Minutes of the Board of Visitors of The Citadel, 1896

Minutes of the Board of Visitors of The Citadel, 1896

Official minutes of the governing body of The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina.

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Charleston (S. C.)

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Columbia
31 March 1896

The Board convened at the Hotel Jerome at 12 N.
Present
The Chairman Gov. Evans
Maj. Gadsden Gen. Watts
Col. Thomas Mr. Mayfield
Gen. Anderson Gen Dennis
Maj. McSweeney
*

[Written on side of page.]
* Gen Anderson was requested to act as Secretary.

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The Chairman submitted the following Memorandum in explanation of the call for this special meeting.

In the first section of the A. A. 31 June 1882, The Board of Visitors are directed to reopen the Military Academy “for the free education and maintenance of as many Beneficiary Cadets as the appropriation herein made will allow.”
The 2nd section of the same act fixes “the number of Beneficiary cadets to be admitted as provided for in foregoing section” at sixty-eight.
These sections taken together are only consistent by limiting the extent of “free education and maintenance” to the amount of the appropriation made. The Board were further authorized to admit Pay Cadets “without expense to the State.” These provisions comprise all the law upon the subject.
The first appropriation was

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at the rate of $300 per cadet per annum, and the Board arranged a scheme of education and maintenance accordingly - the amount being supposed sufficient practically to supply the cadet with everything except pocket money and transportation to and from the school.
The Legislature confirmed this action by subsequent annual appropriations of $20,000, the sum this required.
Small unpaid indebtedness occurred each year at length aggregating a considerable sum; and the Board impressed with the fact sought to meet it by requiring Cadets, pay and beneficiary alike, to furnish from their own resources, books, blankets, and comforts. This measure is accomplishing its purpose. There remains of this date upon that account a deficiency of only $608.03, which will soon be eliminated by the means adopted.
For the fiscal year 1894-95, however, the Legislature reduced the appropriation to $18,000.
The Board met the appropriation by a supposed sufficient reduction of the salaries of Professors and Officers. This reduction did not fully accomplish the purpose.
Unforseen [sic] expenses - such as an unusual annual repair of building, necessary equipment of Chemical Department, the trip to Atlanta, &c. &c. - consumed the economy attempted and the expenses of the school for that year again reached nearly $300 per cadet. It was in fact $293.89 

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For the present fiscal year, the Board asked the Legislature for $20,000 for support of Beneficiaries and $1400 for necessary expenditure upon property, heretofore charged upon the maintenance fund. The Legislature gave $21,000; but by the change made in the beginning and ending of the fiscal year, the same is applicable to the support of the school for 14 months instead of 12 months for which it was asked estimated. The school is therefore for the present year thrown back upon the appropriation of last year - to wit: $18000, while the scale of expenditure has so far in this year been at the rate of $20,000.
The Quarter Master, in a statement of assetts [sic] and liabilities, of date 1 Mar. 1896, reports:
Excess of Liabilities $3,322.32
Accounted for as follows
Unliquidated Deficiency prior to 1895 $608.13
Deficiency 1895 2000.00
Deficiency for 5 mos. current 714.19 3,322.32 year
If the existing scale of expenditures continue till the end of current year, the deficiency will then be $4,608.02
This is the situation that confront us. It can be met but in two ways.
1st By reducing the scale of education and maintenance, of the school, or
2nd Retaining the grade and character of the school, by requiring the

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Beneficiaries to supply still more of their maintenance than they now do. The Pay Cadets - generally about half of our number - paying $300 per annum, defray all their own expenses as things stand.
It is for the Board to consider and take action in the matter.
It is perhaps proper that the Chairman should indicate the conclusion he has for himself reached after anxious and careful consideration.
You will permit him to say, briefly, that he deems the first proposition inadmissable [sic]. The school has now been pronounced by two successive annual Inspectors by the U.S. Army, as second only to West Point. The pay patronage, so essential to our continued success, depends upon this fact. There may not be a very large class who desire a high military education for their sons; but it is from this class that that our pay patronage comes. They pay the money necessary to obtain it: and they should have it. Otherwise in respect to this specialty of education, we stand on the footing of Clemson and various County schools, where the mere drill and dress parade are no doubt sufficiently taught. To any one conversant with military training, and especially with the conditions effecting our school, it goes without saying, that the Pay and Beneficiary Cadet must stand on the same footing. We can not give less education and maintenance to the one than to the other.

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The Regulations themselves provide - that no distinctions in the school shall be permitted, except those arising from merit. This is imperative under the circumstances.
The second proposition commends itself more to the mind of your Chairman.
There is no authority in the Board to exceed the benefaction, which the judgement of the Legislature has provided. They are instructed to receive 68 Beneficiaries, but the sum given from time to time, most assuredly limits the benefaction that they shall extend to each Beneficiary. The sum now given amounts to only thirty dollars per Cadet less than the full amount required and formerly given. The amount provided, to wit: $270.00 is large - larger than a scholarship in any other school with which your Chairman is acquainted. A very considerable proportion of the people of the State are of the opinion that it is too large, and it does not seem to me wise, while we may individually desire it, to look for a future subsequent appropriation greater than the present - Certainly it is unwise to make deliberately, a deficiency relying upon the Legislature to meet it. Further, it is unjust to say the least to incur obligations to Merchants and others,

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when payment depends upon so precarious an event as a Legislative appropriation to meet a deficiency, which has not only not beet authorized but is practically forbidden. Should the Legislature, hereafter, revert to its’ first appropriation, we can go on as before. Under the present circumstances, your Chairman is unable to see any other course than to expend upon the Beneficiaries, in such education and maintenance, as now holds in the school, the $270.00 provided by the State, and require him to furnish the remainder, or $30.00 from his own resources. It can be x

[Written on the side of the page.]

x done by ceasing to issue to him such underclothing &c as can be

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furnished from home, or requiring him to deposit with the Superintendent; a sum large enough to buy [illegible] from the Quarter Master.
The Board in their judgement, must decide what shall be done. It seems to the Chairman that the emergency demands prompt and decisive action.

