2 10 48 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/ba37d37c5906be82c27dc3d5dd969641.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=SO6EefJoHH0L7A5YHFYfknAUX0otlyWdB3QVndF7exXrUsWha-Ye6BO3UTsMIu%7E22nKt1uX2dtC4Z4O%7EK-Kefn0IGXeUuI%7EmbfFkvUKRov0z60XTWcNhMuK6HPGdeKSIM2THFYpXKEiijm1UfUngaL3PJVZvxsj-8tBued7b3zpHSK4qY17lsemxD0vkCXQh3UU4Zh%7EGL4ARnSw26bH7RvGboKrkfcj0XM2BBb4AHHzDBE0W-47Zvy6S-KKS3YvrgfCONZ1JTZRVM7AUHrBenYtKJ4n%7EOyC%7EEfKHciUC1kCgYwAh0ZllRmSEH7QJdlW3atGNozG7WZUsRyc85Zuq8w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 742e0bfcde68850ae59ad10b129f2d72 PDF Text Text lO l normal radar machines out of adjustment and brings a number of anti-aircraft protection difficulties. General Clark immediately sent a cable to General Gruenther telling M_m to get this equipment on the next boat to Ando. The Army Commander then conferred with Lt. Col. Wells, G-2 at the Ad• vance Command Post, and later General Moran, before going to bed. General Clark dispatched the following cables to General Gruenther who had remained back at Fifth Army Main Headquarters: RN 9796. "Situation relatively quiet with sporadic artillery fire, mainly in forward areas. Second battalion, 157th, being relieved tonight by British. When completed will give 157th Infantry, less one battalion, as additional reserve. One battalion, 30th Infantry, being committed to strengthen position in vicinity of 9431. Will leave Anzio harbor exactly 1100 hours tomorrow. Saville requests you arrange air cover. Have two cubs at Capodichino 1500 hours. Have Packard and other transportation at dock at 1430 hours. Clear return PT trip with Navy. Don't let Spadger browbeat you. Acknowledge." RN 9798. "Eagles hopes there may be a vacancy in OPDWD for Churchill. Can we take him off his hands? Acknowledge.'' RN 9799. "Bringing Johnny back with me in the morning with two aides. Issue orders by direction of the President in Truscott•s case. They should confirm my verbal orders I have issued tonight. Send on my PT Boats on 24th Brig. Gen. Fred Butler, to be Truscott•s Deputy. Also send Colonel Shepard at same time if he is not sick. Request NATOUSA to send Brig. Gen. Ramey to me immediately by air. I intend to make him VI Corps Anti-Tank Officer. Have extra car at dock for Lucas. May send him direct to Sorrento for rest. Issue orders announcing Lucas as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Acknowledge.n RN 9800. "Bradshaw has urgent need for three SCR 1 s 584. Robinson familiar with this requirement. They must be shipped by LST tomorrow." General Gruenther dispatched the following cable to General Clark re the situation at the Cassino front: RN 3712. "Bombing attack on Cassino scheduled to end noon 24th. Ground attack follows immediately thereafter. Weather prediction starting afternoon 24th is unfavorable and continues unfavorable for thr~e days. XII Air Support estimate thAt 7 heavy groups and 7 medium groups will be required and have submitted request for thnt number. Spadger says that this force is not enough. He feels that the maximum effort must be placed on the target and that no whittling down can be permitted. He has expressed his opinion rather vigorously and there may be a minor crisis developing. I believe I can handle the situation." Total Fifth Army battle casualties as of today are 72,982. * * * PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 23, 1944-•General Clark left the command post and went to VI Corps Headquarters where he again conferred with VI Corps staff officers. At 0800 he left for the 56th Evacuation Hospital. He was accompanied by two American war correspondents, Reynolds Packard of United Press and Edward Ken- �nedy of Associated Press, and a pool photographer, Sammy Goldstein of Acme. At the 56th Evacuation Hospital, General Clark decorated 1st Lieutenant Donald E. Knowlton with the Distinguished Service Cross. General Clark had acted particularly fast in decorating this man, since Knowlton had performed his deed of valor only two days previously. General Clark was accompanied by General McLain, Artillery Officer of the 45th Division. Following his visit to the hospital, General Clark went to the 1st British Division where he conferred with General Penney. Returning to the Advance Command Post in a heavy rainstorm, General Clark looked over last minute messages and found that chances of the FT Boats returning to Naples were remote because of a heavy wind. General Clark drove to the dock and after some discussion with the PT Boat Comnanders decided he would put four members of his party on each of the boots and try to make the trip. General Clark, acconpanied by Lt. Col. Brit~on, Captain Beardwood, Sergeant Holden and Sergeant Chaney got on the PT and headed out into the harbor. It was soon apparent that the FTs could not make the trip. Within a few seconds everyone on board was soaking wet, and the PT #216 was alternately standing on its bow and then on its stern. The FTs turned around and went back into the harbor. After a conference with the Port Commander, General Clark arranged for part of his party to return to Naples on the U.s.s. Davis, a destroyer escort. General Clark went out to the Davis aboard a sub-chaser. The Davis departed for Naples at 1230 P.M., and General Clark arrived at the Navy House landing stage about 1900. He was accompanied by Generals Saville, Hawkins and Sergeant Chaney. Because of heavy swells, high winds and rain squalls, the return trip was extremely rough. The remainder of General Clark's party departed from Anzio at 1600 aboard two LSTS, the #63 and #64. Upon arriving in Naples, General Clark was met at the dock by his Packard, and he returned innnediately to his command post at Presenzano. Important messages received and dispatched today are as follows: RN 3745. Gruenther to Clark. this afternoon.~ "Three radio sets for Bradshaw were shipped Clark to CTNC, AFHQ. RN 3749. "Desire that Brigadier General Ramey report this Headquarters earliest date possible. Advise when he will arrive." Gruenther to Clark. RN 3748. "Have asked for Ramey. Orders will be issued as directed in your 9799. Extra car will be at pier for Lucas. Will advise about Butler and Ramey later." Gruenther to Clark. RN 3752. "Have sent message to NATOUSA offering Churchill for OPD assignment as directed in your 9798. 11 * * * FRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 24, 1944--General Clark remained at his command post holding a series of conferences. General Keyes of II Corps called. He discussed the relief of II Corps and the withdrawal of organizations, their reorga.nization, re-equipping and training as provided in Operations Instruction #16 is- �lo3 sued this day. Thereafter General Walker paid a short call on the Army Com• mander, who spoke of the fine work the 36th Division had done and of his confidence that the Division, by rest, reorganization and training, would soon be restored to full combat efficiency. The next caller was General Freyburg, who came to see General Clark with the Chief of Staff. The Army Commander feels that General Freyburg has been rather spoiled by the British Arrrr:,, due to the somewhat unique position occupied by the New Zealand Corps. Because it is not desired to offend New Zealand politically, the Corps and Corps Commander have been treated with a certain deference which has caused -Spadger to cavil at orders unless they are to his liking. Latterly, the question of the taking of Cassino by the New Zealand Corps has been an important project of the Fifth Army, but Spadger has been stating that he will or will not attack, depending upon the extent of the air support being to his liking. An attack by Spadger to definitely take the town was planned fo:r today but was postponed, as the weather was unsuitable for air operations. In the meantime, General Clark has arranged for 900 tons, in place of 600 tons, of bombs to be dropped on the tovm in support of the attack. During the conversation with Sradger today, G~neral Clark told him of this favorable development but was quite blunt in express- \ ing the idea that as long as Spadger was serving with the Fifth Army he would have to comply with Fifth Army orders and not argue about them. At lunch Colonels Sullivan and Elllott, both of the Class of 1917 at West Poir..t, were General Clark's guests. Today Operations Instruction #16 was issued from Headquarters Fifth Army. This Operations Instruction modifies Operations Instructions #14 and #15 in certain respects. It provides that II Corps will be vrithdrawn to the Alife area for rest and re-organization. 'T'he front will be taken over from right to left by the CEF, New Zealand Corps and 10 Corps. The CEF' will be allotted that part of the front down to a point immediately north of Cassino. The New Zealand Corps will take over that part of the line running south from Cassino to a point just north of the junction of the Garigliano and the Liri Rivers. 10 Corps will take o,rer the interval from the New Zealand Corrs to the sea. Reliefs b~r the CEF and New Zealand Corps of those portions of the II Corps front to be relieved by them respectively will be arranged by Corps Commanders between themselves, and the relieving commanders will notify the Army Commander when the relief is completed. In the meantime, VI Corps, consisting of the 1st, 56th, 3rd and 45th Infantry Divisions and the 1st Armored Division, less Combat Command B, will restore its forward positions and prepare then for defense. General Clark's notes for the 22nd and 23rd are as follows: "Visited the beachhead on the 22nd and 23rd, going up by PT boat and returning by destroyer after PT 1 s found weather was too rough to negotiate. "Took Generals Saville, Hays, Hawkins and Craigie in order to see firsthand air conditions and to discuss with VI Corps their problems. Also took up Colonel Ma.ck, who will stay with VI Corps and advise them more fully on air ��matters. ''Visited all units and talked with all commanders. Personally went to Darby's Headquarters of the 179th Infantry. I continued to be disappointed with the follow-up by VI Corps of work on their final beachhead position. Apparently Lucas thought it had been done, but neither himself nor his subordinates had checked. Am likewise dj_ssatisfied with the coordination of anti-tank means within the corps. I am sending Brigadier General Rufus Ramey, Cavalry, to the VI Corps for that purpose. "Was disappointed with the infiltration which continued to take place through the British units. I am convinced that they have lost a good many men by being cut off, yet they feel quite happy about it and take no steps to strengthen their lines. I brought that to Truscott•s attention, and he had a meeting with Templar to straighten it out. "Upon my arrival, found that Lucas was about to pull the 179th Infantry out and commit the 6th Infantry. I felt that was a mistake and so indicated, but did not direct it. The 6th Infantry, due to a success, has its chin up, is motorized and works with armor handily. It should be kept during these tense times to be used as their counterattack agency. The 179th, in its de• pleted condition and in absorbing some 900 replacements, would not be ready for a counterattack role for ten days to two weeks, whereas, I verified personally with Darby, it can hold its present position with one battalion up and two back. "I discussed with Truscott his taking over from Lucas, for I had told him on my last trip that I would do it when things stabilized a little bit. Truscott thought it best that I leave Lucas there, for it would hurt Lucas' feelings. After hearing Truscott 1 s story and realizing that one motive which might be guiding him was that in the event of a reversal Truscott would prefer to be second in command rather than in command, I then sent for Lucas, having come to the conclusion that I would have to take h:i.m out. I laid a.11 the cards on the table. Told him that Alexander had demanded his release, that General Devers, without talking to me, had visited the VI Corps and had come to me and recommended that Lucas be changed. Both thought that he was tired, mentally and physically, had had too much time in combat and needed a rest. I told Lucas he had done a grand job but that, inasmuch as he was not in mental or physical condition to carry on as well as someone else, my course was clear. It was my duty to take him out; that I would make him my Deputy Army Commander. nr,therefore, directed that the orders be issued appointing Truscott, relieving Lucas and making him my Deputy. Brought Luca.a back with me out of the beachhead the following day. I directed that General Butler be sent as Truscott1s American Deputy - Butler being Truscott 1 s choice. I also sent Colonel Shepard into the beachhead to be second in command of the 3rd Division under 0 1 Daniel. "Visited Templar's Headquarters and discussed the situation with him, also Harmon, Eagles (twice), Penney and 0'Daniel. Pinned the DSC on a Lieutenant Knowlton for heroism in battle - this at the 56th E.,,a.cua.tion Hospital. �105 "After talking with General McLain, I continued to be disturbed on the losses of tanks and anti-tank guns. I am afraid that some of our personnel abandon their equipment unnecessarily, and that, in some cases, it falls, undamaged, into the hands of the enemy. I have sent a radiogram to Truscott to correct this situation. Also, have directed that ammunition dumps be dug in and piles be farther spaced. 11 Following are the Army CoMill8.nder•s notes on today's activities: "General Freyburg visited me this noon and still complains a.bout the a~ount of air which he is to get. We have bent all our energies in arranging for air bombardment of Cassino. I told him I would take no further steps because I have satisfied myself, as had General Alexander, that this is an air matter - they were the experts and were putting enough on it to do the job, in their opinion. General Freyburg is writing me a letter to get it in the record. I have reported this to General Alexander, through General Harding. The more I see of Freyburg the more disgusted I am with his actions. He may be an extremely courageous individual, but he has no brains, has been spoiled, demands everything in sight, and altogeth~r is most difficult to handle." General Clark today dispatched the following cables to General Truscott: RN 3781. "Give me your intentions for strengthening British position just west of Anzio-Albano highway. When do you plan to advance British so as to secure terrain dominating that highway? Keep me advised of situation and your intentions by frequent personal messages." RN 3783. "Your 9291 indicates accumulative loss of 68 tanks. Was told during my last visit that a considerable number of TD 1 s have likewise been lost. Consider these losses hieh in proportion to number of similar enemy co~bat vehicles we have destroyed. Under no conditions should our materiel be abandoned to the enemy without destruction. Please follow up on this matter. General Ramey is expected here wjthin next few days. He will be sent to you as soon as he arrives." '* * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 25, 1944--This morning General Clark went by jeep to the command post of the 4th Indian Division where he called on Brigadier H.K. Dimoline who was in tempora_ command of the di vision during the illness of ry General Tuker. On the road from Route #6 to the 4th Indian Division the General stopped and made a careful examination, through his glasses, of Cassino Monastery Hill and the heights surrounding it which could clearly be seen across the intervening flat ground. The General also stopped at the New Zealand Corps Headquarters and had a talk with Spadger about the attack of his corps on Cassino which is still held up because the weather has prevented the all-out bombing of the town which Spadger considers essential. A further dif• ficulty arises out of the fact that if the bombing of Cassino occurs it may be necessary to withdraw from the town the American troops which have occupied a third of it after a bitter and protracted battle. Once the bombardment ceases it will not be certain that the Germans will not at least attempt to reoccupy �part of this ground which would thus be vacated. This problem is being studied by the Fifth Army staff and the XII Air Support CO!'IIllAnd staff in an effort to arrange the bombardment so that it will not be necessary to vacate the area. (Note:- The solution of this problem, ultimately decided on, was that as two things can not be in the same place at the same time, the Fifth A:rmy troops would have to be withdrawn from the town before the bombs could be dropped there. To reduce to a minimum the chances of German re-occupation, this withdrawal is to be carried out at the la.st possible moment before the bombardment. This in turn requires some expert weather forecasting, as the actual recurrence of the ombardmcnt must be assured long enough in advance to pr:rmH the distrihution of orders.) At lunch General Clark entertained Generals Spaatz, Cannon, Saville and Lucas. General Cannon, during the meal, made some interesting statements about the air cover over the beachhead. He said that it had diminished from a start of 28 planes continuously in the air du.ring daylight to 8 continuously in the air, and that even this was difficult to maintain, due to the impossibility of using the strip at Nettuno as a base for planes at the present time because of the enemy's artillery fire. General Cannon further said that if at any time Germany was 'nilling to make the sacrifice of planes involved he thought they could accumulate the necessary number and conduct a damaging attack on the port. At the present tj_rne he said that the 8 planes on standing patrol were so much more aggressive than the Germans that they were successfully defending the port against recurring attacks by 20 or 30 planes which they drove off and forced to jettison their bombs . General Eagles, Commanding General of the 45th Division, was hospitalized today as a result of an attack of faintness, and arrang~ments were made to have an electro- cardiograph shipped up to the beachhead to determine whether or not he hns a cardiac condition. In the meantime, General McLain, Artillery Officer of the Division, has been put in temporary command. Important messages of the day are as follows: Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 675 . 11 1 am making strong effort with artillery on front of 56 Division. Have requested cruiser gunfire support. Some delay owing to mines . Please do what you can to expedite ava.ilability of cruiser for this purpose." Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 678. "Principal enemy activity yesterday against 2/6 Queens , London Scots , in front of 56 Division. 2/6 Queens beat off strong attack late yesterday. 1 Advanced Company London Scots at 845507 driven out by surprise attack. Ternplar has ordered brigade commander to reestablish situation today. Enemy patrols active on remainder 56 Division front . Need for British replacements immediate action, relief of Irish Guards by 1st Division accomplished, DVIR reached 858298, Penney has laid on aggressive patrols in that area . Remainder of front relatively quiet except for 1ntermittent heavy shelling of front line areas , especially on British front and in �vicinity of Carano. Enemy air active during night 2300 to 0100, dropping AP bombs on forward troop areas 1st British Division and 1st Armored Division. Casualties reported slight. Am attaching RCN Bn, 1st Armored Division to Frederick on Harmon's recomnendation. Will withdraw remnant 2nd Bn., 157th to rear area for 2 or 3 days to absorb replacements. 11 Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 174. 11 Reference your 3789, Keiser desires to accompany Lucas. He does not desire to remain with me on same status as Butler. States that he would prefer to start elsewhere. Suggest you relieve him from assignment to VI Corps at once. Colonel D. H. Galloway also desires to accompany Lucas. I would be glad to have him as Deputy Chtef of Staff, but there is some embarrassment since he is the oldest staff officer with VI Corps in point of service. I believe Galloway has deteriorated physically and recommend his return to the United States as soon as possible. Suggest that he remains here for another week." Personal Clark to Truscott. RN 3412. "Instructions issued by ACMF direct me to have 24 Guards Brigade return to Naples area by March 2nd unless another full scale enemy attack is launched on the bridgehead before the Brigade leaves, in which case they may be retained in reserve until the attack has been repulsed but not longer. Let me have your comments as to effect of this withdrawal. Also those of the appropriate British Commanders. Do not move the Guards Brigade until specific instructions are issued by me." Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 680. "Eagles yesterday had an attack of faintness and a physical examination at 56 Evacuation Hospital indic8ted low blood pressure. Surgeon recommends thPt he go to Naples for electrocardiograph to determine if condition due to cardiac condition. Can you send a plane here for him? 11 General Clark replied to the above cable, advising that he would send a medical officer and an electro-cardiograph up to Anzio to examine General Eagles. Clark to Truscott. RN 3420. "In view of enemy's present defensive attitude you should plan limited objective attack to retake all or part of salient north of 29 grid and between Anzio-Albano highway and 92 grid. This should be done before enemy has adcUtional time to prepare defenses. What are your intentions and capabilities along this line?" Clark to Truscott. RN 3421. "Orders issued this date relj eving Brigadier General Laurence B. Keiser from assignment to Headquarters VI Corps and assigning him to Headquarters Fifth Army. Instruct him to proceed without delay. 11 Personal to Truscott from Clark. RN 3422. "Orders nre being issued today assigning Keiser to this Headquarters. I desire that you retain Galloway since I do not have an appropriate assignment for him now." Clark to Truscott. RN 3423. "One American cruiser will be on hand morning ?6th to furnish gunfire support. Time when it ecm start firing will depend on clearing of mines. Your naval liaison officer will be able to give you the hour. Navy here has suggested that you may be able to utilize ( �lo8 Navy radar in locating hostile batteries firing on harbor . discuss w1-th naval liaison officer." Suggest you HQ ACMF to Fifth Arrrry and Eighth Army . RN 914. "Reference 48/G(OFS) dated 22 February. In confirnation of t1'1ephone conversation, CINC's meeting will take place at this HQ. at 1100 hours on 28 February. Lunch will be provided as it may be necessary to continue the meeting in the afternoon. Please notify number of staff officers accompanying Army Commanders . " Personal Clark to Devers . RN 3397. "Because of lack of replacements rl'!organization and return to combat of 34th and 36th Divisions will be delayed . At present there are no effective infantry replacements on hand, all available in l ersonnel Center i/6 having been sbipped to beachhead ~ncluding approximately 1400 infantry arriv"d 20 Februe.ry. Approximately 1600 new replacements are expected any day but will probably all be needed for beach~ head divisions whose total infantry deficiency was 660 as of 22 February. Expected to arrive Naples from 2 J\:'arch are shipments totalling 3877 U. S. general assignment replacements and 4518 specific assignment personnel. It is improbable that these replacements will be enough to fill up infantry deficiencies of 2581 in 34th Division and 3722 in J6th Division as of February 21. Furthermore very important for these divisions to receive their replacements at once in order to give theM maxinnnn training with units . To expedite arrival and increase number of infantry replacements in immediate future shall appreciate any assistance you can give . " Personal Alexander to Clark. RN 918 . 11 My staff have issued orders that 24 Gds Bde is to be withdrawn from the bridgehead so as to reach the Nocera area at about the same time as 201 Gds Bde . I am told that your staff rave expressed doubts about the practicability of releasing 24 Gds Bde at present . It was however arranged that 18 Infantry Brigade should rel.ieve 24 Gds Bde and it is essential to reorganize 24 and 201 Gds Bde into 1 brigade with adequate reinforcements without any further delay. I must therefore insist that all arrangements are made for 24 Gds Bde to join 201 Gds Bde in the Nocera e.rea by 2 A-arch at the latest unless another full scale enemy attack is launched on the bridgehead before 24 Gds Bde leaves in which case they may be retained in reserve in the bridgehead unMl the attack has been repulsed but not longer . I should be glad to know that these arrangements have been made . " * * * PRESENZANO- -FEBRU.ARY 26, 1944- -General Clark remained at his command post today engaged in administrative work. He received a call from Major Blom, of the Fifth Army CIC , who brought a report about the use of the Abbey at Monte Cassino . The substance of the report was that the Abbey was not used in a military way by the Germans . This justifies the position taken by General Clark with respect to the bombardment , as contrasted to that of the British. Today the command post of the II Corps was moved to a point just west of Raviscanina. The 34th and 36th Division command rosts will be in the immediate vicinity, and the II Corps will thus have An opportunity to rest and ref:i.t. General Lucas and his aides , Major Renne and Captain Eyston arrjved at �C �the Fifth Army command post today, where General Lucas is taking over the duties of Deputy Army Commander. General Lucas has been established in a caravan with tents for his aic•es and staff near the Chief of Sta.ff area. Late in the afternoon General Clark left by car for Caserta where he picked up Colonel Sullivan and then departed for Naples where he dined with Brigadier General Edgar Erskine Hume, recently promoted from the rank of Colonel. General Hume today presented General Clark with the personal flag of Mussolini, flovm only when the Duce was present. This particular fanion was picked up in Sardinia and given to General HUMe, who made a present of jt to the Army Commander. General Clark's notes for toda.y 1 s activities follow: "Evidence continues to accumulate that Admiral Cunningham and his Navy ; are in no way cooperating with me. He does not come direct to me but insinuates to everyone he sees that he has been hoaxed into the position which makes it necessary for him to maint8in my forces in the Anzio bridgehead. He not only does not cooperate in the supply set-up but with his naval gunfire. He imposes so many restrictions and makes it so difficult, that it is easier, in most cases, to do without his naval gunfire support than to accept the restrictions he imposes. He continually screams about gunfire in the harbor, knowing full well that there is nothing that can be done on this situation that is not already being done. With reference to supplies, he has set an arbitrary limit of 2500 tons per day, which not only is not suffjcient to maintain my forces but thereby precludes the essential build-up for any counter-offensive. e~ I'-'( ~ ~ ~c.t... ff" ' \ c~ .J..-h- ~ ...er. M", ) "I have received the following letter from Alexander which Robertson, who is in complete cahoots with Cunningham, has prepared: 1. The situation at ANZIO has developed in a manner very different from that originally conceived when the operation was planned. Instead of maintaining there a force of 2 - 3 divisions for a limited time until junction with our main forces could be made, we are now committed to the maintenance of a force equivalent to 5 divisions for an indefinite period. 1 2. This throws a heavy strain on our naval resources. C-in-C Mediterranean has, however, said that the Navies can, though not easily, sustain the force in the bridgehead for some time longer at an average rate of 2,500 tons per day, unless sor1e major disaster in the harbour or great increase in casualties among craft occurs. 1 '3. I feel it necessary to emphasize, firstly, that we must do everything possible to lighten the Navies ' task, secondly, that we must economize our resources in order to conserve them for the essential task of driving the enemy back. 4. With these objects in view I ask you to take all possible steps in the following directions:1 (a) The strict control of ammunition expenditure to enable us to build up ample reserves for the renewal of th~ offensive. If the enemy attacks us, �l ID heavy artill ery fir e must of cours e be brought down to stop him , but at other \ time s every r o1md expended should pay a dividend in proportion to the investment which it represents . (b) Grent care in the lay- out of dUr1ps of all kinds to minimize damage from bombing and shellfire . (c) Cl ose supervision of forward dumps to prevent loss of ammrmition or stores by hostile raiding parties or local successes . (d) An austere standard of living among the troops in order to d:l.spense with many accessories , such as laundries , canteens etc ., which we normally consider proper and necessary to provide . (e) Rigid check on pilfering and all forms of waste. (f) Full use of all means made available by the Navies for getting additional stores into the bridgehead, including the use of LCI's for the trans port of stores . ' 5. I am confident that the troops will accept these measures cheerfully if the reasons for them are explained to them.' 11 I hB:ve replied as follows : 1. Reference is made to your letter dated 23 February 1944, subject , "Maintenance ' SHINGLE ' " • As directed in paragraph 4, thereof , steps have been taken to eliminate non- essentials from maintenance tonnages , to keep ammunition expenditures to the minimum consistent with tactical needs, to :insure maximwn dispersion and supervision of dumps in order to minimize losses due to enemy action , and to dispense with accessories normally considered proper and necess ary for the col"tfort and well- being of troops . 1 2. The need for limiting maintenance to essential supplies has been recognized by r1e froM the beginning of Operation "SHINGLE" , and wherever it has been found that reductions or elim~nations could be made in quantiti~s and types of supplies I have ordered this done . I shall continue to give this matter my personal attent ion. 1 1 3. After making such reductions and el iminations in maintenance asappear to be desiral1 at this time , I found that the daily maintenance requirele ments of the beachhead force (British and American) amount to 2700 long tons and that over 50% of this tonnage is amr.nmition. Thjs is based upon operations to date . Since it is planned to launch offensive operations from this area as soon as possible it is necessary to build up a reserve of supplies \ for this purpose . I feel that this reserve should be not less th,-,n 20 days . The building up of such a r~serve is nov1 underway, and for the next six weeks it will be necessary to put into the beachhead area 3750 long t ons of supplies da ily to maintain the force there and to provide the reserve I consider essen- \ tial for planned offensive operations . \ 4. The attached analysis of the ATfZIO beachhead supply requirements v,as prepared at my direction and was discussed hy General Tate , Fifth Army G- 4, 1 �Il I with General Robertson and navy represent atives on 18 February. (See anal ys is in General Clark ' s SHIN'GLE file) . TM.s analysis shons that if we are to ma.inta in the force now in the beachhead and be pre pa.red to launch an off en\ sive , the tonnage discharged da i ly m ust be increased considerably beyond t he 2500 tons r efer red t o in paragraph 2 of your letter . ' 5. Commander- in- Chief , r~editerranean recently suggested the use of LCI's as a means of increasing the daily tonnage into ANZIO. Thi s type of craft is now being used in shuttle service between NAPLES a.nil the beachhead, and we are using 10 to supplement the LCT 1 s in unloading cargo ships at Anzio . We are prepared to employ 10 LCI I s daily in the NAPLES -ANZIO supply shuttle service if the 'N'avy can make this number available . This will increase our tonnage input by 400 tons daily during periods of good weather . •6. In order that I may continue to supply the forces at ANZIO and also provide the buildup of supplies required to support planned offenoive action, I feel that the means must be provided to place the requisite tonnages ashore . I ask your support and assistance in accomplisMne this end. Should operations in the near future consume less supplies , requirements for maintenance will be revised dovmward. 1 nr have exercised great restraint in not taking a swing in writing officially at the Adniral, but hate to cause any more friction which would hinder the war effort . "Cunningham acts as a completely independent agency. He knows no laws from any higher a.uthority. Apparently the GING , General Vrilson, vrill not go against his will under any conditions . This situPtion emphasizes the need for unity of command , which is impossible under the British system of complete independence of the Air Corps , Navy and Army. "The replacement system for British troops in the bridgehead is bad. have sent the following radiogram: I 'Personal to Alexander from Clark. RN 3409. 11 Fresent reinforcement deficiencies for British units in beachhead excl uding guards are 26oO. Only 450 reinforcements are on hand, and it is my understanding that only 700 vvill be available each week for all British units in Fifth Army. If present wastage rates continue the strengths of the British 1 )eachhead units will continue to decrease even considering receipt of 700 replacements weekly. "General Truscott reports that the depleted strengths of British battalions has reduced materi~lly the defensive strengths of the two British divisions and greatly reduces the offensive value of these divisions . My own observations confirm his estimate . The v,eakness of these units is causing me considerable concern. I urgently request that you do everything possible to bring the Anzio units to full strength without delay" "There is a delay in the American replacements , and I have sent the follow ing radiogram to Devers . Personal Clark to Devers . RH 3397. 'Because of lack of replacements reorganization and return to combat of 34th and 36th Divisions will be delayed. �I lJ.. At present there are no effective infantry replacements on hend , all available in rersonnel Center No . 6 having been shipped to beachhead including approx:i.mately 1400 infantry arrived 20 February. Approximately 1600 new replacements are expected any day but will probably all be needed for beachhead divisions whose total infantry defici~ncy was 66o as of 22 February. Expected to _arrive Naples from 2 March are shipments totalling 3877 U.S. general assign~ent replacements and 4518 specific assignment personnel. It is improbable that these replacements will be enough to fill up infantry deficiencies of 2581 in 34th Division and 3722 in 36th Division as of February 21. Furthermore very important for these divisions to receive their replacement s at once in order to give them maximum training with units . To expedite arrival and increase number of infantry replacements in immediate future shall appreciate any assistance you can give.' 7 I "I am to attend a rn"'eting on the 28th with Alexander to discuss reorganization. It brings the Eighth Army into this area north of the Liri Valley and puts the Fifth Army into the bridgehead area; the Fifth Army to be composed of all Americans and French. I am willing to accept any tactical role for the Fifth Army if I can get all Americans and French consolidated jnto my Army, allowing British, New Zealanders , Indians, etc ., to go to the Eighth Army where they can be better handled . " General Clark dictated the following memorandum to his Chief of Staff today with regard to the proposed reorganization: "Returned herewith are th~ pap1'rs on the reorganization. Please screen the requests from the various staff sections for additional troops and give me your recommendations . Also , have G- 3 prepare a letter to GOC , ACTuF stating that I have studied his plan, am in favor of it , list items upon which I need decisions , list the additional troops which I need from NATOUSA , both French and U. S., and finally state my requirem~nts for 12 LSTS for a given period. "Also, in my opening concurrence paragraph you might state that I can see my w cl ear to relieve only one British Division jn the bridgehead by ay U. S., giving as a reason inadequate number of U. S. Divisions, together with the casualty rate in the bridgehead and our difficulty with replacements similar to theirs . " Personal to Alexander from Clark. RN 3838. "In my 3409 to you I stated reinforcement deficiencies for first and 56th Divisions as 2600. That figure was in error and should have read 36oO. Deficiency is now increased to 4100 with shortage of 3100 in 56 Division and 1000 in 1st Division. DP-ficiency of Guards Brigade has not been included in above figures . " Personal to Truscott from Clark. RN 3839. "Information here indicates deficiency 3100 men in 56 Division and 1000 in 1st Division. What is your estimate of present combat effici~ncy of 56 Division? I share your concern over British replacement situation , and I am doj_ng everything possible to solve it . 1000 American replacements arrived here today. Infantry portion will be shipped to you on 28th . " Truscott to Clark. RN 704. "I believe enemy's present defensive attitude �\l 3 covers regrouping for final blow against bridgehead. I do not have capabi- ·) lities for immediate attack to reduce salient on account of weak strength of infantry battalions. 56 Division are inadequate to hold present front and cannot stop determined infiltration. Regrouping in progress in 1st Division. Will make 2nd Brigade available by 29 February unless something unforeseen interferes. Depleted battalions of 157 and 179 should be in be+ter condition by that time. Have directed 1st Division to advance Links tonight to vicinity of M-28 on Anzio road to permit moving anti-tank guns forward to control the road. Will launch limited objective attack as outlined in my messages yesterday as soon as the situation permits. Meanwhile I run making every effort to improve defensive organization. 11 Truscott to Clark. RN 703. "Reference your 3412. Everly, Penney and Templar believe 24 Guards Brigade should be relieved because further operations will result in loss of key personnel who cannot be replaced. In my opinion this brigade is so weak as to have little value for any oth~r than stop gap purposes. Brigade Commn.nder hns received orders direct concerning his relief. British units, particularly 56 Division, are so reduced in strength that the loss of this brigade will of course be felt. I believe we can expect entire 56 Division to be in similar state very soon unless drastic measures are taken with regard to replacement. There is an urgent need for a full brigade group or American infantry regiment immediately." * * PRESEUZANO--FEBRUARY 27, 1944--Early today General Clark received a cvll from Brigadier Stayner who had come to replace Colonel Jones in performing the G-/+- work in the British Increment. Thereafter, General Seville called to discuss with General Clark the question of air support of rending operations. General Clark then received a call from Brigadier General Clarkson, Inspector General of NATOUSA, who had been directed to investigate an alleged order made by Brigadier General Wilbur of the 36th Division that the troops of that division crossing the Rapido should go over with weapons unloaded and with only 25 rounds carried on their persons . General Clark is having the matter looked into. General Clark next received visits from Brigadier Generals Bronn and Ramey who had been newly assigned to Fifth Army. General Ramey is being sent to the bridgehead as anti-tank officer, VI Corps. Genl'lral Brovrr is to be assigned to the 88th Division. At 1645 General Giraud arrived at the command post for a call on General Clark. The General went into the hut with General Giraud and, using Lt. Col. Sutherland as his interpreter, discussed operations on the whole front with partjcular reference to employment of the French. General Clark said to General Giraud that he would speak frankly with him but requested him to receive whatever General Clark said in complete confidence. General Clark said that he felt that the attack of the French Corps should be directed on Atina. General Giraud said that that was clearly the proper course. General Clark said that he had so recommendl'!d but that the British High Cornnand, which had the last word in such matters, had insisted on an attack for objectives farther south; namely, Terelle and Roccasecca. General Clark said he disagreed with this employment but had been ordered by General Alexander to follow it. �\ l L\ / General Giraud said that he too felt that this was a bad mistake . General Giraud spoke of the urgency of an attack on the Germans in France this year . The French have been holding up their spirit during the occupation , but they are weakening. General Clark said he quite understood their predicament . He asked General Giraud if he knew of ANVIL and who had been slated to command it . General Giraud grinned and said "Yes" . "Then" , said General Clark, "You will realize not only my understanding of the need for such a move , but also of its difficulty and of the considerations which might prevent it . " Shortly after 1700 General Clark called together his principal staff officers , including Generals Gruenther , Lucas , Brann, Tate and Colonel Howard , Brigadier Richardson and Brigadier Stayner . A conference was held by all concerned about the subject matter of the meeting at General Alexander ' s Headquarters at Caserta tomorrow·. The proposal in question involves a shortening of the Fifth Army front to that now occupied by the 10 Corps and a side-slip to the left of the Eiehth Army to take over the intervening area . This also involves the relief of British units from the Fifth Army so that the Fifth Army will ultimately be conposed of Americans and French only. After dinner this evening, General Clark invited a few of his staff section chiefs to the recreation hut to see a movie shovm by tht'! Special Service Section. Colonel Howard today dispatched the following cable to Lt. Col. Wells, G-2 at the Fifth Army Advance Command Post at Anzio : "Following message from Colonel DeMa.rco : Very ureent fron B. L. Z. 27 Feb . L~4, 0940- M 77 fror1 A. On night of 27th or thereafter , an attack attempt on C. P. of ALEXAlIDER ~nd CLARK, as well as nearby workshop . The agents will land from sea near C. P. Agent with cut hand is our confidence man. At the time the blow is effected and the mjnes, which shall have been laid are exploded , a very violent German attack may be unleashed . In case of failure , Germans may withdraw to defend COLLE LAZIALE . 11 The following nre the important messages of the day: Personal Clark to Alexander. RN 3460 . "General Truscott reported to me last night that the strength of 56 Division is inadequa.te to hold present front and to prevent determined infiltration. He is attempting to compensate for this weakness by regrouping within 1st Division in order to make 2nd Brigade available . Truscott believes that 56 Division r ill be almost completely ineffective if reinforcements are not received in the immediate future . I realize fully that you are doing everything possible to procure reinforcements for this division but again I must invite your attention to the fact that I consider the situation so serious that drastic action must be taken without delay." Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 723 . "I do not believe tha.t exchange of 5 Division would be able to do little more than relieve the 56th Division. I need infantry djvision strong enough to relieve 56th Division and 36th Engineers and consolidate that front . When this has been accoriplished , 56th Division must be withdrawn and refitted here or in Naples . Your suggestion to return them by LCI seems workable 56 Division for 5 Division would solve rroblel"l here . �l 15 if other troops not available. Hov1ever, consider American Division with its higher infantry strl'lngth preferable." Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 722. "Reference your radio 3839 deficiencies infantry and artillery British divisions as of 26 February: 1st Division (less 13 Brigade) 2486; 56 Division 2520. Great bulk these deficiencies in fighting i"lfantry soldier. In the case of 56 Division each battalion consists of not more than two very weak companies, mostly replacements. Few have any experienced junior officers and NC0 1 s remaining estimate present infantry combat efficiency 56 Division at approximately 25%." Clark to Truscott. RN 3863. "In view of another possible strong attack developing from north, can eastern part of 3rd Division sector and 504 Para Regiment and SSF sectors be lightened so as to make ndditional resources available to you to meet such an attack?" Yesterday the Arm:l Command.er received the following cable from Adriiral Horse, Flag Officer of Western Italy: Nrt:J. "Am so very sorry that the weather has broken to add to your worries. However, the book says 'Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth 111 • Today the Army Commander replied to Admiral Morse as follows: RN 3461. "Thanks for your kind thoughts. Chastening already ample. Surely tir~e has come to spare the rod. 11 From CG, NATOUSA to CG FIFTH ARLfI. RN 57059. "Your situation fully understood. An effort is being made to forward replacements as fnst as received. Reurad 3397 Feb. 25 earliest arrival dates DUKO of infantry replacements in nunbers needed is 1\TS'F 17 on 14 March with anticipated 120 officers, 5221 enlisted and UGS-34 on 18 March with 150 officers, 3500 enlisted. Further information our 56572 Feb 24 refer. 11 * * FRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 28, 1944--Barly in the morning General Clark recorded a message to the Red Cross to be used in connection with the current drive. The 'lffiC made an exception to their usual rule and broadcast this recording over its full network February 29th. Shortly thereafter the General, with Generals Gruenther, Brann, Tate, Saville and Brigadiers Richardson and Stayner, left for Caserta by car where they conferred for sev~ral hours with General Alexander and his staff officers concerning the re-erouping of the Allied forces in Italy. General Clark's coMm~nts regarding this conference are as follows: "General Alexander called a conference today of General Leese and myself, members of our staff, his staff, General Cannon and some of his staff. The purpose was to discuss the reorganization of the two armies. Briefly, to get the Fifth Army with American and French troops and the Eighth Army with all the British. I have welcomed such a move for a long time a.nd have advocated it. It puts the Fifth Army on the south, or coastal flank, including the beachhead. It is going to take sore time to execute because of lack of decision from AFHQ on additional troops. In other vJOrds, it may result in more command of fewer troops. However, anything that will divest me of the terri- �l If> fie responsibilities v1hich I have had in trying to command McCreery' s Corps and Freyburg ' s Gorps will be welcor'le to me . ''Following is quoted a memorandum which I took to the conference and which I delivered verbally to the assembled group: 'l. Troops in the bridgehead are depleted Pnd need to be built up to The depletion occurs almost entirely in British elements . effective strength to maintain their present position . 1 2. General Truscot t reports that the 56th Division is unable to hold its present position at its present strength, to say nothing of having any offensive power . 5th Division , at full strength, must be moved to the bridgehead to 1st brigade must start by 1tJ!arch 3rd or 4th at the latest . 1 3. relieve the 56th Division immediately. come . '4. 24th Guards Brigade must remain in the bridgehead for some time to It should be built up to effective strength there . ' 5. Infantry reinforcements must be taken from the 56th Division to fill up the 1st Division before the 56th Division returns to the Naples area . 1 6. I have been directed repeatedly by General Alexander to retake Carroceto and Cisterna . In his agenda for today ' s meeting one of the immediate steps is to take these two points. This will require a major offensive operation by the VI Corps which it is totally incapable of doing with its present strength or even if present units in the bridgehead were brought up to T/O strength. Troops are tired and fresh units must be moved in and an additional division provided for the offensive action. The 34th Division is the only division in sight to be moved up . I will direct that it coI'1l"lence moving by combat team with the target date of the 1st CT , March 15th. It is badly in need of replacements which do not arrive in this area for several days . 1 7. ACfr~ and the Navy must accept this additional responsibility and whole-heartedly support present troops in the bridgehead at full strength, plus an additional U. s. Infantry Division. Craft to maintain this increased force and to move the additional division commencing t~rch 15th must be assembled at once . Some additional LSTS , probably 2 per day, will be required to build up in advance some maintenance supplies to take care of the 34th Division. 1 8. With respect to reorganization on this front , I am ready to proceed with General Alexander ' s plan immediately, relieving the 5th Division at once by the 8Sth. I will continue my efforts on Cassino and to get a bridgehead across the Rapido . The start of the relief of the French should commence without deThy. II Corps Headquarters is available to take over from 10 Corps Headquarters at such time as that may seem desirable . In the meantime, 88 Division to come under the orders of 10 Corps . If any continuity is to be provided U. s. troops on its new Minturno front and to provide a division to relieve tired units in the bridgehead, the 85th U. S. Division must be dispatched here imnedfately. 1 �"I made it extremely plain that I must have more whole-hearted support from the Navy and ACMF in maintaining the present f orce, in laying in reserve supplies and in building up for another division. I told Alexander that his thought of offensive action was entirely out of the auestion until tired troops had been reinforced, brought up to strength and one new division put in. "I would like to put in the 88th now but ar,1 tmable to do so because of lack of craft to make the move. tty only solution, therefore, is to put in the 5th British Division at full strength without equipment to relieve the depleted personnel of the 56th Division. As soon as craft is assembled, and I have made the demand for it, I will send more troops in. 11 1 am rather disturbed at the whining attitude of Truscott' s radios. He knows full well that I fully appreciate the situation. I believe he is trying to put it all on the record. When I see him, in a day or two, I will jnform him that he need not do that, for I accept full responsibility. 7 ,, 1 11 The question of air support of the two armjes came up at the meeting, in which I djsagrMd with Cannon's solution. Leese concurred witb me. \le will have further discussions. "General Giraud called on me a couple of days ago a.nd is quite perturbed over the situation. He feels that if we are not successful in the bridgehead it means no attack in southern France. I quite agree. He feels there must be an attnck in southern France soon or else all hope of rescue by the French 1 people will have been lost. He decried my calling off · the attack of the French ( Corps on Atina. I likewise regret it, and it was only done on the direct orders of General Alexander over my protest. I have always felt that an attack in the J direction of Atina would outflank the Cassino position." Following that gathering, General Clark returned to his command post where he met Major General John E. Hull of the Operations Division, War Department. General Clark conferred with General Hull 1n his van for some time. General Hull spent the night. General Clark today received the following cable fron General Truscott: RN 750. "Situation on front of 56 Division critical because weak strength of units render them unable to stop enemy infiltration and loss of ground little by little. The condition is a natter of grave concern to Generals Evelegh and Templer as well as myself. While I consider the situation critical, I cannot alleviate it without grave risk entailed by comr.1 itting the two battalions of the 18 Brigade which is P1y only British reserve. Committing these battalions now would be only a stop gap and would seriously impair my capabilities for counter attack against a major German effort. "Substitution of the 5 Division for the 56 Division v1ill not correct· the condition because the 700 British replacements allocated weekly will not cover the attrition from casualties, and I shall be faced with a similar problem for both divisions within two or three weeks. Therefore, I recol'1!1end that you send one brigade of the 5 Division ~ithout vehicles et once to reinforce the 56 Division in the present critical situation. Instead of sending the remainder of the 5 Division, I recomnend sendj_ng the 88 or other full strength American Division at the earliest possible time, for the following reasons: (1) American �\ 18 units are larger and capable of longer sustained effort without replace~ents; (2) Our replacement situation, while bad itself, is still better than the British; (3) On that section of the front the crying need is more men; (4) Unless such a solution is adopted, I see little hope for collecting troops for counter attack when the Boche is stopped. Evelegh concurs in these recommendations. This situation is so critical that urgent and immediate action is essontial." 11 In this connection, General Clark replied to General Truscott as follows: RU 5050. "Reference your 750, critical situation in 56 Division is appreciated here. I have represented the situation personally to General Alexander this date, and it r,as been decided that 5th Division at full strength will be sent to you without equipment, 15th Brigade Group leaving here Uarch 4th. 56th Division, as relieved, will be returned without equipment to :lfaples area. You must realize in making your demands for immediate shipment of additional British and American units that availability of craft is the limiting factor. Every effort is being made to increase suprly of craft. 88th Division is not available for you but relieves 5th. Plan to send 34th Division by combat team to you, commending betvreen March 15th and 20th. Delay caused by lack of replacements and necessity for assembling craft for move. Am also recommending that such personnel as is required for replacements be taken from 56th Division to fill up 1st Division. It is essential that you impress General Templer vd th the absolute necessity of holding his ground in the event of an attack in his sector. Am planning, if weath~r rermits, all out air effort in your sector j;~arcli 1st. Please assist us by submitting suitable targets. Guards Brigade remains with you until after 1st Brigade Group of 56th Division has been relieved. Details later." The Army Cornnander sent the following memorandum to General Alexander regarding this situation: "Attached hereto is a copy of a radiogram I have just received from General ':'ruscott and my reply thereto. I failed to take up with you this morning the question of reinforcl'!ments for British increments .in the bridgehead. Prospects for arrival of British reinforcem~nts in this area will not meet the requirements of the VI Corps. I recommend that such personnel as may be urgently required to fill up the 1st British Division be taken from the 56th Division prior to its return to the Naples area. I am assuming that the 5th Division will go to the bridgehead at full strength. Otherwise, additional personnel from the 56th Division should be taken to fill it up also. I realize this is an extraordinary measure, but if British reinforcements are not available from other sources, the drastic steps reconm ended above should, in my opinion, be taken. Gen. Truscott fMls, and I concur, that British units in the bridgehead must be maintained at full strength. "I hope my position with respect to added craft for maintenance requirements and for the movement of 34th Division to the bridgehead beginning on or about Harch 15th have been cleared with the Navy." General Clark today received a copy of a cable from General Alexander to General Hilson, the complete text of which is quoted below: RU DCAO 202. 11 I have had full discussion on tactical and maintenance position at Anzio with �Clark and his staff this morning. Daily maintenance requirements of troops at present in Anzio beachhead are 2700 TFD. I am satisfied that this figure is approximately correct. CINC MED is unable to assure me a higher average discharge than 2500 TFD although actual discharges to date have averaged slightly { more than 3000 TPD. Reserves at Anzio now are not adequate for defence security if present arrangements are not substantially improved there is no chance of increasing these reserves to the point vrhere we can rass to the offensive and gain the extra ground the importance of which you have so correctly emphasized. To avoid collapse of present front must relieve immediately one tired division by a fresh one. To conduct an offensive successfully General Clark considers that he must put one extra division into the beachhead. I consider therefore that we must face the fact that our average daily discharge must be raised as quickly as possible to 3200 TfD for maintenance plus 800 TfD to build up reserves total 4000 TPD plus additional draft lifts for troop movements mentioned above. To put in the extra division alone will require 39 LST lifts during last two wMks of Parch. Discharge at the higher rate of 4000 TfD must start ten clear days before the extra division goes into effect necessary improvenent in present weak reserve position. Hovr these things are to be done is not for me to say, but I am sure that they are necessary. Nothing I suggest could be worse for OVERLORD than a catastrophe at Anzio." * * FRESENZANO--FER:1.UARY 29, 1944--This morning there arrived Gener111 H. D. Cri ttenberger, Colonel Ladue, J'.'ajor Lodge, r.73.jor Collins and Lieutenant Case, newly assigned to Fifth Army. After a conference with General Crittenberger in his van, General Clark met the other officers at the hut, and General Cr5ttenberger returned to Caserta with the plan of going to II Corps tomorrov,. General Clark remained at his command rost during the balance of the day, receiving his staff officers and going over dispatches. At dinner tirrte news arrjved that the enemy had opened an attack on the positions held by the 509th Parachute Battalion. General Clark personally went over tto air targets for the succeeding day with Lt. Col. Hare of his Air Suprort Control Section and kept General Hull, General Brann and Colonel Hare with him for dinner. In the evening the General sent for Lieutenant Devol, Hho commands his two PT boats, and discussed with him the arrangen"'nts for a proposed trip to Anzio tomorrow. General Clark 1 s notos on the day's activities follow: "The Boche attacked today on the 3rd Division front. Although sorie small penetrations have been mad~, from the information I have received to date the situation is in hand. "Word has been received that heavy and continuous shelling of tLe port area has continued all day, with the result that two ISTS receiv~d direct hits, killing my Captain Haverty of the Medical Corps \'Tho was handling th~ evacuation there. As a result of this shelling the Navy has again issued high-handed orders w:i.thout reference to the Army. These include: ~- No trucks to be loaded on top decks of LSTS, which will seriously curtail our maintenance of supplies. E• Discontinuing the evacuation of wounded by LST. I am asking the Surgeon what this will amount �to . I mention this to Admiral Cunningham and their shipping vrHhout upon the grom1d battle illustrate again the high-handed methods pursued by his subordinPtes . They take drastic action to protect giv5ng the least thought to the results of such action in the bridgehead . "Another example of lack of Navy cooperation arose when I had notice given to the Navy that I would be flying by cub on a prescribed route to the bridgehead tomorrow , requesting that shipping be notified ecause yesterday one of our destroyers , without provocation, fired on our courier cub . Although three officers in the Navy Department were told that I was flying in the plane , they have all replied that planes must keep their distance or be fired upon . 11 Due to my pre-occupation with the Italian cnmpaign , I have received word that I am relieved of all further responsibility for the operation or ) planning of ANVIL. This is a great relief to me , for I have no tine to give any thought to any other subject except the battle of the l'idgehead . Quoted below are the jnstructions on this subJect : 1 1. The Italian campaign has assumt'!d such importance that tl'e Commandern-Ghief is loathe to risk a change in Cor1manders of Fifth Army either now or in the near future . j 1 2. Fir directives from the Col"lbj ned Chiefs Your responsibilities on the added resronsibility perv.i.sed from now on . concerning Operation ANVIL have now been received of Staff which require immediate implemi"lntation. the Italian mainland are too grave to burden you with for continued ANVIL planning which must be closely su- 1 3. For these reasons decision has been reached by Genera]. Wilson and concurred in by General Devers , that you shall remain in command of Fifth Army and be reliev~d of responsibility for the Seventh Army and ANVIL planning effective this date . Hence the instructions forwarded you y cable and letter 1 January on this subject are revoked . 1 11 c/s , General Clark today received the following letter from General Harding, ACMF : "In reply to your memorandum dated 28 February 1944 addressed to the C-in- C personally, I am directed by the C-in- C to inform you that after the nost careful consideration of all the factors involved , he cannot in any circumstances agree to the transfer of personnel from 56 Division to replace deficiencies in 5 Division or 1 Division. · "Every effort will be made to · make and keep 1 and 5 Divisions up to a strength of 26 officers and 700 0.Rs per infantry battalion, but the transfer of personnel from one division to anoth~r , especially in the circumstances which exist in this case , is rightly or wrongly contrary to all the principles on which the British Army is trained and j nspirea·, and would certainly lead to the most serious loss of morale , if not to disastrous results . "The C-in-C considers that the remedy lies in the rapid replacement of 56 Division by 5 Division , and the rearrangement ,. if necessary, of the 6 Corps �front so that the tasks of the two Dritish divisions are as nearly as practicable related to the s·'-.rength at which they can be maintnined with the flow of reinforcements available . "In this connection will you please forward for the information o~ the C- in-C your programme for the r1ove of 5 Division to the bridgehead, and for the return of 56 Division and 24 Guards Brigade. "As regnrds additional craft , the C- in-C has taktm the question up as a matter of the utmost urgency with the Supreme Allied Cornnander and the C- in-C Mediterranean. Authority has been obtained for the I.STs due to leave NAFI.ES today to b~ held for the moment , and the question of their further retention has been taken up by the Supreme Allied Corniander with C- in- C Mediterranean today, and you will be kept informed of the situation. In the meantime the C- in-C directs me to emphasise the vital importance of ensuring that not one man , or vehicle , or pound of stores is put into the bridgehead that does not make a direct contribution to its security. I am to ask you to continue to give this a spect of the matter your closest personal attention. 11 Following are the important messages of the day: Personal Clark to Truscott: RN 7509 . "Medical reports show alarming inEvery effort must be mnde to stop this waste of manpower . Assure yourself thPt existing instructions for prevention of trench foot are being complied with . " crease in trench foot in 3rd and 45th Divisions . Personal Clark to Truscott: RN 753() . "To support you this afternoon, started 3 sn_uadrons of fighter bombers at about 1300 hours to support you in your defense against the attack on tht'l front of the 509th. Leading brigade 5th Division scheduled to leave here Harch 4th. Fastest it can be done. What is status of 24 Guards Brigade? Of course it is available to you for combat and will not be withdrawn until my further orders . What is status of 157 and 179 Regiments? I feel confident of your ability to stop this attack with heavy losses to the enemy. Vlill see you soon . ETA later. All out air attack your front being planned for tomorrow if weather permits . " Personal Clark to Bowman. RN 7539 . "I expect to arrive with 2 cubs Nett.::::-J airfield tomorrow morn:i..ng at rbout 0930 . You be at field with jeep from 0915 on. / Fire pyrotechnic signal from middle of field as cubs aprroach if fielri is not operational and I can not land there , in v,hich case will land on a road . Will \ return same afternoon . Weather nay rrevent trip , in which case will notify you. Inform Truscott . Have AA warned of my arrival . Vlill come in low. Acknowledge .__, " Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 775 . "Strong t,nemy atb=icks all along front between 93 and OJ eastings . 3rd Division heavily engaged by entire 362 and Herman Goering Divisions . Elements 715 Division and 1028 R~giment also identified. Intense fighting in progress . TAC/R reports 50 tanks in Cisterna and 20 addi tional tanks entering tmvn . It is most essential thnt heavy air bombardment be placed on this target tonight . " Personal Truscott to Clark. W1 777. 11 I anticipate heavy- enemy air attA.cks tonight ag;:dnst our artillery positions , and the port area . Recommend steps be taken to provide maximum night fighter cover . " �l 22 Personal Clark to Trus cott . RH 7545 . "Reference your 775 a.na 777, maximum night fiF,hter cover will be provided tonight . Two dive oomb bomber squadrons ti.ttacked tanks at Ci sterna this afternoon . Results not yet known . Air advise s against Attack of Cisterna tonight , due to the necessity of using heavy bombs in close proximity to friendl y troops . Roans leading into Cisterna wil l be covered tonight by night bomber s , and all targets in this area covered in t omorrow ' s progran. Am sending you two British Commandos , total strength approximatel y 600 . Hope to get them to you in the next two or three days. They should help . 11 * * * PRESENZANO--MARCH 1, 1941~--Today General Clark remained at · his comriand rost all day. He had jntended to go to the b~achheHd today and made arrangements for transportation by cub . However , the weath ,r deteriorated throughout the morning and by noon it was aprarent that the trip would not be possibl e . Accordingly, General Cl ark directed that the sam"' arrangements for the succeeding day, March 2nd, be made . In the small hours of the morning today there arrived two cables which greatly annoyed General Clark. One numbered 02158 was from Headquarters ACMF t o Fifth Army with a eomplete distribution through the milit8ry ~stablishments in the Mediterranean basin. The other , #605 , came from FRO , ACMF and was directed to the Commanding General , Fifth Army. The first cP.ble , RN 02158, is quoted in full as f ollows : "The formation of Allied Troops now fighting in the A'!IJZIO Bridgehead will he known as the "Allied Brlngeh&nd Force" on order of the Prime Minister WEFQ 0001 hours 2 March, This term will be used in sitreps communiques and tre press . Ho change will take r l ace in normal signE>l address . 11 That rortion of #605 , which is here in question , reads as follows : "As from 0001 hours 2 Maren, formation of Allied troops now fighting in beachhead will be known as "The Allied Beachhead Forces" for all purposes less normal Army s:.gnal aarlress . 11 G~neral Clark discussed these documents at length with General Gru.enther , his Chief of :: ta ".'f , and with General Hull of the Orerations Division of the ,Jar Department , who took lunch with the General . 'T'he General then drafted the fol low.'ng radio to General Alexander covering this su')j,.ct : R J 5117. 11 T-teP""rl'!nce is Made your 02158 and my conver sation with you today. In view of the progr"ss by the Fifth Ar1:1y over a P"riod of six months in developing Allied relations , and of the F'ifth Arny "sprlt vrhich has been built upon a dirficnlt a+.tlefield , I r"quest that the order ot the lr5Me f.i:inister b<!'l riodified to r"'ad "The Fifth Arny Allied Br:'Ldgehead Force" . It is my considerec' opinion that the use of the modified title , espl')cially at this critical thne , will contr:.bute materially to the maint'°'nance of the hj g}, state of r..oral~i of' tbe Jrj tish and Anerican troops of the Fifth Army now in the Anxio bridg..,head . 11 The General feels that this is rart of a steady effort by the British to in-\ crease th~ir rrestiee :in the r·~~di terranl'lan area and to exalt j n the ru.blic nind the part that the British, as contrasted to the Americans , are , rlayjng there . ) �123 At the conference with the CITJC , AC!'F on the 28th, one of the questions arising was the system of air support which would bl"' used when the Eighth Army should side-slip to the left and should j_ ncorporate w~thin itself the British elements jncluded vTithin the Fifth Arny. Gen~ral Clark has had close perso11al and staff relationships with General Eouse and with his successor , General Saville . He has 1mmm the latter since boyhood. Accordingly, Gen6ral Clark feels that it would be desirable to 1-:t"ep the XII Air Support Cornmand with Fifth Army rather than to have it occupy a position in wrich its attention would be divided 1:Jetween the Fifth and :2ighth Armies . A cable from General Leese , Commanding the Eighth Army, to General Harding, of which an information copy was furnjshed General Clark, makes it evident that General Leese heartily agr""es with General Clark 1 s feeling in this matter: RN COS 49. "SASO has re • ported to me the proposals promulgated after the air force meeting which followed the GP.TC I s conferf'!nce . Understand XII ASC would have orerotional control of DAF Squadrons less 239 and 7 wings and that our needs will be met by XII ASC through the medium of a small operatiom1l headquarters DAF attached to our Hq . Regret cannot accept this situation. Must insist that Eighth Army orerations must be supported by DAF under direct command AVM Broadhurst in the same way as Gen. Clark insisted that his operntions must be supported by XII ASC under General SRville . For speclfjc operations of course either air force would give whole- hearted support to the other accordjng to w0ich Army wAs the predominant partner in that phase . Cannot believe tht>t agreement on these lines cannot be reached . Request thnt f~nal decision be postponed until return AVM Broadhurst arproximately March 10th. " General Clark has been greatly concerned with the necessity for frequent reports from the beachhead concerning unloading. Because of his not receiving such reports with satisfactory sp~ed, General Clark dispatched the following radio to Colonel Bowman : RN 5087. "I am not kept rrop~rly foformed on the status of unloading jn the beachhead. General Tnte has sent several messnges calling for reports from Colonel Newton , yet they fail to come . " Colonel Bowman replied as follows : RN 9926 . "Cable 5087 received . Initial request by General Tate for reports by his cable 3878, dr,ted 272238A , called for full report four tfoes daily progress of unloacUng and tYres of cargo being unloaded . It is impracticable to furnish this detailed information at such frl"lquent intervals without materially jncreasing the port and naval staffs and communication facilities . TM s was cxr lained by radio 9375 , drited 290003 , and memorandum Newton to Tate , dated 28 Feb. Cable 7531, dated 291440, modified request by General Tate to require 3 rerorts of a more general nature . Since receipt of cable 3878 the following reports have been made ; Cable 9981 , dated 291530 - Cable 9887, dated 291725 - Cable 9905 , dated 010025, CRble at 0800 , 1200 and 1600 as to whether unloading is or not - Memo Newton to Tate dated ?9 February sent by courier , Cable 9909, date<l. 011025 . In addition 4 cables daily will be sent giving detailed reports of rrogress of unload"ng and unloading operations of interest . " General Clark today wrote a long personal letter to General Devers, giving information on the latest developr1ents here . This letter , which was sent to General Devers b:r his pilot , is quoted as follows : 11 I am sending you this information in order that you may know the latest developnents here . You probably have tht'! news from the bridgeh!'!ad . The trird �attack is developing but bejng held in good shape . Some minor renetrations have been made , but the situation appea.rs to be well in hand . We are killing a good many Boche , and our casual ties to date have not been unduly heavy. "I am perturbed about the British sector . The 5()th Division, in parti cular , is not doing well . It has lost a lot of men in the "mi ssing" st atus and has been more in the nature of infiltration by the enemy. They have given ground which is vital to our left flank, and some of their small units have been cut off . ACMF is unabl e to rrovide me with British rt'}pl11cements as requ:ired , which has led to the necessity of taking th~ 5th British Division, which is in comparatively good shape , out of the line here and send:ing its personnel up only to take over the equipment of the 56th Division . I am insisting that the 5th go completely filled up , although I am not sur-e the British can do that . Its leading brigade will leave here on the 4th of March . Am also sending two British Comr~andos , strength about 600, who leave here this afternoon . The pl'!rsonnel of the 56th Division is scheduled to leave for Uaple s j_mmediately upon being relieved by the 5th. Inasmuc}1 as the British can not fill up the 1st Division in the bridgehead, I requested that some men of the 56th, rather than being pulled out of the bridgehead, be turned over to the 1st, particularl y those new replacements whlch the 56th has just received . General Alexander turnl"\d we dovrn on thi s request , stating that it was " contrary to all the principles on which the Briti sh Army is trainr-id and inspired, and would certainly lead to the most serious loss of morale , jf not to disastrous resultsn. General Al exander SU[~gests , as an alternative , to contract the British front and have more front and mor e responsibility given to the U. s. troops . That is impracticable , for we do not have enough U. S. troors for thAt purpose . I am makine repeated requests for British replacements , and they must do everything they can to assist . "I have been ordered to relieve the 24 Guards Brigade from the bridgehead, and , although it has a fighting strength of 1400, it must come back in a very few days . I have resist ed its return so far and rray be able to continue to do so . Until the situation settles dovm definitely trere , I am reluctant to bring out any troops who can still fieht . I am sure I can handle this situation. "I attended General Alexander ' s conference where Leese , Ct>nnon and I , and some of our staffs , were present . It was to discuss the reorgan:1-zation with which you are :"amiliar . I concurred, f'or I ari willing to do most anything in order to get all U. S. and French troops in the Fi-rth Army . I certainly hore that you can expedite r,ettin8 the 35th Division over here , followed by the 91st . When I 7 et trose two and anoth~r French Division, with the brideehead stabilized, I assure you we \vill join up . "~eneral Alexander has instructed me repeatedly to take the o"fensive in the brJdgehead and cap~ure Cisterna and Carroceto . You can arpreciate that with the enemy str('!ni;th against us and with our weakened condition there at present , I am unabl~ ~o. do ~his nov,. ~fter the Boche has spent his attack, I plan to rut the 34th Division J.nto the bridgehead . I am grMtly worried by tbe Navy's attitude on limiting the amonnt of suprlics v/rich they will send into t},e bridgehead . I must say that Admiral Cunningham ' s attitude has not bren ~trill helpful :in this respect . I h~ve presented this .in writing to Alexand~r , and he , in turn, has sent our requirements on to Gt"!neral .Jilson. I am satisfied that General Alexander is going to bat and will force the Havy to meet my minimum requirements now �1.:25 and provide some reserve for a future offensive and a hec1ge against bad r1eather. I figure the leading ccmbat team of the 34th Di vision can go in bet\'Teen the 15th and ?0th of this wmth ; that i', , rroviding I can get snrne rerlacements to it in the next day or two . "T . Y.. Brovm is here , and I have attach~d Ur,1 as an extra brigadier to the 88th Division which , jncidentally, is going in to relieve the 5th British Division and whicl , will e t're beginning of the reorganization plan . Crittenberger is here also. I will facilitate his seeing and doing whrt he nost desires with coribat units . I am keeping reople out of the bridgehead right at present but will give them all an opportunity to go up later. 11 I am rather surpr:i sed toclay to receive the following radiogram fror1 ACMF: The formation of Allied troops now fighting in the Anzio bridgehead will be 'lrnovm as the 11 Allied Bridgehead Force" on orders of the Prime Minister. This term will be used in sitreps , communiques and the press 1 • Th:i s rather disturbs me , for it is all a part of the Fifth Army up there. The men have b~en with it a long time and are proud of their Army organization . I do not know what I can do about it, but it seems to me tha.t if they want to emphasize Allied unity, and that must be the only reason underlyine this change , they could include Fifth Army in the title ; such as, 'Fifth Army Allied Bridgehead Force 1 • I am taking this mat t~r up with ACJ.:lF . 1 "I want to thank you for your surrort . I will kMp you posted from time to tine wj_th these personal lett"rs. I know that I can handle all these natters in a diplomatic way without in any way jMpardizi'1.g our Allied unity but f ,el it will help if you are informed as to my rroblems anrl how· I am attemrting to solve them in order that you may be ln a better position to assist." Today 1 s operations on the beachhead w~re r:1arked by th-; progress of the third of the German riajor attacks . This was opened by two battalions abreast Pgrinst the 509th Farachute Battalion position, and tbe assault wave was followed by a force in considerable c'epth . In all , the Germrms w~re tliought to have used three Divisions for the attack. In the course of the oa.y the enemy penetrated the VI Corps position to the extent of 1500 yards, but later in the day General Truscott counterattacked and durinp.; the ni,3ht regajned all i,} e p;round v;J,L::h the Germans had temporarily won. A large factor in stopping the Httack was a heavy concentration of our artill~ry. Air support was not effective because of weathr--r . General Clark entertain,.d for d~nner this evening General Beucler , Colonel Saltzman and Lieutenant Colonel I orter . * * * FRESENZANO--MARCH 2, 1944--Today General Clark rleterrninP,d to v:isit tb!'! bridge- \ head, desrite the v,eath""lr wh1ch was somewhat threatening . Accord:",ngly, he made t e followine; plans : A cub on floats was sent to take up a rosition between Hondragone and Zannone . The two FT boats were sent up to take their position at regular intervals between ronziane Islands anil Nettuno . General Clrrk arranged to leave w:i.th General Hull in two L- 5 1 s and fly over the course thus m10rked out , spendine a few hours on the'! beachhead , retm·ning n.t 1400 or 1500 hours , derending on the weather . �... Accordingly, the General vrent to the cub field at 0830 and was in a cub ready to take off with Gen~ral Hull in th~ following ,cub , but rio air cover appeared. A series of calls to G("meral Saville got the information that the original air cov~r had been ordered by General SAvill , but that due to a failure of staff work h1 the XII Air Support Command had never been actually ordered to leave the field . General Saville promptly ordered up an escort of four planes while Gt'meral Clark wait ,d . These four rlanes lost themselves in the fog and haze , and after General Clar"k- had waited 3/4 of an bour and made a few calls to General Saville., Gl'lneral Saville then ordered up four more planes . These too lost thenselves . In trie meantine the day was wasting away, and General Clark's important mission at the bridgehead was unfulfilled. From tjme to time the lost planes would cone into sight flying to and fro at a distance and then would be lost in the fog again . Eventually, they were guided to the Genere.l I s cub strip by General Saville who telephoned continued ~nstructions to i'iarcianise , from which point the message was relayed to the planes by voice radio . The Gene ral left at 1030 , instead of 08.30 , but no s0oner had the trip started than the e.scort needed to refuel, and General Clark ,•·as obliged to descend at an air strip j ust south of f'iondraeone while the escort took on gasoline . Finally, after this exasperating delc.y, the journey startec·, and the General reached Nettuno air strip without incident at about 12.30 . On this trip to the bridgehead, General Clark had a close shave from enemy shellfire . He was going up a road near the .3rd Division CP and following him was a jeep in which was riding Mr . Reynolds }ackard of the United }ress . The jeeps had just cleared a crossroads when a salvo of four enemy shells landed exactly at the intersection . Had the vehicles rassed n second or two earlier , some or all of the party would undoubtedly have been killed. I The General left Ncttuno air strip at 1400, protected by air cov~r which had been arranged by XII Air Support Conunand for 1400 or 1500, d~pending on the hour of the General I s departure . 'l'he return trip was with out j ncid ent , and the General arrived at his cornnand post at flbout 1600. He was well content with the situation at the bridgehead and on the Cassino front and had his cub fly him to rriarcianise , v,hence he went by automobile to the Officers 1 Rest Center at Sorrento in order to get a good night ' s sleep. \ General Clark last night dispatcl1ed the following c~ble to General Truscott , with a copy to Colonel Bowman: Wi 5118 . "The 1nstructio'1s issued by you in a letter dated 27 Februo.ry, subject "Improvement of Dump Conditions " , has just bee} brought to my attention. You will refrain from issuing directives of this kind to Advance Headquarters Fifth Army. Fersonnel at my Advance Command Post are there to assist you. We realize our responsibility with r(')gards the improvement of these dumps . I have personally issued instructions on tris subject on severa visits to the bridgehead . If you have recoTI1T1endations to make , you will submit them to my senior representative in the form of a recoMmendation , at the same time advising my headquarters of your desires . Instructions issued as of February 27 will be revoked . AcLnowledge this message . I hope to see you tomorrow if weather will permit rne to fly in. 11 • General Clark today sent the following cable to General Truscott . RN .3917. I congratulate you , members of your staff and the Brjtish and American troops of VI Corps on the magnificent manner in wriich the strong German attack of th., rast 11 �( �few days was repelled . Fighting wit h great tenacity and skill your troops have rnade the enemy pay dearl y for his temporary offensive role , and have furt her / diminished any waning hope for victory the German sol dier may still imprudently cheri sh . I am confident that in the heavy fighting yet to come the Fifth Army will further demonstrate in a most effective manner the superiority of Allied arms . " · General Clark today received a copy of the following cable from General Alexander to General Truscott : RN MA.1128. "My heart iest congratulations to you persohal l y on·the abl e way you have handled this most successful battle and please convey to a ll the troors under your comi:1and my admiration and thanks for the magnificent display of courage and soldierl y qualities which they have shown during these last few days of bitt er fighting . They have held firm everywhere and repulsed the enemy vlith bloody losses . Well done boys . 11 General Cl ark today received the fo l lowing reply to his letter of yesterday to General Devers : It w s very helpful for P1e to lrnov: what you are doing and thinking and I a greatly appr eciate the letter wrich you sent to r1e today. I talked to Gi-!neral Wilson at length about the situation on the Fifth Army front concerrdng command and , incidentally, have had inquiries from General Marshall along the same lines . I am gl ad that you have now agreed to the new line- up in order to get the U. S. and French troops together in the Fifth Army. I am sure this i s better for everybody. 11 . "With reference to the 3/,1,th Division , we have sent a consi<lerE:ble number of repl acements to you, r1any of them belongi-,.,g to the 34t h Division . I am hoping that there are not only enough replacements for this Division, but also for tbe 36th. In any case , we are trying hard to get replacements to you in sufficient numbers to take care of your needs in this matter . In this connection, Stayer has arrived and he has already started the work on the doctors to cut dovm on the number of sick and non- operational casualties , and also to return men from the hospitals sooner . 1 am sorry about the name for the All ied bridgehead force . I , of course , do not like this any more than you do , but after all it is a name and cannot have · much to do with winning the war . It was one of those things which I class as destructive , unnecessary and unessential . I elieve we have Allied unity more than ever , and I an sure this hnd nothing to do w:ith this theater , ut had more to do with tre politicians in England . 11 "Patch has arrived and has been assignll!d to the Seventh Army. He js going right to work to build a staff . I do not 1':now just what the .r'uture of A.r1VIL is at tre riontimt but 1 1e hope to have H firmed up :in the next few days . "He are hr' nging pressure on tbc 'favy to give th, oriel gehead all the supplies necessary, ut ue are havjng a great deal of,trou1)1 .. with landing craft. I think it .:.s v ry inportant thnt H('} do not put too "~ ucL r1aintenance on the br:irlgehead . There is not room tl.er-: to attack it and :n my opinion invites loss . If we coulc, push the brirlgehead out far enougb so that we are reaso1.a,)ly sure that the port canno~~ he :'ired on by artill ... ry fire , I elieve v1e could get along with seven days 10.:1-ntenance. 11 �11 G"'lneral ';;ilson is making every effort to get replacements for the British uni ts . We :have hid to give a limi tine date with r~fer~nce to the RCT of the Airborn~ Division, in order that we r~ay carry out our orders and get it back to its division by a certain date . I am hoping that this will not affect you too much . We are also J11aking efforts to get th~ battalion of the 34th Division to it as soon as possible . "I hope to be up there in the next week or so , when I will E;\'.'lt closer to your problerris . Lots of luck, " * * * PRF.SENZANO--MARCH 3, 1944- -Today General Clark spent the entire day at the Fi fth Army Officers I Rest Center , the first day of recreation which he has had for a long time . The qu:i_et situation at ~he beachhead 1md the relo.tive inactivity of affairs on the Cassino front gave him this opportunity for repose . Throughout the day a series 'of cables were received from Anzio concerning the progress of unloading there . Unloadtng has proceeded all night and continu!'