After full conference, Mr Mayfield submitted the following Resolution which was adopted.
Resolved - The the [sic] beneficiaries be allowed only thirty-two dollars for clothing per annum and that this resolution shall take effect from the beginning of the present scholastic year -

Gen. Watts - offered a Resolution

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that the encampment and march of Instruction be dispensed with for the present year -
Upon discussion it was not adopted.
Board adjourned
Edward Anderson
Secty.

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Sumter S.C. June 29th 1896

Board met pursuant to call of Chairman.
Present
Gen Hagood - Chairman
Col. Gadsden -
Col. Thomas
Gen. Anderson.
Gen. Anderson was requested to act as Secretary.
Minutes of last meeting read and confirmed.
Col. Coward made his report as follows - 
Superintendent’s Report.
Sumter, S.C. June 29th/96
Gen. Johnson Hagood
Chairman Board of Visitors
Sir: - I have the honor to submit the following report of the academic work of the S.C. Military Academy.
At the time of the annual meeting of your Board there were upon the roll of cadets sixty-seven (67) beneficiary, and fifty-six (56) pay cadets - 123
Since that time the following pay cadets were admitted -
T. C. Gower - Greenville S.C.
G. Ashley - Aiken S.C.
W. H. Sherard - Anderson S.C.
(re-admitted) M. King - Summerville 4
Thus making total enrollment - 127
Casualties to date -
By death - W. H. Hill - Abbeville - 1
By Hon. Discharge - C. A. Merriam (P) - 1
By Hon. Discharge - J. M. Harby (P) - 1
Carried over 3 127

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Brought over ------- 3 - 127
By Retirement - B. cadets - Cheatham,
Taylor H, Smith 3
P. Cadets - Allan, Askins
Cleveland, Crosswell, Hagood,
Harby A, Inglesby, Heffron,
King, Moses, Todd, Wilkinson,
Witherspoon 13 - 19
Total present and absent 108
Absent sick - J. F. Townsend,
W. E. Freeman, F. H. Cunningham - 3
On leave pending consideration of application for Discharge - E. L. Owens ---- 1 4
Total present for duty ----- 104

The case of Cadet W. E. Freeman, B cadet from Berkley, mentioned above as absent sick, requires special consideration by the Board. This Cadet had a severe attack of reheumatic [sic] fever last January which has developed a deposit on one or more valves of the heart to an extent that in the opinion of the Surgeon, disqualifies him for active military duty for the present. He has been absent from the academy, on recommendation of the Surgeon, since February 23rd, and from all class work since the middle of January; consequently it will be impossible for him to continue with the class to which he was assigned when admitted. While sincerely regretting the young man’s misfortune, I see no other course

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but to recommend his discharge on the ground of physical disability.
The following recommendations of the Academic Board made at their meeting today, and based on the completion of the records of the Academic year, are respectfully submitted for your consideration and action: “(Extracts of meeting of academic Board, June 29th 1896)”
- Reports of Professors -
In my own department as professor, I am able to report that most satisfactory work has been done. In the branch of Moral Science the same text-books were used as in the two preceding years; but the freedom from the restraints of the daily marking system enabled me to use more freely than ever supplemental lectures and the stimulation of class discussion. In political science, Story on the Constitution of the U.S., Wilson’s State and Federal Constitutions, and the new Constitution of South Carolina, were studied with the same advantages, and to the manifest interest and benefit of the class.
During the long absence of Prof. Reese, on account of sickness, some provision had to be made to keep up the work of his classes. Lieut. Bond took the First class in Astronomy; Lieut Coleman, the Second class in Chemistry; and I gave two hours a day to the Physics of the Fourth Class. In this way the classes accomplished about the usual

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amount of work in the departments of Physics and Chemistry.
The reports of the several professors of the work done in their respective departments are submitted herewith.
The details of class gradings &.c. will be submitted in the Annual Register to be published in a few weeks.
A report of the trip to Atlanta was given to you by letter last November. With your consent, and at the urgent solicitation of many friends of the Academy, I took the Corps to Savannah on the 13th of May last, to compete for the prize offerred [sic] by the Military Interstate Association, and to participate in the general parade on the 14th. The prize was won by the Corps, and its’ exhibition drill on the morning of the 14th and its’ appearance in the grand parade in the afternoon were the subjects of almost universal admiration and praise. The conduct of the Corps throughout the trip deserved and received my warm commendation. I think this trip was a valuable advertisement of the institution, and I am glad to report that it was made without tax upon our resources.
Respectfully submitted
Asbury Coward
Supt.

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Camp Kennedy, Sumter, S.C.
June 19th 1896
Extracts Minutes Acad. Board
x x x x
The Academic Board recommends that all the members of the First Class be graduated.
The Board recommends that Cadet DuBose, of the Second Class, being deficient by .08 in Chemistry, be advanced with his class, in view of the fact that the studies of the class were interrupted for a considerable period by the absence of the professor, and the additional fact that the Cadet was proficient on the final examination covering the whole ground - Adopted -
x x x x
Cadet Josey, B., of the 2d Class, being deficient in mathematics, and having received unauthorized assistance on the June examination, it is recommended that he be dismissed - Adopted
Cadet Park, of the 2d Class, in the opinion of a Court of Inquiry being guilty of receiving unauthorized assistance on the June examination, and the evidence before the Court showing that he had received unauthorized assistance on previous examinations, the Academic Board recommends that he be dismissed

[Written on side of page.]