!d until 1300 today when it ceased because of rough weather . General Clark had planned a little celebration this evening in honor of General Gruenther 1 s birthday and , in order to return from Sorrento, had his L- 5 plane go down to a landing strip near Pompei. General Clark left the Rest Centt"ir at about 1600 to find the landing strip , but the roads leading to it over and across thl'! partly destroyed autostrade were very confusing, a,nd eventually General Clark turned ba ck to the Rest Center . In the meantime , at the CF 40 officers , representing the various staff sections of the Fifth Army, gat hered in the General's Recreation Hut and had a buffet supper , watched the remarkable performance of a sleight- of-hand artist and listened to two Special Service nusicians play the piano and accordion~ General Gruenther was presented with a huge birthday cake , everybody sang songs , and the evening w s a great success . a The replacement s ituation still being critical, General Gruenther wrote the follovring letter to General Sawbridge , AFHQ G- 1: "I am reluct ant to continue to bring to your attention the subject of replacem s . However, I feel that yc,u should know of a misunderstanding on our ent part which has developed as a. result of the exchange of the following messages : Yciur 52933 , 57079 , 57996; and our 3397 and 4 7/.,6 . Based on thes e messages , we obtained the distinct impression that on or about March 2 we would receive approximately 3800 general a ss ignment replacements and 4500 RTU ' s . For several months now we have been stressing the necessity of infantry replacements - s o much ao in fact that , rightly or wrongly, we have come to consider the term 11 replacements" as meaning 11 infantry replacements" . our · shortage of infantry replacernents has been so critical during this period that we have , for all i'l"ltemts a.nd purposes , practj cally disregarded the question of other types of replacements . For that reason we made the assumption that of the 8300 " replacements and RTU I s expected on March 2 , the proportion of infantry replacement::; would be low. It is true that in your 57079 you warned us that "infantry replacements in th~ number we required would not be available until March 1411 • 11 �Howev~r, in no way v,ere we prepared for the shock that fBS gave us yesterday wh"'n ...,hey told us that on r~ arch 4th we shall receive 3063 enlisted replacements with 753 infantry and 526 RTU's with ?63 infantry. I feel tha.t your //57079, answering mu· 3397, might have given us the bad news then. 11 As you know we have a serious personnel problem in connection with the beachhead . The casualties there have been .;airly heavy and have thus far absorbed all the infantry rerlacements which we have received during the past two weeks, and there is still a shortage . The 34th and 36th Divisions are now out of the line and are eagerly awaiting their infantry replacements. In order to resune the offensive in the beachhead it will be necessary to ship another division there . General Clark decided on February 28th th11t he would se:?.1.d the 34th, shipping one RCT about 1'.1'arch 20 . I gave rim every assurance that out of 8300 reflacements and RTlPs expected on or about March 2, we would surely l;e able to f:i nd enough infantry rerL:-:i.cements to make good the losses at the beachhead and also to fill one infantry regiMent of the 34th Division. On that assumption we rmde a strong apreal to tbe Navy for the shipping to start the movement of the division about March 20. Moreover a tactical plan has b"'en forrmlated involving the use of the 34th Division in the beachhead early in April which may now be of doubtful value . Had we realized that of the 8300 RTTJ 1 s and r~place rients, there vrould i..,e only 1000 infantry our picture would have been very much different . "It was , of course , an error on my part to indicate to General Clark that any proportion of the Farch 4th shipment would be infantry, although he ha s not placed that blame on me . In order to rrevent :'uture errors of tris character, I should like to urge that you, Ben Sawbridge , send us messages for the next two weeks advising us of the infantry (I repeat infantry) shipments which can be expected and their dates of arrival here . This message will be in addition to the routine message sent to FBS for each shipment . After two weeks we'll probably be out of the woods and we won't bother you any more . "Please realize that we understand thoroughly that your headquarters is doing everything in the world to get us the replacements that we need . My only request is that we be kept in the picture concerning the jnfantry end of the game. · It is often necessary for us to deal in individuals; we are usually that short . "Our troops have junt had a fine victory in repulsing the third strong attack by enemy forces . We killed a great many Germans, and I feel quite confident that the situation there is r.iore than under control." * * FRI":SE',JZANO--MARCH 4, 1944--General Clark returned to his command post by cub today, arriving at about 1210 . He immediately began disposing of those matters which had accumulated during his absence and cleared his desk by early afternoon . In the afternoon General Kenneth N. Anderson , formerly coP1ma.nding the British First Army in Tunisia and now in charge of the Eastern C01mnand in England (having been removed from his Army comnand by Gent'!ral fontgol"lt'!ry as soon as the latter took over in Enr,land) paid a visit to General Clark. General Clark was very courteous in his treatr.ient of General Anderson who appeared somewhat mollified by his recent experiences . �Following General Anderson's visit , General Clark received a call from Generals Cannon and Saville and J3rieadier Mainwaring, who discussed problems of air support control . General DeGaulle arrived today at Capodichino for a visit to the Fifth Army area and went to Venafro to the command post of General Juin. By prearrangement with General Clark , he arrived at 1800 at the Fifth Army command post and went at once to General Clark ' s van where the two commanders had an interesting conversation, ·rith Lt . Col. Sutherland act:ing as interpreter . General DeGaulle started the conversrtion speaking soMewhat laborious English but later lapsed into French. General DeGaulle had two points to nake . One was that France should be invaded during the current year or she would be so drained of strength and resources of every kind that effective resistance by the French would be impossible . The second was that if because of a lack of shipping the Allies were unable to invade southern France and jnstead had to adopt as an alternative the placing of all French resources in Italy, the French authorities , in order to preserve the psychologict=il well being of the French people, should be tnken into the complete cnnfidence of the Allied leadership and should assist in the plannjng of whatever operations were in store . It was evident , when General DeGauJ.le sroke this way, that he thought he had been coldshouldered by the Allies , and this further appeared when the General remarked that he was somewhat surprised that no French divisions had been allotted the task of joining in the cross- channel invasion. General Clark was quite frank with General DeGaulle , stating that he , General Cle.rk, knew that~ southern France operation, termed ANVIL, had been in contemplation but that the shipping which had been short enough to cause great concern in the Italian operations , had been still further shortened in order to support the forthcoming ovri:nLORD Operation. An jnvasion of southern France had become a practical impossibiUty. There was no use trying to invade southern France with one division or two . "Why not , " said General Clark, "put whatever resources the Allies have available in the Mediterrant1ian basin into the Italian campaign where a great victory might be won?" "Very well, " said General DeGaulle, "I will agree wjth you upon a certain hypothesis . Let's suppose that the Allied High Command intends during the current year to launch a major offensive ncrof's the channel into F'rance or into Holland or somewhere else in Western Europe and , assume further that there is not enough shipping for an invasion of southern France; then I will agree with you that it would be desirable to take all the French Divisions now disponible in the Mediterranean and put them into the Italian c8mpaign to the end that a major diversion might there be made and the Germans be contained there." Hovrever , General DeGaulle asb,d if General Clark had available the necessary shipping to maintain the French and American Divisions now in North Africa . General Clark said he had . A quantity of shipping here novr is being utilized to support the air preparations and the other steps being taken to lay the foundations for ANVIL in Corsica and Sardinia. If ANVIL were abandoned then that shipping could be available to support the Italian campaign. General CJBrk added that if the French and Anerican Divisions in Africa were brought in echelons to Bizerte , the shipping could be used to ferry them to Messina, and. they could then come north over the road by automobile , saving shipping time to a large degree . The conference was as amicable as it could be in view of General DeGaulle's extremely phlegmatic personality. General Clark took occasion to rraise the · �dash and esprit which characterized General Juin and to exrress his great satisfaction at havJng General Juin in the Fifth Army. General DeGaulle expressed gratifjcation at this mutufll confidence and said that he was glad to be at the front among soldiers, but that he would like still more to be in Paris among the French people. At 1900 General Clark and General DeGaulle went to the hut where a U shaped table had been set up and aperitifs rrepered for 17 guests. After a short time General Clark seated his guests and entertained them at dinner. DeGaulle was a curious dinner guest, courteous, at all times making the polite responses, but with a peculiar, flat, uninspired manner which contrasted strangely with the affable, pleasant manner of General Juin, who sat on the left of General Clark, while General DeGaulle sat on his right. However, the dinner was a great success. In addition to Generals Clark, Gruenther, DeGaulle and Juin there were present Generals Sevez, deHontsabert, Keyes, Dody, Chaillet, CPrpentier and Beucler, Brigadier Richardson and Colonels Kammerer, Saltzman, Billotte and Lt. Col. Sutherland. General Clark today djspatched the following letter to General Leese: "With the coning Movement of Eighth Army to the west of the Appenines, I believe there will be need of closer liaison between Eighth and Fifth Armies than has been necessary while our comJ'!lB.nds were separated by the mountains. "I propose, therefore, sending two of my staff officers to your headquarters for this purpose and would appreciate a similar arrangement on your part. I believe one of these offjcers should be particularly qualified in Operations (G-3) and the other in Supply (G-4). nrt would be particularly desirable if you vrouln approve my retention of Lieutenant Colonel George Britten as your liaison officer for operations. Colonel Britten is an outstanding officer, known and well-liked by all with whom he has cori.e in contact. He has been a most dependable member of Fifth Army's BrHish Incr~ment and J would like to retain him on my stAff as your representative. "General Alexander has told me that Brigadier Charles Richardson, who has been with me during all of the Italian camraign, is to be given another assignment. "I have no suggestions for a mination. 11 11 Q officer and would appreciate your no- "As for thia. American offic~rs to cone to ·your headquarters, if you lmow of any by name which you would like to have, please let me knov1. If tht"!y can be made available, I will eladly detail them. "i"lith fullest expectations for our joint march on Rnn; and to the north, I am.'' General Clark today sent the following message to crrc, ACMF. RN 5194. "Paraphrase oi' message 9941 (Five Army to AC'l.F from Clark) dated 040040A from �Fifth Army Advance CP follows : ' Fort and .naval personnel held confer~nce with Fifth Army r~presentatives this date rel~tive to unloading of Lih~rty ships . Considered opinion of all ' that small craft situation must be improved with least practicable delay. Have operational following craft : 4 American and S British LCTS , 2 additional American LCTS in poor shape are being utilized on hospital carrj~r run, and sev~n LCIS . LCIS are a help but are limited in capacity and ease of unloading . 12 LCTS are definitely insufficient to efficiently unload five Liberties . Navy personnel cooperative to fullest extent and doing everything possible to keep craft operational. New subject: 2 hospital ca'rr:iers arrived at 0945 this date rmd insisted on leaving at 1430. No information received that they were to arrive . In view of late carrier arrivals and distance anchored from shore due to shelling, only 2 LCT loads were able to reach ship side in time . Furthermore , although LCT loaded with patients was alongside st . Andrew, the Captain refused to take on the second load . The LGT was then sent to the St . Julien, and the Captain was prevailed upon to accept this load which he did . Request that action be taken to preelude refusal of hospital carrier to accept ratients who are alongside ship in an LCT after having been transported approximately 2 miles to get to ship siae . Request ETA of all hospital carriers sent Anzio . In order to assure maximum loading recorirnencl that this he not later ogoo if possible and sailing time be not earlier than 1500 hour-s . 1 I shall be grateful to you H you will assist us to solve these probleris . " !? j \ General Clark cabled General Truscott as follows today: R!J 5190. "Your request to retain two field companies of 56 Division is approved . I have asked General Alexander to secure Admiral Cunningham I s cooperation in raising naval morale . Keep me t~dvised if unfavorable attitude continues . " * * * FRF.SEHZANO-•MARCR 5, 1944--In the morning General Clark flevr by cub to Caserta where he conferred with General Alexander . The General returned to his command post shortly before 1300 hours . He spent the afternoon in administrative work at his van. At 1730 the General, with his Chief of Staff, his Public Relations Officer and Captain B~ardwood, met in the hut with five American newspaper correspondents: Lynn Heinzerling of Associated Fress , James Roper of United rress , Graham Hovey of International :Jews Service , Lee McCardell of the Baltimore Sun and William Shadel of the Infantry Journal. General Clflrk told the correspondents that he was having them in merely for a drink and a chat . However , before long the General was discussing, off the record , the re-grouping of troops in the Italian campaign. He revealed to the correspondents that the Fifth Army would becone a Fr['ncoA111erican Army and that British troops eventually would no longer be part of his command . He told the correspondents thot the Fifth Army would control the west coast sector of the main Italian front (that sector now ht'lld by the 10 British Corps) and the Anzio bridgehead . He said that the Eighth Ar"f'iy would shift westward and eventually would ½e the force driving up the Liri ·valley. Hovey asked the General how he felt about the new make-up of the Fifth Army, and the Army Commander said that h(') felt the move would be beneficial in that it would give him troops equipped exclusively with American mat~riel and that �133 this would facilitate administrative and supply -rroblems . He said that his relations with the 'r;ritish were most anica,"le 1)u-t, explained that some times it was particularly difficult to order a British Corps Commander to execute certain operations . Such action with British officers entailed longer discussion and a certain amount of debate . The correspo'1d~nts also brought up the matter of replacements , and General Clark said that the replacewmt probleri, , while bad enough for Anerican troops , was extremely difficult for hoth the '3ritish and the French. He said that he hoped to get two more American divisions in th" Italian caMpaign the 85th, now in Af'rica, rind one other division. G1meral Clark also revealed to the correspondents that !:,he leading ele ments of a brigade of the 5th British Info.ntry Division had almost net with a disaster while moving by LCIL.S from Haples to Anzio . Through faulty navigation the vessels started to put in at Circeo and had been fired upon by German gt.ms . They pulled out without suffering any casualties and moved up to Anzto . 11 If you think I have been confused by this action" , said General Clark, "Think what the confusfon of the German High Corimand must be . \le are wondering if the German comm1mique tonight will say that they rerulsed an attenpted Fifth Army landing at Circeo'! Hovey also 1 rought up the qu~stion as to why higher headquarters had issued the directive that a dateline referring to th~ bridgehead forces must read "Allied Bridgehead Forcesu . Hovey said this action had left the correspondents somewhat cnnfused . He asked General Clark what was the reason for it , and General Clark said that he too was confused but that he had made strong reprosentations to General Alexander and. the Har Department . Hovey said that riost of t},~ correspondents vrere continuing to write of it as the Fifth Army Bridgehead but that he noted that tr e censors were inserting the vrord "Allied 11 in the Fifth Arrny dateline . General Clark said that the Fifth Army had fos tered an Allied feeling and that he felt tl-at the troper dateline was "Fifth Army Allied Bridg~head Forces" • rffcCardell brought up the subject as to who was the father of the rlan for the amphibious operation at Anzio . General Clark anrl General Gruenther explained that there had been several rlans for amphibious operations , that the first one was in tr e i:;lanning phas~ three days after our initial landing at Salerno . General Clark said that three othl"r anph1bious plans had b~en laid down before proper craft was available and the Anzio operation executed . Roper then brought up the question as to why the Fifth Army bridgehead had not been e:xploi ted , and General Clark pointed out that by dusk on D day all that the Fifth Army had ashore on the bridgehead was tbe 3rd Division and one brigade of the Bri tish 1st Division . Both of these organizations had about 1/5 of their vehicles . The Germnns , however, had lnnd supply lines and had 16 battalions ranged around the briclg~head perimeter bytthe night of D day. The General said that } ifth Army forces probflbly could have driv~n onto the Mgh ground doninating the Anzio bridgehead but that such a move would have greatly endangered the rear areas at Anzio and Nettuno and thnt the troops right have easily been cut off from all supplies hnd they moved too far forward and left thl'!lir flanks and rear thinly held . 1 �13Y Sitting informally around the stove in the hut, General Clark chatted with the correspondents for over an hour. In the evening General Clark invited a number of his staff officers from the headquarters to a movie in the hut. General Clark today sent the following cable to General Devers with regard to the replacement situation: RN 7696. "In your March 2nd letter you indicate that you are under impression that replacement situation is satisfactory for 34th Div. and probably so for 36th Div. Sawbridge message to Gruenther lists replacements scheduled and I realize you are doing everything possible. However, I desire to bring following facts to your attention. 34th Div. short 1500 infantry enlisted exclusive of lOoth Battalion. 36th Div. short 2400. Both Divisions now under new T/O. Total shortage of 3rd and 45th Divisions approximately 1500. Shipment of 3391 enlisted replacements which arrived March 3 included only 469 infantry and this is total infantry now available. Since movement of 34th Div. to bridgehead nnist start about March 20th, I am forced to convert to infantry approximately 1500 replacements from other branches as authorized in your W/9832/26661 dated 10 January. I consider the conversion an unsatisfactory expedient but in view of the urgency of getti.~g 34th Div. to ANZIO in immediate future, that solution is forcod on me." \ Today the Inspector Gen~ral's report was received on the investigation con- / ducted relative to the allegations regarding the insufficjency of ammunition and the carrying of unloaded weapons by units of the 36th Division in the Ra/ pido River crossing. The conclusions reached are (a) that all personnel started on the operation carrying at least one extra oondolier of ammunition, and no general shortage of ammunition existed, (b) that although orders were issued that assault companies in the 141st Infantry would make the crossing of the Rapido River with weapons unloaded, no disastrous results occurred from this procedure; that all personnel of the 143rd Infantry crossed the river with loaded weapons; the 142nd Infantry was in Division Reserve and was not engaged, (c) that orders of the 141st Infantry directing that assault companies would carry weapons unloaded a.re not ascribed to General Wilbur, (d) that any disastrous results which may have occurred during this operation, were not due to insufficiency of ammunition or the procedure followed by some companies of the 141st Infantry in crossing the river with unloaded weapons. It was recommended that no further action be taken in the case. General Clark received the following cable from General Truscott today: RN 907. "Front quiet today except for small attack a.gainst third battalion, 7th Infantry last night which was repulsed. I am continuing aggressive reconnaissance. Begin tonight regrouping to make first division and 2 regiments 45th Division available for attack which I am planning to reduce Carroceto salient. Should complete regrouping by 8th and be ready by 11th or 12th enemy action and weather permitting. Will coordinate date with operations on southern front and will give you complete details of plan later." * * * PRESENZANO--MARCH 6, 1944--Today was the birthday of Sergeant Dow one of General Clark's Headquarters Detachnent, who has bAen an efficient an! devoted soldier in General Clark's imnediate entourage for many months. Sergeant Dow had �been wounded by an enemy bomb at the beachhead but has recovered a.nd is back on duty. This morning General Clark pinned a purple heart medal on Sergeant Dow, to the sergeant's great delight and pride. At about 1030 General Clark flew by cub to a field near Headquarters 10 Corps where he conferred with General Mccreery concerning the proposed ch,=inges in his corps nispositions involved in the re-grouping of forces on this front and the transfer of the British 5th Division now under General Mccreery to the beachhead. Thereafter, General Clark went on to visit General Sloan, Col"l1llandjng the 88th Division at his comr.,and post which js located where the present 5th Division CP also is, at a place called Carano about three miles southwest of Cessa Aurunca. Following this talk General Clark returned by cub plane to his command post. While at the 88th Division, General Clark noticed that the division lacked sufficient shower bath equipment, and, as General Moran happened to be there, General Clark asked General Moran to see that an additional mobile shower unit was sent to this division. General Moran had the Quartermaster take the necessary steps in the afternoon. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 907. "Front quiet today except for small attack against 3 Bn., 7th In:'antry la.st night wM.ch was repulsed. I am con• tinuing aggressive reconnaissance. Begin tonight regrouping to make 1st Division and two regiments 45 Division Rvailab1e for attack which I am planning to reduce Carroceto salient. Should complete regrouping by 8th and be ready by 11th or 12th enemy action and weather permitting. Will coordinate date with operations on southern front and will give you complete details of plan later." Personal Clark to Truscott. RN 5220. "Reference your 907, am delighted with your plans to retake Carroceto salient. Keep me posted as to timing of attack. Hope to launch Cassino attack just before yours if weather permits. Heavy rains here have inundated large areas on the Rapido involved in this attack. With 3 or 4 days good weather , will launch it. Will see you in me~ntime. 11 Personal Clark to Alexender. RN 5229. 11 Will be gratoful to you if you will inform me whether or not craft will be available for shipment of 34th Division to Anzio on March 20th as requested by me at your February 28th conference. If shipment is to start on 2oth craft for shipment of supplies should be availRble by March 10th. New subject. I am still concerned over shortage of LOTS for unloading of Liberty ships at Anzio. I hope that you will be able to arrange for additional craft for this purpose." Personal Alexander to Clark. RN MA 1134. "I have received following message from the CIGS. 'Please convey to Clark my admiration for wonderful defensive fjght put up by his troops. Very best luck to you all.'" Personal From ClArk to Brooke. and is deeply appreciated." * RN' 5250. * "Your message has been received * PRESENZANO--MARCH 7, 1944--General Clark left his command post at 0915 by jeep �for Spa.dger Headquarters where he conferred with General Freyburg about the proposed attack of his corps on Cassino. He then went to the Headquarters of Combat Command B, where he ma.de a short visit and then returned to his command post. The two naval officers who had been on General Clark's PT boat the day it was fired upon are still in the 118th Station Hospital but have recovered sufficiently to engage in a decoration ceremony. Accordingly, following lunch General Clark flew to Capodichino where he was met by his Packard and by Lt. Col. ~ygaard. The General went to the 118th Station Hospital where a brief ceremony was held and where Lieut. (j.g.) Patterson and Ensign Benson received the Silver Star at the hands of General Clark. Benson was able to stand, but Lieutenant Patterson received the decoration in a wheeloh~ir, as one of his legs was still in a cast. Following this ceremony General Clark had dinner with friends in Naples and returned to his command post by car. The following are the important messages of the day: Personal Clark to Alexander. RN 7721. rtGeneral Mccreery has recommended that 88th Division be provided with one additional U.S. infantry regiment in order to furnish reliefs considered absolutely necessary if difieion is to be capable of offensive action in April. It is necessary to employ all 3 CT's in line at present. I have checked to djspositions of 88th Division, and I concur in General McCreery's recommendation. Since I have no U. s. regiment immediately available for this purpose, I request that 1 regiment of infantry of 85th Division less organization equipment be shlpped here from North Africa by fastest means possible. Hope that air transportation can be at least partially employed but if that is not practicable request that this regiment be ~iven priority to insure its arrival i"ithin the next 10 days. Shipment of U.S. and French replacements now scheduled for 14, 18, 24 and 29 March should not be changed. However, these replacements total only 16443 against lift of 29349 allotted for March on your priority list 4. Equipment of regiment should fol• low with least practicable delay. Desire balance of 85th Division arrive prior to April 1st. Request this division be given priority above remainder 6th Armored Division. In the event additional replacements are not available for shipment in March personnel lift for division should be ample. Lift allotted of est1mated 1300 vehicles for 6th Armored Division can be credited to 85th Division." * * * PRESENZA.NO--MARCH 8, 1944--At 1000 General Clark received the new arriving group of War Department Operations Division officers, 19 in number, at his hut. General Clark talked briefly with these officers concerning the present situation and the course of operations which have led up to it in this theater. He said that on the Cassino front the Fifth Army was faced · by enemy superi.or in numbers to the Fifth Army forces opposing them and enjoying the advantage of commanding ground. As a result, the Fifth Army, after advancing up to its present positions, had found itself unable to advance even with heavy losses. Accordingly, intelligence estimates of higher authorities had been furnished to the Fifth Arrrr:, to the effect that if a landing were made in the Anzio region it would oblige the enemy to withdraw a substantial force from the Cassino front, �as he was unable to rejnforce himself by bringing troops from the north. Upon the basis of this estimate the Fifth Army had been directed to make a landing at Anzio and Nettuno, and this it had done efficiently and successfully. Unfortunately, neither estimate proved to be correct. The enemy had not withdrawn any considerable forces from the Cassino front, and, on the contrary, had reinforced himself up to a strength of 10 divisions on the Anzio front by bringing troops down from France, the Balkans and northern Italy. So equipped, the Germans had made a series of strong attacks upon the bridgehead, all of which had been thrown back by the Fifth A:rmy forces which now amount to about 5 divisions. Various armchair strategists in the United States and elsewhere are now criticizing the Fifth Army for failure tn seize the Colle Laziale or to take Rome immediately after the landing. General Clark said that any one of the visiting officers was at liberty to quote him anywhere as saying that such a course would have been reckless at the extreme and that undoubtedly would have resulted in the cutM.ng off and capture or destruction by the increasing enemy of the troops attempting such a long advance without a secure base. The General gave the incoming officers a hearty welcome and said that they would be assigned to duties with the Fifth Army of a nature which would give them the most useful experience and instruction. Follow:i.ng this General Clark returned to his van and spent the balance of the day in disposing of administrative matters and working at his desk. General Clark dictated the following notes for inclusion in his diary: "On my last trip to the beachhead by cub I particularly wanted to discuss with General Truscott some of the radiograms he had been sending to me. I have known Truscott for a long time, and he is a difficult subordinate to handle. He makes many demands, knowing full well that many of them can not be granted. I had the impression that many of them were being recorded for the record. He had issued peremptory orders to my G-4 at the Advance Fifth Army Headquarters with reference to Fifth Army dumps. I told him to discontinue such instructions and that if he had any idea of writing for the record to discontinue it, for I would back him up to the limit and would accept all responsibility for difficulties at the beachhead. "He has since written direct to General Devers on the question of lack of effectiveness of tactical air reconnaissance. I will tell him on my next visit there to discontinue writing official letters to higher headquarters but rather to send all such matters to Fifth Army. He also took up direct w1.th General Devers the question of assignment of personnel. This must be stopped. "Visited General Freyburg yesterda.y and met his subordinate commanders. Checked his plan for the attack on CRssino. Urged that he not wait for ideal weather, for that would take a week or two, but that if weather permits aerial bombardment on the 10th, after four days of drying weather, for tanks to go ahead. His tank experts recommended four to six days. The 10th would give us four days of drying weather. I fully realize that we are not going to completely break through, and the tanks will play only a small part in this attack. nAs I reflect upon the situaM.on today, I am convinced that ·Alexander is �floundering in his effort to solve the tactical situation here. He has built a fine picture on paper which ostensibly masses the Fifth and Eighth Armies on a narrow front, whereas actually the only Eighth Army troops which are coming this side of the mountains are the Headquarters Eighth Army. We will still have a maximum of 11 Divisions attacking on this side of the mountains, opposed to 8 German, and a maximum of 6 Allied Divisions in the bridgehead, opposed to 10. In this difficult terrain, with weather usually bad for long periods of air activity and with the time that the German has had to prepare his defensive positions with wire, · mj_nes and other defensive works, I do not feel that we will have the continuity of effort to drive through if he decides to stand. / The best hope we have is the jnfluence of the Russian situation or that the German feels that he must withdraw troops from here to block a channel threat I or unless long periods of fair weather permit our ajr to effectively work on I his communications. ( The following important messages were received and dispatched today: PRO, ACMF to PRC', AFHQ (Copy to Fifth Army) RN 842. "As long as weather remains unfavorable towards full Air Support, no major actions by our troops due on any front. This off record background. In view some apparent doubt that exists over expression "Allied Beachhead Force", wish stress this only title to emphasize Allied effort and that VI Corps troops - both British and American - are still integral part Fifth Army. No new command jn beachhead has been formed. There is no objection to stating on record that beachhead force still integral part of and still operating under command of Fifth Army. tt Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 963. 11 Gen. Ramey j nforms me there is 1 TD Bn (tov1ed) now in Naples area available for use here if desired. Could this be with personnel guns and absolute minimum of transportation be infiltra.ted to beachhead. I will attach to uni.ts in defense position to relieve M-10 units that have been dug in front line positions for some time and in need of maintenance." Personal Truscott to Clark. RN 965. 11 14 11/:arch earliest cfate 1st Di.vision will be ready for offensive operations. 5 Division should be complete in area at that time. Propose to attack 14 March or as soon thereafter As approved by you with 1st Division and 5 Division to clear enemy from rough country west of Anzio road and reestablish western shoulder of salient in vicinity RJ at $64314. When firmly established and regrouped there, to attack with 45 Division and 1st Armored Div:l..sion from east shoulder of salient to seize the area Macchia del Casale - Carroceto. Maximum air effort for day preceding attack and continuing while attack actually in progress. Cover plan objective Littoria. Detailed \ plan in preparation. Owing to advantage that would accrue to enemy with annihilation of Anzio bet:!,chhead, I do not believe that he will forego another effort if he can find sufficient force. Having failed twice with present forces, it is doubtful that he will undertake another major effort wjthout 3 or 4 additional divisions. "My capability for reduc:ing the Cerroceto salient with forces now available is contingent upon no material increase in enemy strength oprosite the beachhead. However, I believe that I can reestablish western shoulder in any case. We should be able to hold present position against attacks materially stronger than previous ones. However, such attacks launched in great depth and continued at maximum pressure regardless of loss will wear :infantry holding l �13°1 elements and result in great attrition. With shortage of infantry reserves, such an attack is the greatest danger to the beachhead; if events indicate material increase in concentration, additional infantry here will be an urgent need." * * * PRESENZANO•-MARCH 9, 1944--This morning General Clark left his comr1B.nd post at 0815 and went to the cub field where he took off with M9.jor Walker for the Nettuno airfield. At Lago strip he was picked up by an escort of four planes, and he arrived promptly at the beachhead. He made visits to the Corps and 3rd Division CP 1 s and gained a first-hand idea of the situation. The enemy shelling of the port, while annoying, has had no really damaging effect. The General left the Nettuno strip for his return flight at 1500 hours and arrived at his own field at Presenzano at 16oO hours. On this trip the General's escort consisted of two Australian and two South African pilots - testimony to the Allied character of the war. Today Lieutenant General Crerar, who is relinquishing command of the Canadian Corps in the Eighth Army to take command of a Canadian Army in England, arrived at the com.~and post to be a guest of General Clark overnight. General Gruenther entertained him at lunch, together with General Sawbridge, Colonel Duncan and Colonel Bertholf. In the afternoon General Crerar went to visit Spadger for tea, with a guide furnished by General Clark. In the evening General Clark entertained at dinner in the hut Generals Crerar, M cCreary, Hawkesworth (who was leaving the Fifth Army with his 46th Division) Kirkman, Conmanding the 13th British Corps, together with Brigadier Lambert, his B.G.s., and Brigadier Roe, his "Q" Brigadier, Brigadiers Richardson, Stayner and Cooke, together with the regular members of his mess, Generals Gruenther, Lucas, K eiser and Lt. Col. Sutherland. General Gruenther sent the following two messages to General Clark up at the beachheact today: RN 7772. "All set for Spadger on zero day. 11 RN 7774. t•In order to supplement air for zero afternoon and one day, Saville proposes to reduce fighter cover over bridgehead by withdrawing fighter bombers. This would result in reduction from 18 to 8 fighters over area at one time. Suggest you discuss with Truscott." Word had been received a few days ago that the Boche was plotting to blow I up General Alexander and General Clark's CP at Anzio. La.st night the operation I actually took place and three Italians w ere caught on the beach with explosive ~ These Italians caused no damage as their attempt failed, and they are being held at the beachhead. * * * PRESENZANO--MARCH 10, 1944--II Corps is now entirely moved back to its rest area. The headquarters is at St. Agata. The J6th Division is just northwest of Maddaloni, and the 34th Division is ,just northeast of Benevento. �The beachhead is quiet. General Clark feels more content about the situa.tion there than he has at any time since the landing. Spadger's attack on Oas-' sino has been waiting from day to day for sufficient good weather to permit the air. to operate and to permit the ground on Cassino fL~ts to dry sufficiently to conduct ground operations. The weather varies a good deal locally. Some times there have been a few clear hours here, while at Foggia or other bases rain has prevented all bombers taking off. This morning General Saville called on General Clark and discussed the air support of the Spadger attack at some length. At noon General Clark entertained at lunch Gene:rals Eaker, Cannon and Crerar. General Eaker spoke of the recent successful bombardment of Germany by the air force. He said that yesterday there were 1800 Allied planes over Germany, 1,000 of them fighters and the rest bombers. He said that after a little Berlin will cease to be an asset but will be a liability to the Germans, and we ' can stop bombing it. He spoke of the recent successful bombing of the ballbearing factories, stating that OSS reported that after the last raids 80 German buyers of ball-bearings had turried up in Sweden, trying to buy up odd lots of ball-bearings in little shops. With the coming of good weather, General Eaker said that he was confident that aerial bombardment would go far to cut off the supply of the troops now facing Fifth Arrny. After lunch General Crerar said goodbye to General Clark and left. He had visited the G-2, G-3 and G-4 staff sections and investigated their workings, and Major Walker had taken him on a cub flight over Cassino. General Clark spent the afternoon in his van disposing of administrative matters. At dinner be entertained General Bouscat, Commanding all French Air Forces, together with Lt. Col. Harteman, one of his staff officers, and also General Srwille and Col. Darcy of the XII Air Support Command. General Bouscat said that he had been dismissed from the Army by the Vichy regime and, as a civilian, had taken to journalism in Africa, and at the time of General Clark's landing of October, 1942, he had been one of those who had been in touch with the pro-American French officers. He had, he said, djsmissed all the French Aviation Generals when he came in. Gt\neral Bouscat spoke interestingly of General N'ogues; saying that early j_n the vrar he had been a great friend of his, but General Nogues' trimming ~tttitude had disgusted General Bouscat, so that he ceased to have any friendly feeling for Nogues. By Operational Instruction #1, Mediterranean Allied Tactfoal Air Force, the responsibilities for air support were re-stated and it was asserted that the XII Air Support Command would be responsible for all air support for the Fifth and Eighth Armies. When requirements for air support for the Fifth and Eighth Armies exceeded the resources at the disposal of XII Air Support Command, the Comnanding General thereof was to refer these requ:i.rements to MATAF. Liaison representatives were to be exchanged between the various air elements and 11 if XII Air Support Command become separated from Fifth Army they will detach a small operational liaison section to work with Fifth Army". Today General Leese sent the following cable to General Clark and to General Cannon, Commanding the TAF. 11RP-f erence MA'rAF Operational Instruction f/1, dated 7 March, I take great exception to issue of this in view of agreement to �lL!l defer final decision on air force set-up until return .Air Vice Marshal Broadhurst. Latter was recalled and is due Algiers today, see COS 251+ to ACMF only of 5 March.n The agreement to await the return of Air Vice Marshal Broadhurst is described in cable COS 49 from General Leese to General Harding, dated March l and quoted in the diary for that day. It is apparent, therefore, from General Leese radio, that he still feels strongly that the Fifth and the Eighth Armies should have their separate air support commands and should not have to comrete for the intentions of a single air support conmand. Following are the jmportant messages of the day: Fifth Army to CG, l\TATOTJSA, RN' 5347. "Ranger Force now consists of 50 officers and q59 enlisted men present for duty or in hospitals, all assigned to 4th Ranger Battalion. Reference your 59018. Of this total 19 officers and 137 enHsted men joined in Ireland in June, 1942 and ps.rticipated in all campaigns. They are classed as veterans and should be returned to United States on emergency rotation. 30 officers and 419 enlisted men are cl8ssified as experi.enced and 11 officers and 282 enlisted men as comparatively inexperienced. In general, value of special trained forces is not considered worth the efforts expended in special organization and training. Most unsatisfactory obstacle. to overcoMe with special forces in Fifth Army has been procurement of suitable replacements. Fifth Army desires to continue · Spedal Service Force as outlined in February 17th letter, subject: "The Rangers.n Personal Truscott to Clark. Rl'T 1002. 11 7791 your Headquarters asks availability Colonel Donald H. G alloway for assignment Deputy Chief of Staff, Seventh Army. If General Lucas to command Seventh Army, Galloway desires to accept, and I will make him available. If not, Galloway desires to remain with me, and I would like to retain him. Will you advise me on this matter. 11 Personal Clark to Truscott. RN 5380. "Lucas not to cornmr,nd Seventh Army. Reference your 1002. Galloway remains with you." Today General Clark received a reply to his letter of M arch 4th to General Leese as follows: · "Thank you very much for your letter, which I was delighted to get. I quite ageee with you about the need for very close liaison, and General George Walsh, my Chief of Staff, wi.11 get in toucri with your Staff about this question directly we come over. "Most certainly keep Lt. Colon"l George Britten with you; I feel sure trds will be a good arrnngement. I hope very rnuch also that all Branches e.nd Services of our two Armies will be abl~ to keep a very close liaison together. In this way we should maintain permanently a very close and friendly co-operation which will, I am sure, lead to very high effjciency in battle. 11 May we offer you our "1ost sincere congratulations on your srlendj d defence o±: the ANZIO bridgehead during the last week. Everyone here is full of admiration for your splendid fighting. We all look forward very much to our joint �march on RNn:E and to the Horth with you. "Thank you ver~r much for your telegra,ri about the Italian Brigade. They will help me a lot as my Polish Divisions have only got two Brigades each. They are, therefore, short of men on the ground. "Best of luck.It * * * FRESENZANO--MA.RCH 11, 1944--At 0900 General Clark mmt down to a clear space just beyond the Chief of Staff's van where there had been drawn up a guard of honor of MP's and a band ready for a decoration ceremony wherein officers and men to receive a DSC, four Legion of Merits, nine Silver Stars, two Soldiers Medals and two Air Meda.ls were to be decorated. Gen~rBl Bowman was present to receive his new Silver Stars as Brigadier General, at the hands of the Army ComMander. At this formation, Lt. Col. Alphonse Van Hecko of the French Army received the Letion of Uerit for his outstandfog work in Ali<:iers 1 cooperation with the Allied .n landings in Operation TORCH. General Lewis and Ms.jor John T. Walker receivP-d the Silver Star for their flight to Anzio on D day. The ceremony was also noteworthy because the band played a newly-composed Fifth Army march for part of the ceremony. After the formation GenAral Devers and GenerBl Rooks arrived, and General Devers talked with Gener8l Clark in his van for about half a.n hour. Afterwards General Devers left for a visit to Spadger. General Rooks stayed for lunch with General Clark. There was a general discussion of the rrogress of the war. General Rooks expressed the opinion that the Russian progress was bona fide and most encouraging. Discussing the recent order of the Frime Minister concerning the change in the dateline from the beachhead to read, "Allied Beachhead Forces", General Rooks told of receivin~ a message fron TROOPERS recently saying that hereafter all dispatches sent personally to the Prime Minister should spell "theater" - "t-h-e-a- \ t-r-e" and should not spell "through" "t-h-r-u11 • _ ,,,,. At 1325 General Clark left his com~and post by jeep for the cub field and flew in a cub to an improvised landing strip near Maddaloni where there had been drawn up representative battalions from the 36th Division. The Gener~l landed here with a tail wind and had little space to come to rest by the assembled troops. He was annoyed with the arrangements for his landing which he felt savored of a stunt rather than a proper landi.ng. The ceremony went smootl:ly, and he conferred a Medal of Honor on Technical Sergeant Kelly, 2 DSC I s, 135 Silver Stars and a War Department unit citation on the 3rd Battalion, 141st Infantry for its gallant work at Salerno. During this ceremony, General Clark, at one point, made a brief talk to the assembled troops. He emphasized the fine part played by the 36th Division in the Salerno Operation r.nd since then and stated that the persons being decorated were the natural battlefield leaders who had shown their capH city by their courage against the enemy. Following the ceremony, the General took off and return"'d to his command post. In the evening he drove to Caserta with Generals Lucas and Gruenther and had dinner as the guest of General Eaker. One of the annoying developments of the day was the necessUy of still furth~r �\43 postponement of the Spadger attack on Cassino. Repeated prophecies of bad weather have made it necessary to put this operation off from day to day. It was confidently expected to stage the operation 12 March but can not now be held until 13 March, if then. One reason for these dehi.ys is the local variation in weather in the theater. It js sometimes clear in Presenzano, foggy in the Naples Plain, raining in Foggia whence many planes take off, and still different in Corsica, Sardinia and .North Africa. An interesting situation has arisen from time to time at various points \ on the front concerning truces held for burial of the dead, etc. The GE'lrmans 1 / frequently send emmisaries over under flags of truce, and in a couple of recent instances General Hawkesworth has detained the emmisaries rather than al\ low them to return because of the military situation which rendered this necessary. Memorandum of 1 March 1944 from O:eneral Mccreery indicntes that during recent fighting on 10 Corps front in a number of instances the enemy requested local truces to collect wounded and dead. In several such instances the Germans were thought to have been using the Red Cross flag in order to withdraw snipers or othervvise obtain military advantages. On 20 February a Division Commander, 46 Division, directed that no further truces could be considered and stated tha.t any further deputations coming over under white flags of truce would be considered prisoners of war, although the collection of wounded by 11 Red Cross personneln would always be respected if not abused. On 21 February a German officer, Oberlt Herman Schmidt of the 129th Panzer Grenadier Regiment, came over to the French lines with the white flag, accompanied by an jnterpreter, requesting to be allov,ed to remove dead and wounded. This officer was treated as a prisoner of war, but General Mccreery in his letter of 1 March to Fifth Army, recommended that after an appropriate advance had been made the officer be returned with his interpreter to the·German lines. Accordingly, 'on 10 March a letter was sent from Headquarters Fifth Army to the G.o.c., ACMF referring to the enclosed correspondence stating that instructions had been issued to all F5.fth Army units that no truces would be allowed without prior approval from Army Headquarters, requesting authorization to return Oberlt Schmidt and his interpreter to the German lines as soon as security conditions permit on the ground that in the opinion of the 46th Division Commander they were not familiar with the message ending all truces. This letter also recommended that a Lieutenant Roland Weiser, 10th Parachute Regiment, who entered 56th lines in the bridgehead requesting a truce to remove wounded, but held as a prisoner of war in North Africa. It was decided today by General Clark that no truces for the purpose of removing dead for burial would be requested by any Fifth Army unit, and so a telegram to this effect, reference #7841, was sent to all Corps of the Army, reading as follows: "No truce for the purpose of removing dead or wounded will be requested or granted by any Fifth Army .u nit. Detailed instructions will follow." General Clark today issued a letter to all subordj_nate commanders on duty on the Cassino front, explaining in detail the ACMF Reorganization Pl~n as a guide for future planning. �Important messages of the day are as follows: Personal from Clark to Port Commandant and NOIC, Anzio. RN 7836. "During the past few days I have watched carefully port operations at Anzio. The excellent work done by you and your men has resulted in a record unequalled to date. The discharge of over 5 ,ooo tons daily for the pa.st 3 days indicates a ) . high degree of organization and willingness of your men to rerform under most trying conditions. For this outstanding performance I congratulate you and your men. 11 From Fifth Army Adv OP to CG, Fifth Army (G-4). RN' 632. "Request you send another ship to arrive 130600 in addition to Fletcher and 1 additional ship requested for 120600. Cresop will finish tonight and Grey sometime tomorrow. LCM 1 s foun~ to be impracticable cannot he utj_lized at Xray beach and tie up berth space in harbor. Both port and navy personnel recommend against furtrer use of LCM's and return of same to DUKO. Concur in recommendations. Read General CLARK'S personal nessage to assembled port and naval personnel at port meeting and gave copies to Port Commandant and NOIC, Anzio personally on behalf of General CLA...llK. h1rsonnel expressed pleasure in no uncertain · terms, thanks." * * * PRESENZAN0--MARCH 12, 1944--General Clark today remained at his cornmand post engaged in administrative work. The attack on Cassino was still deferred because of weather, although it was hoped to get it off on Tuesday. At 1030 thj_s morning Colonel Sullivan arrived at the comJ11.and post, at General Clark's jnvitation, and General Clark pinned his new Brigadier General stars on his classmate's shoulders. Shortly thereafter, General Templer, Commandjng the 56th Division, arrived and had a brief talk with General Gruenther and later with General Clark. In the evening General Clark showed a r.10vie film at the hut called "The Miracle at Morgan's Creek". The fj_lrn was preceded by a buffet supper at which the General entertained. a number of staff officers and also Lt. Col. Daly of the 16th Evacuation Hospital with some of his staff. General Clark sent the following cable to General Truscott today. RN 5454. "Shall be glad to see Butler tomorrow. Weather forecast and expected ground conditions for March 14th unfavorable. I am willing to have you attack on March 15th, and I desire that you prepare plans on that basis. Weather permitting all out air effort will be given your front on March 14th. However, it should be understood by you that Cassino attack has top :r:riority and must take place as soon as weather permits. This means that ff weather prediction at 1800 hours any day indicates favorable weather for Cassino attack on following day entire air effort will support Cassino attack even though your attack is still in progress. Moreover, bulk of air will probably be needed for Cassino attack for two days after Cassino D day. If Cassino attack starts while your attack is in progress I will do everything possible to give you some air effort, but it will probably be light. Your comments and recommendation desired. New subject 168 CT scheduled to leave Naples March 20th. If you desire I will delay until March 22 in order to give more time to absorb replacements scheduled to arrive Naples March 14th. 11 �PRESENZANO--MARCH 13, 1944--The bad weather again deferring the Cassino attack, General Clark this morning remained at bis co:rm:1.and post disposing of administrative matters. Just before lunch he pinned the Silver Star on lVfaj. Gen. Lucas who is about to leave Fifth Army for the United States. Following lunch the General flew by cub to the 34th Division cub field north of Benevento where h('l presented 3 DSC I s, 54 Silver Stars and 4 Soldier's Medals. He returned from this flight at 1600. \ This evening Generals Clark and Gruenther and Lt. Col. Sutherland vmre entertained at dinner ·by General Juin. The weather forecast for tomorrow is again bad, and the Cassino attack has again been deferred, to the great annoyance of General Clark. The weather here j_s perfect today with sunshine, a diminishing wind and unrestricted visibilityo However, the XII Air Support Conmand reports that conditfons at Foggia yesterday were such that bombardment planes could not get off the ground at all. The cons:ideratfons which defer the Cassino operation must obviously be those applicable to tl1e area. as a whole and not to a small part of it which can be seen from any one position. The planes for the attsck come from as far away as Foggia on one side and Sardinia on the other, and good weather in one Italian valley is not indicative of good weather in all areas concerned. Today, by letter, "Relief of Remaining British Troops in 10 Corps Sector~" the details of the relief of certain units of 10 Gorps by French Expeditionary Corps between 19 and 29 March were set forth. Today the following cable was received from AFHQ relative to the departure of General Lucas, Deputy A:rmy Commander, from Fifth Army: RN 63886. 11 Upon General Lucas arrival in Algiers orders will be issued for permanent change of station to the United States vdth travel vi.a United Kingdom. If aide or aides are to accompany General Lucas request names and serial numbers so that they may be placed on the same order. You are further authorized to issue appropriate orders transferring an enlisted man with General Lucas baggage to the United States via water transportation." General Truscott cabled General Clark as follows today: RN 1055. "My attack not practicable under conditfons stated jn your 5454. I consider all out air effort D-1 continuing through attack to be essential owing to relative combat strength, enemy organization, and difficult terrain. Yiith adequate support I hope to complete operation on D-2; thus I feel that a:ir effort should be allocated to this force for approximately 4 days to begin operation. I do understand that Cassino attack has top priority; however, every day's delay here increases enemy ground organization and makes the attack more difficult. If weather forecast indicates unfavorable conditions for Cassino for 3 or 4 days I recommend you allocate air effort to me and let me proceed v;rith attack. Butler is enroute by cub. He has air plan and can amplify my views. Recommend no delay in shipping RCT 168. 11 �fRESENZANO--MARCF 14, 1941~- -This norning General Lucas , together vri th his two aides , Major Renne and Captain Eyster, left the Fifth Army con.'7and rost enroute 1 to Algiers , UK and the lrnited States, pursuant to the orders of cable ~ 63886 , quoted in yesterday ' s diary. The General receivo.d a brief call fror.i Colonel Tully, who cane in w-ith a quantity of in+'orl'l1ation about the errployP1ent of some Italian railroad artillery pressed into service of the Fift]:, Army and was now being fir'3d against the Gerr:ians . General Clark spent the day jn his comancl rost engaged in aclrnj_ nistrative Matters . In the aftr:irnoon Lieutenant General Leese, who had just arrivod , storped to pay a short visit of courtesy. He was acconpanied by Lieutenant General Kirknan , Cor'nanding the British 13 Corps . Late j_n the afternoon word was received from General Cannon that the wea ther reports for the followinf! day were favorabl/3 anc'l thRt tho Cassino attack was definitely scheduled . Generals Clark and Gruenthl'lr trereupon planned to go up to Headquarters New Zealand Corps , frol"" whicr they would be taken to an OP to observe the attack . The following are the jmportant nessages of the day : Fron HQ AAI to Fifth Army. RN O 2275 . 11 4 Div on vrithdra.wel fro,· 10 Corrs will pass to Corid 5 Corps v,here it will relieve 1 CDN Div vrhlch in tu:rn will pa.s s to Cond CDN Corps . Withdrawal of 4 Div from the line Yrill be as follm"S . 10 BDE GF 22 Iinr . 12 BDE GP 25 MBrch. HQ 4 Div Div Sigs Iert Div TFS 25 Mar . Balance Div TFS ?6 Mf'r . 28 BDE GI, rpprox 30 TJ'iarch to be confirmed by Fiftr Army later. :,3 Arrnd BDE GP less 46 RTR will be i:rithdrawn c'l1trin 6 this p:!riod and will pass to cOJ11d 5 Corps e.nd will relieve 1 CDH Arny Tank BDE whicr will revert corid CDN Corps . Fifth Army will Brrancre c1ircct v;ith 5 Corrs for the required Reece parMes to rove in advance to ensure no deley jn take over on arrivnl. A meeting will be held at this Hq Ht 1030 hou:rs 18 !1arch to decide all detBils o.f' the reliefs and l"loveP1ents in the above regrouping. This Hq 1aill arrr->.ngc nccn for rep or reps 5 Corps night 15/16 t-~circh . Reps Fifth Arny Eigtth /\.rrny 5 Corps F'lrmbo nill cit tend . 11 Personal Truscott to ClPrk. R\T 1075 . 11 I expect to rnlease Gen<>rel Evelegh about 0 0 r~arch. I h'3lieve hi.s r~placerent should be here by 18 flPrcJ,, to be with hin for a day or so prior to his departure and he here during rroposed attack . Cl'm ~rou nake Richardson available by that date? 11 Fersonal Clar}- to Truscott . RH 5493 . "Brigadier RichPrd Goodbody llAs been selected to replace Evelegh . He 1rill arrive here tomorrow and will be sent to you within next few days . " Clark to Truscott . RN 5490 . 11 There is a cr:i ticP 1 shortage of l05mn 2mriunition ju this tr>eatcr c1 espite riy nost urgent arpcals which have been sent directly t0 the War Departnent . Recent shirmnts of tJ:,is type of anr.iunition have been reduced helow al"'ounts prevjously aut:borized ana expected . Future a.llotr1ents n1av be reduced hecause of higher priorities for otPAr theaters . Exrenditures on the ri1ain army f'ront ha.vc been reduced to the Pbsolute riinimu.rn to rrovide cdditional anounts for the bridp:ehead . i �"Fron this dete until April 6 inclusi vo thA followinp; l"nmunition will be avn ilr1b1_e in thr- bri..dgchead: On hand rt A:nzj_o Arny ASP I s 111800 tre sun of 137927 r01mds; on hand at Anzio '<Im rositions cv~185 rounds; rlue to be shiprcd by 12 narch but not shipped as of 101800 hours q4074 rounds; to be shiprcd d11rj n~ :1r>rioo 12 Harer to h April ;:,q5000 rounds; total on hand or due in to 6 Aprj_l 6211~6 rounds. 11 Bffective irmcdiately fill previous allocations 105nm howitzer aJ'l1l'1unition to VI Corps ere cancelled. In order to provide for enem" counterattac'rn, losses b'r shipping, unfavorable lm,.ding poriods an<l sorie reserve for a T'!ajor attack after the 14th Division t1rrives in the beachhead, you trill fi_y your rates of ~xp:ind-ltures, includinP," yonr ettack cxrcnditures, so thAt on April 6 there i::ill be 2goooo rounc'1s in the bcacl~heed. It is estinatcd t:rat this will leave · approximately 130000 rounds at gun posHions and 150000 rou_m'1s in Army dllJ"lps. "There cen he no further allocations -ror the period. It ~s regretted that tLis restriction is necessary but only after careful ccnsideration and study this decision has been riade. Ac1~nowledge receipt of tbis ressage. n Hews carrie through toray thrit G('nerA 1 Gira,10 1 s dauglitcr rad died in a Ger!"lan concentration camp. General Clark dispatched the follo-\'Jing C[lble to the French Col"t!"'ander-in-Chief. RN 5517. "You rave ny sincer" r>nd ceep syripathy for your sad loss." * * * fP.ES"~l,TZANO--MARCH 15, 1944--The Jonrs-av10ited but oft-postponed P..ttack on Cassino too}: rl11ce tor'Py. At 0700 Gcnerril Clerk, r>cconran~cd by Generr,l Gru"nther, left Ms commancl rost rind rlrove to the Feadqurrters o+" the \Tew Zealand Corrs near :3an pjetro. There he vms net by Generril Freyburg, Genor2l Alexen<l0r, General °SPker, GenerE'l Dcv"'rs a.ncl a Dost ..,ore hj_gh ranlring officers. Guided by a Now Zea.lend Corps o-"ficer, General ClA.rk drove to Cnrvaro whr>re a special observation post had been set asil'e for him. It was located in an old battered stone house on tre nortl' side o:f' Ccrvaro, and +'rom thl"1 second floor Crssino is little less than three niles eway and plainly vjsible. Othsr o"'ficers who used G-.nernl Clark's OP nere General Devers, General Gr11anth0r, Gr:merP 1 Chr11~ncey, General Devers 1 Chief of Staff, and Colon0l Harrison of Gcncrri.l Dcv0rs I Staff.,..,_ --::;- l .._,._,._.J ~ I •.t. ~ ~ 4-- ,,.._..,.:t P"' ~ t ~ - ~ + t. .,.k.... ~ ......... General Clark ::-eached the OP at 08?0 -:>nd rroriptly at OPi~O tre first wave of bot!bers carri0 fl y:i.ng diroctl ,r over Cerwro Pnil thP✓n 0'mred their load on Cassino. Gener<>l Glrr 1r tood o:n th~ brlcony of Ms OT Pnd wrtched tb~ bor1bing I thronr.:h field r,:lasses. The first bombers were B-26•s, and they la.id 80% of { their bombs in the heart of the town. A few bombs were short, landing just on our s5de of the Rapido River. VIhen the bor1bs hit, they sent quicl , stRbbine flashP,s of nran1;e fln.11~, ri"'d t}~is W8S fol]_..or.rcd b~r n joint ernption o-r srio'k:~ and debris. By the t:inc tre first mwe of ho:1bers had rassed ('Ver Cassino, tLc to'm rms alnost oblitcrt1ted 1) . ' sroke ancl dust. At 08/~5 the sec0nd vmve of bor,bers, Flying Fortresses, droy:p:-.d t'v~jr load, and General Clark's OT- :.,hoo-k v~ obntl7 ,'ncer th~ i.,.,pact of t11e bfo.st. Tr~ bor:ibing continu~d on an almost uninterrupted schednle 1mtil noon. There were two untoward incirlents . One wave of bonbcrs dropped a stic1, near San f.!jchele, which is well within our \ 0 �lines. This stick landed arprox-iriotely two riiles north~ast of' the Gl')nArA.1 1 s On9 b0nber i-., anoth,..,r wave unloaded its bo,-,bs aprrovinatcly one mile vrest of' the Gen~ral I s OP and killed severa 1 rc9n in a NeVT Zealand artill ~ry battery. General Clark was extrer,,elv d~ sturberl by t11ese two occurrences, and General Cannon, who also had co,..,e to General Clark's or, got on tre rhone to the XII Air Suprort Com~and, in an attenpt to nak~ sure that no bonbs 1imulo ½e dropp~d unless the crews v1ere sure that they were over the target . Th~ first tno waves ret absolutel:,r no enemy fighters !1.or ener:iy flak. V1ter in the '"'Orninrs bo,..,bers trat turned vrest after },itting Cassino ran :nto re.ther } light flak soril') ten niles west of' Cassino . 1Jot cne rlane was stJen to crash. nr. Between tre v:aves of bonbers, fifth Army artillP-ry lobb~d occasional shells into Cassino . A total of 1320 tons of hor:bs were c'1rorped on_ th") tovm of Cassino during the day. 'i'l'~ attackincr ships :l ncluc'ed 134 Heavies, 255 Fighter Bo,.,bers, or light boribers , and t}-,9 renainder Medium Borib"!rs. Durj n[; tY,e day the Air Corrs flew 820 sorties over Cassino and dispritched a total of 1150 rlanes. The Hediur,., Bor:b0rs Wt"lre by far tre rost accurnte, and Gen~ral Clark was extremely pl'3ascd \Ti tri their vrork . \ rronptly at noon, whem t1-,e last borbers had du..nped their bo;1bs on Cassino, Fifth Arny artillery openF-d ur w~tr. a trc11endous barrage thn.t literally shook the grouni:1, Bnd Fifth Arr,y 5nfantry and ~ng; necrs, \"1'0 },ad been wa-i ting in th~ flatlands behind the Bapico River, began r;oving forvm.rcl j nto Cassino. Th~ r:;tms k~pt up their barrage until 1420, thrm j ng tons of 1~ igh exr losi ves into Cassino and into tre rtont1stery as well. Durini:; the bo'ibing and thn artiller;r barrage Gen"'ral Clark r10.de trips to various oth0r buildinr,s in Cervaro nrh~re oth~r OP 1 s were situated. He also vm.lked approx5nritely 1/? mile farth")r clmm tbeJ road toward Crissino so he could better see t},e effect of t1~is trenendous assault . On his return he stopp"ld in at the observation rost wh,,re t},e war correspondents vere watching th~ hattle, aY1.d 1"e chatted with them for several ninutes . Gen0ral Clnr1r R lso ··,ent down to the :'J0v1 Zealand Corrs Adve.nce CI, about 200 ynrc.;s f'rom G~n~ral Cl8rk 1 s or, rind got reports on trrJ f'ip;hting. By l"1id-afternoon th"l troops 1·er~ well into Cassino. and they had taken Hill #1q3, a rise that overlooks the entire town. Through his fil"lld glasses Gen"lral Clar1,, cm1ld see our tanks rioving into town, but rcrorts cane back that the tanks ,,ere having difficulty because of the tret1cndous craters J"'lade ~ n +.he roads by tr e boT"bers . General Cler1r riade four trips Pcross the field to tte Jfow Zealand or. Dud ng the afternoon the Germans threw a few shells into the -:·enaral area , th1 closest landing about 400 yr'lrds frorn the ClA.rk OP. During Most of the e.fternoon Gen~ral Clark sat on the ed~e of the ) balcony, his legs hanging over the edge , 1,eeping his ffold v,lasses on tr"l torm of Cassino and chatt-inr; '"ith the GcnE'!rnls w·ho were with rim. 1 By 1600 it was appRrcnt th~t the ettock ,ms 17,oing fairly '7ell but tl1at the bo,,..bing and qrtill")ry !:ad not driven the Gernans frorn Cassino and that they rrere putting up rath~r stiff oprosition. The Indian Gurl..ras uere to have at.. tacvnd late tonif;ht up t1"P. slopes .,,.roM t:re town of Cassino to the Abbey. Aft'1r a final chec 1: at G~ncrnl Freyburg' s OF and a brief talk ,-,~th General Gallov ay, Cor1rio:r1.0er of the l+t} Indfon Di vision ,-ho rad cone be ck to the nevr Zealand Corps or, Gnneral Clark, still acconpanied by Gen9ral Gruonther, drove . I �lY9 back to his coMP1and post Pt Presenzano, arriving th0re at 1650 .. G8neral Clark this evening cabled General Truscott as follows: RN 7961. "Attack on Cassino took pl2ce today vrit}, all out air effort from 0830 to noon and heavy fighter bonher effort this afternoon. Bonb:i ng appeared to be effective aJ.though tanks hwe not been abl"o to rass through tmm yet because of debris. Attack to take Monastery Hill will he mode tonight. Progress generally satisfactor7 although slower than ant:icipated. TAC R spotted heavy rioter novenents from Frosinone area tovmrd Cassino late this afternoon. 19th is earliest date for your attack. fiill k8ep you advised. 11 The Air Support Control Sectfon reported today on the bombing of our troops by our own planes. Their report may be sUTir:1arized as follows: On the 15th the first bonbs dropped on Allied troops on the Cassino front fell on 0930 hours, and this "friendly11 bombPrdl"'lent continued until 1130 hours. The bonba.rdr1.ent was quite indiscriminate, as the Folisl1 Corps, the New Zealand Corps, tho French EYfPditionary Corrs at Vl'.lnafro anrl. Eighth Army Headquarters in Venafro were all, turn and turn about, the objects of this bombardment. In all, the Polish Corps lost 3 r1en wounded, the Bighth Army Headquarters lost 7 men wounded, the French Expeditionary Corps lost 1 officer and 5 men killed and 52 wounded, the New Zealand Corps lost 11 nen killed, 2 offj cers killed and ?.4 mi:in wounded. l I \ \ l General Juin turned in a separate report for Ue French vfr•ich can not be entirely reconciled wj th tho Air Support Control report. According to General Juin, on the 15th the first bar.bing of the :F'rencb occurred at 1000 when one or two Fortresses dropped B bombs on Macchia d 1 Isornia, causini; no casualties, and tvrelve hombs were dropped on Vemtfro and vicinity, two of wt1ich fell on the 1-1 ills overlooking the cor:1nand post and ten on the town itself. The Venafro bor,,bing caused two sold51;r and q1Jite r-,. few civilian casualties. At 1020 one or tno Fortresses drorred about thirty bombs in the J'ozzillj_ area, killing 4 French, including a battalion cormander, and woundJ ng 34, includj ng two officers. At 1125 about 15 Fortresses bonbed the Volturno valley from Macchia d I Isernia to a point just south of Ven~fro, re,sul ting j n one French soldier killed and eight wounded. The total casualties come to~ killed, including one officer, and 52 wounded, including two officers. GonerF,1 Juin also reported that at Eighth Army Advance CF 10 British 1vere killed and the losses among the civilians at Vena.fro are esttnated at 40 killed and 100 wounded. (The General adds a footnote to his report that on the 16th of March six New Zealand fighter honbers bombed and strafed tl1e Frencl1 at Belvedere and dropped leaflets inviting the Germans to surrender.) * * * FRESENZANO--MARCH 16, 19/i/4--Today the rrincipal subject of interest Y1as the rrog-ress of the attack on Cassino. General Clark received frequent bulletins throughout the day, and in the afternoon nont by j~ep to Sradger 1 s OP where he checked for h·iMsolf tho gains being nade. Irisonr,rs of war indicated that tbe bonbardri.o:nt had caused considerable casualties c.nong the Gernans. One difficulty arose througl, the trouble the attackers had in rJ'etting tanks across borb cratc~rs and throup;h the ruhblo filled streets of the town. One crater had to be bridged by engineers before it could be crossed. Dt:irjng tho course of the � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, February 23 - March 15, 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from February 23-March 15, 1944. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1569 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/7bbbad21e50065db73b66207446e22e4.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=rBv0%7Eg-cF8ifbdNj-qHeM-07GUW0Btg%7EDeGBMia2UuoEKXpkvF7WwBGhVWQ0JmLgVPhapsndTGJUPSG51F3%7E-CMoqBxvjAqHYHzREMo%7E89olizAjVM%7EbSHlz0RMjc8d4UQjKr-IHd%7E3-4Jhh3wRpS3oBBFGDAWPZvi-gUB6D%7EGJt02VtBSvoQFbz4gDOtIfGwuk2KA6MDPCRghV7gxUuhNuCBLz7fRJYJyYC5Jb12JToR9P0TJ87W%7E2sqUQ5IYCXN7T8SD7dfcIzOfPuUq1swr7m2k1B%7EGxVGtBfyfmM2rahx9gLdV%7EJiDKyq0G-30fJeNlm6toLol1rH0gMpMQ5eA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 49f0509be2cef072d7c60b021fb5b385 PDF Text Text ( Y£ARRAKECH, FEBRUARY 26, 1943 -- General Clark visits the fouk, or native quarter, of Marrakech today. He is accompanied by the son of Cherif Mohamed belkhayat, who will act as guide an<l whose shop is to be visited. The General's car twists and turns its way down the nar:row streets of the Casbah, moving slowly through crowds of Arabs, donkies and camels. At the entrance to the Cherif's house, the party is met by women sleves who conduct them to the rooms in which are displayed the various goods the Cherif has to sell. After long haggling, a few purchases are ma.de, and the inevitable Moorish mint tea is served by the Cherif while he displays his pet objects of art and his tt-easures, including an estimated 500·,·000 francs worth of ambergris. Returning to Mr. Pendar 1 s villa, lunch is served. Topics revolve around political situations and possible civil, as well as military, situations which may <�evelop in the future. After lunch, the entire party goes to the grounds ( ( �55 I:::� ( of the Glaoui for a game of golf on his 18 hole course, strange contrast in this amazing mixture of medieval feudalism and 20th century comforts and pleasures. On the last hole the players are joined by the Pasha himself, dressed modern golf knickers and stylish European sport clothes - a decided contrast to his .rabian robes in which he was last seen. At dinner at Pendar's villa that evening is assembled a varied array of dis­ tinguished people - a variety which it would be difficult to equal any other place in the world. General Clark; Colonel Saltzman; Robert Murphy; Ted Culbert; the Mirquis and Marquise de Cha.ponay, the latter a princess of the House of Orleans: Si Mohamed Menhbi, the son of a former Glaoui, and Moulay Larbi, a relation by marriage, black and fat, both anti-French and pro-American; the colored singer ann entertainer, Josephine :&.ker; and Si Mehdie Glaoui, capable sone of the old Pasha. After a pleasant evening, during which the Arabians take advantage of the oppor­ tunity to express their dissatisfactions for the French and profess their ·rriendship for the Americans, and Josephine !¾Lker sings bits of songs which she made famous on the Paris stage, the guests depart and those staying at the villa turn in for the night. ( MAR..ll.AKECH-OUJDA, FEBRUARY 27, 1943--Ceneral Clark confers with General Wilson, commanding the Atlantic Base Sect.ion, this morning concerning ABS matters, politi­ cal events as they do and could affect the Fifth Army, problems of billeting and other matters. Wilson has flown dovm fvom Casablanca. When this conference is closing, a French group, headed by Generals Nogues and Martin, arrives to take General Clark on an inspection of the civil hospital in .Marrakech which may be used to care for American troops. General Clark wants to appraise a nd inspect its facilities. After driving to the hospital, the inspection party is met by M. Ghapuis, Director, and memb�rs of his staff. Tbe hospital is a large, white, modern build­ ing placc'<i in a beautiful setting. It is an airy, well-lain-out building, with 140-bed capacity. It seems to be ad�quately equipped but will reed additions to its present equipment if it is to be used. as an American military hospital. M. Chapuis states that he pequires 40 beds and the necessary equipment to go with them in order to :function ad�quately. The General promises he will see that they are supplied. As soon as the inspection is completed, General Clark and his accompany­ ing officers re-enter their cars and drive to the.residence of the Caid el Ayadi, Chef de �a Tribu des Rehamna. The Ca.id meets his callers at the entrance to his palace and conducts them to a small reception room off of the tyJ)ically Morrish courtyard where he serves them the regulation Moorish drink of mint tea with small cakes and sweets of almond paste. After a pleasant visit, �uring which time the General speaks of the friendly relations which exist between the Americans and Moroccans, the party returns to Mr. �endar 1 s villa. At 12:15, the General and his party again leave for Dar Moulay, residence of General lll.artin, Chef de la Region de Marrakech, where a luncheon is to be served in his honor. Shortly after the meal is completed, the general and his party leave for the airport. ( As the strains of the French and American National Anthems die away, Clark and Nogues shake hands and the party which now consists of General Clark, Colonel Saltzman, Major Knight, Major Ball, Mr. Murphy and Sgt. Chaney boards the B-17 for their :ireturn to Oujda. A course is flown which skirts the edge of the Middle �5G ( Atlas Mountain Range. As the plane passes over Guercif, evidence is seen of modern American encampments, the headquarters of the 30th Infantry. At 4:30 the plane lands at Oujda where the General's cars are waiting. Mr. Murphy is taken on to Algiers in the General's B-25, and the rest of the party return to the headquarters of the Fifth Army. * ( ( * * �( OUJDA, FEBRUARY 28, 1943--The situation at the front has i.llproved since General Clark's depar;t,ure fro• Fifth Anq Headquarters. The Geraans have been driven back through Kasserine Pass with heavy aen and 11a.teriel losses. Follow­ illg up this drive, our tr•ops retake Kasserine, Sbeitla, the illportant Thelpte air field, then Feria.J:18.. The Axis forces are heading back for Faid pass fro• whence they started the attack. IA the •orthern sector, the Axis has atteapted a drive but it has been replused lTJ the British troops holding that area. The Geraans and !tali.alls aade some slight adTances but these have been nullified by the ti.Ile General Clark returns to his headquarters from his long i�spection trip that accomplished, basically, two things: it cave the general a chance to put his filllger on the pulse of both FreRch and Arabian sentiaent, both in regard to the war and toward each other, and he Atld aa opportUJrlty to look over soae of the far-flung regions of the area tor which his Firth Aray is responsible. Geaeral Clark spends aost of the day going through the stacks of paper that have accUllulated during his absence. Conferences with General Gruenther are frequent. With the aonth ending and still no sign of a move that would necessitate putting operation Backbone into effect, revised plans must be whipped into shape since, effective tomorrow, the Northern Task Force, which has been ready to go froa England should the Spanish Morocco situation deaand it, will be released for use elsewhere. During the aftel"llOon, General Clark receives u urgent telephone call froa Geaeral Eisenhower and tlte aead of the Fifth Aray is to fly to Algiers tomorrow for conferences. * * * OUJDA-ALGIIll.S-OU.JDA:, MARCH 1, 1943--Accoapanied by General Moran, Colonels Bet111 and Wood and Captain Houston, General Clark takes off for Algiers at 8:48 this aorning in his B-17. Tae flight over is um.eventful and as soon as the Fly­ ing Fortress lands at Maison Blanche, General Clark is whisked into Algiers aad goes into conference i:ulediately with General Eisenhower. The talk lasts throughout aost of the da7 with Ge•eral Eisellhower explailrll:ag the situatio• at the front a•d the •ew co1Ul8.D.d setup in detail. Main reason for General Clark's Tisit to Allied Force Headquarters is to discuss the future of the Fifth Anq-. Fer the time bei-c--watil the next big operation--the Fifth Aray will be, basically, a traWiag ar,q, preparuc, through aaphibious, paratreop, llb.e lay-ing aad deaolition and other type schoels, for a future operation. General Clark will alse be charged with conducting replaceaent traini� centers through which troops will be fed to the TunisiaJa front. Geaeral Clark aust set up new schools througho�t the district. Ill addition to this training work, which aeans the Fifth Aray probably will spearhead the next big ailitary operation, General Clark is still charged with being prepared for any aoves that •ight be necessit­ ated by a change in the Spanish situation and with responsibility for security within the nst area or which the Fitth Aray has charge. {. B,y the tiae Ge•eral Clark departs for Maison Blanche to board his Flying Fertress tor the retuni trip to Oujda, future pla•s--at least for the aext few aonths--lls.ve bee• outlilted fer the Firth Aray. In all probability, General Clark �( will reJaaiJl at Oujda uatil well into the hot weathor. Tae f'light back is aade a excellent tae, the General's plane landing at Oujda two hours and ten •inutes after leaving Maison Blanche. The general, arriving at the airport at 5:50 PM, c•es straight to his villa. He obviously is pleased that his assigDllent has bee• clarified, that he now lcnows more definitely just what the iaaediate i'uDure of the Fifth Ars:y is to be. The 36tla Division is coaing over from the United States to •ove into the Fifth Aray area, talce specialized training and be ready for use if Backbone er any other urge•t operation is necessary. * * OUJDA, MARCH 2, 1943--In ioag conferences with various General Clark outlines in detail today future plans for his Chief •f Staff, General Gruenther, and his G•J section, the iag the groundwork fer establishlleat of the Tarious schools gas training, airborne and air-ground support training. * meabers of his staf'f, Fifth Ar,q. With the genoral begins lay• fer aountain warfare, The ieneral 1 s e».tire day is s nt in cearing these plans. He alse pores over illcoaing papers. The situation at the front is better than it has been fer two weeks. The only Axis actiTity is in the northern secst�r but an attempted drive around Medjez El Bab is beate• back. On the south, the British Eighth Aray is ••• pushing ever closer to the Gabes corridor and is on the fringe of the Mareth liu. pe Regarding the future of the Fifth Ara.y, General Clark has this to say: "We are c1'larged with training troops for uother operation in which we will not be inwlTed as a lleadquarters, in which I will not have co1111and or be personally involvea. I a11 charged with training ground and air units which, at a later tiae, will be set aside as a Task Force alongside a suilar British Task Force. Both will be under British Coamand. This plan is predicated on our expected victory in Twli.sia. Realizbg that the •ore we aove to the east, the aore juicily does a aoveaeat into Spa.in dangle before the eyes of the Germans, A•erican troops taat have been fighting in Tunisia--about four divisioas--will be aoved back to this area while the British coaaanded operation, in which troops trained by us will take part, is in progress." * * * OUJDA, MARCH 3, 1943--In addition to working further oa plans for the wrious Fifth Anay training schools, General Clark buttons up today plans for the Aray 1 s first CollJlalld Post Exercise, one that will involve movement of the advance echelon by air. Main purpose of the CPX will be to test the echelon's •obility and its ability to lead speedily aboard transport planes not only section equipaent and personnel but also transportation. Eight eps will be taken by air to the CP which will be at Marrakech, abost 500 •ilea fro• Fifth Aray Headquarters at Oujda. The CPX will start froa here on Saturday •orning. pe The G-3 aection is working up a preble• that involves 8Jl eneay landing on the shores of Ifni, just seuth of French Moreece. The general is intensely in• terested in the proble• or leadi11g the transport planes and the first "dry runs" are gone through today. Th.e 11 eps" just barely squeeze through the wide doors of the C•47s. pe �( In the eyen.ing·, Ge•er�l Clark aad seTeral of his Staff Officers are the gueste of French General Beucler at a dinner-dance at the French Officers Mess in Oujda. The general sits in the seat of honor and the •ain courses are brought to hi.a for inspection before they are served. General Clark leaves the dance at ll PM since lle 11\lSt arise early toaorrew te drive south of Berguent where he is to hunt cazelle with a few of his officers and some French officials. * * * OUJDA-BERGUENT-OUJDA., MARCH '4, 1943--At 7:30 AM, General Clark, accompanied by General Blesse, Colonel Barker, Lieutenant Colonel Pickering, Majors Ball and Mial leave for Berguent by autoaobile. Three " pe eps" have proceeded them and at Berguent they transfer to the quarter-tons after picking up the civil controller •f the Berguent district, M. Che•eau. The ent�urage goes far out into the desert country, about 50 Jdloaeters fro• Berguent, and the jeeps start cruising to find the gazelles. Luck is poor s• fiJl8.l.ly two quarter-tons, including the general's, stop and the lunches are bawled out. No sooner is eating underway than the third jeep races up and Major Mial reports that a large herd of gazelle has been found. The hunters race away and soon they are bounding ever the rocky and so•etimes dirt hUJ1ped desert after the.darting gazelle. Firing with carbines and shotguns, dust flyi.ni and jeeps twisting after the bebbing anj•als, the party brings down 15 aa1•als. Later, General Clark also shoots amt outard, a ducklike bird with a huge windspread. The general gets it as it is running to �e orr. Fellewing the successful. llunt, the gaae is loaded in the jeeps and the general's party drives back to Berguent, transfer to sedans and return to Oujda. It is late waen t•ey arrive and the general goes straight to his villa to dress fer a dinner given in ais honor by Colonel and Mae Herckel. Herckel is General Beucler's Ckief of Staff. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 5, 194.3-General Clark has a long and stern talk today witlt Colonel Guillauae, General Nogues• advisor on political affairs in French Mor­ occo. General Clark is increasingly worried about Nogues and think:s he aight :have to "let hi.a go." During his conf'erence, he inthates strongly to Guillauae that ae is far fro• pleased with Nogues• actions. ( As soon as Guillaua• is in his office, General Clark tells bi.a that General Giraud issued orders en January 30 releasing all Allied prisoners in Frenca North Africa. However, continues General Clark, Nogues did not publish the order until 111arch 3. "I want you to impress on General Nogues,11 declares General Clark, 11 taat we want quick action. We can put up with delays and excusesln Asked if Eilr3' Allied prisoners were still being held, GuillaUJle replies that some prinoners are still being held in French Morocc& but that they are also charged with other crimes. General Clark declares that he is tired of these "laae excuses," that soae of theee prisoners were ordered released as long ago as last Noveaber. He add� that Nogues has been asked to furnish a list of naaes of political prisoners and that this list aust be forthcc,aing soon. "You had better re-orient yourselves," General Clark says, "because I aa going to get the action I seek1 n General Clark leaves no doubt in Guillauae 1 s a.ind that he is displeased with several things Negues is doing. Fauals BrT �Go In a defensive effort, Guillauae says that it is felt that action is not preceeding fast enough on the Oujda water systea. General Clark calls his blu.f'f', bring:s in his Engineer Officer, Colene! BoWIIB.n, who shows that the work of laying pipelines a.nd bringing water fro• the oasis is on schedule. General Clark then lets GuillaUlle know that he is going to get tough with M. Bouyssi, Chef de la Region of Oujda. Tae next question that co•es up is based on a report by General Martin at Marrakech that nrelations between Allerican soldiers passing through Marrakech and· the local Moroccan population are rather cold." Martin says the Aaericans seea to faver Jewish aerchants and Jewish guides. General Clark believes this pre-Jewish prepaganda "is being sponsored by the residency." He says it does net coincide "with the desire of the Arabs, as expressed by the Glaoui, for closer contacts with the Aaericans.n As he discusses the Martin report with Guill.auae, General Clark declares t:tiat this Arab-Jewislt feeling in Marrakech "ia your ewn dirty linen and you JlUSt clean it up. 11 He adds that he doesn't believe Martin's report is true; that the Glaoui hi.llself has told him that he wants a close relationship between the Arabs and the Aaericans. He intillates that soae of the French officials are trying to bring a strain between Arabs_ and Aaericans. As far as the guides to the Casbah are concerned, that, says General Clark, is a problea that lecal authorities aU8t settle because the Aaericsns don't care who guide the• as long as the guide does a good job. ( The final point that co•es up concerns the distribution of food t� the French Moroccan population. General Clark declares that it aust be distributed quickly and that the recipients aust be infol"lled that the supplies are being furnished by the Aaerica.rus. All in all, Guillauae has a pretty rugged ti.Me bafore the General whose main purpose is to have Nogues 1 advisor go back to the Resident General and let hi• know that General Clark is not going to stand for any shiftiness on Nogues part. General Clark writes two letters to General Eisenhower today explaining several Fifth Arsy Mtters. In the first lle outlines plans for the CPX which will start toaorrow. He the• sketches the plan for another CPX--involving motor aoveaent--•n March 15 that will be held about 40 niles south of Berguent. He inforas General Eisenhower that the first phase of the Invasion Training Center cadre instruction is over and that each regiaental combat teaa of the Jrd Division will undertake two weeks of intensive training starting March 25. The second letter concerns a Fif'th Arsy training problea. Writes General Clark to General Eisenhower: ( "I was glad to kave the eppertwdty to talk with you en Mc.>nday. It clar­ ified several pe>inte which were previously in doubt. "Wken I returlled here I was disappointed to learn that orders will be is• sued soon by the Northwest African Air Force disbanding the Detacbn.ent of the XII Air Support Ceuand which has been attached to this headquarters. I consider this action aost regretable, especially in view of ground-air cooperation train­ ing aission assigned to us in AFHQ training aeaorandUJl mmber 13. The combat experience at the Tunisian front indicates that we are very lax in our ground­ air te8.JI play. In ay opinion our troops would be able to evercoae this defect if we could ever permit our Ground and Air Corps officers to work and live together fer a reasonable period of tille. In the Fifth Aray we have begun to achieve ex­ cellent staff cooperation between the two components, and I all confident that we coul�,have bui.lt an effective air-ground combat combination that would have packed a recu. wa.L1op. c· �( "URdoubtedly, this aatter has been carefully weighed by Spaatz and his staff, and if it is impossible to aaintain an air support detachllent with JAY headquarters, at least General Cannon, who is Spaatz• representative in Casa­ bluca, should be directed to carry out extensive ground-air training with the Fifth Anq. This should eabrace a provision that air units including air support control and air support couunication squadron should be made available to us tor training. This, in JAY opinion, will not produce the results we seek. It seells to ae that while this skeletonized e:iwy is en a training aission primarily, we should not fail to take advantage of this opportunity to develop a positive air-ground set-up behind the lines which will be effective when combat coaes. The only way this can be done is to have the nucleus 0f an air support co11111laild, with means of coaaunication under 1AY control and at ay headquarters." a&•, An event of long in which General Clark was the prilte taover, is ooaing to trui1i:>n. B•b Murphy calla General Clark today to say that Madaae Darlan and her paralysis-suffering son are going to go to the States •o the late AdJtiral 1 fl son can take treataents at Want Springs. Genera1 Clark aade the suggestion to Mrs. Darlan the day prior to the Adllira1 1 s assassination in Algiers. FellowiDg the Adlliral 1 s death, Mrs. Darlan felt that she should not go to the States. When President Roo3evelt was in Casablanca, General Clark aentioned that he had proposed that Mrs. Darlan take her son to Warm Springs and the President said he thought it was a splendid idea and that he would be glad to have thea. The result is that Mrs. Darlan, her son and the son's wife will be flown to the States. General Clark orders a C-54, four-aotored trans­ pert, to go to �abat, where the Darlan 1 s are living, to start them on the long flight to the United States. He haa Colonel Saltzaan and Consul-Genn.l Doo­ little transait his best wishes to Mae. Darlan. In the afternoon, General Clark goes to the Oujda airport to watch the ctUipaent for the CPK loaded aboard tlle transport planes. He even helps to squeeze the peeps through the transport doors. He talks to pilots and crews about weight lWtations, cargo stowage and other probleas. Then he returns to headquarters satisfied at the speed with which the CPX equipaent can be leaded. Thirteen planes are to 118.ke the CPX flight, 12 transports and the General's Flying Fortress. Following dinner, General Clark retiree early since he will be arising early' to take off for CPX and the Fifth A.ray's first problem in the field. The general :ha.a tllree special callers during the day aa General Truscott, who has been gearing, at Algiers, the aoveaent of troops to the front, confers briefly with the general and then lectures to part of the Fifth Aray staff. Colonel Raff� tae rugged little paratrooper who has been on the Tunisian front for over three months, coaes through Oujda on his way back to the United States. General Clark has arranged for his return so he can instruct others in the les­ sons learned in his fighting and to undertake a larger colll!land. Like General Clark, Raff feels a great opportunity was lost because no drive was aade in January against Sfax or Gabes. He knows from personal experience that the Axis forces in the region were very thin at that time. Raff is acco11.panied by Lieut. Colonel Darby who has taken over his paratroop battalion. Darby confers with General Clark concerning where the Fifth Army airborne school should be located. The ether caller is Colonel Aaron Bradshaw, General Clark's friend from West Point days, who comes to the Fifth Army for AA conferences with Col. Robinson. ,. * * �s1, G2 E. :;\{J{;:lti1ttsft+ OUJDA-14ARRAKECH, UAR.CH 6, 1943--Atter a •light delay because ot ground fog, General Clark take• off for Marrakech at 10:.32 AM todq on a Couiand Poat Exerci•e deaiped to teat how quickly the advance echelo• of the Firth Arar ca• aove ey air to •••t an earegency. Previou• to the deparute of·General. Clark'• Flying Fortress, 12 bi-aotored tranaport planes, eight or the• carrying o•e "peep" each, ha.Te atarted th• lengthy flight to Marrakech. ;j. \: ( S6�· iit\tt ::;1;:���1� ' .. ··· .. ' ':' .. .. ��:.