Adopted

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It was moved that Cadets Latimer, Blackman, [illegible], and Johnson of the Third Class, being deficient be recommended to be dismissed - Adopted
It was moved that Cadet

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Bardin, of the 3rd Class, found deficient be turned back to the 3rd Class of next year. Adopted
It was recommended that Cadet Dennis, of the 4th Class, being deficient, be dismissed. Adopted.
Cadets EsDorn, Gower, Guerard and Vinzant of the 4th Class, being deficient, were recommended to be turned back to the 4th Class. Adopted.
Cadet Hazzard, of the 4th Class, found deficient in mathematics, the Academic Board in consideration of constant interruptions in his studies by the illness of himself and his father, and believing that he is able to continue with his class, recommends that he be allowed to do so on condition that he pass a satisfactory examination in mathematics at the opening of the next Academic year - Adopted.
In view of the fact that Cadet Josey J. is deficient in only one subject, and that proficiency in mathematics will also make him proficient on the general average, it is recommended that he be advanced with his class upon condition that he make a proficient mark in mathematics upon re-examination as recommended by the

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surgeon, at the opening of the next Academic year.
It was moved that Cadet Springs be allowed to go on with his class on condition that he pass a satisfactory examination in October next - Adopted.
It was moved that Cadet King of the 4th Class be advanced and not graded - Adopted.
It was moved that Cadet Carson of the 3rd Class, having been incapacitated from pursuing his studies in mathematics for three months be required to pass a satisfactory examination upon that branch at the beginning of the next Academic year - Adopted -
It was moved that Cadet Stokes, having no examination marks for three months on the calculus, and having failed to make the average upon the three examinations upon the calculus which he stood, be required to pass a satisfactory examination, on that subject at the beginning of the next Academic year - Adopted.
O. J. Bond
Sec. Ac. Board

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Report of Inspection

Charleston S. C.
5 June, 1896

To the
Inspector General, U.S.A.
Washington, D.C.:
Sir:
I have the honor to submit the following report of an inspection of the Military Department of the South Carolina Military Academy, made this day.
1st Lieut. Jno. M. Jenkins, 9th Cavalry, is Professor of Military Science and Tactics: he is exceptionally adapted to the work. Lieut. Jenkins is Commandant of Cadets and receives $400.00 per annum with quarters from the Academy.
The Cadets are organized as a battalion of three companies no field officers.
Number in school ---------- 108
Military Department ---- 108
Present at Inspection --- 108
In Uniform 106
Absent 2
With leave 2
Present and absent 108
The review in full dress was handsomely and accurately executed; the march past in quick and double time was excellent: alignment and distances preserved with rare

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precision.
The appearance and bearing of the cadets at inspection were very fine and soldierly. The uniforms were clean and neat: the arms are old and should be replaced: the equipments are serviceable. The battalion drill in close and extended order was very fine, showing the most careful instruction in all the details, from the school of the soldier through the school of the battalion. The Cadet officers were prompt and accurate, showing thorough familiarity with their respective duties. The battalion is proficient in the infantry drill.
There has been no artillery instruction beyond instructing a detachment sufficiently to fire a salute.
There has been no gallery or range practice. The Academy is within the city limits. A guard is maintained after the West Point system. Practical instruction, with good results, has been given in minor tactics, to include advance and rear guards, and attack and defuse of position.
A company was thrown out as advance guard for the inspector.
During the year a march of 36 miles was made, and an encampment was maintained for two weeks.
The signal detachment sent with flag a message of 17 words in seven minutes. The heliograph could not be used as sun was

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not shining.
Five hours per week are allotted to theoretical instruction.
The second class study Infantry drill Regulations and the Guard Manual. The first class study Wagner’s Security and Information, Winthrop’s Law, and Beach’s Manual of Field Engineering.
The examination showed that the Cadets were well grounded in the subjects taught.
Five hours per week are given to practical instruction, which include the Infantry Drill Regulations, signaling and minor tactics. There is an annual encampment of two weeks - the time being devoted to practical instruction.
A graduate of good standing, from the Academy, is well qualified to assume the duties of a Second Lieutenant of Infantry.
The high standing mentioned in my last report of last year has been maintained, and all concerned in the institution deserve much credit for the good work accomplished.
Very respectfully
(signed) E. A. Garlington
Major Inspector General

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Report of Maj Cummings
Camp Kennedy
Sumter, S.C. June 29th 96
To Col. Asbury Coward
Supt. S.C.M.A.
Sir:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the past year’s work in the department of English Literature and History.
In the first session the Second class pursued the course laid down in English and American Literature, using as text-books Meiklejohn’s manual for English author’s and the supplement to Shan’s manual for the American author’s. I gave the class frequent lectures on the distinct literary forms, and helped them to analyse and appreciate the style of each author and to recognize the characteristics of the several periods in the growth of our literature.
In the second session this class studied Intellectual Philosophy, using Alden’s Manual on that subject, with lectures from myself. In addition, I took the class through one of Shakespeare’s plays, The Merchant of Venice, using the addedition of Dr H. N. Hudson.
The Third class in the first session studied Myer’s General History, and in the second session Rhetoric and Logic. D. J. Hill’s Rhetoric and Composition, and Poland’s Formal Logic were