\�:�\� , 1 After cliabi� clo•e te the aaaaiY•, •now-draped abouldera of the Atlaa aoutaiu the left aboard utor or the B-17 begiaa to apit aJld tlarow aaok• •• it i• ahu.t otr u.d th• propeller feathered. Th• fiigllt coura• ia Ca&Jlied &Jld tA• apeed •lightly cut so it 1• 1:14 FM before ta• Fl.y"iJle Fortr••• ruable• to a atop at Marra.leech. By tJae tiae i•• c•n•ral'• plane lode, all the jeepa u.d equipa••t ll.an be•• uloaded tr&a tlle truaporta. General Clark ia ut at tlle airport b;r Geaeral Marti•, ••�der ot tlle Marrakech DiTiaion and Claef' do la Regioa, who utroduc•• hia to about two dozea Freacb Officer• lilied up u tro11t of' tae �ara. Tllea tae eigh:t•J••P co•voy, led by Ge•eral Clatrk 1 a thre•••tarr•d peep, with the general hoppillg up ud down to aee now tae co•Toy 1• •paced, driv.a to the Villa Tqler which ia the Colllllld Poat. { Eaclt of the Firth Army aectiona ia repeaeated by at loaat one officer aad soon the aectiou are ready to operate. Tai• i• the theoretical aituatio•i A llostile force ha.a laJlded o• If'rl, the aaall territory just south of Fre•ch Moreceo, aad i• the Hrth part of Rio De Oro by aea aad air. The total e•eay f•r•• ia 50,000. Ta• Ifaia reaiated. Th• aiasion of tile Fifth Arar is to attack aJld destroy the •••.,-. Tlle I Araored Corps ud the VI Corp• are already on the ••Te, theoretieall;r to the aeutll. For purposes of' the problea, all Aaericaa tro1ap• in North Africa are aYailable to the Fifth A.ray ud the Tuaiaian caa­ -pagill 1• ooapleted. Arter lunch, "canned" aessages beiflg' t• be iasued aad the nriou• aection• take aotio•. The aectioa offices are aetv"around in bedroo•• ud in the court­ yards or the beautif'ul. villa. At 4:45 the CPI ••ds aJld a critique is held oa a porch oTerloold.ac the garde•. Ge•eral Clark explain• that the exercise was planned priaaril.y to test the aobility or the adnnce air echelon. U•der actual eonditioaa, aa adyance ground echelo• would be uaderwq to the coamud post i• eround transportation.. Tla.e exercise was deaigned ao ohugea could be 11ade u equipae•t aad peraonnel aeeded for the adyance air echelon. "°'1r prucipal a1a, r• •q• Ge•eral Clark, addressinc hi• ••• at the crit­ ique, "was to get factual data on what 1• the beat wq of Htting up this adftJlced eoJUJ.ud croup tllat would coae by air. We woted to find b;r experience w.bat peraouel aJld equip••t ahould be take•. Each aection will u.ke a report. Arter watel'lllc tb.e loadinc aad the Wll�ading, I aa conTinced that this lidTance il'OUP c•uld be read,- te take off withill two hours af'ter receivinc •otificatioa. My ids ia to keep the adTance echeloa atreaalined and aobile for the dictates of aodern, aigh-apeed warfare. Tae big bottl•••ek has alwqa been tae aoTeaent of ••• ud equipaent to the CP. I thiak we haTe proyen t.dq that thi• can be d•• axpeditioua�. !JI a week we are coing to aake a aotor aoTeBeBt to a CP. ( "I aa hoping to develep Fifth Arar aeadquartera into a coapact teaa as aoon aa poasibl• ao we can t ake oyer 8:tfJ' sector, a-.y corps or� diTision. I11 a tlleater of operations u ara;r atarf aust be whittled to the bare easentials. I la&Te alway• taoucht that the tactical headquartera of our large units were too bi& ud uawieldy'. Large staff• ti• you to tJae grouad. That i• why I have cut the Fifth Arar staff to the ainhua, aet up.,- own tables of organizatio•. We are . .,.,5 ·C ·::1r:•·,' , ' \4A '!... 1 '\ ' ' .. : . • :1 r', o Ti t,ilii1'1¥'q{j/1.'1!1il;ii :t;.Jr:,f;;,;,;,:···'·fJ!fi,:!I"� nt'l Is H• �i¢t f: i- ��·j..'· ·1·· ,: � .·• ·:j..:J,-rz·/ ':..:, ...�. i!nf.t1.u ,, 'f:i}f!Z.=0:ff.iJ!Eiff¥ �{}x(.''.)!\iji,,�., .;'�'61f"e1µrtls�!"i;vi:0sr <:, ( eperating •ow at approxiu.te� 60 percent of our strength and I htend to keep tae headquarter• juat about there. Thi• proble• aaa been large� log­ iatioal. Thia CPX baa ahon ua where the aistakea would be aade h case of u actual aoTeacnt in the face of eaergeacy conditiou. "Now I want all •f ;you to relax. You have been working hard for Jl&JlY aoatlla and I wamt you to coabii,e pleasure with baainess o• this trip. Fro• ••• o• util we leaye oa Moaday aornillg I want you to enjoy youraelTes. Thia ia a loTely spot. I picked it especial�. I want to conyiaee you that whe• I aay 1 Follew ae• that it is goi� to be worthwhile!" ( Otficera accoapan1,ag General Clark on the trip are all his Chiefs of Seetions, the Deputy Chief of Staff and oertai• key aen. The officer group on the Marrakech CPS are: Ge:urals Blease and Moran, Colonel• Markoe, Howard, Kaaaerer, SaltZll&Jl, Bea.a, Piddock, Robinaon, Barker, BoWll&Jl, Bertholf, Jonson, Lewis, Adcock; Lieutenant Celo•ela Vineeat, Dewey, Kenneth Clark, Smith; Major Jackson; Captain• Houaton and Sldllaan, a.ad Lieutenants Beardwood, Fiacher and Lewis. Geaeral Beucler, French general co111D1aD.ding the Oujda aub­ dirleio•, aecoapaaiea the General t o llarrakech but atays with Gen.era! Martin. At 5:.30, Ge•eral Clark holds a reoeption for French officials of the regio• and AaeriNll Air Corpa effieera at the Tilla. Guests aelude tlle Glaoui or llarrakeell wJt.o, in tae eTeaing, .b.aa Ge•eral Clark and seTen or his high-ranking efficers to hia hoae in the u.tiTe qurter for a "ditfa, 11 or natiTe feast. Geaeral Clark presents tlae aced Glaeui with a quarter-ton peep. It is painted a brilliant creea ud 1aas a red stripe around it. The Glaeui ia treaendousq pleased. Geaeral Clark returns to hia quarters at 10:JO PM. * * * IIARRAKECH, MARCH 7, 194.3--Ge:ural Clark accoapliahes three large tasks tedq: lle u.a a loiac heart-te-11.eart talk with General Marth, lle inapecta a Freach Co1111a».d Post aad 1las aa epportunit7 to see French troops in the field ud 1le is a eu,eat ud pays his respects to Caid Layadi bel Hachai Rahllani, llead er one ef the purest ud aost powerful Arab tribes in French Morocoo. Leavillg his headquarters at 11:30 AM, t>ae General and his ehtire party driTe 71 ldloaeters •orth or Marrakecll to Ben Guerir. I• hia lead ear, Ge•eral Clark us General Marth ride with hia ud he brings up the IIUltitudinoua probleas, includin( thoae arising because of the Jewish question, relation­ ships with the Arabs and gives an inkling of hia apprehension concerninc General Nogues. Ge•eral Clark haamers hoae nis peats to French General Martin, both on the driTe clown and the driTe back ia late arternooa. Tlae Fre•oh Ceamand Pest is located in a eucalyptua il'OYe near Ben Guerir. The paper-work proble• is that Gera&JI plues llaTe laaded between Marrakeeh a.ad the Fre•oh CP ud a French diTisioa ie attacking to driTe the Gel"llans out. The Freacla s7atea of colUIUJ1ieations is explained aad General Clark looks oyer the entire CP, •n• down te tlle food beinc eened at the enlisted aen•s aess. Gea­ eral Clark aakes a few reaarks, praising the French fer the way taey have laid eut their CP aad poiatiJlc out t• the• that the G-section a,.ste• used by the Aaeriea• aray was cepiea after that et tae French ar,q. The French equipaent leoks Ter., antiquated. but tlley appear to be aaking the best of what they ha.Te. Before eoi11g to the aeadquarters of the Caid, the general inspects the �railroad yarda at Be• Guerir, au.in nitohiDC pout. He ia shown over the area by Geaeral Marth and his cirll oontroller, M. Truclaet. Then tlae caraTU MTeS to the Arab Tillage on tlle plaill :Rear Be• Guerir. Arou».d tlle Arab "'fill.ace are au».dreda •f horses, aoat or taea brilliu.tly saddled. Meabera et the Caid I a tribe have earthered fro• kiloaetera arouad. As tlle ceaera1 1 s co11Toy serpeatiaes arouad tlle low, walled aative Tillage, tlle road ia jalllled witn Arabs. The cars drive up in fro•t or teats or alaost eireus shape u.d size. E'Yer,thiq is laid out tor the native feast or 11 diffa." Tlae JUI.ill diaiJII ten.t is·� ia brilliu.t colored strips or cloth; the flaor is covered with thick I"U&S• The low tables aad the ottoaans oa which the guests will sit are already arran,:ed. After the general and his officers, plus General Marth and soae of his French officers, kave aet the Caid, they go into the lar&e tent. General Clark, the Caid and hi&h rankin& officers sit at the tables closest to the back of the tent. Then the Arabs becin bringi11g in huge dishes, all covered with reed, conical shaped covers. Identical dishes are placed on each table. It is just like the other "diffas" that the general has attended excpet that the food is richer and prepared with infinite care: pigeon pie with flaky crust, whole barbecued sheep stuffed with stranie spices; barbecued and roasted chicken and turkey; autton covered with egg patties; autton covered with dates and roasted pecans; the faaed ooua-cous. Tlle eating goes oa aJld on, the guests at each table dipping iato each dish with his t�ers, eating oaly with his rfiht bud. A£ter the final course, the �ests rise, stand outside the tent and wateh an exhibition of Arabain horse•anship. Tae brilliant� saddled a•d blanketed horses are all aounted by Arabs ill flowing robes. Th.eir horse•&llship is fantastic. The ride at breakneck speed toward the guests, shoutin& grotesquely, then firing their lo?Jgbarreled, 111i.zzle-l•adi.D& guns in Ulli.so•. They charge in group of fro• five to 12. First they start eaateri.ni, with the leader shouting eerily. When their spirited horses are aore or less in line, they start charging at a h4h-pitched shout fro• the leader. The rugged horses stretch long and low ner the roe.q growtd; the Arabs twirl their long-barrelled gu.s. Then, when the horses are alaost at the fringe of the crowd, the riders tr;r to fire their gos i• u».iso•. It is a pplendid de•onstration of horseaanshij and coordination. The proud Arabs are applauded tae and tiae again by General Clark and his •en. Aa the exhibition is drawing to a close, the guests are served the fa11ed Arab aiat tea. The 200-•dd horseaen who have particripated in the exhibition ride their •ounts ill close slowly so the horses can ee seen c losely. It is a fine show of aounts and warriors. The Caid leads a strong and powerful tribe--the tribe of Rahaani, noted for the purity of its stock. Had the Caid had aore ti.lie to notify his tribesaea, he sqs he could have asseabled more than 1,000 expert Arabian fighters. Following u. afteraoon of •ixi.ne with and applaudine tlae Arabs, General Clark and his party drive back to Marrakech, the Alleriean ceaeral taldag advantage of the long ride again to pound hoae to General Martin tlle points he has in aind concerning French cooperation, particularly in regard to release of pro-Allied prisoners, ef the need for greater cooperation fro• Negues. Back at the villa CPX lleadquarters, eeotio� equipa.ent is stowed away in preparation for the ret\lrJl toaorrow to Oujda and Fif'th Arrq Headquarters. Ge•eral Clark aas dhmer at the rllla 8.Jld spends the evening with those of his officers who have not gone sight-seeing. * Cff'"·�Di· ·<'\:<·.):fl\'. � ...\i,.� · :.:\;1,_,11n, �l\!i/ T S :- r :- T :,-cfs· g'�lWftt�N{Os • * . ·:' :.. � �.,- ...',f:�tJ'[i·,::4·,:�•1, ,;.•11\\rt. J �( MARRAKECH-OUJDA, MARCH 8 1 194.3--Tlte advance Fifth Aray Headquarters is stirring by dawn as section equiJ)llent is packed and hallled out to the ai11)0rt in tae eight peeps. When the loading is complete, General Clark and his officers drive to the airport and the Fifth Arq Commander's Flying Fortress takes off at 8:52 AM. Flying in the general's plane are the general, Generals Blesse and Moran, General Beucler, Colonel Johnson, Captain Skill.man, Lieutenant Beardwood and Sergeants Holden and Chaney. A lowering ceiling and interaittent rain and :hail causes Captain Morris to change the ship's flight so that it avoids cross• 1ng the aountains and returns to 0ujda by way of Fez and Guercif � The Fortress lands at ll:04 AM and General Clark heads straight to hi� office. There is one special passenger on the plane, a tiny gazelle that General Martin presented to General Clark upon his departure from Marrakech. The general intends to aa.ke it a pet. During the General's absence Ro11JJ1el's forces in the Mareth-Gabes corridor area have tried to ram southward against the British Eighth Ara;,. The result is that two Panzer divisions are knocked out without the Allied line buckling. In the central sector, our forces are back to within two ailes of Gafsa and we again have the Ouseeltia Valley. In the north the Axis has banged away in several sectors but the line is aore or +ess unchanged as the British in that region, flanked by some French troops on the Mediterranean coast, hold. The general is alao infol"Jled by radio that it has been decided that the Navy is respGnsible for all a:aphibious training by existing joint agreeaent. Because of the inability of the navy to provide su:f'ficient boat crews within the tilae available to support planned operations last year, the 'Army engaged in training of the necessary crews and landing boat units. This project led to developaent of Engineer ARphibian Brigades. The Navy Departaent now desires to resuae its responsibility for training of all uphibious boat crews and oper�tion and aaintenance of all amphibious equipment necessary to carry out planned A.ray operations •••" 11 General Clark reiterates again hia opposition to the Navy handling 8.liphibious training. In appraising the aove he recalls that while he was Chief of Staff of the Army Ground Forces in Washington the navy was to be prepared to handle the aaphibious-work in training seven amphibious divisions. Then the navy didn't have enough aen to aan the su.11 landing craft so the army for11ed aaphibious brigades under General Noce. "The Navy," says the General, "takes a sort of pride in their feeling that �hing that fleats should be run� tho. There is no reason why they should handle the landing craft. It is the a.ray that is perforlling the operation and the a.ray should handle the landing craft. This always brings up the arguaent concerning who should collUllB.nd and when the command should shift. The navy now .sqs it will set up the Mediterranean Amphibious Force. And we can do nothing but approve. I'm Wiliing�tt>�.o�t··th!t wh1n1t}1ew<!.8Jt comes and we want the amphib­ ious force se, to go that the navy won't be ready." General Clark returns to find a letter from General·Nogues and the letter indicates to what extent Nogues wants to ride the general's coattails. All hhe Moroccan papers have been carrying pictures of Nogues with General Clark, pic­ tures taken by the French during the recent trip by the American and the French generals. Civil Affiars experts tell General Clark that they feel Nogues is trying to lipreve his populabity by being pictured _ with the Allerican general. _ � E �( . "I thank you very 111cll for your letter (General Clark's "thank you" letter ) · written following his tour with Nogues) of 3 March, 11 writes Nogues. It touched me very muck. I have not failed to take part in your satisfaction with the troops who took part in the guards of honor and reviews organized for your trip. The estee• and confidence that you showed will be particularly precious to them and will answer their desire to show their willingness to fight the common enemy and their ardent faith in final victory. "I am pleased to send you herewith so•e photographs taken upon the occasion of your visit. I hope that the •eaories evoked by these pictures will urge you te take another trip as soon as the duties of your command will permit it and I would be very happy to JIB.k:e such a new visit with you. "My wife, who has been equally touched by your letter, asks me to send you ker kindest regards. "Please accept, ay dear General, the assurances of my high consideration and ay most cordial sentiments. (signed) Nogues. u * * * OUJDA, MARCH 9, 1943--Wc,rldng to ineegrate the plans of the American and French armies should ailitarJ action in Morocco be necessary, General Clark has a long conference with Colonel Poydenot, head of Nogues' liaison section to the Fifth Army. ( "I have many jobs as Commanding General of the Fifth Army and the Spanish Morecco qJ1estion is only one of them," General Clark tells Poydenot. "I want to aake it plain that should an attack come frora anywhere that I am charged as Commanding General of the Fifth Army te command troops perfening that mission which would be purely defensive. If that eventuality should arise our plans-­ French and Allerican-aust be complete so that we wouldn't have the Americans and the French ever-lapping each other and doing the same thing on the same battle­ field. There wst be unity of command and I WQuld be the commander, fully apprec• iating that the French troops would be most anxious to participate. "I sheuld kn$W as aoon as possible what French troeps would be available for such a mission. I aust know what their equipment is se I can integrate your plans and your aen and equipment with mine. It a.uot be arranged so that your key officers aeet flY' key officers se that the aen wao would participate w8uld know each other personally-." Peydenot agrees and will take the matter up as soon as he returns from a short trip te Algiers. The French col•nel declares that plans must be integrated and General Clark tells hi.a: "This would be a purely defensive action--te defend French Merocce. For any such move I must have a cempletely accurate appraisal of Frencjl stre?li'th. 11 General Clark, whe i s sitting in on the conference, asks what effect pelitical affairs would have on the military situation should Morocco be attacked and Poydenet estimates that the French-Americans might 11 get hit in the rear by the Arabs." General Clark then reiterates, in •rder that the point will be put over when Poydenot communicates with Nogues, that he (Clark) as Ce>mnanding General of the Fifth U.S. Armp: !is "supreme cemmander of all troops in this area.'' He then adds: "I will work with Nogues and I don't expect Nogues to say he will be subordin�te to me; but I do expect French traops actively fighting te be under me. I would submit to General Nogues the manner in which I intend to use French \ treops and detail what role they would play." �y ( "Being efficient," General Clark continues, "the Fifth Army is working on various plans that run from. A to z. This defense of Morocco is only one of them but it is one en which I want particularly to work at this tiae. I want to make sure that there would be no major obstacles in the way. It J1Ust be worked out so you know and we kne>w what we are going to do." General Clark then thanks Colonel Poydenot fer the work he is doing as head liaison officer between the French and the Fifth Aray. "I just wantEyou to know," General Clark concludes, "that we are honest people. We want to win the war and go heme and we need your help." A new high-ranking officer arrives at Fifth Army headquarters today to bec011e Inspector General. He is Colonel Avery and he confers for 20 minutes with General Clark concerning the jeb and how General Clark wants it handled. At 4:.30 PM, Archbishop Francis Spell.JI.an of New York, who has just returned from a trip to Italy and the Vatican, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters. After reviewing a guard ef honor he gees t$ General Clark's effice to pay his respects and 118.ke a brief re�rt. Spellaan declares that the Italians are tired of the war and that 11 all Italy needs is pretection from the Germana, then she would be in tav•r of us." He says that Italian aistortunzes in Tripolitania and heavy bomb­ ings in Ital,- and 8cily llave underained Italian morale." Regarding Spain, through which he traveled, Bishop Spell.Jlan says the attitude •f the Spanish towlll"d the Allies is iu.preving and that pr•-Geraa.n feeling is decreasing. Spains great tear, says Spellman, is that tlae Russians will eventually over-run Germany, enter Europe and turn it ceJUtUniatic. If Spain could be assured that Russia would net do this she wauld be weaned farther away fr•m the Axis. The bishop gives a quite leng report to the general, then, after looking around Fifth Army Head­ quarters, he is the guest of honer at a reception given at General Clark's villa. Afterward, he has dinner with General Clark and a few high-ranking officers• .-: ap n_J _,1 Jgl i I 11 gums l11 L � 1>� 1Ao<.... e( ti-��� -:i-, ·--� � � a-d o..o... ,,, �� � .._.,_"'"""'_ �- * * * OUJDA, MARCH 10, 1943--General Clark has a packed day today wita the neraal schedule ef work being augaented by visits £roa Air Chief Marshall Tedder, Major General Spaatz, Hanson Baldwin of the New York Tiaes and French General Lescroux, commander of all French troops in Morocc•. General air prcbleJ1s, particularly the assigI1J1ent of air support to the Fifth Army, co11es up during the Clark-Tedder-Spaatz conference. General Clark explains that he is charged with training in air-ground cooperation and that if this is to be effected, air units J1Ust be attached to troops training at Arzew in invasion-methods. The Fifth Army commander brings up the points he eutlined to General Eisenhower in the Air Support letter and Spaatz replies that Qthe key to air support is the air support party" and Tedder and he agree that two or three experts can be loaned ta the Fifth Army to synchronize this train­ ing. Tedder adds that "we want to have training with you chaps." General Clark pei�s out that the .3rd Division Regimental Combat Tea.Ila are going into t1'.aining fer special missions "and that means that their air support aust be develgped n•w. All we need is the air support party. All air units speak the same language. A kalf dozen officers will fill the bill. They can be the nuceleus." The Fifth Aray general says he fears disbandment of the XIIth Air Support Command and he believes that would be "fatal" since we have been too lax in our a.ir.,zround :teaa. pla..v. 11We aeed to ha.ye the nuceleUJ3 ef � Air Support Command. Irycru11 ao tfi e air support l.n princi"pl.e you can work out the details on larger scale. �( Next the question of location ef the Fifth Aray 1 s airborne training center coaes up u.d Oujda is agreed to. General Clark says he is going to have Colonel Beam, his Air Officer, head up both the Training Center and the XIIth Air Support uait. "I see the necessity," explains the general, "of having one person head up all air activity."Beneral Clark says he wants to 11ake Be8.Dl a Brigadier General but Spaatz recommends that action be delayed for a while. The Airborne Center will lla.ve a eqaudron of 13 transport planes here to start with. All air requirements will pass to Spaatz through General Joe Cannon. General Clark declares that all he wants is to have his Fifth Aray Air Officer head up the integration of planes and training. Beaa will deal directly with Cannon in all air matters. General Clark then explains that one of the aost i.Jlportant parts of any execution of Backbone would be air support. "We have four sets •f plans but the air aission is about the same on all of the•," General Clark explains. "The Air Support would have to be built up illmediately if the Spanish situation breke.11 ( General Spaatz says it looks as though another air force will have to be fgrmed in Africa and General Clark quickly adds II and that air force would be in support of rq- ground eperations--my group could be the nuceleus for organizing an air force." Spaatz then suggests that Beam aake periodic trips to forward areas "to keep him oriented." Replies General Clark: "Anything is alright �s leng as it is pointed tov,ard making us all effective when the time comes." Fellewing a discussion of how air should support landing parties, Air Marshal Tedder says: "The first job of the air is to knock out the enemy. Use of air• craft with the troops in training would be good �rom a psychological point of view." General Clark is far from satisfied when the conference is over. He has the visiting air officers to his villa for luncheon. In aid-aftern�on, General Lescroux arrives, inspects the now customary honer guard and then goes into conference with Generaµ Clark. For the most pa.rt the conference is spent in exchanging pleasantries. General Clark says that the ••re he sees of French treops, "the 11.G>re i.Jlpressed I 8JI with the discipline." Lescroux expresses his appreciation "f•r the cooperation and pleasant relation­ ships between the French and Aaerican troops--taere seems to be a complete under­ standing." General Clark then says that all the French Aray needs to be virile again is to get modern equipment and learn how to use it. To which Lescroux responds: "The French A.ray was defeated in 1940 because it did not have suf• ficient equipment. The efficers and non-cemaissioned officers had sufficient training. They can get be.ck quickly to combat efficiency." General Clark then coaplillents the work and the relationship between himself and French Generals Martin and Beucler. He tellsef the trip to Marrakech and how the long air aove­ aent was 11ade. "We have aa.de up our minds," concludes General.Clark, "that we will not aiss going into combat completely ready." a l General Clark has long conference with Hanson Baldwin, the ailitary-naval expert of the New York Ti.mes. Baldwin asks why the Fifth Ar-.y is back here and General Clark explains the set-up regarding training and other 11atters, leaving out a:n:y aention of Backbone er ailitary plans. Baliwin, without knowing General Clark'• views, declares there should be an J\Jleric&n army in Tunisia to which the general replies that this has always been his contention. Baldwin feels that Churchill influenced President Roosevelt on explal;ing the Mediterranean as a theater of war. He says that in order to win, there must be an invasion across the English channel. General Clark agrees, saying that he thinks "to conclusive­ ly clean this thing up we aust inevitably add a channel crossing to the other eperations. We 11ust attack the western shore of Francet" �·�\t;.,··:..·�;/·",:-c;.�-��: �-.lo·._.··t· : · . ;·' . :. �t .'; ��� ff'l3rifis: 1 ( , ' .) - I < Baldwin remarks that he has heard that General Anderson of the British First Ar'lq is not a strong commander. General Clark makes no comment, except to say that Anderson, during the time they were associated, " pe rformed his duties as satisfactorily as could be expected under the conditions at that tille." Baldwin says he feels that the Allies missed a great opportunity in not attacking the Gabes sector early in the year. He said he had heard in the States that such an operation was to be pe rformed. General Clark replies that both Gen­ eral Eisenhower and he felt that it would be a mistake to let the forces of Remmel and Von Armin join. If the Germans "have another good offensive lefi in them," Hanson declares it prebably will be against Spain next spring. General Clark says he thinks that "is the best thing they can do at the cheapest cost" and adds that "it would bring the worst results to us." General Clark avoids any direct comment on Spain, saying that the JIB.in mission of the Fifth Ar11y is to train troeps for future eperations. 11We are watching the Spanish situation," the general continues. "We are getting ourselves organized to be capable of prompt and efficient action in event it is nec:essary.11 General Clark cautions Baldwin that under no circuastance is he to be quoted and that the views the general expresses off the recerd are entirely his own. The general picture is discussed and Baldwin's questioning leads the general to delcare that "nothing possible could be construed to show tlaat I u not one million pe rcent with General Eisenhower. He is my closest .friend and has been for marzy, many years." Baldwin has dinner with General Clark and remains.overnight at his villa. Commenting to one of his officers later in the day concerning the visit of Spaatz and Tedder, General Clark declares that the interview brought t, him the realization that none of the Air Corps people present"a.re wholly in sympathy with the current War Department view--and my view--on air support of ground troops. I believe it is their view that the Air Corps should not directly sup­ �rt ground troops but should be used selely for strategic missions. I believe that this feeling is permeating our senior air officers. I noticed .from Tedder•s cemmeata that that is the growing impression of American Air officers. However, I was able to put over *he necessity for-.:,- keeping ray air support set-up. I aa geing to try to h8.J1D1er through ray views on air-ground support in ray training of troops for the next ope ration so as te indoctrinate them with the approved method. If tae troops do not get the air support they are entitled to during the operation because of this growing view of the Air Corps, I think it will be a matter for the Coll!Illallder-in-Chief to handle. With both Tedder and Spaatz and the other Air Cerpe �fficers present illbued with this new idea of the use of air units, I came to the conclusion that it was too much for Ile to buck but I am going to take the 11a.tter up with 'Ilfe' the next time I see hill." General Eisenh�wer issues the following general order to all troops and waits, including the Fifth Army, today: L "The ene!Y has been attacking us in the past three weeks in the South, Center and North in Tunisia. Fighting has been bitter in sections and losses have been suffered by us, but the enemy has been frustrated once and defeated twice in at­ tem�s te break the Allied ring which enci�cles him. It is possible he shall make further desperate attempts, but I am confident that 18th Army Group troops will the continued effective support by our Air and Nav.al Forces will inexorably push him back to the sea and to destruction. j �'70 ( \ l "This oppartunity is taken by me to express my pride in the inclusion of the Eighth Army and Western Desert Air Force in the Allied Forces ef North Africa, which I am so honored to command. The unified purpose of the French, British and Americans will continue to be typified by these forces, and the unified efforts of our Naval, Ground and Air contingents will force unconditional surrender upoh the Axis. 11 I thank all ranks in the Navies, Armies and Air Forces for their recent great efforts. I know that for the i.m;�ediate future each of us has no other thought than to do :this full duty, and more, in clearing the enemy out of Tunisia." In a aemorandua, Gefienµ Clark nGtes tlutt the f0llowing wer� the decisions reached during the conference today with General Spaatz and Air Marshall Tedder: l "Colonel Bea11 will reaain as Air Officer, Fifth Army. He will be given a sJl8.ll staff from the Detachment XII Air Support Comnand. He will also be given c0mmunication facilities (air support parties) to form the nucleus fer the train­ ing activities for the air-ground training adtivities of the Fifth Ar my. The de­ tails of personnel and communication facilities will re arranged between General Cannon and Colonel Bea.11. "The Commandi8.g General Fifth Army will be in command of the Airborne Train­ ing Center. Colonel Beam will be designated as General Clark's representative to be in charge of the Center. For matters pertaining to air training, the Commanding General Fifth Army will deal with General Cannon. It is contemplated that the Air­ borne Training Center will be established at Oujda airport. General Cannon agreed that the air units assigned to the Oujda airport would be kept down in size so that taere would be no undue interference with the airborne activities. "Backbone planning for air operations will be drawn by Headquarters Fifth �my. These plans will be submitted to General Spaatz fer coordination by him. "General Cannon will remain in control of the Oujda airdrome. The Commanding General Fifth Army will exercise disciplinary control for air force personnel when outside the limits of Oujda airport." * * * OUJDA, MARCH 11, 1943--0ne of the Fi.rth Army's training centers, part of the group tlta.t will be set up to prepare troops for another operation, is decided upon teday. General Clark's radio to NATOUSA at Algiers explains: nThe 'Airborne Training Center' is to be activated through arrangements made with the ca, North West African Training Command. It is to be located at Oujda airport and by mutual a5reement the overhead staff, facilities and training aids will be furnished from personnel and equipment available within units concerned. "In order to arrive not later tluµi 12 March, it is requested that you issue orders transferring 2nd Bn, 509th Parachute Infantry to Fifth Army; movement to be by air, rail and motor with air transportation furnished by co, 51st Troop Carrier Wing. The Air Transport Squadron is to be moved to Oujda also arriving at 8a.lle tille." ( \ Organization of the Fifth Army's Training program is preceeding rapidly. Brig• adier General Wilbur arrives at headquarters. He is to have charge of all Fifth Army training schools and he has a long conference with Gener,µ Clark. Wilbur will spend tae next severEl,l days with General Clark's G-3 section integrating plans. A j �'7 I f camoflauge school is n to be set up at Guercif. The other schools are now being arranged for and ·proposed locations studied. General Dawley also comes down from his VI Corps headquarters to confer with General Clark concerning French problems. Dawley then visits General Beucler to discuss minor French-American troop matters with him. The general!s third principal visitor of the day is U.S. Consul J. Riveas Childs who drives down from Tangiers, Spanish Morocco. Childs has been making frequent and sharp reports to General Clark by mail on the situation in Spanish M�rocco. The general explains the Firth A.ray mission, set-up and area of res­ ponsibility. He tells how NoiUeS is "squaw� his head off" W1der the pressure •f General Clark to release certain peisoners. General Clark says he has a basic distrust of Nogues but that the Resident General of French Morocco "is playing ball." Childs reports that the Allied landing in North Africa "put a tremendous atrainu on both GermaJzy and Spaib.t because both nations were getting food and supplies from this section. The Consul says that General Orgaz, head of Spanish Mctrocce, "cenuinely desires neutrality." However, the second strong man, General Yaqui at Melilla,.is pro-German. Childs declares the general feeling in Spanish M•r•cc• is that it would be folly for Geraaey to invade Spain but that she might "in desperation. It is a possibility; but not a probability." J Cldlds proposes that General Clark aeet General Orgaz somewhere near the Spanish Moroccon border and the general is agreeable. Childs says the meeting "would have a tremendous impression on the Spanish." General Clark asks if the consul believes there is any way we can "work our way into Spain" to get a crack at the GeI'llans. Childs replies that he doesn•t think there is a chance; that the Spanish will fight anyone who comes into Spain. He adds that the Spanish "expect us to come into Spanish Morocco if the Germans go into Spain." General Clark then explains his plan to bring South American elements into North A£rica so the Latin American countries will feel that they have an active part in the war. Childs declares that this is "'¥1 excellent and splendid idea. Childs has dinner at the general's villa and remains overnight. The consul is to return to Tangiers tomorrow and he will 118.ke preliminary feelers on the aeeting between General Clark and Lieutenant General Orgaz. * * * OUiDA, MARCH 12, 1943--Paratroopers arrive in Oujda today to begin work at the "Airborne Training Center.11 The first wave arrives at 9:45 AM, jUllping fro• 29 transport planes that fly over 6ujda and to the vicinity of the airport. The aen bail out from about 400 feet. General Clark goes out to watch the para­ troopers• arrival. He questions the men. Only one llB.ll is injured during the jwap. He breaks his leg when it becomes snarled :t.n the parachute shrouds. In the afternoon another wave of transports arrives with more paratroops but the ships land at Oujda airdrome and the men do not jump. By nightfall, the Airborne school has almost 750 pupils and their co11plillent of planes. Thus, a.nether phase of the Fifth Arny's training mission gets underway. Submarine patrol planes are also working out of the Oujda airport and bomber squadrons froa the front are coming back to rest and rehabilitate their ships. E �-�·.: .EC a,,.::"·"·�'."' ) : ) r;ff;�..M OST 1 l:r li" ·,, 1 r �.!;t�eiEGl. �.t:i·'.rh -�r�:.:.::. . :i:.:·3��··,·: ·..:�:·::/ :. ·�\'.i\i�1ig�">" �·k.!:f'·s-c.- - · - A Because of reports that General Mason MacFarlane ., governor of Gibraltar, is coming to Fif'th Arny headquarters ., General Clark cancells a planned trip today to the Repl�cement Training Center at Oran. However, General MacFarlane does not cooo so General Clark spends most of the afternoon in conference with various •fficers, principally his Chief of Staff ., General Gruenther. In the late after­ noon ., Jacques Tessier, owner of the house near Cherchel ., Algeria ., where General Clark had his highly-successful rendezvous with pro-Allied French officers last October, comes to visit the General. Tessier wants to get a job with the Fifth Army and General Clark promises to try and get him one. The general also arranges for an aide--Lieutenant Beardwood--to drive to Cherchel tomorrow to take historical pictures of the famed rendezvous house. Beneral Clark, who has been besieged for the past several days with over­ night guests, enjoys solitutude in his villa tonight. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 13, 1943-Pr4paring for the Firth Army's Corunand Post Exercise early ne:at week halfway between Oujda and Berguent, General Clark drives to the CP area today with his Medical Officer, General Blesse. The site is about 35 ailes south of Oujda, on the haunches of a range of hills that is covered by greasewood and small pines. General Clark Jllakes a thorough reconnaissance and then returns to headquarters. Asia from routine conferences with members of his Fifth Amy staff re­ garding organizational problems, the day is unusually quiet. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 14 ., 1943•-General Cannon, who is General Spaatz air represen­ tative in the Casablanca-Oran region, confers with General Clark and Colonel Gale today concerning the Fifth Army's air problems. The conference is in con­ nection with decisions reached during the recent visit of General SpaB.tz and Air Marshal Tedder. The place where Cannon's comnand at Oujda airport ends and that of Colonel Beam, as 5th ArllfY Air Officer and head of the Airborne Training Center, starts is deliaeated. Later in the aorning, Major General Keyes ., who has taken over command of the I AraGred Corps now that General Patton has gone to the front, comes to confer with General Clark concerning I Armored Corps-5th Army relations. General Clark outlines his policies and his desires and then the two generals lunch at General Clark's villa. In the afternoon, Captain Andre Baruch arrives from Casablanca to record a speech by General Clark for broadcast over the new ABS radio station in Casablanca. This is tho talk the general Jaak:es and which will be broadcast within a few days: "Congratulations and thanks are due to General Wilson ., his staff and his radio technicians for having furnished the vision and work necessary to expand this station to its new power, able to reach listeners at a distance of 1,000 miles from the transmitter. In accomplishing this expansion you have rendered an important service not only to our forces but also to civilian listerners within that range. �··.sfi. fAOST' ,1\ < r I ( \ •:bi Americlifi�:!;is·o sailors, merchant seamen and civilian workers. In the last'tlvwnty years the average American has learned to count on the radio for a large part of his information, instruction and 8.llUSement. The development of this station to its new strength will enable llaJ\V American radio fans to listen daily to first class radio material, including accurate news, interesting features and the good entertainment for which the pre• decessor station was already well known in the area which it served. "A good American radio station can give its listeners a chance to know the truth. From this station Allerican troops can hear the broadcasting of honest news. People in this area ind in nearby countries in Africa and Europe, subjected to a confusing bombardment of propaganda, may derive their own judgllent of American principles and objectives as indicated by prograas of this station. "This transmitting equipment provides a means of communicating special mes­ sages to troops, and I wish to take this opportunity to convey my greetings and a message to the American troops who are listening to this program. You men who beleng to the base sections, I wish to congratulate you on the fine work you are doing in handling our supplies, without which this war cannot be conducted, much less won. You aen if the Fifth Army who are chafing because you are not yet in action, I want to congratulate you on the energy and good spirit with which you pursue your training prograas. I assure you that you will have your chance to fight. Remember that now is the time to perfect yourselves as soldiers and fighters, to illpreve your discipline and technique to the point where your combat efficiency, which aust be acquired before you reach the battlefield, will mean disaster to the enemy. The harder, speedier and more accurate you become now the tougher you will aake it for the enemy. Good discipline learned now means lives saved in battle. We must keep our eye on the ball and remember that we have come here to win this war. You have already made gratifying progress in training, and your iaprovement in discipline has been the subject of favorable comment by local civ­ ilians as well as by officers. But there is still much to be done in a short time. Victory means hard work, both now and later. "Finally, I want again to congratulate this station and those responsible for it, and to wish them the best of luck." Just before he leaves the office late for his villa, General Clark is not­ ified that Generals Patton and Spaatz have been promoted to lieutenant generals and he sends the two congratulatory radios to the now three-starred officers. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 15, 194.3-•Pa.rt er the 15th Infantry Regi.Jlent of the 3rd Division is en the mGve to the Invasion Training Ce�ter at Arzew and General Clark gees up in his loud-speaker equipped Piper Cub to watch the motor move• aeat from the air. He flies over the aster colWIJl and broadcasts to them on llow the col\11Ul looks, how the vehicles are spaced. Vlhen he shouts down "The 15th is a mighty fine looking outfit," the men on the ground cheer and wave. The general then flies back to Oujda and surprises the paratroopers camped in the vicinity of the airport by having the little Cub land virtually in a compa.Izy' street. He then returns to headquarters. �{ C8Jloflauged his field headquarters is. The general's most important conference of the day is with Colonel Poydenot. It concerns the publishing in Vichy of anti-Jewish and anti-Mason laws. Newspaper cerrespondents have been attacking the law and saying that nothing is being done to prevent its application in French Morocco. Poydenot explains that Morecco is not like Algeria; that it is independent of France while Algeria is actually a political part of Metropolitan France. Poyden�t explains that two years ago lib­ eral laws regarding the Jews were passed in Morocco and that they are in effect now "and there has been no difficulty." The conference with Poydenot gives General Clark an opportunity to bring up again the urgency of General Nogues turning over all French plans for the defense of French Morocco. Poydenot says the aatter is being worked on and then brings up the 1118.tter of measures to be taken against partisan guerillas. General Clark re­ plies that the guerillas will be a job for the French "but we will help to pro­ vide the J1eans to do it.11 The general stresses again that there must be "one active coamander and I have been so designated." * * * OUJDA-BERGUENT REGION, MARCH 16, 1943--Trucks are grinding in and out of Fifth 11.rrrcy headquarters by dawn this morning, loading up section aquipment and men tor the 5th Army motor movement CPX which is being held in the hills 25 ailes south of Oujda on the Berguent highway. Before leaving for the CPX, General Clark says goodbye to his Provost Marshall, Colonel "Doc11 Johnson who is going to take over training work in the Replcaement Depots th.at General Clark's Fifth Army is charged with conducting. After getting up to date on incoming a.l'.ld outgoing radios, General Clark leaves his headquarters in the little Piper Cub for the CPX. By the time the small plane arrives over the headquarters, the Cooonand Post is fairly well set up. As he flies over, General Clark broadcasts down over his loudspeaker, pointing out caaoflauge weaknesses and truck concentrations. The brush and scrub pine growth of the CPX provides fairly good cover. The Cowianding General's tent is a fake Bedouin hut. This Arab-type tent is stretched over General Clark's side-wall tent which is his office. The Chief of Staff has a similar type camoflauge. As soon as he is on the ground, the general begins inspecting the command post, making recommendations and suggestions to section heads on the location and camoflauging of their sections, cautioning officers and enlisted men to dig their slit trenches deeper, making sure t�t equipment is quickly hidden once it is unloaded from trucks. He is all over the command post, observing and advising. The tactical situation--which involves the theoretical movement of two enemy corps, one armored and the other infantry, to the region southeast of Berguent and employment under the Fifth Army of the I Armored and the II Army Corps--is secondary to the real problem--the motor �ovement and setting up of the command post so that "bugs" can be ironed out for future cooonand post exer­ cises. In the afternoon the general inspects the enlisted men's pup tent areas and the qwµ-termaster truck park, located two miles .from the CPX. He covers the area in his jeep. �15 ( By aid-afternoon, the command post is set up, with camoflauge perfected, slit trenches dug and sections operating. The American Red Cross gets a chance to work in the field to as it moves a truck out to the area and serves donuts and coffee to the enlisted men. General Clark's armored scout car, being used in the field for the first time, is tested. Each of the sections is determining as the d� goes on where it has made errors in stowing its equipment, what items should have been brought, what should have been left home. Through trial and error, the 5th Amy advance echelon is finding out how it can improve itself for movement into the field under battle couditions. Because of the weather, low hanging clouds, mist and some rain, a scheduled "air attack" by planes gased at Oujda airport, has to be cancelled. F�llowing dinner in the general's mess, a spot so well camoflauged that it is possible to walk within 10 feet of it and not see it, General Clark has a few friends to his tent and then he retires at 9 PM. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 17 1 1943--Shortly after dawn the breakup of the Fifth Army CP begins as tents come down, s lit trenches are filled in and trucks come rolling into the area and officers and men begin re-loading the equipment they used in the brief problem. By 9 AM the ·camp is stripped and the first convoy has started moving back to Oujda. General Clark gets into his little observation plane, criss-oroases over camp twice to shout dovm instructions and then heads for OUjda and his headquarters. General Clark has two special callers today. The first is Major General Matt Ridgeway, commanding the 82nd Airborne Division, and the second is Brigadier General Dan Noce, organizer of the Amphibious Engineer Brigades. Ridgeway is just completing a tour of the theater and is returning to the States to make ready for the movement of his division to Africa where it probably will become part of the Fifth Army. Noce is also completing a tour and his conference with the general, the second within ten days, concerns amphibious training problems and a discussion of the old question of Arwy versus Navy in handling landing craft. The most illlportant aeeting of the day is a lengthy critique on the Command �st problem just terminated. In the afternoon, all officers and the highest non­ Coas who participated in the CPX gather in the crude Fifth Arny auditorium. Gen­ eral Gruenther opens the meeting, declaring the @xercise..C"went off well, in gen­ eral, considering this was our first trial." The Chief of Staff points out these errors: there was some confusion in getting the convoys started and there must be more definite and rigid rules for each vehicle serial; there was no arrange­ aent made for air defense during the movement; the rigid rule in the CPX area of stay on the road resulted in a tie-up of trucks that would have made a per­ fect bombing target or strafing region; when some of the CPX material was un­ leaded, certain sections left in lying in the open thus destroying camoflauge; there was a hesitancy on the part of officers to talce the initiative in issuing orders to corredt obvious delinquencies; there was a tendency to delay the dig• ging of slit trenches and most of the slit trenches were too shallow; the break­ ing up of camp was not well organized and convoys forming on the road constituted a highly vulnerable air target; regarding ca.moflauge, there was incorrect use of nets, tent pegs and poles and guy ropes will have to be painted, the shi� windows of the CP tents could be seen from the air; one section pitched its tents in a streambed where the camoflauged tents stood out against the tawny sand; vontinual ; §.ECR . .. . ....,,,��i, . ' J�ritJsh; ,�os.. , .. t'o.. ·�. �1 use of the same paths--particularly to latrines and mess tents--resulted in lines readily observed from the air; light discipline was good; the general area was too concentrated and there should have been greater dispersion of tents; the attitude and discipline of the enlisted rten was excellent. When General Clark gives his review, he opens his talk by telling his officers and men that "one of the penalties for having an excellent chief of staff is that· he is so thorough that in this instance he has covered elrerything I intended to cover and has stolen all my thunder." General Clark declares he is pleased with the general result of the CPX but that future ones--and there will be many--are going to be tougher; they will be tied in with one that will include actual use in the field of the VI corps. General Clark e�lains that he has assembled the senior non-comra.issioned officers so they can carry back recommendations to the aen i n their respective sections. Speaking of camoflauge, General Clark points out that the aerial c amera eye shows up mistakes that the human eye can't catch and that in camoflauging, the photo-eye au.st always be considered. He declares that experience has shown that slit trenches must be four feet deep bec�use in this wa:y the man lying in the trench is safe from the treads of enemy ta nks. ( Regarding dispersion, the general says it is difficult to guage the con­ centration or dispersion of tents. Only experience will show but the only moral that he can draw, adds the general, is that the distance between tents must be like the legs on a horse--"just long enough to reach the ground." The next CPX will have gas alarms and air raid drills, during which officers and men will wear gas masks and go through the motions of firing on low-flying planes with all small arms just as they would in actual battle. The general says that for a first real CPX, the one just completed w&..s 11 lendid;" that everyone, particularly the en­ listed �en showed a cooperative, courteous and happy attitude with commendable discipline. ap The general then proposes a slogan for the Fifth Army: 11A n alert soldier is a live soldier; a dull one a dead one. In war, there are only the quick and the dead. The Fifth Army must be known as the Alert Armyt" General Clark then declares that he knows his officers and men are chafing for action and tells them that they are now in preparation for future battle. "You are going to get the opportunities for action that you crave," he says. "The lessons you learn now will serve you well in battle. Remedying the errors that you make on a problem may mean saving your li.fe later on. We must be alert, alert! We aust 118.ke correction after correction to perfect ou.:bselves. I am pleased to see the progress we are making. We already have a good reputation for courteous action from subordinate commanders. I want to compliment all of you and urge you to work harder and harder for the days that are coming--days when the Fifth Army will go into battle." In the evening Gener�l Clark has five other members of his West Point class to his villa for dinner. They are, in addition to the general; Major General Ridgeway, Brigadier General Noce, Colonels Markow and Sullivan and Major Meacham. General Ridgeway then spends the night at the general's villa. \ * * * �17 '. ... �f��t r!j , 1;.)\�.;,;,, tz'.tt·i' OUJDA, MARCH 18, 1943--American troops, spearheaded by the First Division, have begun to move forward on the Central Tunisian front and G�fsa is recaptured today. The line has now returned to virtually the same point it was at when the Axis attacked in February. The plan is to drive on for Malrnassy, only 35 miles from the Gulf of Babes. To the south, the British Eighth Army is readying it­ self for a drive into the Mareth line. To date, with the frustrated thrust ot the two Panzer Divisions, there has been only artillery duels and patrols. In the North the British First Army is holding its sector secure. �!\ �•\•' The Fifth ArAY is now without a Deputy Chief of Staff since Colonel Adcock has been called for duty at Allied Force Headquarters in Algiers. General Clark and Gruenther are considering the replacement .. Thia makes three deputy Chiefs of Staff the Fifth Ar.my has had since its organization--General Nivens, General Lemnitzer and Colonel Adcock. Lieutenant Colonel Vincent has been made head of the G-4 section which Adcock headed before he was made Deputy Chief of Staff. Brig�dier General William H. Wilbur is announced today as director of the Fifth Army Training Centers. He will represent the Commanding General in super­ vising training at the following schools: Invasion Training Center; Field Officer Training Center; Replacement• Depots 1 and 2; Airborne Training Center; Engineer Training Center; Tank Destroyer Training Center; Mountain Training Center; Art­ illery Air Observation Post Training Center; Signal Training Unit, and other training centers of units that might be organized. This listing of special schools shows the scope of the Fifth Army's training mission. Following a final conference with General Ridgeway and posing for photo­ graphs with his Class of 17 officers, General Clark holds various short con­ ferences with his Chief of Staff and sections heads. He also attends one of the artillery section's morning orientation meetings at which the military situation all over the world is reviewed. Today the situation is thus: in Tun­ isia we hold the upper hand and there are indications that a big drive is pend­ ing to drive Rommel and Von Arnim out of their last toehold on the African con­ tinent; the Russian front situation is good and bad--good in the north where 5he Russians are closing in on Smolensk, bad in the center where the Germans have re-taken Karkhov, neutral in the south where there is little activity; in France, a group of patriots has holed up in the mountain country near.the Italian border and the Germans have had to call out a Panzer division in an attempt, as yet unsuccessful, to rout the ever-growing group out; there are reports that this guerilla army is being supplied by the Allies from the air; in the South Pacific there is only aerial activity. The general spends a quiet afternoon, working on papers and then going for his lung-clearing hike in the low hills to the south of Oujda. At retreat, he hands commissions to two new officers--one a former warrant officer in the AG section, the other a master sergeant in the G-4 section--and pins the Air Medal on Lieutenant Norman Lewis for making five oper�tional bombing flights over enemy territory. In the evening he has a group of Red Cross officials to his villa for dinner. The meal is heightened by the delivery of delicious Arab pa.steries from a high Arabian official in Oujda. * * * OUJDA-PORT SAIDIA-OUJDA, MARCH 19, 1943--Because of the imminent arrival at Fifth Army headquarters of General Gomes of Brazil, the vanguard of a group of �( Latin American officers who will be visiting Fifth Army headquarters, General Clark sticks fairly close to headquarters today until he learns that the Brazil­ ian is going to have to remain at, Marrakech overnight and fly in here tomorrow. The only non-headquarters visitor of the day is U.S. Vice Consul Pendar who is enroute back to Casablanca and Marrakech following a trip to Algiers. Pendar and the General confer briefly concerning political and civil affairs conditions in Morocco. General Giraud has just made a speech declaring that the "people of France have never accepted the Armistice" and "a French army of 300 1 000 men is being armed in North Africa••• France will be freed and take her place again among the nations •••the sovereignty of the people, destroyed by the Germans, will be restored in France.11 Giraud says he would welcome further cooperation with DeGaulle. The latter, Pendar and other civil affairs experts believe, is likely to cause repercussions. Giraud declares that "legislations passed since June 22 1940 is of no legal value, 11 adding 11 it is impossible to suppress laws and decrees with a stroke of the pen without making adaptation to new conditions. Already some measures have been taken. Municipal assemblies, general councils and finan­ cial delegations are restored. Laws of racial discrimination imposed on France by the Nazis (the Jewish questions which has caused General Clark much worry) no longer exist. The decree •••which established a difference between Arabic and Jewish natives is abrogated." Giraud, who worked so closely v:ith General Clark during theearly days of the North African campaign, gives a concise outline of what he proposes to do and declares: 11 I promise the people of France that their right to choose their provisional government will be safeguarded." Thus, Giraud, like Darlan before he was assassinated, publicly states that he does not seek personal power or aggrandizment. In.the afternoon, General Clark drives to Port Aaidia to watch a .50 cal• ibre machine gun firing demonstration from a mount devised so the gun can be quickly removed from a vehicle and placed on the ground. He also looks over the area which he is having turned into a "rest resort" for battle weary officers and men. Port Saidia is on the Mediterranean, the last French North African town before the Spanish Moroccan border begins. With both of his former personal airplanes--the B-25 and the B-17--having returned to the forward areas for combat work, General Clc\I'k has delivered to him today a C-47 transport which he will use for official flights. He intends to take his jeep with him on the trips so .his men practice loading the little quarter-ton and m&king refinements of the ship during the afternoon. * * * OUJDA-RABAT-CASABLANCA, MARCH 20, 194.3--General Clark's plan to have Latin American army officers visit the North African theater as a possible prelude to the use of Central and South American "token" troops in the region so they will feel they are a more active part of the United Nations reached fruiton today as Brigadier General Eduardo Gomes, commandL'lg Brazilian Air Units in the rltal northwastern section of the South American republic, arrives at Fifth Ar:m:, headquarters. a Mexican delegation is to come next month and other Latih Am­ erican groups are being formed. �79 • an honor guard of infantry. General Clark then takes the Brazilian into his office and tells him how honored he is to have a Brazilian officer arrive at his headquarters as the first Latin American official to visit the North African theater. Following the preliminary conference, Gomes goes to General Gruenther • s villa for lunch. This afternoon he will take off for Rabat with General Clark who is going down to a reception in honor of Arab leaders from throughout Morocco who have gathered at Rabat in conjunction with the birthday of Moha..'1lmed, which was celebrated yesterday. Prior to the arrival of Gomes, General Clark makes a thorough inspection of his headquarters, going into every office, ever-y nook and cranny. He is ac­ companied by General Gruenther and Lieutenant Colonel Smith, headquarters com­ mandant. The general is pleased with the appearaace of his headquarters and makes only minor suggestions for its imP,rovement. Following lunch, General Clark drives to Oujda airport and at 1:31 PM he takes off for Rabat in the C-47. The party includes·General Gomes and his two aides, Captain Horta and Lieutenant Colonel Tibbits; Colonels Saltzman and Robinson, Lieutenant Colonel Sutherland and Major Ball. After a routine flight, the C-47 lands at Rabat at 4:00 PM. Before landing, the plane circles over the Sultan's palace and huge crowds are seen in the court­ yard and in the streets surrounding the grounds. General Clark is met by a guard of honor from the 2nd Armored Division. With Major Genera;t Harmon he proceeds to the Residency of General Nogues. Scores of high American officials are already there--Brigadier General Pat Hur}v, the former Secretary of War who is in Africa on a special mission for President Roosevelt; Generals Fitzpatrick, Tompiins and others; Admiral Laur-y, commanding U.S. Naw. units and the base at Casablanca; and a host of French officers including Nogues, General Lescroux, Colonel Piatte and others. When the palace visitors have been assembled at Nogues 1 residency, the group leaves for a fonaal call on the Sultan. Enroute they pass through a vray hemmed in aounted (including Spa.his) and fool troops and bands. At the pa.lace, the courtyard is filled with colorfully dressed Tribesmen who have gathered in Rabat from throughout the Sultan's domain. Arabian horseaen from the hills predominate. They carry there long-snouted muskets and they are dressed in their finery. Again present i� the Sultan's Own Black Lancers, dressed in white, red and green and each of the fine specimens had a silver ring in his right earlobe. Wild and shaggy mountain horses are mixed in the streets with the finest Arabian stock. As General Clark and ether Aaerican officials enter the courtyard to the pa.lace, the band plays the national anthems of the United States, France and Morocco. After passing through the inner courtyard where the Sultan's slaves are lined up, the large group of visitors goes to the Sultan's throne room. The head of all Morocco is dressed in his finest robes and this time he looks like a. real potentate, not like the Jewish merchant he looked like the last time the general visited him. The throne room is beautiful with intricate mosaic work. Seated across the room f�om the visitors are all the Glaouis, Pashas, Caids, Cheriffs and Shieks from throughout the Sultan's realm. They are fat and thin, young and old, almost all bearded. They have fathered in Rabat because of the 11 Mouloud, 11 or anniversary of the birth of Mohammed. This is the great Moslem celebration of the year. �( Nogues speaks first, de vering a greeting to the Sultruit.� It is translated into Arabic by Si Mamzneri, the Su1tan 1 s Chief of Protocol. Colonel Saltzman translates into English. The Sultan then replies that he is glad to receive the visitors and that he is particularly glad to see General Clark again. He says he appreciates the gesture of the top-ranking American general in coming to Rabat and the Arabian festival based on the birth of the prophet Mohammed. The Sultan adds that he hopes the friendship now developing so well between the Arabs and the Americans will continue undiminished after the war and not cease when the American return to their home country. General Clark then expresses his appreciation for the Sultan's remarks and adds that "since the last time I saw your excellency I have travelled far and wide in your territory and I have been much impressed by the excellent feeling between the Americans and the Arabs. The feeling of f'riendship is ever-growing." The Sultan then pays tribute to President Roosevelt in glowing terms. Following this the new Pashas, Caids and other officials are sworn into office in an elaborate· ceremony. A very fat Arab, acting as Master of Ceremonies, and carzying u tremendously long and ornate sword, brings the new officials before the Sultan. They come up baref'ooted, kn.eel before the Sultan, kiss his hand. They then bow and make ro�m for another of the 25 new officials to go through the same little ceremony. Each officials receives a SJ:1all envelope, apparently containing a record of his right to office. After all the officials have gone before the Sultan, he rises from his throne and everyone backs out of the room, bowing--the Arabs low and cermoniously and the Americ�ns, including General Clark, courteously. As the guests again cross the courtyard the bands are playing again. It is raining lightly and when General Clark and his party reach the street, sraall tents have been set up from which the high-ranking officers can watch what is to follow. Genera.ls Clark and Nogues share the same tent. A bomb then goes off and the parade starts. First the new officers--Pashas, Caids, Cheriffs and Shieks-­ file by abreast. Next comes the Sultan, announced by the booming of another bomb, ' mounted on a beautiful white Arabian horse that is led by six men. The saddle and trappings are magnificent. The Sultan is followed by his empty coach, rich with gold gilt and colors, which is drawn by six horses. The Pashas and Caids have lined up in rows and, as the Master of Cememonies flings out a scarf like a college cheer-leader, each of the new officials presents a gift to the Sultan. This is followed by an Arab 11Fantasia11 which is identical to the display of Arab horsemanship that General Clark saw during his recent visit to the Caid near Marrakech. Wave after wave of shouting horsemen, mounted on beautifully groomed and trapped horses, ride at full gallop then attempt to fire their long muskets simultaneously. Two men are badly hurt during the "Fantasia11 as they fall from their racing horses. General Clark and the party then returns to Nogues 1 Residency. There a huge tea is being given for American, French and Arab officials. A native orchestra is playing Moroccan music. There is also a boys' choir. Nogues seems to relish being seen with high-ranking American officers. At 6:15 General Clark leaves the Nogues and, with the armored escort 1 goes to the airfield. As he is preparing to board his C-47 a French plane appears over the field and, since it contains French General Lahoulle, commanding the French Air Force in North Africa, General Clark waits, meets Lahoulie, exchanges greetings and then takes off for Casablanca. At Casa, the General is met by General Wilson who takes him into tovm to inspect two Red Cross clubs that are being opened tonight. The first one, for white troops, is inspected closely by General Clark. A broadcast, over the ABS station, is being �( made and General Clark makes a short talk during which he expresses appreciation for the fine work the American Red Cross is doing. He tells of his long associa­ tion with the American Red Cross in France during the last war and in England, Algeria and Morocco in this one. He pays tribute to Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson who head Red Cross work i n the North African theater. He greats men and officers in the Casablanca region. Btker speakers include.Mr. Stevenson of the Red Cross, Admiral Laury, speaking in behalf of the Navy; General Cannon, speaking in behalf of the Air Corps, and Gener.al Wilson who accepts the club in behalf of the army. From the first club, the group goes to the Liberty Red Cross club, which is primarily for negroes. Virutally the same speeches are made again except that General Cannon announces that "it won't be long before the first colored American fliers--part of the 99th Fighter Group--will arrive in Africa. They will be the first colored pilots in any American theater of war. They are already on their way.11 Cannon's announcement brings loud cheering. A colored sergeant replies in behalf of the enlisted uien saying the club is "our home overseas." Josephine Baker, the colorod torch singer, then entertains. General Clark and his party have not eaten since they left Oujda but, after cleaning up at Villa Mirador, where the party will remain overnight and the villa that Wis Prime Minister Churchill's home during the Roosevelt-Churchill Casablanca conference, they go to the Anfa hotel for an American Red Gross reception. Guests include all the officers who participated in the Red Cross club openings. General Clark remains until almost midnight. Ba.ck at the villa, he finally gets something solid to eat--bacon and eggs--before going to bed. ( * * * CASABI.JI.NCA, MARCH 21, 1943--General Clark puts in a busy day inspecting an d attending good-will functions today. The news from the front is excellent. Prime Minister Churchill, making a speech from London that is concerned primarily with pest-war problems, ad libs in at the end of his speech that the Eighth Arrrry is on the move in Southern Tunisia. American troops, supported by some French Units, are driving eastward from Gafsa and this afternoon they take Station de Sened, half­ way between Gafsa and Maknassy. A double push is now being mad� against Rommel. General Clark visits this morning a twin-unit assembly plant that the Atlantic Base Section has 4stablished. Here American trucks, shipped overseas in pieces, are being assembled. Strangely enough, a majority of the assembly workers a.re Italians who have been released from internment camps in French Morocco o They are friendly and :1.re doing a good job. General Clark expresses his approval to General Wilson of the plan of using civilians and internees on a job of this kind. The Flif'th Army commander then goes to the 6th General Hospital to inspect facilities there. He is shown through the huge medical establishment by the commanding officer, Col. Goethals, a relative of the hero of the Pana.ma Canal construction epic. Next the general inspec ts the dock and warehouse area of Casablanca and then goed aboard the liner Kungsjtolm, which has been reported sunk so many times by the Axist After being received by Captain Anderson and an honor guard, General Clark inspects the ship. He then goes to the home of the U.S. Consul in Casablanca, Mr. Russell, for Sunday dinner 9 Guests include high-rarJdng Arl!IJIJ, NaVY and Diplo­ Da.tic officials. �( that training is being carried on along three lines: l·-physical conditioning; 2--drilling and discipline, and 3--use of the rifle. Some replacement companies arriving from the States include a.s many as 1,000 men. After spenri:ing two to three weeks at the Center, these replacements are dispatched to various under­ strength units. Bad.discrepancies have been found. One man ca.me over from the States after 13 weeks in the Army. And during all that time he had been on nothing but latrine duty. He knew nothing about military organization or how to use a fifle. Approximately 5 1 000 men go through the Training Center evecy three weeks. General Clark is far from pleased on military discipline and general conditions at this camp. Returning to Villa Mirador, the general freshens up a.nd then goes to the home of U.S. Consul Culbert for a small reception and cocktail party. Afterwards, the Fifth Army Commander and a few hther high officers go to the dock area, wait for the Sultan of Morocco and then the entire party goes by cutter to the u.s.s. New York for dinner aboard the huge battleship. The party includes the Sultan, Admiral Laury, General Wilson, Captain Almstead who commands the New York, General Clark, Colonel Saltzman and Mr. Culbert. 'l'he Sultan is accompanied by his Secretary of State C.L. Moki; General Nogues and Si Ma.mmeri. Upon reaching the battleship, the party sees an elaborate and colorful ceremony. The entire ship's compliment is lined up along the ship's rails. In the darkness, the party is piped aboard, a Navy band plays the three national anthems--American, French and Moroccon--beau­ tifully. Smartly dressed American marines are at the head of the gangplank. The sailors are lined in straight rows along the decks. While honors are played, the officers salute and the Sultan, his rich robes flapping lightly in the sea breeze, stands at attention. At the dinner, Captain Almstead sits at the head of the table with the Sultan on his right, Nogues on his left. General Clark sits on the Sultan's right. At the start of the dinner the Sultan speaks in Arabic but before the evening is over he is using French o After dinner the entire party inspects the huge battleship. The Sultan climbs ambly about in his robes. Motion pictures had been planned but since the Sultan must drive back to Rabat tonight they are cancelled. The party leaves the vessel at 10 PM and f'u.11 honors are again pa.id as the tri-racial group goes over the side. Enroute back to shore in the cutter, the Sultan profusely expresses his thanks to General Clark. He professes again in glowing terms " my friendship for the United States." He declares that tonight "has been one of the unforgettable nights of my life. He tells General Clark that one of his great desires is to visit New York and the United States. Just be6Bre the cutter reaches the aockside the Sultan says: "I want to visit the United States when our common effort is crowned with success." This is the first time the Sultan has used the first person plural, bringing in the Moroccens, when referring to the war effort. Bidding the Sultan and Nogues goodbye at the dockside, General Clark return3 to Villa Mirador for the night. * * * CASABLANCA-OUJDA, MARCH 22, 1943--General Clark and his party proceed direct from their villa to the Casablanca airport and take off at 8:45 AM for Oujda. The Fifth Army commander must be in Oujda by 11 AM to attend an air-paratroop show that is being put on for General Gomes and French officer11 in the Oujda region. Gomes flew back to Oujda yesterday from Rabat where he participated in the calls on the Sultan and General Nogues. �( The general's C-47 puts down at Oujdaa± 10:42 AM and the General goes im­ mediately to a field near the airport where the air-paratroop show is to be staged. Generals Gruenther � Gomes are already at the site and General Clark joins them while paratroops explain their weapons, show how parachutes are packed and demonstrate with what equipment a paratrooper juaps. Precisely at 11 AM, 24 fighter planes appear about 4,000 feet overhead. This is the fighter cover the troop transports would have in an actual operation. Next two flights of B-26 bombers come sweeping over the low hills surrounding the field and they mock bomb the edge of the area where the paratroops are to land. Then the C-47 troop carriers appear. They come over the area at about 400 feet and soon the air is almost solid with quick-blooming pprachutes. The paratroopers come down in white chutes, ammunition is. red ones, food in chutes of another color, weapons in a fourth color. The paratroopers, except those de­ tailed to pick up guns and ammunition, lie flat on the ground. Planted charges are detonated at the far edge of the field to simulate enemy fire. Then the fighters come over to theoretically strafe the enemy positions. Some of these planes, that flick by at tremendous speeds over the specta.:tors' heads, fly as low at 15 to 20 feet. The paratroopers then begin advancing toward the theor• etical enemy positions. Gomes and the Frenchmen watch the impressive show closely. General Clark points out items of interest to Gomes. The show io a great success. ( General Clark spends the afternoon catching up on his paper work and getting a. report on action at the front. The Eighth Army has pentetro.ted the Mareth line where it reaches the coast in the vicinity of the salt marshes just east of the town of Mareth. The American troops are advancing steadily east of Gafsa. The lat Armored Division is moving along the road connecting Station de Sened with Makna.ssy. The 1st Infantry Division is moving southeastward, having passed.through El Guettar along the road that leads to Gabes. The situation looks good. In the evening the general has his first large-scale dinner party since coming to Oujda. He gives the dinner in honor of General Gomes and the other guests in­ clude: General and Mme. Beucler; Colonel and Mme. Herckel; Chef.de la Region and .... MJlie Bouyssi; General Gruenther; Colonels Saltzman and Sutherland; and General Gomes two aides--Captil.in Horta (Brazilian) and Lieut. Col. Tibbits (American). A nine-piece orchestra provides dinner music and following dinner the General ha.s a.n American motion picturf'! shown in his villa. * ( * * OUJDA, MARCH 23, 1943-.. Another Fifth A-rrcy- demonstration is put on today for General Gomes as a firing exhibition, involving most U.S. weapons, including a flame thrower, is put on in the hills just south of Oujda. General Clark is ac­ companied to the demonstration by General Gomes and Captain Horta. Weapons from pistols and carbines, up through rifles and machine guns up to three-inch self­ propelled howitzers, are fired. General Cihark personally shows Gomes how to fire some of the smaller weapons and promises to get carbines for the two Brazilian officers. Simulated attacks are made on pillboxes (made of sandbags) with rifle and machine gun fire, with grenades and TNT sticks and finally with the flame thrower. Again Gomes sees a demonstration of U.S. militil.ry might. He follows the entire show, which lasts from 9:30 AM until noon with avid interest. �During the afternoon, the General sticks close to his office. His only out of routine conference is with Major Coster, Americah officer on a committee investigating in Algeria and Morocco the status of political prisoners. General Clark is surprised to learn that this committee--made up of American, British, French and International Red Cross members--is investigating only alien political prisoners. Says the general: 11 ! am surprised that you are not investigating French political prisoners o That is the source of most of our trouble--the criticism being made. How about the friends who helped us land in North Africa1" Coster declares this is not part of his committee's work so General Clark calls Mr. Murphy at Algiers and learns that the machinery has started to mesh on an in­ vestigation concerning prisoners of French nationality. / Coster reports that a large percentage of the alien prisoners in North African detention ca.mps are Spanish Republicans. Their great desire is to get out and fight Franco again. Coster s�s they aren't interested in the war against the Axis. Pri�oners eligible for release after a careful medical and G-2 check are offered four alternatiges: 1-•service with the British Pioneer Corps (labor battalionst; 2--join the French Foreign Legion; 3--underta.ke civilian labor contracts, or, 4--shipment to Mexico. Coster says the Mexican propostion is new but he estimates 50 percent of the Spaniards may accept the four proposition. Many of the Italian and German prisoners (the latter all Jews) join the labor corps. General Clark tells Coster of his visit to the assenbly plant in Casablanca and Coster sees that as a fine outlet for Italian labor. The general says the ultimate plan is to have one American and four Italians working on each vehicle being assembled. There has been some discussion concerning Russian prisoners in detention camps and the u.s.s.R. has decided to send its own in­ vestigating committee. Coster 1 s 8roup makes a minute study o� each case and the most flagrant ones are referred directly to General Giraud. eoster believes a majority of the prisoners will be released. To date two camps in Algiers have been investigated and the committee is now ready to come into Morocco. One difficulty that is bound to arise in Morocco results from a Moroccan committee already investigating. The committee, headed by a woman, reportedly made rash promises of prompt and virtually 100 per cent release. The result of the Coster conference is that General Clark declares he wants to be kept informed on a.11 developments and that when the committee hits a tough spot he wants to help out. 11 I found in Algiers," says General Clark, "that a situation we didn't know existed would suddenly blow up in our faces with bad publicity. We want to know ahead of time what problems we face in regard to political prisoners. We want to know the possible sources of trouble m so we oa.n act before the situation blows up. We have many political problems with Masons, Jews, Lend-Lease. We want all angles of the political situation canvassed thoroughly. We have Nogues pretty well :i:i.n line and he appears ready to do any­ thing we ask." ( ' One of the general's closest friends--Major Nygaard, who was a West Point classaate and who was with the General in England--a.rrives today from the United Kingdom and General Clark spends part of the afternoon with him, conferring and tal:ing a long wal�. The other principal conference of the day includes a dis­ cussion of progress at the Invasion Training Center and the question of control motor movements to the Arzew region. Colonel Kammerer and part of the G-3 section confer with Generals Clark and Gruenther. �·.·�E•CRET =!-.,�.,:.. . n:' 1 •.. ..;•:i'):1i··�:-...�·�-·,·:-:. ;,::\· - , • ;... fi!::r 4u'� :..:. l!.-',4' r1 i �,,.. :r ...-1. t••,;1 - , .· ... :,, i...•••..••• , E�uul$ Briti:;;h MOSt sH"rfl#Jif,µ' · if.ii ;:.,, •' m/1�!1l;,. ; : · • t: . . �'";'\iii.{it . �( The best news of the day comes just before General Clark goes to his villa. in the evening. American troops have taken Maknassy and are pushing ea.st. This puts the forward point in the Central Tunisian line only 34 miles from the Gulf' of Ga.bes. In the southern sector the Germans have counter-att�cked but the Eighth A:rnzy- has held its principle bridgeheads, including the deep penetrated along the coast. General Clark has Nygaard as his dinner guest and the major remains over­ night at the Commanding General's villa. * * * OUJDA-FRITISSA-OUJDA, MARCH 24, 1943--General Clark visits the Engineer Training School at Fritissa, near Guercif', west of Oujda, today and comes away well pleased with the work that has been started at the week and a half old es­ tablisbllent, one of the Fifth Army's man;y training centers. The general's depairture almo3t brings an accident. At 8:30 he goes to the old airport and, despite a strong wind, climbs into the Piper Cub. The wind whips the eaa.11 plane around as it taxis out for the takeoff. As soon as it is a.irborne, the pilot, Ca.ptain Gillespie, and General Clark find the winds are treacherous. The little ship bounces crazily in the up and down draft. They aake ala9st no head�ay. Gillespie, apprehensive at the ship's behavior, recoimends that he return to the field. The Cub slips and slide:; and bumps her way down to the win&-whipped field and lands heavily. General Clark returns to headquarters, then starts the 90-•ile drive to Fritissa by car. The Fifth Army Engineer, Colonel Bowman, has preceded the generru to the Engineer School and he •eets him there. The general watches troops manually clear a field of mines by demolition. He then tours the entire school and re­ :aa.ins for luncheon, as the guest of Lieut. Col. Wyatt, commandant of the echool. General C·lark has this to say about the Engineer School: 11 It needs more equipment and it need3 to expand. A fine start has been made but much remains to be done. All types of engineer training--not just mine instruction--should be carried on. I want to send in whole e11gineer regiments so they can brush up on their tra.ining. The British instructors in mine demolition are doing a fine job. However, I plan to bring back some of our officers frorn the British Mine Schools and use them. All in all, I'• pleased with the school." Remaining at the school until aid-afternoon so he can give it a thorough inspection, Genera.1 Clark does not return to l<'ifth �my headquarters until almost 5:30 PM. In his office he goes quickly over the papers that have piled up during the day. The situation at the front is virtually the same as yesterday. The Americans have thrown up a strong anti-tank defense between Maknassy a.nd G�sa. There are two Fifth Army developaents today: Colonel Beam is announced as the Army's Air Officer and the Artillery Air Observation Post school is activated as Mascara, Algeria, and Lieut. Col. John·D. Salmon is put in charge. After going through his papers, the General goes to his villa. The general receives a very interesting letter today. It is from Hadj El-Ayadi Ben Lachelli, Caid of the Rebamna a.nd the splendid old Arab leader that was host to General Clark at a 11 diffa11 on his rece:q.t trip to Marrakech. The letter is written in beautiful Arabic characters. It shows the feeling of Arab ·1eaders toward the Aaericans. The letter follows: ..,.. SECR:·,:• :. :i':}/�,' ':/ \.\ I' .·1g/·,lriUsh ·MOST : ., /.::' :. �( ( "To His Excellence, the Great General Cl.u-k. I present you with Pty respects, and the expression of my high consider­ ation. I have the honor of in.foraing you that I have received your esteemed letter no. 464 of March 8, 1943, in ,,hich you express your gratitude and that of your honored staff for our dordial reception during your short visit, which filled us with joy. "There is no doubt that the American nation is built up on the noblest elements of all hunanity, and this is the nation which sprang, like a lion, to defend the equality of men and the victory of right against violence and slavery, to defend the menanced .freedom of the world, and to give all the nations liberty, peace and quiet. Your great nation deserves all our admiration and our respect. "The welcome extended to you and to your brave men by my tribe is far :f"ro11 equalling the honor you deserve. The short interval of 24 hours you accorded us before your visit was too brief to allow us to assemble our men, scattered among the distant mountains. All the notables and all the men who, due to circUJ1stances, were unable to see you and to express their affection and their great admiration for the heroes of the war, have insisted that I ask you to honor them with another visit in the Spring, and to beg you to inform them a week beforehand so that they may all gather around you, and render homage to the great defenders of eqU!lity. In this way, our hearts will be united by unbreakable ties. "Your short visit has proved to me your great affection, and t�t our :souls are Wl.ne to agree, and I have the firm conviction that we have been friends since the creation of the world, although we do not speak the same language. An Arab proverb says: "Souls exist eternally and eternally their good or their ba.d in­ clinations subsist.• "I beg of Your Excellence to accept my sincere thanks for your first visit, and also for your esteemed letter expressing your gratitude and that of your heroic men during your passage among us. 11 \Ve pray God to lead you to victory, you and your Armie:a, and to gra.n t peace to mankind. (signed) � l, 2\\ 11 * ,. * * OUJDA, MARCH 25, 1943--Because of frequent trip away from his headquarters, General Clark has been unable to aeet uny new officers arriving for duty with the Fifth Ar� so this morning he greets a large group, 26, of newcomers. After welco•ing them to the Fifth Army and explaining the .u-my 1 s present mission, General Clark cracks into the subject of promotions. I have just received a letter fro11t General Eisenhower concerning promo­ tions, n General Clark declares. "Many of you were rushed over here and you were told back in the States that you would be promoted upon arrival in the theater. There have been too many proaiscuous promotions. Juet because the T.O. calls for a man of a certain rank that is no sign he should have that rank. He must 'fl'Ove himselfl Promotiohs are coming but they are going to be carefully studied and based on merit." 11 Regarding future operations, General Clark grins and looks at his Chief of Sta.ff as he declares: "General Gruenther and I have ants in our pants just like the rest of you. 11 He assures his new officers that they will get an opportunity for action" and cautions them that "this is the time to make ourselves better prepared for the action that is coming." At the close he shakes hands and cha.t:5 briefly with each new man. �T ( The medical situation is discussed with Lieut. Col. Bruce. The general re­ checks the venereal rate and wh�t steps are being taken to hold it down. Then he goes into the problem of malaria. Beginning April 22, each officer and man will take two malaria treatments weekly, taking two tablets on Monday and Thurs­ day nights following supper. These treatments will last until the last Thursday in November. Other precautions--such as use of mosquito bars, avoidance of damp areas, nets and gloves for men on outside night duty--will also be taken. Two general officers visit General Clark in the afternoon. First comes Brigadier General Everett Hughes, Deputy Commander of the North African Theater of Operations, U.S.A. Surprisingly, Hughes does not understv.nd the set-up and responsibilities of the Fifth Army so General Clark explains them to him. He also tells Hughes that there must be greater discipline in NATOUSA. The second caller is Major General Goeffrey Keyes, now commanding the I Armored Corps since General Patton went to the front to ti\ke command of the II Corps. Changes are in the offing. Keyes reports that in all probability the 3rd Division is going to be turned over to the British for use in a predominantely British operation. This will necessitate the shipping of another division to replace the 3rd. General Clark is perturbed because today a report has come in that the Germans have moved four Geru.n SS divisions to the Franco-Spanish border. This report aay be part of a "war of nerves" but every move has to be watched. The 3rd is the greatest strik­ ing force left in the Fifth Army area. ( The Fifth Moroccan Rifles, who have been stationed in Oujda, leave town today. The outfit is going west to be re-fitted with weapons and then go to the front. Ats the regillent aarches by Fifth Army headquarters, an American inf'antry company comes to present arms and about 50 Fifth Army officers, lined up along both sides of the street, slute the Moroccans. At the railroad station, most of the 3rd batt�lion of the l�th Infantry Regiment zsands as an honor gu&.rd for the departing native troops. An Americ..n Army band plays "Old La.ng Syne.11 General Clark himself draws up a slogan for the Fifth Army today. It will be printed as a daily watchword in the daily bulletin. The slogan is "Be Ale�t and Live. 11 In the ev:ening, General Clark has dinner at General Gruenther's villa where Generals Keyes and Hughes are staying overnight. The Fifth Array cozm:nander, suffering from a cold and sore throat, returns to his villa early. * * * OUJDa, MARCH 26, 1943--To keep his officers alert to what is going on at the front, General Clark has been sending Fifth Army specialists to Tunisia to observe the fighting and front-area conditions. Today, four of the officers return and the general schedules a lecture on "Lessons from the Front." This Girls',;School which the Fifth Army has taken over has a perfect location for just such a dis­ cussion--the chemistry lecture room with plenty of blackboard and map space and tiered seats. First Colonel Barker, Fifth Army Chemical Officer, tells of a new bomb that has been developed. He saw it demonst2ated at Biskra. This type is to be used on harbor and sea targets. It ie ma.de from a 55 gallon oil dru.111 to which tail fins from 1,000 pound bombs have been attached. The drum is filled with jellied oil and this co•prises an incendiary oil bomb that will cover 28 to 30 square yards of sea with 10 foot high flames that will burn three to five minutes. It has ·rumi," . . . r.•:-;;t:·�: 11� ·:\\\,.":, . ., . CT :, :�,'\�·1, jfi. ti:r;,8'€>ST I �:1,Rli: �,i.. ,1�;1;1j; ( been determined that harbor bombing is quite ineffective. This oil incendiary would set out the targets and would destroy wooden vessels. IDha flames would pile up to greater heights around vessels. Colonel Barker declares that this new bomb, filled with jellied oil so the fuel won't burn too fast, would be except­ ionally effective in preventing an inva3ion or a withdrawal to sea "such as the Axis might have to attempt in 'l'unisia.11 Crude oil for this bomb is available from Algerian wells. The bombs couchd either be dropped by bombers or topplied out of transport planes . Also, cargo planes could dump the oil on the water and B-25s or similar ships could go over the oil-slick water and drop burning pieces of rubber to ignite the sea. Barker says the bomb might create havoc if dropped in the region of enemy submarine bases. Lieut. Col. Williams of the Fifth .Army Quartermaster Section then explains the supply pro�lem at the front. He declares that the battle in Tunisia might well be termed a 11 Ba.ttle of Supply.u The big supply bottleneck is a.t Tebessa. Principal unloading for the forward area is done at Bone and Philippeville, both of which have limited port capacity and limited rail capacity from the sea to Tebeasa. From Tebessa, everything �s to be trucked forward. Highways in the area. are narrow and twisting but they are being improved. Col. Willia.I1S declares that native labor should be used to the maximum and adds that A.rabs should be handled ca..refully "since they can be either friends or eneniiles. 11 Regarding rations at the front, Col. Williams says that American troops in Central Tunisia have been living on British ttCompo11 rations until the middle of March. A merican rations are now getting in. He says there is plenty of food in the forwii.rd area but he "doubts if it is a balanced ration . 11 ( The Qua.rterm.aster Officer reports that there is plenty of gasoline for cargo vehicles but there is no surplus for c01abat vehicles. One of the faults is that we lack an expeditious method of getting gas from drums to cans. He also says that we should have standard 11 pack11 sets of oil and gas like the British do. There is a shortage in shelter halves but the situation is being i!!proved. Amer­ ican troops, he declares 11 are not as prompt or efficient as they might be11 in salvage operations after combat. He adds also that there should be 11 a. definite control of salvage when it gets to the dWllp.n He says that the Germans are far ahead of us "when it comes to collecting the dead and wounded off the battlefield." He says that thought should be given also to the problem of rounding up the per­ sonal belongings of casualties. Williams brings out a number of points: when an outfit getting ready for battle has its Table of Basic Allowances brought up to standard it would be issued the best, not the worst, equippment on hand; laundry and bath facilities at the front should be increased; the problem of water aupply is going to be increasingly tough as SUllllller approaches; convoy discipline at the front must be better and �t least one out of every four trucks should have .50 caliber :machine gwis 11ounted on it to discoura,ie strafing by airplane:,; our troops should have more training in clearing areas of mines and booby traps. During his discussion of rations, Col. Williams casually mentions that "a battalion of American troops had to be drawn back from the front after six weeks on British rations because of malnutrition. 11 When he has finished speaking, General Clark rises from his front row seat and declares that the British Compo ration is a well-rounded ration and that he knows of no case where it has caused aalnutrition. He int:illa.tes that such 11 ll&lnutrition11 statements as that just made are dangerous and he asks General Blesse, who is a member of the audience, to explain the British ration from a medical point of view. �( General Ble:sse declares that "we have had a lot of our troops on British Comporations and they have thrived well. The ration is ver:y much like our own and troops can get tired of it just like they get tired of our C ration. The Compo is a balanced ration and we know of no malnutritition resulting from it.11 General Clark then ask:s his Quartermaster, Colonel Sullivan, to explain an idea he has for American rations. Sullivan declares that we should eliminate the use of carfiboard boxing for our rations and, like the British, put them in wooden boxes. This would eliminate a lot of breakage and loss of ca.ns. Sullivan also proposes more logical pa.eking of boxes to do av1ay vlith fUJ1bling in the dark in an effort to get out the right cans. Also, if the rations were placed in wooden containers there would be less chance of the wrap�rs, identifying the type of food in the cans, being torn off. ( ( Captain Wilbur of the G-3 section, an expert on Tank Destroyer units, next reports on his observations. Wilbur toured the front line areas and he declares that no longer are American units "being stuck out where they can't be supported." He says that strong groups are being held in reserve to meet thrusts or to sup­ port moves in vital sectors. He reports that he never found a Tank Destroyer battalion 11 being used intact as a battalion" and observes that "they have been broken up into :smaller units contrary to our principle:, of instruction.11 He 1Sqs that American infantry has not had enough training with tanks and "they dread the•." Consequently, they have not aade the most expeditious use of their rocket gurus and grenades. He also reports that there has been no coordination in mine laying and that often our troops don't know where there own mines have beenJaid. Because of mud at the front, motorcycles and amphibious jeeps are useless and they will be until the terrain dries. He declares that Tank Destroyers, if used properly, can stop tanks. He also reports that observations at the front make him certain that there sho�ld be greater cooperation between arms--not so much rivalry between the various branches of service. This feeling of "we are the important A.rm11 leads to a feeling that infantry, arl'lored or other branches can pull a complex operation a.lone. Colonel Edmonson of the Artillery Section then makes his observations. He says that action has proven that tanlcs won't advance under heavy artillery fire. He declares that the use of tanks should be a command decision; that Tank Des­ troyer Ba.ttallions are not designed to "slug it out11 with tanks but must be used deftly and with an element of surprise; that morale at the front is high and that staff cooperation is good. He says that the staffs are having certain difficulties and he outlines them thus: Artillery--having difficulty in getting definite information on the a11ount and types of runmunition on hand; they have trouble finding out what ammunition is enroute; they lack air photographs; G-4-­ everyone muot be more economical with the supplies they have on hand; supply should be based on the demands from front to rear, not rear to front; there is a lack of combat replacements at the front; some guns �e arriving without sights, wreckers without tools, etc.; G-2--there is lack of combat intelligence; recon­ naissance elements do not maintaih constant contact with the enemy; there is no evaluation of combat intelligence below corps; lack of air photographs hampers intelligence work--there has been visual air observation but no photographs; G-3--only complaint is that it is being 11 by pa.ssedrr on so:rne ma.tters and orders in which it is directly concerned; G-1--replacement difficulties with some replacements arriving without weapons and so�e physically unfit included among troops being sent up for front-line duty. �C: C.a:DttT-1 �€'7�;,fQ��·�jt;,J '.' .._ �:� At��jr&i\� mJ�h: )., �.u .). :-:-- 90 ·� ish MOST SECRET { General Clark believes that this "Reports From The Front" will do much toward making his array much more war wise when the time comes for it to enter battle. As time goes on, Fifth Arrsr.r officers will be making observation trips to the front. Information gleaned will be passed to lower commands and also be used to improve courses at the various Fifth Ar'llfY schools now being established. General Juin, head of all French Ground Forces in North Africa and one of the participants in the early discussions at Algiers, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters today while enroute to the west. Juin has been in the front area. Arter an ornate welcome, with a band, two platoons of infantry as an honor guard which General Juin inspects after General Clark meets him at the gate, the French and Americ4'.11 generals go to the Fifth Anny commander's office. Gen­ eral Clark explain:s the mission tre Fifth Arrny has before acmt it and goes into detail concerning the special schools that are being set up. He tells him how he is keeping his staff officers abrea:t of developments at the front. After a brief talk, General Clark takes General Juin to his villa where aperitifs are served before the luncheon party--22 people--goes to the Officers• Mess for a deftly served and formal meal. Immediately after lunch, General Juin departs for Marrakech. Another interesting letter in Arabian is received today. This one is from the Pash;;i. of 'l'iznet. It reads: Glory to the only Godl May he grant his blessings to our Lord and Master Mohamed and to all his brethern. 11 ( "The 6th day of Rabi' in the year 1362 - March the 13th, 1943. "To His Excellency Li•utenant General Mark Clark, Commanding in Chief, the Fifth Army, powerful, creditable, successful, considerable and holy General. 11 Your pleasant letter has just been received with greut joy. This letter and its contents show a deep manifestation of the sympathy which your noble side feels with such benevolence for the cause of Justice and Freedom and particularly for the Mo�occan nation which has forever been bound to this cause by a strong and disinterested tie as well as our Ma�ter by the grace of God, the Sultan of Great Morocco. You have honored ua by visiting us, and the pleasure which you have ex­ pressed has ma.de us feel greater. As to the joy which our hearts feel, it is the same for the happine3s which fluttered in our hearts when we heard the news (of your coming). The day of your visit will remain in our country as a great happiness and as a living symbol for the Armies which, with God's help, will liber�te our mother-country. Thanks to you the hour has come for a democratic ideal under the leadership of the Master and Lord of our lives His Beloved Majesty (the Sultan) who has full power over our souls and our hearts. "Long live At1ericat 1 1 Long live Morocco t 11 Al Fatni Ibn Ahmed (Pa.hsa of Tiznet) nHis Faith is in God. 11 -------- J �iE�REt 1 ( ' • ....I :.":.:,'•• � ·:·, . .' : ,, l,.1i,l\�li 91 M ' ,.; ,·• r • 1 \\.,.'4 .:, 1: ::;1·f.;:�r,•',iufU 1 ;,J· ��i(�'os·t .!�f!f!; The genera.l's plans .for conferring with Lieutenant General Orgaz are taking shape. The meeting will take place early in April. The second has been proposed. General Clark, still bothered by a shore throat, spends the evening at his villa, having a few close friends in for dinner. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 27, 1943--General Clark is keeping a close eye on the Spanish situation and this morning--after having to cancel because of rain a planned Piper Cub flight to Ain Temouchent and the headquarters of the VI Corpsf)-the Fifth Army Commander has his G-2, Colonel Howard, come in with plans that Colonel Hohenthal, U.S. Military Attache in Madrid, has sent down via diplo­ matic pouch. These are the pla.ns that Spa.in would put into e.ffect should Ge:r11any invade the country. The Spanish figure on two defenses. One based on the supposition that the Gerimans would drive for Madrid. The second that they would strike farther north \ and head straight for Portugal. Both plans figure that the Germans would use a combined mechanized-tank-air attack and th.at it would come through the lower northwestern end of the Pyreenes. The Spanish believe they would have sufficient forces to hold the Germans for ten da.ys. At that time they would need assistance from the Allies and that assistance would be in the form of modern �viation. If that aid did not arrive within 15 days after the German attack, the Spanish be­ lieve they would be lost and have to crumble before the Germans. They estimate the Germans would use a force of 20 to 25 divisions and two air armies. The Spanish would rush up about 70,000 •en to meet the first thrust. They have laid out several line3 of defense but the main lines, lines .four and five, would run as follows: Line Four--San Sebastian, Tolosa, Roncensvalles; Line Five--Marquisa­ Pamplona. The Spanish are "!eak on mechanized equipment, anti-tank and anti-air. Then infantry is strong. Their artillery fair. The Spanish would throw about 250 1 000 troops into the main lines of defense. Colonel Howard explains that at the end of 10 days, the Spanish want Allied aviation; at the end of 20 da.ys they would need anti-tank mines, anti-aircraft equipment. "Don't they want any of our troops? 11 •sks General Clark. Colonel Howard shakes his head: "Not according to the plan sent down from Madrid." "Then it is a hopeless situation," replies General Clark. "They must invite us in! What we should do is start making plans jointly. If we don't it would be a badly muddled situation. We'd have to move troops in and without any coordin­ ation, neither the Spanish or ourselves would know what was going on.11 The general, after getting an outline of the Spanish plan, calls in Gen­ eral Gruenther and Colonel Robinson and goes over the Backbone plan that has been checked and re-checked, changed and re-changed so many times because of the movement to the Tunisian front of troops originally included in the Back­ bone plam1ing. Before he sees General Orgaz, General Clark wants to have the plan firmly in mind. Orgaz has proposed April 2 as the date of meeting and he wants to have General Clark and his party to lunch at Touiaat, about 45 miles inside the Spanish Moroccan border. This will give the general and his party an excellent chance to look over the land in at least this part of Spanish Morocco. It is anticipated that the American troop3 would be invited into Spanish Morocco i.f the Germans attacked Spain. �Cr. n C r!T:!:., :�f)Wiri� ��J.��·ti�J{..},f\:i ':�··.;i;;\\):��\ill'i�. ·. ':l'."!:·.s::�:'.�.: .•:·\..:· .� .·�: '.:�\)")_;�;ii';.��� ( ; �ti"�li-" N\'OST --SECRET At the front, things are still going well in the Centr�l and Southern Sectors while the British hold on the north against sporadic Axis att�cks. A sensational development of the day is the shelling of Gabes from the sea by an Allied gunboat and the landing, north of Gabes, of some British commandos. The American Air Force lays of a heavy bombing today on roads between the Mareth line and Gabes. Air reconnaissance indicates that Romnel 1 s force, pounded hard on the Mareth line, is withdrawing northward toward Ga.bes. Truck convoys are strafed and fired. Following long thought on his part, General Clark today places the Fifth Army Tank Destroyer units under control of the Artillery section. He m...kes this move on the basis of reports from the front showing the neecb[ for greater co­ hesion between artillery and tank destroyer. Following luncheon at his villa with General Moran, during which plans are laid for the reception here tomorrow of Maa,or General Olmstead, Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army, General Clark cleans up his paper work and then goes for a. long, soggy walk with Colonel Sulliviill. As the result of his venereal disease conference with Colonel Bruce yesterday, General Clark today sends commendations to Fifth Army units with a low disease rate. They read: 1- I have noted the low weekly venereal rates of your regiment (etc) and wish to commend you and your men for your accomplishment in this regard. 11 2One of my first acts after assuming com mand of the Fifth U.S. Army was to insure the organization. of a forceful, effective program for control of venereal diseases. I consider this of prime importance because of the serious effect these disea:,es have upon the morale and combat efficiency of troop:,. 11 3- I am relying upon you to maintain the al�rtneas you have shown, where­ by you will aid materially in the successful accomplishment of the mission of the Fifth Army. 11 11 The general spends a quiet evening at his villa, having his three aides-­ Major Ball, Captain Houston and Lieutenant Beardwood--in for dinner. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 28, 1943--The forthcoming trip of the Fifth Army Commander to Spanish Morocco to confer with Lieutenant General O rgaz, high commissioner for the country. The { oa.ble confirming the meeting is sent by General Clark to Mr. Childs, U.S. Consul a.t Tangiers. It says: "Designation of Tauima. will be entirely satisfactory •• I:.utollowing will be with me: Major General Gruenther, Colonel Howard, Colonel Saltzman, Lieutenant Bea.rdwood, together with General Gomes, Captain Horta, .members of Brazilian mission who are attached to my headquarters and also one French officer who will probably be Colonel Poydenot who is attached to my headquarters, and .J.so six enli3ted men including one camera man and five drivers. Four ca.rs will be used for trip. Please indicate the point on the border where we are to cross and in­ dicate the hour we are to be there. Indicate also whether we shall be met at border.tt The date, April 2, has been definitely set. The main local development today is the arrival of the Army's Chief Signal Officer, Major General Olmstead. He is met at the ai:port by General Moran and �0, 3 ., • :i-:·u·:1:\.: .,.:::.OCT ·�i:-··t}�fi;;i ;; ,.._ :·)t·:;::�r. i.;,_...:;:'!lljii . �·J�l� . . . ,:&· ;�; ..,: E�al�.:t�f:{����:�}�yp_ST SECR,�!, < • brought to Fifth Arrey Headquarters where a band and two platoons of infantry pay honors. General Olmstead, who is :malting an inspection tour of the North Afrivan theater, then confers with General Clark. After a brief conference with the general, the Arl!IY' s Chief Signal officer inspects :!ignal outfits st;..tioned in Oujda and tours eignal inst&.llations. Aside from the arrival of General Olmstead, this rainy Sunday is all ·routine.Terrific. rains and some hail fall during the afternoon. In the evening, General Clark attends&. party in honor of General Blesse, Fifth Army Megical Officer who is going to Algiers to be head American surgeon for Allied Force Headquarters and Chief Medical Officer of the North African Theater of Opera­ tions, U.S. Army. The general then return� to his villa for a dinner that he gives in honor of General Olmstead and other officers accompanying hia. Fol­ lowing dinner, Generals Clark and Olmstead and the other six dinner guests go to the ]'ifth Army Headquarters theater to see a Signal Corps film showing early events in Algeria and 1'unisia. The films include a shot of General Clark, with Admiral Darlan, General Anderson and Admiral Cunningham. other sequences show a graphic account of a.nearly ba.ttle at the front in which American tanks drove German Panzers out of the Tebourba valley. Biggest development of today on the Tunisian front is the advance of the 34th Division in the northern half. of the Central sector. The division takes Foundouk, about 12 miles southeast of Pichon, and thus J!tra±ghten the line in the Central sector and remove the possibility of a flank attack agijnst the bulge driven eastwa.rd by the 1st Armored Division and the 1st Infantry ijiv­ ision. The 9th Infantry Division has been moved up to Gafsa where it lies aa a ready reserve for use in a.n attack or to help meet a counter-attack. * * * OU.TDA, March 29, 1943--The Mareth line is era.eked todayl Axis forces, the small section of North Africa that they hold growing ever smaller, are with­ drawing northward with the Americans in the central sector putting ever-increasing pressure on their west flank. ( In mid-afternoon, the Fifth Army receives this news: 11 The British Eighth Arny has smashed the Mareth linc •••The whole of the reorganized defenses of the Mareth line are now in our hands. The key �oints of Mareth, Toujane and Matrnata, fell before the weight of General Montgor:tery Is attack yesterday, _just eight days after his all-out assault started. Axis prisoners now total 6,000. The Mareth line was regarded as the strongewt and toughest position that the Germans have held since they were driven out of .1i:l Alamein in Egypt. While one part of the British Eighth Army kept up relentless fJroRtal�pressure, another part was de­ tached to 3weep around and behind the Mareth line. Radio Algiers reported that this outflanking force had reached Hanlll!a; thus leaving a corridor only 16 miles wide through which the Axis forces could retreat northward. This threat, com­ bined with front�l pressure, was appa.rently too much for Axis Commander Rommel. Only nine days ago, Prime Minister Churchill announced 1 The Eighth Array is on the move.• In th&t time, this army, with powerful aid f'rom the Western Desert Air Force, had broken the system of defense wfuich French designer3 said to be virtually impregnable. Further north, General "Blood and Thunder11 Patton is pushing Americ&n troops forward to the coast to shut off fron Arnim, such . ���:;�:.;��$$:f,\O:iT · ·SEC�F�.Ji.ltl IB.i �E� · :,:,t: j�;J!i r�"H:d� Equals �I ._,:;//S,��RET· · -://J�;il ' ( ,w,..,· , I � �;r1'ff t Equ<;Jl.s ·�ri_ti�h i \10ST SEC�E]!;';< ., t. .-..;.,�· ,,,,Y, 1 ,p.:�t:11 !,,;t,,.:'..&r.�,:::. .. , 1 .. ·�_.b•:;:·.��-··;.,� reJlllanes of Rommel's Afrika Korps as may escape General Montgomery's talons. A further advance fron El Guettar towards the port of Gabes is also announced in General Eisenhower's communique today. The Algiers radio, earlier, reported a further advance towards Kairouan and Sousse. 11 Working to instill greater discipline in his army so it will be better pre­ pared when battle comes, Genernl Clark calls a conference this morning oIJ.aihl: unit collIJlrulders in the Oujda area. After Gener&l Gruenther has reviewed the sit­ uation specifically, pointing out cases where drunken soldiers mi.d been treated too leniently and ha� outlined the difficulties that have arisen at the front due to lax disciplinary methods in the rear, General Clark addresses his officers: 11 I see many things here that shov, me that sometimes a disgraceful situation exists. Yesterday I saw two WiPs carrying two druhks down the main street of Oujda.. We are not hell-dodgers. We want good morale. We realize men 11Ust kick up ) a bit once in a while. But, we are not going to stand for drunkenes3 and Boldiers who are slop1,y in appeara.nce and manners. II m sorry to say that nest of the vio­ lations are being made by. the air corps. They have done a lot of flying and a lot combat work. But that doesn't give the� the right to get drunk and shabby when he comes back here. I've flown a lot with the air corps and I know they represent a fine cross-section of high type American men. But they lack disciplinary train­ ing." General Clark then points out that headquarters of the Fifth Army has been making it tough on drunks, docking them two-third of their monthly pay for this violation. ( I am chuged, 11 continues the general, 11 with preparing troops for combat. I am instilling discipline in these men and it will serve the� well when they go to the front. We a.re becoming alert. My standards can't be different than your standards. (The air corps). I want your help. I know we have thrown aur army together fast and that it is taking time to instill nrl.litary consciousness and disi'cipline. We have service units hastily thrown together. We have infantry re­ placements fresh over from the States. We have air corps. I want your help in every possible way so that we can have discipline. This demand for discipline is going to be spread throughout my entire area o.f command and I am going to get the result I desire." 11 Details for the historic trip to Spanish Morocco Friday are being put in final shape. General Clark calls in General Gruenther, Colonel Poydenot o.f the French Mission to the Fifth Army and Colonel Saltzman, the new Chief of Sta.ff, to discuss the mission. Cables from Tangiers show that General Orgaz opposes any large French representa tion and General Clark explains to Colonel Poydenot that this -is primarily an Americun visit to the Spanish but that he will take two Frenchmen along, either Colonel Guillaume and/or Colonel P�tte, both key men under General Nogues, and Colonel Poydenot. The French mission chief says Nogues has declared that General Clark's pending trip is 11� splandid thing." The only objection Nogues sees is, 11 Poydenot says, 11 on the native side. If the Americans met Orgaz alone the Sultan �ight interpret it as some degree o.f en­ dorsement of Spanish claims on E:pe.nch Morocco.11 Interrupts General Cle!.I'k: "'that is wey I am asking you and one other French officer to go. That will demonstrate to Orgaz the solid,arity of the French and Aaericans. This is going to be a small scale and informal meeting." It is d ecided that Poydenot :md Guillouae will ac­ compi..ny the Americans. Equals British \O,'.;T SECRET �Major General Lucian Truscott, now commanding the 3rd Division, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters in aid--.fternoon. Ge�eral Clark preferx, for the time being, io leave the subject outside this diary. However, the result was that a special letter was prepared for General Eisenhower and that a special plane was set up to fly the letter to Algiers with an officer courier. General Truscott stays overnight at General Clark's villa. * * * OUJDA-PORT AUX POULES-AAZEVl-OUJDA, MARCH JO, 1943--With General Truscott, Brigadier General Maxwell D. Taylor, second in command of the 98th Atborne Infantry which is to arrive in Africa and coue under the Fifth Army soon, and Captain Houston, General Clark goes today tQ his Fifth Army Invasion Training Center on the Mediterranean Coast ju§t east of Oran. After checking important radios arriving overnight, the General and his party go to Oujda airport and take off at 9:45 AM for Oran. The plane lands at La Senia ai¥port at 10:JO und th� party is aet by General Truscott 1 s aide and two cars. Driving to Pourt Aux Poules, General Clark and his party are met by Brig. General 0 1 Daniel, commandant of the school. Gener .. 1.l Clark inspects the Chris­ Craft boat that has been sent to the Invasion Training Center for his use and then tours I. T. C. headquarters. �eneral 0 1 Daniel is luncheon host at his villa to Generals Clark, Truscott and Taylor and Admirals Hewitt, Hall and Kirk, all of the U.S. Navy. ( During'tho afternoon the general sees a demonstr�tioh of training being carried on by this all-importan� school. First he goes to the street fighting area and watches a demon3tration platoon simulate-actual fighting. Live a111r.1un­ ition, grenades and TNI' is used. When the platoon has neutralized a house, it »arks it and moves on to tho next. After the instruction platoon has gone through the drill, a platoon in training goes through the same naneuver, first w:i:lhout ammunition and then with live stuff. Next the general goes to an area where in­ struction is being given in mine clearing. Here, troops are being taught ho� .to dispose of anti�tank and anti-personnel mines o On the beach, part of the 15th Infantry is being acquainted with demolition methods and learning to handle hand and electrical fuses. N�xt, the �eneral watchns troops learning to handle rubber collapsible boats. Si.xteen-man crews take the narrow rubber craft out through the surf, turn them around and race ashore. There is competition between crews, the winning crew being the one that can land its boat, drag it ashore and then race across a finish line. The party next drives to Arzew beach where General Clark inspects an I.ST (landing ship tank). These huge vessels--JOO feet long--ca.n carry 25 tanks. The general also looks over an LCI (l�nding craft infantry) which has small sleeping compartments. It will c&I.I'ry approxioately 230 men. Frorn Arzew, the general drives to La Senia, re-bo�rds his C-53, and flies back.to Oujda, arrivin g at 5:35. In the evening he goes to General Gruenther's villa to a dinner given in honor of the National Co!llf'la.nder of the Ailerican Legion, Roane Waring; Brigadier General William Smith, out of General Marshall's office, and Judge Willfa.m lther­ ton, chairnian of the American Legion's National Defense committee. Waring ha� come to Africa as the guest of the American Army to observe conditions and troops. · . .t·��g���i:;,; ;,. � Equals .·,s,Tt1ih': :J•/,0,ST.'·SECRET . .. �I �b :.,;�!t:,);y::;;,:;·�;./ :.:;:�:���f{;:ut�,· . ,. Eq"fll.s;.;s�m�, ·" 1·1�,ost . · ""·· ( The Eighth Aray re6i.ches Gubes today as Ro1DJ11el 1 13 force continue th�ir flight northw...rdl The Americil.Il and French troops in the Central sector are keeping up continued pressure with the British First Arny' in the North sector holding firm. * * * OUJDA, MARCH .31, 1943--Continuing the Fifth Army 1 s "Lessons from the Front11 serie8 1 Brigadier Gener�l Wilbur, head of the Army's training school system, lecture:s today on tactic<l-1 observations he r.tade while up at Maknassy last week during the II Corpe attack. Wilbur was not interested in any un.tt larger than a battalion. Of the seven days he spent away from headquarters, v7ilbur was in the very front lines two days. He reports that the II Corps "is a different organiz­ ation since Gemeral Patton took over • 11 C ( After reviewing that he saw during the two days he stayed on a hill where three companies of infantry .md some light tan.ks were -.ttacking a Germ.in strong­ hold, General Wilbur l'!l;,lkas these recommend�tions: battalion and company offic�rs should always have runners (lack of a runner made the major col\U1landing the bat­ talion Wilbur attached hinwelf to a casu.uty); all verbal messages should be double-checked for accuracy and repeated to I!B.ke sure there is no change in idea through shifting context; there should be greater use of maneuver and less costly frontal attacks; there should be greater control of fire power on targets rather than willy-nilly firing; more time is needed to organize local attacks; tired troops can be used but unorganized troops are vitually useless; a staff officer from each division should at least visit the battulions CPs so he kno,vs the exact terrain the battalion is fighting over liUld what its particular problems are; all our basic tactical doctrines are sound except th&t which declares that Tank Destroyers should seek and destroy (experience has proven that the TD units must get set in camoflauge and take enemy tanks by surprise); the logistical planning at the front seems satisfactory and there is ample supplies with tho exception of rocket gun iiUMilU.Ilition; many officers are not disciplined to comrJand and let troops get away with practices which they (the officers) know is wrong; our com.bat doctrine is sound but often it is not being employed, it 11 is being talked but not taught; 11 there is no lack of guts 011 the part of American soldiers even though there was timidity at first; there is too much general blasting pro­ ceedure by artillery and not enough concentration on known targets; there must be a be'l:;ter tie-in between artillery and infantI"'Ji we must learn to let soldiers and first aid I:'len take care of the wounded.and officers must concentrate on the operation on hand, not be diverted by concern for fallen officers or enlisted men; the infantry is still "the soul of the army11 and every other branch must do all it can to give support to the doughboy. Wilbur citea many incidents to illustrate his points. General Gruenther declares that more and more opportunities will come for Fifth Army officers to vi:sit the front. Twenty are to be attached to the British Eighth Army, five of them to come from this hea.dqunrters. Seventy five officers and 175 men fro� the I Armored Corps are going to the front to work with the II Armored Division. Officers from the Fifth Army are alco shuttling to the 18th Ar my Group battle school. After declaring that General Clark 11 iei desirous of getting as many of M,s officers and r.ten to the front as possible for battle training, 11 General Gkenther tells of the occupation of Gabes by Allied forces and concludes 0 we are now moving in for the final kill. 11 day. close to his villa all �·\i},i:: ....: ... 1 ,GRET'.· : . '.:_\i.�;i. 91 OUJDA, APRIL 1, 1943--G;,;.�\�1:!�F. ��� 1�f!!'!'spanish Morocco to JROet Lieutenant General Luis Orgaz, high. cor1r.1.issioner and con�.nder-in-chiof of all Spani3h ground-sea-air forces in the region, is buttoned up today. Completing the arrangements, General Clark has Lieutenant Colonel Olivares, Orgaz 1 liaison �n with General Nogues, and the Spanish consul in Oujda, the M�uis of Orellana, into his office for a conference with General Gruenthcr and himself. General Orgaz is going to meet General Clark at the intern�tional bridge northwest of Berkane. The party will then drive to Taouima where part of the Spanish Legion will be reviewed and whore General Orgaz will be luncheon host. Colonel Olivares explains to G�neral Clark the delicate situation between the French and Spanish. It oxist� because Spa.in has not recognized the French North African government that was born following the American-British landing. A3 a prelude to the trip, Colonel Howard, G-2, has prepared a. complete set of docu­ ment for ea.ch officer ma.king the trip. These include frank biographical sketches of the principal Spanish officers th.at General Clark will meet. Tho party will leave Fifth Arny headquarters a.t 9:15 AM tomorrow and T.\eet Orgaz at the border at 11 o 1 clock o Two French and two Brazilian officers will acconpany General Clark. Although he is still suffering from a bad head cold .md a sore throat, General Clark spends most of the day at his office. One of the papers that comes to his desk is an intelligence report that Orga.z pl.ms to bring two matters up during tomorrow's meeting: 1--ahipment of food and clothing to Spanish Morocco, and 2--the question of a. plebiscite on whether or not Oran should be part of Spanish Morocco following the war. Gonenl Clark plans to keep the meeting on a. strictly courtesy call basis. Things continue to go well for us at the front.· Advance units of tho Eighth Arrrry have moved through the Gabes corridor. The Axis is making a defensive stlilld north of the corridor. Apprmrlmately 60 kiloaeters separate the Eighth Aruy and tho United Stato3 1 II Corps. In the evening, General Clark has two of his officers--Colonele Markoe and Sulliva.n--in for dinner. * * * OUJDA-SPANISH MOROCCO-OUJDA, APRIL 2, 1943--General Clark becomes the first A�erican general to enter Spanish soil since the Americ:m landing in Horth Africa today as he makes a primarily diploma.tic call of Lieutenant Goneral Luis Orgaz Yoldi, High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of Spa.ni3h and native forces in Bpanish Morocco. The general 115 party is made up of the Fifth �rn,y Commander, Major General L Gruenther, Colonels Saltzman and Howard and Lieutenant B�ardwood of -the Fifth Arra.y Sta.ff; Brigadier General Hoaea and Captain Horta of Brazil, and Colonels GuillaJUe and Poydsnot, represonting Goneral Noguea. The two Spaniar�s leaving from Oujda with the party a.re Lieutenant Colonel Olivares and the Spani3h consul in Oujda, the Marquis of Orellana. The party hits the border between French and Spanish Morocco exactly at the rendezvous ti?!\e--11 AM. With motorcycle cuscort, General Clark's caravan of five automobiles cro!ses the sluggish, muddy MoulOJ,t:Ya river at the narrow International Bridge. General Orgaz and about 20 of his officers are waiting on the Spanish side of the bridge. Orga.z is aa1ort, fleohy man over whoiil General Clark towers at least a foot. J. �· :1�,·�·t,9,r,::,�f�E�-1-,. �,. ,. .. -. 1t1"::1r�. '.t �,.��IJ' ,;. . ;111?..J >;,, . : ; .\ ,:rH: =-. �;�fr.::.: E'il uols Brilisfi M03t SEC After meeting Gcner�l Orgaz and his officers, General Cl�rk 1 s first nove i.. to review a troop of mounted native troops. As the taJ.l American general and the short �panish g�ncral step side by side past the horsemen, a bugler plays a shrill call. Then the two genera.ls enter General Orgaz 1 car and start for Taouima, about 22 miles north. In the car, General Cl�rk presents Goneral Orgaz with an American carbine. The gun has a silver plate on it saying: 11 To Lieutenant General Luis Orgaz Yolid froi."l Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark.11 As the two general� ride through Spanish Jlforocco, they talk with Colonel Oliva.res acting as inttir­ preter. Spanish, Americ..n, li'rench and Brazilian off'icers ride in the following eight vehicles. General Cls.rk carefully notes the terrain as he rides along. The raad is paved a.nd, for the most piil't, two-way. It winds up a fairly wide valley bhrough almost barren countryside. This is definitely tank country. This, if the eventut.ility ca.mo, would be the C\'mntry through which American forces from o.-.stern Morocco and Western Algeria would move north through the eastern side of Spanish Morocco. Enroute to Taouima, the party passes two Spanish forts, botn very aged. Over them the yellow and red Spanish flag whips in a fresh breeze. In front of them, Spanish troops stand at present arms. The carav�n does not stop. At Taouiiu, the entourage turns into the post of the Spanish Legion. T r oops are lined up on the enb�nkment above the road, in front of the cluster of barr�cks and offices. Beside a large revieuing field, the particular regir.ient of the Spanish Legion that General Clark is to review is lined up for inspection. Getting out of their car, Gener&l.18 Orgaz and Clark, walking in knee dee,p weeds and wild flowers, pass before the stiffly-drawn up troops--first the infantry and lat�r so�e mule-dr�vm anti�aircr�ft and anti-tank. These weapons are of small bore and a bit ancient looking. As the party passes the flags, it salutes. In front of the big Spanish flag in the middle of the regi1nent, the Spanish officers salute thon bow. Gener-.1 Clark salutes. Vlhen the two generals have walked the 100 yurd long route and looked closely at the troops, the party returns to a :monUJ11.ent raised in honor of the Spanish Legion which did a great bulk of the fighting in the Spanish Civil War of 19J6-J9. The Legion suffered tremendous casualties. The smi-.11 oberlisk says: 11 7,665 killed; 28,931 wounded; 4,186 mutilc1.ted. 11 This, :s1.a.ys the inocription und�rneath 11 hc1.s been thti contribution of the Legion l:.o our national crusade••• 11 The officers tll salute the memorial. General Clark and General Orgaz then lead the party acrosn a field to the reviewing stand. Principal officers mount the �t.nd and other officials line up on thegfround to eith�r side. The troops that have just been reviewed fall into line and the review starts. The Legion walks with a peculiar fast and jerky stop, almost twice as fast a step as AmericQn infantry. These troops, made up of about 98 percent Spaniard and totally unlike tho French Foreign Legion which is �.ade up of foreigners, also �arch with their left arms swinging violently, the peak of the awing coming up to their foreheads. Just before each unit reaches the reviewing stand, the com."landillg officer yells: "Viva Espana•••Viva.." Then in shouting chorus the marching 11en shout back: 11 VivaL".Each company is preceded by eight soldierx who spin their guns in their hands and then, upon reaching the reviewing atand, hold them out a.t arl\ts le1igth in their left hands. Following the infantry, made up of young but seasoned soldiers, comes the hufo drawn guns. General Clark watches intently as the troops go by, 5tud7-ing the ec1uipment, the men. He is i.r.1.press�d by the discipline and the appearance of the 3en and tells General Orgaz. Following the review, Colonel Alberto Serrano Mont�ner, conw.�nder of this post of the Spanish Legion. Le�ving the reviewing stand, General Clark is presented to the regiment I 8 pris�tID'S • _; ,;�" Equals British MOST SECR�f �-'J: : : ':.�:.S.E ·.· .. ::.,,;',_:· .. ( ' 'iii;.� 'J�RET"� .. ":,·.·.,,; Equals BriHs�:.,, ..,. . ::/'.' i ., C/°i I ...:-iii 'i �f.iiH'.:;;::..!;�;ir¼:j, r ,uH•, '·. ,, The party then drives up on the buildirig•clus't�ied hill overlooking the par�de ground. To the east, about three milas away over salt marshP-:s, lies 11 Mnr Chica" and then the Mediterranean. General Orga.z leuds the officers to tha, 11ain offices and there a.ppetizer::i a.nd�eritifs are served. General Clark had hoped that a little wine might loosen Orgaz 1 tongue but the Spanish general does not drink. For the �ost part, the two generals speak in generalities. General Clark will be writing General Eisenhower tomorrow giving him his impressions of the visit. Following the �peritif's, the party goes to the most imposing building on the poat and there, in a room demo in Castilian architecture, Genoral Orgaz is host at a delicious luncheon. General Clark sits on General Orgaz right. On General Clark's right is General Juan Y:-.gue Blanco. General Yague is the actual cownander of ground forcez in Sp.mish Morocco. Two Spanish-English interpreters sit directly across the table. The other officers are seated around the outside of the u-shaped table. Following the meal, the party goes into a nearby room for liquers and coffee. After tho Spa.ni�h and Anerican officers have mingled, the officer� of the Legion arrive. A! each fflan comes to the door, he clicks his heels, looks at General Orgaz who is �eatod in the corner with General Clark, and gives the Fascist salute. During the duy, civilians who happen to be around when the party passes, either aflBot or in cars, give the same stiff, right-ar11 salutc Many of the officern whom General Clark �ects today are considered, according to Intelligence reports, pro-German. The exact politicul lemmings of Orgaz are vague. He is reputed to be a Monarchist •. He is credited with having taken so:rae action to curb the en.thusia�m of the Falangists in Morocco. He ap­ parently believes in the army before the party. He is undoubtedly capable of taking an extrenely independent lino, anci were he to do so he would probably securo the support of the builik mf the army in Morocco. It is difficult to say whether, or in what circumstances, he would, in fact, defy the home government. 0 ( The regimental officers rerui.in for about half an hour, mixing to some extent with the Allericans, Brazilians �nd French. Visible evidence cf the beating tho Legion took during the sanguine Spanish Civil War, almost every one of the officers has wound stripes--chcvrons on his left sleeve above the elbow. Some of the officers have as wa.ny as eight wound stripesl Thoy are a wiry, tough looking lot, small of stature and alert eyed. Shortly after the regimental officers leave--and they onco again click their heels and give the Fascist salute as they leave--General Orgaz leads the party outside. The Logion officers are lined up on the �teps. The party re-enters its cars and drive5 back to the border. Once �gain General Clark uses tho ride to re-check the terrain. Back at th• International Bridge, the n�tive horsemen are lined up agQ.in �d once more Generals Clark and Orgaz review the turbaned and gowned soldiers. Then the Generals say goodbye. Orgaz hopes to visit General Clark's headquarters in the future but such a visit will depends on many factors. Because of French-Spanish political rel..tionships, General Orgaz 11.ight have to coue into French Morocco 11 unofficially. 11 Tho only oth•r Aaorican attending today'o historic 11eeting is J. Rives Child3, charge d 1 a.ffairs at the U.S. Legatiov in Tangiers. The party has no sooner got back on French Moroccan soil than the motor caravan round� a corner and runs into about four companies of native Go'Ul'lls. Gener�l Clark gets out of his car and walks down tho rond past the colorful troops in their flowing robe:1, turbans ..nd s.J.ndals. They carry long rifles with SECRET 1 .,,/;� ,·· .. ;i :. . ..u,: • Equals Brili...h MOST SECRET r' �160 ( Eq thin, sharp bayonets. There is also �bout a phtoon of horsenen, mounted on wiry animals. After walking past·the troops, the General nounts the bank of a road cut and the Gouns march by. Each company wears a different colored turban so it can be distinguished from the others. R�aching headquarters at 6 PM, General Clark, after chocking his office, goes to his villa. In the evening he attends a farewell dinner at General Gruenther r s for Brigadier General �om.es of Brazil w..,o is starting his flight home tomorrow. The Braziliiill general has made a fine impression. Two days ago a Brazilian military mission arrived at Fifth Ar�y headquarters and the four officers--two air corps and tuo army--will remain in the North African theater for some tiiae. * * * OUJDA, �PRIL 3, 1943--Goneral Clark writes a long letter of review today to General Bisenhower and in it he covers a multitude of subjects, including his reactions to the trip to Spanish Morocco and future plans for the Fifth Army. Parts of the letter follow: Dear Ike: 11 Your letter of March 29th hars been received ••• I know )ow busy you are, so have not presoed you on the subject of your visit here, but please know how much we want you to cone and what a lift it will be to us to have you look over our cor.rr:iand set-up. "You will never know what it meant to 11e to have you tell me in your letter th�t 1 the day of the Fifth Arrzy is coming.' You need have no fear that we are not devoting eve�J ounce of our energy and every minute of our tiJao to developing a coJMJand organization which will be capable of oeeting any situation uhich you can present to us. "I appreciate your fe,•ling that we are diving :i.nto our job to the best of our ability, for we are doing just that. I h�ve been to our Mino Train­ ing Centor, and it is developing rapidly, and on its second group of stud­ Rents. I flev1 with Truscott last m,ek to the Fifth ArrJ.Y Invasion Training Center whtei-e I met with admirals Hewitt, Hall ..rid Connally. We are all in cor1plete cooperfa.tion and agrel'!ment as to method� to be purnued there. You nrust appreciate th&t I arn .in somewhat of a delicate situation with regards to tlri.3 invasion training; for not having the responsibility of execution of any part of this operation, I must giv.c to �ubordinate com· anders who do have this responsibility every opportunity to influence this training. I have done this, to the complete satisfaction of Truscott. In other words, vie make the facilitie:.. a.vailable, shot, them by der�onstration the variou� means that arc available for doing a cortain job and then let them soJ:ect the scheme of uaneuver for their mission. Incidentally, we .are not stopping when we land th(; troops on the beach, but are pursuing their da.y and night training to fit the• to complete th8ir mis3ion ashore. 11 I flew to Casablanca and visited the Replacement Depot there. I havo ta.ken m9n from my he�dquarters �nd plac�d them at oach of these replacement depots. We ...re in complet� coo�"$ration with tho baGcs, and no friction will develop due to this divided responsibility where I have the training and they have the admiristr..i.tion. I will fly to both of these depots again in tho inr:edit1.te futurti, in orden: to .:..gain see that tht: tridning of these replacements fo the type that will toughen the� and will make them cap�ble of taking their places in combat. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, February 26 - April 2, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from February 26 to April 2, 1943. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/826 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/4405beb5486b36e1d8a6d22afcffc2ec.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=tsK1n8jj0IAVmVT%7EjwB-y3Ntfh2ooehFVaidT-iANydo5cWnY92g%7EtCIzjKSH5fwGPLBUN4lFcvY-7kwONWejwDW40lrBScLO0FegOz57veVLMsH7hdH7jjg0TsAu1HJiKv-obKsa738yim%7Edgpewt6B14ZpgLssm8PZNIAXrUPVjn%7EPcfyEJQ1ME%7EIaIBSAHMjBGauEXuNnxR5W1pyUjbvtAnjQZaxL35cSspKSF-1pYVDJt5gJu-s09nCGi1a9mTyvDh9RshXhW7QHsU8T-Ugo2g%7E5rzE%7EGNdWXSbLumCkWLMefN0hFrrf2WzuWYMZL3qnncQxJf%7E3ua3nwqeGwg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d86e20c1005ea7b0d0b109f3f49a1c20 PDF Text Text s ~ This is Volume VI of the 1/ar Dirry of Lieutenrnt General r~rk W. ClPrk. Volume I, covering p0.riod 28 Jun~, 1942 to September 24, 1942; Volum~ II, Covcrin~ reriod 25 September 194? to 5 JanuPry 1943; Volume III, covering period 6 Jimun.ry 1943 to 6 Jun"? 1943; and Volume IV, covering period 7 June 1943 to ?9 AuRUst 1943, rre h~ld in safekeeping Pt the Army 1!ar College, ·foshi"1gton, D. C. VolUJ'le V, cover- ing period Augu~t 30, 1943 to December 31, 1943 is being held in safekeeping in the Commanding Genarn1 1 s safe �OFFICERS ' REST CErT-r:;R, SORRPiIITO--JMWARY 1, 1944--NErr YEAR 1S DAY--General ClPrk r,pent the day r>t the Officers I Rest Center. In the evcninp; he dined with some of his sta.ff officers who ,,,.r~ rre3ent . During thi"' dr_y, motor messengers brought dispPctches do m fron the GenerA.1 1 s commnnd rost, and he discussed various r1atters by telerhone with his Chief of StPff. AMong the day's messages ,.,ere n.n acknowledgment by General Clrirk of Gener:, 1 Leese I s greeting, besides th~ following rnessr:tges from Gencrnl Gruenther who " rs still in Afric;:i; Persnna.l for Clark fro,,, Gruenther . RN 22103 . "My guess js thPt SHINGLE v'ill be cancelled . Rooks and '""hiteley feel thrt Alexander is bf'dly off bflse in this instance ." Personal for Clark from Gruenth~r. RN 22104. "Informe.tion from AcimirP 1 Cunningham indicates nen.rly all LSTS must be released on Febru:c>ry ?nd at latest . Concert h~re is th"t force must land with suprlies for eight dRys with no dependence on re-supply by ,wter. No craft can be furnished for subsequent build-up. General 1'~isenhower has r sked Combined Chiefs to Pllovr 504th to remain for SHINGLE . 11 Personal for Clork from Gruenthcr . RN 22354. 11 Concensus here is thnt SH:It'(\LE should be cr-ncelled unless AleXPnder and Clark can show that there Tiill be no interference with ANVIL. I assume th:ot you now hPve telegrl"'m reference Seventh Army. Suggest you hnve Ga;:r or Harkins report to you immediately to explain status of Seventh Army staff . Part of stnff will start to a.rri ve here .!orldny. 11 Personal Clark to AloY..ander . RN 6037. "fosition regnrding ll"ndine craft nov: clear . It is understood 20 LST 1 s -.rill be released for Feb 5 convoy Pnd 13 more LST ' s 10 dr:iys lriter . J lanning is proceeding on allocation of 88 1ST I s (14 - 6 davit) , 60 LCT 1 s , 90 LOI (1) 's, 6 LSI (1) 1 s, 2 LSI (M) anc' 2 AGC 1 s. Urgently request additional 12 - 6 davit LST's of ?6 destined for er-irly departure TJ . K. be allotted for OperAtion SHrJGLE . Alterm1 te rlrin being prepPred using these additfonPl 12 - 6 daYit LST I s • 11 * * * CASERTA--JJ\.NUARY 2 , 1944--Gcneral Cl.Ark left ~ ,orrento Rt 1100 a.nd arrived at his command post two hours later . Shortly there11fter Generr•l Gruenther arrived from Algiers , and Generals Gruenther and Brann immediately met -•-i th General Clark to discuss the jnformRtion w'lined by General Gruenther in Algi11rs Pnd its effect on future operPtio:r1s . A great rector in this discussion WP :" a cable, R'J' 22218, received at General Clark's commPnd rost this morning PS 11n jnformation copy of n cable from FR'?.EJ"Xlf" to 15th l\rmy Group . This crble, conpletely to General Clark ' s surprise , radically altered the nunber of crpf't :;ivrilRblc for SH:f'TGLE and so limited the time when they 1"ere avrilr-ble PS to render re supply P..nd reinforcement of the SHIJJGLE force iT'lpossible . This c~'!._')le re:.=id as follows : "At the Tunis conference on 25 December it ''IPS P greed thrt SHIJJGLE could be undertal,:~n on the follo"dng basis: !,. Thrit nothing should be allowed to interfere vrith the target d[lte of OV'i:JlLORD or ANVIL. ]2 . ThPt the build- up . into Corsica should b"l safeguPrded . Q. Thero vms no riuestion of r1r>intenrnce of tr~ force over the beaches . ]2. There wes no question of A subsequent buildup of the initial force. �"The following are full details of l"nding craft r>vailability: s_. 1ST. At the Tunis conference it was decideo thnt 88 WP.S the T1.Rximwn thrt could be mP.de awiilable. Since then: (1) Doubt hrs arisen r>s to ,~hether 8 of these will not have to proceed to UK at once to enable the r8fitting progrP.m for OTIRLORD to be completed. (2) 3 fast LST heve been ordered to return from India, and it is hoped thr>t they will arrive jn time. Thus in the best case 91 LST will be avajlable e.nd in the worst case 80. In l'my crse, ho1'Tcver, you should not plnn on more than 95% of the avPilRble LST being service8ble at the time of the operation. 15 of the 1ST allotted are of the six-drwit type, and it appears proh-'lble tht>t this will be increased to 16, which is the mnximum possible. ]. LCT. 35 T'!a.rk V and 25 rhrk II, III or IV are expected to be available and serviceable. Q. LCI(l). A total of 90 are expected to be aveilable t1nd this figure Plip;ht be increPsed slightly. ]2. LSI(l) 6 and LSI(m) 2. "It r.mst be clearly understood thrt the LST scheduled for return to UK must be releA.sed no ln.ter tran 3 Februriry reg,.,rdless of 3HINGLE D day, P lso that 16 LST must be relen.sed no bter thr-n 3 Febru~ry to be b"ck on the Corsica run by 5 February re-gr.rdless of SIIPJGIE D d11y. Certnin otr"'lr LST must be released ir.imediately after the Pssault for ov"'lrhriul, Pnd vm AstimPte thP.t tr is ,•sj 11 leave you 6 serviceable LST for ell ms intennnce rurnoses in Italy ;,ftcr D./2. It is estimated thAt 24 serviceable LCT v:ill be rvailA.ble for all mainten:rnce purposes in Italy after D/2. 11 All above (1 P,Toup corrupt) concernin~ landing craft do not tPke into account 'battle losses from present time onwards. "It is emphasized thPt there must be a return to the ngremnents of the Tunis conference :md if acceptabl~ pl::>ns c::>nnot be drarn on thPt hrisis the GOCI!JC 15th Army Group must so stPte in orcl.er th::i.t the recoP1nendrition to ce.rry out SHPTGL.Ti: can be recons5 dered. n General Gruenther informP.d Gencrrl Clark thPt a Comr.iander-in-Chief 1 s conference nas now being held in Tunis cnncerning th9 mounting of SHINGLE ::>nd ANVIL; that General Alexander WAS there and vms discuss;ng the avAi]p'l:>ility of shipping with AdT'liral Cunningham. General Clr,rk, therefore, dispatched thn fol::!..oninr; cr-ible to G"lncrril ~lexander. RN 8281. "As I stated to yo1 l rhon you rere here several days a.t;o, I am enthusiastic over outlook for Operation 3HITTGLE provided thnt nece"'sary meAns are made available. Conditions proscribed in Fr~edom message ??2rn, requiring release of ell but six 1ST by "'ebru~ry 3rd, ..rill probt->hly rflsult in situ tion which 'l"'ill :make oy,ern.tion extremel;.r hnzarcous. I urgently request thnt you m11ke every effort to hold Adequate number of crP.:i"t for SF=:'JGLE 1mtiJ such time "'S success of the opere.tion is assured. 0 "Vlith the optimum number of LSTS which :vill be avn.ilr>ble the two jnf8ntry divisions ;vill lPnd vrith grel'ltl;r reduced vehicle strenr;ths. For exnmple, the British Division will have 1?00 vehicles le~s thrn assr,ult r-c,.los. Ancricrin Division and all attached surporti11g units both divi"'ions Hil1 be correspondingly reduced. Corps troops with acequatc trnnsr,ort and eriuipment will be prricticrilly nonexistent. 1 "Another unfrvorable fa~tor is thnt smPll number of Assault cr11ft will permit lPndin1; only five 4 nfantry h'lttnlions Enrl one ranger h1tt2lion assPult ~ �loaded. Reserve battA.lions w1.ll not be Pble to lrind in assnult crnft. It was for this reRson thnt I sent you ce.ble 6037 (quoted in yesterday's diary) asking thP.t l? PdditionPl LSTS with six davits be r1ade avnilRbL. The alternative is to use LCILS for the reserve units. The NElvy co'Ylsiders this on unsl'!tisfPctory method in view of lmown beach conditions, and I concur. In spite of these difficulties I have bi,en willing to 12.nd the corps At r(~duced str ,ngth on the assurription thRt ue ·aould be able to retain P reasonRble nunbcr of LSTS for resupply purposes and to trnnsport the necessary v~hicles needed by the ass:rn.lt forces. Freedom nessage 22218 hr.s ruled out thPt assumption. Minimum nunber of LSTS 1•rhich must be ret8inod is 20. Ten are needed for Rn indefinite period for re-supply purposes a.nd. ten for a reriod of t 1To ,,,eeJrs for tr'-"nsportc'ltion of vehicles. If lJo. vy Hill not remove loading lir1itRtion of 400 tons per LST P. total of 24 LSTS will be re0uired. 1 "rt is my conccptfon of Oporrtion 3HI1IGLE th;:it vre r-mst coun.t on "'.upplying by sea for P. minimum period of 15 days rind probebly longer. The 0xr,.,cted location of the Fifth Army 11hen SHIJGLE is lP.unched is such thA.t it is highly improbeble that the two forces rill be able to gain confo ct in less than, thet time. I intend att1=1c'k in. gre<>test rossible stren<rth in L-i.ri Valley severnl days in adwmce of SHT'.JGIB ~,fitr the object of draving r1axin.um mmbcr of enemy reserves to thPt .,.~ront iind fixing then therP-. In thrt vm.;r and in thPt way only CB.n the SHFJGLB Force exercise a decisive influence in the operPtion to carture Rome. 11 If r~y idea of the opern.tion is sound it is essentiol that ··,c make rrovision to re-surPly the force ?S indicrted above. rry estimntc of ?O LSTS makes no allonance f'or craft to rrovide a build-up although it :is quitr-; conceiwible thPt the ener-iy situntion mP.y mPke thl'lt <>ction necessary. "Present estirr£tte is th~.t D Day will be Jrmwiry 25, Although T Pm making ever:r effort to adv"ncc thet sevoral days." Gener.:>l ClR.rk felt th'1t he was genu:inely e1'1~er to engrige in SHH-TGLF:, to \ the point of' committing in it units -hich he rroulrl suhsequently hnve to utiJ.:ize in K~NIL, but thrt, in effect, a. pistol was being held Pt his head becruse he was told, totally t0 hj" SW'prise, thrt if he wns to engage in '3HINGLE it must be done '"ith inadequate craft, thet the craft ,..ould be ev<>ilable for only two de.ys after the l.nndini:; rnrl thPt no re-supr,ly or rr~inforcement thereafter i7ould be awiil2.ble. In effect, therefore, he WPS Psi:0d to land two divisions et a point where a junction vith the h=iln.nce of Fifth Army was impossible for e ) long period, thereby leavinr-; tho t,ro di visions :i.n question out on a very long limb. L r2 Later in the afternoon Generr:tl IfoCreery called on General Clar}!- Pnd discussed the f'uture operations of 10 Corps. He also spoke of P conversation he recently had had vdth the General Co·1m~n.ding the 5th British Division, "hich is About to become part of the Fifth Army, and in particular rbout thrt officer's comment concerning the caswltics of thrit Division. Gener'l.1 ncCreery ) was struck by the comparativ~ly trifling c.nsualties vrhich h...,rl been suffered and by the light chPracter of the fightinp; on the Eighth Army front which this / indfoated. The follovrjn~ cnblo was srmt to VI Corps rind the Fr~mch Exy-,"Jditiom1r;7 Corrs todr-i.y. rm 6051. 11 Effective 031200 JanuPry French r.:xpca~tionary Corps riill relieve VI Corps find CG, F~C wi11 assur::1c coriT1r-ind of present VI Corre sector n.nd �..5 responsibility for current ~ission of VI Corps. "Assignmr,nts rnd 'ltt::ichmrmts ncntioned in Fifth ~rmy letter, AG file 11 Troops rrssignrnents ,nd PttPclir1<>nts1t become effective 031200 J::,nuRry 19f+/h 322 .1-Y dated 2 J,r,.nunry 19M+, "'Ubj0ct 11 VI Corps ·vill reconnoiter the flre::i uest of I\VsRSA-HAILES rord 2n south of 10 Corns reAr boundrir;r for bivoun.c are;:-~ f'or Corr-~ CI' n.nrl Corps Troops. Areris selected will be clearoa ~i th G-3 Pnd G-4 this her'dqurrtors , ·ho will arrringe contact"' rith FBS ''Ih~re necessary. "Effective 040001A January, 3d Infrntry Jivision ,.,nd rtfrch d 441st AAA A'"l Bn rnd 601st TD Bn is ntto.ch~d VI Corps." * * CASTillTA--JANUl\RY 3, 1944--Gen"'rn l Clerk tod::,y confl"lrrod j n the morning concerninf, pmnin,:,- operAtiori.s with Gcm~r"l J:9yes, Gen0r"l Gruenthrr, GPner~l Brrinn nnd G~n9r::i_l L9mnitzer. Gent'lr~l Keyes r>nd Gener~l L'jrnnitzer st~y"'d for lunch. In the pfternoon G9nOr"l LuCPfl cnr,c rind r1 jccuased J.j_s rrorosGn rll"n for the rount. nP, of SHIITGLr.;. On Jrinm1 ry 1st, by Gen"'r:' 1 Pattnn =rs relieved) fron cor1mf'nd of the 3cve'1th ArT"ly, r>nr Gcn9r~1 C1,,rv:: "'PS r,l2c..,d in comm"nd of it, in arldition to his cor,"lnnd of t}1e Fifth Army. The di:' y "f11'm h0 ,,;ould lay do 11m c6mnc'nc1 of the Fifth Army was left to 0ir> cleterrrdn.,,tion. Fart of the Seventh Army PlPnning Staff vr:'s r>lreaily on the wr,ter on its "'A.Y to Alfti-rs <>nd the Chief of StRff, Seventh Army was on his w>y to confer vi th G ,neri= 1 Clrr1r. The Grin~rrl I s int,,ntion vras to send Gemr,r il Brann ir:1I1cdirtely to Alir' ers to take charf{e o+' the I'lo.nninr, Grour anrl rt n:r eArly <lat9 he rropos9d to set ur his Army HePJ'l.quartcrs in Itn ly, ro· sibly nt Salerno, derending uron b ce of mountini; and tr" inint:; for A'nfIL. It would be di f'f'5 cult for him to retain more them ri few li::(ly reorle from his rresent sbff, - tentPtivcly his four G's and bis Sip;ml Of'fj cer, rr~ th & fc ,r junior officers "no, of course, his Chfof of Staff. The nio11nti:>1a of ANVIL vmulc'I be mr-de by four American Jjvisions and five or six -'rench Divisions. The /1.nericP..n Divisions would l110k>" the initifll 0ssault, and the rench Divisions tb..,n come in. The GenerAl is seeking to get nn airborne division in arldition 11.nd is seeking nn a.ppropriate Air Commander . 0 At noon today GenerRl Lucas rcl:i.nquished comMand of the sector in ,•·hich VI Corps had been oper~ting, and Generel Juin 1 s CEF took over the com.~and of the 2nd Norocctm Division rind the 45th Division. The 7th R.T.n. of the 3rd AlgeriPn hRd already start0d thc relief of tho 179th Inf,-,ntr;'{. GenerPl Lucas, following a ceremonial relief by Gennr.11 Juin at Prata, caml'! to t:be confero.nce with GenerPl ClRrk ri ✓ ntfoned r-bove rinc1 tr"•n '7ent on to set up his new HePdquarters at f"addaloni. The Prmy Co"1mrmder received r- cable f'rom G0nernl Alexanrler, !RN, stPting that General Alexander trill arrive Cap()dichino at 1130 to"':lorrow r>nr' plP.ns to return to B::iri th0 samn Pftr:?rnoon, 11nd 1-rill hPV3 ffcrty of' four. The fol lo"ri ni:s excerpt is f'lade of Cosi tintrop Ll78 frori 15th Arrriy Group, �RN o . 848 : "Fifth P,rmy French ~x:reditionrry r:orps (FBC) CF open".ld Prata Hl614 at 031::>00A hours . Relieved VI Corps . CG FEC ass11mnd comrr,"nd rresent VI Corps Sector a!lo resron::::ibilH;r for current m.i'>sion 0f VI Corps . 3 Al!'.;erinn Div movement to 45 Div Ar~P continues . Relief of 179 Inf :in are& Fl4,?6 by 7 .Alger Inf started todey. 2 1 'oroc Djv. r;e,,,thnr li~jt~d operf!tions . Security patroll5_np;. 4 Div Sno'" ext,r-;rie cold "'nr' rurrg,,0 t11rrrin hl=impering r>dv<>nce 180 Inf Patrols located enemy in Acquafondola H05?6. Ene!'ly still holding at G9727 9725 . II Co1'J)s . 1/i.2 Inf security ratrols only. No contact TFA strong combP.t patrols to G9L,16 - g515 met hewvy enemy resistt:>nce . 1 Armel Div less Hq One Corbot Comnand relieved nttrichl"lent II Corps 020001A hours reverted to Fifth Army Control. Povinp; vicinity Aqul'llirmo 1'Jl357. X Corrs . 56 Div. 168 Bde to M8798 found enemy. I'r.trol to bridge M 8594 niade no contact . Army 'I'f'S. 3 US Div less 15 Inf' reverteo to /irmy Con+,rol ::>921401\ Decl"):riber now closed in Area 2 rTiles T-Torth of Pozzuoli NlOL.6 . ~i.fth Army cr>sualtiAs to 1 Jan. Ameri can killed 2673 wounded 11010 r1issinP, '3366 . British killed 1682 ~rounded 7112 missing 2884 . Fr -nch 1-::illed ?28 wounded 144g missing 89 . n: by Ari.ericnns 2g95 . British 1686. French 118 . 11 * * CASERTA --JA~-lU~RY 4, 19l+L:---This morning G'"'n""rRl Gl2rk l"P.cejv~d calls from Brigcdier G"mor11l Sr•;1bridge, G- 1, A'.'Iq , rnd Brigadier Genernl Arthur Hilson , Comm""nd:ing ,13s. Tith Gener[il Srivrbridge he oiscussed the transfer of certnin rersonnel from Fi.r>th Arrny to Seventh Arr1y a:111 also the riuestions ;:,risinp; out of' certP in Legion nf T<irit 8 .,,,rds . JIG took up vr>rious ~upply problems in his ciocussion with GAnPrPl il3on . Shortly b~fore noon J::,e held 11 mr-,etinP ~t th"" hut Pt which tb~ro "'ere present Generr>l Luca" , G,~ncrr-1 GruP.nthP.r , Ac1r,irel Lo'"rry, Captain Le...,ds , Generc>l Truscott , Genf:'lral Brr>.nn and vnrious st<iff officers . Ge-neral Cl,,,rk stAtcd thr-t he '.7PS e-,rpectin?, P visit "'roT'l Gon'"ral Alexo.nder j_n A few minutes "nd th"'t the pre3c-,it mr~etine hr-d been cRlled r-s ~ preliminnry to the w:iet5.np- with GAneral Alex;:,nder . T-fe r1entioned the :mrpri~c •ri th vrhich he hPd received the message from <\FHQ (mr 2?;::>18 , quoted jn the dir->ry of Jf!nunry ?nd) r,lacinrr l:i r-d to.tions on th8 "mount of crest 11 VPilP bl': for SHINGLE and on the tir,e ,rhen the crPft ' ere awil,,ble could b"; US"'}c1 , Pnd stc t8d th['t under tho c0nditions of this messe.ee re-SUT'Pl:V r>nd rei f'orcerl\ent vras imross:ible . After 1 sone a; sc;1ssion of v::irious c et:clilP , the G~ner"l 1mr,1T'l11rizcd his nosition '"'S follows: "'"19 are supposed to go ur tbere , r1 ump t•."o di visions P shore '<ri th V.'hrt corps troops we C<'.n s~t ~ n, with r1 n indeterr1j na to nunber of craft without re suprly or reinforccT1cnt, and 1"[\i t for the rest cf the Arm:r to ;join up . n He then adned , 11 I am trying to find wPys to do it , not -rpys in which "''e con not do it . I ari convinced that -re r> re r;oing to do it, P n,1 thn t it -i s going to be a success . n The P s ser:ibled o:f'fj cers left uron the r rri vr l of G0nern 1 Alex~11.der , ,·,ho cemc with I"ajor G~nr:rR.l Rich.i:;rc'lson :::>nd Lt. Gen . HPrcl:i ng. Gen°rPl Robr:,rtson also came , a.nd these officers , ·rith Gencrl"l Grur.;nth,r E>nd G")nerrl Brnnn, discussed operntion rmI:TGLE . 1 General Cll"rk statPd to (km~rnl J\lexP.nder thl'lt th"} messae;e RN 2;)218, had corie P s r' cor,plete ourpri se n11d shoc1· to him, as no pr~vi ou'"> suggestion from General Ale7ander had rdnted at the linitrtions of riv,ilnb1e shipping ~1hich this nessage imposed . Gencr::i.l Clnr}r stnterl to General /\.lexrmder 1 s surprise / �thPt he , General Clark, had l'.11o"rn for three '"eeks th"t he hNl b0en selected to cormFind 11 1 1VIL and new~rthcles-:: , ,lesrite J,-,is nrtur2l interest jn conserving force for thrt blow , he r<1d "c'lnt.busiristjcnll:r ,nter d into C-:HI'mLF. rlP.nning and hPd nronosed to nut his 1JI Corps staff "nd .bis 3rd Infrntry Division , t",o of his fin~st rin;J T"!~st useful orgr>nizatio·'ls , ~ :nto the SVPTGI:~ Operl'ltior, ,=hicr 'WS one of c0ns::.dereble hazard in ,·:hich t.beir usefulness f'or .11.TIVIL nip;ht be considerably iripnircd . Gener;il Cl['rk furtblr ,tr>ted to Gennr"l AlexPnder thet he W"'S fully deter:riined on p-oi>-1g into jHr'GLE end puttinr, fortl1 evcr-::,r effort to rna1,:e it n. success , but it could not be done nitl1out tro cr;of't, originally Agreed on . Gen"rnl Almmnr1er then unrlertook to drn'·' r c.--ble to the Fril"le f'inister exnlE1inin1:,- tho. rer.Jnisites of srirr:inr.; for the successful confuct of r.;IUNGLE and had a difficult tin<:'! vi th the fr cts "nd figures unt:i. l G"!n<lrf' 1 Clnr], "'Ufplied him .,j th P copy of' cnble P.H 8?81 of Jl'lnw ry ?nd (quoted in thcit dey ' n diriry) ~•rhich General Ale-v:r-inder hRd hrc1 for tno dP;TS . GenerP l t lext1nrl~r , r0c0gnizing th,.,t all th0 n9cessrry datr. wa" contain,.,cl in Gen0rril Cli=irk 1 s c11ble , c'lrew a cab] e o,.. his m;ri tr, the Prime r~inister ndortinr; the subst1mce of' Gnnerfl l mm cable . lo ,l 0 1 (J G C Gr-meral ClE<r1'- tcld Generrl Alemnrler th::-t he rroposed to continue plflnning for 3HI rm,s onrl , cs 8 rossih1e c lternntiv8, 1rP.cp in riinrl r shorter ~nd run just north of Gaete Ioint to be pi<:rforned with one djvision only. However , G0nerr-il Cl..,rk further strted thrt in his estiMPtion :lt "TPS thP- ('unction of G<>n,,rrl Alexander to determine v;hother the number of Gern;:in Divisions prepPred to oppose tr1e lrirdinR; in 3HHTGLB ',ms too grer>t to per>"~-t r succcss,,.ul or'"rr tion Pnd that hr-i , G<>ner8l ClnrJ:, dic1 not rropose to rrirc-~ this question ::,ny further . He poj.nted out to GrmerRl Alexander thrt he understooc" thc-t the '.)qth P;inzer Gr0nr> dier Regj ment hPd just be(m noV!3d by the German cor,mand from the Fifth Army front to a position near Rome , •7hich n,dded rll.oth~r division to those in rosition to oprose the opr,ratfon under discussion. G"!n9rnl AlexrindP-r anc'l the throe officers riccomrnnying hin then left the cor.in;ind post by cub for Crpodi.chino airport nnd returnod by plP..ne to B2ri. / \ GencrPl Cle.rk ,,.elt thPt l't tho :nr:ietinr with the Prime I'fj nistqr in Tunis on Christnas D;:iy -·hen Gnneral Eisenhormr , Gener11l Alexander anc'l others \7ere I present , the Trime f'in:: ster had been :Lnrpircd --Ji th a desire to CPfture Rorie and bad determj ned thr>t 'HI'TGLS v;ould ta ·e plrice , Pnd GeniJra 1 Sisenho·· er "nd G0ne - 1 rel Alexand0r , ·ritrout detn:tled l:nomledge of the rro½l9l7!S involver , had r-greed / to it . n'1fortunrtely, in General Clrirk 1 s estimation, none of those rrho thus lip;ht hcartedly de c id.ed on tho SH:nTGLE Operation understood the detPils of shippj_ng end of loar'linf'" nl'"Jcessary to rut rshore the requisite .,,.orce 2nd nri"ntain it when once Pshore . The Genornl felt thrt G0n,,ral Alexnnder, even ,oft0r re ceiving GnnerPl ClPrk ' s 7JT 8?81, still did not n.rrr0.cirte the re,1uisites f'or a successful oper:=i,tion auch as SPIJ-TGL'"' , Pnd h11 had been hamper0d rt a Comm~:inder in- Chief 1 s con:'ercnce ulth Admiral Clmn:inp.;hPm on Janur>ry 0 nd by this lr>ck of informRtion. Gener8,l ClBrk felt thr-t ,•rhcn Gen(1r;:a 1 ft lexnnder hPd b0tm br,clly dis.s.prointed 1 at not gettinP' the 1•"'n.iterrPnean CoJ11Jnand , vice Grmer, 1 EisenhoT'T(')r , Pnd at not being selected to fo l low G'.mcr a l ~isenho"er to UK for a. comriand there , the Frir,e Hinistcr had ->ttcmpted to sr,othe his feelings by p,-j ving h:i.m the high s01mding ,,mt somevrhat empty title of Cor:imnnr1er- in- Chicf , Itrly, Bnd b;v ~iving him Lt. Gr:m . Harc1 ing as his Chief of :3taff , to G0neral Harding ' " oiseppoint ment cs he hrd hopcn to cor~111and his Corps jn OVT'JtLo-qn . ~lith tJ-,'3se other conc essions , the Prime r'inister kd 2lso , in Gener al Cbrk ' s estil"lr-tion, given l �General Alexn.nder P'"rmission to riount Ororntion ~HI TGLE vrithout proper consideration of the f,,ctors imrolvnd in the or'"rf1tion. The r,ritter 1c'as rendered more coJTJplex hy th~ fRct tr.Pst the crr-"t of ·7J-•:Ich the FriMe ' 1inister -r:1 s disposinr, "ere in large rrJeasure American ere ,...t And r>ot subj net to his control. _,, This evening P now phr,sc of the Fi th Army attn k "ms jnstitut'3d nhen the 3/+th Division, the Speci"ll Service Force rn~ th(') t)th ~rmorr:id Division pushed forvm.rrl. By thA close of the d<>y our troops ·;ere in S<Jn Vittore nhere street fi~hting hed occurred. Some -.,iw,nces hrd been r1c-ide on the M gh gr01md to the northeast. General Clark today rlispatchnd the follo 1'linr cr)blc to crrc, JFH'.}. RN R37?. 11 1. Decision by r,L I'130 precludes the loacing of cr.>rgo sJ-,ipr.ing at Fantaloon "or Operation SHil GI.E e:rcert for fPrt of shirrfog to :'3.ccorn.p.?ny assault convoy. This ruling nn.de because loading of ar'ditional shippi11.g would interfere rith rlrmned incorrtng tonnPr;es throui::h fort of f rnt.<:iloon. ?. Contemplate loading 4 fjtt~d Libcrtfos v7ith British Pnd Am~ricrm Ground Force Stores r,ric. 1 Cor-:ister .,..d.th Air Force supplies rt Fnntnloon because of the selective loading required anc because of non-avPilBbility of certain supplies in !forth Africa. 11 3. 'ill require 8 Fitted Liberty Ships eAch to he sprerirl loaded TTith BritisJ:, and Americn.n Ground Force supplies l'lnd ? Co9sters to be lof-1.ded with Air Force supplies in P 1forth A""ricPn Port or Forts cesignated by you. Am pr':lparecl to. Sl'!nd rGpresl'mtr,tjves ..,ith reriuisitions to 30S IJATCUSA and AFRQ (British And TQI"'s to fort or I-orts of lonning. 11 "Li-. It is required th-it four fitt"d Liberties rncl 1 CoPster loaded in North Africa a.rrive Pantaloon not later than ?3 Janwry and the brilanc" of 4 Liberties and l Coaster to arrive Pentaloon not ln.ter thnn 1 Febru,.,ry. 5. Request thA.t the Liberty 8hi:rs anr Corister be Ylomin..-ted n_nd port or rorts of loadh1g be designrited. forts selected f1ust be carabl•~ of lo::iding British rnc American supplies on the sr>me ship. Also re~uest deadline drtes for arrival in North Africa of reriuisitio11.s rnd representPtives. 11 11 6. New subject: Rerpv~st eXPrrdn1:1tion of Pdequ"'CY of stocks to be loaded on above shipping in t,rorth Africa for brilance supplying for ?O dAys of 1 Am1-,ricn.n , nd 1 Britisl Division uith supporti.n~ troops Fith particulr>r ref19rence to 0 ammunition of following calibe rs: British TyJ)es 5~ 511 G,m, 4. 5 Gun, ?; po1.L.'1der, l '7 pounder, 25 pounder, 3 11 nortar. Arnericr>n Types: 75 mm Gun 3'1 Gun 105mm Tfovri tzer, ft-2 155mm irowitzer, fi'-1 155mm G,m, M-1 57mm i\nti-t~ink Gun L~. 2 11 r 7ortn.r 11 �9 CASERTA--,TATTTTARY 5, 194L~--GeMr<>l Clnr 1{ re!7lainl')d at his cori:'lanrl post throughout th'-' day, stuc'vinrr, rlans for Opelr"tio11 s SHriGLE nnd A'TTJIL. ,7ork-i'1IT to fi.nd the nece"'sarv nunb~r of cr:i.ft for Operr>tion "HrrGIE, Gener:--1 Alexander sent a radio messaP"l'l to Gl'!nP.ral Clrrv, IHI 533 , telling h"m th"t he i"' pressing Trime T-'inister Churchill (By prl'l-errRnr;ement, the lril'1~ T~inister wes referred to :in this e.nd subse1mmt messr>ges as "Colon.el \r:=trdcn") very hPrd to get ur the necessary craft wanted for the expedition, and Us maintenrince . Gener,, 1 Alex::inder in-l"ormed Genernl r:lark thrt he hri.d suggestr-d r,oin~ by air to see the Prime l~inister Pnd asked thl'lt Genernl Clrrk be reridv to s~nd nn 8dequ.-.,te small st11ff , both i:\rmy and N11vy , armec1 with full plrin Rnd lording tabl.-,s in simple form so they can be expl11.ined to I'r. Churchill. During the nfternoon Gnnerr>l Alexander rgrin rt">dioed Generrsl C1Frk, R~r n. t'.'Jlegrrim -l"rom rrirne '1inister Churchill 1hicr indicates that .re r,r,y get thl"l crr.r-t re quired . He c sked Gener£1l Clark to nle?s~ continu~ to plan Opcrfl.tion "FJ"GLE on th·~ nss,;mption throt r full amount of craft uill b~ avn.ila½l" • He ask~d Gener'"'l Clnrk to fly his spec:ial, small SHrTGLE staff to r'Rrrrikech, rhere "Colonel V iard.en" is now staying . General Clark then issu~d instructio.,,.s to his Chief of St, ff to hPV" a smP 11 group of o-"f~_cers alerted for t,~e journe;r. A rrelin5n,"'ry discussion by the staff with Gener 1 Alexandor will be held Janu'c'ry 7th in 'arrakech, e.nd then the ma:in conference vith the Prime t'inister ,!!ill be held the following day. :'A/9~6, telling him thnt he had rccei ved 0 In A.nswer to GcnerRl C1Pr1,. 1 s cable of yest~rda.y, //8372 (quoted in yesterday ' s diPry) , l\."'FT:1 todn;r instructed FLf I"BO R ,J 23997 , to fly to Algiers immediate ly a r-"presentriti ve ,,,1.tr r8quic;i tion.s for th8 r.:ooo s of both ground 1'1.nd air, British anrl American, needed to lrn:>c1 the 8 Liberty ships rind the 2 Consters in North AfricPn ports . ',pott-in.p: P"ld loading 'ere to connence at once, Pnd officers · 1ere to be sent to arl.vise on loadj -rig methods . Anoth~r cr>bl0 receiv:~d f'rol"! Ali;iers, R'J 23999 , in reference to GenerPl ClPrk 's ;18372, Psks an urgent reply from 15th Army Group PS to vrhethAr or not the Comrnn:ider of the 8th A··phibious Force (Admiral Lorrry) h2.s Rgrecd to trike cars::;o ships in on the assault or if they nre to be in t}·e iIDI'lcdiPte follo :-up. Gcnerril r.ruenthr,r indic,,t0d on a notJ on tris messaw~ thr-t the Connrin er of the 8th Ar1phihious Force 1111d ~greed to ta. 1re the shirs in on the nsseult . 0 In the evenine n~nerRl ClPrk ha.cl rs his dj n•1er rue st r:iss Pnrge.ret Bourke White, the f'n.mous woman photogrApher . She h~ s 1),->,en t:oJ,:ine pictm·es for LIFE r~agazine along the Fifth .Arn;r front . She discussed her imrressions of fight inp; j n the Fj_fth Army sector ancl sr·id tkt sre, , rbo hPd been r-in eXDornmt of the tough life of the Air Corp'"' , h2rl learned from watch:i n1 vround troors how really tough war can be . General Levd s was nlso £J P,Uest . Other important messo.ges of the da7 ,·ere as follo.,s: For General Alexander ' s (')yes only from Clr>rk . R 1J 6203 . 11 A group of two Army Rnd one NavPl officer has been set up to accompany you to see Colonel Wardrm. I trust thnt the mettAr ,n1 be settl~d firmly within next 4g hours . 11 To crrc from Cln.r}'- reference your 23499 BIGOT . RH l:,215 . 11 Airborne divi·sions should b<3 orr;anized with three rarachute regir,~ntc1l combet terns 1rnd no glider reginent . Irt vievr of nrture of Oneration MI'TIL, I con ·ider it essential that airborne division l'.!ontain some battle-trained airborne el..,'1lent"' , 13.nd I �l() again urgentl y recomri~nd th<1.t 50/..th RCT remr in here to c onstitute nucl"'us a.round which to build new airborne combnt terns to be brought f'rom United Stnte'"' . Your directive to rne for Operntion AFVIL indic2tes two airborne RCTs will be rvailablP- in addition to four TJ . S . infantry divisions . I am count ing on four infr>ntry di visions . If I am forced to choose betvmen the fourt h infantry division and an s.irborne division , I definitely VTPnt the infnntry division . In that event :tt would be inperative thrit the 504th RCT be re t ained here "-l.nd th, t rt least one additionr.l prrachut e RCT be brought from United St ates ." 11 * * * CASERTA --JANUA.RY 6, 1944-- This morning at 0900 Genr--ral Clr>r], c111led e moet ing of officers prelirriinrry to the cl eparture of the Sm" 11 str ff wi..ich vm s to discuss 3HHTGLE with Generr,l Alexa.nc1er nnd Col onel Vhro.en . The meeting was held at the G~ner1:il 1 s conference hut , and thP,re "ere present , be'3:ides Genernl Clark, General Gruenth~r , Admirnl Lowry , Gcnerr>.l Luc3s , Genera l Brann, Cay,t ain Lewis , TTSTJ, Colonel T;,te , Col onel Hill , Col onel 11illiPms Pnd Lt . Col. O' Neill. GenerR l Glark told tJ-,e o"'ficers thrt when Gemral Alexander vms present he , (}enernl Clar1-::, had insi sted thPt he needed a l'linimum of ?.L. LSTS aft er t he Assault , 14 for n.n indefinite per; od 1rnc1 10 for rit least 15 days . These ·!ere needed for ri build- up in troors and r1nteriel. En snio that +.he o"'ficers who wer e 1soin~ to the conf'erence must stick to their figu:t' As in the conference ''Ti th the Fd.me i':inister r>1c'1 not be ca jolcd · into retrenting "rom them, as the de c ision must he ,.,rrived rt bn.sed on the a ctual meds . The GcnerPl said thrit the Fresident Pnd the Combined Chiefs of Staff ,·,ere hcsitPnt to t~ke any ster Til~foh M:i f:;ht i rip~ril A~ IL and OVER LORD , v1hile the I-rime l!inister felt t hnt it vas c1 es:i.rPble to toke Rome at almost any c ost . GenerPl Clark: rereatea thPt it wAs r'lso necessary to appraj_s" the i:memy situ.,ntion at the b.st no!'l'mt to detArmine -rhether enemy build- up was too large to be overcome . Admiral Lowry stA.t~,:i th;:it the necessary cr:1f't, for SITIITGLE must start at once :for this area - that it .,..rould be impos3:ible to \"'ait +'or Fl conference on the ,qth 7lith Col onel 'larden , a de c ision on tl e 10th rnc'l then stPrt the craft . Gcnf'!rP l Clnr'l{: str>ted thr>t th0re nust be n T::iv['l of-f'ic~r ct the conference , and Admiral Lowry stated thA.t CPptain Le"1is was needed hero for planni nr; ,·,ork. I-T owr'v'3r , it was decided that Ce.ptR fo Le'7i 'J could go to Algi P-rs , trlk over the situntio11 ,·rith Capt-in Olds , of /\.dmiral rr~,~itt 1 s stPff , and Captain Olds could then ~o on to the c0n:"'er'1nce nnri exple in th,q situr tion , while Captain Lewis return9d to Feedqunrters Fifth Army. 0 Colonel Tate reported th:=•t the rroblem of loadinr; Liberty shirs ve_s well in hand . Generel ClRrk then asked Lt . Col. O' Neill whrt his ri:nswer vrould be if he ,,,ere asked why ~4 LCT3 would not do as Fell as LSTS for re- supply. Co l onel O' Neill j mmedfo.tely saF thrit t1'e Pnmvcr "ould be that rn 1ST rnuld hold 36 trucks and an LCT ·rould hold 8 , a11d Goncrr l ClPrk r~minded him ag"in t het tr~ fnctors of weather , spel"d rn,.d turnrround of th~ different vessels were also important . Genernl Cl..,rk rcrent<;d th!'t the o"ficers v1'o go to the con:ference should mrike it vorv cler-r thrit uithout th"l 24 LSTS thP, oper2tion was not feasible; thPt Fore it frrrossibl'-' to rrocure them , 1-ic could try the landing just north of Griet::i Tith one division , if his staff found i t ro"'sible . �l\ Colonel Tate then cor;1mented on the fr,ct thrt the roRr1 net to Gaeta was hazardous , as it could be easily blocked by demolitions . As the General ' s plri_ne , piloted hy Captain 0 1 Neill , was waiting at Capo dichino to take off Ht 1100, the conference broke up shortly rifter 1000 , and Captain Lewis , Colonels Hil l and WilliPms and Lt . Col . O' Neill , who were the Fifth Army representatives , left for Capodichino and North A.fr ice. . GEmeral Clark spent the rest of the dEJY studying preliminary drafts of plans for SHINGLE and f ~TVIL . In the evening General Olrrk entertained Pt dinner Colonel Mickelwait , Co l onel l,jndner , Colonel Saltzman and Lt . Col. Porter . At about 2200 G- 3 reported thrit a II Corps message rmnounced th1=1t tho vill<>ge of Srm Vittore had been cleared of the enemy. The following j mportr•nt messages vrere received rincl dispatcht")d today: Person8l for Clark from Alexander . RN MA./973 . "I hPve received follow ing sign;::il from Chief of Combined Operations . ' try directive a.s CCO includes the study of the tactic.?l rnd technicGl prohlmris of amphibious opertions Find advice to the Chiefs of St aff . This cPnnot be done from 1:ifhi tehall Pnd re quires my stAff to keep in dir e ct touch with operat:i.ons . Therefore wbile realizing thrt spe ctators are usually a nuis11nce , I rr9quest your 8pprow:s 1 for Co l onel Langley and Commander Scott Miller of COE!'.~ to ,',itness operetion SHil'TGLE , including fina l rehearsals if possible in SNOL or HQ ships . Gener a l Yiil son has aprroved this request. If you concur request joining instructions . They wo11ld of course be avnil,.,bl e for nny duties you nm.y require . 1 I hA.ve ccmcurred Pnd ~ nstruct,~d these represente.tives to report direct to you . 11 Patton t o Clark. RN 822 . trif agreeabh t o you , desire visit your Head quarters Prrivinp; Pt Capodichino airport 1000 SRturday, Jan11c-iry 8 . 11 Per sonal to Patton from Clark. RH 8482 . "Delighted to see you S:1turday. Car will meet you a t time P.nd plac e specified . 11 Gruenther from Hill . RN 2/+899. "After talk with Rooks and Lenis , best estima.te SHP1GLE i s off as additional IBTS are not available . tr * * * CASERTA--JANUARY 7 , 1944--The situation alo_ g the front , particularly in the n area between Highway //6 and I?ilignano continu3d to go well today, with cle ments of the Special Service Force occupying t'tount Majo , one of their principal objectives . Dbvm by Highway //:6 the 135th Infantry Regiment of the 36th Division continued to move forwarc'l t,,.,yond San Vittoro, and the Fifth Army now holds the crest and tbe south and en.stern slopes of Mount PorchiP , one of the principal land blisters l ying in the Liri Velley just south of Cassino . The fighting continu"ld to be extr emely bitter , P.nd the Germ"'m:1 Aro put ting up exceptionP lly stiff resist ance . The Gerrnens countcr-Att Pcked Porchia last night , us i ng artillery and nort2.r fire , but the Attack failed . A drive hris also been started for r~o1-mt Chiaia , north of San Vittore , And it has progressed well despit e heavy machin('J gun and rifle fire from the slopes of this vita.l �hill. In generrl, curing the pst two dry::i, hePvy losses hrive been jnflicted on the enemy, P..nd nPny prisoners hPve boen t.,.,ken. Mount Chiaia shoulrl fall to us tomorrow. GPncrrl Cbrk received ,,err,_ early tr·:is 1orninp; th·· t Lt. Gen. G:-,orge latton, former Cor1mnnn.er of the 3ev"nth Army, would visit him tomorrow. Generals Clark and Patton nill discuss Sev-:inth Army IIeri.dquPrt".'lro ersonriel. G··m~ral FarI'!on, Commander of the 1st Arr,or"d 1Jivision, conferrer during tbe dn.y with Generr>l Clrirk concern::ine po,-;sible enrloyr,..,nt of armored forces in the progress of the Fifth Arny attack up Route '/6. Some arnored elements A.re already fighting in the San Vittore, '.cunt Iorchia, flaunt Ch:i.aia region and as 17e progress farthP.r up tbe Liri Valley, there "Till be r: chance to use some armor, but this j_s cerendent, to some e:rt~nt, upon th1; vreath~r. TJnlcss we h ... ve a long dry p•iriod, and sun a11d wind to dry 0 11t the muddy f'ields, the use of tanks will be restrict ,d since th~ir r,ovemcnt will be con: inecl to roads. General HBrmon told General Cb.rlr th11t he was most eager to commit as much of the 1st Armored as possible into combat. The 6th Armored Inf'antry Regiment is Already fightino-, but the tank groups have not been cbl~, As yet, to go into full STTing. The speciel VI Corps Plannin~ Group, under Gen~r"l Lu,~t>s, is ~oinr, ahead with detrils of Operation '3HITTGLE. The Fifth Army group thrt Generril Clrrk sent back to f, fric1:1 so jt could pnrticipete in discussions with Gener11l Alexander, th"n v1ith rririe Yj_nister Churchill, T•ras due in Marrakech this r:iorning. General Clerk is eagerly avaiting word from this group as to "hether or not the necessary number of lA.nding crR-ft vdl1 be availPblc. Genl"lral Cl11rk reccivl')d todav a rlirective to the Naval CoF1mander of Operation SHIFGLE. It names Admiral F. J. Lowry e.s the 'Tavril Corn1'1ander of t:bc SHINGLE Task Force. As his mHin dinner P,Ul':'!st GenerP.1 Cbrlr had Colonel SullivPn, Army nuarternaster, vrho is celebrating his 50th birthd1:1y. Alto8ethcr the Generr-il had seven guests. General Cl<irk dispatched the follm1ing Cflbl<J to Generr,l Alexander tocl8y. R°t\J 6?67. 