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found well adapted to the needs of the class.
The Fourth Class in the first session studied Meiklejohn’s English Grammar, and in the second session they finished Montgomery’s Leading Facts in English History.
The examinations were monthly, and for the most part written. The cadets of all classes were directed to pay particular attention to spelling, punctuation, grammar and composition, in their examination papers; and the papers were graded with reference to these features.
The new system of monthly examinations worked fairly well on the whole. In no other way could I have managed over a hundred students daily. No time is used in making up the Cadet’s grade in any recitation hour; but the professor is occupied in an exposition of the day’s lesson, so that the least acute and least industrious may understand the subject. It must be admitted that the constant expounding in the class-room and the additional inspection and valuation of reams of foolscap examination papers, make the work of the teacher very much greater under the new system than under the old system of semi-annual

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examinations. However, I am in favor of the new system, as I think it will operate for the improvement of the Academy. I think it might be better to require some standard grade for the fast examination of the year. At present a cadet may ignore a certain department, and take zero, or almost zero, for his final mark provided he has previously made good enough grades in that department to give him an average of 75 for the year. And yet the work of that last month may be the most important work of the year in that course of study.
Very respectfully submitted
St James Cummings
Maj. and Prof. Eng. Lit. and Hist.

Report of Major Reese -
Camp Kennedy
Sumter June 29th 1896
The Board of Visitors
South Carolina Military Academy
Sirs: -
I have the honor to make the following report of the work done in my department during the past Academic year.
The first class pursued the usual studies, but during the first half up to Dec. 15th they had the advantage of laboratory work in chemistry. This work would have continued till the middle of February had it not been for the

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unfortunate illness which kept me from my work from that date till the first of April. They studied Geology and Astronomy under Lieut. Bond part of which work kept them busy during my illness.
The second class pursued its usual course in the study of Inorganic Chemistry including Laboratory work throughout the year except during a short period. During most of the time of my illness Lieutenant Coleman very kindly carried on the work.
The fourth class accomplished their entire course very satisfactorily, Col. Coward taught them during my illness.
I wish to express my appreciation of the kindness and courtesy of these gentlemen in so ably carrying on my work during my absence from duty.
The method of marking by monthly examination adopted this year, is eminently well adapted to the course of instruction in my department, but it could be improved by giving greater weight to the final examination.
The work of the 3rd class has been ably carried on by Lieut. Coleman whose report is herewith submitted
Respectfully submitted
Chas. L. Reese

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Prof. Chem. and Physics

Lieutenant Bond’s Report
To Maj. Chas. L. Reese
Sir:
The First Class recited to me daily in January and February, alternating Le Conte’s Geology and Young’s Astronomy. Since then they have come to me every other day in astronomy. They have accomplished the course with credit.
Respectfully
O. J. Bond
Asst. Prof. Mathematics

Report of Lieutenant Coleman
Camp Kennedy
Sumter, S.C. June 29th 1896
To
Maj. C. L. Reese
Prof. Chem. and Physics
Sir:
I have the honor to make the following report of the work done by the Third class in Physics.
This class has recited to me in two sections daily and has covered more ground than usual.
A change in text-book has enabled me to place in the hands of the students in printed form an account of some of the more recent developments of the science instead of wholly by lectures as heretofore.
I find the present method of marking well adapted to instruction in science.

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Very respectfully
J. T. Coleman
Lt. and Asst. Prof.

Recommendation by Lieut. Coleman, Endorsed by Maj. Reese

Camp Kennedy
Sumter June 29th 1896
To
Col. Asbury Coward
Superintendent
through
Maj. C. L. Reese
Prof. Chem. and Physics
Sir:
I have the honor to direct your attention to the urgent need of equipment for our Physical Laboratory. This department is at present supplied with not more than $700 worth of apparatus - much of this is the worse for constant wear.
I am greatly hampered in my work especially in Electricity, as I have no means for measuring current strength, voltage, coefficients in induction, capacity, and so forth.
There is but little opportunity for doing quantitative work. It is of great importance for students at least to see there [sic] subjects illustrated. The instruments referred to are used in ordinary practical work and I ask that a sum be appropriated that will

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put the physical Laboratory on as good a footing as the other departments of the Academy.
I should be glad to submit estimates which have been made at my request.
Very respectfully
J. T. Coleman
Lt. and Asst. Prof.
(Endorsement)
I heartily endorse the facts stated herein and would recommend that provision be made for the equipment suggested.
Very respectfully forwarded
Chas. L. Reese
June 29th 1896

Report of Major R. G. Thomas
South Carolina Mily. Academy
Charleston, S.C. June 28, 1896
To
Col. Asbury Coward
Superintendent
Sir:
I have the honor to make the following report of the Department of Mathematics and Engineering.
The First Class was instructed in Analytic Mechanics, Hydromechanics, and the Mechanics of Materials. This course in Civil Engineering was supplemented by lectures upon the methods of determining the stresses in the simple forms of bridge and roof trusses. Recitations and examinations were held upon these lectures as well as upon the

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text book matter. Lectures were given upon existing structures, bridges and arches, and on the historical development of the Science of Mechanics.
Advantageous use of the Calculus is made throughout this course.
The Second Class studied Analitic [sic] Geometry and Calculus. The text book in the first named subject was a recent work by the Professor of Mathematics at the Virginia Military Institute. It proved to be an excellent manual giving numerous examples in exemplification of the principles. In Taylor’s work on the Calculus, which is used the Differential and Integral Calculus is successively treated and the one made to show light upon the other. Lectures were given to the Class on the History and Philosophy of Mathematics.
The Third Class, in two sections, was engaged upon Plane and Solid Geometry, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, and Surveying. The Class was instructed in the use and adjustment of Surveying instruments. A survey of Marion Square was made, each member of the Class calculating the area from the notes. Considerable field work was done in the presence and by the assistance of the Class. As far as practicable the members of the Class were made to handle and use the