11 As part of main land attack by Fifth Army, 10 Corps wi 11 cross Ggrigliano on 17 ,Tenuary, s~cure Uinturno area and attA.ck north toward S Giorgio nith h!O rlivisions. Important T'ert of Uis plan is smrill amrhibious operation to carturc area Ponte Scauri (rnl,.94) with three Corimrndos Pnrl to secure beachhead just north of Garigliano ·7ith infHntry force. Tan}::s And supporting erris will, if practicA.ble, be l,:,nded on this bench same night. me val bonbPrdrncnt will be required. "Frovisional estimate of craft a.fter ex11P1ir>.Ption of operation with FO'HT is tvo LSI (1:1) tvumty LOTS and thr~e LSTS with six dr-ivits. If Oreration SI"DJGLE takes place it ,·rill not be practicrble to P.llot more thnn three or four LOTS to the Scauri operfltion. However, it is desirable that detailed rlnnning be ini tinted so that plan may be executed on short notice in event SHINGLE should be cancelled. "Request you errange v:i. th c:n,JC nl'!ed for allotnent of necessary crPft 11.nd bomb<i.rding force both to be avrile,ble until end of Jrnu;:,ry in case of' bad weather. Full requircnents of croft and bnmbarding force vrill be sent by FO~'iIT �after detailed planning completed. F \iIT concurs in this message. Planning for Operation SHTHGI.E progressinp; well. operation will not interfere with SFPIGLE. 11 11 * * F lPnning for Scauri * CASERTA--JAi:TTJt\.RY 8, 19/+4--0p~ration 3HINGT.E is onl This word wris received this morning from r~arrakech. At least ?.5 LSTS will be avr ilr:lble for the follow-up, thus assuring an opporbmit:,r -"or re-supply and the bringing in of supporting corps troops. The '"10rd fron Parrakech alno in.eluded a declPration that January 20th is the target drtte thrt I rime f,'.inister Churchill desires. General Patton visitAd Gcnernl Cl,,rk this morning and cliscussed with General Clark the division of Fifth Army and Seventh Army staffs. General Patton declAred that his Seventh Army staff vm.s a fine one, and he gave G!'lnerPl Clar1':: a number of documents sho7inr; that h~ had recomnended a lArge number of his off:i.cers for proP1otion to generP 1 o-rficers. General Patton nsked GenerP.1 CJ.Ji.rk ;·1hat ho thour;ht h'"!, Gonernl Fatton, wa.s going to be arsi(?led to do in the future. Genern.l Cl11rk replied thet Genl"1rn.l Fat ton, in General Clark's estimn.tion, 1·ras going to corune.nd a fol] owup Army in OYSRLORD. Gen~ral Fatton said tb..,t thrt was a poor cornm1md for an officer of his experi.ence, but thnt if he did not p;nt sorne Army comrn.rmd he intended to resign. Genoral C:lark loaned Gemerr 1 fat ton his CP.r, and th9 former Seventh \rmy Comr1ander visited II Corps HeadquPrters anrl. the +>ront in the II Corps region durin~ the afternoon. General Cl,,rk also conferren toc1 a;)' uith G'3nerals Gruonther, Brann and Ca+'fey concerning General Caffey 1 s becoming G-3 of the Fifth Army, relieving General Brann so that he could begin work in Al1;iers on Operation ANVIL. Genern.l Caffey has already mov~d to Fifth A.rmy Headqu;-,rters r-md is world11g ...,.i th the G-3 Section. Generrrl House hiter joined thA conference rcgrrrdin~ Caffey 1 s assumption as head of' the G-3 Section. ,Just prior to the arrivr>l of General Fritton, Gen0rPl Clrr1r niscussed wjth General Lucns the new phases concern-ing Orerntion '"'.JIPTGLE. The Specirl flnY1.ning Group at Fifth f rmy near is no~, wor1.ring night ann dn7 to rcrfr"Jct rlans for the amrhibious end run just south of 11.ome. · Anoth1'3r visitor clnring th'9 day ,·as Bri@.d:ier Genernl Theodore Roosevelt who was called in by General Clnrk to r1 iscuss the innbility to obtri.in certain supplies, includinz lumber Pnd overshoes, :"'or French troops. The following T11essa~e WflS received this morning -"ro,IJ Colonel Fill. RN. SCC 602. "Shinr,le is on. At least 25 LSTS will be r:1vr:i~ lf'ble for follow-up. Prime f~jnister desires JRnlli"ry 20 P.s target d2tc.n Late in the evening G~nerrl Clnr1r drove his Buicv, v,ith Lt. Col. Suthr;rl~nd, to Sorrento "rhere he spent the night. �CAS~RTA--JANUARY 9 , 1944--General Cltirk left f.)orr~nto P.nd drovo his Buick himself back to his cor,rrv:anrl rost . He had lu'1ch dth Gen'.'lrRl Grurmthor , nd discussed with him the progress being r,ride in the prepflrfltions for SHINGLE . Immediately after lunch Gonern 1 Lucn.s , 1 d:"!iral Lowry, CArta in Leid s , General Brann and Colonel 1fo•-rard conferred 'rj th the GrcnP,rn.l about the preprrations for SHPrGr.F. . Immediately aftf'1r lunch Generril Lucas , AdmirA.l Lorry, Captr>in Lewis , Genernl Brann and Colonel Howarrl conferred d.th the Gen~rril Fbout the rreparfl tions for SHI rGLE , in order thnt all information night be 2vr->ilrble for a conference with Grmerrl Alexander ..,hose arrivPl was '"hortly expected . 11 At 1500 Genernl /\lexandP , Generrl }:r,rding, GP-nmrr,l Clrir1-c , G ,nerel Gruen✓r ther, Adr1iral Lowry, G"'lnerl'l Robertson , Gennr,"l Brann , BrigPdier Foster , Captain Fower of thl:l Royal Navy acK' a menber of .A dmirPl Cunnlngh mI s staff , and Lt . Col. Suthl"lrlrnd met in the hut +'or 11. conference . Genernl Alexander stated that thf~ meetin~ on the 7th nm~ 8th v ith the Frime fiinister had fiyed all 1uestions of craft r-ind oth"lr details ,71-tich rrd 0een settled to make ':Fr GLE possible . The fi~es ho.d now becone definite , and th~ Fifth ~rmy vms to get more craft thAn it asked for . AUVIL was affect,d by this . Of course , the Fresident of the United States ·rould have to be consulted, for PS a result of this rnP.tter , A11JVIL miisht be much smaller or might be merely a threat . The reason for all of this was that th8 entire Allied position was prejudiced by the succe1s of the GerrnPn defense south of Rone . Turkey "las thinking twice r-ibout her entrance into the war , and SpAin was harc<eninf; . 1' ccorc1jn~lv, it "r,s necessnry to make every effort to capture RoT'le . Craft on their ,,P..v from India for C'Vi~RLORD may hr-ive one av:,j 111.ble trip for us . Fifth Army needs r. follO'IT-up aftnr establishing a brir f;'"lheA.d for exploitation , P.nd the a<lditional craft mPy serve for this purpose . Gen&;ral ClHrk stn.ted tbPt for this f·,nction he hnd already alerted a combat teRM of the 1st Armored Division A,nd Pnoth"r combnt teri.m of the 45th Division. G~ner8l Al ":Xander st, ted that he hrcl. the 11 •-rew ZeAlanders 11 (The 2nd tfow Zealand Division) but thri.t he ,·muld like to keep them in his ovm hand to use if General Cl:1rv could m""kc a break through Pt C2ssino . Generr>l Alexrmder then str-ited that the tPrget date for 3I-TT 11rGIB was to be Ja.nur>ry ?2nd - not Janurry 25th - reg<>rdless of the e+'fect of this upon a rehearsnl. GonerPl Clrrk responded to this th.,t J:,e wn.s strongly orposed to a lnndinv, P~thout a. reher>rsP.l and reconMended against it . He ,-rould rather put trie lrmc.ing off until the 24th , if necessary. The miscella.11.eous craft assembled for tho rmterprise h: d never , orked to1;ether , and a r~heRrsal was necessar to coord.inste their efforts . Colonel '1',e,te sfateil. in this connection thr>t if the target drite 'WS the 22nd , a rehearsal ,1ould be impossibL~ . The lo11ding of the vessels "ould :r,rev•=mt . Gene ral Alexander rejoined thPt if the ,, e11.th"r should defer the trrget dr>.te +'or several driys after t.bA ?5th the oper"tion would ncvAr come o.,,.f ot ell , as it ,vould interfere '.'dth rVJ1.IDRD , and a.greernent hrid been reri ched bet,·rcon th=~ Prime r~inister , the President and '3t:1lin that nothi_ 11.g rit P 11 would ever i nt"lrfere with OVBRLORD . GenP.ral Alexander ,..tPterl. tkt somo other di "ficulties hnd to be faced; thPt fewer n.ir resources vro,lld be PV"iL.,bl":l frori nm' on 11nd the air would concent-rate on breeking up enemy communicf'tions . He v:arnec: against tPking too m1'1ny veriicles , st8ting th11t the L nding in the Azores lwd been planne;d ·1.th nore ve h~ cles thPn could actufllly be hPndled on the roRds . If any r1ore '!1ere needed he would see thdt they "mre made Pvailr>bll"l . He "urther said thPt up to four Liberty sl"'ips could be ben.ched for brePking "ratars "nd trePted '"'S exp ndPble . Arlrniral Lo TI';T coMment9d thrt the shallor; · ,at~r made this dj ffj cult, • s the Liberty ships would beach too far out . 0 0 General Alexander st"ted thnt rs r 0 uch e:ir supply PS pos'"'ible wo 1Jld b8 �utilized . Colonel Tate stati;d thf't it oidn 1 t Pdd up tc a grerit deri l. Gener;-,1 Cl8rk a.id thPt thorough o:z:pi=Jrinents hnd bPen crrri9d out -<>or 1:1 long tiJ:1e to exploit air suppl y to t~e grentest possible extent . GenerPl Alexander then rsked .,..rrien the frontal nttrck Pris going to be de liver c<l . Gcmerrl Clark answer ef1 that it ':7~S to occur on a. series of days . On the 12t h the r>rench would attrck in tlie vicinit•r of S . •Jlia . On the 15th the 34th Division , r>nrl on-9 RCT of the 36t Division (no"" -rut in to reliev0 the 6th Ar""'ored) "ould attn.ck to tali::0 'I'rocchiP . On the 16th 10 Corrs '"'ould at 1 tack across tl1e Gari.[C;Urmo Riv0r with the L6th , 5th end 5Sth Divisions . Cn the 20th it vm s plF111.ned to lnmch an Pttr ck hy tho II Corrs ,,or a bridg0head across the '9.apido . General Clark esthr.tccl thrt it v,ould re 7 uire four dP.ys of attack up Route 16 to clra•·r tb0 GF>rnsn force off tl 0 b<Jrichhead , pnrticulnrly the 29th PPnzer Grenadier Djvisio 11. , rn.-1 hence ho vrould su.rmcst th.-. 24th , r ather thrin the ?;Jnd , 'lhic}l is tr'3 rror:osed rnte of PttPck. Grmorrl J\.lexPnder them stated thn.t the ?6th ,w.s the e2rliest cP.te t11,.,,t trie i:'.e" zer,lan 1:lors could arrive , and Generril Clrrk corw1entn.d thrt he br->clly 11oedec'l Pnotl-'or rljvi"lion to pass throw,;h the 36th ; that +,hoy ··nuld ½e b:o.dl,r wo:r11. r'loi:m by thci" c:r·r,,,~'7 "' nf' the Rripido . 1 Gener11 l J'lexRrn~er theY\ r.aid , "I t1r1 fri~htfully k-con for a diversion rnd for a Conmr-inr:"o to crac1r into t 11~ outskirts jnto Rorie . " Generr,l Cbr]r sdd trr t 1 P.. c iversio'1. by n.,,v, 1 f;unfir e hPd ')eon rlmmed but thPt J.11ndinrr of nny T'lore t roo:rs os suggest ')c , ' "0 1 Jld <c i T'lpl y d~ ssiprte tr,e err ft ..,vr ilPble for t r- main push . l}encr111 Alex, nder P sked whether j t could be done the next nigrt , "'s he felt thr-i t it \-muld frighten Kesselring anr'l keop Rori,,., g::irrimned by trie G':':rnl"nS . G~nerrl Cl..,r1c said thn.t he vronld exnmin~ this question -very c<>refully. All tre o.,,.ficers t17 .,n left excert G"'nerr,l Clr-rk , Ge'1er.., 1 Alexanc1er '"'nd two or three senior Generr>ls . Grm~r"l Clrrk Psked GenerAl Alexnndr,r '-rhrt Gene rr>l Al ex:mner nctu::i lly tl:ou<;ht <'bout ~ 'TVIL , rinc1 Gen8rl Alexnnrler srio he triouo:ht it rnic;ht never occur . He •~r>jcl tr:rt in his estiT'1rtion it was n great nistn 1re not t o exploit the Tt'llinn success . Genern 1 Alenmder brought to Gene ral Clnr k a porsono 1 letter froPJ the Frir,e r'inist"lr . tr . Churchill congrPtulrited Goner'l l Clnr'\.c on his c~ corntion from t},e Fresident 0 '1.d on Ms "'Chi1;Vr::>l'1"Jnts in Ital y . Tl--te Prime E': nister , 'ent on to sr-y he sinc':lrel v hared th0 SHIPGLE rmeration could be riounted by ?2 ,fanu"ry, ewen if some of tho forces hrd t o be dir1inishod , ris jt wonld be disnstrous to J-,r, ve c. c"elr,y rec::ult in t:re crncellation of the operPtion. General Chrk thon,r;ht to h::ms!")lf th"t po"sibly G~nerrl "Sisenhower 1 s move to '"':uro:re nnd the re-exaMin.,tfon of the '"hole P~ 7IL proje ct might result in a rer,lizi,=ttion of t}1e •·rea1m~~s of the forces involved rnd <' reconsiderP.tion of the whole r:'fair . T-J:A did not wish to be withdrann fror, his Fifth .'\.rrny comnrnd Pnd be Ieft in s0T11e rlanning cornJ:1Anrl "bm th<:! •rnr rmded ~r:r tli~reby niss e c}lr>nce to mare}-, into GerT'lan;v at trie h~ad of his Arr11y. Gen~ral .Alex::md r 1'111d G~nerr-1 R"rc'1inr; le-ft a,"ter the conf'0rnnc~ n.nr re turnPCl at 1845 for n drinl.: with Gen~rol Clrr1< anc1 GAnerrl Gruenth"lr . Gen0ral Al exander os 1 red Gm1er..,l Cl.nd: •;hetri'3r t11e Ge::nerPl ··,ould consider tf'l-cino; him a l ong in his JT boflt in Crerrition ·1rrJHGIE , nlthouf;h Qr::merEl Alex?nder did not · ish to ~ ntrude . Gnr er'll Clrrl· said t:ba t , on the contrary, ric "ro,, ld be de lighted . 0 ~ �Aft13r,1ar0s, repec tedly had ther fluster. j •hen Generr,l l\..lcxr1nclcr h"r1 ~nne, Gencr··l Cl..,r1-:: S""id, RS he n the J'P st, tbrt Gon'"rr 1 Alexand0.r ~19 s a pc11nut and a +-ea1 Tho fo11o,:li-rirr cable, 'R.N 25773, ,vas receivAd +'rom the CPTC today: ,r'ncob L. Devers, Lieutenant G0n9r,.,l, o.r the Unit8d StPtes /\.rny, assumed corimand t orth ffrican Theater of Or<orrtions, United 5trit,3s }rmy, 1?00 hours 8 Janur>ry :r0r.r present. 11 11 "- Crble RJ'J 0 .1878 also was receivC'd f'rom 15th Army Grour ann is quoted below: "Target date for opening HQ now adwmced 48 hours to 1~ Janwry." The follovdng message , RH 6381, was dispatched tod, y to 15th Arrn.y Group, pass to AFFQ for Gir::md: 11 2 DHt sector quiet, normal e:<rchenf;e ~.nfordictor;r 11nc: hnrressing fire, one of our 1:,r,trols found enemy rt LA fl\.I'Ji•'P..f''S 992347, 3 DIA took command e,t 090900 of 45 Div sector. 3 RTA relieved troors of' II Corps on nr '•lc'\.,JO night e/9. nne Bn L, RTT ri.rrivryd staging r>reD lPst n:lp-rt ,·;ill reinforce 3 RSA toni~ht on TT/I.JO . Frc11ch losses for S JRnw,r;v, lzilled 1-S , 7ounded 73, missing 3 . TANK STAT,; - No changA . 11 The :lnrlicetion by,Gcn"c'rPl .Alc:xand~r thrit A' 1'VIL YToulrJ proh..,bly never ·trike place caused Gc:merPl Clrir to r~flect tririt h..,d it not been for the AUVIL plrn, he vro11lr1 unrlo11bt~dly norr hPvc hrd the !T~iTrTTSA commarn' which ,Gencr~l Devers hPs in his pln.ce. Fo~vever, offered the choice, Genernl Cl.nr 1,;: would certAinly h1cnre chosen his Army cor:inand r11th0r thnn go to rm ;,dninistrritivc rost . Furthcrmorc, he rronld '"'Ot ·ish to rclinqu,sh co,.,mnnd of Fifth Army Bnrt tal<A up h t , rluties "ritr a small pLrinning str+"f rnr pr.rh, ps hPve the ,-mr CC'IT'.C to ::sn end wh:i le he 1·r11s so "}nG" ~er!, lePvinC'l' so11.,,bocly "1se to lead tlie Fifth Arny north into G"!rri;, ny. r * * * Ct\SF.RTA--JA..lITJA'9.Y 10, 191+4--GAnerPls Alex.?nder and ratton both r'ernrted from the Fifth 4.rny CO'"lmr>nd post errly this riorning. At 0900 G~ner;::,l Cl,:,r met ·dth G""ncrl ror:=m to dj scu,s the sigffl features of SHITTGLE . ThcrcPftcr he hrd.., short conference v:jth Colonel Ryrn, Fifth Army Chaplr>:.n, anc r1onsignor Carroll v.rho h11.d recently co!'1e from Rorie and who tolrl the Ar'fl1.y Comrnanrler of conditions thf"re. Follo1crj ng tri is conference, Gener-=il Clark h2d a cell f'rom M"l.,jor Gnnert"l Corell, ~PH1 Surgeon, -;ho cane 'vith Colonel ·"artin, Pnd hriefly cliscussed thJ Fi:'th i'lrmy r,edicel problems. At 1000 Generpls T,~ogles and m,rmon c2me :in e.nd 0iscussed tb!') employri~nt of' the 45th fl.nd 1st J'rnored Divisions in the com~nr, op"lrn.tions of the Fifth Army on the present ":'ro-rit flnd in 3HJ'TGL'8 . Follo"jnrr this, BrigrHU'"r G,~nerPl Donovrin cnllcd 2nd cliscussed prosrcct5.ve oper- tions from the OSS anelc . At 1130 Lieutcncnt GenE'lrtd I'cCreery arriwid rmc'l discussecl '.1ith Generol Clr"rk the nmrloyricnt of 10 Corps in the comi"'lg , ttPck . �At 1200 the Gen~r"'l held 11 conference in his hut mith GFmer,,ls rcCreery, Juin, Y ,yes, Lucas, l}ru~nth~r ri;'ld Fouse, AdmirPl Lo,,TY, G~nerrls Roosevelt, Carpentier, Cri ~..,f~y, Bronn, Bri <;ndi. rs Cool·'.)~ e nrl "..iChP rr1 so>1, Colonel Keiser ancl L:i9utem.nt Colonel P.obnrt Forter, Derutv Chief of Stnff ('ractic- 1) of II ~or:rs, And Lieuten.-·mt Colonel Suth0rlnnd. The Gtm,ral outlined Oper."tion qprrr;.r.,E for the assenblecl offic')r~, roinV_ng out th"t the Rssnult '78S to be rnRde bv the British 1st Division, t'l7o bRtt?lions abreast, Pnd the American 3rd Divir:ion, thr-;e battelions "'hrer>st, ,·rHh three bettr>lions of Rr-ngers "nd one battalion of the 509th going in Pt ~nzio, and th1~ 50L~th Inr~ chute Regiment r12kinfs a drop inland to th<1 north of Anzio to :rr;"lvent GArrrn forces coming do•m on the beR cJ:-, bef'ore ri ".leachheed w1s established. Alterru tc reinforcer1ents by the 45th Div:i.sion or b;r a cnmb~t team of the 1st t\rmored Division "rnre r>rranged, cencnd:ing ur,on t:r,, situ..,tion. Admiral Lowry wr>s to be the over-1-111 n!"VDl conrrian<"er a11c'1 under him fldrnirnl Troubridge of the British ~b,,y is to cor~me.nc'l the n;:,w,1 force effect: nrr tre British landing. Due to the I rime fl} nister I s i-ritcrvention, ')P, LSTS were to be ma' e aw i L0 ble. A feint vas ci.rranged by n;:,w,1 gunf'ire <>t Cjvitr>vecchio. Cme Cor1rrndo WPS to land on tre night of D day just soutli of the Tiber 1'1.nd strike north to•7ard Rone. In the nrea of' the landing of the 21th J l'.'nzer GrenRdier R!'.lgim~"lt is no'.'' asser bled. lart o+' the Gerr19n 3rd Division vrill be there and t,~o brttnlion- of a Fleger Corps. It is est·mPt0c'1 thPt ~t the tjr1e of our l~noing Germr>n forces numbering 17,000 1"ill be in the are.,., , and at the e11d of 7? hours, 34,000. 0 1 0 In the meantime, a direct attack on the present f'ront is to be mBde in order to contain Els large a G9rnPn force as possible. On the 12th the French Corfs is to A..ttr>c 1, a.11 out towe.rd S. 'SliEl. Three dc-vs l::iter II Corps goes on to attacl: Trocehin, using the 34th Division, an J.CT of the 16th Division and P lso s 0"1P- P rnor. 10 Corps on the 17th or 16th will l'1 t tn ck Rcro s s the Gr, rigliP no wHh the 4{,th, 56th and 5th Divisions. Generql Fnrmon and the ArnorArl Di vi ~io"' Penoqu.,'<rt~rs, with one Co!'lbPt Corimanrl, pL1s the Qlst Reconnaissance ,qu"'dron Rrc to be rer>d;v to be used on SFrrGLE. Gen<1ral Alexander st.-.ted 111st night thrit t'berc might be still more troops Pvailr>ble. There nust be ~ood werther for SFIITGIE. If it is b.-:id, the Fifth Army vdll hPve to sit it out, but tht'l targ0t datl"! T'lust be the ?2nd, so th"'t a wait for good re2.ther nill 1"lot no.ke the attack too ll'lto. r~ jor G0nernl Crf1ne hns been set up to plan for the occupation of Rone. Fellington bombers ·'i 11 be set up for h38V'J n:l ~ht ?tto.cks in support of the ln.nding rnd also of the direct -cttAck. The G9ri.errl :!')Ointed out thnt he hr-id been requested by cable to sr-'re . 11 apr.l propnrtirrn, 1,nt, +,}'pt, there vrere n. o-re.nt n, ny brfr'p;es "cross tJ-19 Tib8r .; n the j_-•1.ediPte vi cin.;t;r of' r1r,ny :rripf1l rror,ertiRS ·7hi_~h would hA the onl:v c:br-nnAlc: h;T 11 r1.cl' Gernnn r9;n~... orceny-i:ritc; could c0rx~ rip;r:i!1St Y'j_"') on YrT"GLE:. The Generrl, nccord.;nr.;lv, sent a cnble ns 1dnr; pArn; ssion j f' necessi::iry to r-ittnc 1- thn Germnns "ll'Arewff +,re,r ·,ere, r9~"rc'lless of c0nse1uenc9s to fl"pnl rronBrties. Follo"'i"1/'.; tliis conf'9renc0, tlie G9>1er::i.l (mtertnined GP,n0r"ls f,icCr9er;,r, Juin, Keyes, JT01lse nnr Lucas, witr t-. a,1iral Lo"TY, f'or 1uncl'. f. t lnnch t r, Genern 1 sro l(e of the Oj f+'·· culty o: corrs -"'l::i,., 1r O'U" rd s' n.s efl ell CO'Y'nS 1--ir>.d di f'f 9rPnt nnt:i onri 1 i -':.ies on its f'lpn1i.:s. In fr>.ct, +,he G n9r0 l Sllf{fY,8Sted inster>d of hr,v; ni:s liPison ,.,,... ,"'icers +'rn'rfJ corrs to corrs, it ''loulri b8 "'referable t0 hr>ve nmb::>ssf'c1 ors. 0 �Gener11 l Prl:'mn 9ntP.rtrd:n.0 J..,l,0 re3+, r"" t1'8 o·'"'ficrrs · rho rrn attroYld9' the c0nferr:mce n:t th9 GeYl"3rrl Of'ficers ' Pe, . In -':..9 1<<'t8rnooY1 Ge"lerPl Cl:lr:V re ceivecl c,cills fron tno 'r)riti:"'}1 .l11r Gorr9"'rondents '"r . F'l.lls , o"' the Ti7r::s, r,nd •·r . Gordon of the C'unda;v Sxpress . In tbe lPte af'ternoon Gen'°'rrl Clrrk received n er 11 +>ron Colonels J".-,rl,oe , Tully and Hyr::-ard, clnssnr.t':3s of }'is at ·rest Fo-Tnt, and t),ese o:f'ficers stn.7ed :.:or dinner . As soon ns thr8e d;visioYJ.s shil] hrvA been lPndec' , Gener"l Clnr1r rroroses to now~ 11 S"'11'111 [ldv:,nce headqunrters to the be::ichhead, ~"lcludin~ hi:riself , his G- 2 , his G- '3 , an aide :~nrl rossjbly one or two others . GenerP 1 Cl::ir}r dispBtcr9d th':3 follovri ng er bl9 to Gen9rRl j lson , CTNC , tod::iy : R'·T gg5g _ nFor Orerntion sr:-w}L"; urgently r,questnd th~t vr•ter trr,ns fortc1tion be r:iri.de r-i.milribl0 for sreci· 1 orer['tio'1 .; 11v0lving -i"l.fj ltration of egents vicinity Rf'l'19 . :1oon rhrse requires use of' suhnnrine "·Mel· should be at B1rnti11 Corsicri b:r noon of Janu::--ry Vi.th for in:it:i.Pl operrtio11s nnd sho 1ld continue R.vailri'1le dnr-inr; cnntjnu::::.nce of ::lHUJC',L~ O:;errtio11s . If no suhr1"rine crn be rrJPre ~rilrible ther t,,·ro }T borits s'hould he subdituted but they ~7ill not be r0cpJJ.r9d until ,fonu..,ry l t,th since moon rhas9 'ill not -rermit use of.' f'i' bo:-it rr-ior to thPt drte . I+' rrr borts !']re srmt they should be continu'"d r>vriilnble until orr>r:otio11s corrirleted . 1~rinhPsize agr,in hr1rortance o:f' subnrrine f'or this operntion and ur~e you do utmost to fr1rl3ment my rAquest . 1 11 Cartrin FrcRtte , this F.er>f'l_u::irter" , now in Bc1stia to mPhi detriled rr rn.np;ements and ··ill be '•rrdti n~ :,t 'rival J-l'eBr1qurrters there for ::iuthorization. " Gener~l Clnrk today -issued ('rerntions Im+.ruction /JlJ +'or tre continwi.nce of' the n.ttRc 1r 1mr'ler th"l gener.,l ril"'n for OrerPtions Tnstruct ·i.on tll. This Oper.?tjons Jnstruction CC'Wlrs Vie nttacJ,. );r the '?rencb EYfc,djtiom1ry Corps , II Corrs n.ncl 10 CorT's, /'J.S 8A.'1'.'lni11ed by Grmerrl Cl.,rk nt the conf'Arence tor1Py. * * CAT~RTA --.JAr'TJAP.Y 11, 1 <)/;,4-- G0ner, 1 Cl qr Jr. tor:py irect<Jd Gener81 'lrr'nn to nA.ke prerPr::i.tions f'or tre l:mding of An Prld:itional cor,brit tePr1 nortr. of the Tib8r to strjke tm·•8rd Rora9 f'ron tre sr>me position v·her9 th0 Comr1nnc1os "re to lrnrl r,s pPrt of tbe rP.i"1 rl1rn of wrrGIJ~ . I nrt o<' tre rePson fer lnndinr: this c0,,.,b~t teAn at the ros.i tioYJ. :1 n ,1unstion. i o thP. rossibilHy tl ,..t tl•e G"'rrirms riry 0efend aloni:; the lj nP of' the ':'j '10r, ; ncJ.i.1dJ'"lg P nefense of tre city of Row=? its elf . Thi:1 ',vnu1.d ma're necessary eitlnr fl nire~t rittac'r 0'1 th~ cit;v , "itr c0nsequent outcrsr on all sides thnt srcren srrinris ",er9 being violr>te,1 , or else GOP19 sort o:f' rrneuver to force the GerTT>-"'11S to eV['CUPte . J\ccorclin1;l:,, the lnnf'ng o+' a coribn.t team 17ell north of thr~ Tiber is to be :rrer:.rect rs A ossibility. The Co:rrr-1rndos, "rho 1-,re to coJ'1e ~.n nre to hr've e goon '3Ufply of jeers ::i.s vell rs arr1ored ieeps . Genernl C11'1rk toilP:r co·,yf'erred vri-':,h 'Rr:1gRrlier C11urchill '''ro commrinr'l.s the t""ro Co"'!mannos in riui")stion P!lrl unr1ertoo'k to rr-; ve },j ;n a lr>rge nuT"her of jeeps, i '1c1u,1i. nr "'rrior~d j "GPf' tr>1rnn f'rom another lmi t . Witr tr esA Vie Cor1rrir,nc1os , nnrnberin.o; about .~oo, '"lll n['}rG P nu-=:h tO'"ard Rom9 on tP9 ":Venin.c:; of D dP.y , creatinP," as much ntir pnrl disturb,,nc~ as r.ossibl e . ·n,P.n thr>Y crin /?'et no furtJ--- r,r, th 0 ~r nrorosA to tr- 'P, tC' tJ--,9 )7j lls no:rth·7est of Ro"'le "Yl(1 rrerrire to defend trenselves until r0liP-V9~ . GenerPl Cl~rk hns Pl~o rlirected rrepGrrt;ons to be mride -:'or nr1 w"1.ces to th8 hiP'h PT01i:nd to t}~9 e"st a11d southerst of Ro"le with 0 �the irlea o~ se1z1ng the pro~inent terrAin ~eritures jn th~ re?.r of trose forces v1hich will be onr,os:i n1; the CEF, the II A"lericrin Corps rnrl the 10 British Corps i:i s they rusl~ forwqrr1 to·7arcl Ron0 fro,.,, th" ir prese>1t nosi tions . Gf:meral Clrri• spent thP da7 T"or1 dn~ on rlans for C,TTPJGLB . ThR Genercl has rlet8rrd ned tr visit tte 'WI',Tl}L'~ fron.t 0'1 1) da;r, c-oin1; up 1-:Jy TT borit . He has also directPd Grmerril Br.<1nn to rrepArG -for rn errlv nove of' r c:1releton heRdau,_9rters to the c;r J'TGLC front . In the <-fternoo"l r~ajor CrenerPl. Kenyon A Joyce , HSI\, ,...,ho is hein~ replrced as hei:id of' the {l.llied MjJ_itrrY Control. Conri"sion by G0n~ral Pr,son I1<ic"rrlf'ne of tre 'Ariti~h Army, caJ"'le in to have r tr, ll:. In th,.., evenj_n?, G"lnernl c1~r1,. enterta4 n-~d rt rlinner 'r . :::'nlls of the LovtrJon "'~Mes , ··r . Gorrso 11 of' the Lon.don Sundriy F>::nress , l'Rjor n;p;el Do11gc\9le , J~ of 10 Corrs and Lt . Col. CJ..--rk , Fi f'tb ArMy PRn. GenerRl Cl2rk rlisp."tcl rid the fo:. lo'v1.nc- cr>1-ile to G~nerri 1 Ke;res +,o<fay: 11 Congrotn1Ation-, on t,},9 successes you haYe Dtt~d.nec. in ~rou.r recent offensive . T nT'l esrn:icir'lly rleRsec ·Ti.th t 9 rron:re"'s :mR(e by t:re 14th Db.rision ~en s11ch rl i ffj e11 l t tt:irrn.in R.nd r "'.:t1.i.nst -SU';r' deterrni ned res ~stn.nce , rrrticulrrly in view o+> th9 short t·ime tr0 Divi."ion ·· rs ::1.:-ile to bo, 011t of the 1 :ine to recnrerPte Pnd re-fit . IJea"e esrtend ry co"1P'r..-,tulf'+ions to Generril Ryder . J rar1 1i.1cewis8 f;J'f'ti,,.i"ld " ith tre cont-inw=id ::-ucce">s o+> the SpeciAl S8rvice Force 1mrer Colonel Frederick. Plen.se tell h;m conf'~ dentiA lly t:brt I have recor "1e.1rled hin f'or r,ro,.,,otion to tr,e arr,cle of' Bri';nrl~ er GP-v,r£> 1. Also extend to Gern=,ral l'i.1len my conisratubtions on the ucce"''3 l1is f'orce has ntt;:iined jn its ;_nitiA1 rJebnt in the Ttfllirn c'l.rnrrii~n . Unner vou.r s:rfondid J.ePdership ::i.nd c'ir8ct io1-1 Yo11 hn.110 mo11ln.ed these thro.e orf'.;f'.ni7,ntions into "'n o~fensive +'orce ;r}lj ell the enern7 "'ill haw, r;rer>t cH f'f:l cult:r in '-"toprinr:r. Good luck for your future oper11. tio11 s . 11 R1T 64?1. 1 1 0 0 The i'rny CoT"\mPncler crbled CG , ',t>'f'nUSA ns follorrs: RF 64?5 . "In view of impendinr; orernV011.s, T cnnsi.r'er trnt 01:ir infrn~r;r rerlacement s}1ortar;e i"' cri tically serj ons . I-s is not rocssih1 e to rrov:tr.le nece"-'sary numher of -i_n:.-.rntry rerlacenients by cnnversion ".S ,.,,1thoriz9d jn ,ro 1 1r 0 ~1StSl , drited Jr,nuriry 10 . 1 e estirnrte th.-.t 9n r-i.dd:itional !, , C'OO 1 nr,mtr:r rer111cen,mts "rill be r9111.irei!., rrtbar thr>n '3 , 000 e:1tiP1rited hv ;vou in last PDTPf;rPph vour messPg9 . I 1rr_r:;8ntly recomrnend -1-hPt ?500 1n+>Pntr;r renlricerrienta be obtP:ined from ~5th Pnd 89itr Divisions anr1 shipped to Fifth Arn-r:r 11.t FlnrUest ross:i..hl d11te . They will not be used to fil1 re,p1isi tio>1s unl11ss Pbs,-,lutel1r 11ecessriry. rur orer.--ti on.s to dr>te have fr8'l'1.entlv bee'1. J~qn_rlicripred bv inFC'e1u11te c•urrlv of inf'nntry rerl?ce1cents ' ;,ind I +'13el thRt :tt ..muld be [l fQ.'"lVG 8rror j f ,e +'nj_lrd to reve on f1P>1d tre 0 500 re1uested . !\nrroxinPte rercentri r,-es of' spec:i fi_c,,t:i.on nur'11 "lers requirecl a-re "'s follows: 721, Sp,c JBR 7!~5 , 71, CnP,C 'JFR 746 , 5 1 Srec ·rnn 60'3, 5~ ST'eC ";JR ,S05 , 1 ~ Srec 'JBR 60!,.,, 6"~ 3pec 60'7 , 4; Sp9C ifBP. S04 . 0 Gener::il tad.Py wrote " lett9r to 1 ~<ij. Gen . L . 'I . P.ooks, G- 3 , A,.,IY2, in nhich 1,e rnade three in1portrint no~ nts: !1 • He ,-·;,, s 1mr ')19 to s<>"1.rl SPner::> 1 BrP nn to A"'PJ to coorl~ n2te Al"l.,.L r-ltmn4 nr; r>t t)-ijc tirie, bu.J. hrd sent Pirj r:;..-:idier Gener"'l Ca+>fey 5nste:ad . !?• Fe rw1uw,ted thnt tl'9 l;,,test ~n"o:rm~tion on ~FVIL be T}lP �forwarded him, as he hi=1-d received the impression from Genr':lr"'l 1\lexander th2t t},is operation was son01r~hr-1t of P "dying dog" and "'ir;r,t be relegPted into the re.<1.lm o:P a feint in that areP, rmd cert;:dnly not r,ore than e very smPll lPndinp; . c . He re7uested that Genern.l Rooks fpc:ilitr:d:,e :bis tP 1-iinr; severPl of bis 'ke~r st~ff officers 11ith him to the 3eventh l\rrriy; nPmely, Gener."ls Gruenther , Brann , Vornn , Lewis and Colorn~ls Tate Pnd Fowarfl , along with a fe,c; other junior officers . Genern.l Clark today receivAd the. following letter fror1 frime Pinister nhurchill: 11 I was very ;:;orr;:r not to see ;rou at the conf0,rence yesterday , but I feel vou ,,,r3re so closel7 e11g2p;ed vrith the eneny thet jt "'2'3 irnpossible for both .Alexander ,ci"l.rl you to be away- Pt the '3/'J'Tl"J t:ir1e . Your of'ficers idll tell JOU about the bro ""earci,.,in'{ discussions we hAve h,..,d , nnd I 1--torie "'ill reassure you cor1pletel:v about the aauatic suprort our gre.?t oner,.-,tion 1rrill receive . It may even ")e roc::sible to throv in ths eci.nivr'leYJt o+' Ft third div:1sion, "lhich ought to clinch nntteri:, . I Am deeply con:ocious of the : mrortr-nce of this brittle , withont "Jl'ich the cPrnp;:dgn in Ital::r ·viU be regnrrled PS h1wing petered out inglorjously. "nne thing I ½eg yon , n,..,mel;;r , to do evei~~rthing in -ronr pov,er to stnrt off on the ??nd if the 11eather is good . ~ver;r day ge :tned incre 0 .sed the use you will have o+' these invPlueble lrinc'li·'1o;-craft . If you R.re eble to begin AS ePrl:r as thPt, not 011ly r"laintenance but P lsrp;e build - up would be in sii-;ht . It 1 -,,-,uJ_fl even be hettsr to start vith three- 1uPrters on the 2?nd than ·ith full nur1bers on the 'Jfsth or later . Tt is inti-mden thPt ci 11 the lronding craft shall noJ.nq severn 1 vo:rages be+'ore they rlepart . The eorlier the7 strrt, the more they c:1.11 nt?Jce . Yo11r rerresen.tative , Colonel Hill , Viill tell ~rou the grea.t 5nportn.nr,e ,·re attnch t,,-, t'ris . I 1rnow you ''Jill 00 everythb.g h1 hur:1an power . 1 11 ! hnve been merming to write to offer you my sincere cr:mgrf\t,·lrotions on t11e signal hononr raid ;rou by the Fres-i.c1 ent jn c'lecorP+,jng you for vour :rerso11Pl bravery in the p-re t battle of Salerno . I have heard f'rom British c'-01..1.rces of the wpy in nhich you e~,,..,,.,osed :1rourself jn the "orw,.,rrl rositions to sustain Dnd P ninPte ;rour troops, And it is vnry l:i.l.r:ely th0t vour v:ir-;onF l intervention 1'"as decisive in ,.., bl=ittle of' which jt night rrell ½e snic'', as the Dulce of ''ellin,c;ton i.n efter J.ife S8id of the Bettle of '"Dterloo, tt:rt y,r,:,s .~ O-''Yined c l ose-run trdng 1 J 0 ThG Army CoT"!m2:nder r8plied to }rir:1e r"in~ st2r Criurchill as follous: rryour letter of ,January 8th was (1 elivered to me by Generrl Alexander . He and my represe:1.tr-itives wl-}o ottendec 701Jr conference P-;PVe r4e full deteils es to the decisions wf'ich vou arrived nt . U::r: PY~ deligr>ted vrith tre orrortnn~t;rr of 12.unching '3HPTGLE OrerBtion. I hPve f'elt .,.,or P long ti"le thr.t j_t WPS the decjsive ,m7 to Pprrorch Ror1e . This is the f'irst tir e the reans , incJ.udinr.; extra clivisions "nd cr9ft, hnve bee11 assenhled Jn sufficient qmmtitfos to do the job . I 2r, fully conscious of t're necessity for lPunchi· 0; the Pttf"cl: rt the e;,irUest ro'rnible drte rnc1 ½ave set J muc1ry ??nd PS the target dete . ''TeA.th'er permjtting, ~·e sl·01·lcl mnke ~t et thPt tir:e . There "'re many dif'fic,:lties coY1frontinr; us, but ,·e "re tirAl•e3sly 'm0 1 0 �deavorinr; to overccr .e tbem . 0 nr,ry rlans jnclu.de a third division rs <'.'1'1 j7nedirte folJm1-up . It r1ry be L'll-i11f'nntr7 div5sion, c)r ;:- c01 11)ir:ied ..,rnor-i·flP"'ntr · ta.s 1: fr:irce . Bot}, COJ;lb:l .,,-tioYJ.s vill be reoc':· to sciil, Pnd I ,'Til l make the decision as a result of my observation of the lnnc1:inr; , +>or I :i nt9'nr; to 1 r,r 1 )e ::n<;n.t At t'v, 7..r·nrl_ino; o-r the '.l'.)nd, nrtc1_ "rt0.r vis:.ti,,o; t'."0 ,_""_" co,,,r rio.0r':l rsl orA, ..d_ll trr,nsrdt the orrl.0rs ·"or the P 1Tror,:ri:---te ·"·orcc; to +'ollo·, ur . en 1 0 0 I wns d:1 stressec1 to h92'r cf srmn' illness 15 r;hted 2.t tho fi YJ.C, rrogress· ;rou P::c·e r"'k~_ng . 11 "ThPnl· y01..1 ·"'or vour cr'1rz.rr·ti1l..,tio 11s on the :Jictin.'7,11:i sred Service Cross presr-mted r,8 b:r tr,e } resident . "I C:'1,n n0ver e:,.::pTes:=; ~n Yrorcs my rleer 1=;rrtrtude nt the orport11,,j_t;,r 1,1}-ich I hriv0 h'7d to crnrrm=rnd Br·itish trcops. I 11i:,ve ,-1.evc;:i.:- sr;en f:i.ner "'en of f'll rnnks . The:-r f'r9 0 1 1tstr,.ndinp-ly c01ITPf'Gous , 2'.nd their "'lorrfo js high . The orTcrtunity for _An,3ric2.n D"1d Britisr_ scldiers +o S9rV8 iYJ. cnr1b"t nloy,~side of e0_ch other hris dev"'loped betvreen thr;m an 1mderst2nding of ea~h othPr "hich h'".S engendered notl--i~ng but T'iutual adniration . 1 t1 I hnve ev,er7 cm·S-i rl.ence U1r1t ve vri.11 procuce the rr~s11lts in this ne:zt o:rernt::1-on rhich ~rou so r:mch desire . Thr.nk you for "",P Jdni:; the ne2n s ri vailable to l"!e . I hope ~rou ' 1Till visit tre Fifth Army in Ro,.,,e bc:ifore returninR; to the 1 TT• 'fC • !t CA3~RTA --.T!~'T1F.RY J.? , 191/~--General Cbrk spent todP,y rt the co11mPnd rost and �1:1.t the office of' th0 nlanninp; ~our j_n tro rr-irir echelon ,orking on ~:rnnmu; . In the afternoon ro receivea :-i csll -('rom Lt . Col. 1,Jyr;nard 11ho hrs just been rlrced j_,1 clr1ri:re o{' Fift}, ~rTTJ.y v,rir )on.d s.:iles, n.ry1 0iscussed this s 1J.bject ,-,jth the Colonel. Gi:mernl Clnrk .£'>eels thr1t sPti 1fP ctory rroeress is bA-trr: Ic['de in the plenninr; for GFJ"TGLB ~nd th,.,t one by ono the necessr-ry rletPj lP rire bej n~ huttoned up . Tn the evening ('.:mer"'l ClRrk Pttended n cinner gj_ven by the Fifth Army chaplein for B out 20 ~rmy chaphi.ns . Todn.y the Army Cot'1"1Pnder r1isprtched n cnble to the crrc, AFH1, RI 8676, reouestinrr th,,t Brig . Gen . Holmes he assigned ns Chief Civil Ar-fPirs Cf'fi cer for Operntion A~TTTIL ancl th.t jf he mre not r>VP.' lable th11.t Lt . Col. Gerry h=i mac1 e Actjng Cl ief ..,ith tr,e 09finite unr1 erstn.nding thr,t an officer in chrrge , preferably Colonel T-fuT'le , be r'nsir;nn.ted e.t a l"ter dPte . 0 Genernl CL r 1< yesterdry received "ror<'l , PN '3125 , th 0 t Grm.er"l ·F'reyburg of the ')nrl 'T9yr Zealand Di.vision woulrl lil-:e to vi:3lt li'ifth Arrriy Pe--:d1uPrters 0·1 t're ll+th 1mr'i to<lP.;T cPblPd A re ,ly, PlJ 86B'3, ridvisi::-i~ h~.T'l. to ln.rid Pt Capodi.chino and to ::,c'lvis':1 ETA . 'J'he folJ.0·1-'"'lfl' c?b1e w11s receivoo from 15th Arriy Group tocJav, :N CGS 11 Gen':lral Frc:vbur.:; will probnbly ask for (1) ::i.n rirmorr;c1 cr,r unit and (2) a mP-dium arty regt to be rln.cerl unrler his cnmr1r1 nrl j f' rind :hen he is loosed on Pn exploitPtion tDsl'.: in frvmi.rRble cfrc'J_nstnnces I think (1) woulrl fP'T a rlividi::mt Pnr· (?) \·rould be necess11.rv for al"'lost 'lny tasks he might he piv<m hut these two 1mits could only be found hy drP\7inr; on 10 Corns . Hill cl-' scuss this -Purther with you •vhen next we rieet . 11 192 . * * * CASE'1TJ\- -JA'.TTJA.RY 13 , 1941.--Genernl Clnrk tbls morn-'n-s left his c0P1rn.Pnd rost hy cub plane :md fle 1 ·1 to Irat"l , ':rere he vislted the ffeA.rkpt"'rters of the Frenc}1 ~xp=;dj tionr-i.ry Corrs . A. t frn. ta. he t0 J.1u:1d t o Genera 1 J11in "nr'1 noted \Ti th satisfActj_on thl'J prop;ress the :Frencr Corrs ,·as r,r,lr-ing :in tre ,,ttricl,- v·hich had been lmmched on the previous day. He then flew to the II Corps lrrnr1 j nr; field in Iresenzano, "IrerA be ''let ·vi th GenAral Kqyn,s r nc1 -,ent ov8r ·•ith him the arrnng8ments +>or the r~ Corns attacv v}'ich w:=is to be lrnnched on the evening of the 14/15 . At lunch G9nerr,.l Clr rl.r entP-rtained GenerR 1 Penney , the Commnndj nO' Gener:11 of' the 1st ".ritisr ;)iv-ision and c1T'liral 'T'rouhridr;e oP t½e H.m1<,l TJrvy. ·,ith this or>ficer , h8 r'iscussgd r'etrii], of th9 nrorosed operPtion 3PT7f"rlvc; , as Acl mire.l 'l'rou'l)ridge is ~o comI"!Rnr'l thRt r,ortion of the n.av::il force ·1hich will support the British operation in SJII 11 TGL""; . In tbe r-:>ver,inq; Genorr>l Clr>rk rec0jved for dinner Grmeral TloX1rel1 T'lylor of the 8?rod Airhorne Division , "rho has re centl:r bee 1 on r'letR ched s0rviM ""i tr tte Allied Mili tn.r;r Control CoT'lriission. 1 Grmerq 1 ':!lr,rk torh,r r ispritched the following two cPhles vith rPg,rn to re cent successes of Frencl-i troops on the Fi Pth .rny front: �bers o:f the C-STi' on vonr Sf'l9nd 4 d successes in ~~1rie oper"tio-'1S no•rr in rrogress . In spite of stu½r,o~n onen;tr resj strince n.nd counter"tt" c 1's you br;ve <7ined Pll of YO'lr ~nitiPl objnctives n_r,_(1 f're coY1ti11uing to r1r1 1m eyc0Jl9nt rro~ess to the north . The courP~e , det8rrn4nrtion rinc1 s 1·ill derionstratecl by All members of your cmmrind Pre f1ildirii:; ::1.nothnr gloriom· chPrter j n th'3 long r-inil noble historv of -,-,ren~h nrr1s . France mav ''T8 ll l)e eternr>ll;sr ~rn.t')ful for th8 rnrt you are non -nlnyin<; i1 secnrj_nr; her l i b~ffrtion -f'r,-,,,,, t e GArT1rn foe . 11 "fi'iV8 A:rny to AFHQ Pass to G8nerf11 Giraml FersonPl fron C1Pr 1< o.nd Info Cor,r to t;BF I er on<> l +"or Juin frol'1 Clar le. "I desire to congrrtulrite you on the successes of the c·":F in its rresent operrtio"'s . Fightjng in PdV9rse 1•reather Pnd over the nost di ~ficult terrra in , th9 Corrs hns succGeded in cr-1.p tL,ri.nv all of its ::i_nitir-1 obj"'!ctives R;:t,riinst r1et0rnined GerT!lPn resistance nnd :is continuin'; to nrike eYcell ent rr0e;ress to tJ,q rorth . GenerPl Juin ,.,_nd his co,n:r1!:'.n0 p_re daily e.dcti:1g to the finest trp.r,itio of' Fr/'.mcr fifshtini:; men , and I am rrou0 to heve t,1--_qn n.s members of Fifth Arny. 11 0 * * 1, * CASER.TA- - JAJUAEY 14, 191~4- -This ';Jorni ''1/'.; GrmP,ral Clnrk conferred with his Chief of Staff, his G- '3 and G- ? concerning the rrogress of flP.nning +'er 01 eration SH:'" rr.LE . The prospect continues to b<=i fFvorPblo, Pnd there is evo,ry indica tion th<1t suhstn.ntjBl Gorrmn forces 'lhi ch r,ight heve been pulled a\'Jr>y toward the v-i cini tv of Rone wer8 beinP- conto ined on th3 J resi:mt +'ront by tl,e vip-0rous froYJ.tril thrust now in r,rogr9ss . Genernl C1Pr1• then recejved Colonel nurf'e , 1 with ';'Thom he c iscussed the mi lHPry ~overnf'lfmt rroblP-'"'1S in .... respect for Operr tion A''":TIL. Gengral Clrrk desires to hPve Colone) Fune r- ssir;ned to hean up this section, j f it cen be a.rranfl'ed , as it Ppperrs thrt General Tfolmes is una vail<" ble • G,:,neral Clr-rk c1lso discussed wHr· Lt . Col. Clr,rk pr,nc in~ pubHc rel,tioYls proble 1q anc wit], Colonel '3nltzrnrn quest-i.ori"' concernin<:; unit citatioY\s 11nd the award of' the new service unit plaque . At 101,5 thri Gencir~ 1 left his conmEnd post and ,·,ent to tre cuh f'ielcl , wbere }19 tooJ~ off ·dth 'k•jor 11'\lker for the beach just sonth of' the T"louth of the Volturno . FiAre he trn.nsferred to R cub on floats 1111.d flew to t} e b0ncJ.-, just south of th9 Tusc:ir>no, storrin<; on the 1 re vms J11et rit tr>e beach bv n, j . V!P.y at the >?.est Cent3r fl.t '1orrento for lunch . Ge-1 . Tenn9'T 0nr insp9cted tl')e trr<in:ing o-1' the 3dtish 1st Division. The G9neral t 1en r9turn0d to his coro.nnnd -r,ost by cub rlrne . 0 Tre /,rmy Gortr'1fl nder ent9rtrdnn.d for dj 11."'er th:i.s 9VGrii n~ G9ncrp 1 Freyburg of the ?nd '•'(,,'l Zealrind Jivbio11 ~ncl Rrip; . Gen . IB,is , Fi.,.th ,,rmy Artilbry Of+'. "icer. G")nn.r[' 1 Glr-rk discucised -;ith GonnrP1 Pre;•1,urr; tro rrosr9ctivA 8r1rloyment o-1' thn 'Jnd 'Tnvr '',o"11flnd Djv:i.sion cor1mfinded by Ge11.Arnl '.F'reyburo- riDd rrro:nged -rith Ge,1ernl Le'·ri s to P!Ake E'V,,.,i bble for Ge1-1er;1]_ Freyhurg n cub pl"" ne to r-ssist his reconnaissl'1nce of rosi tio11s ['''1,-1 J-,j s ,risit t0 units on this front . -x- * * CA9,_,,;,,.,~ --JA'JUi'P.'·' 15, 19/J~--GenR:r::i.1 Clr-:rk left his co·1r1r-nc1 fO"lt by cub rl1me at C'8SO nnrl <'l"'W to the 10 Corrs f'ie1d ner.r ()pF1rnnise, hero hri wrs ff,t 1::>y e �stRf'f' of'ficm' anr1 -l:,pv9n to 10 Sorps He11drJ_1trrt8rs. Fere General Cl::irk tAlked to the rrinci P' l o·nficer"' of' 10 Corrs ,. ho hr;r1 eo11 :, c:sernbl9d by Genernl ~c';reAr;r. G'"'ner1.l Clrrk, spea}:inr- f'rom P r1°r ,~hjch he hnc" hr>c1 prer-rec l,y 0-3 nn0 hro11 '"'ent uy-, bv GnptAin Vn!lrson, 011tlim1d the rror,osed --;pr T(}L Orerati.on a11d t,}-,1; nro"'ltal or0rations jn cnorc1iri8tion " 7 th it ['nd emrh,,sjzed the irrportPnce o+> the lC' Corns role. Fe nlso .,,..end to t,},e 1>ssembled o+'fic1~rs some letter, ""ro1"1 A'7ericnn solrFers rr,rorted in a p:->pi:ir "1hich he hr>d, 'Jrich inr':ic...,ted an e~·cellent +'eelin()' 011 the r"'rt of' t:re Aniericf'lns +>or their British brothers in ~rms. GenerAl Clrr}· lef't 10 Corr,s co!",.,,Pnd ro"t "hortly l,ef'ore 1or,o 1>11d returned to the 10 Cnrps cuh Airf'iel.11 where h:! •;c,q J"'1et by T,t. Col. ·utherl --ir7 wJ--o had bee11 ou+, b,r cub to locnte n lan11;n"' ,..,..,,.ounr'l close to U 0 lrr: Division cor'lrn['nd post. ,,.,he G,1-v1riT'n.l f'lcivr to +,J~j s f'j A 1.cl, th,t of' the '10th Arr ored Arti llciry near fozznoli, "rhere he wrs ririt by rr,m0r.,ls I,ucPs Pnrl Truscott. T--Ie \7RS 1>ccomrPnied b;r +,h':'lS9 o-"+>ic8rs to n nerr 1)y l"'i9lc1 wher'J, ~n t},e rr9srinc0 of the entire ass9rnhled lrd Divirion, he mR~e ~ short arldress nnrl decor1>ted ?l officers. FolloTing tris cer9,·1onv the Ge,p-ri:il returner! to 1-:ls C0"'1Jl1Rnd :rost y rl:>'t'le. 01 0 At lrS1O Genern.1 r:lnr'k receivnd Lt . Grm. "lerPro:i, Chief of' '3faf'f of' the Tt.,linn Ar"~', '"ith Colo11el ] nll.Pvj cjno f'"l_ti rne of i,~ s <-t,"'l+>f' of'f':i cers who srokA ....,n!":;lish. The l"]-ci11erf'l r1 isc 1 1~sed ··,ith Colonel T-Pllmricino the errirloynent o+> Itn-1.i<>n unHs on th9 Fif'th ArmY front. He told G0n0rril P,0rrr0i thrit the It? l i_nn ~otorized nr:tr::>rle hd not clone we 11 or Inn.c;o, its f'ir.st orerr1tion, n.nrl t½Pt th9 rnn.-n,-yir ~ n ,.,,,i ch +,}-,9 t-roors l-11:,0 riled out unrer r.,,..cssure from the TTermPn rroeril"J.P,' TJivisio:ri. ri"CT ref'lectA- no c.,,..e0i+, on th;::,vn, thoncrr, to he sure, rrtPny Ttril:i.r>n solr1j 0 rs in tht Action }, 0 <1 r'ier o:rill'""·.,_t1,r. Gen"lr"l r:1Pr1c further S.?ir' thr,t he hr>d P'iW~n thA Br~<;"'c1e f'IY10th0r cl rnc8 r,nn t,1-yt it r'?O 0one fnirly- \"'ell, ..-,1t1,o,1gh not rerll:r wel enou,a,}, to T""9t'it tb=i co~r~enrlrition v;hich he h:->r ,·TH,te11 tC1 GAn'"rPl 0rid.no in orc1er th1 t h9 rniP'rt ~iv8 encou.,,..11,a,erient to the Itriljan troors. Shortly the:r9a+>ter Gener.,l Cl,Mr 1r J--nc1 r"irected Gen0rrl I'nri..'1.o to tr> 1'e ov r t"1 rpli9t r1 ef'ensive sector ""'rAre n. Ger'"'lnn Ptt1ck on I? hill WPS ro"'s::ible ut 1'1ot likely, and Genc.;rf'l Darino I,r, 11 rerlied by letter, st11ting thrt his rrro1rr c011ld not rlo th:i job, t},qt he was },,wing heri,,y- des 0 rti0'1s 1:1n.d thr-t 19 shonld h 0 ~ent to the T'APr to reorr;r>n · ze. Generf"'l -Pe.,,-.Mrcl;_ s, id tht:>t Generel Darino ~,..,,,., he tho 1li'"½.t, A. def'eati..st in outlook rinr1 thrt he intended to relieve hi.TYJ. 1 0 Ger9r<1l ~1P-r 1r -1-1 r,n ,,..eceiw~d P c::tll ,~rom 1.nbbi 11ric 1'Tler of' tre ,Te,:risb Jelf<1rA '9orrrl anrl Chrln.-in t'l ior Lev o" thA C+"fice c" t•19 Chief of ChPrla~ns, u:ro was al'.!co,1rn11.yinc- noctor Br~ c 1'1v~r on ,"' t011:r ,.,<> the P-':,tl0f'ielr's. These officers cMrne to visit 0"'"1Gr£'1 Ckrlr w;tl-i GnJ.on,l Rvrn. fl"'t8r r1~n11n,·•, 11'-mrerrl Glc-,rlr ,,rent r'o"n to t 1 e o+>PiCA'3 of' t:re Iln1.ning Grour Pt the FM1...,ce ·~th G9rPr.?l GruAnt 110r, 1:1here Ge'19rPl Clark n/0ress9ri tJ,,e officers o-'"' ' 7I Gorps stfl "'f nho w0r, [I c;q9·,"hlPrl tlvY"'e c0·ncerni n.g th=i im 'ort,,nt r;"Jrt to 1,0 plri:,r<=Jd b•r 1TI Corp', in Or,9,..."tion srr GL--;. 'l'her0.""'t9r, th8 G-ori0rnl, f99li 11a- trr-at tris 'N/lS +,he last orrortn:rdty he ~LV9 f'or ., lor,_P- t•i179 to P-et "'1;' r 1st rv,ay Prori tre cc,n_-1-,inuous rressure of' 1,'tsiness rt Ji.is CO"'l""P.,,.,r1 rns+, -inv-ite,i Colon9l '"inltzr,rn .<i.nd Lt. Col. '>uth,--,r7_-,,nrl to orive ,,dth M.m ~n hi.s B11i.c"k- to ti--0 .,..,ifth Arriy C'""f'i.cers 1 Rest Center to ,·rnul.d �f',,,., ',n,1.r'"l . T:be rr'rt•r 10ft, Ge 1v,r"l r~l.<>Y' 1,c c'r·· v.,,,.,cr, r.nr'l I""ce very P'OOcl t,-':r,n 1111.til r>hout '18V8'1 rdl93 frorr ~orr9nto, wh0n th Blic1~ 1111..,ccountribly r9Pnsnrl +,o ro [tY\17 "'2rtrnr . Lt . Col. cut],,--,rlrnc1 \T"''"' r-',~r..,tcl-9cl to '"iorrAnto f'or helr on fl rr-i ,,c;i11.r1 Itrlinn truck , but ,.,hi.19 thr-i Gonerr>l riw,.,it0r! his return 9 i0Ar Pror~ +,h9 I ,=m:i'1<JU1flr Bn.s9 Se::r':.io11. Re"lollnt 0 9rvj ce , rri ve,1 , driv0,11 by S9rf:;er>rt n. . "estor~ 'H\ .., YJ.d t ct int:; SerP-A"YJ.t P.. . } lo1 rnher . 'T'hese t·im non- comriis,,,ionod o""f-i cers c;to1"r9d nn 'W'ffY ef'f'ici.e11.t •r nttP ched f' chr i11 to tr0 Generr>l I S CPr rind +,o••refl hi,.., to tre ( ff~ cors I P.est S011.ter . The G"'"'C'\T, 1 "P s c;;-ref.ltl y .; M:r,ressed by the ch0e~01l eff.;c1encv nP thes0 t~o non - con~i.s,..ionnd of'ficers nna a.;rgct~f th"t ,, l_9t,+,or ho -rrritten "'or 1-ii" si ,.,.n.,ture, cnr...,0nr1i.nr:r th9rri f'or their rtnod ror 1c. stf-l7 f'o,~ P 0 T e n.911.~r.,1 sr,9nt th9 11i ,-,.ht, ,,~,1 f'ollo"inC; dE'y resti mi: rit ,orr0nto nnd retnr11Ad to -1-,:r,9 com1...,n 1 rost on tt A ev9nin"" of the lhth . * * CI\SF,"R.T.f\ -- J4.'J1Tf, .. Y 17, 194L~--Grm9rPl r:l"r 1• to,'"'Y .,...ec9iV"'d <i crll f'rom G0,ri 0 r11l K9V8'1 nho ' 01 SCUSSP,( "itl-i hiri th9 rroc'res-:; of' +:,r, II Gorrs Of9rntio'1.~ rr,_c :its 9mrlo:m•,'1t . Hri t -,p rec9jvecl A. C9ll ·"ran G,"3r""rPl Luc"s ·rho ,rs joined (}911';rrl TJrnnn , <>nrl th(Yl9 o,,.Pi.cer-:i ,H r;c 1.ssen t,>19 .,,-rop;r9ss in mP 1dn--; thA f'in~J l_;=ms f'or Orer<Jtion ·:rrrGL.~ . Q9:rr..rrl CrPne, v~o is -rlanY\inp; f'or th8 nd mini strr-tivn rr0hle"l in tr9 ~it,r o-" no"9, tJ-,en ..,ic1 ,, 'hri0f' c..,11 on G<;nerr,l C7 rr1-::, r,110 , "'ol 7 o-••-iYJ.F; t 7•-is , Colonel '1ic 1 .relwrjt cn 1 led to rli--;cuss rend~nf.; co11rt <>rti." 1 C," SAS . -",1tiir9 bv 1 V9gt,9-rr "Y "10rn-i ,,_~ t 8 f'ollo"'jrir; cn 1,19 vms sert to 15th l\rmy l',rouy, f'ron-i t,h9 ~ilitnrr n.ssi.on •rith th8 Tt,nl-l1m AY'-r1y ,,1th P"l. -':nfor'Tintion cor;r to .,..,if'th Army: P,.'·T ClRO . "'irirr . rrt,; 1 i TTmh 0 rto tn'ms rver coMrn...,nrl of' 1 ·,otori Z"'r! Bde 15 .J"n yice T'lri . • Tl..,ni.no ·r~ncenzo . " 3b 1 YJ.l'.l'le Ty,+,911i,...9nce su, tio11 or er,e""Y t::r-oonq, " 1lil. it, Djv-isioY\ rnd tre ')Gth rnn7,er f,..ont:-1.l i:1,sr-i 1l+, of' th::i 7i->'tl-i t ion to ->.:r-.,_r~r---: . 1 0 ..,...,F mnr~r 'Q "'A.S is::;11.9r' torn,r c;11!""1°r17,1no- the 1iqrosj,,...,s ""9}+, tl-i.rt ,. ., n'T'8"t nnr+, of' the F9rrrirn Goeri11.g r,rerv,01er n·vis-ion rniv1-,t b<::i contr>jned in the Arn 7, tbus en.~i1·v:1 tbe pr9~qur9 o-F> eneny orrosi- r,., 501.th Cor1hrit "'9PM ,.,i9ld r rder ,tq v1r, s issw::id tocl::i7 nescrihing in detri il tre r';,'lrt ,., ,; ci,, the 5C:/.1-th Cof'lbnt Ten"! ,rill ::-1.r'y 1n nyer11t:ion C-:.HPiGIB . 11 T hr>ve been +><>vorribl7 im:8,T,J ;073 _ PArso'1<1.l "'or rrcGre8r;r f'rori ClPrk . ress<;r1 ');T tl-'e tl1orour:h119ss of' vo 1r lnnn~n1 for f'orthcorojna op9rat:ion. I .'l"' con-"ir19nt 70 1.1 'ill b9 -;uccessf'ul. Gond lu~ 1, to you . 11 0 * * r:~s:SRTA-- -JA1' JAR'( 1~ , lqLi-4- -In t,he ...,,orn;n:; tJ-,e G'~ner11 l r13crdved n er 11 f'ror r:o,.,,\'1A nrl i:ri P" t 19 !+5th D:5 vj -; j_o11.. mhe Gener/l 1 ,'i ~cu,s9cl -'-,he ross-:1-,79 enrlovrnAnt, n:' r" . . . t, of' th9 Li/5th Division to r0inforc9 ~ t 1·oors l'"'rrlirp; i:r +.h9 "irst rhrse of' n:,°"rn:tion JI'I'Jr;.LS . Th8 C"¼e'7.err, 1 next rec9 i V8rl n. "r 11 (1011 <::Jrn 1 T;r, rrJ.e s, v, �fror1 GenArr-1 Le"lnitzer ho discu~10rl i-iri0fly th~ iJ11!"l;n°nt FrrivPl of G0n°rtil Alexri.nrler 9nrl -+:,J:-0 0stohl ishrri0nt o 1-iis •lead 1ur:>rters nt CA.sertl'l. ~nstern of Bnri . mber9P Pter G~ner"ll V1r r; n ri.nd Gen°.,...'1 J. i= PYJ.C 0 en '1A to c, 11 on G,meral 0,lprk ?11(1 d1'1CUS9 tJ.-e 1uestio'1"l o+' suprly +'ro'1 tre ro-lnt 0{' ,,.:<JV[ o-f' the 1 Jorth Africrri establisrment"' cic; w9ll rs tJ,0 r,.,ninsulRr Rase '":ection. At 1 ')45 '}eneral Slr-rk- 1-i?d nn o-"+'-th0.-,,.ecorcl "Te3s cn.,,+'9rr.mce in +,re ½ut , 9.t ,..,11i.c"i he .:11r1 • cri.ted to 17 1vrr corr0sronr113>its , rh0+,or~P;hers R!'ld rnhl:i c relrt~ ons o"fjcers +J,.,,t c1 ne•,, bl_o"T '71"1'1 to he struck rit the Germr·ns . These corresronr1en.ts r8 1ervi nn- toniorrow to jc-.: n c-utfits rrrtj cip[ltini; in 01 erfltion ,PI'VH..E . ""'he G0'1eral rlid !1ot ;_,,1:Ucnte '7h9re OT' when th8 orer.,tion r,,oulrl take plPce h1t exrl, ·in")r to t O COT'r0.r;rondey,ts t'1,:,+, tre ...,if+,h AT''1Y w;.s rrepnring to 1tri"k:':l th<1 h rr'e3t ½low it }--,.ns y0t .?tr1u::: --;~nee the 1.rindinf; .,t Sr>lerno . Tr'.) 0en':i'"l out1in'"'rl +re ~j ➔,n'ltion 8.'3 it no'"' C''ists, e·"TlriinAr.l that tre ,..,rench l'Jorrs "'nrl str11cl• 11lon"' the r·i"'l1t f'l,.,nk ~n fl.n ef'fort to dr-o "l Merri GPr>,rn troors . +,o t ,,t E1roe, t'1Pt tbe T-lritish Corrs lrnnched 1.r o"'f'cmsivo ,,cros<J the Grri -~, i Dno ln.st nir; 11t i'1 ,,n e+'+"ort to Purther »re11.'\rnn the Gerritins I Cr ssino rosi t-i on rn rl 4:,hPt n 1 tb-~11. fl. c;hoT't t~·,0 the tr Corrs "1011lrJ P,''9rt more rr 0 '1sure in t,he c911ter c--f' the lir,<> . mhes": trree r1oves , 1-,0 sPi..r, 7err, P ~n~lude to rinother or-orntion th,t ho WPE' ;:orry he could not 9,crln 1 n ~n c'letPi.1. The,e thr•w corr,s o-reT'<itions "''3re designed to bririr; Yoore Gr::rl"'r n ::;+,renn;th dum to the 'l<'ifth !\rmy f'rc.11t cinc'l to tl1in out, if' ross~1--,7..e, l}err,rn -rorces th;t T".• P,ht orrose tre sreci.ri l operDtion . Fe s<i.id rc".d "1.j'J't' hor0s of the t'encli'1P' orer[ltion, '"'nr ,,hen 1 ::i.s 1(ecl if' this or0rrition 'ms not c esif{l1ed to J.ir, sten the f'r 11 of Ro , the ii'ifth PrMy Corrir~ppr]er renli8d thrt ever7 orer.?.tion th0 ,..,j_ftr J.rmy unrlertco 1• WRS de'<if;ned to sr,eed thP rlPY " en Allied troors ·011J.d erter Rorrl9 . Fe outHned to thA Co"'rec;nondents "O'M', n-" t,hn c°-l "r'i("''ll~ rn·i l-lt,:-r7 "' 11c'I '10n Pl: litn.ry rroblems thrt vro 1 1ld qr~<Je ,,~tJ, tre +,[-l 1ri'Ylf"" nf the ItRli Pn ~r~·-itrl. 0 0 0 "'e 0 , Ge.,,8rP 1 81 "'r,, no" ril"rs to 1-i'"'ve one> o+> 011.r corr.e,..ronde'1ts ri.ccornr"'ny him on the rm hcnt hen he dw,hes ur to the 8'111 rPn QSS"nlt Prea on :;' fr V . Tr is c0rrPsro11dent rrobr->"117 "rill be '"yron Snlzberr,er of the 'iew York T:im<=>s . ,_~ Th"' G0YJ.eral, Pfter cn 1 1tjouc:;l'r ;_-,,c'i.cnt-ina; thnt rin i.rriportrint str.<-te~ic "10Vel""mt WRS i1"1m:inl'-mt , tJ-re1•1 the cc-n-:errmce oren to qw=igtions . The corres ronclo.,,ts , -"ror,, t 11"':i r ci_ue-.:it ~ ons , "ere YCJost : -,,tere"lted in 'Then Rone won 1d be tri 1~en "'nr "'hRn the l}ener.n 1 exrected ,, juncture bet ·:een th<o tJ-,ree corrs now in cnP1bPt r,nd tre srec" n.l force (<1TIT TGJ:E). Th3 G,mera1 "n.id he ropec1 thrit this juncture •m111.cs 1,e "'1,,de '7itr.:n t,rn ·7ee 1rs ?+'+,er +,J-n [nsnult . Tre corresrondents r>lso ·•0'1(~8red i.,.. this srecii=il ii'i.f'th Arr pr oy,er.,,tion vrr,s i~ n.n:v 'il";l ticid in ··fith onerPti.o~s c,lsev.,here . The (}Pn9rr 1 tol-1 them thrt f'or <1c11e time hc, hnd been wn.ntinr>; to 8Xecutr:, '>11cJ-· r-i.11 orer,,tjon but thn.t until now suf'f"ici<mt crnf't hRc! not bnen rvn.ilrible . Th9 cr-"r"nr811ce ;::inded ,.,-J,cin G3n8rr-tl Clrrk hr>d to hurrv to "'noth9r :"'9eti11f m~th Gen0:rnls nouse 211,, Gr>11non . P;::i""or9 1.eriving, ho1ever, G8nerr>l C1."r 1,. F>lso to1,1 tl:-e corres-ron/lents th"t onc, of tre ..,ost ~l"!Jx·,rtrint +',9ctors th~t '!onld P-overn the Rssrult "•oitlrl he tre werther rnd th-,,t p;ood 11er>tber would hpve to nr9vPil +'or th, r:rerc1tion . He '"laid thrt , <>s yet, hCJ had received no lorin; rc1nP,'e rr11r'iction on h"t the weather ·1011.ld be on the 11lr.nned day. 1 1 1 rT'}i9 s11bjAct of his con.,..errmce ·ith Gcmernl Uouse a'1r1 Gener, 1 Cn.nnon VIf>S ti,9 rro:--oscid drop o+> the 50l+th . nrad ute Jn+'..,ntry 11egim0nt . Generr 1 Cl,,rlc WR s �worrieil by t"Jo c0nsir1errtio,...s "Tfectinr; this o erntio"l . In the f'jr--;t :lace , thA r.res"'nr:<J of r, force "ell +>cT''l,":rd of tr 0 1 rndi'1gc3 tc cut off the f'"'rrooch to the rieach by rr0rT11r>n +'orces is 'hifl'hlv desirri>:>lc "nrl , if' eff'r>ctiv"' , 1-:ould greatlv f'Pci litr>te the whole S:irTGL'":: Ororn.tion . On tr•, otl 0r 11;-,nc", ti-,9 two g,:i r r-onerc ls ro-i '1ted out tJ,~t no r -heAr,[il "0r the orer,-,tj o'1 hc=>d been T'O"' sible , trrit tl-io :iirborne troo:rs hrrl 11ot _rect.; cec r lr''1r1int; "'or a '1umh=,r of r1onths Fnd t,hn.t ti- n1°019 !l f'frd r, +>ror. t'he -roi'1t o+' v.; e· r o"' the r> ir , hnc'1 the n'1.ture o"' P'1 "mrrovi:v1.tio11 . -t F9.S ro~sP1le th.:t t. n prr cJ,utists r.iip,ht be '7idely sc,.,ttrired upon ln.ncHn"', b9 j,,,,P,ff9ctive as n delr>yinrr force 11.nd be rendered ther0nf+,er useless i'S ri forr:e for A-ny rurpose . Th9y nlso roi11ted out th,-,t th0re ~"011l_d ")e no T'\oon nt U'is ti:me . 0 The General , r,fter be2ri.ng tre r•ros ~1;_d ccns 0ecid0cl to ,:,-ive tl1 8 rn?tter 14ttl9 -"F"'t '?r c1'ns-irl0rrtjon . ~vrmt,1rll:'r be decider' to eljr~innte th9 dror 11d lonr1 th9 50/1,th from the sea . At 1330 G9r0rnl Alev:D 1d9r ,,,.,,.rived "lith Q,m9rnJ. ford4nr; rn0 Gonerrl J,e"1nitzer . G")""lernl lil9x:Rnder t"rowi his o',n jeep ur tl 9 rath to a po 4 nt in f'ront o,-, tre n j r1es I t,mt nnrl cnne to r da;;;hi ng halt . In th~ co-.-,f0rence ·Tith GA:>111rn1 Cl~r4 1 the Genernl di -::cussed the ::trtus of Or11rqtion r;rrr 1GLP. and the 10 Corrs o ~f'P.ris" V8 no,·, in rrogress which ap1 yier>rs to be mn l::~ n,, o;ooc. ·,rogres s c esr; te count8r rt tr c r:::; ner r th 9 T"louth of ,thFJ G~rir.:7 j nno jn tho vi.cinit7 o-" the villPge of' ''inturno and 4rgento . The Rr-itish "re berdnninp- to f8rr;r trin1rs :'Cross, :rnc Ui9 0 1 1tlook -':or ri rerosonr-l)ly s11ec13ssful op9r Ptio:r -ts 1,right . p 1 0 G,~"10rn.l Clr,rlz saic1 to GenerP1 Ale·-:and"'r, fl"'lonr; oth9r trh1gs , th:-t the t:iT118 would con.1~ ·+0n he hnd to ,fo so~rithjr,Q' Rbout th'3 number of visitors nho "ere descFJnrli·'1i:r uron him , 11sin1; hi,s C,'"rs , J- 4 s 1'llc'l:..~t9rs r>'1rl tn 1·::ln~ up the time of h:i""self' anc: bis stp+'f of'f'-icers hen they ,·;ere eng:-,p;ed in orer,-,tions . HA sn5d th,,t this rlid "lot Ap ly to Generrl J\lex11nr'er ·1ho , Pfter rll , 'ms ris direct co"111ar.r1 er, bnt he t ·ougl·t GsmerP 1 ~ l 3xr-nder should tr> ke tre onus of r,rotecti11.r him f'roJY> othr:ir ~,-wursions . Gennrril c1~rk r-dder ti,,.,t, PS G3ner2l \lexancler knew , re hnr'l thus f13r been extr emely r8certi ve t0 visitor~ , 1 mt tbe r1ooc1 hfld -"e.'.'lch'Jd tJ:.r" poi11t '7},8re c;ow,th 4 nfJ' J.-i,:,d to he do11'3 riho11t ·'t . Gener~l Alex8.11der sa ir1 ths.t he wo 11ld do 0ver:yth:; nP, he co 1lr1 t0 keep Gen9r"' 1 C}Prk frorn br,ino- ov,rburrl9ned . 0 1 A+'ter nn , ho11r I s cnnfercmce, Gener"' 1 Ale'm.nder left 1i.tr r r'1J.ide :rrovided by General Clark , to 170 to 10 Corrs TAC Fendqur'rters nerr Sessr ~runca to d5.scuss ,d_t}:1 General ,,cCreery the rroi;;ress o-f' t,119 10 Corrs nttl'J.clr . At 153C Achir11l Cunn'nP-h['m, P. 1, s- 1·c, ~~:r , nrr:tv~d ..,nrl <liGCll8S8d. v1ith GAn'Jral / :·editerrPnean , nn''i Captnin I o"er , Glrr 1~ the sea 1sr,ects 0~ the r}l-IItTGL:~ Oreration . Today ~t noon the 'Prenc'r Bxredj tionary Corp, rrovr>d j ts col"1r1r>11rl_ rost from 1 ratf1. to enpf'ro , thus r,utting it -in r J11ore fn:ror0ole rosition to control t},e r~ovris of th0 ?nri l'oroc c'ln Pnd 1rd Plr,eri:,n Divisions . At 171C Gener~l Clr-r 1r '.7ent r'1o"m to -'-,he r~l,,,ce ;-,nd h:-d P blk vrith Lt . G8n . Devers , Americ..,n Cor~l"'J"'.'1der-in-Chief ~n t½e treater , rep;-,rf;_nr" pro!"lotions ,..,_nd necoratio11s , urF;inF; upon G8nernl Y'evprc the fflct t rt o'1ce " quote of decorntions wns ceterT'J~ ned re , Q,:merPl Clerk, sho11ld h::"Je the decidinq voice �1 as to who sroul d b0 c ecorrted vri t hin Fifth Army. Gener.? 1 Dev-1rs was ~ost corrli['l one sta.tecl th 0 t he intended t0 rocomF1end G8nerril Clrr 1,,. .('or the commr>nd of' Op9r11tion A TTTIL . Ge,,,0rri l GlnT' sriic~ th,-,t ho FP s grrtef'11l for G1=me ral Devers I c0nsii4eration b,,t tl "t be br-td bee11 notified severnl ··reeks be fore thE1t he h:-:id been selected ·"0r th"t conm.ond . Gener11 l Cl11rk recrd VArl tr8 fol 1 o..:in'; rP.nio from GenerP 1 O::isenho ver yesterday : 1 1tr 7078 . w tre11. I '.31"' irl p•oor'l.by0 to you in ifrirlos : still held the hore th11t I rii ,.,.ht ~et to s0e :rou once More b9fore I left th:i tre.oter . r:;j nee thj s hn.s rroved impo"'sihle I an senilinr: this tPl0~ram just to c,n.y ag.oin ho •r f'leeplv grat8"'ul I r>m to you "'or tl-ie nPgnificent servi C8S you h1we per f'ormed trrou,.,.l~out the year r>nd n hr- lf th-ot hn.s 0l1>rs0rl. sirce you rnd I lef't lashing-ton . 1\11 A11iPd -"-ip:1tirio- '"1en nrA rrond of vou nnd ::i.re looking form.rd to a rerform~nce iri. your next grec't tris}r thnt will equal your rPst accompl i shm,,11ts . t'\r 1-i8st to yo11 , to Grue:o.thAr r>nf'l to :1y otht=Jr friends 011 Your c;ta"'f ancl in your Army. Goorl luck on CjJ:-TIFGLE . n 0 !!Yo'U' rn.c1jo re'lch0d ~ 0 vesterd"y, nnd I "ms del ip:htec1 to herr from you , 1 alt 011R;h c :isanroi nted that I m:ii:,ht not baV8 r-n orrortunity to s?e and tRlk vdth you f'or f' fei-r minutes . I h1'1rl hop3d to "'et -::O·1e 11'1te ·:ord on an:,r chRnl!es in f 1lt1U'e ev'3nt s, +>or thA -:nrlicrtio"'s I r: t hero , trrou~h Alex,.,11cier, arP. thfl.t mv tas 1• is on 'l ,rre:,tly reduced sc8l9 . 4o"mver, ··e ,ill do it, whntev"'r it is . J h, ve h2r1 no timA to r,-j_ve r:ucl· thouqht to thPt, for I h:.ve "l;T Pye on :1noth0r little ti'"'f::ii.r rc,re, wit•1 1 r1-ich ;rou are verv fF>mil-:Pr, r.nd bv tre til'lA tliis letter reaches yo1 1 '·e wi 11 -non th'" resnl ts . I rm goin~ alonp; on trn.t OT'8ration in order to obtl'lin +'irst-hrnd -:nformntj_o,,,_ as to its injtinl success, jn order tr<it ~ r~r7 t.<>l·e rc1vt1:nto[>'e o" orrortunitfes to re in.i>orce tb2t "ront in exrloitRtio11 of Pny orrortm1ities '1-iicl-J. might co:r1e to 11s . ( "I 11:no-·r yo11 must 1:)e husv. I hope tJ-,,-,t this otrcr ri. "fr, ir /?OAS t},rour:;h as you h"'d nnt:i cip~ted nnd ti,:cit I rnay have t},e orrortunity be"ore lo1tg to fl f5A in cnr,e unr1er ;irour conT'l.and. rrry r0qFrds to B9d91l r,nrl. the rest of my l'rlends . 11 A l1"1nni.,1ri; 0x,~rcise o+' tbc, 1rc1 Dlvision r.,ris scher1 11l80 for tl1 0 n:t 0 lt, b11t durinr, the late cwr=q1:i ni re; orts bep;" in to re:::• er Gener/' 1 Clnr}~ th,,t fl n' 1 rnb9r of losses o-: c,u101s nnrl. 105mm field guns hr'd occurred . The Gr:m<:Jrel rr-- s grertly concerned . * x- CAS P.TA-- .Jt'ITJARY 19, 191..4-- This nornjno; l}-9mr l Cl:cirk dictate6. the following to be :inserted in t11e dif'ry of today : 0 "LA.st nip-ht at 'T'ruscott . l' bout ten o I clock I r0cei ver1 the .ottr> chec'l from Grmernl \ 3hortly there"' fter , rlurh11s the n:l 1;ht , ne n trickled in -d.th re- �garcls the losses in equipment and JT111teriel ..rhich t e 3rd Divjsion Pd suf-l'ered j n ;ts r0hCJ<1rsal. The" nni.ounterl. ron ;hly to 1.3 dulcNs , 19 105 1 s includi n!'.{ f'ire control e1uir"'1ent , '7 57rim rmti- tronk f;'l.ms 11nd ? 37 1 s . Fre sumn.h1y s0rici co""munic"tion equirnent '8.s lost, but r1et.nils h11ve not yet been +'urni"hed me . l)11r5.ng tre nir,1-it :r directer'l that Goner" 1 Luer> s, General Tru~cott , '1."'vrl representn.tives , GenP-rr-1 ·olfe "ncl otrers be '1SS9mbled h0re in order th,,t ,te night discuss, roint by roint, di+'ficulties encountered and b.1,8 the necessr>ry ster"' to see tri"t the;r ,·,oulG. not recur in the oreration. "It has 9.lunys been my t} our-'1t in roherirsing +"or these oper~tio11s th.,t tl 0 dr;,r r'm srould be b,qd , rnri thrt r1i -:;tr :es occurring b8 correctecl before the final O:'er 0 tio'1 . Th9 overFhelming r,-i "'T'1!1nPgeri(mt by the "Jrwy in this cn.se arra71~d ne . I.,~ convjnced t½rt Dost o+' the ni"'ficulties encountered nere due to ln.clc o"' rroper plrnn~ng, ½uttoninr; 11r ~nc' b·rinin--; on the vrt o+' Vie r"'-vy. 0 'Thi, rnorninr I hPve c'iscnssed tris r"-"tter ":th Gener~1 Lucr>s, Gener...-1 Truscott l'nr-1 otl·9rs ['11( qrrrnr,r;n "or t':1°ri to con"ront the ildrir, 1'3 ~Ylrl th0:5.r a~rnistants (Lo··ry) ;n order to ov"rc01;'} tlvv:·e di"ficulti",s . ::: hPve just tr>.lkod on the telepr one ~Ii th Ar,riirr-1 Lo-··r;,r nnd ~r.formed him tr,~.,t I am ri sto ni S ed ri.t sud· ,.,,-; ~M..,1'1.aP,P,r1r,nt • '.!:'i·u. ,Cott ~ 0 I UC" S "'T0 on t 8 :,,,,- "o,-. confer9nce ,vjth hiri . 1 r 11 '.!:'he ,...A-;--1...-coment o"' f'l,1,li.fT'lA..,t nf trA "rc'l Div; sj on h ~ er1bP 1·r~q:.Jer' m8 17e...-tly. It "n~ n"'ce::>s"r7 "'or ~,e to t,rl,9 t"rese ri1.1~·rs .;-ro7 thA lC Gorrs , 'll'o n0er10r~ them bfldl:r in the G'rigliano River crossing . It rer:nr· thrt I cr>n not "11rn~sh the '3")th Dj_vision ··;ith tre ,_,, duhrn ·<-r•:ic11 they need so brdly in tho-ir cross~ne: o+" t}1e R:cipido. I h~ve hnd to t1> 1<:" m11toriel from the 45th Div~sion '-rr·i_cl, ":ill 11e hf-1rd to r9plcce . I N1 r9cord-l11r: t' -is hrief outl:ino of nction tr ken ~ n orr1er t 1rt it roy be in r7 p9r:io11al record . •Uso 11otified Ge11eral Alexanc1 er . 11 11 Q,:,neral Truscott sent in r,n offici.,l rerort on the rehe8rse.l ;:,nd also sent a brief note to General Gruenther . Botl-i of these 2re quotec' belo tr: 1 The note to Gennrr,l Gruenther: 11 1 ,"'T'1 ta\ing the liherty o:' ;:,endin;:; this to you so th;:,t you "ill lrnol' how .;-rincy this ev·ercise re0llv W"S . ::'urtt9r, 1 tine is so short thPt senr:li'-iF tl-ii~1 to you c irect rrir>~f pive you 1>ncl tr9 Boss 1e time to CC'nsjder i.t before you roceive tl- o<'f'jcfrl copr thrt I'r -forwarding tbrough proper chr.nnels . "I believe thrit you 1mow r1e v,e 11 enour;h to -mov1.' th, t I ,muld not r.[l ke such a point unlecis I n ctur1 lly f'i:~ lt stronrrlv 1:1 bout it . J+" this is to be 8 "forlorn hope 11 or a 11 suicir1 e s.oshnyu tl-•=m o.11 I rrr-nt to 1mo i1 t},f't f11ct I./'.' so , I ' m ro~itive t¼rt t'1ero ::.s no outfit in t 1-10 rrorld thR.t ci:m do it better thri".l ne - even tl"ou~h I reserve :!"ir;J.t (personally) to believe we :-:iight deserve a better fate . u 1 1.• GenerR.l Truscott I fl official report follons: 11 1. To m-i1:ttarv f'orce con hop8 to f'ssault r. ' of011ded bench rrith prospects 1 1 �of succes s 1mless it cnn be l 0 nc1 ed on sl:>ore in tacticr-1 order rind rroper co·'ldition to onga~e j n coT'lb"t . •,- ercise ,just conclud9d t ; '" dnte disclosed so "'lnn~r rlefJ ciencies in thes'J 1"9'1rects t l."'t t11e neec1 for ::ic'di ti.on"'l fr1v£1l train-' 11g and ;,~proved orgr,··izrt,ion i'1 r9rfectl:,r ohvio1w . This exercise hnc been plArmed for the JalP.rno beacres in +,he vicinity of' Faest1 1r1 and this area h1:1c'l been Hccepted by th0 ·Tnv7. Les 0, th:m 16 hours prior to the exerci 1e the areP 1·r s ch...,nged to British bePches nortl-i of the Sele River for Uaval reasons , in spite of' tl1 e -f:Pct th:->t t½.e Pre11 inlirnd wi:1s entirely unsuitable +'or rel1enrsing the militnry orerrition involved in the 3d Division's part in the 11 3f.I'TGLE 11 operfltion . 0 11 2 . nut of 37 LCTs assir,ned f'or t e opern.tion, only 11 ,rent on the exercise; q srec:iPic LCTs sreci1:1lly rerp1ested, cPrrying tanl•s , cornmunication.s equipr1ent, anr1 Di.vision hnadquR-rtors , "mre not 1:1vrilr1 ble; 1 LJT car rying one <J.snai1lt coTT1rany ·ras not Pv;:;.ilnble . Son8 of th9 rnore sed ons poh1ts noted in the execution of the e--::ercise ~re: (a) 'Jo si.m;lo hattr>lion Jrndod on time or in formPtion . 1 aer1ents of the bePch P,sanlt hrttn.Hon o.c> tl,e 15th Infrntry ·rere lrndod rs "'allows: 0/i.L,5, L Compl."'ny "''1d hnlf' of HeQdriu;:irtors Company; 0500 , K ComrPny and hPlf of 1· Company; 0800 , hrl-r:' be...,ch nssPult l,d,tP}ion , ·ps lPnded first , between the hours of 0405 Pnd 0/,50 . Tbe 1st BPttPliM , ··11 ic°!" srio11ld have been the lr st bPttnlion to lr>nr , wos l~ndec'l b8t•-reen 0/,?5 Pnd 0610 . Corironies were l11nr'l.ed 11+, Pll points on Green Beacr , "S ell PS to the north r>nd south thereof . (b) Tr"ne::norts 1;,ere so ,~t<r o f sl- ore thrt rssrult crrift re-mired fron 3 to 4- 1/2 hours to reach the beach . (c) DHK"lS required 4 to 5 J:>ours to 1J.3rch anc1 , further, s-t le11st 1 /, TFKFS carTYi'Y1.g ? 17nm P'1d 2 57"'lm AT runs, were sw11mred . rres"mt indications Pre tr.rt Pt least 5 others, cnrryin,r; 105mm Ho7 1 s 1·ere 1."'lso lost . (rl.) ?o single 9le•i1cmt 1 'Ir>s lr>nded in hPnd and on its correct be11ch . BeAchcs '''ere n:issen b:r as much as l,OC'O yards . (e) Iracticallv no b:"irntry trcticnl vehicles ·vere lcnded . (f) Ho :inf<>ntry anti-t~nk mnrons , rirtiller·r, or tr:mv-destroyer .a,,.:ms rere l'shore by daylio;ht Pnd in position to mP.et enem:r iwtion. (g) Assnult crri.ft hench8d nt ,,J.ow sp~ed c1nrl stonr<ed ·crl,en g-.ronnded, forcinq, troops to diserbrirv in deep water unnAce--;sriril;r. (h) v-:rs . 'In tan1rs ·, ere ln.nded . (i) Crp_ft f'::, j lnd to report to tc.ke rn~iT"1rmtril commm,r ers from Ci) Prnct-i ca 1 .ly no use '7f' s nJ?de of LCWs or LCA.s to ferr:r troops ashore "rom LGis , nlthouo;h t1,-~_s rrocofur9 is includ0cl ~n the plan 'ln,, will \ �3\ undoubtedly be essenti/"l 1 in the oper.otion. (k) Ship-to- shore conmunic."V ans were ••efed,i ve , if not tota.lly (1) Th9 r9h9rirsRl rrovidnc no test +'or CCH'1l1Unicnticns , r11rticmlr1rly with reference to 1'nvn.l P,11.n+'ire . (T'1) Troop o<'ficr,rs 111_...,rt 01·s not "r iJr ble to Army personnel. Army of'f:icers in so.,1e en.sec PS 1'8d to use e 11list0d mens ' l"trine n.YJcl vrore barrec .,,.r()Jn r.... rrlroon . "3 . Tl e ·r.,,vnl sjoe of the 0.~srult orerrtion ras controlled .,..ror.1 the Risca me by the 'T[' v'11 Cori11n.nrler . The Di vision Co:1r.:n.nder, ···ho P ctu.-, lly conrrncls the ::-sseult troops , is A.ssig"l d a nritis)1 L<,I as He2d111.rrters ship . TJ-,e so-cPlloc Derut-r to t,}-,9 ·rrv~1 Coruri..,n'ier (vrho J,<>s never been so desirn~ted in · ritin1Y) hfls Y10ither stP,...,... , n.or cilitiT'~ , nor co·~r-n.micn. tions "or control o"' t,1-,,. c;lyi_~-ninr: involver:'l . ~o -rr,r r,s 1::>~Htv to ~Ylfluence the nssr>ult oreration, the •):ivi'1ion Co,.,,r nnder, is , :in effect , rierely ~ F'3senP'er . 1 0 0 00 1 0 0 11 1, . To lrncl trds Divi.sion on "SVI'Tl}:r,Ett 0eaches 8S it ·ras lnY1neo during this rel-iearsnl !O'lld be to i'1vite rl:i_s~ ster i.(' tre i:mom:r sl 011lrl counterr-ttack at dr-iylight wHh /,0 or 5C' tnnk, . There is no doubt thrt the -=:uccess of the operation "rould b"'l jeopnrclized nor t.hr>t t},e loss o+> l.i+'e "nd mnteriel 'lOuld be excessjve . 0 11 5. (a) In my or1nion, ti,ere is i:;rPVe ne~d +>or 11cdition"l trr>i"d.no- to insurr, tJ, 0t AS'"'ault troop, ··ill be lPnded in cc,nc1 4 tion to "'Ccor1pli::ih their . m:isslons . I ,..ecOT'1.I'l8nd a r8herirsal. 1 (b) 'Pre corriwmd orgrni,rn.tion ~ s obvio1rnl;,r c efecti ve . The comnanrler of' the as"lm"lt T'ivioion hns the respons~bility f'c,r the assn.ult; he has nr-i:.it .or cow1unicr1tions, -1' 0 cil~ +,ies, nor :iccess to ,TP.vr l cor~mr>11d "'or j_nfluencinr the onoratj on rrior to landinfs. 11 1.r-'ni:; the nir;ht Gener"l ";lr,rl,: decider1 thrt hn "mnld not put on the pro rosed drop of the 50l;th Inrn.chute !n"rn+,ry Reg~rnent "n thA ·e0rlv 'iorni.m; of D day anc1 thPt insteocl h,., ·muld drop it ,·,jth:1.n our o•;n l:ines on th8 riight of D da.y. The rlecision to "'/"1 1·e the 0:ror i:rith:in our o·:n 1i113s v'lP.S sub,i ct to reconc;iderPtion i-1. crise the G-=mer;:-1 kter considerecl it un..,ise . 0 /1. t 0~30 GerierR 1 Luc::i s arri vx1 , in res:ronse to Gr.mArR 1 Cln.rk I s surrimons . GenerP 1 Dev"?rs , Gen0ral G.9rrJTI0ll and Generr 1 Roo}"1 nl,:;o E>-rri V8cl . nd hPd a brief tall: "Iith Gener"l Clrir1c. Ge11errl . Dev9rs tivm lef't -~ith Colon0l Hrrrj son rind Lt . C:ol. C"mphell o+' 11is r.ePC1qu~rtqrs to visit T.'rench Corrs , nnd Grmer<>l GR"'1"1Cll vrent with Cantain L"mpson of General Clrir:V 1 s stl:!f'f to visit 10 Corns . /1.t 1030 G0119rri1 Glar 1c c ecorr>t-,c1 '"'2 rien ,rith tGC I s, L<~gio·"s of "erit rnc1. Silver 3tRrs . Th8 cerewon-r trok r lac9 in the I'1endo1·1 in f'ront of the Chief of Str f'f I s V'ln ,,;j th a 1ruPr~ of honor , i;onsi sting of R co"1p1rny of th::i 101st MP Br>ttn.lion and the Fj_fth ArT'ly Band . ':'h9 o"'+'icers "'1d n"m to b"'l r1 9corrted included Colonel "lutler, 'Jnn in commnnc;. of th9 1/.i-th Di-rision , Lt . Col. Denholm, Bri~ . Gen . :ilb11r p7.rl Color,el Krimmerer . 1 I},en tJ--9 off·i ccrs [" ·'lrl 119n to b8 rricor..,ted v10re 1 �assembled General Clrr'lz, icrho vms About to go to his rositfon in front of the men, saio to Captain Be/'.1.rcvrood in P cor,m::cncl tone, fl Get dovm there E>nd strmd up with tl-•ose men to be decoroted. 11 Ca.ptt ~n BeRrdwood rlid not \,n.0 ·r thPt the eve11j ni:; before papers hP.c b9en comrleted to 1T''Jard him r,nd Cpl. Tn-,,nenbaum Silvnr 3trirs t:'or rr.olle.ntry At the Selerno lenr1 ing for bringing ashore vitally needed signAl eauipment . · He sair to GrmerPl Clr-rk, "'1JhPt did you say, sir?" 'i hereupon Genriral Glarl,c said, flDo as you r>re told" . C::i.ptain 13e~rdwood went do·m and stood with the men to be decorPted Pnd received his Silver Stnr at the h~nas of the Army Commander. 1 1 In the eveninFt, Grmeral C:l11rk hr,d t,·rel ve dinner guests. They included most of the hi~her militPry leac'ers o.f tre r1e0Uerr,.,nean the.?ter. Before going to d.:i nner the !'.:;nests met at the hut. Tresent ,-,t th0 dinner, in 11.ddition to Generals ClRr\: 811d Gruenth8r, were: From IY'J, AC 1 lF, Generals AlexPnder, Harding and Lemnitzer; from the Perliterranean Fenfquarters, Gener2!s Wilson, 1'evers, Gammell and Hooks; froq the Air :F'orce, Ge11er~1s Eaker, Crnnon o.nd House . The dinner, 1 rhich was s0rvr;d in Gen,ernl Clnrk 1 s unpr9tr-mtious mess shnc}i::, l8st8d over P'1. hour and si..,ortly therePfter, · Pfter returnin~ to the hut, the guests ,1 eparted. * * CA.)~RTA--JAHUARY 20, 1941.- -GenerPl Clark depPrtecl from ris ac~w,nce corn.mrind post at 09.30 this morn 1 ng and flew to II Corrs Heac1 ri_uflrters, where he conferred crith GenerPl }(r,yes, the Corps CommRnder. Returning by cub, General Clnrk arriv':!d bac1.r at hi:., Heaclqunrters at 1130. Instend of us:ng the sm11ll Caserte artillery a.irffold, Q9nernl ClPrk utilized n n11rrow roR.d in the comFrand post area as his t2l:e-off end landine; strip. TJpon his return, he conferred with Colone 1 rhillips, Public RelF1tions 0fficer of Allied T.'orce Feadqw,rters, rind Lt. Col. Clark, thE:i Fifth Arm~r FR(. ~rot Jrno,virlP; the stPtus of tbsi co:rnn.and o.c> Oreration A"TVIL, Col. Phillip:: had ,-.rr.:itten asking th~t Colonel Clork's services be turned over to him for a special operP_tion . GenerRl Cl11rl:, lmowinc; thrt Colonel Fhillips "!PS referring to A~flIL, the vory operetion thnt he is set up to comrr1rnr1, t."lked over public rel8tions plans ,·•ith the t.-,o public relPtions officer"' Pnd agreed to detach Colonel /J1Pr 1" for sp8cial plr-rnninr: for Op:"r"tion A',TVIL r,bout Fehrl1?r;r 15th. The Fifth t rmy Gomrnr>.nner i:i lso dj scusserl i: ith Colon8ls rhillips Pnd ClR_rk the release of informetion concernin<; the irrmirn:mt Operation ::mr'TGLE . He stressed th"'.t it must be brought forcibly to thP- rnblic I s attention thPt this is a Fifth Arny oreration, an integrnl mil.itr-1.r7 pnrt of the rusb Plong the, present front. Colonel Fhillh,s P greed to :3tre::s this f,:, ct in "'n on-the-recorc b,, ckground press conf'en=mce thAt ,fill be h0ld tomorrow. Generri 1 Clr,rlc noYr ['lens on takin:; two correspondents vrith him r.boPrc' the FT bo."t on D dny, one P.merican c1nd one British . 1 Generr:il Glrr 1 hr;d Colonel,:, ihill"ps Pnd ClArl, , flC'.' ,1is luncheon r-;,J.ests . Pollo,,inr llmch, G/'.mernl Clark went -into A. co>1f'8rence ,·,ith Q~ia~rrls Gruenther end BrRnn, and lPter they "rere joined by GfmerRl Luces. G'en8rP1 Luc8s had COJ'l1e f'or a lnst TT1jnute '-:ord from Grmer-:;1 Clr>rk before r;oi11g jnto "TA.plGs to board the vessel th11t ri1l tAke him on C'rerrtion 3IIrfGLE . 1 �"As " rr:sult o-f' tho J.rmy--~f:'VY ccnf8r'"3nC'3 ye'1t8rr!ry tc i1'1V:c,t:i.g:c.te misr,rin~P""Tf1Gl1t ci,..,f'l loss o+> 8auirra9'1t nn.rinO' r9herrsr>l of "r' i)iv~"'ion, rrPcticrlly f:11.1 ro:i.nt'1 ;n il_1.J.8Stio'1 ~mr9 r1 ~"'CUSS(➔(1 0 n/ srtic-f.-,ctor;r ,olntion'"' Prrived c>t •rrereby these S8.'."19 errors . ouJrl 1-ie r1in-'mized 0 ,1r-'11p; tr9 orer:>tion. I lir->ve t:'llked with G""nrir·l T,ucPc; tJ.i-'s rintr>, r:dor to 1 js r1 er'1rt1J.re +>or the "3hip, "nd l e is rtis.-.i0d tJ,-,f't evnryt1-1 ~nr; h"s been rlnn9 b-r the •·pvy to fr,c~.litrite the l::i.n,li nP' . GenPrP 1 Truscott has bee"' ~0ver to t 9 Biscr->yrY3 --~th f' sn°ll nurnber of ris :::tn"f . I hn.-re ~n:f'crwid Gennrr,l Luc"''"' tlrt I "'ill <1.rrive rt r1 out oqoo 0'1 D clay at tho iscn.'1'19 ·"or cr-ri.+>ere'1ce yd or to go~ ng ns'10re if tho tr> cticnl situr>tion p9,,.nits . 1 0 1 tt'l'h:i fr ilure o+> tl-i.0 .,ttP c1 0-0 t 1,e /"iStJ~ "'i.v-' don to reacb its obj octive r acrO"S t e Lir~ Riv'"'r t0Hr.rr"' tli8 Sr-ri .Ar11,,,.o,...,.io ,ms ri.11itr:i [1 ½lo"!. J '."'A.'1 +>e8r+'ul th'lt Gr:me:r~1 ·'rT1'8S"\"!Orth hric a "'9ntr1 .,,..93n>•vntio>1 ~s tc t)l() or;sjb-ilities o+> ciuccess o+> bi.f> or9rr-tion. Tt "08'llc to 1e r.n inh"r9rt nrr>ctj ce ,•j th liim to ttPc"k ·lith r1;nirn1m •·orc9s, ··itb the -,...esrlt ti~,t 9 ~3 re 11lserl ··ith 7o,ses, 0111 11 to "1£1 1,,.e :'.t '1.ecessPr~r to se<1d ;n r·erviPr "orcgs 1Rt"1r to do tl-iA c-,9r1e ,ioh. It is thfl 1uestion n+' "si::nrlino-.., ½ov tn r1o £1 "'l""n's ,job". Ie id tie <:!p"lp t},-·'1.,.. i11 +,he ratt,,c'· on ..mmt Gedro, ••·l--,-,re 0n9 or t· o cornp nies Fere se"lt, re:rulserl, anrl a l<>rger "orce sent in to c'o the job. ~ flP.n to TI Cori's, +'0elinF th,.,t ' t vrPs necessPr;r to d;sc1 .J.S" "!~th G'"n,.,...,,.,l i' 0 ye:s -1::,},P. results o+' this +'pilure, for " 7 +,1101 1 :~h t A 1,Sth Affort •-rc11lc Pot e11.+,ir9l· 1 "VA ·n rotect9c• ris lef't f'l['nlc, itci f"i1ure •·oul•' l_9r•ve :it Antirel·r uncovP.rerl r1ur:i. o- his crossi,,g o.o tl·e R"pj do Pi vnr . As e. res11lt o+' ny con+'ereYJ.ce 1 1~ tb K•Jyes, J h;:iv9 r;ent thP- -"ollo d·1p- clirectiV9 to Generrl r·ccr0er;r. 1 "I s0nt !}-"n.er"'l Gr119ntrP.r lw rlPne to see ''cCrnery, ho feels th"t the <>ttn.c 1 ' o-1' +ho Y)th .,.,ivi::don } ~ci little chm1ce of rucce"s on. ncconnt o+' tl--e '19nv r ,,ef',msj ve riosi tion of ti·1e A1:l.8"':r ..-•est o+' trr:i Re...-i_do. t rr iDt" in ti,,,.,t ~ t ·s 0SSA'1tiqJ_ t}v,t, T T•r 1 th..,t rtt'1C +'11lly A:;mect~_nr: }19QV" losses in order to 11.0 lr1 ,, 11 -':,] e trooyis on n:r ~rn'1t Pnr7 c rr.,. roor0 tn .· t, thPre i...,; cle~r-' nn- t},,, •·1ey f0r pr;GLB. The Pttn.c'r -~ S ori . 11 ri, _r "l. ::n orclAr to .c,rici.1~t<"lte th:i nttrclr o+' tre ''\J: ,0 P,iv9r ,, jch 'ill be eP11n b•r 1) 'J II Gorrs rt ')oro 1 cnrs +,l'is rnte H i"' di.rc➔ cterl i:,l,..,t the !"1S Divi cio11 bo ~ ssued ., n--;trur:t:1.0'1S '3 Pollo S: r !!• rro ½rvr:i t,.,o PC\ P.ri.p;Pd8 f'ni,.,:, .., cross~,,.1 0-!' the G'?IrrLIJ'PO Riv,9r to11icrJ,t 0 0/0 1 ;rn-ri1rr:r, in tb'l 1rrne Pren"" t,J-,nir rrs~ul_t o·" tlii:1 r:vor ·-r0 C'''11111.ct9rl ri rht 10/')o ,Tqnurry. ..--,V9-.CY effnrt . ; 11 be, 1"1'"08 to ; ,,, iC' +,c, thPt th;s ·•ill 11e q lrirse-scn1e oro ·sing . ]2. Fold onP brtt;lio<1 0f t'1<=i l . N Bri~"de rPndy on c"ll f'rom the Co 17 nin.n. inn; Gener"l, II Gorrs, to ''K'VP, i.11to tl-e ::>re" ''et •e9n ''a-'vcrr LIRI ~nd •i ver G".,,..igHano ( c,:_,nter of r>reR. GO.>S71?7) tC' -rr0t9ct ti,,,, left of II Corrs. '],is 7,n-':,tnlio·1 1 ✓ill not 1-ie usAr'l to r::-:;s.nult tl 's locriljt•r, but •·•i.11 br:i mow1d thGre tr relj e~_r9 r battalion of the II Gorrs vrhich will heve prcw5 ously occupied the area. �£• Be pr epr r ea to surport by .(>ire the II Corps f' t tPc:lr . netr,ils of this supportine; f'ire to be arrrnw~rl betv"A"1 the Cor1ririnc1 -i11p- GPr10r~1c;, '<')th J)jvision (rJ. 3 . ) rnd /~6 Divi:::io11 ( 13r) . "2 . II Cor:rs hrs hnen ,-:i11.t,l orized to ''moke 01:Jser v'l-<-ion south of the T{iver LTRI in zonn o+> 10 Gorrs . 11 FolJ.o•ri11r' tln ri-ieti:np; ··it:-- G"'nGrrl Lucr>s , Gr-,'1 errl Cl.,rk n,ceivnc1 his Jude;e l\rJvocr>t9 , Colonr:il ' 1ickr:1Yr::-iit . A dert' "'Ant0nce 1"'or t 1"0 Tt...,li"n::: -Pound r,1:lty o.,.. 9SfiO"f'C'9 hrs b,9e11 decrP.ed hy G"'ner'l Al0·,cfl 1Y1 nr, "'1d G·3rter 0 l Clrrk is crPrP,'Gd ·ith r.in. 1dn't -nl.!'.!'1:0 .f'or t:1e e:recutior . Th0 t•'T() :rt~l~pn, nre to go be+>ore a f':i_rinO" sound !"t 1000 tomorrow . T11ero 'ill be no rictu:re-:; ::--nd no WEIT corre.sronc011t~ pre::;9·'1t, b11+, r y11hlic relr -J:,j ons o"""icer vri 11 brief the corresr,ondents concerning tb11 e'recu+ ion . Lnte 111 t,J-,e ...,.r-t0rnoon Gen0rPl IJL..,r 1..- ::>lso co:nferred ,.,.•th Ge,..,nrr1 ''or,qn C0'1.Cern:in17 s~ rtnF 1 rr0hl 0"']', on. Crer,n+.ion <"'FI'.GLE . * * * GA::r"'-qTA-- .JArWAR.Y ?l, 19/J~- - Aln1ost bAfor0 be '7'1S out o+> b8d tris "lorri~ng, Genern l (a.,.r1 rece5 vecl P JFte · ,.,te 7.lj "9nc..., ;~ei ort 'from Colo11el HonPr'' . The ,;: ·ertl er todr.y is C;Oorl , •ritb orily 8 "'ll:ir,ht t,!:lzo nt nbout 10 , 00C' feet, ~no the i•y1 ic· t~cns Pr<'.J t'y,+, the •19pt,]-,nr <ill bP ,~it]:-, tl A Fifth Prrrr:/ nhrm OrerA t70'l. "",JPJGTZ'a i..s lannched ePrlytomorro" nor.,..,~11P". Colonel 1io•rird 1 s rr,Tort 1 sho'l''S th..,t tLe G0r'1[1ns nra d,il1 r0,i11.forc:lnr: c c:n ~n the Cr ssino-Rer-ido (}r,r:i.p-l.in.no "'eeion, nnr'l t js ~s f'l1. -;.,,.c]jc"ti.011. th£'t tl-e GPr"lPns ,<-·.-.e -f'rlE:nr; +>o:r tl is ""ove to dra:v troors "rorr. tl10 ·ireR. ~hPr8 the 'T J"'11,... ~ .-orce ·d 7.1 inv"d8 . 0 '::;hec1{in[l' ovnr 1'.' t rn~ nute rlr'ir ' Gencr<' l s1~r1✓- cori-f'errPC' "nr ~ O"'" trnn >1onr cluT.; '1c- the morn-; 11. c- ·-ith Gnnnr"t. ls (}ruenther f111.cl Brr nn. GrmAr~ 1 :'r nn y•ill he PCCOT"P<'D;T7 n (1-c,nr>rrl GlPr 1 r tn tl1 e ·in•TGL~ hP"crread -~0P1orro , "nd G"'1er"l Gru,.,rither 1ill b<3 rnr."in·nr rt "'·ftl1 Army J'e-vlqu..,,rtnrs . "l,.., I G0nerrrl Cl..,r~ receiverl GenPr''l Gu 7 llnn!'lA, Co,.,"'",..,ri'1P' C1n'1ertil of th'3 '1-ouris . GenerPl Gu"lltur1, ?rriv"!rl. in Jtrly v03tercry , "nrl 1,11 ·ill be ioinin~ G nerPl ,Juin 11 stRff . G0ner,l c1~r'r rl~CCTY'ed ··iti /}011errl Guillruri9 , vrho FPS r· r>cor'lpr>n-i.9(' to +,\-i9 Grmerql 1 9 '/"1n hy Gc:ine-r"l 1lc:il1Cl9r nnd Colonel Sr ltzr1Pn , tl-e emplo~1T1ent o-f' Go1mc; R.lonp- the I'i fth Arrviy fro11t . 0 Follo•·i11'1 the G11jllR' 1 "'1P c,~n.-"r"'·1ce , G"-'ner..,l Cl"rlc r0cejvocl his Iub1ic P."ll[lt1011s f .(>f'icer , Lt . Co • Cl..,,...,,, to obt, in , r9J ort on tr•e nr9s"" cor,.-9rence thrt G';'18rPl ~1il-,on held tl ~s =orn~11:-: ~n th,=i Crsertn. J.-,Jpce . Colonel Cl::irk rero-rt9r t},nt r'ren.er; 1 11 :i lson €;[''!'< t 1'19 corresronr1 P.nts 8. I101'8 or le" '3 detr- ilAd • .t:> • • "T,., b rl.P.Llng on n perP +ion ,,•T '"•-'·' ,qnc, + l' T,[C))'J tbn+, trjs "'lPS a h'ifth ~rPly,., OVl vn ( , fl. (iff\T9lor,,,'3rt o-"' th9 rres'3nt r'l"'t' UT' trn Liri Vr 7 l8y tow1rrl Ro-,,,9 P.'1d th.ot the f'j c.rhtj ng cnmmanrler 0 .. tri ':: S-r:9ci,"l or0r"tion "OUld be C'w1er;, 1 c1,~rk. G9rerr 1 CJ "r 1r '1 l"lo 8rrrovod [' srec~.., 1 C01"JT"U'1"; QU') OY\ CDP.rev on sµ::• GL~ th['.t Hill be re19,'lSecl tor.1orrow at "hPtev9r t 1 ''IA ~.s r1 0cic1 e0 ur,011 '1y G"'neral C1Pr1c. Anothr,r Morn.; 11,,. caller 11:-i.s GoJ . f'-i c 1re 1· r it , •·rJ:-o 00'1-r'i=~rrerl , rj th (},3r.0rP 1 Clur r c~ncer~~ nr: r-:mr:l D'' con-rt ,.,.,,.,rti --1 er ses . Th8 t •ro It" liPn -=-pies mentio11ed yesterdn.·r '7ere e'recut'3d rt 1100 l'01lJ'S th:i~ "1(Tni'1.P,. As Ms lunchPOYJ. ';Uest �General Glor· had r:S j. Gen. La-~ell ! • Rook", G-3 o+> ITeorlqurrt8rs CentrPl 1'.edit9rrR.n3.'1"' Forces (h0re:1,yf't,'3r T'P,ferrerl to r.s rn J\CMF, Gsmorrl r11s011 1 s 1 He'l( qu.,rters 9nd t]:,9 --;ncces::-or to A'i'Fn) • Ge>Y>r-:il Clnrl, c i sc11.'1s9d Yith f}nnor91 11.ooks the or"['niz~tio'1...,l l·iero.rcby E'S jt <'rrlies to TtPly. Gener9l G-rwmther ioi.n8d n-~11._.,r,.,ls 'Jkrk [Pl.rl Roc 1'"s ~-'1 r r i.scussion of orgnnizntionnl ~-,,.o')l8"1S "t th8 l1J_ncheon table. Durj"'f" the d'1.V Lt. Col. Sutho.,...1,-.nd .,,,erle J.rr::t r,innte rlrn2 for the depf'rt·1re nt 05(1C'A to~,orrff' of' the Fifth ~ rm:r C0"1ffi:'1nr1 er rn0 l1j ~ str>ff -f'or th9 re,a,jon of np0rPt·on t·TT,GLE. (}0ner...,l C;l,..r1· 'rill r;o b7 c~r to t}on to'm o+' CPstel ,Tolturno, borird a stor~ i--iort tr"re rnc' 0'() a~rroyj,11,ntely 1,000 V'f'rr's ·r,-,st the TTJOUt}, of' t}ie 'lolt11r'1.o 1-iere re "ill bo,rd the TJ • .-. • ·r!""IV'r rT llo"'t 1?01 ,nnd thAn speed nortli unler" --irec-i,-,1 t'1"r cover to the 'iT-ITJ\Tf'rL"L~ corriP-rv'l. s1,·r, the T"3isca:me. In th""J ln.te ,;1J't ,rnoon th8 G,..,nr,rri 1 receiv8d . ., cnll .('ror" Joe r;. Bro :m, Lefty Gor9z, '""rer1 Corcor;,n, Jrcv Shrr '--9Y ::ind 1, jor "ovotn;v. TrP Pirst four rnu1ed r,..0 t011ri'1!! tJ19 t,rcPter 9n_t9rtr-irdn-; <1oldi9rs. ThA Gr,ner8.l "8.S photogrFnhecl ·jt,h ti is grour w} osP vi--iit ""'PE' rP.nder9cl so~,-31;,hr-t r1 rf'mrt--:c hy t!-·'"e fPct t1'rit 'r. Bro..m's son h,ic-1 bf=Jen k:il --id i11. "ction jn th8 South T rc:fjc, wrirl "r. 'lrovm hrs cont~nuou::,ly devoted !-'in ti""e s_.11ce thrt v0nt +,oh-is rerform::,,·wes "s 9. ,~or~cl:i.nn for m0Vih"'rs of the nrriec' forces. 1, 0 :-:r the enrly eV8'1.iPr -1)18 A.rny Co"'lr-i,.,nder for :'1.S9rt::1on ~n his d"Pry: 11 fj ctr>ted the follow~ng r1 rt.,.,ri<>l :•atters "cc11.pyin,r. my Ptte'1.tion ,ri,...,rr:llv tor<>y ···ere [IS follorlS: t1As ·ws P 1t-iciyiR.t8d, henv•r resistrmce ..,.rs 11co·mtn.-rec1 to th8 '.3'1tr Divisio11 cro·1si11u cf' tl e Rrrido R:'...vor. ~cc1;1.rqto rme!'ly Prtjller'r .t>-'r0 destroyed brirlp;9s PS thwr ·nr9 9r9ctAr'. It 19c,.,r,., nece3sPr;v, 71:ter in the c'ry, tc ··it},r1ra,·r t,i1 e l/,3rd, but tl, 0 lL,lst, north of '3Pn ~1,~010, I"['--:nt,.,iY1.e0 its -rcsitio1;., nn.,1 r,·"'fOJ~ts to r0i11"'orce i+, 1••pr8 t~ tr ,.G r 1 rce t ~s rf't"'rnoon. ThA lL~Jrd v•As to an across ::-c;r"n r-it 1600. T hr>VA tr-i.l1'9d -,it,J-, I eyns prr.1 :rot o'1ly ~resterdr>y but tode:r d:irecteo h':n to be11d e1nry e·"f'ort +.0 ~et tn:•., 1·s ",-,a knl: cle~tro;trers across rromrtly. 0 11 Sorie "('VnJ1~03 118re nrr1o north [''1<'1 south. I look t0 t,i-.,..,t rittr'C 1 " to hold U 1 8 1rd J ;:,nzer G-renN1 i8r J!j_v:ision on thrt +>ront. :'." t'l sn looJr to co1 tinuf'ti.on of.' tl-ie attf'c'· b•r 10 Cor:rs to l107 cl the !-0rm11n Go9ri'1g, 'J9th f''1d 'l/"th Div=.sio'1.s :in pl"C9. It is o1,viou;:: to re rio7 tb,t t e he0,ry 0-.ie111y r0i:"l"orcer1ent o-f' the 1 Gnetn area ,fls c ue to ~~ s :rnp~essio,1 tl:['t t 0 f!ros::,inr; o-"' the Gcir:i ,.,.liFno Rjvnr io1 1ld bo cnrnb 4 riad ·ritl·, 9'1 Pmfhi.1)io11s lrnd:nr:- i"1 stren~h in GPeto Bty. 111 Te hrve no ind:.c" tio,-,,~, !1.S yet, +,r t t 1y, 0 Pernr l,f'V8 cl i ,3cover<;r1 tbem. In ·"?ct, there n~p no 4 nc'icntioriG o"' "1"1'T 1rind thrt rn 1·no·"J~ of our ~v~'TGLE lrndj_l'}P'. T 9Xf8Ct dur;1,s:i; -1~1 8 n.;(;rt 1 '18 will i:u,t SOJTI': ·rord of A. sl·ift in riG c'lis0 1 �rosition tc mnet this attP c1r -Jj th r1ore stren~h . TPl1'ed ,. :ith G- 4 rritr r81s~r<1s is ..,b~ ljty to urrlv the lrn_ ~ effort of the 1i'-ifth A.rViv shnulrl r-i rr,-,ic7 one'"'ly 'lith rP"Tf'l tnke rlri.ce . 0 "I hrve Put}1 orized hi:n to ~:i..-,n to trike truc 1:s +>ror, all units not directly enr-;"' ged :in t11e fo llo"-UT' . TrJlced 'Iith Brann ,,jtJ1 rem'1rc1 s the r>ror.Tess of hj_s,. 1;lnns for :i raricl followup of ·"''1 enemv ,rithr1rR.vrnl Pnr· t},e rossible utilizntion of 7 revburft 1 s 'Tew Ze:=>1'1nd Divisio·1 Fhen we rercb .tho Soprrino ~'rea . 11 Routo /!7 anroers to be out of the qur>st:ion, r>s the "'lnin rur~uit route . Innunr1 ['tiorts jn the rirl"shos anr' tl,e m['ny c11Jvert3 Pnc l:lridr;es in th['t Rre.o, ,·rill ,,.enr:ler it unusn.ble . Ho'·•ever, •··e 1,71.ll use it if possible . I hRve directed the Chief of Stnff , in m;v nbsence on SHINGL"S , to direct corrs to fo110'"l up V1.e P.l1.8T'1;T relent1essl ,r -i_n the 8V9nt of [' nithdrnyml. Discussed vrith r•tt the :'irct comf'!uninue . it clearod by 15th Army Group ,s -"ollovrs: 11 Har• I 1lritisli r11.rl ~rnericrn troops of {}e-ner'"'l Clnrk 1 s ?if'th Army lPnded eRrly t,his r,1orning on tb0 vrest COP st of ItP ly d9ep in -the rear of rresent eneriy "'ront l 4 ne ros:i.tions . ·raw 1 l"lnd -:i;_r -'-'orces c1re :mpnorting the ground troops. 1 1 7 1 The l· nc1ini was coordinf"'ted vrith strong rttricks ½y other n..11its of the ifth Army, :incl,1ding Briti"'h , •--rcmch and ,.,,,,3rfoan , in the LIEI Van,,iy. 'The nm-r.hibious r.ttncJ,. began before da·:m vrith Allied troops o+> the Fift],, Army ~o5_ng ashore fror.1 landi'W crroft nlong a beach front extending severPl mil9s fro '1 north to south . Br 4 ti"'h Corimrmr1os and AViericrn R;:ingars , re pPrtj_cjpntj 1r in tris assault . 1 1 ' The operations in It8.l~r are under the clirection of GAner::>l Alexancer , Cor'lmander o:" tl~e Allied Ce-ritrril 1".editerrrnerin Force (fornerly 15th ,~rriy Grour) . HI will try to rr>0io bf1c1" Ford to relerose H by 1000, rrovidi'1P' s::.tmition is sr>t:i.sfactory in :-WIIJGLE . If no v:ord. j s receiver1 from me , Pnd othr;r indj cations rece;_ved by the Grief of 3taff indicnte th..,t the lrmc1 jng is successful, he will release i_t pt, 1000 . Discussed ·1itr G- 3 tre build-up f'or SHJTGI/~ . rrvr Corns hrrn sent in th,:dr priorities for tu_rn riround of LSTs . Their pl?n Ppnears to be too hePvy ·i_n servi0e troo~ s . Ho,·mver , 7,,,. tre sj_tm tion p,rr its, I "rill adhere to their re1uest, u+, '"'nould conditions aeem criticrl , I ''ill substitutt"! the 179th Comb,.,t Tew~ of the 45th Division for certoin ser vice 1mits . 11 0 * 1 �f .J.. > . ;:.,.. . l:l., \ >' .... ~~ C, ,, " ..... . , u �311 ~ f'<'-°'Ji.s,.{.; ~ Ci SERTA -- JJl'TF~RY ?:1 , 194/+--In the snnll ho 11rs of J"lo rn _, "' land~nP' bep;nn to come in by rar'io . A courl8 of' rAr-rP.s'3ntritive on quoted: t:: ,,,_ At ()1C'5 t}ie ·' "'ollo"1in~ :r,essrige C"J11e in from GeY\eral Luca~ , Con,rrr-,nding VI r:orrs . As ['_ c iriosity , tl e orip;h1[' 1 of th" cr--,wmtional code bet"'een the GenArrils is quoted: 1 1 \ \ I \ I 11 "7eE'.tb,r clei•r , sea calm , little '"'inrl , our presence not discovered . inr.:s in prop-ress . no reports fro.,..., lA."'Jl i ngs yet . 11 11,nd- At 0'310 the -f'ollo T1.'1P' arHJ.tio 1Pl w~ssnge crrme in: 1 1 11 La.11dino-s '1fper,r to he rroc8cd 4 rir-; on schP-duJ.e . First troops hnvr., hit beach . 'To reports fron lf'nrPn("s yet . TrooT'S lrve 5tnrted to lr:.nd o~ yello·v 1,en.ch , red beach rind green beach . n At apnroxi"TJfltel:,r 0S00 the Generr>l left Ii.is co1°mr>nr1 T'OSt ::>nc1 joined G8ner1:l Alex8nder nnd. other stnff of'ficers nt the ralPce a11n w:mt to Castel Volturno -rhere the rest of tre pE>rty hacl n lrP-:>ny embarl-ceo. f'or the ITs . The rr-irty consisted of Gen8rPl GlRrl-c, G'meral A.lexa;1der , n-e,19r} :fouse, GenerPl Lemnitze,,. , Gener::il Brann, GFm"rril Do11ovnn , Lt . Cr;l. Lazqr , T"t . Col. 1nt~9rlnnd , Lt . Col. ells, ~'n ior .Tack-son, GA.rt~in Portunr•to nnr1 Lt . "9erl, USllT. T}1e rPrt-r ,.,,,mt to +,he fT T-loPts JJ')0l , ')16 P'1d ;::>1~, w•1d tb9 +'lotiJ la stnrted north -f'or Anzio nt 0630 just as thAr0 1 ·'AS liP-h_t enoucrh to 899 th9 ·,1ay. r-. ~-rit-"ir9 escort of -f'our flf'nP-s had b0An rrovided by the YII Air Surrort Cor m11nr1 , P11d thP- flotilh ,rps not molested by enemy nir attr,1cks o>-i tr9 w<iy. Of'f Gercio Joint tho e>1g:ine on 0Y\9 0·"" the es cortinp; SpiV'ires ...niler'l, r>nd th.8 T'ilot ntternpt0d to lr,nd on t½e sen . rrn.,c,ortu11r1tely h:i c11J1;e in rt n.11 [P-letle thr>t was sliri:rtl:,r too stee:i:, dove intc tl-e water :md 1-iis rlnn8 irnrri.0di.'.'telv sank . On9 of' the 1T 'RoRt'i 11'1n the otrer three Sritfires soArched tre rir9[', l111t no sii:;n of' the rilot or r.l.'.'''le w:=i.s seen e•,:cept for A. pool of oil . As the Arrw Cori,.,,nnder »roceer1 erl toward ,'\nzio, he received a number of' bullet:!.ns f'rom G9n9rP.l Gruenther, relryinp; to Generr> 1 Cl;:ir1r nessoees sent by General Lucas . i\t 0735 G9ner"l Gruentrer rPdioed to Generril GlPrk, 11 r0 AT Gr.:LS Y,:,~T, G'l'J'J' <;J/1 JnE'I''l'~ , 11 "1h:i.ch , being tr9.nsl11.t0d mes.nt , 11 1-'o tn.n1-cs :,et ::,cro<Js the Rarido but th9 '3ril Div'si_on q,,d 1st Jivision att,,,c1<s 11,...e oini:; ~ ell." At Of-550 Gerr,rp 1 Gruent]-;"'r rr,c1 ioed thqt tre 15th r>11r1 7tr 111.,rintry Ref;i"1ents we:re r lmost on their ol-:l_jectives 11nd trrit tl1 ere wa:, no enemy orrosHion. 0 I I I l Th8 flotilla continuer1 to tre nc-,...tlmest Pnd ,,;t]o11t inc:ic1 e'1.t re~ched the Biscry,-ie 11.t 0900 . There , (}nn9rnl Glark "rent r s,.,ort t.;~e in the nrerotfon_s Room ['nd, ;vas n1er-ised to hear thflt tl·e Jrrl ;"livision 'JPS cor1pletelY ashore, n.nd one Brigrde of' the Br:;ti.sh 1st Divisio11 "fl.S .o.shore on its "-Vm heRches . Tbe RPni:;ers h-"'d successfully lrinded rind U8re occupvino- A'1zio 'fl; ch vms receivinq '"p0r9r ic ~hellfire . Ge11erri 1 Cl/'.lrK tl" ~n left the 'RfacAyn~ on h-i s l T r.nd ~rent ri s f'nr j nshore fl s the derth of m.tor ,··011ld nermit . Lt . } atterson , skirr,9r of' the t?0l , hniled 8n LCI(l) ,•rhicl1 continued OY\ toward ::ihore untj 1 it ri;ro'mded on r b['r . Grm9rr,l c1~r1r then \ hR5 led .ri r;:i.s:=d.11.rr d11"l(!v, tre rrrty trAnsferr8d to t 1 ;_s vehicle and so cr,rne ashore drvshod at trie junction of R9d 2.nd Gr8en Beciches v,here tre 3rd Division hf'd �1Pnr1ed . 'I'he br,rbor Tif'-l.S "ill9d 11 -ith -hirdnf)" o"' <ill 1dnc1 s , wit Li':I ' .3 c'i'='ChRrgina- "'+,111:1dv ·":iles ()n solr'l.ierc •nho ",er e VT'"'r1jn'; "Sl·or3 , t}·.-,i 1~ r-i-"l11s b-=ild "hOV8 tJ19 ,mter . Du};:,·1s pnrl oU ""lr vehicles ·1-re ''"'9in-o- 1 ml o:<>, 1 ed, qrir 9 on r"rnr s rind "'O'll•" directly into tre F ter, !->er"! t ey !'"n f'C'l-o-,,,e, ·t),,.,n1rs to t}.")ir Yl"t9rrroof inn; . ''\1e rie"ch YIPS nnt C' 11f.,.,st<>rl . -~i.r8 netti.na rPd lv"en 1R-ir7 dovrn on P :coqd le'"ld:i.nr :across ·!)1n c;n>y1 rhnss -l_:.o· '":Y' l t,h':l 1rd .,. ivisio'1 CO"'lM"n.d ro---;t . The (}r:ner87 C0T"M-nr1Peren. r j8PT', r:1r', it11 (1':)'1f't''ll T"nn, ,"'"ent '"'bo11.t n riilA ,--'1d 'l fl lf ::inlnnrJ. to •ris-it the 1rr1 r··visio'1. C0"1IO'"tnd ror;t ,~ere]•'") ccnf'9,-r~r 'ith l}r-nerPl Tr•rcott . Genor"7 t!ou"'A, r;.,,nArri.l Do"O'/"'TJ. . r r1 ot)1<>r -trf'-f' o-"fic r.s nrited fer tre GAn.9rri.l on tl"e ·he<>ch . Tiro 1-io.,..1:i-i11"' rn-:c s occurred, onA .iu"t before <>Y)d one dnr-;_ncr tre Gen0rrl ' s vici.t F,hore - 0'1.9 rAruJ.tjnr, ~_n bo,.,,h r1PT'lf'!"l'P tor f'lor,tjng r"l""fl r.nd anoth0r estroyinr P.n LC: . The G,.._,,y,rrl ' s i 0 ep r:-s bit hy a lPrge r,ntj a ;_r~r" ·"t 91-11:i 71 f',,..q rr,ent , ""'o-,,,ti111."tol:r ~,~ +,hout dr mR ;., to 9'1'T0"1e in the Ge11er"' 1 1 s pnrty. At a>Jou-l::. 1130 tre f10ner"l rr:turncd to tl e conu-rnrl shir, Riscr-yne, 'here he rnet GA"!.errl Lucas anri Ad1'"1irrl Lo'TI'Y l'l~r' conf""lrrcd ·7it1,, tiv~m for "or,,,, tiT"le . G<=m9rr,l D0nov<>n le-f't ..,ith 1 T .11?18 011 "'1 1.ndependent :r1.i."'sion, "'1d nt ll.OO G0ner"l Cl11rk arirl GenerPl Ale;:21n0er, ... ~tr tbPir -resr·ecti,re rnrt-ie", left on 1· 0 01 rnd ·216 . 0 0 At lL.07 Gene:;rPl r:1_.,,,.1.-, -f'rom h~s I':' BoRt, r1 isprtch,d tr:e f'ollo"i'Ylg '7essPr;e .,,ic'~ ~ms received ½y G0neral Gr1_1~11trer ['t 1515: 11 3rd Divis:ior r-,11 '1shore on initial obioctivc . OnP hrir,;"de l"'t British .:'ivision wi.th ci.rtillery "nn tPn}:s rsl'ore . Losses ljght . 504th JE>rac' utA In-r~11trv lr-11.r:B11g Pt trR -rort of nzio . Port of' Anzio co'1dition unkn.o"m. ChP'1.nel "Iill be sFept bv 1600 . 'Qeecr O'Ood for LCT onl;,:r. Irior·ities for fol10 1 v-ur: 1 to 11; then, ??; then , ?I+; followed by/_/~ to 54 inclusive . " At 1700 rours the pPrtv renc','3d tr11 r"outh o-r the iTolturno , here they were picked u h:,r tre storm bort3 r-11.r1 t,-,ken ashor0, ,-rr 0 n0e they return9d to the comm,cp1r'1 '""nst y ~11tomobile . Rm orts co---.ti '1U9d to rer cl' G0 11Pral Cl11rv c .. tJ-,e continu0d ~,icc'3ss of' ': 1 P'GL r.:, ½ut the G~mer"l -relt t½at ria::dmum pre?sure '!lust 1 1e e"ertnd ')y t:be Frenc11 Corr..,, II Corns r1 nd hy 10 Corrs ~11 orrler to ~ontnin, insof.nr r>s Y'Ossjble, th0 f'orces -ric'"J onprs-in!'.; tne Fif't"h Armv """- ~ts lo·,,9r "ront .,11,' rer'""jt t½e T"r-rirmm P~'nloitrtion of tre succ0'1s of :'-'I'rGL'E . If +.l1 e r:rw311ire si-ould ~JA relaxed on the CH~sino front 1 A.11d the GPrmP 1s sronld be..--r')J· 1itted to dis9,-,g['ge substr>11tio 1 forces, their orro\ sitio11. to c)p.,..nar.,~ '''onld t'l9CO""e rnucri heavior, ci r-1 the di"fi cult;t o-" cuttini;,; off , / 1rillin("J' or cn.rturi11.n; r-, lR.rge part of the GerM:on ... orces orrosi>1r, tie Fifth Army would he f'T"lP tl7 ~ "lcre." sen . 