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the instruments.
Lectures were given on practical surveying methods.
The Fourth Class was under the instruction of Lieut. Coleman in Algebra. The report of this zealous officer is herewith forwarded.
In my experience the system of grading upon monthly written examinations rather than upon daily recitations enables the teacher to do much more teaching, and shows more correctly what has been accomplished by the strident. While the examination & grading of the papers entails considerable more work upon the Professor, the fact that he is more at liberty to lecture and explain during the daily recitations makes the system one of distinct advantage to the student as well as more satisfactory to the Professor.
It is my opinion that a final written examination upon a subject studied for four or more months should have more weight than an examination upon the work of one month.
Very respectfully
Your obedient servant
Robt. G. Thomas
Professor Mathematics and Engineering

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Report of Lieutenant Coleman

To
Maj. R. G. Thomas
Prof. Mathematics
Sir: -
I have the honor to make the following report of the work of the Fourth Class in Algebra.
This Class has recited to me in two sections daily. One section was carried almost through Wentworth’s Higher Algebra, the other section went through the necessary work to fit them for later Mathematical study.
I find that the prompt method of marking is well adapted to work in the department.
Very respectfully
J. T. Coleman
Lt. and Asst. Prof.

Report of Maj. P. P. Mazyck
To
Col. Asbury Coward
Superintendent
Sir:
I beg leave to submit the following report as to the classes under my tuition. Some changes had been made in the text-books used, and the 4th Class has had daily recitations French. The division of the other classes and the number of hours assigned to each has been the same as noted in

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in my last report. I take this occasion to express my satisfaction with a daily mark for recitation, and the substitution of monthly examinations as a basis of grading - From the standpoint of both instructor and pupil, the advantages are I think very apparent. The instructor unembarrassed by the necessity of each pupil being given a “mark” - in large sections causing a hurry and commination of the subject matter - is free to fully illustrate obscurities and remove difficulties. Points passed over can be brought forward and reviewed without the traditional appeal to “that’s not in the lesson,” and the entire section or class can be made to take an interest in the recitation, by being all made to participate in it, in a more or less degree - The instructor of course can keep a record of the daily effort on the part of the pupil (as I have done) & this note careless or indifferent ones and to these special attention can be paid.
As to the pupil; he is rid of the idea of working solely for a “mark.” His attention is fostered by the fact that he knows that his grade will depend on his appropriation of the subject treated of during the month, and by being made to take part in the whole recitation, he feels that it concerns him, and not the one alone who happens to be called upon at

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the moment.
If a system is to be judged by the results I think I am and [illegible] in approving of this one, there being but few deficiencies in my department, and the impression left upon me being one of decided satisfaction with the results of the year’s work.
Very Resply
P. P. Mazyck
Maj. and Prof. Mod. Lang.

Report of Lieutenant Bond Department of Drawing &.c.

Col. Asbury Coward
Superintendent
Sir: -
I have the honor to submit my report of the work done in the department of Drawing and Book-Keeping. The First Class was engaged in architectural drawing until Jan 1st. From that time until the close of the session they were engaged in a practical course in book-keeping. This class has done fairly good work.
The Second Class has recited daily this year instead of every other day. Consequently, their work in descriptive geometry and architectural drawing is the best that I have probably ever

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had.
The Third Class has also been engaged daily in drawing in two sections. They have used [illegible] Mechanical Drawing, and have drawn plats of surveys, profiles, and topographic maps.
The system of monthly examinations has been peculiarly well adapted to this department.
Respectfully submitted
O. J. Bond
Asst. Prof. Math. in charge Drawing and Book-keeping

Cadet Freeman on account of Physical Disability was dismissed.
Case of Cadet Owens -
Resolved - That the matter be referred to Colonel Coward to obtain further information as to the facts in the case -

Communication from Major Thomas referred to the August meeting.

Resignation of Major Reese was accepted, and the following resolutions were passed.
Resolved -
I That the resignation of Maj. Chas. L. Reese, PhD, Professor of Chemistry and Physics, be accepted as requested by him to take effect October 1st 1896.
II That in accepting the resignation of Major Reese, the members of the Board deem

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it due to themselves and to him, to express their high appreciation of the services he has rendered the Military Academy throughout the eight years of his connection with it. To his scientific knowledge and excellent judgement is due the admirable selection of the equipment of his department, and to his energy and zeal, - and at small cost to the Academy, - is due the complete arrangement for individual student work in the Chemical Laboratory, by which the practical value of that department has been greatly enhanced. The best wishes of the Board for his success and professional advancement will accompany Dr Reese in whatever field of labor he may hereafter occupy.

Board adjourned -
(signed) Edward Anderson
Actg. Secty.

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Columbia, S.C. Sept. 1st 1896

Board met at 12 N.
Present
General Hagood - Chairman
Col. Thomas
Gen. Watts
Gen. Anderson
Hon. W. D. Mayfield
Hon. A. K. Dennis

Butler Hagood was requested to act as Secretary.

Case of Ex-Cadet B. S. Josey
Resolved - That upon the application of Ex-Cadet B. S. Josey, the action of the Board in his case be reconsidered, and that he be readmitted as a Cadet, and be assigned to the next lowest, to wit; Second Class on the 1st October next -

Case of Cadet Owens
Resolved - That upon the failure of Cadet Owens to report to the Superintendent of the Academy by October 1st next, he be recorded a deserter.

Appointments as Professors -
Resolved - That Lieutenant Bond be appointed Professor of Drawing and Bookkeeping and Assistant Professor of Mathematics, with the ranking of Captain, at a salary of $1200.00 per annum.

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Resolved - That Lieutenant J. T. Coleman be appointed Professor of Physics, with the rank of Captain, at a salary of $1200.00 per annum.

Resolved - That Mr F. L. Parker, be appointed Assistant Professor in charge of Chemistry with the rank of 1st Lieutenant at a salary of $800.00 per annum -

Resolved - That their promotions and this appointment take date from 1st October next -

The following Applications for permission to appear before the County Board of Examiners, for appointments as Beneficiary Cadets were considered, and acted on favorably:
Abbeville County
Auld - Marion Knox - D.S.
Byrts - S. A. Lawson - W. B.
McCochran - Lewis Moore - Jno. W.
Hill Wm G. Quarles - J. P.
Hester Jno. Jas. Penney - J. C.
Barnwell County
Clayton - W. S. Riley - Wm L
Hagood - Wm C Sheridan - W. D.
Hart - B. A. Simmons - Geo. O.
Matheney - H. O. Thomas - Wade H.
Newsom - J. A. Mathews - J. M.
Ott - Thos. O. Ussery - Thos. M.
Wall - A. L.
Berkeley County -
Orvin - M. C. Wecks - J. C.

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Charleston County
Esdorn - Chas. H. Jackson - Walter F
Fitzsimmons - W. S. Linley - Jno. Wm.
Graham - J. S. Pinckney - Wm R.
Willard - Carl G.

[Written on side of page.]

Clarendon

[Main page.]

Brodham - D. A. Lessesne - Jno. W.
Holladay - S. J. Plowden - Jas. McF.
Richbourg - B. H.
Colleton County
Appleby - A. S. Jenkins - Jas. D.
Black - David King - Mitchell
Harley - C. M. Mimms - R. W.
Smoak. W. W.
Darlington County
Evans - W. H. Cannon - E. W.
Freeman - R. E. L. Pate - C. H.
Edgefield County
Courtney - J. H. Nicholson - R. H.
Kershaw County
Bruce - Robt. C. Truesdale - C. H.
Gibbs - J. T.
Lancaster County
Cauthen - J. C.
Marlboro County
Calhoun Burke Moore - W. B.
Eaves - Jno. P. Plowden - R. E.
Marion County
Bethea - Jno. C. Hargrove - N. B.
Davis - R. S. Harrell - W. F.
Gasque - B. M. Rogers - H. T.
Watson S. L.
Orangeburg County
Fair - Wm F. Heidtman Jno. D. Hydrick A. J.
Heyward - Alex. S. Inabinst - F. H.
Horger - E. O. C. Livingston - S.
Porter - Jno. A. Riley - D. T.

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[Written on side of page.]

Richland

[Main page.]

Burrows - Jas. F. Sligh - Wm H.
Chase - A. T. Weston - Thos. J.
Saluda County
Boatwright - Jno. A. Snelgrove - S. C.
Riser - C. W. Wightman - G. W.
Sumter County
Barnwell - R. E. Haynesworth - J H.
Brearley - Jas. W. James - L. A.
Cain - S. D. Jones - Wm D.
Du Bose - T. S. Michan - Wm F.
Du Rant - C. W. Muldrow - W. J.
Union County
Gee - R. E. Long - Jno. A.
Hamilton - T. L. Walker - A. R.

The following applications were considered and rejected for the reasons given -
Case of Robt. M. Jones
Resolved - That the application be rejected, on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate.
Case of Ernest F. Latimer
Resolved that the application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate -

Case of Richard H. Moseley
Resolved that the application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate.

Case Jas. C. Watson -
Resolved - That the application be rejected on the ground of

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Applicant’s being over age -

Case of Thos. Evan Cochran
Resolved - That the application be rejected on the ground of the Applicant’s being over age -

Case of Wm R. Hoyt -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate.

Case of J. L. Moseley -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate

Case of W. C. Allen -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate.

Case of Joseph G. Evans -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate

Case of R. K. Hayes
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate.

Case of Herbert A Lewis -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of Applicant’s being over age.

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Case of W. A. McMillan -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in the Auditor’s Certificate -

Case of Hugh W. While -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in Auditor’s Certificate.

Case of R. N. Sampson -
Resolved - That application be rejected on the ground of too much property shown in Auditor’s Certificate

Whereas there are no applications from the County of Spartanburg, before the Board at this meeting -
Resolved - That the Chairman re-advertise and take all necessary steps to fill this vacancy and that he exercise all the powers of the Board in this connection. Adopted.

Board adjourned at 4 P.M.
Butler Hagood
Secretary -

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Charleston, S. C. Nov. 4th, 1896

Board met at Charleston Hotel at 8 o’clock P.M. The following members were present:
Gen. Hagood - Chairman
Hon. W. D. Mayfield
Col. Jno. P. Thomas
Col. M. B. McSweeney
Major C. S. Gadsden
Gen. Anderson
Gen. Watts

A general discussion of the affairs of the Academy ensued -
The Chairman appointed a committee of those consisting of Col. Thomas, Col. McSweeney, and Gen. Watts, to examine the accounts of the Academy for the present year. The Board then adjourned to meet at the Academy the following day at 11 o’clock A.M.
Nov. 5th 1896
Board convened at 11 o’clock A.M. at the Academy with the members of the previous day present.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved.
The report of the Committee on accounts was read.
The contest of P. P. Hamilton against A. Russell Walker was then brought up. After the careful consideration of the sworn affidavits of both sides the Board decided to dismiss the contest.
A motion was then made to reimburse the Chairman $25.00

[Page 39]

which he had expended for telegrams, postage, printing, and stationary.
The reports of the Superintendent and Professors were then read and discussed.

Superintendent’s Report
Charleston, S.C. Nov. 4th 1896
Gen. Johnson Hagood
Chairman Board of Visitors
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report as supplemental of the report made to you after the close of the last academic session.
On Commencement Day, there were upon the roll of cadets ---- 108
By the action of your Board there were
Graduated 17
Dismissed 6
Discharged on account of physical disability 1 24
Thus leaving on the roll 84
Of this number five (5) were turned back; but four have failed to return, and they are recorded, on the Register as dismissed -------- 4
Cadet Owens having failed to return is by the terms of the resolution recorded as a deserter --- 1
Cadet King having also failed to return is dropped ----- 1
Cadet Miscally has been honorably discharged --- 1 7
77
Admitted on your warrant since Oct 5th 44

[Page 40]

Present enrollment -------- 121
Of the forty-four matriculates in October two were re-admitted cadets, who had been retired during the last academic year.
The remaining forty-two are, as noted in the Surgeons report, unusually well developed and mature. The average are as follows: -
Age - 17 years, 3 ½ months
Weight - 131 pounds
Height - 5 ft - 7 ½ inches
Two have been assigned to the 3d class on probation; the others were assigned to the 4th class and I am glad to report that they give promise of high attainments.
The work of the session has begun in a very satisfactory manner in all departments. I take great pleasure in stating that the older cadets seem to be carrying out in good faith the action taken by them last year in reference to the ill-treatment of new cadets. I have had no reason even to suspect that there has been any hazing done by them this year.
The condition of the building and its equipment is most unsatisfactory. The roofing, especially of the west-wing, is in bad condition. The entire foundation furniture of the class-rooms and dormitories, the walls, ceilings, the wood-work

[Page 41]

generally and the piping, all need overhauling, painting or renewing.
In view of these things and of other important matters I would earnestly recommend to the Board that the General Assembly be urged to appropriate for the support of the Academy the next fiscal year, the sum of $23000; to be expended as follows:
For the support of 68 beneficiary cadets = $20000
For Equipment of Drawing department 250
For Equipment of Physical department 500
For Class-room furniture 500
For Library 500
For Repairs 1250
$23,000
I respectfully submit herewith the following papers:
Superintendent’s financial report
Balance sheet to Oct. 31st
List of recruits classified
Schedule of Recitations
Very respectfully
Asbury Coward
Supt.

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Department of Military Science and Tactics
South Carolina Military Academy
Charleston, S.C., June 30th 1896

The Superintendent South Carolina Military Academy,
Sir:
I have the honor to make the following report of my department for the year 1895-96:
In theoretical instruction: The First Class completed the course in Military Law, The Service of Security and Information and Manual of Military Engineering. The results were entirely satisfactory.
The Second Class completed the course in Infantry Drill Regulations and Manual of Guard Duty. The results were entirely satisfactory.
The system of monthly examinations, absolving the daily grading, allowed much more time for individual explanation and instruction. I am satisfied that much greater actual knowledge and a clearer understanding of the principles were gained by the classes on all subjects taught. In practical instruction, the high standard of efficiency in Infantry drill was upheld. Problems in minor tactics, relating to Advance Guards, Rear Guards, Outposts, posting and relieving Pickets and Sentinels, and Patrols, applications of extend-

[Page 43]

ed order drill to attack and defense have been solved, particular attention being given to the relation between the formation of troops and the terrain. The Cadet Officers developed much aptitude and skill in this work.
Instruction in Military Signalling was given to the Second Class and a high state of proficiency was attained in the use of the flag and heliograph.
The Battalion of Cadets was taken to visit the Atlanta Exposition. In the opinion of competent judges, U. S. Army Officers, the Battalion presented the most soldierly appearance and marched the finest of all visiting military organizations throughout the continuance of the Exposition.
The Battalion attended the Inter-State Drill held at Savannah, Ga. and entered the “Cadet Class”. The Battalion won the First Prize.
The Battalion was transported by rail to Sumter, S.C. for the encampment of the Annual Military Session. The usual duties of castrametation, guard and police, with drill and parade, were performed. Owing to the heavy sand roads and extreme heat no practice marches were deemed advisable. I recommend that in selecting

[Page 44]

the place for the annual encampments particular attention be paid to the condition of the roads and surrounding country that they be suitable for military instruction and maneuvers.
At Sumter were held - The Company Competitive Drill, Company “C”, Cadet Capt. Carmichael, winning first place; The Individual Drill for the “Star of the West” medal, Cadet Private Josey, J. being the winner. The Military Department was inspected, June 5th by Major E. A. Garlington, Inspector General, U. S. Army.
The three Cadets most distinguished and reported to the Adjutant General U. S. Army are: Cadet Captains B. G. Murphy, T. W. Carmichael and T. K. Holman.
Very respectfully
Your obedient servant,
John M. Jenkins
1st Lieut. 5th U. S. Cavalry
Professor Military Science and Tactics
Commandant of Cadets

[Page 45]

Report of Maj. Cummings

Charleston, S.C. Nov. 3rd 1896

To Col. Asbury Coward
Supt. S.C.M.A.
Sir:
As supplementary to my report at the close of the Academic year, I submit the following -
For the month of October the classes, in English have followed the programme of studies; and although I cannot yet tell how the examinations were passed, I expect a better average than that for the same month of 1895.
Respectfully submitted
St James Cummings
Maj. and Prof. Eng. Lit. and Hist.

Report of Major P. P. Mazyck

Charleston, S.C. 4th Nov. 1896
To
Col. Asbury Coward Supt.
Sir: -
I beg leave to report as follows concerning the classes under my instruction.
The division of classes and no. of recitations is very much the same as during the last session. The sections or classes alternating and each having 10 recitations per month.

[Page 46]

They seem to have started in a good spirit and the results of the examinations for the past month are encouraging - The new class impresses me as being more mature than any we have had for years, and promises well -
Allow me to call attention to the very poor condition of the furniture of the section room and to beg that if possible something be done for its improvement.
Very Respt.
Yr. Obdt. Servt.
P. P. Mazyck
Maj. and Prof. Mod. Lang.

Report of Major Thomas
Charleston, S.C. Nov. 4 1896
Col. Asbury Coward
Supt.
Sir:
I have the honor to call attention to the urgent need of proper equipment in the Mathematical Section Room. Seats with facilities for writing are especially demanded, now that so much writing is required in the room. The floor and walls of the room are in bad order and the blackboards need renewing -
Very respectfully
Your obedient servant,
Robt. G. Thomas
Prof. Math. and Eng.

[Page 47]

Report of Captain Bond
Charleston S.C. Nov 3rd/96
To Col. Asbury Coward
Supt.
I have the honor to submit my report of the Department of Drawing and Book-keeping.
This department is very greatly in need of drawing desks. There never has been a proper equipment, and the makeshifts now in use are almost unserviceable. I respectfully request that an appropriation sufficient to provide the drawing room with thirty desks be asked of the Legislature. About two hundred and fifty dollars will be needed for this purpose.
Respectfully
O. J. Bond
Captain, Prof. Drawing & Bkkg.

[Page 48]

Report of Captain Coleman
Charleston, S.C. Nov. 3rd 1896
To Col. Coward
Supt.
I have the honor to report that my classes are doing well.
I would ask your attention to the need of suitable benches for class room use, as well as to the urgent demand for the supplies for the Physical Laboratory -
Our equipment is not full in any department of Physics, but there is greatest need for electrical apparatus and I should be glad to prepare an estimate of needed supplies for you.
Very respectfully
J. T. Coleman
Captain and Prof. Physics

Report of Lt. F. L. Parker
Charleston, S.C. Nov 3rd 1896

Col. Asbury Coward
Superintendent
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the department of Chemistry for the month of October.
The First Class has continued the study of Inorganic Chemistry, and has commenced Analytical Chemistry. The progress of the class been very good.
The Second Class has begun

[Page 49]

the study of Inorganic Chemistry, and has made fair progress.
Very respectfully
Francis L. Parker Jr.
Assistant Professor
In charge of Chemistry

- Surgeon’s Report -
S.C.M.A.
November 1st 1896
Col. Asbury Coward
Supt.
Sir:
I have the honor to transmit the following report of the medical department of the S.C.M. Academy from October 1st 1895 to November 1st 1896.
The general health of the Cadets has been good: the prevailing diseases were such as usually occur among the recruits in the first few months after arriving, who undergo a process of acclimation during their first year. The greatest number of cases were from Catarrhs Malarial fever and some cases of “Grip”: there was also a slight epidemic of Measels [sic], some cases of sore throat, and of Diarrhea during the summer months and fruit season.
There were some cases of sore eyes arising from carelessness in studying without shades which had been broken and could have been easily procurred [sic] on application; and a few from

[Page 50]

congenital defects in vision requiring special treatment at the Surgeon’s private office.
There were two cases of continued fever, contracted at home, and some other cases of debility after Malarial fevers and measles which required Furloughs, eleven of which were granted during the year.
There were two cases of acute Rheumatism (hereditary) one of which was subsequently discharged for disability. I regret to report one death from a case of cerebro-spinal Meningitis. This case had been furloughed for fever, and had returned in a debilitated condition, was subsequently attacked with the above named disease and was furloughed again and died soon after reaching his home.
I have examined physically, forty one recruits. Five I have noted as you will see in the body of the report. They have congenital affections which heretofore have not impaired the functions of the organ or region affected, and many never do so. None of them are sufficiently serious to unfit them for duty. The great majority of the Recruits are the oldest, largest, and best developed men as a class, which has entered the Institution since its reorganization in 1882

[Page 51]

Very Respectfully
Francis L. Parker
M. D. Surgeon

P.S. I append a tabulated list of the number of cases treated with the diseases classified for the information of the Board of Visitors, but which ought not to be published in my opinion, and also my report of the physical examination of the recruits.
Respectfully
F. L. P.

Tabulated list of cases treated by Surgeon -
Boils 29
Continued Fever 2
Catarrhs Malarial Fever 92
Asthma 2
Brake Bone Fever 2
Neuralgia 5
Diarrhea 54
Dysentery 1
Sore Eyes 26
Orchitis 16
[Illegible] 1
Vertigo 1
Bayonet wound 1
Knife wound 1
Sore Throat 10
Rheumatism 11
Acute Rheumatism 2
Measles 24
Bronchitis 4
284

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Forwarded ------ 284
Hernia ------- 1
Varicoult ----- 1
Total 286
Remarks
11 Furloughs granted
1- Death - March 7th 1896
1- sent away on account of organic Heart Disease, a sequence of acute Rheumatism.

The following resolution was offered and adopted.
Whereas the detail of Lieutenant Jenkins expires a short-time before the close of the Academic year, and whereas it would, in many respects, be unjust to Lieut. Jenkins and to the Academy to lose his services at the expiration of the present detail, before the expiration of the Academic year.
Resolved - That the Chairman of the Board of Visitors, S.C.M.A. be requested to communicate with the War Department and ask for the extension of the said detail to the close of the current Academic year.
On motion the Board adjourned.
(signed) J. G. Watts
Acting Secretary