1 General Clnrk , upon l i c; ret,1.rn, co lled in (}enArR 1 G-ruentl,,er to exnl2 in to him ·-,1,,,t o h"n '""'.le,,, oTJ. th9 '11"01p·ir 1 r>nc1 to ,..et tr.e l.:"test ~,,.,-"orrrtio11 thr>t GP'1.e ral G-rucntl:ler rqrl received . 0 The Army Comr1Rmlcr r1urjn!"J' tl'e evening received ._., copy o+' the follovrinP- cr>ble to Ge110r" ls TH son and Alexander f'rorn t1-\e Co'"'lh,; ned Chiefs of StPff . RH 7779 . e are wr,tcl in~ yo11r hrirrl. b:1.ttles in :r:'ALY nith 1.mc1e-rc;tr'nc1 i'1J:; interest p,d 'li"h you 1 ev0.,,.v success in the c ririnr:; operr>tion (" r-rrrG1-i:~ 11 ) ,,iiicl you ."re undert,,.,Jrjnq; . 11 (},:mernl r.lerk '"'lso r9co-ivAd a cory of TT 71'5? "'ro,,.., Ge11~rnl ·-::isenho· er to Ge 11T'"l Ale~rr>nder '1 ich ren.o ns f'ollo:vs: ttl}oor1 luc 1( to you ,n0 (;VRY. I ~'ill )e wn.tchinrr tho r9y;or-ts "or tJ--,o r,:rePt ~,F:c8"S you dese,rve RY\cl ,rill obtl"in. 11 1 �CAS~RTA--JA~TTJAPY ?3 , 1944--Follo-:ini:; ri11. early rnorni-ri.g conference ·vHh GenCJrPls Gr11rmth0.,... .<J.nd Br2nn , Generr 1 Clar1<: le+'t his cor:mR'10 post to confer rersomlly \ ,Hh his Cor·p:=; Co'1nn.nders nlon1; th0 FFth J·rny front to str0ss to them th.<it I they riust continue strong -rressure "'f;C.i11.st tho 0nemy at nll costs, tr·us engagj_np: n r1rtxirmm number of' ,-ernrin troops nlon~ the rer;ulPr -l"'roYJ.t "'nd rrevent r->ny reinforce'Dent by the Gormrins f'rom the south ag" ir1st the SPI 1 TGLE beachhead . The Gc11.er21 1 s own notes on t}-iese conf'ercnces are rerorted n.t ti-.e end of today ' s cinry. I He ceF1rterl :roJ'1 hj s rnn1·e - ;.;i-:" +'t cub ruffcr['_y - th.0 ro['d in fro::1.t of his comrnr,nd -,~ost :_ r>t 0915 rmd +'low ..,~t1, 1 'Pjor 7.-,,prer to the II Corps comnr>nd rost near } res,:mzano . her0 ho co'1-/'.'errr,d -"ith !'1l.,jor Gen"r~ 1 Keyes cu-,_cern:ing the situr>tion on the II Corps fro 1t . RAtnrnir<:T to tl-1e II Corrs cub field Generfll Clrirk too 1<:: off f"'or VenP+>ro, anc' tl· we conferred with GeYJ.er, 1 Juin . He then flew hr> ck to tho II Corps +'ield 811.d left b·r car -rcr the 1":>th Division co!11l'1rtnd post northeast of 'i.r..;n:=mo . TTe rrirrle the trir "rith Ge'19r"l J<'eyes who jojn9c. hjrn qt the :d.rf'i9ld . Arr-tvi11P- nt tlie l?itr :Jivisfo,, com!'J.:-,nd post Gr>11.ernl Ch'r: ·;ent into crnf'er,,mc8 vith Ge110r.,ls fnl1':er , r; lbur and Keves ccncerning the sitUc..,tion alonn- the 11':,ti,, Di•rision nroYJ.t . Qc-,"lAr"'l Clnrk- had the rlensure of i11.""ormh1r:t ColoriP.1 Hess , ''rtill9r7 O"fj_cer o-f' the '26th Divjsion, th"t his YJ.f1"1e h::,_d been sent to +1-,9 "An,,,te f'o-y, con f'irr,irtion ?S P. '9rignc1ier Gener" 1 . G"}ner-il Clark- then h<rl lune½ Pt the 11Sth Divi..sion mess ~nd c;er,art,-,a Pt l:"'15 f'or the 14th Division CO:rJT'Jf:lnc'l post . Just rs +,he G9n.Arnl 1 s jeer, con:-riining Grm"'rol Key0s Pnd CPpfain Bearrh10od, VP"l nprroAchin,o; the ,j11nction of Firi;hm:i_y #6 and the road cuttin~ o"'f to S8n Pietro on the r· i;ht , t -ro lPrge forwtions of nl<>nes vmre see'1 flfrror>ch inr:; "'roc1 the souther-ist . T.111') cr w of ::>n A.nti-eircrnft P,1m •r::is looking the r-l~ne over l'l'j ➔~h b~noculrrs, "ncl Gen9rr>l C1Pr 1• wi1:1r>r1<:ed thr->t the AA crew didn ' t n':3ed to "orr7 ::i.bout b0nb:' nr; becm1'1e the G9rmr•ns rrobably were concentratinr- their effort'J on +,re 'HJ •n1E beachhead . Just B+>ter turning on thtJ rond to s,-,n I fotro, se,mrA.l 1-,or1b3 lit on a ridge just northwest of tbe tom . The boT1bs 'mre rlrorred by AJ"'ie:ricrm B- 0 t) 1 s, ~11.d Gc'1.ernl Cl::ir1,. -:vas hi ,,.hly in ignant . The bcm1bs lnnded rbout f'. mile from Gr=mer1"'1 Clrr1r 1 c:; jeep , but they sent ur such splFl.tterings of roc'k and cebris trr>t •\ jor Prout , GA'19r<>l Ryder ' s aide, ~,ho "A..s ·1aiting .,,t a cro-srorr'l apr:ro::rim:itely n hr.lf-mile awa:,, ''lf'S rit j_n th"."l J-,11."'ld b;r rock f'rag:cnnts . 0 1 I 1 0 Arrivi11.c; nt the 31.th D5•dsion conir1n.nd po::;t , G·"nerPl Clrork rer1'rked, 11 ·hr-it ' s ) the mn+,ter , Doc , I 1 TYJ entitfod to a 17-gun sr-ilute, "'Pd tho,e bl-.., steri bcmhers only gavs 1"'0 Pbont 8? 0 Gener"l Ryder rerorten tl-i::it th9t r>s th8 sec0nd time tor'lpy thnt Americrn ')ombers hr>d crorped t½ejr lo::in ½e 11~_nc the /1rir;ric"n li.rn:is . The slopes of •~ount Limi:;o hPd been lrmbed enrlier in the norn1np; . Ge'ternl Cl,-,r1<. sici.irl thr>t he vrould take tl1 e mritter ur upon his return to the Fifth Army col"!mnnd post . 1 Genernl Cl'"'rl< t·hen 'vent into conferenc9 nith GenerB 1 Ryr'iP,r nnd Gener" 1 Keyes . Colonel Butler , AssistRnd Divisional Gofll'1,"'11.der , ...as cnlled over , Pnd Ge118rnl ClPr'k i.n+'orTYJ'Jd birri t11at his ni:ime hnrl b0en ~9rit to the Senrte for confj_rriation r> s a 'Rri e::idier Gener::i 1 . G-:i11erril Clnr 1z then c'lrove 'v, cl· to thP- II Corrs ri irfj_r~ld '7:ith GenerF 1 K9yes and tool,,;: off Rt 11+05 ':'or a 1Pnc1 inP, st"l"'ip at Sessr Jlurunca nerir the 10 Corps TAC Hee.rl.·:pwrtArs . GenerRl Clerv.: then rlrove to the ~1ritish Co.,,.ps Ferirlqu"rters Pnrl con"'erred with GenerFl r?cGr9ery. Follo"l . . nf' this con+"erence '"Jith Genornl r'cCreery, GererPl Cl~rv.: orice np;r>in rrot into hi.s cub pl"ne Pnd +'le": br>ck to Fiftr Arny ::end- �qw=trt ers Rt Caserta, errivi_ng at 1505 }·ours . Fpon returning , Go"leral Cl"rk- irnmediFltely took ur wjth Gen'"lrfll House the matter of' the B- ".>,,) 1 s bonbi.np; beMnd our ovm 1~110s ::ind issued instructio!ls to assure that tr.9re rou1d not be f:' r9c1i.rnmce of such P 1:>rientrble incident . i The siturition -<: n the T<'i+'tr. Arr~:r ' s ne- 1 br:'.dgeheod nrea remr ins '3trictly in our fRvor . General Cl.<>rk's troops ,..,.,ve f"'nned out tc '"'~den the beachhead and , r.s yet , the enemy has mride no counter "tt;:ic1, . Air activity is on the incre"se . _The 1,0_ Corps briop;AheacJ F1cross t"be Gnrir:tliano Tliver i,:, secure ., Pltbou~r there fo despernte "'.p'G,},tjng juc;t north of r inturno . The II Corr,s front }s r1ost ACtiV.£_ ··,itl· t1ie 11-errnrns thro-rinr_: ver~rthing theY h...,V8 in nn ef-i'ort to y,revent Pny sizeable cro~s:i.n"' o th9 n_,,,:-ido River . TherP :is ::>lso 0xtenc;jve ?ictJvity ,.,Ion~ th9 French Cfo171sfront . 0 G8110r., 1 Cln,.lr confe,.red in t½e late 11 ft8rnoon vri th Generril Gruenther to in-'.'orm him of' t½e nrranr~eme11.ts thrt h:-ive been !'1Prle for ti--e flttl"'ck nort}, of C:->ssino by the lrd Alr;erinn ::,nd JI.th Aw~rj cnn f'ivido11s . The G8rn,ns along the Cassino line hflve not :ret sro"rn irny indicr->tion thr>t trey intend to ,·,ithdraw sizeoble numbers of' troops because of our 1-ie~chhePrl closer to Rone . Undoubteol~r the cmemy is wa~ting to cou- ter :-ittrcJ,. tJ-,e bddg,=ihe8d ·1hen he h:-as b11:i.lt ur sni'fjcie"lt str<':mrt h to attrcl: with po"'er . I ) As lriis dinner ruPst GenerCJ.l Cln· 1-c h9d Colo11el Trte , his G-4 . It WRS sonevrhat of a celebration , since Colonel Tnte hris ½0en recomr11ended for a Brir,Rdier GenernlcY. The Germrm co"1Yl11mique at 1600 today s~;y's ·1 n rr,rt: 11 In the evening rours of yesterda~r An::i;lo - Ar:iericnn troons lRnded on ½oth sides of t•j nturno on the Tyrrh8nfan coast . ~ountAr missions Pre in rrofI'ess . ThA Luf'tvmffe successfully rcided the c.,,emy lr nr1.j ng f'l ~et ••• 11 The Anc;lo J\.JJericr11. cori'7unique strtes tor"ny, n In ~~he lrr~e scA.l':l aniph5 bious operrtion in '7r'ich British ?nd" Arr.ericrin forces of t½e ,.,ift h Arm? were lnnded south of Romri , a ,mbst::>11.ti::il beochhead WAS seized. This ber>crhePi1 11P'"' ber-m •-;id-:med rind deepened . The thrust S9riously threatens the enemy l ines of communicRtion lecr'j no; south <JTIC e"'st to t e mfJ i.n bPttlo line • •• Arrnricnn troor s l,nve enlrirged their R<irido Riv"'r hridp-,:,}•epr'J. . 1 l 1 GeYJ.ernl Glnr 1 todav c ispr1 tchec' th~ f'ollo 1·1 inrr cri½le to Gener'l.l rr.ccreery. , R'T 751+ . "In view o-" success of' Orer:.,,tio;" "FT""GU::: E' 1-:wlut l-r essentir'l 10 Cor,..,s co"l.tinue attac 1-c tc secure objActjyes p~,w:tcusly r'esi';n, ted . '1:i.11 try to see you this aftnrnoon . Tine later. 11 0 General '::lar1c I s Hre the f'ollowinp: . Nm ·1.ot8s 011. torlny' 3 nctivi+,iPS, n.ncl th8 conferonces. he h;:,d , ~1trough dictoted thA ?/~th . ':'hey refer ririinly to the ;1Jrd : nyg:-;T"11.DfY 1 0 TR.TI - 'te"'tewl"'y, 011 the ?3rd, <>fter h"'vi;i.rr rAtu.,...n0d tl"e night rief'ore "ron Jhzio , ·,· fl9w· b·r cub to t11.e throe corr-s cor:1rnr1 ers E'nrl to the 34th r>nd 36th Divisions -"or conf~rerces . I iPJ:T3ssed ~ro·:1 tb<1 corr~ commP.riders pers011r'·1.l•r tho vitnl 11ec3,sity for their rJrivinP" •r>or11Arcl co11tinuosly in the , ttri.ck · north to ,.,.iVP the enemy no rest :..n 1:.~_s ro'"'sihle ·•r-i·';hr raw",.l rnd -in order thrt the two 8lenonts of t},9 Ti'ifth /\rr:1.y ...,,ir,-ht jo-i.n h9rids rit tbe sarlir-,st rossi'ble mor{)nt. 1 �L\ l from a north,··e,terly r'irection to the ..,sst f'roP" t1 G i,_..; r:;h r;round nortr o"' Srn F,li11 to crr,turFJ tho '3eb,,.,der3 ol:ii8ctive '"Jec;t of tJ->e :ilnpido River . Jui 1 , ril'73-;T> coorer,,t:..ve <''1cl "'-~:X1.0ll8 to do all e crl'l to furtr er the Fif'th Arr v ricture , renlied thr>t he could T1Ph~ r cliv j sioY1.<1l coordint=>ted ,ntt1°cv thG Picrning of tre ?5tl--1, or a h,c1J.:f'-nssed onP c0"'s i '"'tinr; of O'.18 r0gj,.,,ent on t'1e f"!orninP' of tle ':/i,th . Altho11gl-i. speec1. ~s essent-i"l , J .. ,_,..-:; ~''climid to p;:l ve 1-dm the delrl.y, A.nd .,,hrm T r1 erarted told him I would ,..,P_,,.~ rw decj 3ion r>ft er t11.l1-d.ng with the II Corrs CoT"rn'111c'ler pn_rl 11yder of the '3L~th, f'o:c I r1 esir"ld t'y,t the 1r-itt8r divisio11. r.tt~c'< to tbe "est on the bi½b F{round north of Cr- s,ino in conj:mctfon •'Jith t 11e Frencl' 3rd f lo;r,ri.'7.n l'i7i3io 1, attrck on Belvedere . 1 0 "cn•Tf',.-:R...,'rr,B . IJ'.2H G•~:...,..,.., '\L,... yr:•~~;, ' 1ALPR ~ ~m ~'CJSR - I hrd rreviously flo 1-rn to !<'eyes I Hen.c1riu,:,r~-::; t.N 'T!ornino; r'Y1 (li ... cussed this "'ith hirn . I then +>:.ew br c 1 to Xey9s R"l th0'1 ~ ent to c-;ee R:rrhr , vrho could h,c,ve ottr>.c 1crid ' last nj~J.it, but "n orlditio11ril ?!; hours r-111 p·_}v8 him r> better oprortunity to coordinate 11~::i Pttrick •·Jit:1 thA ~rench . ::: thrm rne(e the decision thrt the 34th Divisio11. ronld rttacl, the hir, 1 r:rou11d north of C1<ssino ton' r t , r.ionda._r the ?/1-th , anrl the Fre11ch tivision on its 11.orth to attoc1· t:re ne:':t norning t 0500 . I o.ir9ct0d the t,·:o cor.,..>s commc1 richrs !lnr' 'i i vis ionr 1 co!"lmano.ers co11cerned to ·7or1.r out 211 of' the necessrrr c'etails bot ·een t'rernelves . A.t t 1'is f'O'lI' , 1000 , tM_s has been done . Also directed GeYJ.i=,r9.l Keyes , i':t9r the conference vr:ith Gener, 1 Tel}cer a.t hio 36th Division co11na11d. rost , th.-t :Y,th Division r'1.'> 1.,.e c1'.e r10··1str1:1tions and ·"ei YJ.t crossino;s o·~ th0 "R.ar ido , both ln.st nir;ht and toniD'rt , and support bv fire the r.ttac,. of t're JL~th . ·hilr-, at 'lP1 1:er 1 s T{end1_urrters, h·1-d the co,.,,me,Y'0ers co,,c,:_irn9c p;jve !1"' brio:f' Accounts of thdr unsucce.ssfnl efforts to esta½lish nrl rn11-i ·1tr_i'1 br~c1 isehen.ns OV'Jr t.h9 ~.,pido. In decid:i_np; upon thAt nttack SOY'le tir-e A";o , I '·nR'7 it ·-roulrl be coitlv 1:iut ,ras -:.nipelled to go ahead •,,i. th the E>ttncl• in 0rnAr tri"t :r co11ld draw to tH s front all ro "sible Germw1 rev~rves -iri order to clFiar t1 e -.;n~r for PI rm::: . Thie:: WE'S 8CCorn:;:lisred i.n , rn."8'J'1ificent T"rnner . Somr; b1ooc1 h"c1 to be S!)illed 0"1 °·th9r tho lnnd or tlD "TI".'JGL-C::: -"ront, ;.nd I grortl-r ~referred t 1 1"t ;t he on thn Ra ir:o, ..,here -7e "rere sec rre , rrt!~er thrn <>t ~nzio ..,.:t,h t110 seri ..,t our bncl: . I r,lso directed Ke-res to rom•p-criiv~ tl-ie 3?'.ith Divfrion P.ml nt "n n.n.."opri ,..te t 4 "18 to be rre ~-rireo. to f1ttnc1c across the F.nrido north of 81:m ~--1pel0 ·,hen th9 '3/+th hnd 11ccor1pl:i hed their ""i.ssion o-:' seizi11r; tre Cassino l-i.jgh ""round . ·,e nust ~0t A bricl.n-0hefld. over the R[mirlo i:1 ortier to r"'r--i t ti-,e debouch9ment of our tnnk f'orc'3s i-ri.to t!:-ie Liri V"lley. 1 0 0 0 ~F'r'',\L C0f'r."TT'f:C•'rn,n• :r:'R0;1 'FT 1 GL~ A"?.EA - I <Jm a little r'isturbed ,.,t the lPck of r1 etn5lec1 norcl f'ro'7 Lnces . Co11rnunicrtj_o11s +>ror the '1isc"";me J:-,nv9 been overlo. dRd ,,nd hnd . ~To•• thAt Lucns i~ estr'½li,c:hr-,d. fishc a , ,..e hPVe good coT'1T1unicr-i.ti_ons, and I h<ive sent 1-ii"l th,:; follovrLnp; "'lessp·ro: mr 427. 11 Ioor communic"tion hRs result0d in my 1rno";in[f li+tle of :ronr ::::.iturtion. FleRse ans"mr th9 fo, lo·•rinr, riuesti 0'1S at once . Hor• fElr hflVP. your n,"trols "mrh'3d? fh<it <:ire vour ~ntentio'tS "or imr1odiPte operRtions? 'lhrt is 70'1r est~r,hte of ener1y siti..wtion? }Y'CJs0nt ,,rid rr9dicted unlondi'1r; cn.racity o+> Fort of Anzi.o? Cn.n r;-;"'S unloa0 dryshod et Anzio? Is won.th<)r effectjng nnlord~ng? 11 Luc[\_s r1urt be c1g""ressive . He r11nt ta 9 ...,m,o chrnces . lie nust 1.ic·e the 3rd Division to rush out . 11 1,oon. 0 "E'-Ff'l'{ IT1'1'f.'":"IO' 3 - I still hrivA no rositive -inc"icr,tions of enemy -intentio"ls . Heather is brirl . J hrve no Pir reconnaisnr'1ce. Hence, I do not know the clegree of' his retr0r;rrde movements lr~t ni~ht . I have r:Urect0d PttPcl·s �1 flnd r9cn:rnn.issn1t~e in force in order thr>t 1 0 may 11ot get rwoy 11:itrout o;i.r 1rno"119dp;e . I feel t,-,rt h9 is; ,rreakeninv, the line 4 n +'ront of us i..n order to na.ss troops to nr~et SFJ',TGL.B rmd destroy ~t i.f r:o ~sible . Anoth9r 0 4 hours , r9rhl'rs , rill give me a better ricture of is incications . "!ITH G ~TRt.L ·i;ccR~'EJ.Y, GOG, BRITISH 10 'J0RTS - After cons11ltation with II Corps ;rest0rdn.,, I "'lew "'or n. ccn"'9rence ·1ith Gew,r<'ll ncCreery. Fe was in the r-ror;ress o-" r,R1"inr; rm ,-,_ttack . I vms stprtled ··hen he told me thPt the Sth Division needed a 1"eek 1 s rest . It hlls bee-n borne out V,.,e nnc1 ti,.,,c., f'f::c in tJ,flt the British Co!"lrinnders require more :rest f'or treir troops th1 n are --:;iv9n the P erican units . Ther9 'ig no ti"le -ro:::- restin{s nt this crit:1cfll r9T'iorl in this all - out bnttle . Fe rn1rnd !"le +,0 cbrn~e tre bnundrirr b~~tween II Cor"'s and 1() Corps in r."trolling the Liri and the G,"'rigli£ino arer, . I denied 1--iis request but did autror:i.ze him to mov9 the bulk of the 4iSth Division to thP. soutr, but ;t must be resro'1s-ibl9 +'or the rrotectio'1 of its entire Pren . 11 CrT~~r:;·•rGi<; \ r;.-;;;· 'ltl\1.9 ""'R ~ ':IHT A''ffl "OTlJ\ N, cnr.o'T'":L I3C "T'!I\_ ·r pr--;, LT. COJ;;. crrifer--mcP., th~-,; r1>1.te, ' rith Brrnn, r~orPn, 'imitr, i:Ir-1_ . CoMr1f1'1da11t, ai1d Bo'·ma11 , "":nf'{i.neer, , j th rep;rirds to nirvinr, m·r forir•;:ird corwnanr1 rost to 1 resenzn.no . I hri.ve so much "',ressu.rA fror1 h-1 P'hP.r 1--ienrqun.rters to the re::ir and p= aetting so frir ~rom the b:ittlefield tr.nt I feel it essent:rl to move up . I hrive rli.rected th:,t th9 co!'ll11anr1 ro~t Of'9D in the '.'1.0"r loc.,,tion by l?CO noon on Thursdn.y, t}-,e ')7th . I hrvP- decided to reinforce S]P'11LB to t 8 mRxj'n1L'11 consistent ..,; th its surr ly. I vrill move the e11tire /,.5th Di v2-sion nround tog0ther ·· ith HP.rmon I s Divisio11 , less one cninbat com~Dnd . I 1111.Ve d::i_rected th.-,t the Speci:il Service Force be alerted for imM8dinte "'1ovement . I have rr':lrrred my O"Tn TA'J Headqurrters , consisti11P' of m:rsel"', G-3 , G- ? and a Pev sii=;nn.ls, to be rreprired to "lOVe on ')/,, l101 irs I notice to tbe Anzj O Area . Thnt is Vll0 8re the bnttl9 1·Till be , 11,11d thPt is ·,rhAre I -int,=md to be locPted when our huild- ur in thPt Are;::1 is su..+-fici9nt to take tre on+'ensjw~ . I may ro~s~bly h1::mdle 1fc1rmon as an exploi ti:ri:: +"orce wit}-, ex:trfl :lnfn.ntry, tPr1·s ond trnk destroy9rs under rlirect ,:,ifth l\rri~r corunand , 1·rhile VI Corps '70V9S on its objective to•·mrds Rome . t1 Gr?'F''rl_~NSB Sf'TTf! - }Tqve hrd I"'l. P 0 11 0,.,FTGTAL ' 7TSIIT'CR.S PJ FC'fW~T:lT) !\Rt,~A.S - Bvery rlrice I r,o, I f:ind rw subord'nate cornJnrinders, r,ostlv corp:i , ::ire 1)9-111.,,. both,::rerl ½7 11 brriss h.,ts" fro'7 ArF~ , Air , Fq . AC'F (15t:b l\.rrw Grour) , ·r'1v etc . Trere h"'i.ng no otlv~r bPttle in the i'~di terrane'ln are::i, , r>ll hePr()uPrters , including General 'Tilson I s, Adl"liral C:::unninghArri 1 s , General ·,.,,l,.er 1 s, Gr:m.er.,l flev~rs 1 , Genrir8l AleYa'1cer 1 s 011d rr:Rny le~ser 1 i rhts h-'lve noved into Crs9rta on top of "'IJT henrlrp1::irters . 1 evPr ;)rifore, in th0 istor:r of' ,,,.nrfare, ~ e ::::o !_evL bP-:£!1 comprr11ded b~{ ,o "'L:'ln;y:. It does "'l.e no p-ood •-rhen : stic" to my g,ms A."ld rJ.9I"Pncl th"l.t ""Y 1ear1111rrters be the 'huffer between '7Y cinborr.:: nflte uni ts 7itr resp9ct to tr9s9 v~ 1 · t:i nr-; d i.gni tr-:d.ec; . I hr>ve requ,v~ted that in no case s 0 11lrl they be i,errriittecl to v; sit forwq_rd units in fl desperate battle without "l~v .,uthority. r, 1 11 ROTA'l':rn~r FnR. "": 1·!LISTT~D ''::::'T - I Prn imrr<JssGd ·1it'1 th9 nece"sity of soT'!e r,lan h8inr; ',orl::od 011t l-i:r tre ·rRr r-ep"rt;1~mt h5 c, will -rrovide " rotntio11 f'or more rmli"ted men af't8r r1n.:rrr "'trll1t,hs of comh t bn ck to t}-,9 United Str-ites . I do not 1mow ·vlirt the 'lOlution is , but I dll studv ~ t cnr9-f11lly to sRe j f some plnn ca'1. not be wor 1~od o,1t . 11 11 0 * * \ I �( CM?m.TA--,JAinJA'><.Y '?!., , 19411---Exr;a1.1sion of' the bric1 i:;9head south of Rome continued to 1;0 17ell , but thf"'lre fire inrlicrtfo,,~ thr>t tl-io Germrin is coilin[". hir,s9lf to strike RQ'.ainst General Clark ' s troops 'lho mPde tJ,-,.e 11mrhibious lr>ndinp; . ( · Reports received from VI Corps indicate that t},e Ariericnn and Brjt i sh trooris ~re no7r well inlnnr! and thPt trey Gre co'l.solidPtinp; themselves while the ~up'" lies A.re 1 ng 'orcur:1ht in . The weather torh.y is bi:i.d , with rn in squri 11s )8~ anrl heavy swells thr,t -rreve'l.t unloadinP" orernt;ons excert from li=mdjnp; craft . The seo. j s too rou,sh for tl e rlnkTs to cnrry o'1 treir ~huttk: service, ½etween s'.ore nnc-1 corF;o shins . There is conr-:-jderr- 1,10 r,ir r-ctivity toduy in tho An zio a,..ea . Dtrrin...,. tbe rl~y t·~o iles+.roy0rs ·Terc M.t by r=memy boT'!b9rs , fl.nd rit night a rerort cn.r,o in th8t tr0rc hPs h"len a he:wv aerif'l n.ttacJr .?go.inst shipring rnd thrit t,·,o hos ital srirs hrve 1Jeen Ii.it . Gen8ral t;ru"3ntb1r 'lnd sever,,, eotnf-P of'f'ic'3rs Ptterpted to r;o to tr,e bridgehen.<1 areP 'W } "' bor t this morn:i ng , ~ut they 1'lere +< arced to ·1urn around "nd go ~ bnclr to ·rarles 1-x;crmse of th9 !)9/lv·r S88S . There is rePv,r .co;_p,J,t:hr: n 1_1 "lo11n- the Fifth Army ' s c;r.utlrrn front . The bPttl'3 j s rPrt; culPrly vii:;orous riround San Croce on the Ti'rench CorT'2 sector, rtnrl Generf' 1 ,J lin re-r:orts he::>vy losses "hen the '7tl-:i. .f lger:'c.nn .,.n"':=mtry R0r;iri':nt was rriven o.,..f r~o,mt CnrAlla. .Jlrtillf;r'r ·"i.r0 • r>s '.riole11t in this Prep troughout the dny. Th9 II Corps re ortAd tr"lt 34th ::Ji.vision 1v1 trols ~ronsin,i; the Rr) p-i rlo River received stro11e A1 1torintic 7er>pon rnrl. sn1r ll nrms f'ire . 36th Division pPt:rols also cro 0 sed tre river but •rr=;re piat ·~i th J,en.vy mrc}1 ~ ne ITT.Fl 11.nrl n9be ]_vrerfer +'ire . II Corrs b"'] j m,e +,h,.,t the eneriw is :bolrinP", the P.rnido Riv0r 1~ ne j_n ,, strr-mP"th . , ;J 1,7 er \ r;. ~ ~ 10 Corns reported tJ~r,t enerw rctivity was conf.;nei1. to she 7 linp- of +'orwnrd positio•1s ~n +, 11'3 3~th Division 8Y'e" . 5tSth :Jjvision rntrols "'ent to Cflstel :i'orte and found it strC'nR;l, r held by G0rrrians . 0n the VI Corrs ~ront tJ,e 1st Br~tish n~rntry rivision rnoved to the high. r:;ro11110 so J_tJ:, of the r:010tta 'tivcr , rnd elerirmts of tbe 5C4th :'\.meric"'1 I:--r~chute Tnfantr:, ffl"'ned out as ·"'3r rs LittoriB ,., 1,l re:rorted no confrct . The 179th Infantry ~ep;ime:v1t o.<> the l+5tl1 TJ . , . '1ivision -i_s now , shore at tre b9f1Cl'hend P11d is !"s,e:nbli11n- to ::,o 111to action . F.ner, r ~,..,+,:r0lc; , co·1.si3t;nf; of" ric to '?5 rien in }'p]_f tr..,cks , ['Ccor1p.<tni_ed b•r ;:> or 3 c::el+'- prorelled mms or tr>n'n:; vrere rero,,.ted active 'lrour1r1 th"3 nP.rjy,v~ter of' tre cn'1Pl north of t e Anzio S'3Ctor . The enemy j_s rlso rer.orted to he h"stily dj_gp;in~ 0rnrlPceT19nts . Th0re 1 "ri-=; "cne rrtillery .,.,5 re rnc1 shells dror:red spor<i.dic" lly into Anz.; o . l? ener,y pln.nes "'9re reported drorpinp.: +.roops or sup11 l" PS •iy 1,,...,ro.c1,ut9 to r'.):i_r?orce G,9rmRn e lnnents ; n the bridi:;0reail Pren . fr9nerril Clnrk , "+>tor "rendiYJ.t:1 tJ:,e niorn-l np; lookinp: O''Gr tre situ:-itiovi , hn..d Grn0rnl Pc.oaks PS h.;s l mcheo>1 rn1est . Ve d:tseu:,sed wjth G-=,'18I'fl Rooks once apniri ~1,e ora-..,n_jzation.. of i\",1'1 in Itnl:,r. Gencrnl Cl..,rlr 1:lso r-3ceived a vi.sit +>ror, (Jp::,tain Le,·Jis o+> the n . 1. ~r..,v·•, and he exnressed to him t e deep tl1 an1rs of tbe Fift!, Arriy for tiv~ fi.11e ,y,rn.l surrort g·1 ven to t e forces lrncl;ni:r Pt ti..,e br-i.dgehend . Gf'rtain Lewis is r l)o1 t to rqturn to -!:;l1e rrnHed "t~tes . 1 1 Ge:rern l ClRr1• th n received n visit f'rorn Colonel3 E•vprt Pnd Dnvirl . Both 'Y!en rre S::,ec..: al S,.,rvices O"ficers . Colo 1el ~"A.rt :is P ssc-cirtc,d vdth frrnerri.l nsl)or''le ~n tho d:i.vjsion of troop r1orPle rnd c,ri mtntion. Genernl Clrr1<: di"'cw·sed ,···i.tli Colo11el Ew['.rt t 1'P 1 l9,+, n0tl-1orls o+' 1·9erh1g Aniericrn sr,J_rli9rs ..:nform3d of' the 0 �c::-lobrl situ...,tion ,<1ry'l ''OW th<:v CPn 9 ··,y,-':,i1l,..,d ·dtl~ r1efinite ir'e'"'s crw1cern~np; t1'ose tb"'1f.S +>or ,~iricr th-3 r Pre ,....;glt·h.r; . G0nt:Jrrl C7 ·r'~ 'n9-r Coloriel T>ert from f'orr:t:Jr ;--C"'soci_..,tions ,r11en t. e Fif'tl' Arrriy f;o'7r"'1r<er ' '1 S ~tn.tj_on8d rt t'1e ',r>r Crll9~9 in ·"s:h:in.crton . 1 G8n9t'nl 01f'r1rl s 119xt ~n_ller '7"S ('.-,.'1.-,rE 1 Utili who -i '3 '"'11CC99d.;nr:r G"n"r"l :Car~ no rs the C.o··,..,-,,1r3.Ar of' t'-le lf't --1:,,,_1-' '1.".l • oto 10 ized Group . Th-' s Itr li"n ) f'orc9 -', no..r r"'or;;:"·1.i..zing in ::i reP'~ ''r9ci., rnvjn,; '1-ic-.en +,r- 1 a~n out 0f' tl--i.e line t:'ollm-ring t'1e-Lr rH sastrou"' "-tt,,c1: E gr-:•·1st TTount Lungo 'JOl'F) VPJe "'l;O . GnnerPl Utili •·m.s r.0compan-i0d. b• 1~is c·,:2e"" of 8tr>:' . . . , Colonel Lo,.,.,1rr~j . 'i'l,o '70eting betvreen t½e F-L"th Arny Go~,,rrcJ9r an~ ·"1 c, -n'3vl ItR.lirn G-,•,errl ,·ras l·rgel~r one 1 G"'"'Gr"l Clrr}- tole Generel ctili t½et roynd the It"'lirms 0 -r - ,--,troduction . W01'ld ½e EJ½lc to ta 1re ., "!Ore ective J1f1rt in bringing r-bout the oe"Art of Ger r,r-11;,r. G9ner" 1 'Sue 1cnP 11 , Conriander of" the British 5t11 .:)i vis ion cnlled on GenfJral GlArk to say fare•·rell. He is bei'1g S'lt::Ce8dec1 bv G<:n"rrl G:rerson-Ellis . Gt:Jne~rtl Bncknall is uncle.,..tP l'irt , rinothPr co:rirr.ri11.d . 0 "'e A lr:i.te r'fter11oon cnrfer8rice wris ½alc1 111 t'np Generr1 1 s vs.11. bet,"een Gffrterr--1s Glrrlr, RobPrtson , Gr1nnth,.,r E>nc1 =:renn . T11 e oi'rnussion c ent8red ::,ro11.nd the ~uprbdn~ of troors, r"rticulrrly :in the ne,-rly-"on hridp;ehead rrea. The extent to ,7' icl' th8 ne17 posj+,io11.s c,n be explo~ted r"erends on "lll 7 nten~ncP Hrich must be atte11rled to vrith every d~liR"erice . * CASffiTft - -,JAJTTARY 25 , 191~4--Today Gen°rril Gl11r'' +>J.ew to t},e 1-ie 0 chheP,1 1)y cub , :r~loted by •~::i.jor ';a1 1rer . Tbe Grmer~l •s ovrr Bcco1nt of his rlqy 1 s "ctiv~ties f'ol1ov1s: 11 I TA i AGKC'l nv G-,., Ju L PL~"rrr -;,,. '.:'L .~ ccc" TA1w TT}T 0" A DD :;ri::oY~R TC' VI ,IT THR VI CO;:,.} S - 't!e PFfE'.,..E"ntl,r f'eels PS +,ho1 rrl ro is r11nn~!if:!: thrt "how. ?Jot much : CPn rlo "b0ut it . T)ur; t-- the f'orecast of bnd ... ,e?t}v~r , T _esitn.torl. to go vith him bec,,,use :: W8.S ree.rful t .n.t T coule' not go asl;ore on acco,mt o~ the 0 ea . I, theref'ore, c'1ecid.ed to fly 1-,,r cub, ,·,rich I cJid . It -is 1.11it':l r ;trip, "'hout Pn ho1 ir :1110 fl. h;-,l_f' ' 011t ever t}1e PerliterrPnen.n ur -;:,} '; cor st . Altbougr I hac'l requested air cover , t'"ro11o;r "iO'T~ ,..,i-v:-up in Air CorT s Nlministr0tion, none ..;rs furnished . I lrmcecl about 1C'10 <\.nr1 irnm0di,,,telY corrnr>rrl.ecred <i jeer L'rom the Jhore "Sngin 'ers rnd 1ent to the VI Corrs, ascertf"ined tl,e situRtion th~re nnd then 'rent to tbe conil'1rnr1 rost of Q911eral Pe-1,,,ey, Conimr>ndin/:; tl e 1st Brit-i sh Division . '"et Luers trere . Ant"'r fl.SCertn.ininrr sitwtion , nent to tl 8 rort , 'here I intervie"!ed Ca:rtr.in Turner , 7 ritish 'Ji:iv;-,1 ('f'f'icer in chRrge. Tre rort j"' c snlenc'1;ii asset, .?n,.:i -it, muct bA rrotected J~· more anti- Pircr0+>t . T will e.rr'lnge ti• t . By bulldozi11.s anc' 3CrP.f 1.:; son9 0f tle .jetti.s , ~ LJTS C"n :)e unlo<iclecl sirmltr:>1eo1.wly ::>t t'1e rnte of ~ L ;'T'S every 3 hnurs . T'h-i s requ~re;s r,erf0ct coorr1i nation, n.rd -in a ')4- h)"r reriod 1·1oulr1 give you 64 L::Ts . Surrose •-re cut thr•t in hal:"' -r>or s,.-r8ty 1 s sr 1'e, v-;e still could mPintf'in through th0 port t 11e force of' I+ r"ivisions, whi..ch I conteJ11plri.te '·;uildin~ up to . 1 1 0 1 1 R0turned to VI Corn8 Herrrlriuarters in ·'ettunf' r11.r1 t>-1en ,-ent to tb9 corn~and rost of the 3rd D~vis-ion . ,'3itu"tio1'1 is s.-,,V sf,,ctor7. '3rd D;visioYJ. is odw·l'lc~ ng on C1 "'ternP , ··rhile one Flri,c;::>tle Grour wi ti- t'·1e 1st Pr:. tish ;Ji visior is advrncing 11orth to the junction o+> t:re Anzio ro.c1c1 "Hl~ t},e m9in r··i lroPr1 at q?339 . The 179th Pr.T ·.g_s rsho::.·e ond esseribled . TJron "'lY rstur11, T c'irocted thr-t tbe hnl<>nce \ I �,,-,J of the 1st Armored Division, 1'nown a.s CombAt Comnn.nd A, and "lh1ch js novr with the II Corps, be alerted for a movement j_nto '"JFT'tGLE. I hPve Plso alerted the 180th RCT for sh:,ilar moVGT"ient, r1lso the Specie l Service Force . Th:is, within a '7eek, should give me three infPntr:r r'l:ivisions, one Rrmored division, the Rangers, Jpecial Service Force, 5O1.th I'arnc·hute 11.esiment rnd 509th fprachute ) Bf'lttAlion. I '"Jill thfm strike out and cut the German lines of communicPtions, forc:i.-r1g hiR withr.'ravml out of the CPssino area. ~'hen, I "'ill turn my Pttention to Rome. I propose to move in my advn.nce comrnFJ.nd rost, very srv:1 11, ''lith Brann, Howard and Signals Pnd set ur in a fevr dr;ys . I cen tlnn fly back r;nd forth, or go by lT boat, and direct the rsrincipal operPtions of the Fifth trmy. I probably will hold Harmon I s Division with S0"1e pt,tached :inf'1mtry as e.n exrloiting force directly under army control while VI Corrs goes after its objective . Due to the rapidly deteriorating weP.ther indicrtio'1S in thPt areP, I hristily took off et B?O, rmd in ,m hour ancl tl,irty minutes lPnded on the r,alnce pond. ncr 'JF'7 'lR'';D · fJTH G'~~n::RAL BR!drN - Upon my return cnnferred with BrPnn and called II Corps 5n order to ascertein progress o"" their Crssino attack. 'lhere as tl1e 14th Division has one br>ttPlion acroc:;s tl--e RP-rido, the 3rd AlgeriPn Division (French) to the north has just rhoned in thPt they brve t£>ken Belvedere, w},ich is a great success . "Te T'lny turn the G,"!rrrnn out of his Cr>ssino rosition froT'l the north . * -x- CASERTA--,JANU!>tY 26, 19M~--Gen<Jral Clrrk spent tocl.a:r in A series of conferences and in e.dministrrtive 1 rnrk Pt riis con1m2.nd post. His notes on the dPy 1 s P.ctivities t1re the following: "I attended a neeting this morning '"Tith GenerrJ. ~'ilson , GenerrJ. 1\le"-Crincler, Adriiral CunninghaM, Gener8l EHker ·1nd "lhout ?O to ?5 other officers, r1ostly Bri1 tish. Th8;' have two meetings a cay. :svery subject ciscu.ssed pertBine0 to the Fifth Army, whereas I arn the first Fifth Army officer who hrs ever r,ttended one of these meetjrJJ;S . AppArently nonA of these hearlarn=irters hPve ny other mission in life th::m to :i nterAst theJ11selves in n+'f1:1irs pertaining to Fiftr, Army - ''!hetrer a mrt should be taken in for the Pirfield? 'dhAt its priorities should be? Hh2t should be the build up? '.That sho11l0 be the tacticPl plan? All of ttese r"etn; ls were discussed. r,iy opinions wAre 1=1sked on none of these subjects. I T'lerely record this to sJ-iow how several heH~qurrters h"Ve ,..,,oved in on top of Fifth Army Pnd, having nothj_np; else to do, Pro grP'lU'llly tekin.c; over mrny of :its f'unctj ons . Again I n~peA.t, nevP.r "rere so f'ew corrimi:mderl by so rmny. 0 Aft8r the meetin~ I stPyed +-or PD.othc.r c0nducted by Genernl 'Nilson on tho subject of /1 HlfIL. AppA.rently Generri 1 ':isenrorrer has cl e~idecl thPt P·TTJIL is on in full swing . ::'.: 1.vas shocked to see how All of the British Com.menders '-rere sabotag- I ino: this :r 11:m. None of them are for it, n nd a 11 still feel thr' t it wi 11 not be executed. Hence, p11J.ling of units out of th.ts th.enter is r;o; ng to be ext'.f'em~ly difficult And will nlr•ce me in 1>.n emb1=1rrassing position ''!rile I a.m both conmAndin('j'\ the Fifth Army and pla,nn:inr for Pnother orera.tion. Admiral Cunninrhmn suggested thPt if tvro divisions v1ere used in the PP.SR.ult v:e could solve our trou1iles by hPv:ini- a French And U. '~ . Division from 'forth 0' �Africn used, neither of ··•}'j ch vrou]/l ever have b8e-ri in combat. :;: strongly rrotested , r'le,.,,<1ndinr- t}i:,t the 3rd nnd /+5th nt ler<st be t 1··0 of these to bA used . I foresee p;reri.t r1i"fj c'1ltv in ex~·,,.icati11.~ in t:i ne -"rm'! t1 ::..s tr enter the units •vl ic P.re to he set up . T recom·,enc'len. thnt t'1<=> 85tr Division , ne"' fr0r1 the TJnited Strtes, be trained in 'Torth tfricr. ri.t A:rzew "'nil t11~t the 3rd erd the 45+,h he withr'ra,m , co::'ne11.cj nn; [' xmt the ,..irst rvee',: ~-n ·•,..rch, to the Salerno area here I ··:ill set ur the 1nw1sion TrriininfJ' Ce,,t-,r r,.,,/ conduct nrererrtory traiYlinq; . It is '3SS9Ptirl tJ.i,-,t the 'iav r ..1orlr ~nto this .,.,lP"', r.lthoucrh Admiral Cunn:' n--:harr stro'1p;ly objected to novino; the •r~v1.l AT'1phi1Jious Tr ininC; Center to thPt area . "The II Gorrs P-tti'lc , f'ttn.ck.:in~ tre eRstern fAce of c,-,ssino hPs been held up . T cr>ll.ed KeyRs ;:,nr1 n.s 1 n"'!o. Mm if he con1n. AXPloit t,0 "uccess oc> tre 3rd Al~erj~n I"ivision by "lOVin.G' H. > Tr'"'ODS in behind the1"1 ['nrl att""c 1dnr:; to the • sc-uthwest. Fe is doino; thr't, co.,,.,rn~ncinr; to11~P-rt, "ut t}1e Ptt.c-cr cA.n not ~o 1 e ,.,ust bror, 1 t}·;rouR;r into the C;:,s oPf until tl1e d v o;:'tr:.,.. t0"1orro·r 111orni11P' . r s i.no :1 .ren . 0 ';leath0.r is lrmprffi,w; our unloenin~ in trfl 'r,ttuno bridgehen.d Prea, altl:ough I feel 1Prfectly sR.f'e in tl~? brid.~"he::od ,,i.th tre number of troops in there Pt t 11e nreseY\t -1:,; me . Hflrmon I s +'orce sh011ld be unloprli;,r soon, "nd ti-19 rest o~ the 45t11 Divi :ion, less th·, l8OtJ1 Comb"t '.::' ,Pn, rril'ly <""et ;_n th,re tonorro1 1 niD'rt . r7ith them in tb:irP. , riur hridr,;eh9,1.d ~hould be secure, "r'"1 j_+' the Germrm 1-mild up is not t/")o stro:rio- '"le "'il1 s11cceed in punr~no; out . 11 11 Gener:il ClA.r,. toc":.v 9rt':lrfoined r"'s c1"ssr,,r>te Brip;. Gen . ..0ce rit l1mch . In tr,e p·"'t9r110on r,e receivPd,., c"ll f'ro~11 Ge:rierr-1 Gir,.,ucl, 'me. Cr-t:roux (w o is }1Gre 0·1.., tour of Fre11.cl-i hosritnls) .,,,,.r1 Gener...,l DP.V'nck, G8nerrl Gir,,un 1 n CriP..,.. of StP"f. rrjtr Ge11Arsl GirP.ud, tl,e f',J-r1.-r Comnrnrler discussed r:iuestio11.s o.c:> the French forces i'1 :!°tR.ly rnr' the brhr;ing ~n of oth"r"' . GeY1erPl Girnud srid he vro·1ld "'end tre /,th ('•ountain) Divisfon nt once iP 09n0rnl Cl"'r1 i:isJ.:ed for it but th,.,t the r mules -Por ct1rrvh1p- its e,U~f"'1Ant 170'Jld be [1P1"( to fi"'ld chir:rinP, for - it rould require mo11.ths ..,5 ti, 4~re rresent ::i 'l" il" hl0 cr::i.ft . Grmerri 1 Cl:, rk sd_r1 ho I d be gl<>cl to rave t e Di. v:i.sion r-,~.d v ould st,1r'ly the .,,.,ul8 questj on . I erh"rs the 4th cculd r9ljev3 Rnoth8r c1ivision 11wl use its trqnc;port . G8nernl :,ucas se11.t in the follm•in~ cr>.ble "rit}' rr>gr' rrl to th 0. sj tur tio'1 j n the fort of' 11.nz~o . R'T 39. ff] revriilirif{ •me1tlii=;r , r,en.v;v r« ·n, sleAt, li,:,;rtning ri'"d stro--i.p; .,.; d.s . "TnJ.013.rli"lf, c f' Liberties Pn<l over benches ;~possible . Fo eir rc.iids durino- ni.rht but Anz:i.o J:iprbour «>nlled ½v ho-;t·;19 70'1~ rnnr;c rirtil11;ry. CnrturAd rloc11me11.+, incl icrites ,meny d13fr,nsi V".3 t" tti tune 0'1 +>rent of 1 '3t Di vi:1ion . J:o i=;vir1ence PS vet o" l}err1an couY1ter,:ittacv r>g"inst e['st +'lnnk. Flan to continue n 7P'ressi. ve !'econnn. i ssr>Y1ce "l'lr' loc" 1 attacks to i=;n ln.rge beF cl1hew' . Fire o:ri 1.'T 4,:,2 ·"T"'('r'3ntly r0sulte0 in sin1 "'lC ,:r-j oY• to 1mlo"c f 11c:. T" 1ill rP.:rort e"r ct f 0m,, re ·i lriter . tt 1 General Cl.Pr'\.:: tod;:,y cnbbd Adriiral Lowry, Co~'unn.nder of the Eiphth Amphibious Force, and General House, of the XII Air Support Comriand, expressing },is appre ciation for the fine '>Ufport tb 0 j_r respective forces hP.d given the Fifth Army in thoi.r recent l.ondinf;S at A"'1zio . * * * CA~~?.TA --JANU(IRY ?7 , 19li4--The Army Conimander ' s notes on todey ' s f'ctivities fol - �low: "Flew to 1:'rench ~xrer itionr>ry Corps this morni'1P' in order to encourri ge further atto.c 1rs b;r tl1e 1rd Al1seriAn Divj sion B 1d to chec1r on the coordinetion of thi:it 11ttrick ·1 itr t 1 e 14?nd Coribrit ':'ear'l. 'Jext "ent by air to Presenzano 17hore I went b•r jeep to the '31+ th ri vision 0f '"!h0re I observed the 168th Infantry in its attack acro:·s tre Rnpido River . It seemed to he going vrell. I imrressed upon botb tbe Fr1:mch Pnd the II Corps Co ,rnanc'ers the obsolute necessjty for rill out ePfort, th=•.t I hn.d s}:iot my wod nnr'l this 'ras my last chance to bre:i 1r throuph into the Cassino posit; on anc th'1 t I 1'new the Germans / were equally deter..,::.11.ec'l to 1teep us out. Upon rriy r0turn to my cornm:,nd rost at A.bout 1700 , I tele'Jh0'1ed both ar;A·n to inpress upon trmri the all-out nn.ture of this Ptt- c1< . I thfm nent from trie 34th Dj_vision or to the command rost of tbe B5th Jn-n~n:1try f"cing Cn.ssino . 1 Upon rw return , Gr-meral Alexander asv;:ed to see r10 . He is worried. Pbout \ the slo1 mess of the Pttac1,;: in t 11e north b~r the VI Corps . I "'m too, and 1,ave been ... or flt least 43 hours . Al tliour;li I did 11.ot tell J,irri, I 1movr thnt he has received a rerson, 1 telegre.m from the Iri~,e ri~.nister 'rho , from his rlesk "'t #10 Do.ming Str8et , is going to direct the bettle here in ItPly. The Frime wants an attr-ick , Rol"e f>nd fl vj~tory, not'"rithstanding- tncticf'l or logistical \ reasons to tlio cn'1.trary. !hen I told AleYr11,,er that I ·, s going ur personr'lly torno 7ow and woulc:1 stay up f'or severn 1 0a;rs, he H"-=; coripletely srtisfied for I told him it 1.'TP.s my ideA. to lay on an all-ou+, coor(lj n, tea corffl .'.'lttack support9d by tan1·s . 1 Gen9r'l.1 "'i lson A.sb::id 11n to comri to s9e him. After exrlainjn,;; the situation on both fronts , h~ told rie the rurpose of my vi'"'it "as to c'liscuss rith him ATTTTIL . Tnasnuch rs I am to co•i"'l<inrl tl1 •1t op"'rr>tj on, he -r~nts to deR 1 directlv wit11 rre and tc; P,et m:1 vie''TS . It was a r.ost s11tisf.-,ctory m9eting . I;e asked f'irst when 1 thought I riu,_.t leaV8 this battle in order to devote my full attention to A"lVIL . I rerlied sor~o tine Aro1md ; 1ar ch 15th or perhrrs later . He told me he was anxious for T"\O to remr in '1S lonr; [' s ro:--s; 0le, rJ.iich fits in exactly ,Tith my ic'leas . T tole him J ',anted to speA 1{ frankl7 , tririt the Fifth Army had lPnded rit 'ialerno , ta 1cen 'fanles rt11d h.,ttled its way to tre north tl ro'1r;h re 7 lish terrain ann with hlood,r los, e,; n..11d th..,t it was eY1titled 1mder s my conr1, nd to tA.ko Rome - th,.,t if on Vie 15tJ1 of 1 '~rch J ,,,as battlino; Pt the gn.tes of ~{0""e, under no c; rcm,st'lnces shoul 1 I be r,ulled. out . H~ nssured rne t hat under no cond ·tions would he do no . I f'\lno told hi m t h,.,t if 1mder certB.in conceptions that A'liJIL should become a "fart 1.n the dark" of one division spavmin the ~~erl.iterrn.n0rn ..,ith no intention of lying /:my place, I wanted no part of it . Be nssured "'le U-..,t it ·:vas hj s desire thrt I stay .<J.l''J[ly,; vJit], the Fi.fth Ar-my and never even look Pt A. JIL . ·-;e discussed t},e tr:>ining of the divisions, thPt I ••rould get the 3rd anrl the 45th, th-rit I ·rould get the French battle - trEl ined d.i visions th, t I ·ranted . m=i told me trie only difficulty 'ms thPt Robertson said two divisiorLS co 1ld not be mounted out of T;,ples . I told hiP1 thrt I hesit11tecl to challenge sucli 8 loo;istical ex:rBrt r>s Gener;:il Robertson, but thPt I Wf'S dan.n sure t:1at two could ,,,ithout interferjnu; with the Italian cPnipaii:~n. He expressed a desire to help me get such embers of my staf-1" as T .,,anted , t "t he · oulcl fly here rigcin soo'1 to discuss A'TVIL nith ne and. 11 s sured r1e of 1-ijs complete cooperation in , s sist~ :ng me in my effort. 0 0 1 GenerAl ClArk too.a:, '."ll'ote to Genorn.l Juin , of the French E'Terlitionary Corps ; Gen':!r[:ll Keyes, of the II Corrs; and Genernl PcCreery, 10 Corps, thrin1-::- \ �ing them for the spl8ndid J11anner in wh·:ch thPir c_or s carried out tl'eir role_ in facilitati11g t}19 success-1:ul lD.nclings of' our forces in Ue vicinity of \nzio. The Arm;! Com1"1Rnder has bee'1. disturbed by the too infrequent sitwtion rer,orts coming from 7I Corps rnd for this reason C"'bled Genern.l Luers, RN 53?, askinr; tl:1'."t brief reports be submitted f'reqnentl v, 0 n estirn:ite as to when Cister11r> would be ta1 :on, short stnte·"'lent bis ;rrrregsions nnd '~lans and the rr0o-ress of unloadin1;. Ferso"1al Luc"'.S "ror, Clark. RP 555. "If po.~s1 ble I desire thAt your rl"n involve coordinated r>.ttac"k '·itr use of f'rmor 0'1 Jrnu<>ry ?9th. Hill discuss details to'llorrow. 11 * * * FR~ >i.~rzA 10--JAl'Ul\1:.Y ?q, lq/i/4--Gemr:s.1 !Jlrirlc 1-rs felt +>or some tjTie thnt the force at Anzio is not 1Jr:>i11i:s pushec'l for,"r,1 -rith suffic-i_ent r <;rre"'Si veness and thrit orr-ort, n.;ties to "!a1rr-i JX'Orr'9'3, 11.orthF11rr! ''1j le the (;.9r]'1'1r n troors 'were as y9t disoro;"njzo.d rt t e ti'!"le are beino; lost. ./\ccorr'inn-lr, 1.e rietermi.ned to P'O at 011ce to tl e An.z~ o -"'ront Pnrl urge Generrl Lucas to 1njtiate rggressive action at once . ~~ He arose at 0345 this morning , breakfasted "Tith General Brnnn, Sflville B"l'' h:i s aides rnr1 lAft hJ ca:r- for tl e :rnoutl1 of the Volturno .,here he harl. arr1mp;ed to meet TT Borts /,hOl and , 1')lt;. His cwh r1:rtion by storm boat VTP.s very <ljf"ficult, as tl-te 1•,9.ves 1ere l"-ir;r, Pn' V1e orer.,tcr of hi.s boflt, unf8.mil"i.r,r ,,ith t},e chPnnel at the !"lout of' th9 riv""r, 1 it R bnr anrl shirred a greqt deal of ',2ter, 11etti'1,.,. t e Gonerfll '"'nr1 evr;r ro,9 ,.,-i+, him. -":ventu...,lly, mmver, the ho, t, wm·e r,ic 1red un, P.nd the r<irty -;ot 1mrler 'l!'iV c1t 06::>0, 35 "lirn1te•3 lriter th,nY' t:1ey li.c1.d beer ~chedulc:,cl to 1 enve. Gr-mer/'11 Clerk rncl General T3.,,..2nn, Colonel T-l'01;ar"', Colonel Bo•rrnpn, l;e:rit'1.in Pef rd ··ood qnd i 1r . Gerw'si,) of' Collier's, vrere 011 I"' oc1t (?01, 9nd on}"' 'R011t f?16 were Ge'1er11l '-i'"'Ville, ,,,.. /'JoJ.onel Fhr 1·er, Colo>1n,l Jjblo, CPpt~in Le' ;s, r. Fo rle of CBS, ri1d CPrt"lin L~rpson. The tri , rmt "noothly nntil Pbo 1 1t ,even "1:i lPs c,.outh of An.z:· o, "'hrm the :vr ''"C)l nas cha lJ engect b:r a nij nesweRrer, the A:1 l?C, then r bout ;::, , oc,r yPrcls to t,i-9 north. :St. Irtterson, ,..n17l"k"r.di'1,.,. the '1')('7 , 4 r,nedintel,r Cf"Used r:;reen '"'nr' ello•; -Plrires 2nc1 11 ,i11 on the blin1'er to be f'ircd PS 'mrn:inr: to the mi '1.es nerer trrt tre rrr ror> cM np- 1,o.,ts ·-,r-re Alli8d , hiit tre minesueer,or, supposing tl-ie t· o r'T' Bont-, to be Ggr,,,Pn.,.., boPts, orened f' 4 r0. fl. nu,..,,,ber o.,.. l+O·'l:'1 srAll w10 '5--inch shell -,8r8 firer., Pnd on8 ~hell struc1' thn deckhouse and GYrloded Phont 5 feet f'ror, Grmert:'l Clrrl'. 0 1 I I I All three r,,,,...,l o.,...,..icers on th9 sr.ip vmre hit, al3o tHo n"V'l rrn "s. one n.t the, ,--heel of' thP V8"''3el. T'113~Lr.r:n Rr-mson, 11ho hrd been hit I in the legs, nl"'-;110 1 1,,.1,, no orie 1->ut Ben'3on 1me" j t Pt t½n, tirne, ~ot to h'is feet P,11,n tool.• tl"C) 11-ir:iel o+' the bort . The rm 11 ?01 swuni:r 1.er ,:;tern tow11rr' t},e firin.g vessel n.nd, ~ "ter ;,one el<>y, sped a·vay _,.,rom tl-i8 shir. The IT t?l6, , hich was bring Frrroxim;::it11ly 1 SO :mrrls t'lstern ::tno to the stPrhoPrd of tl--ie '1 201 nlso turned and hegqn to 'T!a1 '8 P.. run for it. .All o.,.. the fire fron tbe vessel that wes shellini:; t. e F':' Bo-'lts ""S directed at the FT 1201. Poth-inq hit the lT ?16, ,vhich n.J.so brd br:ien blinkinP' tlie corrAct recogni- �49 \ rPr,onn"'l F1.bor-1rri t'be J T ''?Ol imn180i~tely p;ot out a fj.,.,;'t r, :i.rl 'rit Pnd rut sul:l:anilimide i:1to th9 munds o" th0 five n' vr 1 "t0n ::1nd triPd to tr 1•C<3 ct.re of t1'18rri. H'our o-f' th0 r11:m "T8rA on dPc ", and they ''mre 1:Jl8ed i_ng T rofusel v. t. lmost h<il+' of the deC1 " WA..3 COV8red 'ith r)lood. or tr'P -"j_VP, r.10'1 'ho 'TP,r8 hit, four were ~Jj_ thi:a 6 f0et o+' '}enernl Clark. ThA -"j_fth mrin "1rs belo v i;.1 tre tiny mess hri 11. he t r10 rT BoRts srcirl to-·mrd r; ve T"ines-·,eerers thrt hFd been se,gn to the soutt· r h"H' an hour be-f'orP Genl'lrPl Clrrk's t" 10 sh-:.r-s i:tot ,·,it},i"1 r~m;"l of the :-,ines\'leeper 1 s PUn. A-"ter "o e Pnxious ro,..,Gnts, dur::i'1f; ·-rrich the IT '90:1.ts 7ere .,l,le to iilent·:"'r tben"elves sat~_sfri.ctori_l•r to tre ninesweep3rs, the J·T 1?01 nulled 11lo110'side the Dritish r,-inesweer9r IT''S Acute. The vessel fortunntel.7 hRd A.. rloctor q1Jor-rd, A."'lrl, ,-,-"ter srrv1p j "f~ culty, t)-,e ·"ive ~101mded -;ere tr"'nsferred in l:ltters f'rom the l ':' "01 to the Acute. It '7rs discovered Pt th:i s t~rne thPt ~nsign Bfmson hi,d hrndled V1e : T Bo"'t desritc 10rious ·shell fra"'r,ent t'ounr1s in his leF;s. ':'he doctor, Pf'ter look::.np; quickly rt -,Jl tho mf'm on the shir, decided tb.t the .,ir'Jt '"lf'n to be ,..,e"'loved "'hould be F.nsign ~ori~lr'l, si.,....ce O11.e o+' 1-ii_"' leg ~rterios h'ld heen "'0V9red. Lt. Jr-l.tter2on, Com1?01, hnd su"f1;red seriou:-> shcill 10unrls in both le~s .?nd "11")!" ncer of the i T so hnd n -"r" r.tm~ed l 80'. '::'he rian do"-rn in th, nie:.;s room hAd been hit in the sto"1ACh rind Also had a fr"ctur"3d n<:Jlvis bone. The oth9r enlisted man h d b,d his lmce cri.p blo·m ,·r:-:i·r rind •".Tns in ITent rain. The skipper of the H. M. S. Acute is Cmdr . Andrew Edward Doran. hile the T1e11 ,-9,.-,e ½ein~ tr, 1ren off the Vi' hOl Pnd moved to the hosr 0 t,l Abo~ra t,h9 H1 B AcutA, Gener:-il Br:-,nn and 0,ri.. -tsin Ber>rcrood tri9r1 to ·erS1wr1e Gonernl C1Pr1" thrit re should "lot :::i.ttempt to 1:'f;f'in go :into Pnzio. Generrl \ Clr>r 1 decl.,,red thnt he hr>d to get in and thr>t )19 "'P s ~oing to tl,1,:e the chPnce, r ev<1n tl--i.011gb the l"-i.nesweeper Plir'ht ~ P'P in shell the two } T Bont"'. After instructinr: +,he Acute 1 s sk:ipper, CornPnder Doran, +:.o get tre men to '3. }osritP1, Gener"'l CJark ordered the t,·10 PT's to head once ag11in for fnz~o . Upon reqcrjn~ th9 aren "here they hfld heen shel1.ed before, th1; fT ; 1?01 agnin sent ur the proper recognition flr>res f'nd ½linked the sri'lle correct letter on its blin1rnr liP"0t . After soroe time tbe ship reco~nized the t -;o Aneric~11 boats and P,rPnted the 1"' /f?Ol nArrnission to cor1e alono;side. 1 \ 1 "hen tbe J T 11?01 '7aS vrithin haili11,,. distance, th~ skipper of the torpedo bo"'t, who hr>d trpnc;ferred roT'l the IT l/:'?16 to the FT 11 ?01 ?s she ''83 lylng alonr;sid e th !'\.cute, :i nforriPd the CaptP i 11 o+> the Ar" l "0 th~ t he hacl fired upon an Arierican 2hip ann thrit he hPd eUb1r 1 rill<.3d or '"ounded five Hn.vy nen. T½.e skipper, shouting t½roug} a negr>phone fro;ri the bririge o-" his s ip, decl"'red thRt 11e bad believed the two vessels 1·1ere Germa11 r: bor-ts, th"'t becPuse of' the slantjn_q rays of the errly Morn:inr; sun, do m which the two IT boPts vere trA.velinrt, he ~;:id bAen unoble to 0-i stinruish any- rAcognit1on sign, ls. •Iencc he had f'ired upo:1 tr ship . Tie r1ec}f'rl'Yl Unt b~ trcmght he · RS doi'1f; his cluty. J\130, be sRiri thet at the ti:18 he h d -r-:.r0d upon t 10 0 sl--i:-c's r r1011vy enemy f'ir rf'id on Anzio ·1as in rro ress, a;-1d he ind:ic~ted tbflt h'3 t 1"ought :rerhnps the bonbing had beAn ti:1"3d to coincide ''lith an attri ck upon hipr•ing h~,r enemy E bor=>ts • 0 0 0 0 .Af'ter snne rrgmnent bPc 1,;: A-nd forth, the IT //'201 to :,ard. A'1zio. Rnd heflded tt4 1 t:( ,, .Tu:-:t RS the Fm ½orts ~ot ~_nto th0 l1rrbor, the third enem:r nir rnid of the l"lorri:l ng strrted, "l."'ld t,l10 TT '1?01 Pncl / 1'21-S cru:i.sed ~rou>1d the }·qrbor 1rhile the enemy unsuccessfullv bonbed shipping. 11.t PlO the FT f'201 ~nil rT /!?16 drff'l up Plone;side shippine; tied "t i'11zio dock, '1.nd Q-9nerr-l ClnrJr nnri. his r"rty debrrked. rrr;:msnortntion ,"'3 rustled ur, flnd Ge'1err 1 Clrirk ···ent im..1119dirtely to the corrnnd ~ �50 post of Generi=tl Lucas . General Clri:'.'k conferr9d with the VI Corps ConnP.nder Pnd ~rged upon him the necessity of .sn ir,1mediate attP ck which he fixed for Sux1dny morning. He pointed out to Gc:merrl Lucas the fPct thPt full ridv2ntage of the landing could only be tAken by bold Pnrl aggres"1ive action,ay,rl thPt delAy now •rould only perr'lit the enemy to build up forces orrosite the Fifth Army amphibious force . 0 Following this conference GenerPl Clr,r1c re-ernbPrkAd rnrl returned to the Volturno mout h, transferrinsi; to storn boat and crir successively Hnd reaching h·is comnHnct post ~,et from sprry anc1 waves v1hich he.d been shipped in the storm boats . Today the N 1 v;cmce party for Gen0rn 1 012 rk I s personal section at the TP c tical GP a.t the new beachhead was embarked . This consisted of Sgt . Don, CpL Shusteric and Cpl. Yermolovich, with the General I s jeep, on MP ;jeep, a second living van and the radio jeep with two operators . S MP 1 s were also taken along as a personal guard for the Gener81. This p8rty accompanied a group of officers and men selected frol'1 each section in the 1-TeadquJJrters necessary to the operPtion of a small Tecticn,l Conmnnd Fost . GenerPl Clrrk plA.ns to divide his time between the regular command po,;t end the be2 chhead comwnd post. At General Clark ' s direction ris conmancJ rost ras moved todriy from the palace gro1Jnds at Caserta to n hillside Just south of Presenzano-., The r,1oving W,9S done in the absence of GenerPl Cl'="rl~ on his trip to Anz:i.o , a,1;d was largely completed by the time he returnecl . I 'T'he following important messRges were received anr1 dispatched today: For Lucas fron Gruenther . RN 2005 . "CIFC, T'!F'.D believes coordination be tween Arm.~r and 1\dmiral 10,n·y not close enough . :sspeciall;f as regerds 2bility to receive shiDping . See Lowry and 8dVise . u From Lucas to Clark. RN 72 . 11 Recent inform<>tion incHc~tes 45th Division enroute . In accordance with my messe,ge 60 , will start corps attack tomorrow . 11 From Lucas to Gruenther . rJRN . "Armored counterettack force from 1st Arrnorecl Division now available . Consists of 2 br.ttali.ons tanks , one bPtt a l ion of 0rtlllery, one battnlion of infrintry. 11 Gener2l Clrrk today received a short note from General VJilson , Comrr;:,nrier-inChief, Allied Force Heec3']unrters , thanking him for his many courtesies during the latter's visit to Fifth Army Headqurrters rnd extending his best wishes for the present campaign. * * * FRBSE 1,TZANO--JA11JUARY 29, l 9M.1---Today General ClArk re!"la ined Pt his command post except for a short trip by jeep to hnve a discussion with GenerPl Welker, Cof'ln°nd.ing the 36th Division , concerning the pror;ress of that oj vision in its rittack. l\.t 1130 General Devers rrrived, conferred 11dth Gener11l Clark Abont t}'ie org1rnization of the ~rnerican forces in the theater Pnd about the rro1sress beiri.c; nr->.de in planning for /\. 'f\iIL rmd OVV:RLOR.D . Throughout the day the General received f'reqmmt r1 essar;es concernin~ the � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - 28, 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1-January 28, 1944. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1565 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/65a98b87e1cd54a9cf3ceac3b0265611.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=OFYjYZqC3Ku4Yo4a3C-M8NRAmAoEQ1mgXTiwdYqs%7Eg7ueN0E9F0YvZcdkqA69e-D8ym99UPnZBNkwdQYp0%7EV-cwekRYdvPh-y0QUdt6De6DAQb46QBBB7q%7EogztBlt0QN8i9p7dLTJs8B0xME%7EzYicLkUNLOajeHhTI3govZ6YVd2NVRYcsU7jj7aIfyvV6lob2I7Fw69H%7EwmTqzF9sFHZnhUAHMQSeg%7E6oXHm3Bj5zAS0B6vmCVZnvALy59kYhoKIDauMiJUbis0WfLaEJYqY-O6ouENGseCCKVwiUsuoY-xttvteaAeHfEMYAVWjv8kPOcCjIzqtYhYEy25XSZHg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 03b77e1c370a8770f71af12060cf7f35 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM DI AR Y OF GENERAL !A.ARK W. CLARK 1948 SAN FRANCISCO - l JANUARY 1948 - General Clark remained at his quart ers until 1145 hours at which time he went to t he Office r s' Club where he held his recept ion for the senior of ficers at the Post from 12 t o l p . m. He r emained at his quarters the balance of the day • • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 2 JANUARY 1948 - General Cle.rk arrived at his offic e at 0845 hours where he attended to routine office matters . He retur ned to his quarters at noon and there r emained . ( • * SAN FP.ANCISCO - 3 JANUARY 1948 - Thh morn_ing General Clark held a conference to organiz e for a National Guard meeting on Monday, the conference lasting from 0930 to 1045 hours . He then saw Colonel Oxx, Colonel McMahon and General Davidson after which he went to his quarters .- In the afternoon he played golf and in the evening the family had dinner with Mrs . de Latour • * • SAN FRANCISCO - 4 J}.NUARY 1948 - General Cla rk remained a t h is quarters during the day and in the evening attended a recep tion given by Mayor nnd Mrs. Lapham for Mayor-elect and Mrs . Elmer Robinson at the Mayor's residenc e • • SAN FRANCISCO - 5 JANUARY 1948 - General Clark a rrived a t 08no hours and after talking with General De.vidson at 0830 hours received Major General Kenneth F. Cramer, Chief of the National Gua rd Bureau in Washington. At 09 00 hours , Genera,l Clark , accompanied by General Cramer, op~ned the National Guard Conference . In attendance at the conference were the Adjutant Generals of th~ states comprising the Sixth Army, senior instructore , and other officials . Genera l Olarlc remained at the conference until 1100 hours at which time he returned to his office where he attended to routine details . The General had. lunc-h at his qu a rters and in the afternoon return ed to his offic e where he received the Adjut ant Generals . At 1600 hours he attended a Guard of Honor ceremony for the Adjutant Generals and General Cramer, which was i mmediately followed by a recep tion at the Officers Club for the conferees . • �SAN FRANCISCO - 6 J.ANUARY 1948 - General Clark left his office at 0900 hours, accompani~d by Lte Colonel Rothrock and Major Luther , and drove to Hamilton Field to meet the Secretary of the Army, Kenneth C. Royall. He was met at Hamilton FiP-ld. by General Schramm, acting Commanding General of Fourth Air Force. Secrettrry Royall' s plane landed at 1005 hours and with General Clark the Secretary's party proceeded to the Presidio where they received a Guard of Honor. After completion of the ceremony, General Clark escorted the Secretary to the office where the General presented the State Ad.jutant Generals to the Secretary along with several of the senior staff officers of 1 the Sixth Army . At noon General Clark escorted the Secretary to the Pala.Ce Hotel where Mr . Royall delivered an ad.dress to the Cormnonwealth Club . Immediately following the luncheon , th~ entire party proceeded to the University of California wher.e they were guests of Dr . Sproul, President of the University of California, at the cyclotron demonstration . Following this , the Secretary's party and General Clark went to the President's home for a short reception after which the General returned to his quarters and theSecretary to his hotel o At 1900 hours the General escorted the Secretary to the San FrA.ncisco Press Club where Mr. Roya.11 was the principal speaker • • SAN FRANCISCO - 7 JANUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at the Mark Hopkins Hotel at 0645 hours where he picked up Secr~tary Royall and Mrs. Royall and e·s corted them to Hamilton Field where the Secretary ' s party took off at 0730 hours . General Clark r eturned to his office and attended to routin e matters and then departed for his quarters where he p acked for his trip to Hawaii , scheduled for tomorrow . In the evening , General Clark and family had dinner at the residence of Colonel and. Mrs . Sullivan, today being Col. Sullivan's birthday. • • SAN FRANCISCO - 8 JANUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and proceeded to clear up a.11 ma.tt e rs before his departure this afternoon for Hawe.ii . He conferred for e. long time with General Davidson and then issued general instructions to Colonel McMahon concerning his mail and At 1030 hours the General~ returned to his quarters to finish packing and then had lunch with Mrs . Clark . At 1330 hours General Clark and Mrs . Clark and Ann roceeded to Pier 7 where they boarded the Navy transport, USS GENERAL BRECKINRIDGE. Genera.I Clark will be in Hawaii for almost a month , conferring with General Hull and s1so taking a short vs.cation . The boat sailed at 1400 hours. the procedures to be following during his absence . ... * HAWAII, T .H. - 9 JANUARY 1948 thru 8 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark and family in Hawaii to confer with commanders there and to take a vacation. SAN FRANCISCO - 9 FEBmJARY 1948 - General Clark and family returned from Hawaii abosr the USS G~.wRA.L G. M. RANDALL . He was met at the dock by General Robertson, General Davidson , Major Luther and Ceptain Waters . That evening he had n few of his close friends in for cocktails • • • �5) SAN FRANCISCO - 10 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hour s . He spent the day catching up on the work that had accumulated during his month 1 s trip to Hawaii. In the evening, General Clark and family went to the Yacht Club for dinner as guests of Colonel and Mrs . Sullivan. SAN FRANCISCO - 11 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours. At 1000 hours he had an appointment in his office with Me.jor General Luther D. Miller, Chief of Chaplains . Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Waybur , parents of Lt. Waybur ., a Congressional Medal of Honor winner in the Generalts command in Italy, called on the General at his quarters at 1630 hours . The General spent the evening at home. SAN FRANCISCO - 12 FEBBIJ.ARY 1948 - General Clark a.rrived at his office at 0915 hours and attended to routine matters in the office . In the afternoon he pla.yed golf and in the evening was host to Captain Samuel E. Latimer , USN' , Captain of the USS GENERAL RANDALL, on which boat General Clark and family returned from Hawaii. SAN FRANCISCO - 13 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and a.t 1000 hours went to L~tterman G enere.l Hospital to present pictures autographed by Secretary of the Army Kenneth Roye.11. Eight patients received these pictures . The General left his office at 1245 hours and remain d at his quarters. In the evening General Clark and family were guests for dinner at the home of Colonel and Mrs . Frank Oxx • • SAU FRANCISCO - 14 FEBRUARY 1948 GAneral Clark played golf in the morning , and in the afternoon and evening remained at his quarters. SAN FBANCISCO - 15 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark and family had lunch with Mr . Paul Verdier at his home in Sonoma County. That afternoon they attended a cocktail party at the home of Mrs. Caldwell. SAN FRANCISCO - 16 FEBRUARY 1948 General Clark arrived at n1s office at 0900 hours and after going through his mail saw Lt. Colonel Gray on two court martial ca.ses, which he reviewed. After seeing General Davidson and Colonel McMahon the General left his office to go to hi s quarters. At 1130 hours he called on Mr. Edmond Coblentz , publisher of th Call-Bulletin .. fr o Coblentz has been ill for sometime. The General had lunch at his quanters and remained there for the a fternoon.· * • SAN FR.A!TCISCO - 17 FEBRl'JL?IT 1948 - General Clark arrived a.t his office at 0915 hours and after going over his correspondence and dictating some 1 tters , saw Mr. Tonroth, fonnerly with the Information Section, who is now l eavi ng to go into private business. General Clark sp ent the remainder of the morning in conference with General Davmson and then dictated severa l let ers i n order t o �( cetch up on his correspondence. General play~d golf. ( After having lunch at his quarters, the • SAN FRA.MC ISCO - 18 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived e.t his office at 0900 hours and immediately talked with Colonel Grogan . At 0930 hours he had a conference with General DavidRon and later. accompanied by Colonel Slocum , went to visit the proposed location of a wartime command post in the case of any emergency. The General approved the use of this location a s an advance command post , and recommended that something be started on a permanent CP further to the ree,,r . After returning to headquarters . the General went over his mail and at 1230 hours entertained General Kippenberger and Colonel Fairweather of the N ,w Zeal and Army. General Kippenberger had lost both legs while serving ih Italy under the coomand of GenerHl Clark. ( SAN FRANCISCO - 19 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours. fter going over his mail and official documents , he received General Upston , new Commanding General of the Fourth Air Force. Later he received Major Genera 0 Docfl Waldron , who is now head of the Veterans Hospitel at Palo Alto . General Waldron desired that General Clark come to Palo Alto in order to speak before the Rotary Club. At 1100 hours General Clark held. a long conference with Generals Robertson and Davidson cone .,rning Reserve activities. At the conclusion of the conference , General Clark went to his quarters for lunch. In the afternoon , he played golf. During the evening, General and Mr s. Clark attended a party ior Ann's friends at their quarters . Mr . and Mrs . Ezra Clark were among the guests , having just arrived from Michigan . * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and conferred with Colonel McMahon concerning his appointments for the n xt few weeks . Later he went over his correspondence , and at 1000 hours rec~ived Mr . Stewart , Deputy Collector , Internal Revenue Division, regarding his income tax . After a long conference with Mr . Stewart . the General s aw General Davidson and later in the morning dictated several letters . In the evening , acco~pa.nied by Mrs . Clark, the General attended dinner at the French Club, given by Mr . Joseph Cauthorn of the San Francisco News. SAN FRAliCISCO - 21 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark played go lf this morning and after lunch rested . At 1930 hours the General and rs . Clark ha.d dinner at the home of Mrs . Richard McCreery, Burlingame , aunt of Lt . General Sir Richard MeCreery, who was comme..nder of the 8th Army under General Clark in Italy. * * * ~ SAN FRANCISCO - 22 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark remained at his quarters this day , taking a long walk in the aft rnoon , and in the evening had cockta.ils with Marguerite and Ralph Talbot . �53 ( SAN FRA:biCISCO - 23 FEBRUARY 1948 - This day beine a holiday, General ~ark remained away from the office, and p l ayed golf • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 24 FEBRUARY 1948 - Gen eral Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours . He immediately dictated some letters and later telked with Colonel Grogan concerning his r,peech on St . Pat r ick's Day, to be delivered in Seattle before the Fri ndly Sons of St . Patrick . Later he had a long confer~nce with General Davidson , and saw Colonel Slocum of G-3 . After lunch , he returned to the office and at 1500 hours received members of the Committe on Medical and Hospit al Services of the Armed Forces . At 1515 hours the General was host at a cocktail party given at the Officers Club in honor of the committee . Aft~r the cocktail partjr , General Cla.rk returned to his quarters where he had dinner . * ( SAN FRANC_ISCO - 25 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and sp ent the morning taking care of routine administrative matters. At _1300 hours he left for the San Francisco Airport, accompanied by Colonel Grogan a r. d Captain Waters, to meet Judge Robert Patterson, former Secretary of War. The..t evening the General attended dinner at the Bohemian Club at the invitation of Mr. Harrison and in honor of Judge Patterson. Following the dinner the group) went ta the Opera House where General Clark introduced Judge Patterson, who was the speaker for the American Brotherhood Week activities which were taking place at the Opera House. • SAN FRAMCISCO - 26 FEBBO.A.RY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent the morning taking care of routine admlnistrative matters. He remained at home that afternoon and in the evening was the speaker at a dinner given by the 600th ORO group at Stilwell Hall • • • * SAN FRANCISCO - 27 FEBRUARY 1948 - General Cla rk arrived at his office at 0900 hours. At 1000 hours he held a retirement ceremony in the hall of the Headquarters Building for Colonel Montesinos a,nd. five enlisted men. At 1100 hours Admiral Paul L. Mather, ' the c0mmander of the ship that had taken General Clark to Salerno, stopped by the office to pay his resp..ects to the General. At 1700 hours the General attended a cecktail party at the Pacific Union Club, given by Messrs. Brady and Smith. SAN FRA.MCISOO - 28 FEBHJARY 1948 - General Clark played golf with Colonel Pete Kilburn and two other men • • • S.Al! FRANCISCO - 29 FEBIUARY 1948 - General and Mrs. ClRrk had dinner and attended the Bingo party at the Officers Club with Colonel and Mrs. Donaldson. • * �( SAN FRANCISCO - l MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours. At 1000 hours he was briefed by Colonel O'Hara and Lt. Col. Taylor in preparation for his conference with Mr. J. W. Buppley, Chief Field Representative of the Federal Bureau of the Bud.get, to be held on the following day. Mr. Nathan Ou.mmings arrived from Honolulu and was met at the San Fra.ncisco Airport by Captain Waters. That evening General a nd Mrs. Clark entertained Mr. Cummings at their home • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 2 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours Mr. Bupp ley of the Federal Bureau of the Budg et arrived at the General• s office te pay hie respect• and to discuss and coordinate relationships between Sixth Army and the Budget Bureau. The Genera,\ spent the afternoon on the golf course and in the evening remained at home. * • SAN FRAlW ISCO - 3 Ml~CH 1948 - Genera.l Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spend the morning taking care of routine administrative ma.tters. He rema.ined at home in the afternoon and in the evening went to the quarters of Lt. Col. Howard Meore for dinner and to see some home movies that Colonel Moore had taken in Europe. • ( * SAN FRANCISCO - 4 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at 0900 hours saw Lt. Colonel Gray, JAG. He spent the rema inder of the morning taking care of routine administrative matters and in the afterneon was the speaker at the Presidio Women's Club meeting held at the Officers Club. The General spent the evening at home • • SAN FRANCISCO - 5 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent the morning clearing up routine administrative ma.tterth He played golf in the afternoon and attended dinner at the Press Club in honor of Mrs. Clare Booth Ince • • SAU FRAN'CISCO - 6 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived. nt his office at 0900 hours and had lunch with Mr. Nathan Cummings at the Hotel Fairmont at 1 pm. In the afternoon the General and Mrs. Clark were guests at a tea and. cocktail party at the home of Mr. and Mrs. George Cameron, Rosecourt 1 Burlint;ame 1 to meet Miss Nan 'rucker and Dennis McEvoy. The Gen eral returned from the cocktail party, changed into formal dress, and attended a dinner at the Officers Club given by Colonel and Mrs. Woodward in honor ef Mrs. Clare Booth Iuee. SAM FRANCISCO - 7 MARCH 1948 - Gen eral Clark spent the morning and afternoon at his quarters. That evening he was guest of General and Mrs. Robertson for dinner a t the Yacht Club. • • • �5.5 ( SAN FRANCISCO - 8 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arr-1ved at his office at 0846 hours and at 0930 hours saw General Weaver and a Mr . Peterson to diaeuss preparations for the coming Army Day ceremonies. He spent the afternoon on the golf course and that evening attended n dinner party given by Lt. Col. and Mrs. D'Orsa e,t their quarters. • SAN FRANCISCO - 9 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0815 hours. At 0900 hours he opened the conference held at the Ceurt Martial Building where the vari ous commanders in the Sixth Army area were assembled to discuss the coming reenlistment drive. T~ General then attend d a . luncheon given fer the commanders at the Officers Club and tha t evening wae the gpeakar at t he banquet. held at the Hotel Berkeley in Oakland by the Reserve Officers Association. • • .SAN FRANCISCO - 10 MARCH 1948 - Genera l Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent the morning clearing up routine administrative matters in prepa ration for the trip to the Northwest. He left by plane for Fort Lewis that afternoon• arriving to be met by General Kendn 1 and other members of 2nd Division staff . He immediately w.,nt to the ort Lewis Inn where he would stay the_t night . In the evening General Cla.rk had dinner at the Fort Lewis Officers Club and then returned to the Fort Lewis Inn and retired for the night . ( roRT LEWIS , WASHINGTON - 11 ROH 1948 - Gener _l Clarlc breakfasted at the Fort Lewis Inn and , accompanied by General endall and rs . Clark . entered the reservation at 0900 hours . Since thi~ was the first time the Commanding Gen eral of Oixth Army had visited Fort Lewis this year , troops lined the roadway from the main gate to the parad ground where a guard of honor was inspected by G~neral Clark . ring this time the General received a 17-g,un ~alut . After inspection the G,neral went to Divi sion Headquarters with General Kendall and \ias oriented on the training of the Di vi don by General Kendall and hi~ Chief of Staff . Gen eral Clark was then interviewed by the local press following which he began inspection of the training of Second Division . General Clark had lunch at the Offic ers Club and in the afternoon continued inspection of the Division . includine; a Division review held. in hiR honor. That evening the General spoke at the Sojourners Lodge in the Fort Lewis dasonic room • • FORT LEW IS-CA!v!.ANO ISLA.ND - 12 MARCH 1948 - General Clark continued his inspection of the Divis ion tratning and at 1030 hours left the Post to go to Olympia where he paid a call on Governor Mon C. Wallgren. Immediately after this he returned to the Fort Lewis Officers Club where he hRd. lunch with Mrs . Clark. They then drove to Seattle and went to the home of Mr . and ~rs . Tom Griffiths . Later , accompanied by the Griffiths, General and .. rs . Clark fajor Luther , they drove to Camano I sland where they would spend a few days., and. C ·IANO ISLAND - 1~3 ~ROH 1948 - Gen eral Clark spent the day fishine on the Skagit River . That afternoon Ann Clark flew up from San Francisco to join her family . �C O I LAND - 14 IARCH 1948 - General Clark spent the day fishing . CAMANO IS~ND - 15 MARCH 1948 General Clark spent the morning resting and in the afternoon went out fishing on get Sound with ? r . Griffiths . CAMANO ISWTD- STANWOOD , lASH ~ - 16 iARCH 1948 General Clark spent the morning fishing and then rested in the afternoon . He worked for a time on his speech and that evening, accompanied by the Griffiths , Captain and Mrs . Paul Wagner , Mr. and Mr~ . Lauren -kLeod , and Hrs . Clark , drove to Stanwood where they were guests of the Stanwood Commercial Club at a dinner attended by the leading citizens of Stanwoodo SEATTLE - 17 MARCH 1948 - General Clark left Camano Island at 0800 hours and drove to SeRttle , going to the Olvmpic Hotel where he was to stay as guest of the riendly Sons of St. Patrick . General Clark spent the mornine with Colonel Grogan , who had joined him , going over his speech , a.nd at noon had t h e Army Advisory Committee of Sea ttle as his guests for lunch . Following the lunchpon, Generp.l Clark rested ~..nd then finished his speech for tha t evening. t 190° hours, General Clark, accompanied by Mr . Joe Sweeney and the off ice rs of the Friendly Sons of St . Patrick , attended the dinner at which the. General was the guest speaker . ( SEATTLE-SAN FRANC I SCO - 18 lA.RCH 1948 - General Clark left the Hotel Olympic and drove to the airport where he boarded his plane piloted by Lt . Colonel Howard. Moore . Mrs . Clark and Ann , Colonel Grogan and 1'- ajor Luther accorJpanied the Genera.lo (continued next page) �( SAN FRANCISCO - 18 MARCH 1948 - General Clark and party returned from the Northwest• arriving Hamil ton Field at 1327 hours. ( General George C. Marshall arrived Oakland Airport at 2110 hours) • SAN FRANCISCO - 19 MARCH 1948 - General and Mrs. Clark left their quarters at 0910 hours for the University of California to attend the final Charter Day cere.monies during which General Marshall was the main speaker and was presented with an honorary degree. Following the ceremonies they had lunch at the home of President Sproul. At the completion of the luncheon, Mrs. Clark returned to quarters and Genera.l Clark attended a cecktail party and reception in honor of General Marshall given by the Press Club, the Commonwealth Club and the World Affairs Council. At the eoinpletion of this, General Clark, accompanied by General Marshall, returned to the Presidio for a cockta11 party at the Officers Club in honor of the Secretary of State. Following the cocktail party General and Mrs. Ola.rk changed to formal dress and that evening attended the CaliforniA Alumni banquet held in the French Room of the Palace Hotel. • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 20 MARCH 1948 - General Clark played golf with Colonel Pete Kilburn, Colonel LlGyd and Colonel Louis Martin • * • SAN FRAMCISCO - 21 MARCH 1948 - General Clark end family at the Protestant Chapel on the Post. That evening Mrs. and Mre. Robertson attended a cocktail party at the home t'ollewing which they were joined by General Clark at the for dinner and bingo. • • • attended services Clw~ and General of~-. Nichols Presidt o Officers * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at 1000 hours went to the Marin Memorial Building to epen the Economic Mobilization Course being hel there. He returned to his office and spent the remainder of the morning talcing care of routine administrative matters. That afternoon he remained at his quarters to meet Bumpy and Bill Stevenson (Oberlin Cellege President) whe arrived there about 1545 hours to spend the remainder of the afternoon and night. SAN FRANCISCO - 23 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office a.t 0900 hours and spent the morning · taking care of routine administrative matters and preparing for his departure for the East. He remained at his quarters throughout the afternoon. • • • • SAN FRAMC ISCO - 24 MA..'SiCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours end remained there until 1100 hours when he returned to his quarters to preps.re for his departure for New York City. At 1230 hours he left the Presidio for Hamilton Field and at 1350 hours was airberne enroute te New York City by way of Alburquerque. * •• �( NEW YOB CITY - 25 MARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived. at i tchel Field, lirew York City, at 0730 hours . He WRS met by Lt . Colonel John Crowley, senior aide to General Courtney Hodges , Commanding General of First Army. The General , accompanied by Colonel G rogE1.n and Major Luther , went to the Hotel stor wher they iere to stay dur · ng their time in New York . General Clark had lunch with General Hodee~ at Governors I sland , which was also attended by General Wyman , General Woodruff and (hmeral Jaynes . General Clark returned to the hotel and r steel during the .. fternoon . That ufternoon he had dinner at the Waldorf Astoria with former presiden t Herbert Hoover " * NF.W YORK CITY - 26 l.' ..RCH 1948 - General Clark had bJ:-P.akfa.st in hio hotel suite . He then had luncheon with CEirdinal Spellman and that afternoon had ROme friencts in for cocktails. After dinner he went to see the mu ica.l comedy HIGH BUTTON SHOES . * * NEW YORK CITY - 27 MARCH 1948 - General Clark saw ~r . Jay Lovestone, United Ladies Garment Workers Union , and then !, r . Minot Dole, President of the Ski APsociation of America. Later he called on General Julius Ochs .ler of the New York Times and had lunch in his hotel with Generc1l Matt Ridgeway. In the Afternoon he sa.w Georg Sokolosky , news featur, writer . That evening the Genera.I w nt to dinner at the Twenty- ne Club with Clare and Henlj.. Luc , and later saw the play MR o RO ERTS , starring Henry Fonda . ( YORK-~ASHTNGTON , DC - 28 ROH 1948 - General Clark left his hotel and drove to itchel Field where he boarded his plane , accompanied by Colonel Grogan , Lt . Colonel Jack Nygaard , who had joined him in N~w Yo rk from Fort Dix, and Major Luther , and flew to National Airport , Ws.shington , DC., arriving 1215 hours. He was met at the e.ir-port by his mother and General and Mrs . lfred M. Gruenther. The General went immediately to his mother's apartment where_ he would ste.y while in Washington . In the afternoon the General rested , a~d in the evening , accompanied by his mot.her and Major uther , attended a cocktail party given by Mr . ancl Mrs . Katri tz , friends of Mrs . C. C. Clark. N-1:J vASHINGTOM , DC - 29 ViARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived. at his office Dt the Pent~.gon :Building at 0900 hours ana spent part of the morn ng heing briefed on the conference by Colonels Groga.n and Slocum . Colonel Slocum had flo1.vn in from San Francisco y ,sterday . Lat ,r in the morning the Genera.I cal .ed on General Gruenther at his office a.nd then went to pay his respects to the Secretary of National Defense Forrestal . He returned to his office and made an sppointment with Senator Harry Cain (Waehington) for lune at the Sene.t" dining room. At 1500 hours the General c J.led on Senator Wherry (N eh re.ska) and then returned to his mother 's apartment . I n the evening he had cocktaila and dinner at the quarters of General J. Lawton Collins , Assistant Chief of Staff. WASHTNGTON , DC - 30 MARCH 1948 - Genera l Clark arrived e.t his office at 0815 hours and conferred with Colonels Slocum and Grogan on the subjects on the Conference Aeenda for the day. The conference began at 0900 hours and the Gene r al remained there until lunch time . After seeing several people who called �on the General , he returned to his mother's apartment . In the evening the Generc1.l had dinner with ~rs . Clark , his aunt Mrs . ~arshall and Mrs . Graham , a friend of his mother. ( * \ H fTON, - DC - 31 \{lARCH 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0815 hours and at 0900 hours attended the conferenc , where he remained until ~fter 1300 hours . The General then had lunch in the entagon Buildtng. Following lunch a conference wash ld of Army Commflnders r garding n :ws media coverage . They were briefed by Gener8l arks and then were photographed for stills and moving pictures and r cordings made o At 1800 hours the Genera l lef t the ntagon and went to the apartment of his mother from where he called his s on_ in Trieste. The General had seen Major Genera l MaX\1e ll D. Taylor , perintendent of West oint and General T aylor h~d requ8sted Bill Clark as his aide on Bi11 1 s return from ov erseas . Gene ral Clark ce.lled Bill to learn his reactions . In the evening Gen ral Clark attended dinner given by GenerRl end Mrs . Omar Bra.dley . WASH NGTON , DC - 1 .APRIL 1948 - Gene ral Cla rk saw Brigadier General Edgar E . Hume regarding the General ' s receiving the I talian decoration - Grand Officer { of the Uili tary Order of Italy - either in Italy or in ,., shington from the Italian Ambassador , thinking such pln.ces for the citation may a i d in the battle against communism . The General then attended the conference following which he saw ChAplain Pat Ryan , s sistant Chief of Chaplains and former ifth Anny Chaplain . The Gen eral again saw General Hume , who , having seen the Italian AmbRs ~ador , decided to drop the matter re~prding th, Italian decoration . Gen ral Clark return(~a to his mother's apartment and spent the afternoon there . That evening he attended a cocktail Rnd dinnBr g iven by fro Fred.e ric Pat e rson , a fri nd of r~ . Clark . WASHilHtTON- CHICAGO - 2 APRIL 1948 - GenerB-1 Clark attended the final phase , of the conference this morning . He left the conference at 1130 hours and ca.lled. on General Eisenhower for a 15 minute conference , leaving the building immedi a tely thereaft er to go to the National Airport where he boa.rd d his plane . To see him off were his mother , Hrs. •arshall , Mrs . Graham and Mr. Pater~on , also G neral Cnrl Grey of the Veterruis inistration . Gener'"' l Cl rk ' s plane left the airport at 00 hours and landed in Chicaf,O ~t 1530 hoursc He was met by Nate Cummings ' son and escorted to the Hotel rake where the (}enerRl sp ent the night . During his stay in Chicago the General had several conferences with 1r. Oummin gs . CHICAGO- SAN FRAHC ISCO - 3 APRIL 1948 - Accompanied by ~r . Cummings , the Genera l drove to the airport wher he boarded his plane at 0800 hours , l andin g for lune a t Cheyenne , Wyoming , and arriving Hamil ton Field at 1900 hours . * ( SAN FRANC I SCO - 4 APRIL 1948 General Clark spent the morning p laying go lf . He rested in the Aft ,rnoon and in the evenin~ had cocktails at the quarters of Coloneland ly rs . William R. Woodward , following which he was their guest at d i nner and bingo at the Officers Club . �SAN FRAf'JC! CO - 5 Arm:i Day 6 Apri L , RTL 1948 - Gen~r 1 ClP--rk ~pent the day in preparati on for ( SA1' FBA rGISCO - 6 .. R L 1948 - GenPr' 1 Clv rk arr ived at his offic at 0900 h ours .nt over h .s spe ch for Anny De.y . At 1000 hours he talked with Admiral truble USlT i w o had arr ·v ,a to rece ve a d.,coration in the af terno on . I mmedfat ly following . is v isit wlth the Admiral , Gen e ral Cle.rk hacl a conference on t.h final p ans for the ceremony this a.ft rnoon . He left i ~ office at 1100 hours and visited the various exl1ib it s on the parade ground . He had lunch at his auarters ann. t h.en returned to th parad ground at 1520 hours and from thia sideline vi wed t h e children's parade . At 1600 hours he at · ended vesp~rs at the ost Chapel.. · t 1630 ho r~ h met with i r . Bing Crosby ~ho came in from Lo s Angeles to receive a decorati on . J t 1700 hours the General attend d the decoration cerJmony Hnd parade and ~t this vent the General dec orated a num er of indiv i duals for outstandj_ng serv ice , including the resident e Cita.tion of f. eri t to Bing rosby for outf\tancling work CJJ.ring the war . I mmediately following the ceremony, General CL .rk held a reception for th . . vi s iting dign it aries in the Offic rs Club. * * F~ :.rcrsc - 7 · IL 1948 - Gen ral Clark went fis ing this day and in the evening had cocktai sat the quarters of General Davidson . 11 FRP.UC ISC - 8 RIL 1948 - Generc,1 la rk arri\red B t his office 0900 .ours saw General avidson and Colonel Grogan e He ten talked with Colon~l c fahon regc;_rd ing his trip to ri z one. • . He then dictated corr spondenc and went over routine offic~ matt rs and a t 1130 hours saw Colonel Gray on some court martie.l cases. He return~d to his querters for lunch and after returning to the office for a ti e wen t to Letterman GenAral Hospital \Gere he visited wi.th his fri .,nd G ,ne rel Walter C., eeney ( retired) who i s having n operation . The Gen~ ral spent the evening at home o S when h SAW FRANCISCO - 9 APRIL 1948 - General Clark arrived at Hs office at n915 hours anc talked wit h Colonel Grogan rewarding his receiving the Ita lian Decora ti on. At 1000 hours the Genr.:rA1 received I talian Consu l Gen ral Giovanni Bosio and they rec orded speeches to be sent to Ita ly . J t 1100 11ours the decoration c~remony was held a t which time G ,ne ral Clark received Ital~r; s highes t military order - Grand Officer of the ilitary Order of Italy Following this , the Gen rel a.nd Hrs . Cla rk held reception A.t the Off ice rs Club for noted Italianericans The G ner 1 then plRy~d golf in th~ aft~rn oon . s SAN FRAIW ISCO - 10 RI1 1948 - General Clark p layed golf this day . F. IO I CO 11 RIL 1948 Gen eral Clark played g olf in th rema i ned at hi s quarters during the afternoon a..~d evening. 1 morning. H * A] U :-i'" CISCO - 12 .APRIL 1948 - Gcmiral Clerk, accompani ,d by frs . Clark , left b y car at 0830 hours . The, stopped at Salinas .nd had lunch with Ralph Ifughes, an old friend of the Gen r a l They con inued on to insp ..,ct Canp Rob rts and �spent the night in Senta Maria . EDTROUT:El - 13 RIL 1948 - 1 rs . Clark continued on to Los g les by car where she took a pla.ne for hoenix ano. then drove to Oracle , Arizona to the ranch of Lowell Thomas urrs,y . General Clark inspecte"d Camp Cooke and then boarded a plP.ne and flew to Tucson wh .re he was met by ~r . Tom 1-'urray, who drove him to th~ ranch at Oracle . 0 "CLE, ARIZONA - 14 0 CLF-l'HO IX - 15 hour~ when he drove to RIL 1948 - Gen~ral Cle,rk spent this day at the ranch . RIL 1948 - General Clark rema.invd Pt the ranch until 1400 hoenix and stayed at the horn~ of Mrs . Ann John~on . HOEN I , ARI ZONA - 16 APRIL 1948 - General Clark c0nf err ~d with Colonel Jake Zell ~rs 1 senior National Guard Instructor of Arizona . The Gp,neral then went to th Adjutant G-~neral' s office where he ce.lled on Gen rel Tuthill e.nd conferred rd th National Guard officers . He then celled on the Governor Rnd was received by the S cretary of State , Dan Carvey because of i l ln , ss of the Gov e rnor. He then returned to th..., AG ' s office to confer with Regular rmy Officers At noon the General attended a luncheon at the Westward Ho Hotel In attendance were Army Advisory Committee members and distinguished citizens and military people . Immediately after lunch th ~ General boc rded his p lane to fly to Palm Springs wh~re he stayed at the home of the Darryl Zanucks . * PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA - 17 APRIL 1948 - General Clark spent the ds,y relaxing at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Darryl Zanuck. Other guests pres~nt were Mr.end Mrs. Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Cotton, Colonel and Mrs. ( Constance Bennett) John Coulter, and Mr . Howard Hawkes • • • PALM SPRINGS-MONTEREY-SAN FRANCISCO - 18 APRIL 1948 - General Cla rk left Palm Sp r i ngs in his plane at 1200 hou rs end landed at Monterey Nava l Air Station at 1530 hours. He att ended a meeting of the off i c ials of t h e Bank of Ame rica at Forest Rill Inn a t Pacif ic Grove tha t night • • FORT ORD-SAN FRANCISCO - 19 APRIL 1948 - In t he morning Gen e ral Clark inspected Fort Ord in company wit h General Jens Doe and at 1330 h ou rs arrived a t the Presid io of San Franci s co by car, accompanied by Mrs. Clar k. • * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 APRIL 1948 - General Clark a rrived a t his office at 0930 hours and worked on accumulated correspondence~ He later had a long conference with General Davidson on the activities of moving troops to .Al.a'Ska and al so to the Hanford Atomic Plant at Richland, Wa shi nt;ton. Later the Genera l talked wi t h �( Colonel Grogan and Colonel McMahon. At 1215 hours he left the office to have lunch at his quarters, and in the afternoon played golf with Colonel Lloyd and in the evening had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. George Baker • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 21 APRIL 1948 - General Clark arrived e.t his office at 0845 hours and at 0900 hours saw Lt. Colonel Gray• Judge Advocate of Sixth Army, on two court martial cases. Later he had a conference with John Brown, president of the Brown Military Academ7, and then conferred with ·Colonel McMahon concerning arrangements for the trip to the Northwest next week. The General then took care of personal correspondence and tht!ll held a long conference with General Davidson. He returned to his quarters for lunch at 1230 hours and remained there in the afternoon. At 1730 hours the Genere.l attended a reception at the Bohemian Club in honor of Mr. and Mrs. C. O. ~. Miller's 50th wedding anniversary, and from there went to thecocktail party given by Mr. and Mrs. James A. Taggert. • • SAN FRANCISCO - 22 APRIL 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately conferred with Colonel Grogan concerning his speech to be given before a combined meeting of the Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club and Foreign Trades Club at Oakland. After finishing work on his speech, the General was then given a last minute report on movement of a portion of the Second Division to Alaska. Later he talked with Colonel McMahon and at 1130 hours left to attend the luncheon meeting in Oakland, e.ccompanied by Colonel Groga.ri and Capta.in Waters. The General did. not return to the office the rest of the day~ • SAN FRANCISCO - 23 APRIL 1948 - General Clark breakfasted at the residence of Archbishop Mitty with Cardinal Spellman at 0800 hours. Ca.rdinal Spellman had arriTed this morning by air from New York enroute to Australia. The General returned to his office later in the morning and worked on routine office matters requiring attention. At 1000 hours he went fishinc with General McKay outside the Golden Gate, retuming early because of rough weather. Mr. and Mrs. Lowell Thomas Mur1.. ay arrived in San Jrancisco at 1800 hours and were dinner guests of General and Mrs. Clark that evening. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Griffiths arrived from Seattle by air to be the hou.oe guests of the Clarks • • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 24 APRIL 1948 - Mr. and Mrs. L. T. Murray, who were stayinc 'a t the :Bachelors QJ.larters 42, arrived at the Clark residence at 0800 hours to join the family and the Griffiths for breakfast. Immediately following breakfast they departed by car for Washincton State. General Clark went to his office for a short time and then escorted Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths on a ride around the city. That evening General and Mrs. Clark had several people in for cocktails, after which the entire group went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Frank Oxx for dinner, end then went to the Officers Club for the dance. After leaving the group, General and Mrs. Clarlt and Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths visited several of the night spots in town • • SAN FBANCISCO - 25 APRIL 1948 - Oeneral Clark spent the day at home with Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths, who left forSeattle that evening • • �( SAN FRANCISCO - 26 APRIL 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and i mmediately had a long conference with Colonel McMahon and Lt. Colonel C. C. Smith regarding his trip to the Hanford Atomic Plant s.t Richland, Washington. Later he discussed his trip to the Northwest with Colonel McMahon again and at 1030 hours saw General Pape concerning G-2 activities connected with the Hanford Plant. The afternoon was spent play~.ng golf• • • • SAN FRANCISCO-RICHLAND,WASHINGTON - 27 APRIL 1948 - General Clark left his quarters at 0940 hours f or Hamilton Field where he boarded a 0-47 piloted by Lt. Colonel Howard Moore and was airborne at 1025 hours. At 1325 the plane landed at Richland, Washington where the General was met by Mr. Carleton Shugg, the plant manager of the Hanford Atomic Plant, Mr. David Shaw, the Assistant Manager. Brigadier General Henry D. Meyer, Commanding Officer of maneuvering forces from the Second Division which were in the Hanford area, and Colonel Michael J . Geraghty, the new Army liaison officer at the plant. The General toured the plant by automobile and returned to the airport at 1600 hours at wh1. dit time he departed for Seattle, Washington. He arrived Seattle at 1730 hours and was met by Colonel Willia..rn Doneldson. He spent the night at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Griffiths. • SEATTLE, WASHmGTON - 28 APRIL 1948 - General Clark was guest speaker at the luncheon of the Rotary Club of Seattle held in the Olympic Hotel. The meeting The General spent the night with the Griffiths. was presided over by Mr. Warren Kraft, the vice president. • SEATTLE, WASHmGTON - 29 APRIL 1948 - General Clark, accompanied by Lt. Colonel Howard Moore, went to Hope Island where he spent the day fishing with Captain Paul Wagner. He returned to Seattle that afternoon and spent the night at t he home of Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths. SEATTLIJ-WENATCHEE, WASHINM'ON - 30 APRIL 1948 - General Clark had a conference with the commanders of the civilian component ·units in and about Seattle, at which time he discussed the problems that were confronting them. At 1430 houre he departed from Boeing Field at Seattle by plane for Wenatchee, arr1Ting there at 1540 hours. He was met at the Wenatchee Airport by Mayor Arthur H. Pohlman and Mr. s. A. DiGiorgio, who was the director general of t he Washington State Apple Blossom Festival being held at Wenatchee. He was t aken -to the Cascadie_n Hotel in Wenatchee where reservations had been made for him and his party. At 1800 hours he was entertained at a cocktail party at the Cascadian Hotel giTen by Mr. and Mrs. John R. !iehbourne. Following this, the General attended the Princess Banquet, Blso held a t the Cascadien Hotel at which he gave an informal talk . At 2130 hours he went to the high school auditorium to participate in the Goieen 1 s Ball- which was being held there. The General left this ball and went across the street to the home of Mr. and Mrs. James Hu.bush to attend a party they were giving for him. Following this, he went to the home of Dr. and Mrs. Voltaire L. Bosquet where he was entertained at a midnight luncheon • • • • �WJ.NAT.CHEE, WASHINGTON - 1 MAY 1948 - At 0930 hours General Clark participated in the Apple Blossom Festiva l parade as the honorary grand marcher. After leadin,; the parade through the streets, which were lined with an estimated crowd of over 100,000 persons, he entered the reviewing stand and watched the rewt of the parade go by. Taking part in the parade with him was the Governor of the State of Washington, Mon c. Wallgren and Rear Admi~l Fort, commandant of the 13th Naval District at Seattle. At the end of the parade, the General went to the home of Mr. and Mrs. C. G. Johnson (president of Wenatchee Chamber of Commerce) for lunch. At 1600 hours the General went to the Columbia Hotel where he attended a reception for the businessmen of the Apple Blossom Festival Committee. At 1930 hour, he attended the coronation ceremonies pf Q.u.een Lila Lee by Governor Wallgren. During these ceremonies he gave a short radio address, followed by a short infonnal speech. At the conclusion of the coronation ceremonies, General Clark returned to the Cascadian Hotel for the night. • • Wl11ATCHEE-ELLENSBURG-SEA.TTLlil, WASHING!ON - 2 MAY 1948 - At 0945 hours General Clark left Wenatchee by air plane, arriving Ellensburg at 1030 hours. He was met at the airport by Mr. Lowell Thomas Mnrray end taken to his home. At 1445 houre the General returned to the airport and de19rted for Seattle, arriving there at 1545 hours. He was met at the airport by Colonel William Donaldson end taken to the home of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Griffiths. That evening he met Mr. Nathan Cummings, who had just flown in from Chicago. Following his conference with Mr. Oumminf;s, the General returned to the home of the Griffiths to spend the night. * ( SEATTLE-SPOKANE, WASHiliGTON - 3 MAY 1948 - At 0945 hours General Clark left Seattle by plane for Spokane, arriving there at 1155 hours. He was met at Geiger Field by a reception committee, among whom were Mayor Arthur ~R. Meehan, Lt. Colonel Gerald R. O'Melveny, Mr. Robert A. Wilson (Scottish Rite) and Colonel Albert Shower, deputy commander of the Spokane Airforce :Base. He went from the airport to the Hotel Davenport and thence to the Masonic Temple where he was the guest speaker at a luncheon. Following the luncheon engagement, the General returned to the DaTenport Hotel where he spent the afternoon resting. At 1800 hours he attended a cocktail party given by the Reserve Officers Association and following this he was the principal speaker at a dinner also given by the Reserve Officers • • • SPOKANE-SAN .FRANCISCO - 4 MAY 1948 - At 1000 hours General Clark made a recording to be broadcast later over the local radio stations. At 1030 hours he h"1d a press conference, attended by both junior and senior press clubs. At 1100 hours he went to the Gonzaga University where he gave a short talk. At noon the General attended a lw1cheon meeting of the Spokane Che.mber of Commerce at which he was the principal speaker . Fol l owing the l uncheon he went directly to Geiger Field where he boarded the C-47 at 1340 hours and departed for Hamilton Field, California. General Clark arrived Hamilton Field 1845 hours and returned to t he Presidio of Sa~ Francisco arriving home a t 1920 hours • • �( SAN FRANCISCO - 5 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He immediately had a long conference with the Chief of Staff concerning his recent trip to the Hanford Atomic Energy Plant. After seeing Colonels Grogan and McMahon, the General spent the rest of the morning catching up on correspondence, which had accumulated during his absence. The General had lunch at his cparters and later played golf with Colonel Lloyd. He remained at home during the evehing. • * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 MAY 1948 - General Clarlt arrived at his office at 0915 hours. At 0930 hours he received General Cooke (Brig. Gen. Elliot D.) Assistant Adjutant General of the Department of the Army. LatP-r he discussed several matters with General Davidson and then held a. conference with Lt. Col. Smith and Colonel Slocum. He then wrote thankyou notes to people who had entertained him on his recent trip. At noon he returned to his quarters for lunch. The General remained at home in the afternoon,' and in the evening had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Mex Lilienthal, civilian aide to the Secretary of the Army • * C • SAN FRANCISCO - 7 MAY 1948 General Clark arrived at his office 0900 hours. At 0915 hours he saw Mr. Al Schwabacher and another member of Mr. Schwabacher•s firm. Following his conference with Mr. Schwabacher, he conferred with General Davidson and then talked with Colonel McMahon. At 1100 hours he -left his Headquarters, accompanied by Mrs. Clark and Ann and General and Mrs. Butts (Brigadier General Edmund L., Retirftd), to attend the Jraces at Bay Meadows. The General and party wer the guests of Mr. William Kyne, General Manager of Bay Meadows. At 1900 hours the General entertained Mr. Nathan Cummings at dinner. Mr. Oummings had just arrived in town from the East • • ✓ SAN FRANCISCO - 8 MAY 1948 - General Clark spent the day fishing. SAN FRANCISCO - 9 MAY 1948 - Genera.l Clark played golf in the morning. remained at home through the afternoon and evening. He * SAN FRANCISCO - 10 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours where he attended to routine office matters. At 1730 hours he had cocktails with Mrs. C.R. St. Aubyn. At 1900 hours the General was dinner guest of General and Mrs. Butler. • ( • .. SAN FRANCISCO - 11 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900. At 0930 he saw Colonel Gray, Judge Advocate. He later presented the Recruiting Award to Major Raymond Black for having the highest recruiting record in the Arizona District. General Clark th.m worked on correspondence. He played golf in the afternoon and in the evening had cocktails with Mrs. Grace Benoist at 1800 hours. Ann ' accompani d the General, Mrs. Cla.rlc b~ing confined at home with chicken pox. * SAN FRANCISCO - 12 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He talked with General Robertson concerning the Reserve Officers Board meeting �to select the General officers of the Reserve Oorps. At 1000 hours the General met the ten new staff officers who recently joined Sixth Army H adquarters. lt 1100 hours the General saw !rigadier General Wendell Westover, ExecutiTe for Reserve and ROTC Affairs in Washington. At 1130 hours the General met the candid.ates for General officers Reserve Corps. Th y were introduced by General Robertson. At 1215 hours the General was host at the Officers Club for the candidates for General officers of the Reserve Corps and for General officers of Headauarters. In the afternoon he went downtown and in the evening gave a dinner party at the officers club. Those in attendance were. Dean Witter Mrs. George de Latour, Mr. and Mrso Georg Baker, Mr. and Mrs. John F. Neylan, Paul C. Smith, Paul Verdier, Mme. Suzanne de Tessan, General and Mrs. Robertson, General and Mrs. Davidson, General and Mrs. Weaver, Joe Cauthorn, Mr. and Mrs. Coblentz, Mr. and Mrs. Nion Tucker, Nathan Cummings, Mrs. St. Aubyns. ) SAN FRANCISCO -13 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He immediately talked with General Davidson and then saw Mr. Matthews, of the Historical Section of the Department of the Army in Washington, to confer with him on several questions concerning the campaigns in Italy. Mr. Matthews is completing histories on the Fiftti Army and other armies in lihrope. At 1100 hours the General saw Colonel Charles L. Fox, Commander of the 91st Infantry Division (Reserve) and discussed with him the Colonel's present status · since he has not been in good health, and the question of relieving him has arisen. At 11(30 hours, Frank Gowen of the State Department, and formerly assistant to Myron c. Taylor at the Vatican, called on General Clark. Mr. Gowen is an old friend of the General's having met him on many occasions in Rome. He is here on State Department work. The General left headquarters at 1230 hours and after lunch he returned to his office for a short time when he worked on his speech to be given tomorrow at the graduation exercises of the Aerial Observer Bombardment School, Mather Air Force Base, Sacramento. The General then returned to his quarters and remained there throughout the evening with Mrs. Clark who is still confined with chicken pox. • SAN FRANCISCO-SACRAMENTO - 14 MAY 1948 - General Clark left his quarters at 0815 hours, accompanied by Colonel McMahon, and drove to Hamilton Field where he boarded a 0-47. piloted by Colonel bard Moore, and fl w to Mather Air Force Base and delivered the graduation address for the Aerial Observer Bombardment School. He returned to the Presidio about 1400 hours and spent the afternoon at his quarters. SAN FRANCISCO - 15 MAY 1948 - General Clark drove to Hamilton Field to meet Under Secretary of the Army Willi8m H. Draper. Jr., who arrived at 1300 hours from Waahington, D.C. They returned to the General's office where they discussed various subjects. General Draper was then taken to BO~ 42 where he would stay during his visit. At 1845 hours the General accompanied General Draper to the Pacific Union Club for dinner where General Draper was the guest of honor of Mr. Vic Breeden. SAN FRANCISCO - 16 MAY 1948 - General Clark picked up General Draper at 0900 hours and accompanied him to the University of California Extension Auditorium where GP..neral Draper delivered the address at the World Trade Convention. Immediately following General Draper's speech, General Clark returned to HeadQuarters where he remained until noon, at which time he rejoined Mr. Draper �at the Hotel Fairmont to attend a luncheon given by the World Trade Committee of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. Immediately following this luncheon the General accompanied Secretary Draper to the Bank of America where they met with various members of the staff• including A. P. Giannini, President of the :Bank. As soon as the conference was concluded, General Clark bade goodbye to Mr. Draper, who then left for Hamilton Field, accompanied by Major Luther, for his return flight to Washington. * SAN FRANCISOO - 18 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately saw Mr. Ma~hews to continue discussion of the Fifth Army history. This conference continued until shortly before noon, at which time the General conferred with General Davidsono The General returned to his quarters for lunch and remained there in the afternoon. In the evening he had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Colman at their home nt 1930 hours • • SAM FRANCISCO - 19 MAY 1948 - General Clark spent the greater part of the morning with Mr. Matthews and at 1130 hours attended a decor~tion ceremony for Mrs. Marie Smith, whose husband was killed in the war . (prison camp) Lt. Colonel Louis Barbour. After the ceremony, the General resumed his conference with Mr. Matthews, at the conclusion of which he discuss~d several matters with General Davidson. Later the General saw Colonel McMahon and then went to hie quarters for lunch. In the afternoon the General played golf with Colonel Lloyd. SAN FRANCISCO - 20 MAY 1948 - At 0855 hours General Clark saw Lt. Colonel Gray, Judge Advocate, regarding two court martial cases. Immediately following this conference, the General conferred with Mr. Matthews to bring to a close the series of discussions he had with Mr. Matthews regarding Fifth Army history. At 1145 hours the General went to his quarters and then, accompanied by General Davidson, went to the Bohemian Club as guest of General Walter Sweeney. That evening he had dinner as guest of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings at the Hotel :Fairmont. SAN FRANCISCO- - 21 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and after dictating a few letters talked with Colonel McMahon concerning arrangements for a trip to Montana at which time he will speak before the Reserve Officers Association convention at Great Falls. Later he ~orked on his speech for tomorrow and then went over several details with General Davidson. At 1130 hours he left his office and went to his quarters where he was picked up by Mr. Al Schwabacher with whom he had lunch and a golf engagement that afternoon. The evening was spent at home. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 MAY 1948 - General Clark depa rted by car at 0820 hours for Hamilton Field where he boarded a C-47, piloted by Colonel Moore, and was sirborne at 0900 hours. He landed at Great Falls, Montana Air :Base at 1500 hours where he was met by Colonel John H. Chennault, commander of the Air Base, Major Stanley M. Lane and Major Frazer of the Reserve Officers Association. He was escorted to his hotel where he held a conference with various members of the local Reserve Officers Association, immediately following which he held a �press conferenc . Later he worked on his speech and then attended a cocktail party given by Major and Mrs . Robert Jaccard, who had been ~ith the General all through the war and in Austrie.• Major Jaccard is now on duty in Great Falls . At 1900 hours General Clark attended a dinner given by the Reserve @fficers Association at which time he was the principal speaker . Immediately following his address, General Clark boarded his plane and depa r ted from Grea.t Falls at 2100 hours . GREAT FALLS-SAN FRANCISCO - 23 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived back at Hamilton Field at 0300 hours and we.s met by Captain Waters . He drove directly to his quarters and retired for the remainder of the morning. At 1000 hours General Clark played golf with Colonels Kilburn and Lloyd and spent the rest of the day at his quarters . SAN FBAUCISCO - 24 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his offic at 0900 hours . At 1000 hours he conferred with Colonel McBride, whom he had ask d to stop by nroute to Fort Ord where Colonel McBrid was reporting for duty. Th remainder of the morning was spent catching up on routine administrative matt rs. Following lunch the General returned to his office for a short time and then left for home where he spent the remainder of the afternoon and evening. SAN FRANCISCO - 25 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his offic at 0845 hourg . The greater part of the morning was sent attending to routin office matters . At 1215 hours he attended a luncheon at the Presidto Officers Club given by the Sixth Army G-1 Section in honor of General LeRoy Watson , new commander of the southern military district • ad Genera.I W. S. Paul . Following the luncheon the General returned to his offic for a short time and then went to his quarters where he had as guests Mr. and Mrs . Nathan Cummings, who arrived at 4 p . m. to stay for dinner . * • * SAU FRAN'CISCO - 26 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . t 1030 hours he received Colon l Prior-Palmer, British Military Attache in Washington . The remainder of the morning was spent doing routine office work . At lunchtime the General returned to his quarters where he remained the balance of the afternoon . That evening th General and his femily attended a cocktail party given by Genfl!ral and Mrs . W. M. Robertson at their q_uarters • • SAN FRANC I SCO - 27 MAY 1948 - General Clan: arrived at his office at 0845 hours. He spent the morning and afternoon attending to routine administrative ma.tt~rs . The General remained at quarters that eveningo • ( * * SAN FlWlCISCO - 28 MAY 1948 - General Clark arrived ~t his office at 0900 hours and spent the morning end early afternoon att nding to regular office duties. At 1630 hours General and Mrs . Clark attended a decoration ceremony on the Parade Ground, which included presentation of retirement papers of General James R. N. Weaver, Deputy Post Commander. Following the Ceremony, General �Clam went to the reception at the Officer~ Club in honor of General and Mrs. Weaver . That evening General and Mrs . Clark had dinner with Mr . and Mrs. Nathan Cummings at the Hotel Fairmont . ( • SAN FRANCISCO - 29 MAY 1948 - General Clark spent the day playing golf and resting. That evening General and Mrs . Clark and Ann met their son Bill at the Fairfield Air Base . Bill was returnine from Trieste , Italy after thr e years of overseas duty. The family returned to quarter~ about 2300 hours at which time General Clark presented Bill with a n~w Chevrolet convertibl . * SAN FBAl'iTCISCO - 30 MAY 1948 - General Clark end family attended church services which honored Decoration Day. That evening they entertained their eon Bill with a cocktail party at their qua.rters followed by dinner and bingo at the Officers Club . * * SAN FRANCISCO - 31 MAY 1948 - General Clark remained at quarters , this .day being a holiday . That evening he and his family went to dinner at the home of Mr . Vincent DaMassa . * SAN FRANC I SCO - 1 JUME 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 083) hours . He spent the morning taking care of routin~ administrative matters . At 0930 hours he tAlked over the telephone with Major General Charles L. Mullins, Commnnding General, 25th Infantry Division , who had just arrived in San Francisco aboard the USAT G"EN~L BUCKNER. At noon General Clark attended the luncheon at the Palace Hotel given by the San Francisco Rotary Club, at which he wns the principal sp aker . After lunch the General returned home wh~re he remained th rest of the afternoon and evening . * * SAN FRANCISOO - 2 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours . At 0930 hours he conferred with Lt . Colonel Gray, JAG Sixth Army . At 1100 hours he returned home where he posed for a picture with his son in front of the new Chevrolet convertible he had gotten for Bill . At 1430 hours General Clark talked with Captain Robert Morris , who had arrived from Honolulu that morning by way of a navy plane . In the vening General and Mrs . Clark entertained a number of guests with cocktails nt his qua.rters. Following cocktails they gave a dinner at the Officers Club and then returned home where they showed a movie • • SAN FF..ANCISCO - 3 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . At 1100 hours Mr. Giovanni Bosio, Italian Consul General , stopped in the General1s office to pay his respects prior to returning to duty in Italy . At 1130 hours the General had a conferenc with Mr . C. H. Nichols, head of the Army idvisory Committee at Bakersfield . California . He then he.d aR luncheon gtESts at his quarters Mr. Jack Corn lius and Mr . Nichols . The General played golf in the afternoon and that evening he and Mrs. Olarte went to the theater with Bill and Ann . �( SAN FRANCISCO - 4 JUNE 1948 - General Cla.rlc arrived at his offic at 0900 hours. At 1000 hours he conferred with Mr . Robert L. Spencer on his income tax. (Mr. Spencer is the income tax expert loaned to the General by Mr. Nate Cummings). He returned to his office after lunch for n short time and took care of routine office matters . The evening was spent at home • • SAN FRAMCISCO - 5 JUNE 1948 - General Clark played golf this day. That vening General and Mrs. Clark had cocktails at the home of Lt . Colonel and Mrs . C. O. Smith, following which they attended a formal dinner party and dance at the Officers Club, sponsorftd by G-3 Section. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 JUNE 1948 - Early in the morning General Clark and Bill went fishing . In the evening the GeMral and family attended a dinner party at th Officers Club given by Colonel a,nd Mrs. Woodward . Following dinner they remained at the club and played bingo . * SAN FRANCISCO - 7 JUNE 1948 - G ncral Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours. At 1000 hours he held a conference with his G-3 section on the maritime strike. The General returned to his ~uarters for lunch and r~turned to the office in the afternoon , to take care of routin matters . That evening he and his family were dinner guests of Mr. Paul C. Smith . SAN FRANCISCO-PORTLAND, ORE - 8 JUNE 1948 - General Clark, accompani d by Colonel Frank H. Oxx, 6th Army Engineer , and Mr. Paul c. Smith, ditor of the Chronicle, flew to Portland, Oregon to look over the flood areas . They returned from Portland at 1915 hour s . The Gen~ral changed clothes and went to the quarters of General Lawton at Fort Scott where he and Lt . Gene rel Matt S. Eddy were guests SAN FR..".UC I SCO - 9 JUNE 1948 - Generc.l Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. At 0930 hours he saw Lt . ·General Matt s. Eddy in his office . At 1000 hours he conferred with Colonel Llbyd . He had lunch at his quarters end in the afternoon played golf . At 1700 hours the General and Mrs . Cla-k entertained a number of guests at their qup.rters with cocktails in honor of the silver wedding anniversary of Colonel and Mrs . Stanley Grogan. That evening the General went to the Marine Memorial Building in San Francisco to attend a dinner given by the IslflDl Legion of Honor, at which he was the chief speaker. SAN FRANCISCO - 10 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. At 1000 hours he left to make an inspection tour of Fort Scott . Following lunch, the General played golf with Colonels Woodward and Lloyd and his eon Bill. The General suent the evening at home. �( SAN FRANCISCO - 11 JUNE 1948 - Gener 1 Clerk arrived at his office at 0845 hours ~nd at 0930 hours held a ~onference with Colonel Hughes and Lt. Colonel Dean (Colonel Hughes was replacing Colonel Dean as ORO staff officer with Sixth Army headquarters) . At 1215 hours the General attended a luncheon t the St. Francis Yacht Club as est of Mr . James David Zellerbach , the new European Recovery Plan representativ to Italy. The GenerRl spent the fter- noon and evening at home with his family • • SAN FRANCISCO - 12 JUNE 1948 - GenerAl Clark accot1panied by General and Mrs. Ro1)ertson General and Mrs . Gar Davidson, General and Mrs c Frederick B. Butler nd General Papef drove to the campus of the Univer~i ty of California, Berkeley., where theuwere escorted to Faculty Gl de to attend the luncheon given by the Alumni Association in honor of President Truman President Truman and his p·rty arrived at 1230 hours . General Clark sat to the right of the President at the Speakers Table . Immediately following the luncheon , General Clark joined the procession headed for the Stadium and marched in to the Speakers Platfonn at wh.:ch time he attended. the graduation exercises of the University . President Truman was the principal speaker. Following this ceremony, the Gener l returned to his quarters t the Presidio S F CISCO - 13 JUNE 1948 - Generl!l Clark remained at his quarters throughout the morning and t 1310 hours Genera.l 0 Hap 11 Arnold , ccompanieo. by his aide , Colonel ~heelay, arrived at General Clark tis quarters at which time General Clark joined the group and drove to Golden G ta Park to attend the Fl g Day eel br tion conducted by the Elks Club of San Francisco ~ President Truman was the principal speaker. Imm diately following the ceremonies , General ClaK returned to the Presidio and after resting a short time attended a cocktail party and dinner at th Officers Club given by Captain ana. frs . Frank Talbot . He left the club at 2030 hours and with jor Luther departed by train for Los Angeles . 0 LOS ANOELES - 14 JUNE 1948 - G neral Clark arriv d Lo Angel e ~t 09)0 hours ana_ was met by Brigadier General LeRoy 'l atson · nd Colonel Richard Hocker After conferring with General W8tson, the General went to the train m .sterns offic 1r1here he met other military personnel and Mayor Bowron of Los Angel s . ~t 10 0 hours the PresidQnt's tr in arrived and General Clark and other members of the r.ece-ption committee bo rcled the train .. n order to 'l lcome the President to Southern California. Iml!lediatel;r following the President t s rrivel, the parade formed . After the parade, the General attended a luncheon given by the Press Club at the Cocanut Grove of the Hotel Aabassador, at which President Truman w s guest speaker . Following this the General attended cocktail party given by the Press Club for mer:ibers of the White House press who were accompanying the President . At 1500 hours the General departed for the airport , escorted by General Watson , end arrived at Hamilton Field at 1820 hours . * �SAN FRANCISCO - 15 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived a.t his office at 0900 hours a_n d sp nt the morning taking care of routine administrative matters . He spent the afternoon and evening at home with his fani.ly . ( SD' FBJ.NCI SCO - 16 JUNE 1948 - General C lark arr ved at his off i c a.t 0850 hours and spent the morning taking care of routine admi nistrative mat t ers . He played golf in the afternoon with Admiral R dman , Colonel Woodward and Captain Talbot . That evening General CJ.ark e..nd family attended a cockt il party and buff et a t the Officer s Club as gues ts of Co l onel end Mrs . Andrew E. Fors~th . General Clark arrived at his office 0900 hours. He spent the first part of the morning catching up on correspondence and then conferred for a time with Colonel Grogan concerning the visit of the Austrian delegation to the International labor Organization convention here in San Francisco. The delegation consisted of: Karl Maisel (Secretary of labor), Johann Boehm (Deputy President Austrian Parliament), Gustav Hoffman (in Under Secretary of State's Office), Josef Harnmerl (Under Secretary of State), Eduard F. Stark (Social Research Officer of Austrian Trades Union Congress), Dr. Frederick Waller (Consul General of Western States from Austria), Dr. Fritz Hoynigg (Administrative Manager of Alpin Montan Society), Anton Feitscher (Secretary of Minister Albenburger). This group called on Gemral Clark at 1030 hours. Immediately after this conference, the General conferred with Colonel McMahon and General Davidson and then left his office tor his quarters where he had lunch and pa.eked for his trip to Carmel and Salinas. At 1300 hours the General, accompanied by Mrs. Clark and Major Luther, drove to the LaPlaya Hotel in Carm~l where they spent the night. In the evening they were joined by Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan, who had spent the day at Fort Ord. They had dinner at the hotel. The chef had prepared a large, decorated cake in their honor. SAN FRANCISCO - 17 JUNE 1948 - * * * CARME!r8ALINAS-SAN FRANCISCO - 18 JUNE 1948 - General and Mrs. Clark, accompanied by Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan, arrived in Salinas, at the Hotel Jeffries, at 1100 hours . Here they were met by Colonel Frank Heple (retired), whom the General had known while be was stationed at Fort Ord; Mr. J.C. Juri, chairman of the Reception Committee. They were escorted to private rooms in the hot el where they met the local civilians of Salinas and where they were joined by Ann and Bill, who had driven down from San Francisco. Mr. Juri's daughter had arranged for Ann to be dressed as a eow girl. At 1130 hours, General and Mr s . Robertson, Colonel and Mrs. Woodward, and Lt. Colonel and Mrs. Smith joined the General's party and after lunch at the Elks Club the entire partywas escorted to the Salinas Rodeo grounds. General Clark, Ann and Bill were taken to the stables where they were mount ed on horses and as the parade arrived at the stadi um, General Clar k joined Mr. F. E. (Gene) Dayton, head of the Salinas Rodeo Association, and rode at the head of the parade, followed by Bill and Ann. The General spent the afternoon enjoying the wonderful performance of the California Rodeo, and i mmediately following the close of the program, he and his party departed by car for San Francisco, arriving at 1945 hours. * ( * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 19 JUNE 1948 - General Clark played golf this mor ning. At 1230 hours he attended a luncheon at the Pacific Union Club given by Mr. Garrett McEnerney in honor of Mr. Basil O'Connor, head of the American Red Cross. The General was acoom}'.8nied by General Charles Saltzman, Assistant Secretary of State, and an old friend who had arrived. night before from Washington,, D. C. to take prt in the National American Red Cross convention here in San Francisco. That evening, �7S accom~nied by his family and General Saltzman, the General was the dinner guest of Mr. Nathan Cummings at the Hotel Fairmont. * * ' * * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 JUNE 1948 - General Clark playeq golf in the morning and after lunch rested. At 1800 hours the General and Mrs. Clark had cockta:ns at their quarters for the following, and then the party went to the Officers Club where they had dinner and played bingo: General Saltzman, Mr. and Mrs. Roland Harriman, Mr. and Y.rs. E. A. Mattison, Mr. and Mrs. Johnson or Muncie, Mrs. Spurgeon of Muncie, Lt. Colonel and Mrs. Hill, Colonel and Mrs. Browning, Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan, Mr. Nathan Cummings, Mr. Allyn, Mr. Stuart, Nir. Thely (friends of Mr. Cummings) Mr. Hayler of Muncie and Lt. Colonel and Mrs. c. C. Smith. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 21 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0840 hours and at 0930 hours conferred with Colonels Grogan and Ports with reference to the coming Borgstrom funeral ceremonies to be held at Trernenton, Utah. He spent the remainder of the morning attending to routine administrative matters. The General bad lunch at his quarters and returned to his office. At 1500 hours the General had a conference with General Butler concerning Reserve Officer activities. At 1530 Senor Benedetto D1Acunzo, the new Italian Consul General, paid a call on Gemral Clark. General Clark spent the evening at home with his fandly. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. At 0930 hours he conferred with Lt. Colonel Ellis, acting Sixth Army JA. At 1000 hours he saw Lt. Colonel Rockwell, recruiting officer for Phoenix, Arizona. He remained at home in the afternoon and evening, treating a alight cold. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 23 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0850 hours. After going over accumulated correspondence, the General held a long conference with Colonel Grogan concerning bis speech to be delivered at the National Red Cross convention this evening, and then he worked on the final draft of same. Following this the General talked with Colonel McMahon concerning his speaking engagements and then saw General Walter Sweeney (retired) and bis grandson at 1130 hours. He then dictated some changes in his speech and then went to lunch. Following lunch he returned to his office and studied his speech and went over additional correspondence. He returned to quarters and rested. At 1815 hours he attended a cocktail party given by the local chapter of the National Red Cross in honor of Mr. Basil O'Connor, General Clark and Mrs. Hickey, who will also speak. At 1900 hours the General, accomp.:1.nied by General Saltzman, Assistant .Secretary of State, and Mrs. Clark, drove to the Civic Auditorium where they attended the Red Cross banquet ~t which General Clark was the principal speaker. At the close of the banquet, General Clark went to the Hotel Fairmont where he attended a small party given by Mrs. Spurgeon of Muncie. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours. He immediately saw General Charles Saltzman, and talked with hi.m for the next hour. Later he dictated some letters and then held a long conference with Col. McMahon concerning the Selective Service program. Later he conferred with Col. Grogan and then with Colonel Slocum of G-3. Colonel Grogan then briefed the General on the schedule for the Borstrom funeral at Trementon, Utah on Saturd~. �The General left his office for lunch at his quarters, and spent the afternoon playing golf. At 1730 hours he attended a cocktail :party given by Colonel McMahon in honor of General Saltzman. General Saltzman departed this evening by plane to return to Washington. * * * * SAN FPANCISCO-ENROUTE TO TREMENTON, UTAH - 25 JUNE 1948 at his office at 0900 hours and worked on his speech to Trementon. He later conferred with Colonel McMahon and in order to prepare for his trip to Utah . He then left at 1230 hours, accompa nied by Major Luther. * * * - General Clark arrived be delivered at then left his office on the Overland Limited * TREMENTON, UTAH - 26 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at Ogden at 0640 hours and was met by Colonels Grogan and Ports. They proceeded to the hotel where the General was interviewed by the local press, and after breakfast they discussed final arrangements with regard to the funeral. At 0845 hours General Clark, accompanied by Colonel Grogan, General Hunt, Admiral Redman and General Schramm drove to the Stake House in Garland where general services were held honoring the four Borgstrom sons who were killed in the war within six months of each other. The General was en,+ef the principal speakers at the funeral ceremonies, along with Mr. Alber~,or'ithe Latter Day Saints, and principal of the local high school. Immediately following services, General Clark was host at a luncheon in the local Armory to the Borgstrom family and friends and local civic dignitaries. After lunch, General Clark and the Borgstrom family returned to the church where they witnessed the removal of the remains from the church. They were placed in Army hearsts and taken to the cemetery. Following services at the cemetery General Clark bade goodbye to the Borgstrom faniily and dei;:erted tor the Ogden Muniei}:tll Airport to board Ms plane on the re urn trip to San Francisco. * * * * SAN FFANCISCO - 27 JUNE 1948 - General Clark remained at his quarters during the mornjng and in the afternoon played golf'. He had dinner with Colonel and Mrs . Peter Lloyd at the club, wh:ch was preceded by cocktails at their home. The General returned to quarters at 2000 hours. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 28 JUNE 1948 - General ~l ark arrived at his off ice at 0915 hours. He saw Colonel McMahon concerning the decoration ceremony and reception to be held this afternoon, and he later went over the citations to be given in order that he might prepare the remarks he will make this afternoon at the ceremony. He later talked with Colonel ~rogan and then attended to official correspondence. After lunch at his quarters, the General rested and then returned to the office at 1600 hours where he was joined by Mrs. Clark. The ceremony commenced at 1630 hours . Among guests at the ceremony were Admirals Nimitz and Oldendorf, who received the Army DSM, members of the rmy Advisory Committee of San Francisco, and members of the Austrian delegation to the International Labor Organization. Immediately following the ceremony, General Clark was host at a reception at the Officers Club. That evening, General and Mrs . Clark had guests for a movie at the hut. ·* * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 29 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and held a long conference with the acting Chief of Staff, Colonel McMahon, on the Selective Service program, and the reopening of old camps. G-3 also was called �in on the conference. He then dictated some official correspondence and later saw Colonel Woodward concerning the new Board of Governors for the Officers Club. After an early lunch, General Clark played golf . That evening he attended a dinner in honor of Admiral Nimitz and General Arnold at the Pacific Union Club. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 30 JUNE 1948 - General Clark arrived at bis office at 0900 hours and immediately saw the acting Chief of Staff Colonel McMahon. He later saw acting Judge dvocate Lt. Colonel Ellis , who briefed him on the case of Private Donald Warner, prisoner in the guard house. General Clark saw Mrs. Warner at 1000 hours. General Clark spent the rest of the morning working on his speech to be given this noon in honor of the founding of San Francisco. At 1215 hours Gen~ral and Mrs . Clark attended a luncheon at the Officers Club commemorating the founding of the Mission Dolores. That evening he attended a cocktail µi.rty given by General and Nirs. Hunt at the Franciscan Club , ran.owed by attendance at the Ice Follies as guests of Colonel and Mrs . Sullivan . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 1 JULY 1948 - Genera] Clark arrived at his offjce at 0915 hours. He s r ent the greater part of the morning taking care of correspondence and then conferred with Colon el 1 c Mahon At 1125 he saw General Edwin-: L. Sibert and later conferred with Colonels Grogan and Slocum. After lunch the General rested for a short time and then played golf with Colonel Lloyd" That eveni ng, with his family, the General had dinner with Nathan Cummings at the HoteJ 'Fairmont. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 2 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours saw Lt. Colonel Ellis, acting JA, and then conferred with Col. McMahon. At 1100 hours he saw Mrs. Mattison and her nephew, Cpl. Terrence McGough, whom the General had ai.ded in being returned to the States after an eye injury. After 1unch at his quarters, General Clark rested and then went down town to do some shopping. In the evening he attended a cocktail party at Letterman Officers Club given by Colonel and ftrs. Gorby. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 3 JULY 1948 - General Clark remained at home a part of the morning and later played golf. He rested in the afternoon and evening. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 4 JULY 1948 - General Clark * * * ent fishing this day. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 5 JULY 1948 General Clark played golf in the morning. day was a holiday and he did not go to bj_s office. * * * This * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 JULY 194$ - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He conferred with Colonel McJabon and other staff members and in the afternoon went fishing with Lt. Col. Howard Moore. * * * * �SAN FRANCISCO - 7 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at hisoffice at 0845 hours. He saw Colonel Pape, G-2, at 0930 hours and at 1030 hours Mr. Harry A. Scott, the new Canadian Consul General in San Francisco, called to pay his respects. At 1100 hours General Clark held a decoration ceremony in his office in which he awarded posthumously the Silver Star with Oak Leaf Cluster and the Bronze Star Medal to Captain Rex T. McCord . The decoration was made toihe Captain's sister Mrs. Voncelle McCord Eastham, who was accompanied by her young son Max. Following this ceremony, General Clark presented the Brazilian Medal of War to Colonels Grogan and McMahon. In the afternoon the General played golf with Colonels Lloyd and Woodward and Captain Talbot. At 1800hours Mr. and Mrs . Walter Robertson (Vice President of Garwood Industries) called at the General's quarters for cocktails, accornp9.nied by Co:J_onel and Mrs . Grogan. At 1930 hours Gereral and Mrs . Clark, accompanied by Ann and Bert ~eek, Colonel and ~lrs. Woodward, M.rs. J·oserh Sullivan and Captain Dallam, went downtown to the Tonga Room at the Ibtel Fairmont as guests of Mr . Benj. Swigg, president of the Fairmont Hotel AssociaM.on,for dinner. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. At 1015 hours, accomJ'.:anied by Colonel Lloyd, the deputy Post Corr~ander, the General inspected the Presidio and studied proposed sites for trailer camps for the Army personnel. At 1130 hours, Colonel Thayer C. Rich, former surgeon of headquarters, USFA, called to :r;ay his respects. General Clark had lunch at Ms quarters and returned to his of.fice at 1415 hours. He left the office at 1530 and played golf with Colonel Lloyd. He remained at home with his family xhroughout the evening. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 9 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at bis office at 0845 hours. At 0930 hours he saw Lt. Colonel Ellis, acting JA and reviewed two court martial cases with him. At 0950 hours the General interviewed three new field grade officers, who had just reported at Army Headquarters for dut:ys,- It Colonel Henderson, . Major Holland, Colonel Holley. t 1000 hours the General held a conference with G-3 regarding the new organization of the Fourth Infantry Division. In the afternoon, he went salmon fishing off the Farralone Islands, returning to the Post at 1830 hours. The General, accompanied by Mrs . Clark then went to cocktails and buffet supper at the Presidio Officers Club given by Major Jack Luther as a going away party for Captain and Mrs . Lee Ecklon, Captain and Mrs . illiam Waters, Lt. and Mrs . Bud Cecil, and Major Oswalt. * * * * SONO, COUNTY - 10 JULY 1948 - At 1030 hours General and Mrs . Clark went to Sonoma County to the ranch of Mr . and Mrs . Edmund Coblentz to spend the weekend. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 11 JULY 1948 - General and Mrs . Clark retur.ned from Sonoma County at 1500 hours and went to cocktails at the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Joseph Sullivan at 1800 hours and then to the Officers Club for dinner and bingo as guests of the Sulli vans - in honor of Maj or General Harry J •. Collins. * * * * �SAN FRANCISCO - 12 JULY 1948 - Tbe General arrived at his office at 0900 hours. At 0930 hours he held a conference with Major General Harry J . Collins, new Commanding General, 2nd Infantry Division, Fort Lewis, Washington. At 1000 hours, Brigadier General Milton Boone, Quartermaster, retired, called on the Genera~. At 1215 hours lieneral Clark returned home for lu11ch and came back to the office at 1415 hours. At 1530 he left to play golf with Colonel Peter J. Lloyd . t 1830 hours , General and Mrse Clark gave a buffet supper and movie party which ended at 2JOO hours. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 13 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours. At 1000 hours he saw Mr . Cheek, Director of the San Francisco office of Internal Intelli gence gency, with Colonel Pape , Army G- 2 . t 1100 hours he discussed several court marti a l cases with Lt. Colonel Ellis, acting rmy JA . In the Afternoon the General went fishing inside the Bay for striped bass. He dined at home in the evening with his family . '* * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 14 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours. At 0915 hours Colonel John E. Mcivlahon, commanding officer of Sixth Army Escort Detachment , Oakland , California, called to pay his respects . At 0930 hours, Lt . Colonel King, director of the San Francisco Marketing Center, accompanied by Colonel Sullivan, 1y Quartermaster, called. At 1000 hours the General saw General Whitlock, new Commanding General of the 10th Division. At 1100 hours , General Clark saw Mr . Williamson of the Fortune Fisheries, and Mr . Gordon Tevis. In the afternoon he pl ayed golf with Colonel Lloyd, and di ned at home that evening with his family . * * * * S FRA:NCI SCO - 15 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his off ice at 0830 hours and at 1000 hours attended the Chief of Staff's staff conference . He had lunch at his quarters , and in the afternoon played golf with Colonel Lloyd . That evening General cilld Mrs . Clark went to dinner at the home of fr and Mrs . Robert Hunt , 3570 Jackson Street . l * SAN FRANCISCO - 16 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0916 hours . At 1100 hours the General saw Dr . Matthewson . He had lunch at his quarters , and returned to the office e..t 1415 hours , returning home a t 1600 hours . That evening, General Clark , accompanied by rs . Clark and :Ann , went to dinner at the home of Mr . a,nd M r s ~ Witter, Piedmont , California . * I * S.AN F :r crsID -INDI ~:APOLIS, INDI ~- - 17 JULY 1948 - The General left his quarters at 0815 hours , accompanied by Ca-ptain Dallam , and drove to Ha.mil ton Field and took off by plane at 0900 hours enroute to Washington , D.C. to attend the funeral of General Pershing. The :plane landed at Che.renne , Wyoming a, t 1200 hours . There they were met by Colonel Elliott , post commander , and Lt . Colonel Page , Post :8:x:ecutive Officer , and had lunch at the Officers Club , Fort Warren . The plane left Cheyenne at 1330 hours and arrived Indianapolis , Indiana at 1800 hours (CDST) . The General stayed over night as the e,'Uest of Dr . and Mrs . C. o. McCormick . * * �IND! i.A...PQL IS-WASHINGT0N, D., C. - 18 JULY 1948 - General Clark departed for Washington,, DC at 0930 hours and arrived at the :·lashington • ationalAi.r-port at 1200 · hours where they were met by Major Scott of General Bradley's offi ce. General Clark wen t to his mother's home to spend the night. • * WASHI.i: GTON, D"C - 19 JULY 1948 - At 0915 hours General Clark went to the Pen tagon Building where he conferred with several staff directors , including General Irving, deputy director of Personnel. General Chambe rlin, director of I ntelligence , and General Gruenther , director of Joint Chiefs of Staff., General J.ark 1 s son Bill arrive this morning ~,i th General Maxwell Taylor superintendent of USMA., At 1000 hours General Clark had a conference with the Secretary of Defense Forrestal and at 1100 hours went to General .Bradley 1 s office for lunch, attended by the Army Commanders , Chiefs of the.General Staffs. t 1225 , in a group with Generals Eisenhower and :Bradley, the Army Commanders and 0}-'l iefs of Staffs, General Clark went to the Capitol and there joined in the procession accor.1panying the body of General of the ~rmies Pershing to Arlington National Cemetery for intermen t. The line of procession was from the Capitol, down Constitution Avenue, to the Memorial :Brid.ge , from there to the Amphitheater to Arlington Cemetery. The ceremonies were concluded a.t 1545 hours and General Cla rk returned to the Pentagon Building and immediately there 0.fte r departed for his mother's home~ . That evening, General Clark dined at tne Army- Navy Club with his mother and son , accol!l.panied b y Lt. Col. Jack Uygaard . * * left WASHI:1GT01J-SAU FRAlJCISOO - 20 tTIJLY 1948 - Gene r al Clark/his mother's home at 0815 hours and took off from the National Airport at 0845 hours enroute to San Fra..n.cisco. They stopped at Scott Field, East St. Louis , Illinois, where they we re met by the acting Base Commander, Colonel Pratt . They had lunch at the Officers Mess and departed Scott Field at 1230 hours (CDT), arriving Cheyenne, !~yoming at 1300 hours (RJ.li1ST) . The General was again met by Colonel Elliott, Post Commande r. Also at the airport , General Clark was met by a former enlisted man in his command, now retired, Sgt. Weste . At 1345 hours (m.sT) General Clark and party departed Cheyenne and arrived Hamilton Field at 1715 hours. From there they drove to his quarters at the Presidio, arriving 1800 hours . * S ~ FRANCISCO - 21 JULY 1948 - General Cl ark arrived at nis office at 0830 hours. At 1030 hours the General swore in the first contingent of Regular Army W C enlisted personnel . At 1100 hours , with Admiral Beary, cornmander of Western Sea Frontier, General Clark presented the iledal of Merit for outstanding service during t ', e past war in civilian capacity to Doctors Terman and Ewell, scientists. The Gen eral had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon with Colonel Ll oyd. That evening, General and Hrs. Clark entertained twenty guests at cocktails at the h0use and then at the Smorgasbord dinner dance at the Presidio Officers Club * * * SAN F NCISCO - 22 JULY 1948 - Gene ral Cla rk arrived at his office e.t 0845 hours . t 0900 hours he saw Colonel Pape , G-2 and at 0930 hours Colonel orts, s s istant G-1, re ga rding the a lbum to be sent to the Borgstrom family in Trementon, Utah.• t 1000 hours , 'fajor General Ewart Plank , Commanding General of the New York Port of Embarkation , called to pay his respects . At 1030 hours, Colonel .L:,ldrnunds, Army Information Officer, discussed Army Advisory activities with General Cl arke During the afternoon the General went fishing inside the bay. t 1730 hours, General �Weible, director of Training Army Field Forces , went to the house for cocktails . At 1930 hours , General and Mrs . Clark went to dinner at the Blue Fox Cafe to celebrate Ann's birthday . * SAlif FRANCISCO - 23 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived. a.t his office at 0845 hour s a.nd at 0930 hours had a conference with General i'Jeible-G-3 of the Army Field Forces . The General had lunch at home and de0arted illlL1ediately thereafter for Bohemian Grove where he stayed a.t the camp of Mr . Herbert Hoover. * SAN F_ JCISCO (BOHEMI '~ GROV"t!') - 24 JULY 1948 - General Clark wa,s at Bohemia...11 Grove. * S ~T FRANCISCO - 25 JULY 1948 - General ClE,rk returned from Bohemian Grove in the early afternoon and that evening General ancl "'frs . Clark were the guests of Colonel and Hrs . Woodward for cocktails a.t their quarters and. dinner and bingo at the Officers Club . * SAK F * 'JCISCO - 26 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0900 hours 2.nd at 1000 :1ours had a conference with Major General Robertson end Colonel Slocum regarding the visit 'to National Gue rd camps . He had lunch at j1ome and returned to his office in the afternoon . He left the office at 1500 hours and played golf during the e.fternoon with Colonel Lloyd. He dined at home with his family. ( ( * S FRANCI SCO - 27 JOLY 1948 General v lark departed his quarters for Hamil ton Field at 0815 hours , accompanied by Colonel locum, Army G- 3, Colonel Hidalgo, National Guard representative , and Captain Dallam . He flew to Camp San Luis Obispo where he was rnet at the airport by Major GenerBl Curtis D. 0 1 Sullivan , California State Adjutant General . He drove from the airport to the camp where he was met by an Honor Guard of the National Guard units which were encamped there . I mmediately after reviewing the Honor Guard he drove to Headquarters of Major General Jo,:1n U. Calkins where he met the various members of the staff . Accompanied by General C-alkins , the General then inspected the caJnp , primarily the firing ranges and trainine activities . He then he.d lunch with Generals 0 1 Sullivan and. Calkins at the Consolidated Officers Mess and immedie.tely after lunch , accompanied by General 0 1 Sullivan , wen~ on a tour of inspectio of the permanent installations of the camp . At 1330 hours he de : arted from Ca.mp San Luis Obispo , drove to the airport , and flew to Camp Cooke , California. General O' Sullivan accompanied him . At Camp Cooke , he was met by Brigadier General David. P. Harvey (CG 112th Brigade) and went on a tour of inspection of the firing batteries , along the coast . Due to a heavy fog, the J; atiorillal Guard· unit was unable to present the scheduled firing with the 90 millimeters and Generai Clark was only- able to see the firing of 40 millimeter cannon .. At 1430 hours the Generei departed Camp Cooke and flew to Hamilton Field . He returned home at 1700 hours and dined at home with his family that evening . S r FRAUCISCO - 28 JULY 1948 - General Clar~ arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours presented golf trophies forte Army tournament held at the Presidio Golf Club. At 1000 hours , -1r . Allen Davidson, R. F . McDonald and Mr . 'falter Heyden of the AA.H? ~s Shrine Temple of Oakland called on the Gener~l fo~ the purpo~e of having publicity pictures taken in connection with General Clark's �J . '- ( �( coming indoctrination as a noble of the Mystic Shrine. At 1015 hours the General held a conference with General Watson , Commanding General of the Southern Military District. t 1130 hours he went to the ost Theater where he saw news reels of the Pershing funeral. He had lunch at his quarters and at 1400 hours had an appointment with Colonel Gorby, medical officer at Letterman General Hospital ., He returned to his offi ce at 1515 hours and later in the afternoon played golf . At 1830 hours , General and Mrs . Clark: , accompanied by Capta'in Dal lai11 and Ann, went to the Fairmont Hotel where they met Mr . Ha.than Cummings and then went to dinner at the El Prad_o and afterward s went to the Cu rran Theater to see Bobby Clark in Sweethearts. * * S I FRANCISCO - 29 JULY 1948 - General Clark arrived at · his office at 084:5 hours and at 0900 hours saw Col onel Gray, JA. t 0930 he saw Colonel D1 0rsa and at 1000 hours Colonel Jones from the Inspector General Department in Washington, who was accompanied by Colonel Falk, 6th Army IG. At 103) he saw Colonel Edmunds regarding Army Advisory activities . He had lunch at his quarters and departed at 1500 hours for Bohemian Grove, accompanied by Mr . Lowell Thomas. They arrived at the Grove approximately 1630 hours . * * BOHEMIAN GROVE ... 30 JULY 1~48 • * BOm IAN GROVE C - 31 - General JULY 1948 - * Clark spent t his day at the Grove . • * General Clark spent this day at the Grove . f. * * * * SAN F.RAliCISCO - 1 IJGUST 1948 - General Clark departed from Bohemian Grove at 1000 hours and returned to the Presidio at 1130 . He had lunch at his quarters and s ) ent the afternoon at home . That evening General and Mrs ., Clark had dinner with Colonel Alvin Owsley ., S.A.N FRAU CISCO - 2 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark had breakfast with Colonel Alvin Owsley, who then accompanied him to the office at 0915 . At 1000 hours he saw Lt . Charles Cecil , Assistant Club Officer, who is departing for overseas duty. At 1100 hours he saw Colonel Sullivan , QJ.t , at 1115 hours saw Colonel Oxx and at 1130 hours Colonel Lloyd. He left his office at 11L~5 hours and. spent the rest of the day fishing with Lt . Col . Howard Moore . Returning from fishing at 1930 hours , he had dinner at home . * * SAN FRANCISCO - 3 AUGUST 1948 • General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent the morning attending to routine administrative matters. At 1215 hours the General, accomi:anied by Colonel Martin, G-1, Colonel McCreary, Army Recruiting Officer, Colonel J.B. Fdmunds, Army Information Officer, Colonel Stan:i., x . J. Grogan, Deputy Chief of .staf . f, and Captain Dallam, had lunch at the Fami~th Mr. Coblentz, managing edltor or the San Francisco Call Bulletin and Mr. Randolph Hearst. The General returned to the office at 1430 hours and remained 'Ulltil 1630. He dined at home with his family. * * * * �( SAN FRANCISCO - 4 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 0930 hours had a conference with G-2 and G-3 regarding submarine protection. At 10.30 hours Capta.1.n Roland, u. s. Navy, had a conference with the General and Colone;!.. ~ , the Arnry- Engineer. At 1200 hours, General Clark had lunch at the Fami~th Al Schwabacher, junior and senior, and in the afternoon he played golf with Colonel Woodward, Army G-4. At 18.30 hours General and Mrs . Clark entertained Mr. and Mrs. Henry J. Taylor (radio commentator and journalist) at dinner and after dinner they had a group for a movie at the hut. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 5 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 0900 hours Major General Albert E. Brown, Commanding General or the Northern Military District, called on the General. At 1000 Dr. Smyth of the Army Historical Division in Washington had a conference with the General and at 1100 hours Mr. Fred Reinharqt_~nd Mr. Eldredge Durbrow, both St.ate De~rtment personnel, and formerly stat'ea'at the American Embassy in Moscow, called on the General. General Clark had lunch at home and in the afternoon played golt with Colonel Lloyd. He dined at home that evening with bj_s family. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 0945 hours met the new field grade officers who had been assigned to Headquarters during the preceding month. At 1000 hours, Mr. Robert Gross, publicity director of the Pacific Gas and Electric Com~ny, called tor an interview and at 1030 hours General Clark had a conference with Admiral Beary and General Upston. At 1130 hours, Lt. Colonel Gray, JA, presented several court martial cases tor the General's consideration. The General had lunch at home and returned to the office at 1430 hours when Brig. Gen. Talbot, USA retired, and his son, Lt. Colonel Talbot, called to i:ai their respects. At 1515 hours, General Cates, commandant Marine Corps, ~lled for a formal visit. The General left his office at 1600 hours and dined at home that evening with his family. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 7 AUGUST 1948 - The General played golf during the day and at 1930 hours was guest of the Marine Memorial Club of San Francisco at a banquet celebrating the anniversary of the First Marine Division landing on Guadalcanal. General Clifton B. Cates, commandant of the Marine Corps, was the speaker, and Mr. Paul Smith of the San Francisco Chronicle was the toastmaster. · * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark remained at his quarters during the day and at 1800 hours went for cocktajls at the quarters of General and Mrs. Robertson after which they were the Robertsons' guests at the Officers Club for dinner and bingo. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 9 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 0930 had a meeting of the District Commanders, at which Generals Watson, Butler and Brown were present with members of their starts. At 1100 hours, Captain Lee Ecklon, Presidio Officers Club officer, called to ~y his respects and say goodbye to the General prior to his departure for Camp Lee and Quartermaster School. The General piayed golf in the afternoon and in the evening had dinner at home with his family. Later in the evening they entertained guests at a movie at the house. · * * * * �SAN FRANCISCO - 10 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark and Mrs. Clark, Ann and Captain Dallam, depirted at 0730 hours enroute to Camano Island. The trip through the Sacramento Valley was uneventful, with a picnic lunch at Shasta Dam. The party arrived at Klamath Falls , at 1630 hours and they spent the night there. * * * * ENROUTE ,TO NW - 11 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark and party had an early break.fast and continued on to Salem, Oregon, arriving approximately 1500 hours. The General immediately called on Major General Thomas Rilea, the State Adjutant General, and together they went to call on Governor Hall or Oregon. General Clark and his group then went to the motel where they were staying and at 1830 hours General Rilea called to pick them up to take them to the home or Brigadier General and Mrs. Mason for cocktails, and then to the hotel where they •ere guests of General and Mrs. Rilea for dinner. Also in attendance was Governor Hall. * * * * ENROUTE TO 'NW - 12 AUGUST - General Clark and i:arty left Salem at 0730 hours with a police escort provided by General Mason. They passed through Portland, Oregon and arrived at Fort Lewis at 1330 hours. General Clark went to the Fort Lewis Inn, changed into uniform, and was met by Major General Harry Collins, and went on to the Headquarters at Fort Lewis to review the Honor Guard. After inspection of the Honor Guard, General Clark went to Headquarters of Second Infantry Division where he conferred with General Collins for a short time, and then returned to Fort Lewis Inn for a rest. Atl7JO hours General and Mrs. Collins held a large reception for General and Mrs. Clark at the Officers Club to which all of the officers and their ladies of Fort Lewis and the surrounding area were invited. · The reception concluded at 1930 hours and General and Mrs. Collins gave a formal dinner party for the Clarks at the Officers Club. * * * * * * * went FORT LEWIS AND ENROUTE TO CAMANO ISIAND - 13 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark/to to the office of General Collins at 0900 hours and immedi.ately started on an inspection of facilities and training activities at the Fort. He was conducted on the inspection by General Collins and Lt. Colonel Preston, G-3 of the Division. The General attended a luncheon given by General Collins at the Officers Club at noon and there was forced to ca.noel the review to be held in the afternoon due to inclement weather. General and Mrs. Clark, Ann and Captain Dallam deplrted Fort Lewis at 1330 hours and arrived Seattle at 1600 hours. They went to the home of Tom and Maude Griffiths and with the Griffiths departed approximately 1700 hours for Camano Island. They arrived at the Island at 1830 hours, had dinner and retired early in the evening. * CAMANO ISLAND, WASHINGTON - 14 - 20 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark spent this time · on the Island fishing and rest;ng. * 1 * * * CAYlANO ISLAND - 21 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark spent the day fishing and in the evening attended a large barbecue at Hope Island as guest of Captain and Mrs. Paul Wagner. * * * * �CAMANO ISLAND - 22 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark remained at home resting. ( * * * * CA~.ANO ISIAND-SFA.TTLE - 23 AUGUST 1948 - General and Mrs. Clark and Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths went into Seattle to make some calls. Mrs. Clark ordered a fur coat from the Alaska Fur Com~ny, and the :ra,rty returned to the Island in time for dinner., * * * * VICTORIA, B.C. - 24 AUGUST 1948 - At 1100 hours, General and Mrs. Clark, Ann and Captain Dallam, and M.r. and Mrs. Griffiths were picked up in the crash boat by General and Mrs. Ogden, Commanding General of Second Engineers Special Brigade at Fort Worden, Washington, and proceeded to Victoria, BC. They arrived at 1400 hours where the General inspected the Honor Guard of the Canadian Scottish Regiment, and then proceeded with Mrs. Clark and Ann to Government House where they were the guests of Lt . Governor and Mrs. Charles A. Banks . Mrs. Clark and Ann went shopping in the afternoon and the General rested at Government House and at 1700 hours went to a cocktail party at the home of Admiral. Percy Nelles, president of the United Services Institution at Vancouver Island, who had invi ted General Clark to come to Victoria . Following the cocktail party, General and Captain Dallam went to a stag cocktail party and dinner at the Union Club as guests of Admiral Nelles. 111.xs. Clark and Ann returned to Government House where they were the guests of Mrs. Banks . Following the dinner, General Clark proceeded to the Armory in Victoria where he addressed off the record the members of the United Services Institution - some five, six hundred - who had gathered to hear the General . Following the speech, General Clark inspected the various messes in the Armory and then returned to Government House at 2300 hours. * * * * VICTORIA-TACOMA, WASHINGTON - 25 AUGUST 1948 - General and lv1rs . Clark, Ann a nd Captain Dallam, Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths, boarded the crash boat at 0900 hours and returned through a heavy fog to Camano Island, arriving .at 1145 hours. They then departed at once for Tacoma, Washington, arriving at 1600 hours. The General and Mrs. Clark, and Ann, were house guests of Mr. and Mrs. t . T. Murray, Graveley lake, Tacoma. That evening, accompanied by the Murrays, they went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Edwin B. Howard at Fort Lewis for the Howards' tenth ·anniversary pa.rty, returning approximately 2200 hours. * * * * TACOMA-FORT LEWIS, WASHINGTON .:. 26 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark went_ to Headquarters or the 2nd Infantry Division at Fort Lewis at 0900 hours after reviewing the Honor Guard of eighteen-year-olds who had completed from one to four weeks' training. He was very much pleased at their appearance. He had a conference at 1030 hours with Colonel Donaldson of Seattle Port of :Embar kation with regard to the unification of facilities in the Seattle area. At noon, General Collins gave a luncheon party of his senior staff officers for General Clark and immediately following the luncheon a review was held in General Clark's honor on the main ~rade ground of Fort Lewis with all troops of the Division and Post participating. At 1730 hours, Mr. and Mrs. L. T. Murray gave a cocktail party for General and Mrs. Clark at their home and at 1900 hours General and Mrs. Clark and the Murrays went to the home of Cyrton Wagner for dinner . At 2130 hours, General and Mrs . Collins came by the Wagners! , accompanied by Colonel Grogan and General and Mrs. Clark accompanied them to the Hotel Winthrop where they attended the Grand Convention Ball of the American Legion. �( They were entertained in the distinguished guests suite as the guests or Colonel Jim Stack, former aide to General Eisenhower, and other members ot the Distinguished Guests Committee. fhey returned home about midnight. * * * * TACOMA, W ASHINGTON - 27 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark went from the Murrays' directly to the Fellowship Hall in Tacoma where he was met by Colonel Stack and taken to the platform where he delivered a ~orty-five minute address to the assembled .American Legion convention. After the convention adjourned, he went to the Tacoma Club where a luncheon was given by the Distinguished Guests Committee for General Clark, Senator Cain, Congressmen Mack and Jones, and others who were included on the list of distinguished guests. Following the luncheon, the General, accompanied by Colonel Stack, rode in the parade and reviewed the pirade at the Reviewing Stand. It rained very heavily throughout the parade. Immediately following the parade, the General was provided with a motorcycle escort to return to Fort Lewis and upon arrival there, immediately left for Salem, Oregon, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, Ann and Captain Dallam. They had dinner in Portland and arrived Salem approximately 2200 hours and again stayed the night at the Rose Garden Motel. * * * * ENROUTE TO PRF.sIDIO • 28 aUGUST 1948 •' General Clark and p:1.rty dep:Lrted Salem at 0830 hours and stopped in Eugene, Oregon at the recruiting station, and then proceeded on to Grant's Pass where they had lunch. The General originally planned to go to Ben Bow for the evening, but as -the roads were reported in bad condition he changed his route and proceeded to Medford, Oregon where he stopped at the recruiting station there. The p:Lrty then proceeded on to Shasta Springs, arriving about 1800 hours, but unfortunately no accommodations were available and the rarty proceeded to Redding, California where they had dinner and obtained accommodations for the evening. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 29 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark and ?irty departed Redding at 0700 hours and arrived at the Presidio at 1200 hours. The family had dinner at home and a movie at the house in the evening. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 30 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at i030 hours Lt. General Walton Walker calledto pay his respects. General and Mrs. Walker are enrout e to Tokyo where General Walker will assume command of the 8th Army. At 1100 hours Major General Lester, new C9mmanding General of Fort Mason, SFPOE, called to J:EI.Y his respects, and at 1130 hours Brigadier General Cole, riew Commanding General of Letterman General Hospital, called. The General had lunch at home and returned to his office at ll30 hours. At 1400 hours, President George Albert Smith of the Mormon Church, called to pay his respects. At 1415 hours, · Lt. General John R. Hodges, former Commandi ng General at Korea, called on the General. At 1445 hours General Clark had a conference with Major General Moore and Colonel Oxx or the Armed Forces Headquarters, and at 1515 Colonel Heine and Colonel Pape, the new and old Army G-2's, called on General Clark. The General dined at home with his family. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 31 AUGUST 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at iooo had a conference with Colonel Sullivan, Quartermaster. At 1100 hours, he presented awards and decorations at a ceremony outside his office, and announced �the promotion ·or Colonel Sullivan to rank of Brigadier General. at home and played golf in the afternoon with Colonel Lloyd. ( He had lunch SAN FRANCISCO - 1 SEPI'EMB.ER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 1000 hours Lt. Colonel (Chaplain) Brown, new Assistant Army Chaplain, called on the General. At 1015 hours the General saw Captain Kelleher, USN, Naval representative at the Armed Forces Headquarters. At 1030 hours M. J ean' de La.Garde, the new French Consul General in San Francisco,called to pay his respects. At 1100 hours Alard Calkins, Army Advisory Representative, accompanied by Mr. Fiske, called for a conference with the General. The General had lunch at Bohemian Club and in the afternoon played golf with Colonel Lloyd. At 1830 hours, General and Mrs. Clark had guests at the house for dinner and a movie afterwards, in honor of Lt. General and Mrs. Walton Walker. The Luncheon at the Bohemian Club at noon was given in honor of Lt. General Eichelberger. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 2 SEPTEI'li-iBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 0930 hours Mr. Rupley of the Bureau of the Budget called tor a short conference. At 1000 hours, Lt. General Robert L. Eichelberger, retiring Commanding General of 8th Army in Jai:an, called to pay his respects. At 1130 hours the General met the newly assigned field g:rade officers to the Sixth Army Headquarters. He had lunch at home with his ,family and in the afternoon played golf with Colonel Woodward. In the evening he participated as Grand Marshal of the American Legion parade ·1n San Francisco. He rode up Market Street in the parade accompanied by Mr. Harry Foster, the dep:trtment commander of the California _State American Legion. The General was accomp:1.nied by Mrs. Clark and Ann at the reviewing stand, and ~hey returned home at 1139 hours. · · · ( * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 3 SEPrElVIBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1030 hours saw Colonel Pichel. At 1045 hours he saw M/Sgt. Karl Botnen, who had served with the General for many ,years. At 1215 hours the General was guest of honor with Governor Warren at the American Legion luncheon at the Hotel Whitcomb. At 1500 hours he went to the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco where he addressed the American Legion in convention. The General returned to the Presidio at 1700 hours and played golf the remainder or the afternoon. He dined at home with his family. * * * SAN FRANC_ISCO - 4 SEPrEMBER 1948 - General Clark pl ayed golf in the morning and at 1100 hours left San Francisco for a l uncheon p3.rty in Burlingame a~ guest or Mr. and Mrs. George Cameron, publisher of the San Francisco Chronicle. Also as guests were Lt. General and Mrs. Eichelberger. General Clark returned from Burlingame in the lat~ ~ afternoon and dined at home. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 5 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark went fishing at 0630 hours and spent the entire day outside the Golden Gate. He dined at home that evening. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 SEPTEMBER 1948 - The fishing trip planned with Mrs. Clark and Ann and General and Mrs. Sullivan was postponed due to inclement weather and instead General and Mrs. Clark had a picnic lunch at home and spent the day at their quarters. �That evening General and Mrs. Clark, General and Mrs. Sullivan, Ann and Captain Dallam went to the opening performance of Judi th Anderson's play MEDEA. After the theater they went backstage to meet Miss Anderson and then went to the St . Francis Hotel as guests of Mr. Guthrie McClintock, producer of the play, to a supper party in honor of Miss Anderson. They returned to their quarters at 0130 hours. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 7 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at h!an~!!ice at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours had an appointment with General Thoma~ tn~ director of Procurement of the Department of the Army _in Washington. At 1000 hours he saw Colonel Mary Hallaren, WAC Director of the Army, and at 1100 hours saw General George F. Moore and Colonel Frank Oxx. He had lunch at home and in the afternoon played golf. General and Mrs. Clark a t tended a reception at the Presidio Officers Club given for Colonel Ha]laren at 1700, and at 1730 hours went to the reception held at the Officers Club of Letterman General Hospitalfor the Surgeon General of the Army, General Bliss, and his party. General Clark had dinner at home with his family. * * * * SAN FRANCISCl} - 8 SEPI'EMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 1000 hours had an appointment with Lt . Colonel Gray, JA. At 1100 hours Admiral Sir William Tennant, Commander in Chief of the British West Indies Fleet, made a formal call on the C~neral, accomp,.nied by Captain G.H.B. Fawkes, Captain of HMS SHEFFIELD, Mr. Meiklereid, British Consul General in San Francisco, and ClJ:tain P.w.w. Wooten, British Naval Attache in Waspington. At 1215 hours, General Clark returned the call aboard the SHEFFIELD . During the afternoon he played golf with Colonel Lloyd and at 1730 hours attended a cocktail party given by Mr. and Mrs. Meiklereid in honor of Admiral Tennant. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 9 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived a.this office at 0845 hours and at 0930 hours saw Colonel Fay Ross, new Army Special Services Officer. At 1000 hours he had a conference with Admiral Donald B. Beary. He then had lunch at home and went fishi ng in the afternoon. That evening the General went to the Bohemian Club as guest of Admiral and Mrs. Beary, who gave a formal dinner party for Admiral Tennant. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 10 SEPTEMBER 1948 General Clark arrived at 0900 hours at his office and at 1000 hour,s had a conference with Colonel Fd.munds, Army Information Officer. The General had lunch at home and returned to his office at 1400 hours. At 1500 hours Brigadier General Huglin, new Commanding General at Fairfield- · Suison Airbase, called on the General. At 1630 hours the General left his office for the Main Parade Ground for a review held in honor of Admiral Sir William Tennant and Captain G. H.B. Fav;kes. Immediately following t he review, the General . went to the Presid j o Officers Club for a reception in honor of Admiral Tennant and Captain Fawkes. Folfowing this, General and.Mrs. Clark went to the home of Consul General and Mrs. Meiklereid (British) for dinner in honor of Admiral Tennant and Captain Fawkes. * ' * * * 7' SAN FRANCISCO - 11 SEPTEMBER 194,8 - General Clark played golf all day and at 1900 hours went to eolonel and Mrs. John L. Hill's quarters for cocktails and then to Presidio Officers Club for the monthly formal .dinner dance. * * * * �SAN FRANCISCO - 12 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General and Mrs. Clark, General and Mrs. Sullivan spent the day in the Bay fishing. They had quite a successful day and returned wi th a great many cod and striped bass. At 2000 hours General° and Mrs. Clark were guests of Admiral Tennant at dinner aboard HMS SHEFFIELD. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 13 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the Presidio Golf Club at 0900 hours where he met Admiral Tennant .and members of his -staff. A golf match had been arranged for these officers, matching them with officers of Army Headquarters. At 1330 hourf! all returned to the Presj_dio Officers Club where General Clark gave an informal luncheon. At 1830 hours, General and Mrs. Clark and Ann went to the SH.EFFIEID for cocktails and after the reception went to the home of Colonel Oxx for his birthday party. * * * * SAN FBANCISOO - 14 SEPI'Eiir:BER 1948 .F"r~¥.ral Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours saw General/Blesse', MC, Surgeon of the Army Field Forces, and at 1045 hours had a conference with General Butler, CG of the Central Military District. At 1230 hours the General was guest of Mr. W.W. Crocker at a luncheon in honor of Mr. Bernard Baruch. Present were: E. D. Coblentz (Call-Bulletin), Garret McEnerney, John Parks Davis, J. F. Sullivan (V.P. of Crocker National Bank). The General returned to his office at 1430 hours and then accompanied Mrs. Clark to the hospital where she was to have a tonsilectomy the next morning. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 15 SEPrEIVlBER 19/4.8 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 1100 hours had a conference with General Sullivan and Mr. A. ·M. Mardikian. He had lunch at home and returned to the office at 1330 hours. At ]400 hours Mr. w. John Kenney, Undersecretary of the Navy, called on the General, accomp,.nied by Admiral Donald B. Beary, Commandant of Western Sea Frontier. General Clark returned to his quarters at 1530 hours and at 1630 hours departed for Oakland where he attended a dinner at the Leamington Hotel prior to his initiation as a Noble of the Mystic Shrine at the Aahmes Temple of Oakland. Following the dinner at the l~amington, the General went to the Scottish -Rite Temple for the induction ceremonies and after the ceremonies returned to the Leamington Hotel penthouse where a small i:arty was given in his honor. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 16 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours had a conference with Major General James C. Lester, CG / SFPOE, regarding the water-front strike situation. At 1200 hours the General was speaker of the day at tbe Shrine Luncheon held at the Hotel Palace. He returned from the luncheon at 1400 hours and played golf with Colonel Lloyd in the afternoon. At 1930 hours, accompanied by Major General Moore and Brig. General Sullivan, he went to the Bohemian Club for dinner in hi s honor. * *' * * SAN FRANCISCO - 17 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 1000 hours made his radio broadcast tran~cription at his desk. At 1015 hours General Clark had a con.ference with General Moore and Colonel Oxx and . following that had a conference with Gereral Robertson regarding the water-front strike. He had lunch at home, returning to his office in the afternoon to get the final papers prior to his departure for Washington, D.c. That evening, Mrs. Clark had still not recovered completely from her operation and the, cancelled plans to go to the dinner at General and Mrs. Heaton•s, and instead had dinner at home. * * * * �( SAN FRANCISCO - 18 SEPrEMBER 1948 - General Clark, accom:r;:snied by Colonel Falk, Army IG, and Colonel C. C. Herrick of the Veterans Hospital in Oakland, and Captain Dallam, departed at 0515 hours for Hamilton Field and took off in the General's plane at 0600 hours enroute to Washington, DC. They stopped at Cheyenne, Wyoming to refuel, and the General drove around Cheyenne for about a half hour looking over his old stamping ground. At 1800 hours the party arrived in Chicago and the General stayed overnight with Nathan Cummings at the Hotel Drake. * * * * CHICAGO-WASHINGTON, DC - 19 SEPrEMBER 1948 - At 1000 hours General Clark and party took off for Washington and arrived at the National Air Port, Washington, at 1430 hours. The General went directly to his mother's apartment where he was t o remain for the entire stay. In the evening he dined with Secretary of Defense and Mrs. Forrestal and with the secre.taries of the Army, Navy and Air Force and their Chi efs of Staff. * * * WASHI NGTON, DC - 20 SEFTEMBER 1948 - At 0830 hours General Clark went to the Pentagon Building to see Lt. General LeRoy Lutes, head of the National Military . Establishment Munitions Board. During the morning he also had conferences with Mr. Symington, Mr. Royall and General Bradley, and went home for lunch with his mother. He returned to the Pentagon Building at 1315 hours and went dire ctly to Mr. Forresta1 1 s office where he remained for another conference. In the afternoon he had a series of conferences with Major General Alfred M. Gruenther, Director of Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Major General F. A. Irving, Deput y Director of Personnel and Administration, General A. C. Wedemeyer, Director of Plans and Operations. During t he day, Lt. Bill Clark arrived from West Point and .the General had dinner at home with his mother and son. At 2100 hours he returned to the Pentagon Building for further conferences with the Secretary of Defense and the secretaries of the Army, Navy and Air Force and their Chiefs of Staff. He returned home at 2300 hours. * * * * WASHINGTON, DC- OKIAHONJA CITY, OKIA.- 21 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark went to the Pentagon Building at 0845 hours and immediately had a conference with Mr. Symington, Secretary of the Air Force, followed by a briefing conference in General Wedemeyer's office of the latest war plans . At 1100 hours the General returned to the National Airport and took off enroute to San Francisco. They stopped at Memphis, Tennessee to refuel and then went on to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma where they stayed overnight at Tinker Field Major General F. s. Borum, Commanding General of the Oklahoma City Air Materie]t,rf~ranged a small dinner party for General Clark and his party and then took the General on a tour of inspection of the Tinker Field Aircraft plants. * * * * OKIAHOMA. CITY-HAMILTON FIELD, CALIF - 22 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark and party departed Tinker Field at 0800 hours and stopped at Kirtland Field, Albuquerque, New Mexico, to pick up lunch, and then i mmediately departed for Hamilton Field. They arrived Hamilton Field at 1700 hours and arrived at the Presidi o about 1745 hours. The General had dinner at his quarters. * * * * �SAN FRANCISCO - 23 SEPI'EfliIBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his offi ce at 0845 hours and at 1000 hours had a conference with Major General Moore and Colonel Oxx to bring them up to date on the results of his conference in Washington . He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon with Colonel lliyd . He had a small party at his home in honor of .Colonel Grogan's birthday. Later he had dinner at home -with his family . I * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 SEPI'EMBER 1948 - General Clark went to inspect the Information Center a t 0830 hours and arrived at his office at 0900 hours . He spent the morning in various conferences . He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon . He had dinner at home with his family . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 25 SEPTEMBER 1948 General Clark played golf in the morning and had lunch at home , remaining there i n the afternoon . General and Mrs. Clark were guests at di nner of Mr . and Mrs . James Taggart that evening . * * * * . - SAN FRANCISCO - 26 SEPi EMBER 1948 - At 0530 hours General Clark went fishing in the Bay wi th Colonel Louis Martin and Lt . Colonel Gray, and returned home at 1630 hours . Colonel and Mrs . Martin had dinner with the Clarks and in the evening a smal~ group was invited in to see a movie . ( * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 27 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0915 hours and at 0930 hours had a conference with Lt . Colonel Gray, the Army JA . At 1000 hours he conferred with General Moore and Colonel Oxx and at 1030 hours had a conference with Colonel Edmunds and Mr . Casgrain of the Department of the Army Community Relations Section . He had lunch at home and returned to the office in the afternoon . At 1600 hours the General played a round of golf. At 1800 hours General and Mrs. Sullivan were guests of General and Mrs . Clark for a f arewell dinner prior to their departure . Following dinner they played gin rummy . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 28 SEPTEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at 1000 hours saw Mr . Coblentz, editor of the San Francisco Call- Bulletin, for a conference . At 1100 hour£ General and Mrs . Clark departed for Hamilton Field where they took off for Idaho Falls, Idaho . They will be the guests of Mr . and Mrs . Roland Harriman at Ashton, Idaho . The plane arrived at 1630 hours and the party motored from Idaho Falls to Ashton . * * * * ASHTON, ID HO - 29 SEPTE'• 1BER 1948 - Gener al Clark f i shed at the Harr iman Ranch (Railroad Ranch) and spent the day out of doors . * * * ASHTON , IDAHO- SAN FRA?~CISCO - 30 SEPrK.~BER 1948 - Gener al Clark was not f eeling well and t hey departed from Railroad Ranch f or Idaho Falls and f1ew t o Ogden , Utah where t hey picked up t he General ' s plane and retur ned to San, Francisco about 1530 hours . The General i mmedia te1y Vient to Letteman Hospital. 'l:'he doctors d~ agnos ed that the General . ad cas of sM neJ es and would be f or ced to remain indoors rest ing for a week or two . ~- -,'{- ~x- * �90 S N FRANCISCO - 1 OCTOBER 1948 - Genera] Clark remaj ned at home . staff offic ers at the house. * * * He saw various * SAN FRANCISCO - 2 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark remained at home. ~)f- SAN FRANCISCO * 3 OCTOBER 1948 * * General Clark remained at t ome . SAN FRA NCISCO - 4 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark remained at home and saw his Chief of Staff and various other members of his staff . * * * * SAN FRAI~CISCO - 5 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark remained at home a1.l day. This was fl"rs . Clark I s birthday and after dinner they had a few friendi6for a movie. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 OC TOBER 1948 1 * * General Clark rer:iained at home . · * * * S N FRANCic;co - 7 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0900 hcurs and at 0930 hours saw General Moore regarding the cold storage project. t 1000 hours he saw General Marquat of General MacArthur's headquarters. At 1030 hours he saw rfaj or General Harry Collins, CG of 2nd Infantry Di vj s ion , Ft . Lewis . At 1100 hours he had a · s hort conference with t . Col . Gray, the JA . At l J 15 hours Colonel Paul G. Rutten, a friend of the General' 9 , came in to pay his res pects . t 1125 hours he saw Colonel Wm . Shambora., t he Surgeon General of the Hawaiian De rartm ent, who came in -to. pay his respects. He had lunch at home and rested dur · ng the afternoon . That evening there was a s □ all gathering at the house for buffet supper in . honor of General Collins and General Ralph Tate , Retd . r. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 OC'l'OBJ.ill 1948 - General Clark arrj_ved at the office at 0915 hours and at 0930 hours had a conference with General Moore. He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon with Colonel Lloyd . The family dined at home . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 9 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark went fishjng with Colonel Gorby. He returned home about 1400 hours, rested, and s pent the eveni ng at borne . * f * * * SAN Fill NCISCO - 10 OCTOBER 10 1948 - GrneraJ. Clark played golf in the mornj ng, had lunch at home, and fished for a short t"me in the afternoon. In the even ing General and t~ rs . Clark entertained the Lt . Governor of BrHish Columbfa and Mrs. Charles Banks at a formal dinner party at the Presidfo Officers Club. Included as guests were Consul General and r~~rs. A·~eiklereid, (British), Consul General and Mrs. Harry A. Scott ( Canadj an), Maj or General and l'-:rs . Robertson , I\'; rs . Richard r cCreery, rr . a nd r:rs . J ames Taggart, Brig . Gen . and Mrs. Wm . S . Lawson , Brig . Gen. and Mrs . Frederick B. Butler, Bri g . General Geor ge F. Moore . Following dinner they shoV11ed a movie at the hut . The pc.rty lasted until 0100 hours the next day . * * �( SAN FRANCISCO - 11 CTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his o.ff'ice at 0830 hours. At 1000 hours he had a conference wjth Colonel Oxx regar ding rm ed Forces unification program and at 1100 hours Colonel Otho Humphries, the new .r my QM, called to pay his respects. Ger1e ra1 Clark had lunch at hor1e and i n the afternoon played golf . The family djned at home . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 12 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his off:i ce at 0900 hours . At 1000 hours he saw r r. Ben · nderson, a friend of Judge r1~ichael ~usmanno . t 1100 hours the General intervi e~ed recently arrived field grade officers . He had lunch at home and in the afternoon played golf with Colonels Woodward and Lloyd . * * * * SAN FRAiJ CISCO - 13 OCTOBER 194P, - Gen eral Clark arrived at hj s office at 0915 hours . At 0930 ho 11.rs he. saw Brig . Gen . Prickett of the IG Section out of Was hingt on . He 'Was the head of a. group conducting the annual general in- specti on of the Sixth Army Headq11arters . . t 1100 hours he saw Major General Luther I~iiller, Chi ef of Chaplains, accor.1:p9.nied by Colonel Fat Ryan, Army Chaplain, and Lt . Col . Brown, deputy Army Chaplain . He had lunch at hoMe and returned to the offic e l ater . He played golf about 1630 hours and dined at home in the evening . * * * 14 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arr i ved at his office at 0845 hours and at 1030 hours was cal led upon by the Consul General of India, -S. K. Kirpalani . He had lunch at home and returned to t he offi ce at 1430 hours . At 1~00 hours r~aster George Pedroni, a young man .from f!'ill Valley, California who is an ardent sta;1 p collector .and corres ponds with t he General, came to call on him . At 1630 t he Gen eral went to the Hotel· Fairmont to a cockteJ. l party given by the fi/edHerranean Doctors Assodation, and at 1800 hours General and ~.r.rs . Clark went to Chaplain and J\frs . Brown's quarters for an informal dinner in honor o.f Chaplain Ryan and his mother . SAN FRA. NCI SCO - * * * * . SAN FRANCISCO - 15 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at hi s office at 0930 hours . He spent the morning attending to routfoe office matters and at noon had lunch at the Bohemian Club as guest of the Mediterranean Doctors Association where he made a short talk. After lunch he returned to the office and stortly after returned to quarters . At 1730 hours Gene ral Prickett and his deputy came to the General ' s quarters .for cocktails . General and ~rs . Clark had dinner at home and went to the Post Theater for a movie . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 16 OCTOBER 1948 General Clark played golf in t he morning with General Robertson a nd Colonel Lloyd . ~He had l unch at home and spent the afternoon resting . I n the even j ng Gen:er al and Prs . Clark had guests in for dessert and a movie . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 17 OCTOBER 1948 - A group of 37 doctors and their wi ves from the lVedi terranean Doctors Association went to the Genaal' s quarters at l l.60 �( hours for cockta5ls and a visit . At 1330 hours the General departed for the Portola Festival and Parade . He rode in the parade and as honorary Grand Marshal reviewed the parade from the reviewing ·stand i.n front of the City Hall . He had d"nner at home and then vith a grou,p of friends went to the Portola Pageant at the Cow Palace in Daly City . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 18 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his offjce at 0915 houre and at 0930 hours saw Mr. Garret McEnerney, Jr., attorney, who called on the General for a conference. He remained until 1045 hours. At 1130 hours the General went to the Post Theater tor a private showing or the SECRET I.ANDING, a new technicolored documentary by Admiral Byrd or the latest Antarctic expedition. He had lunch at home, returned to the office at 1400 hours and later in the afternoon played golf. He had dinner at home with his family. * * * * I SAN FRANCISCO - 19 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He saw various staff officers during the morning; had lunch at home and returned to his office at 1345 hours. At 1430 hours he went to the Post Court Martial building to cpen the Food Service Consultants conference and made a few remarks to them. Following this he went out to play golf with Colonel Lloyd. At l800 hours the General went to the Officers Club £or cocktails and dinner in honor of the Food Service consultants. ( * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at -0915 hours and saw various staff officers during the morning. He had lunch at home and returned to his office at 14,30 hours. At 11.45 hours Admiral (Vice) George D. Murray, the new Commandant of the Western Sea Frontie·r , called to pay his respects. At 1515 hours Major General William Chase, Commanding General, First Cavalry Divisi.on in Japan, came in to say hello to the General. The Gereral left his office for his quarters at 1600 hours and at 1900 hours went to the Pacific Union Club £or dinner given by Mr. James B. Black, president of the Pacific Gas and ·Electric Com~ny, in honor of the directors of the United States Steel Corporation. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 21 OCTOBER 1948 - General -Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at . 1000 hours held a conference with Major General Curtis O'Sullivan, State or California Adjutant General, who was accompanied by Colonel Boyd, the Senior State National Guard Instructor. The General had lunch at home and in the afternoon pJayed golf with Colonel Woodward and General Robertson. He had dinner at home with his family. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 OCTOBER 1948 - General .Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours. At 0900 hours he received the final call from the Food Service consultants. At 1000 hours he saw Mr. Cyrus Washburn, Chairman of the National Defense Committee, and member or the Commonwealth Club, and at 1030 hours saw General Frederic Butler, CG or the Central Military District. General Clark had lunch at home and in the afternoon played golf. At 1800 hours he went to a cocktail ~rty at the quarters of Lt. and Mrs. William Fleming and following that had dinner at the St. Francis Hotel as guest of Mr. and Mrs. George Cameron and went with them to the Opera House for the Friars Frolic, the final stage show of the Portola Pageant in San Francisco. * * * * �SAN FRANCISCO-WELLS, NEVADA - 23 ocr_rOBER 1948 - General Clark, aecomp:1nied by Lt. Colonel Howard Moore, departed the Presidj_o at 0715 hours tor Hamilton Field and took off for Wells, _Nevada for a hunting trip. They arrived at 0930 hours and were met by Colonel Lynn Ostler and proceeded to the Richards Ranch at Ruby lake in Nevada, and went hunting during the afternoon. * * * * WELLS, NEVADA-SAN FRANCISCO - 24 OCTOBffl 1948 - General Clark started hunting at 0430 hours and was in the saddle _most of the day. He returned to the ranch in the later afternoon. Accomi:anied by Colonel Moore, he returned to the airport and took off for Hamilton Field at 1830 hours, arriving Hamilton Field at 2120 hours and the Presidio at 2200 hours. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 25 OCTOBER 1948 - General hours and through the morning saw various quarters and in the afternoon played golf dinner at home with his family and in the for a movie at the hut. * Clark arrived at his office at 0900 staff offjcers. He had lunch at his with Colonel Lloyd. The General had evening had a group of friends in * * * * * * * * MOFFETT FIELD SAN FRANCISCO/- 26 OC'I'OBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 1100 hoursdeparted for Moffett Field where he was guest of honor of the Palo Alto service clubs for their Navy Day luncheon. He made a short talk after lunch, and then toured the Moffett Field installations, including a visit to the supersonic wind tunnel and regular large wind tunnel, which are both opera~ed ·by the National Air Advisory Committee. Following that he motored to Stanford University where he inspected the ROTC installations and had a conference with Colonel Basil Perry, professor of MS&T. The General called on the act ing president of Stanford and went on a brief tour of the campus . The tour was followed. by a review given by the cadet ROTCs of Stanford University. He returned to San Francisco at 1700 hours and had dinner at home with his family. SAN FRANCISCO - 27 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and throughout the morning conferred with various staff officers. He had lunch at the Pacific Union Club as guest of Mr. Herman Phleger, the luncheon being given in honor of Captain Selby McCreery, brother of General Sir Richard Mccreery. The General returned to his office in the afternoon and at 1800 hours went to the St. Francis Hotel for cocktails and dinner, as guest of Glen Codman honoring Mr. Ezra Clark. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 28 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at 0900 had a conference with Colonel Oxx. At 1000 he attended a meeting of the Airfield Panel of A~med Forces Headquarters, and at noon went to the Palace Hotel for the Shrine Navy Day luncheon. He returned to his office in the afternoon and in the evening at 1800 hours, with Mrs. Clark and Ann, went down to the 3rd and Tovmsend depot to meet Dr. and Mrs. Char l es McCormick of Indianapolis who were to be their house · guests. I mmediately following this meeting the group went to the apartment of Mr. and Mrs. Hal Brunch for cocktaj.ls and then to the Palace Hotel for dinner as guests of Mr. Ezra Clark. * * * * �( SAN FRANCISCO - 29 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark took Dr. McCormick fishing in the morning and returned to quarters at noon due to rough weather. They then played golf in the afternoon and at 1800 hours General and Mrs. Clark and Dr. and Mrs. McCormick went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Louis Martin for cocktails and a hamburger supper and then returned to the hut where a movie was shown for a group of friends. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 30 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark played golf in the morning and spent the afternoon at home. In the evening, Gen:ral and Mrs. Clark and Dr. and Mrs. McCormick were guests of Lt. Colonel and 1 rs. c. Coburn Smith. They had cocktails at the Smiths' quarters followed .by a Hallowe•en party at the Officers Club. Mrs. Clark won the grand prize for the best costume; she was dressed as a Fiji Islander. * * * * SAN FRANCI SCO• 31 OCTOBER 1948 - General Clark and Dr. McCormick played golf during the day and spent the even:tng at home. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - l NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours saw Admiral Ketchum, Commander, Fleet Air Arm, Alameda Naval Air Station. At 1030 hours the General had a conference with Colonel H. J . Matchett and at 1100 hours presented the Medal of Merit to Dr. Luis w. Alvarez, physicist at the University of California. At 1130 hours he met the newly assigned field grade officers to the Headquarters. He had lunch at home and at 1400 hours, Mr. Roy Hudson, chief gardener of .Golden Gate Park, came to the quarters to advise the General on latest planting procedures and arrange for new garden soil. The General returned to his office at 1500 hours and remained until 1630 hours. At 1730 hours the General and Mrs. Clark said goodbye to Ann, who was leaving for the East, and then went to' a cocktail party given by Colonel and Mrs. McMahon in ·honor of Mrs. McCormick. They had dinner at home and then had a movie for a group of friends. General Clark played poker with the gentlemen and Mrs. Clark entertained the ladies. 1 * * * * SlTN FRANCISCO - 2 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0830 hours and at 0900 hours saw Colonel Thomas and Mr. Naramore from the Department of the Army . At 1000 hours he saw Messrs. Ferris, Doten and Russell of a local advertising firm handling recruiting advertising in this area. They were accompanied by Colonel Dean of the Recruiting Section of Sixth Army. At 1100 hours Mr. Herbert Fleis~hhacker, Sr. and George Cameron called on the General regarding the German Art Exhibition. General Clark lunched at home and played golf in the afternoon. In the evening, accompanied by Dr. and Mrs. McCormick, General and Mrs. Clark went to the home of Paul Verdier for dinner and the evening. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 3 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his o~fice at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours saw Lt . Colonel Charles H. Andrus, Eighth Army Liaison Officers at the SFPOE. At 1000 hours he saw Mayor Robinson of San Francisco and at 1100 hours conferred with Mr. Archie M. Ma.rdikian. He lunched at home and in the afternoon played golf with Colonel Lloyd. General and 1~rs. Clark and Dr. and Mrs. MCCormick had cocktails at the Mark Hopkins and Fairmont Hotels and dinner at Tarantinos. * * * * �( SAN FRANCISCO - 4 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arri ved at t he offi ce -at 0845 hours and at 0930 hours met Dr. Eugene M. Zuckert, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, on t he front steps of t he Headquarters Bui lding and, i n company with Or. Zuckert, inspected the Guard of Honor. The General had a conference with Dr. Zuckert and hi s two assistants, Mr. William Sweeney and Colonel Ernest Keating, dur ing t he morning and a t 1215 hours gave _a luncheon for Dr. Zucke rt at t he Of f i cers Club. I n t he afternoon the General returned to his office having arranged a golf match fo r Dr. Zuckert and Mr. Sweeney wi th Colonel Woodward and Lt. Colonel Moore. At 1700 hours a recept i on was held at the Officers Club in honor of Vice Admiral George D. Murray, new Commandant of the Western Sea Frontier and i n t he evening General and Mrs. Clark and Dr. and Mrs. McCormi ck were dinner guests of Lt. Colonel and Mrs. Howar d Moore. * * * * .SAN FRA.NCISC0 - 5 N0VEl\/TBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0900 hours and saw varjous staff officers during the morning . He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon with Mr . Eugene !vl. Zuckert , Under Secreta~.r of the Air Force , and Colonel Lloyd . At 1830 hours Chaplain and Mrs . Brown and Chaplain Ryan wjth his mother came to the house for dinner . Following dinner, an additional group of friends was invited to a movie at the hut . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO .. 6 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0845 and at 0900 had a conference wi.th Mr . Zuckert . He left hj_s office to p:}..ay golf at 1030 hours , and had lunch at home at ]400 hou~s and spent the afternoon there . General and Mrs . Clark went to the quarters of General and Mrs . Davidson for cocktails and then to the officers club as their guests for the formal dinner dance . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 7 NOVEMBER 1948 General Clark played golf in the morning and r ested at home :i.n the afternoon . At H~30 hours he and Mrs . Clark went to the Cow Palace at DaJy City for dinner as guests of Mr . and Mrs . Nion Tucker, and then to the Grand National Livestock show . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 N0VFJ,ffiER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and conferred with various staff officers throughout the morning . He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon . He had di nner at home and in the evening had a group of friends in for a movie . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 9 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 conferred with Brig . General Frederic Butler, Commander , Central Military District. He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon wi.th Al Schwabacher, Jr . and Colonel Woodward. At 1900 hours General and Mrs . Clark went to the apartment of Mr . and Mrs . Joseph Cauthorn for cocktails and then as their guests to the Mark Hopkins for dinner and opening night of HHdegard . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 10 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours . At 1000 he saw Mrs . Gloria Cecil about going to Japan, and at ll00 hours had an insurance physical examination given by Dr . Baker of t he Prudenti.al �Life Insurance Comi:any. He had lunch at home and returned to the office in the afternoon. At 1530 hours he went to the golf course ~nd played wHh Colonel Lloyd. At 1930 hours, Mr. William Bullitt, former Unii ed States Ambassador to France, came to the Post for dinner with the General prior to his departure for China. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 11 NOVEMBER 1948 - This being Armistice Day, General Clark did not go to the office and played golf in the mornjng with Colonels Lloyd and Woodward. He had lunch at his quarters and spent the afternoon there. At 1800 hours , accompanied by Brig . General Davidson, he went to Stilwell Hall where he was guest of honor of the Society of Military Engineers . After dinner he gave a talk to the Society and returned home about 2100. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - FORT ORD - PALM SPRINGS - 12NOVEMBER 1948 - At 0800 hours, General and Mrs. Clark, accomµi.n:ted by Captain Dallam, went to Hamilton Field and took off by plane for Fort Ord. The group arrived at 0930 hours and the General conducted an inspection of training and facilities at F'ort Ord. They had lunch at the Offi cers Club with Major General Jens A. Doe, Commanding General, 4th Infantry Div:ision, Fort Ord, and members of the staff. At 1500 hours the General d·eparted by plane for Palm Springs, California, where he and Mrs. Clark were to be the guests of Mr. and Mrs. Darryl F. Zanuck, Vice President in charge of production of 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation. The group arrived Palm Springs at 1730 hours and were met at the airport by Mr. Zanuck's chauffeur and taken to the house. The General had a swim and dinner .at 1900, and then went for a short walk. The Zanucks and the rest of the bouse guests were still in Hollywood and were not to arrive until the following morning. * * * * PALM SPRINGS, CALIF - 13 NDVEM3ER 194B - General Clark arose at 0900 hours and went for a swim. He had breakfast with Mrs. Clark beside the swimming pool. ·The other guests for the weekend were Rosalind Russell and husband and Constance Bennett. and her husband. During the day they enjoyed the swimming pool and tennis courts. The group had: a late dinner at 2100 hours and the General played pool and later went for a swim. * * * * PALM SPRINGS, CALIF - 14 KOVEM3ER 1948 - General and Mrs . Clark and the other guests remained at the hor.ie of the Zanucks relaxing and sunning and enjoying the recreational facilities at hand. * * * * PALM SPRINGS - LOS ANGELES - 15 1'1QYl~BER 1948 - General Clark departed from Palm Springs at 0845 hours and arrived at the Glendale Airport at 0930 hours. He was met by Brigadier General LeRoy Watson, Commander of Southern Military District. They i mmediately went to McCormick General Hospital in Pasadena where they were greeted by Colonel Welch, Co~manding Officer, and taken on a tour of inspection of the hospital . General Clark was well pleased with the· setup. From Pasadena, the group motored to downtown Los ~ngeles to see General Watson's headquarters and followinc that brief lnspection they went to the newly organized Officers Club on Wilshire Blvd . and lunched there as guests of Colonel Roberts, Commanding Officers of the 13th Armored Divisjon. Among the guests were Major General Huddleston, Commanding General of 40th Infantry Divis·on California National Guard and members of his staff. Fo]owing lunch the General went with General Watson to the Douglas Aircraft Factory, long Beach, California, for a demonstration of the new �{ ) transport C-124, whi ch will be the world's largest transport plane. The demons t ration consisied of showi ng the General the type and amount of equipment whi ch coul d be put on the plane - one demonstrat i on showed a portable crane being placed j n the fus i lage, followed by a second demonstrati on placi ng a t r actor and a semi-trai ler, i n addi t i on to a 2½ ton truck, inside the fusilage. Foll owing t hi s, General Clark motored to Fort MacArthur at San Pedro, ~here he inspected f aci lities of the Post which has recently been made the local ORC trai ning ground. Following the inspection, General ahd ~Mrs. Watson gave a recept i on i n honor of Genera] and Mrs. Clark. Mrs. Clark had motored from Pa lm Springs during the day with Miss Constance Bennett and her husband, and had then been driven to Fort MacArthur by a st~di o car. Following the reception, General and Mrs. Clark a nd Captain Dallam, departed for Mines Field i n Inglewood and took of f for San Francisco, returning to the Presidio at 2200 hours. *. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 16 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his off ice at 0825 hours and during t he morni ng was briefed by various staff members covering proj ects to be taken up at the Army Commanders Conference. The General had lunch at home and played golf i n the afternoon wi th Colonel Woodward. He had dinner at home with Mrs. Clark and at 2000 hours went to Sti lwell Hall to address the monthly meeti ng of the San Franci sco Chapter of the Reserve Of ficers Association. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 17 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his of fice at 0900 hours and at 0945 hours saw Lt. Colonel Gray , JA. At 1000 hours he had a conference wi th Major General Moore and Colonel Cbac, of Ar med Forces Headquarters. He had lunch at home and returned to t he offica at 1400 hours. He saw various staff off icers and returned to his quar~ers at 1645. At 1730 General and Mrs. Clark went to Dr. Chandler's for cocktails and later to dinner at the St. Francis Yacht Club as guests ot Colonel and Mrs. Lawton Butler, Army AG. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 18 N0VEJV1Bffi 1948 - General Clark arrived at his offi ce at 0900 and at 0945 hours recei ved Lt. Colonel Fields, who had formerly served as an enlisted man under General Clark's command at Fort Lewis. He came in to J;aY hi s res pects prior to his departure for Chi na. At 1030 t he General had a confe rence with t he G-3 sect i on regardi ng civi lian defense program. At 1345 hours t he Gen eral saw Lt. Colonel Gray, JA , and then returned to quarters for l unch. At 1300 hours he went golfing wi th Colonel Ll oyd and Navy Captai n Talbot. At 1600 hours, accompanied by Generals Robertson and Davidson, the Gene ral went to Admiral Murray's office at t he Federal Of fice Buildi ng, and following that went to the opening of the j oint public informati on center, 100 McAllister Street. He had dinner at home, with Cl are Booth Luce as guest. * * * * San Francisco- Kansas City , Miss our i - 19 NOVEMBER 1948 - General and Mrs . Clark , accompanied by Captain Dallam, depar t ed from Hamilton Field at 0800 hours for the East Coast . They stopped at Cheyenne , Wyoming for lunch and then l anded that evening at lathe , Kansas , about 30 miles south of Kansas City , Missouri . General and Mrs . Clark motor ed into Kansas City and spent the night at the Muhlbach Hotel as e;uest a of the manager, Mr . Barney Allis . * * * * �( KANSAS CITY, MI SSOURI - BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN - 20 NOVEMBER 1948 - The plane picked up General and W ~s . Clark at the Kansas City Airport at 1130 hours and the party flew north to Battle Creek, Michigan, arriving 1500 hours . They were met at the airport by M~. and Mrs . Ezra Clark, at whose home the General and Mrs . Clark were to spend the weekend . In the evening the Ezra Clarks had a few friends in for cocktails and_supper . * * * * BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN - 21 NOVEMBER 1948 - General and Mrs . Clark remained at the· Ezra Clarks dur i ng the day and i n the evening went to a cocktail party and then had dinner at the Post Hotel. * * * * BATTLE CREEK- DETROIT, MICHIGAN - 22 NOVEMBER 1948 - Ge-ner al Clark spoke before the Battle Creek High School at 1100 hours and departed from Battle Creek at 1315 hours . He arrived Detroit where he was met at the airport by Colonel Cummings , Michigan Military District , and Mr . H. M. Robbins , Secretary of the Commj ttee on For e·gn Relations, and went directly to the Statler Hotel to r emain there overnight . In the evening the General ' was the guest of and principal speaker at t he meeting of the Comr.it t ee on Foreign Relations . 11 * * * * DETROIT- NEW YORK CITY - 23 NOVEMBER 1948 - General and lfrs . Clark and Captain Dallam went to the airport and departed for Mitchel Field , Long Island, arriving there at 1330 hours . They were met at the airport by Ann and Bill Clark, who had mot ored from lest Point to meet them . They drove to the Hotel Astor in New Yor k City . General Clark contacted many friends i n the afternoon ·and in the even ing went to see HIGH BUTTON SHOES as guest of Mr . Robert Christenberry , President of the Astor Hotel . * * * * NEW YORK CITY - 24 NOVEMBER 1948 - General Clark called on Mr . Henry Luce in the morning and at lunch was ent ertained by Mr . J . P. Hennessy, Chairman of the Board of the Statler Hotels, at Club 21. During the afternoon the General made several calls and in the evening had dinner with the family at Sardi ' s and went to LH'E WITH MOTHER. * * * * 1948 - Thanksgiving Day . The Clark family s pent the mor ning at the hotel and in the afternoon went for cocktails to the home of General and Mrs . Eisenhower, following which they were guests at a Thanksgiving Dinner of Mr . and 11.! rs . Roy Howard . NEW YORK CITY - 25 NOVEi\1BER * * * * NEW YORK CITY - 26 NOVEMBER 1948 - The Clarks spent the day in and around the hotel as nn was not feeling well . They made several calls in the afternoon and in the evening, after dinner , went to the Winter Garden to see Bobby Clark ' s show AS THE GJRIS GO . * * * * �99 NEW YORK CITY-PHILADELPHIA - 27 NOVEMBER 1948 - Ann and Captain Dallam departed from the hotel by automobile at 0700 hours to drive to Philadelphia. General and Mrs. Clark departed on the 0915 train, accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. Roland Harriman. They arrived at the Philadelphia Municipa.l Stadium at 1145 hours and went directly to their seats where they watched the pregame parade and the rmyNavy football ga~e . Following the game, a reception given by General and Mrs. Maxwell Taylor, superintendent of U.S.M.A . , was attended by, the Clarks, following which they entertained friends in their sui te at the Hotel Ben"amin Franklin . ( * * * * PHILADELPHIA- W ASH JNGTON, DC - 28 NOVEMBER . 1948 - General and Mrs. Clark departed for Washington by train at 1015 hours and arrived there at 1230. They were met by an officer of General Bradley's staff and taken to their apartment at Fort Myer, Va. Ann and Captain Dallam drove from Phil~delphia and arrived at 1515 hours, and Ann, not feeling well, immediately went to bed . In the eveni ng the General and \1rs . Clark had dinner with Mrs. Clark, Senior, and returned home to Fort Myer. * * * * WASHINGTON, DC - 29 NOVEvIBER 1948 - General Clark left his quarters at 0800 hours to go to the Pentagon Building for the start of the Army Commanders Conference whfoh lasted the entire morning. He bad lunch with General Bradley in the Secretary of the Army's dining room, and in the afternoon contacted various staff officers of the Deµlrtment of the Army . In the eveningneneral and Mrs . Clark and Mrs . Clark, Senior were guests of General and Mrs. Bradley at their home for dinner . * ~ * * * WASHINGTON , DC - 30 NOVEMBER 1948 - The Army Commanders Conference again started at 0830 hours and the General spent the entire morning at the conference. He lunched again in the Secretary of the Army's dining room and in the afternoon contacted various staff officers . At 1500 hours he called on Mr . W. Averell Harriman at his office and then returned to the Pentagon Building. That evening, General and Mrs. Clark dined at 0 1Donnell 1 s Restaurant. * * * * WASHINGTON, DC-OKIAHO~.A CITY, OKLA - 1 DECEMBER 1948 - Ann and Mrs . Clark, accompanied by-Sgt . Frank Roberts, departed at 0800 hours to drive in Ann's new car to the fest Coast. The General went to the Pentagon Building at 0830 hours where the meeting of the Army Commanders was again resumed for the entire morning . At 1245 hours the conference ended and the General, accomranied by Colonels Woodward and Slocum, G- 4 and G- 3 of Sj_xth Army, immediately went to the airport to return to San Francisco . They took off at 1300 hours and landed at Oklahoma City where they remained overnight at Tinker Field as guests of Brigadier General James Spry . * * * * OKLAH~, CITY- SAN FRANCISCO - 2 DECEMBER 1948 - The party departed Tinker Field at 0800 hours and stopped for refueling at Albuquerque . They arrived Hamilton Field at 1630 hours, and returned by car to the Presidio reaching the General's quarters at 1790 hours . The General had a short conference with Colonel McMahon and ret i red early . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - J DEC.EMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at the offi ce at 0915 hours and had a series of conferencee with vari ous staff officers throughout the morning. He had lunch at home and during the afternoon _played golf with Colonel Lloyd and �General Robertson and in the evening went out with friends . ( * * * * 81 N FRANCISCO - 4 DECENIBER 1948 General Clark played golf in the morning with Colonel Woodward and Generals Robertson and Kilburn . In the late afternoon the General left for Oakland to attend the Winter Ceremonial of the AAHMES Temple. He had dinner thereand made a short talk . * * * SAN FRANCISCO 5 DECElV !BER 1948 General Clark played golf in the morning and remained at home in the afternoon . He went out with friends for dinner that evening . * * * * S N J.l"'RANCISCO - 6 DECEMBER 1948. - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours had a conference w1 th Major General Harry Collins , who had come down from Fort Lewis to discuss various staff matters . At 1100 hours the General had a private conf erence with Wendell Witter of Dean Witter & Company, InvestmentE, ' and then lunched at home . He played golf in the afternoon, had dinner at home and retired ear]y . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO 7 DECEMBER 1948 General Clark arrived at the office at 0900 and at 0920 went to San Bruno to the Golden Gate National Cemetery to attend _ the burial services of Pvt . Leonard M. Conway . He returned fro.m the services at 1100 hours and at 1115 had a conference with Colonel Oxx . He lunched at home, return j ng to the office in the afternoon, most of which was spent attendin_g to correspondence . He returned to quarters at 1600 hours and in the evening had dinner in town with friends . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 DECEMBER. 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours saw Brigadier General Zundell, Chief of Counter Intelligence Corps . At 1030 hours the General conducted the initial commissioning ceremony of six newly connnissioned Second Lieutenants , direct from civilian life . At 1130 hours he saw Major General Jens Iroe, Fourth Infantry Divis :i on Commander, who drove up from Monterey for the call . He had lunch at home and played golf with Colonel Lloyd - in t he afternoon. He remained home in the evening . * * * * S N FRANCISCO - 9 DECEMBER 194.8 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 0900 saw Brigadier General Fitch from the Adjutant General's office in Washington who is here -to conduct a recruiting conference . At 0915 hours he saw Major General Robert Frederickson; at 1100 hours Rear dmiral Lynde D. McCormick, new 12th Na.val District Commander, called to pay his respects . t 1130 hours, accompanied by Colonel I': cMahon, the General vJent to the Palace Hotel for t he Shrine luncheon . He returned to his of fic e following the luncheon and at 1730 departed for Treasure Island for a reception given by Vice dmiral and Ili:rs. Murray honoring Rear dmiral McCormick and Mrs. McCormick. 1 * * * * �tQ I SAN FRANCISCO - 10 DEC~VIB.ER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 saw Lt. Colonel Ellis, acting Judge Advocate, on some court martial cases . At 1245 hours he went to the Presidio Officers Club where he was host to a i:arty given i n honor of Colonel Jacques de la Boisse, the French Military Attache at Washington. The luncheon lasted until 1500 hours and then the General brought Colonel de la Boisse and Captain Meslet, his aide, to the office to show them pictures of his dealings with the French in North Africa and Italy . At 1830 hours, accompanied by Captain Dallam , the General went to t he St . Francis Hotel as guest of Mr . and Mrs . Herbert Fleishhacker Senior at dinner . Also at t endi ng were Mr . and Mrs . George Cameron . Following this the party went to the deYoung Museum at Golden Gate Park for the open j ng of the exhibit of captured German art. The General gave a short talk at 2100 hours and after touring the art galleries the General returned home . * * * * FRANCISCO - 11 DECEMBER 1948 - General Clark p:J_ayed golf in the morning with General Robertson, General Ki lburn and Colonel Woodward, and then lunched at home. At 1430 hours Mrs . Clark and Ann arrived home after crossing the country by car . They spent- the remainder of the afternoon talking over the trip and at 1800 hours General and Mrs. Clark were guests of Colonel and Mrs. Peter Lloyd for cocktajls at their home· and dinner and dancing at the Officers Club . SAN * * * * SAN FRANCI SCO - J2 DECEMBER 1948 - General Clark s pent the entire day at home . 'l'hey had dinner in town with friends . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 13 DECElVIBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours saw the newly- assigned field grade of ficers . At 1200 hours he went home for lunch and returned to the office about 1400 hours . He left at 1530 hours and returned home . At 1830 hours the General went to dinner at the Pacific Union Club given by the Army Advisory Committee , with Mr . James Calkins as host . * * * * 14 DECEL'lBER 1948 - General Clark arr i ved at his of fice at 0930 hours. He saw various staff officers during the morning and at noon lunched at home. He played golf in the afternoon wi th Colonels Lloyd and Woodward and i n the evening the General, Mrs. Clark and Ann had di nner in town as guests of Mr. Nathan Cummings. SAN FRANCISCO - * * SAN FRANCISCO - 15 DECEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1030 hours saw Mr. Harry Mazlich and his group comprising the March of Dimes Committee in Los Angeles. At 1100 hours he saw General George Moore and then lunched at home with hi s family. In t he afternoon, the General returned to his of fice for a short while and went out to play golf at 1500 hours. He dined at home that evening. * * * * - ·16 DECEMBER 1948 General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 1000 hours saw I.ansing Tevis, after which he sav~ various staff officers of Headquarters. He had lunch at home and during t he afternoon played golf. Dined at home. SAN FRANCISCO * * * * �(01 SAN FRANCISCO - 17 DECEMBER 194$ - General Clark arrived at his office at ~ 0845 hours and at 1000 the French Naval Attache, Captain Lancelot, who was here from Washington, DC, called to pay his respects. The General.lunched at home and went shopping ix:>- the _afternoon. He dined at home with the family. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 18 DECEMBER 1948 - General Clark played golf in the morning with General Kilburn and Colonels Woodward and Lloyd. He lunched at home about 1300 hours and then went to NBC studios in San Francisco to participlte in a nation-wide broadcast of the Vienna Boys Choir. Later in the afternoon he went for a walk and then dined at home. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 19 DECEfi~BER 1948 - General Clark and family drove to Sonoma to the home of, Mr. and Mrs. Edmond Coblentz for lunch. Returning to the Presidio, the family spent the evening at home. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 DECEMBER 19/4,g - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and saw various staff members throughout the morning. At 1215 hours the General lunched with Dr. Chandler of the Stanford Medical Department at the Bohemian Club. The General spent the evening at home with his family. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 21 DECEJ.IABER 194$ - BillClark arrived from West Point at 0130 hours to spend Christmas vacation with his family. The General arrived at his off ice at 0930 hours and at 1000 saw ·t1r. Kay of the San Francisco Chronicle. Mr. Kay had written articles on recruits at Fort Ord and he was to discµss them with the General. At 1100 hours General James A. Lester, CG of the San Francisco Port of Embarkation, was presented with the Legion of Merit by General Clark. The General lunched at home and remained there until 1800 hours at which time he and his family went to the home of Mr. and Mrs. J~Brendon Brady for cocktai ls. The General then continued on to the Pacific-Union Club special holiday dinner at 1930 hours. / * * * * SAN FRAi CISCO - 22 DECEf\/lBER 194·? - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and attended to routine office mat ters·. He lunched at home and remained there throughout the afternoon. At 1830 hours the family went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Ed unds for cocktails after which they went to the Christmas dinner dance at the Officers Club. * * * * SAN FRANCISC0-23 DECEMBER 194$ - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and attended to routine of fice matters. At 1000 hours he saw General Lester on the attendant circumstances surrounding the wedding at Oakland Army Base involving an American officer and an 8riental bride. The General spent the after noon at home and in the evening the family, accomp3.nied by Captain Dallam, had dinner at de Fior d'Italia. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 DECEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and returned to quarters at noon. In the meantime the plane from Seattle �carrying Mr. and Mrs. Tom Griffiths arrived at 1130 hours. In the afternoon the General went downtown shopping and then returned to quarters where he spent 1te evening went his family. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 25 DECEMBER 1948 - At 1045 hours General and N~s. Clark, in company with Brig. General and Mrs. Frank L. Cole, and Judge Michael Musmanno, who had arrived from the East to spend Christmas with the Clarks, toured Le tterman Gener~l Hospital greeting the i:atients. At 1300 hours the Clark fa , ily, rrudge Musma.nno, Mr. and Mrs. Griffi tbs had dinner at Headquarters Coro~ny. At 1800 hours General . and Mrs. · Clark had cocktails at their quarters for about 24 people, and then had dinner at the Officers Club. ' * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 26 DECEMBER 1948 - The Clarks spent the greater part of the day at home and then were guests of George and Archie Mardikian at OMAR KHAYYAM'S following which Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths left by plane for Seattle at J.915 hours, Ge.neral and Mrs. Clark, Ann, and Judge Musmanno attended George White's Variety show at the Curran Theater as guests of Mr. Lou.is Lurie, President of the Curran and Ge,ary Theaters. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 27 DECEMBER 1948 - GenE·ral Clark arrived at the office at 0830 hours and attended to routine office matters untj_l noon, when he returned to his quarters for the afternoon and evening. Judge Musmanno left by plan~ this morning to return to Los Angeles. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 28 D:Ex::EMBER 1948 - Gen eral Clark arrived at the office at 0845 hours and after attending to routine office matters returned to his quarters. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 29 DECEMBER 194.8 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0915 hours and saw various members of the staff. At 1100 hours Dr. Vat,1 Woerden, Consul General of the Netherlands, called on the General to µiY a Christmas call and discuss international events. The General returned to his quarters for lunch and spent the afternoon at home. At 1730 hours the Clark family went to the home of Klr. and Mrs. Taggart for cocktails, and then to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs • Browning at 1830 hours and then to the Officers · Club for the informal dinner dance. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 30 DECEMBER 1948 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at 1000 hours saw Commander Jose Rivas y Sanz, who was in port with his corvette of the Mexican Navy, in company with Consul of Mexico, Mr. Edmundo Gonzale~. The GeRn~aBi!!turned to his quarters at noon and at 1830 hours, with Mrs. Clark and Anll6 went to the eountry place of P,lr. Gordon Tevis, ( Glen Ellen, Sonoma County). * ( \ * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 31 DECEMBER 1948 - Gen eral Clark arrived at bis office at 0900 hours and attended to routine office matters. He returned to his quarters at noon and i .n the evening attended the New Year's ·party at the offfoers club. * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - December 31, 1948 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1 - December 31, 1948. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1680 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/ab4fadcb6291cdd0f7b839b37c50f923.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=iPXorCgMaHRGCQUzpm9bl1ftRXnmB4oxj2zmt1vX2k8SR0jNRV2-WDDL4dfTDxjcs-U05RcU6RMXwugVTcSXldnze8bhEFpEZWG1RpD-uo0CUkIV%7EfhG5f31LKBSx%7EA8cE-BhyS5VXTzisbRydaMPrOV8DB1JmolQGNJ4Y6wlG8yVF4NLS0%7EmruEvucXyHiwZIEUmGdr3M5A64Z89I6df3ps%7E9UkhqHcMy3bHz2AD9q4QPkl99nZ%7EIUwaJNfmyqD%7EySLkVY2B5y1yrDTgYK8OxeG%7EcP8prHNC1Rui4WnnrFAyhg6ElnRta%7Ed7rbY08RXHrkUmlv6I7urJR5O1Z9viA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 03283b463ecc84759fa077fccf84fc53 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ( ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM DIARY FOR 1950 �1 9 5 O FORT ,~fON:1-0E - 1 J.A NU!HtY 19 50 - General and t'.irs .. Clark held a reception at the Officers -.Jasemate Club from 1500 to 1300 hours . 'rhey received a 1 mernbers of the garrison 1 * FORT UONROE - 2 JP l'JUA HY 1 o 50 - Full holiday. General and Ifrs • Clark attended the cocktail party i ven by Colonel and lfrs . \·Jehle ., FORT :vIONROE - J J.ANUARY 1950 - General Cl::irk spent the morning at the office, and rem2.ined at ;iorne in the afternoon a nc.1 evening . FORT :AONROE - 4 JANUPRY 1950 - Generc:i 1 Clark spent the 1~orning at the office, and rer:1.ained at home in the a.ft,ernoon and evening . * FORT 1:10N'" OE - 5 JANUARY 1950 - G2"~ral Clark arrived at the office at 0830 hours He saw :fajor General ~dil ey from Camp Campbell, Kentucky, who made a courtesy ca 1. General Clark remained at home in tne eve~1ing . *· FORT ..JIO.NrWE - 6 JP:JUtRY 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0845 hours . L ter in the morning there was an honor guard for Lt .. General L T .. Gerow, CG of 2nd Army, Fort ~tea de , :v d . , who called at Fort llionroe ., Genera 1 Gerow lunched with General Chrk at his quarters . General Cl.ark returned to his office and later received Rear Admiral Jerauld Viright, Commander of the trriphibious Force at orfolk . That evening General and Mrs . Clark attended an informal supper at the qu~rters of Colone and li;l rs . 1 : . D .. Smith . * FORT r.10NROE - 7 JANUARY 1950 - General Clark played r;olf -vvi. th a foursome . In the afternoon General c=ind 1',1rs Clark attended a cocktail and buffet at the Casemate Club given by Lt Col and Ivirs . Smith and Lt Col K 1frs . D'Orsa . Later they had dinner with the S ulli vans on the occasion of Genera 1 Sullivan's birt hday . FORT ..10N=:t0E- WASHINGTON, DC - 8 JANUARY 1950 :- Jeneral Clark and _,trs by car for '/fash;.ngton , arriving Hotel ~·3tatler at 1730 hours .. Cl8rk departed WAStlINGTON, DC - 9 JP.NUATIY 1950 - General Clark spent the enti v•e day in the Pentagon Building as Chairman of the Board called by Secretary of the P. rmy Gr ay in con~ection with t he justification for retaining the responsibility for river a nd harbor work with the Army Corps of Engineers VJ SHINGTON, DC - 10 JANUP RY 19 50 - General Clark spent the entire with the Gray Board in the ?entagon .. In the evening he, accompanied by lvrs . Clark and Colonel Frank Oxx , had di nner at Hogate ' s Seafood Rest!':turant .. �Vli\SHINGT0N, DC - 11 JANUJ\.RY 19 50 - General Clark spent the entire day with the Gr;.y Board. In the evening he dined with Brig General and ·:vrs . Aaron Bradshaw at Watergate Inn . ( WASHINGTON, DC - FORT MONROE - 12 JilNU.A RY 1950 - General Cl,qrk spen-t the morning finishing up the Gray Board Report . He returned to the Statler Hotel at 1300 . Plans had b2en ma de to depart for New York on the Congressional train, but due to being indisposed, and on advice of doctors at Walter Reed Hospital yesterday, General Clark cancelled all plans and appointments and returned to Fort r onroe . He arrived home about 1830 hours . .)k FORT ~v10NR0E his book . - 13 JANUARY 1950 - General Clark spent the day in bed and worked on ➔("" FORT i.10NR0E - ➔t- 1} * 14 JAN illi RY 1950 - General Clark spent the day at home . ,~FORT MONROE -~~ ➔~ ➔( ➔~ i~ ➔~ 15 JA NUARY 1950 - General Clark spent the day at home . {~ {~ * -)~ F'0RT MONROE - 16 JA NUARY :\-9 50 - General Clark arrived a.t his office about 0830 hours and attended to routine office matters . He remained at home in the evening . FORT MONROE - 17 J NU.ARY 1950 - General Clark arrived a.t his office at 08Li.5 hours . General William S . Lawton , the new Chief of Staff, arrived by air at Norfolk at 1430 hours, and at Fort Monroe at 1645 . The Lawton family dined with General and Mrs . Clark . FORT MONROE - 18 JANUARY l,.950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0840 hours . Soon there after he had his picture taken for the Post Ma rch of Dimes drive . He lunched at home and returned to the office in the afternoon . That evening he was host to Captain ( lEN) Robert Morris, who recently arrived for duty in Nor:fiolk, and Captain (IBN') and Mrs . Reinken, for cocktails and dinner . F0Rrr MONROE - 19 JANUARY 1950 - Due to inclement weather, General Cl~rk cancelled his planned trip to Washington to attend the funeral of General Hap ~,rnold at Arlington . At 1100 hours, Major General Robert 1J . Lee , CG Tactical Air Command at Langley Air force Base, called on the General to discuss arrangements for SWEETBRIAR . maneuvers trip to Alaska and P0ilTREX to San Juan . General Clark remained at home in the evening . * * FORT 1\t1:0NR0E - 11 JANUARY 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0850 hours . He att e nded to routine office matters and a·t C930 hours ,.v1r . Robert Keedick arrived from NYC to discuss with the General proposed speaking engagements later in the year when the General 1s book is about to be published . At 1100 hours Brig . Genl Gaither of the 82nd Airborne Division conferred with General Clark reference obtaining personnel for Exercise Slv.ARJ\1ER .- General ind Mr ·s . Clark had dinner at the Officers Club, followed by a Woman 1 s Club program at the Post Thea.ter, subject, ,borigines of Australia . �FORT MONROE - 21 J.AIJU~RY 1950 - General Clark played golf during the day nd in the af-tern9on had cocktails at the quarters of Colonel .ind ~i1rs . N. II . Lynde . ( * * * FORT :JtJNROE - 22 JANDA RY 1950 - General Clark played golf in the morning . In the evening he attended dinner at the Club as guests of General and Mrs . Sullivan . * FORT MONROE - 23 J NUARY 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0845 hours . He received a courtesy call from Brigadi er General R. E . Starr and Major General G. E . Shea, who are here on the Equipment Panel . The General attended to routine office matters during the day and remained at home in the evening . F'OR·r ~~IONROE - 24 J NUARY 19 50 - General Clark arrived at the office at 08 50 hours . He played golf in the afternoon . Later Brigadier General and Mrs . Fred Butler · from the Presidio of San Francisco ar ived by car . They had cocktails at the 1 uarters of General Clark at 1730 . General Clark spent the evening at home . The dinner previously arranged by Vice Admiral ~nd Mrs . Hall in Norfolk for Secretary of the Navy 1Jlatthews had been cancelled. FORT dONROE - 25 JAi"JUP. RY 1950 - General Clark departed from Fort Monroe for Y.'ashington at 0830 hours by plane to participate in th~ Chief of Staff ' s conference held for the benefit of retired -•eneral Officers living in the Washington area . He was accompanied by Genera]s Halsey and Beasley, Colonel Costello ancL Lt Colonel C. C. Smith . The morning was spent contacting Chief of Sections in the Pentagon reference personnel for exercise PORTREX . The C;S 1s conference vvas held from 1530 to 1700 hours . The Gener l left National .A irport at 1730 hours and arrived a1 t Fort Monroe at ·1900 . That eveninf:, he attended a Fort Monroe l'f asontc meeting in c ompa.ny vri th Lt ., Colonel Frank Roberts . He made a brief address . FORT MONROE - 26 JA11 UAP-Y 1950 - General Clark arriv:-_.,d at nis office at 0815 hours . He ttended to various routine office matters and saw v2.rious officers . In the evening he attended a reception held t the Officers Club honoring the newly-arrived Chief of Staff Brigadier General 1filliam S . Lawton a d his wife . FORT :mNROE - 27 JA.l'JUARY 19 50 - GeDeral Cl3 rk arrived at his office at 0830 hours . He vras interviewed by CIC A8ent Haislip re identit:r of an .Army Officer . He then made a television broadcast for a portion of the ORC program being conducted by the Army Field forces . At 1530 hours he left by car, accompanied by :,1rs . Clark and uenera1 and ~.l rs. Sullivan , to go to Richmond to attend a dinner given by the Virginia ·~1ilitary Institute group of Richmond at the Hotel Jefferson_ . rfrs . Clark and Mrs . Sullive2n went to a movie and Generals Clark and Sullivan went to the home of Dudley George at 1203 Confederate Avenue for drinks, then to the dinner at the Jefferson Hotel . They returned to Fort Monroe that night . FORT :ilONROE - 28 JAi:WARY 19 50 General Cl:;i_rk played golf in the mo ··ning with General S ulli v~n and Lt. 1volonels Eichorn and Hill. In the noon-hour ,, eneral and �5l Mrs . Clark went to the free buffet lunch at the Ccrnemate Club where they met Maj or John Oswalt and his wife . In the evening General and I.rrs. Clark went to the quarters of Colonel and H. ~ . ~~nroe for cocktails and then as their guests to the Club for a formal dinner da~ce . * }TORT >10NROE - 29 JANUARY 1950 - General and ''lrs . Clark received Veterans dministra tion Ch ief General Carl Gray and his 1rife at their quarters about 1000, after which Generals Clark and Gray went to the office for a conference conducted by General Bradford on the l\FF proposed program for the OreRnized Reserve Railway Service . In tr1e afternoon, bhe =:1cirKs shmved the Grays about the 1)0s t and vicinity At 1700 hours General Clark had a small cocktail p rty honoring the Greil ys, vvho then left by river steamer a.t-1900 . 'General and 1~~ rs . Clark went to the quarters of Colonel and r,:rs . F . G. Trew for dinner . FORT MO:JROE - 30 JANUP,RY 1950 - Gen e r2,l Clark arrived 2.t his office nt 0845 hours . · At 1130 hours he departed by ferry for I:{ orfolk to speak at the Sports Club of j\ orfolk at a luncheon . He returned i1m.1ediately a fterw-ards, .arriving at 1530 hours .. rie remained at his office until 1630. rhe General spent the evening at home . 1 FORT MONROE - 31 JANUARY 1950 - General Irvine , Director of Intelli gence , D/A, paid a courtesy call on the General at his office this morning . Follovnng this visit, the General presented a civilian a·ward to Mr . Rooert Ho llier for devising 2 ways for t,he Government to save money on warehousing . General Clark left the off'ice early in order to leave by boat at 1730 hours, in company with General ~nd av~ rs. i.facon , General and ~:Irs . Lawton,. Genera1 and rfrs . Hale, Colonel and ~frs . Valentine, Mrs • Faris, Lt Colonel and 1:Irs . Snith, :Maj or and 1,_rs . Jaccard and :tirs . Reinken, to attend the cocktail party honoring Ad11iral Blandy, held at the Armed Force Staff College at Norfolk . The party was given by the Commissioned Navy Officers in the !forfolk area . Admiral Blandy has retired as Commander- in- Chief of the Atlantic and IB A tla nt ic Fleet , to be succeeded by Admiral Fechtel er, who takes over 1 February . The group returned to Fort :fonroe at 1930 ho urs. FOH.T :~rnNROE - 1 · February 19 50 General Clark spent the morning in the office , prr.cipally vvorking on his book. Ile had his picture taken purchasing tickets from a polio victim in connection with the ~,1arch of Dimes drive . He spent the afternoon and evening at home . This day the B~ttleship MISSOURI was freed of the shoals just off the Beach Club at Fort :.Ionroe·, after about 2 we-eks aground . FORT MONROE - 2 February 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and attended to routine office matters. He turned down an invitation to be present in ;rashington on the occasion of Mr . Bendetsen assuming his new office as Assistant Secretary of the ftrmy. In the evening General Clark had calleis at his house and spent the evening at home. * * FORT MONROE - 3 FEBRUARY 1950 - General Clark .arrived at h i s office at 0900 hours. At 1100 hours Admiral Fechteler, newly-appointed commander of the Atlantic and U.S. Atlantic Fleet, arrived by cabin cruiser to make.a courtesy call on General Clark. There was a guard of honor in front of the Hotel Chamberlin. In the ijvening, General �and ~rs . Clark were dinner guests of Colonel and hlrs. Stevenson . * * F'ORT MONROE - 4 February 19 50 - General ClR-rk played golf with Colonels Eichorn, D'Orsa and Hill . Remained at home in the evening . * * * FORT ivlONROE - 5 February 19 50 - General Clark played golf with Colonels Eichorn and · Hill and Navy Captain Reinken. Remained at home in the evening .. * * FORT ~viONROE - 6 February 1950 - General Clark attended to routine office matters in his office this morning . At 1230 hours Colonel B. L. Lucas , president of AFF Board No . 4 at Fort Benning made a courtesy call on the General In the evening the General received call rs at his home - General Collier, General and Mrs . Starr , Colonel and Mrs . Cocke . * * FORT MONROE - 7 February 1950 - This day is General Clark's secretary's birthday Dorothy Davis . General Clark, accompanied by Generals Halsey and Sullivan , Navy Captain Reinken and Lt . Colonel C. C. Smith, left at 0735 hours by Old Point Ferry for Camp Pendleton, stopping at Little Creek Amphibious Base to inspect facilities there for units engaging in PORTREX maneuvers . The General and party witnessed the landings by regimental combat team 7 , RCT , with one battalion of' the 15th Infantry. The party returned to Little Creek for lunch with Admiral Jer auld Wright, Admiral Murray, Major General Pepper , lEMC , and Navy Captain Bell . Following luncheon, General Clark and party proceeded to Admiral Fechteler's headquarters to return the courtesy call . The group left the naval base by cabin cruiser and returned to Fort Monroe at 1515 hours . That night General and Mrs . Clark had dinner with Major General and Mrs . Sullivan and then went to t.he Post Theater. WASHINGTON, DC FORT MONROE - /8 February 1950 - General Clark , accompanied by General Beasley, Colonel Carson, Colonel Roy and Lt . Colonel Smith, left Fort Monroe at 0800 hours and arrived 1 ashington at 0900 . General Clark attended a conference at 1000 hours on weafpons evaluation held by General Hull . At noon General ClRrk lunched at the Hotel Mayflower with Colonel Eberhard Deutsch and his wife from New Orleans . He then returned to the Pentagon for a conference at 1500 hours called by Iv' r . Bendetsen for the purpose of determining the Army stand on consolidation and elimination of' Army and Armed Forces schools . Following the meeting, General Clark and party returned to Fort Monroe, arriving Langley Field about 1510 hours. He remained at home in the evening . * FORT MONROE - 9 F'ebruary 19 50 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 0900 hours saw General Livesay from Fort Knox, Kentucky who paid a courtesy call . Later in the morning, General Clark telephoned General Bolte in vVashington In the afternoon he cancelled his plans to go to S WEETBRIAR maneuvers in Alaska and designated General Halsey to represent him . * FORT iv10NHOE - 10 February 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 s aw Joe Morr is , who had arrived this day to help the General 1itltl1 his book . He worked with Mr . Morris in the afternoon also and in the evening General and Mrs . Clark attended · a cocktail supper at Cr·lonel and Mrs . Stevens' quarters . . * * * �53 FORT ·mNROE - 11 Fe.b ruary 1950 - General Clark started to develop a cold so remained at home. He cancelled his attending the cocktail party of Colonel and Mrs. Downard. * FORT MONROE - 12 February 1950 - General Clark remained at home . book. He worked on his * FORT IAONROE - 13 February 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office and attended to routine office matters . 'fhat evening the Clarks and Sullivans gave a Valentine party for 169 guests at the Officers Club * * FORT MONROE - 14 :B"'ebruary 19 50 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and at 0920 Lt . Colonel Hans borough came to ·the office to say goodbye to General Clark as he was departing to return to his station in Germany after a short tour of duty with the Equipment Panel. At 1030 hours General ClR.rk called lvlr . Cass Canfield of Harper and Brothers in NYC . He lunched at home and at 1445 hours General and Mrs . Clark left Fort iVlonroe for Richmond where General Clark made a formal call on Governor of Virginia Battle At 1?30 General and ulrs . Clark arrived at the Hotel Jefferson for cocktails followed by a Grand Masters Masonic dinner, after which the men proceeded to the Masonic Lodge Hall to held a formal meeting. They returned that night to Fort .v1onroe . . * * FORT :.:ONROE - 15 February 19 50 - Lt . General McLain, Comptroller General, made a brief call on General Clark . At 1030 hours the General was briefed on project A.NJHAA (analys i s of anti-aircraft) .. He attended to routine office matters the rest of the da y and in the evening General and !{~rs . Clark attended an informal supper at quarters of Colonel and :Mrs . S igerfoos, honoring General and Mrs. Lawton. General Lawton is the new C;S of AFF . * * FORT lv10NROE - 16 February 1950 - General Homer arrived this morning in time to attend a briefing held in the war room for General Clark and General Officers here with the Panel on the guided missiles program. At 1015 hours, General Clark saw· Colonel Goode, Deputy Post Cor.unander . At 1030 hours , Joe Morris again spent about an hour with the General regarding his proposed book, prior to his departure on the 2040 boa t to Cape Charles . At 1?30 hours, General Clark had General Homer to his quarters for cocktails . General Homer left on the 1900 hour boat for Washington . At 1900 hours General and Mrs . Clark went to the quarters of Brig . General and Mrs . Williams for dinner . * F'ORT MONROE - l? February 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0840 hours and at 1000 saw Colonel Erhart and Lt . Colonel Beggs, Reserve Officers sent by General Carl Gray for 15 days active duty . At 1100 hours General McAuliff made a courtesy call. General Clark lunched at home and re·turned to the office for the afternoon . In the evening , at 1800 hour-s, General an d Mrs . Clark went to the Club to attend the cocktail party given by Colonel and :Mrs . J . B. Rasbach . Later they attended the movie CLrnERELIA. at the post theater . * * F'ORT N:ONROE - 18 February 1950 - General Clark remained at home this day . * * �FOR'r MONROE - WASHINGTON, DC - 19 February 1950 - General Clark remained at home in the morning and at 1400 hours left for Walter Reed Hospital in Washington by plane. He entered the hospi·tal that night for a hemorrhoid operation, after seeing his mother. Colonel Smi·th returned to Fort donroe thP t evening by plane. * * WASHINGTON, DC - 20 February 1950 - General Clark was operated on this morning at 0830 hours and remained in the hospital until the 23rd. -',t * WASHINGTON, DC - FORT ~IONROE - 23 February 1950 :-- General Clark left ·the hospital af·t er a dental appointment, and returned to Fort konroe. Mrs. Clark was in the hospital at Fort ~ilonroe with a light case of pneumonia, having entered on the 22nd. General Clark visited her immediately on arrival and then went to his -quarters. General Weart arrived this evening from Ft. Belvoir, Va. ➔r * * * FORT MONROE - 24 February 1950 - General Clark remained at home this day. * * FORT· MO~rnOE - 25 February 1950 * - * * General Clark remained at home this day. * ➔~ * FORT MONROE - 26 February 1950 - Gen eral Clark went at 1100 hours to Langley Field to meet General and Mrs. George c. Marshall , bringing them back to the Hotel Chamberlin. In the evening General Clark and Ann attended the Hill-Eichorn cocktail supper party at the Club. Mrs. Clark returned from the hospital this afternoon. * * FORT MONROE - 27 February 1950 - General Clark arrived at 0830 hours and attended to routine office matters. In the evening he went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Winn for dinner wit h General and Mrs. L1arshall. * * FORT MONROE - 28 February 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at o:)00 hours. He had a haircut at 0930 hours and at 103:{J hours had a recording made for 'l'HIS IS YOUR LIFE, a radio program which will star lilrs . Claire Phillips , who had received an award from the General for her work in the ?hillippines in aiding the Allied cause. At 1180 hours he awarded the Bronze Star Medal to Sergeant White . At 1300 hours he saw Mr. Aubrey Mason , investment broker . He wrote checks on his income tax - 1946 ( final) and 1950 estimated. He left the office at 1530 and remained at home that evening. * * * FORT MONROE - 1 MARCH 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours . He attended to routine office matters and saw General Corput of the Signal Corps, who made a courtesy call. The General left just prior to noon for Norfolk to see Robert Wood, Chairman of the Board of Sears, Roebuck and Company, who was guest of honor at a luncheon in that city. General Clark returned to Fort Monroe about 1530 in time to meet General Matt Eddy, GG of Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, who arrived at that time, accompanied by five officers of his staff. That evening General and :vlrs. Clark entertained at dinner, .followed by a mo\de, General Eddy, Colonel and i.1rs. Ho-ward, Major and :Jrs . Jaccard, Colonel George Honnen, General and Hrs. Sullivan . \ �55 FORT •.;O.NRO:S - 2 ~.:ARCH 1950 - General Eddy saw General Clark briefly b the 1norning prior to his departure for Fort r.ustis and CM1p Lee At 103 hours General Clark conferred with General .G~asley on the subject of tanks At 1130 hours :father Schmidhauser, the new pastor nt St ,.lary Star of the Sea., located at Fort J. onroe , called to pay his respect,s to the General. At noon, :vlr ., Frederic Paterson from dashington called on the GeneraL General Clark lunched Rt home and worked on 11is book in tne afternoon Ire remained at nome in the evening . 1 ( ) Jl'01i,T ··;.OHIWE - 3 ,~:ARCH 1950 - GenPral Clark arrived at his office about 0900 hours and a t 0945 hours saw the Deputy Post Commander, Colonel Goode, and at 1000 hours General ..18.con, 7vho discussed Or;eration SWAR.:.1.::iR, to be held at Forts Bragg and Benning At 1030 hours General forstad, Chief of Air Force Operations, and General Gaither, Assistant Ji vision Co~'1illander of the r:2nd Airborne Di vision , came to make a courte3y call and to discuss briefly problems arising in connection with S W.AE.1 ~R e At 1100, Brigadier Riddell, British Cclief of Staff to the Chief of Combined Operations, accompanied by Colonel Ferguson-'1.farren, made a courtesy calL At 1130 hours General Ogden, 0 & T, Department of tr1e Army , talked with the General for a short time . 11he General lunched at home and in :,he afternoon worked on his book ~ He renained at home in the evening * FOR·r ·.10TJR0E - 4 ...:ARCH 1950 - General Clark played golf and in the evening General and :',.rs . Clar1<: went to the Casemate Club as guests of Brig . General and1·1rs '1> Raymond ES .. Ni lliamson for dinner * FORT ~.10:JROE - EhROurE TO _ 0!1TREX - 5 LARCH 1950 - Genera and , rs . Clark regretted the luncheon invitation of i!la j Genera 1 and , :rs R. B Woodruff and the General depa.rted at 1235 hours, accompanied by It .. Colonel Charles S D 1 0rsa, Lt Colonel C., c. s-.,·ith, Colonel N A Costello, and 1:iaj General Joseph ? Sullivan, .for Langley Airforce Base to take off by plane at 1303 hours. rrr1e party arrived McDill Field in Florida at 2015 hours where they were processed for overseas flight, after which the party attended a buffet dinner given by Gew~raJE ~frs . Brit,gs (Base Commander of l'✓IcDill) . Arnong those present was Colonel Chnrles lindbergh The party retired early c 1 rACDILL, FLA . - CUBA - 6 M. .RCH 1950 - The General and party departed 0800 hours from 1'ilcDill and flew directly to Guantanamo Navy CJperating Base in Cuba, arriving 1210. Accompanied by General Sullivan and Colonel Smith, GenerAl Clark went fishing in the afternoon and caught a 14-pound Snook Later, the General and his group went to a reception given by the Base Commander Rear Awniral v"! K J.'hillips in honor of the Secretary of the Navy Francis P .-latthevrs Leaving tr1e reception about 1900 hours, General Clark's group dined at the BOQ. ON PORTREX - 7 1\i1ARCH 1950 - General Clark and party departed Guantanamo at 0747 hours and after a pleasant flight arrived Ramey Airforce Base, Puerto Rico, at 1227, local time ., (one hour lost in flight , • .=a,jor ·General Robert Lee met the General and took him and party to the Officers Club for lunch, after vvhich they inspected the various air force installations, 1~1ich included the joint operations center, radar stgtions, fighter squadrons, a battalion of the fi2nd Airborne Division preparing to load for the operation the following day The party left Ramey Base at 1515 hours and arrived Isla Grande Navy Air Station at San Juan at 1545 hours . fter a brief tour of San Juan, �including El \Iorro Castle, the party boarded the 'J3S Navy transport BUTrr_rm ., General Clark changed clothes and, accom_µanied b,:{ General Sullivan and Colonel Smith, was taken to the Governor 1 s 1)alace by Captain Deaver, aide to General :.Iorris., the head of the Caribbean Command At the Governor's Palace, General Clark and party we2'.'e met by the Lieutenant Governor and were shown about "l,he old Fortessa .. After a quick drink, the Jarty returned to the BUTNER which left San Juan at 1830 hours ON PORTREX - 8 ~,IARCH 1950 - The transport arrived at Vieques Island, Puerto Rico ~ All hands got up early and breakfasted at 0600 hours, departing from the ship by LCM landing craft at 0700, getting ashore at 0745 and going up to Observation Post 2 .. From OP 2, where all observers were assembled, they saw the air drop made by ·the ba ·ttalion of the 82nd Di vision The party then moved to OP 1 where the landings along the beaches were observed., beginning at 0915 hm1rs. About 1100 hours all observers went up to OP 3, ca led VIP Hill, where the umpire explained the progress of the exercise Shortly afternoon, all observers were served lunch after wh.i..ch General Clark and party made a tour in jeeps of the defenders r territory, including a visit t,o Brigadier General Seibert 1 s Cormnand Past e The party returned to the BUTNER about 1530 .. The ship pulled anchor to return to San '--Tuan about 1830 .. This day Bill Clark arrived Fort Monroe by rJATS plane to join his mother and Ann and fifrs D 'Orsa in preparation to their departing for Miami and thence to Nassau wnere they will meet the General tomorrow., * * NASSAU , BP.. HAMAS - 9 MARCH 1950 - The USS BUTNER docked at Sm Juan at 0730 hours Here Colonel Costello left the group from Fort . fonroe ., The General and party disembarked immediately and went to the nearby naval air station and took off at 0830 hours, flying directly to Nassau where they arrived at 1230 hours EST General Sullivan and Colonel Smith accompanied the General into the tmvn of Nassau for lunch, after which they took off in the C--47 to return to Fort 1,J.onroe General Clark awaited the arrival. of his family and ~vlrs c D 10rsa, along with Colonel D'Orsa, who also remained at Nassau for vacation e NASSAU, BAHAlvlAS - 10-20 1\iARCH 1950 - General Clark and family, and Colonel and Mrs .. D ' Orsa vacationed at i'-lassau as euests of the British Colonel Hotel, managed by Mr .. Kenneth A~nold, and owned by Lady iunice Oakes .. NP3SAU-FORT MONROE - 21 MARCH 1950 - ~fajor Jaccard, having flown to Nassau in the C-1:.7 to meet the General and Colonel D ' Orsa and Bill Clark (landing at Oakes Air Field)., arrived at 0830 hours and the group took off at 0850 :1ours, landing in Miami at 0902 .. They went ·through customs and took off at 0918 hours and arrived Langley Field at 1520, Fort 1,Ionroe at 1535 ., They were met at the airport by Generals Macon and Lawton ., Bill Clark flew on commercially at 1830 to report back at Viest Point .. FORT rWNHOB - 22 IvlARCH 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0830 hours and at 0900 hours saw the Chief of Staff .. He then called Cardinal Spellman in ~JYC regarding the testimonial dinner oeing proposed by !;lr Joseph Jordan relative to the reconstruction of the .Abbey 1fonte Cassino in Italy ., Shortly afterwards, the Jeneral called i.ir . Jordan and made a tenfative commitment for the dinner to be held the second or third week in lvlay . General Clark returned home at noon .. At 1300 the rest of the family arri veu from flichmond where they had arrived by train from Miami. General Clc1 rk returned to the office in the afternoon and saw �Colonel Gooili regarding post matters., He also saw Colonel Prather and Colonel Boylan. The General remained at home in the evening FORT MGUROE - 23 fiARCH 1950 - General Clar~c arrived at his office at 0830 hours., att,ended to various office matters, and at 0930 hours saw General Hodge to discuss command probleLs in connection with Operation S.WARi.AER e At 1000 hours he saw General Macon and General Lawton to discuss his F'ort Leavenworth presentation which General Clark will make ., fl. t 1130 hours, Lt Colonel lv~ary Brovm, on duty at this hendquarters for 15 days, made a courtesy call General Clark called General Ha islip in washington at noon .. He attended to routine matters during the rest of the day and remained at home in the eveni 1g .. FORT .,IONROE - 24 r, :qcH 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and iin:uediately saw General Lawton ., He then went over his talk for Fort Leavenworth with General 1,1acon ~ At 1000 hours, Ale .. rander De 1farennche, former aide to French General Juin, called and General Clark talked with him for about 35 minutes~ At 1100, General Clark made a television broadca.st for the final program of the ORC television training program, which he completed at 1145 .. At this time, Lt Colonel Surdyk, Captain Ortler, of the 151st Field Arti lery Battalion, 34th Infantry Division, called on the General, accompanied by Lt .. Colonel Raymand of this headquarters, relative to getting the unit citation for action of the 151st Fh Battalion at the beaches of Salerno . General Clark lunched at home and returned to his office 315 hours and at 1330 hours went to Bldg 133 where General Macon read his Leavenworth speech and Colonel Roy showed slides in conjunction with it. He returned to his office and worked on his book . He rer:1ained at home daring the evening .. -rFORT viOr ROE - 25 :,J.ARCH 1950 - General Cla.ch played golf at 0830 hours with Colonels D'Orsa, Eichorn and ililL He and the family 2ttended the buffet luncheon at the club at noon . At 1815 there was a surprise birthday party for .•,1rs . Sullivan, attended (dutch treat) by the Clarks, the Eichorns, the Smiths, the D'Orsas, the Jaccards and the rlowards . * FORT ~;.01 Rm: - 26 !·,~RCH 1950 - General worked this day on his book .. At 1730 hours he and ~.. rs. Clark 7rent to the quarters of Colonel and l,1rs . Howard for a party b.onoring Iajor Gerieral and liirs . J .. K.. Rice, Chief of CIC Inte1ligence Center, Camp Holabard, Jaryland Genera Rice was accompanied by his executive officer jvlajor Shelton ., After cocktails at quarters, the party went to the club for dinner FORT 1.JONROE - 27 1J1AHCH 1950 - General Clark cancelled his triJ to Fort Leavenworth due to s torrns moving across the nation. ".~a.j or General Robert Lee saw the General for about an hour, inc uding a 20-minute movie of the nevr C-12L~ transport In the afternoon, General Clark saw the C~1ief of Staff and Deputy Cornrnandin~ General regarding operational readiness of the Amy of the U.S.A. He then saw Colonel Prather concerning awarding French uni·ts the European Theater 1:edal, and decided he would try to obtain one for General Juin personally, but none for the units After work, he had drinks at his quarters for 1Jlajor General and 1Jrs ~ Rice and Major Shelton . He remained at home in the evening 1 1 * �FORT JIONROE - 28 1vl.ARCH 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office about 0800 fl~urs ., He saw General Halsey at 0830 hours regarding anti-tank weapons., Then he saw;d900 Colonel Howard, and at 0910 received a long-distance call from General Irvine at .Mitchel Air Force Jase At 1000 hours he talked with General Mason . Attended to rot;tine office matters in the afternoon and remained at home in the evening, working on his book ., * FORT AONROE - 29 MARCH 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0820 hours ., Joe rforris arrived at Fort Monroe this morning to confer with General Clark on the book At 0900 General Bradford saw the Gene~ regarding ORC matters ., He talked for a few minutes with Colonel Moran regarding his book .. At 0935 he saw General Goode regarding Post matters ., From 1000 to 1200 he discussed work on his book with Joe Morris ., In the afternoon he spent a few minutes vvith Colonel Prather on personnel problems and then conferred again with Joe Morris ., In the evening, he also worked on his book ~ FORT MONROE - 30 M..c\RCH 1950 - General Clark spent almost the entire morning working on his book vn. th Joe :v; orris ., He continued this work until about 1500 hours 1\ihen he saw General Beasley to discuss the Res earch and Development briefing e This day the Post Signal o:fice installed the television in his quarters In the evening, General and Mrs . Clark went to Colonel and ~':lrs . :,1; Carson 1 s for a formal dinner party e e * F'0RT ,,-10.NR0E - 31 MA.RCH 1950 - Bill Clark 1s birthday . General Clark arrived at the office about 0825 hours and a·ttended to routine office matters ., At 1045 he saw "General Blesse who is retiring from service, and gave him a farewell letter and bade . him goodbye ., Later he presented the Bronze Star to Sergeant Donald Geo Carmie:r of the Adjutant General 1 s section . At 1100 hours he met the newly-arrived officers assigned to this headquarters. At 1430 hours Mrs . Jewett Shouse came -to see the General regarding his appearing at Milwaukee in behalf of the General Clay Fund for German Children . General Clark remained at h ome in the evening . * FORT ~JIONiWE - 1 A1)RIL 19 50 This day Colonel and Mrs .. Frank H., Oxx arrived for duty . General CJ.ark lunched a.t the club at noon and remained at home during the evening .. * FORT _JONROE - 2 A? RI L 1950 - General Clark s pent the da y at home . * F'ORT ~JONlWE - 3 APRI L 1950 - General Clark went to Langley Air Force Base to ride in a jet plane with Major Hinton, who took him up in a T-33, a modified version of the F-80 . He also rode -with 111'.ia jor England in a P-51. General returned to Ii'ort l:lonroe at noon and worked on his book in the afternoon, excep t for a brief talk with Colonel Mccroskey, -who briefed him for his r:ieeting with General Jhiteheacl on April 6 .. Subject was anti-aircraft defense .. He remained at home in the evening ., FORT ~:iONROE-VfASHI NGTON, DC - 4 APRI L 1950 - General Clark left ·the post at 0830 hours by car for Washington to attend t he Research and Development briefing, accompanied by lfrs Clark ahd Colonel SmHh ~ They arrived Washington a bout noon and attended the briefing in ;,;I r . Alexander 1s offi~e at 1400 ho1½'s .. _] his m_, etigg con-tinued throughout the afternoon . General and ;,lrs. Clark stayed with virs . Clark or . * * �59 WASHDlGTON-~mw YORK - 5 .AfRIL1950 - General Clark attended the Research and Develop ment meeting at 0930 hours .. At 1600 he departed by train with lvlrs Clark for New York and upon arrival went directly to the .dotel A.star , where BHl Clark met them NEW YORK - 6 APRIL 1950 - General Clark left the ~4stor Hotel at 0900 for a conference ·wi:th General Whi. tehea d at Mitchel Field called for at 1015 . Af'ter the !ne eting, he returned the hotel about 1300 hours . At 1430 he saw Mr .. Sidney Weinberg of Goldman , Sachs and Company and at 1600 called at, Harper and Brothers to see iJ1r John Fischer regarding his forthco i ng book .. General Clark started to come down with a cold and retired early . NEN YOHK - 7 A?RIL 1950 - General Clark remained at the hotel all day cluEJ to his cold . ..1rs .. Clark went shopping, etc .. * NEW YORK - VvASHH;GTOr, - 8 APRIL 1950 - General and :.~rs . Clark left New York at 0930 hours by train and arrived ,fashingtm at 1315 where they met Sgt 5 Nilliams who drove them back to F'ort Monroe , arriving about 1730 hours .. * * FORT .,JIONHOE - 9 APRIL 1950 - Easter Sunrise services were held in front of General Clark's quPrters near the bandstand at 0700 hours, but because of his cold he remained at home and ifrs .. Clark attended .. 'l1he General remained at home all day working on his book, and in the evening he a nd Mrs ., Clark went to the club for the cocktail supper party given by the Edwin B .. Howards and Colonel and ;.vi.rs .. A S S ·tovall , arriving about 1900 hours . * FORT i1iONROE -- 10 A?Rl.L 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office about 0845 hours and worked on his book , after attending to routine of'fic :; matters . At 1300 hours he saw General rlalsey on training matters . At 1900 hours he and Mrs .. Clark attende d a buffet supper a t the quart ers of Colonel and Mrs ., A., M. Gurney, formal.. * * - CA 2vF LEE, VA • FORT MONROE/- 11 APRIL 1950 - General and hirs . Clark, accompanied by :~1a.Jor Jaccard, departed at 0830 hours by car for Camp Lee , Virginia to attend the graduation of the Jrd WAC officers class , and the first one since they have become part of the Regular Army ,. General Clark addressed this graduating class, and ·the party returned to lt'ort L:onroe about 1730 .. This day Gem~ral Clark had been invited to attend a ceremony and reception in Wash'ington honoring the retiring Secret,ary of the Army, Gordon Gray, but due to conflicting engagements was unable to attend .. General Clark remained at home in the evening . FORT 1~10NROE-WA~:>1IIImTG1:-J, DC 12 APRIL 1950 - General Clark , accompanied by Colonel P A .. Roy and Colonel Smith, left by plane for "//ashington at OSJO hours in order to make a presentation of Field Forces' responsibilities to newly- ar rived office r personnel in the Department of t.he 1!>.rmy in Washington The presentation was held at 1.400 hours and at 1/;,JO hours General and party departed via a special launch which �( took them to Bolling Air Field vihere he departed by plane at 1500 hours lfa tional ~.irport was closed due to the arrival of the ?resident of Chile . They landed at Langley .ti'ield at 1600 and fort ,Jtonroe 1615 .. General ilolfenbarge was present at Fort .vlonroe headquarters this day making a presentation for the forthcoming exercise S :VARJ. SR In the evening at 1800 hours General and virs Clark attended a cocktail supper given at the quarters of General and , irs .. R., .t> ., ~1illiams in honor of a visiting friend ., ,v1rs ., genry .folwell 13 APRIL 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and attended to routine ofl'ice matters . At 1015 hours .,:r Robert L Biggers., president of the Fargo LJivision of Chrysler Corporation, called on the General He then received in h-Ls offi e the .Sri tish iviili tary .Attache in -,:ashington , Colonel James C ;{indsor Lewis .. At ll00 hours General 6lark received General Edward A ., Lvans, ~xecutive Director, and Colonel John Colenan, Vice President of riny Affairs, Organized Reserve Organization ., At 1215 hours he lunched at the club with the above ntentioned visitors, 1vhich also wc1s a tt~nded by senior members of his staff In the evening, General and ~-1rs ., Clark attended an infor:-rral cocktail buffet given at the club by Colonel and ,1rs ., TI ., G Prather . The Clarks have a house guest , ,.~~rs ., Huth Smith f'rort ·Juncie , Indiana FORT ,ON1WE - FORT .ujH.OE - 14 APRIL 1950 - Gene ral Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hour.:i, attended to routine office ~:1atters, and at 0)30 hours met ,hr ., ·.-~bitman of the Bell Air Craft Company, wi10 called to pay his respects At 1130 hours , General Clark met .3rigadier General Charles R., Fox, .Adjutant General of West Virginia , who called. At 1730 General and ,;:rs CJ.ark received some callers , Colonel P. dlington and da ugh·ter , and Colonel and .Jlrs ., Philip ·, ehle, the latter who called to say goodbye as they are ordered for duty in Europe, also Colonel and .vlrs . Ii rank Carpenter, formerly of u-4 in San Francisco FORT .rnmo.G 15 APRIL 19 50 - Ge ~1.ernl Clark played golf this :nor nir1g and had lunch at the club At 1930, General a:-id .,~rs Clark attended a formal dinner given by Colonel and l 1lrs ., FL. Dela fri.oran , British Liaison 0f'i'icer . F0Rr.r ;,10NH0E - 16 APRIL 1950 - General and Mrs ., Clark a.Ltended the hunt breakfast at the club at 1130 hours , given by Colonel &. klrs ., D.. H.. Buchanan 'rhey remnined at home throughout the day and at 1715 hours had cocktails at home for Major General and J..irs 1 " J ::1ueller of Third Army and \Jeneral and i.J.rs .. ~ialsey ., :i-i'ORT ::_0NR0E - 17 APRIL J-9 50 - General Clark spent the dR.y at the office Wehle came in to say goodbye He remained at home in the evening ., Colonel FORT .,.L0.NtWE - 18 APRIL 1950 - Lt General Matthew Ridgway arrived fro:n hashington, accompanied by Lt Colonel Beishline , at 0830 hours General Iiidgway took a jet ride in t11e T- 33 after which he came to Fort ~.Ionroe where a Guard of Honor was held for him , followed by a briefing on ~xercise S VvA::11,IiR in the conference room e General Clark took General Ridgway to his quarter s for lunch Other officers present for the briefing were Bri~adier General Yount , from NY Port of .I:::rnba r kati on and l) �l terrporarily assigned as Commanding General of the Carolinas Base Section for S ,lAR.dl.ER, Colonel Meyer, IBAF, Colonel M.ilton, IBAF, commanders respectively of the Air Support Units and Air Transport Units for S7fARMER. These visiting officers were taken to the officers club for luncheon, accompanied by some members of the General 1s staff . At 1730 General and i.vlrs Clark went to quarters of Colonel and 1;lrs . D. J . Bailey for a surprise party given by .,1rs Bailey honoring Colonel Bailey's birthday . At 1830 the Clarks went to the quarters of Colonel and d rs ., J '" G. Cocke for an informal cocktail supper . * * FOR1, .110NROE - 19 APRIL 1950 - A briefing was held for ·1eneral Clark on the Arr:1y emergency operational plans, at 0930 hours . :re a·ttended to routine office matters durinE the day and remained at home in the evening FORT 1.JONROE-FORT BENNING , GA .. - 20 APRIL 19 50 - Accompanied by Ma~jor ,Jae card, General Clark departed by air for For·t Hennine; to be present at the infantry and airborne demonstrations for the .President of the United States . General Clark dined vvith General and ~1rs . Burress, cormnandant of the Infantry School at For·t Benning . He was ~f~B.~st of iJrs . Don Brann and her mother . * FORT .BEi'JNING, GA .-FORT 110NROE 21 .Ar' RIL 1950 - General Clark attended the Third Division review and display of equipment, as well as infantry, artillery and tank and air demonstrations . He returned to Fort 11onroe in the afternoon and remained at home in the evening . * * FORT . 10NROE - 22 APRIL 1950 - General Clark played golf in the morning and in the afternoon worked on his speech to be given itis evening at Cape tlenry . Accompanied by 1v1rs . Clark, General and _,_rs ., Sullivan and Colonel and :frs . Smith, General Clark left by ferry at 1800 hours and arrived at the Cavalier Hotel , Virginia Beach at 1900 to attend the Governor's Banquet and Ball in honor of the annual celebration of the landin~ at Cape Henry, given oy the order of Cape Henry 1607 ~ Mrs. Frantz Naylor> president of the order, was hostess .. The General gave a 12-minute speech and the entire party departed a bout 2130 hours to return to Fort i,I onroe . FORT NO~ROE - 23 APRIL 1950 - General Clarkworked on his book this day, and in the evening from 1800 to 2000 hours he attended a cocktail supper given by General and Mrs Zimuerman at their quarters .. * FORrr ;JIONROE - 24 APRIL 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at.tended to routine ol'fice matters . At 0930 he sa,,v Mr .. Piper and i.1Ir . Case of the Piper Aircraft Cor:1.pany , who presented him with a paintin~ of the General landing in Naples in a cub plane . Joe Morris arrived and saw General Clark at 1015 regarding fur·ther work on the book . At 0945 hours ~.iajor Roger LeGuay, French Assistant Military At tache , arrived from ~•Jashington with his wi.fe and called on the GeneraL The General remained at home in it.e evening, continuing work on his book * 1 * T✓Iajor :b 0H.T r11U~ ROE - 25 AP lU1 1950 - Due to inclemen-t weather , /General D. 1 . '.Veart , commandant 1 ~f the Engineer School at Fort Belvoir, a~d Colonel B~wman cf'~celled t}).eir trip to. Fort ;iionroe . General Clark s ent the entire day working or: m . s book with Joe Morris . �In the evening , from 1800 to 2000 hours General C ark and 1frs ., Clark attended a cocktail supper at the club :;liven by Captain ::leinken and Colonel Rehm and their ~Nives 7 * }'OR T MONROE - 26 A )RIL1950 - In the morning General Clark worked on his book and attended to routine office matters . At 1130 hours he saw Mr Boylan, father of Lt . Colonel Boyla , PIO, who is visiting here . That night trie Clarks dined at the club with t:ie S ullivans :F'ORT ~10NEOE-CAMP k,iACKALL, N C .. - 27 APRIL 1950 - General ClRrk departed by air for Camp Eackall , N.. C. to attend li:xercise SW.AR,~.ER .. He left Langley Field at 0830 hours and arrived Camp ::Tackall about 1100~ The afternoon was spent visiting various headquarters, includinp; the V Corps headquArters, a joint operati.onal c enter for SWARMER headquarters where the General received a briefing on the exercise . General Clark stayed 1.n one of the VIP log cabins at lVfackall CAivr? ¥tACKALL,iJC -~~=;;;@:};;rt@ls 28 APRIL 1950 - General Clark observed the air drop by the 11th Airborne Division in the morning and spent the rest of the morning visiting the division, regimental and battalion command posts. In the afternoon, after lunch, he o bserved airborne landings at !~lackall Air Force Rase, followed by further parachute drops by the 82nd Airborne Division out at the Holland Drop Zone ., He then visited division, regimental and battalion command posts of the 82nd Airborne Division . General Clark also visited Umpire Headquarters on return to his cabin in the late afternoon .. * CAMP 1Jl.ACKA.LL, N . C. -FO~'r ~.:GJn.OE - 29 APRIL 1950 - General Clark vrent back to the Holland Drop Zone this morning t,o observe the progress of the units in the attacks and also to observe airborne landing which had been i)ostponed to this later time General Clark departed from the Drop Zone about 1400 hours and went to the Knollwood Air Field via Pinehurst. His plane arrived Knollwood at 1520 hours and the General waited until 16.00 hours for General Zimmerman who was coming in from Fort 8ragg . 'fhe plane took off at 1605 and arrived Langley Field about 1730 hours after flying through and around some thunder storms. FOH.T ;;;_QNROE - 30 APRIL 1950 - General Clark worked all day on his book . * 1 FORT :.m:NROE - 1 MAY 1950 - General Clark s birthday . The General was serenaded in front of his quarters by the Post Band ~ He arrived a.t his office 0830 hours and the Chiefs of Sections came into the office to wish him Happy birthday . :.fr and :11rs . Robert K.. Chris t;en oerry flew down from New York and arrived IJorfolk at 1040 hours to attend the birthday celebrations~ General Clark received several telephone calls in the morning wishing hL happy returns of the day, including .t'~a te Cummings.. The General did not return to the office in t,he a i'ternoon In the evening a surprise cocktail party was given at the quarters of General and .;1rs Sullivan and attended by close associates wno were with him at Sixth Army and at 1900 the group went to the Beach Club where a large dutch-treat dinner was given by the General officers and Chief of sections This also was the occasion of the opening of the Beach Club . Each organization on the post had prepared a birtho.ay cake for the General, and these 1J1rere presented to him at the party, adding to the attractiveness of the occasion * �FORT ;jONR.OE - 2 MAY 1950 - General Wear·t and Colonel Bowman drove i.n from Fort Belvoir arriving about 1000 hours and called on fileneral ClarL General Clark had General iNeart at his quarters for lunch and ~~lajor Jaccard took Colonel Bmv:man to the Club . They departed early in the afternoon , and ueneral Clark continued work on his book. At 1800 hours General and lv.:.rs Clark attenued the informal cocktail party at the B.,ach Club given by Colonel and d rs 'L H., Allen . * * FORT aUNR0E - 3 ',1AY 1950 - General Clark attended to rou·tine office matters, and also received Army, who was from New York General Clark 1/Iajor General Hoy H. i>arker , Chief of Chapla.ins in the Department of the 1 accompanied by Lt ., Colonel (Chaplain) Compton A telephone call came from a 1vir., Adrian, who wished ·to call personally on the General tomorrow . remained at home i.n the evening e FORT :iI0NR0E - 4 ViA Y 19 50 - General Clark arrived at, his office at 0815 hours and at- tended to routine office matters .. At 0930 :11r .. Adrian came in to the office ., He represents himself as a mem~er of the Disabled American Veterans and saw '"'eneral CJ.ark with respect to authority to sell plaques on certain Army reservations for benefit of the DAV ., At 1910, General Clark departed by Navy boat from the ferry pier to attend a stag dinner given by Admiral Fechteler in honor of Admiral ferreri of the Italian Navy ., He returned to his quarters later in the evening . 5 l'iiAY 1950 - General Clark cancelled a trip planned to Aberdeen Proving Ground, :vlaryland on invitation of General Ford to witness various armor-defeating weapons , etc, due to inclement weath er .. He worked on his book all day and remained at home in the evening ., FORT ).0NROE - FORT AONROE - 6 MAY 1950 - General Clark played golf this day ., Mrs .. Clark went to the Sullivans .. At 1730 hours he and FORT i1i10HROE 7 W. Y ~950 - It rained this day . In the evening General and ./Irs ., Clark went to the quarters of Colonel and lvlrs .. F W. S lacten for an informal cocktail supper e * FORT MONROE - 8 !!JAY 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours and at 0815 made a recording for the Voice of rnerica broadcast to Poles reference the Polish fight,ing units taking Cassino in World War II Later the Cruise Committee - Messrs ., ~ r and :i ycock from the l orfolk Sportsman Club - called on the General to extend an invitation for the General to take a C2ribbean cruise January 6-16, 1950 on the new liner 1,JIEUH Aiv.S TERD.A M. The General attended to routine o f fice mat-ters the rest of the day and spent the evening at home . * * ABERDEEN PROVING GROUl-JD, i.ifAHYLAND - 9 I\fiA Y 1950 - General Clark, accompanied by General Halsey and Colonel Smith, departed by air -at 0645 hour~ and arrived Aberdeen Proving Ground at 0800 hours where they wer e met by Major General Edward E . ~✓iacMoreland, commandant of the Ordnance Center The party was taken out to the testing grounds to observe performance of newly-developed motor vehicles, and later in the morning the,ir inspected ANZIO ANNI E, one of the two 280mm guns brought back .from Anzio " After a unch �at the officers club, they were taken to the artillery testing ground where the group observed firing on heavy armored plate by armor-defeating weapons and a m·1unition under development ., This was followed by a brief demonstration of ·the new 75mm Skysweeper anti-aircraft automatic cannon, after which the General departed from Aberdeen for Fort v1onroe at 1600 hours, arriving 1720 h ours., * FORT ',10NROE - 10 WiAY 1950 - General Clark attended to routine office matters in the morning ., In the afternoon he played golf and shot a '88 . In t,he evening General and hJlrs Clark were hosts to a formal dinner at the Beach Club honoring Admiral and ,11rs., Fechteler . Top Navy commanders from the Norfolk area were in attendance . * FORT :.,CNROE - 11 ~JIAY 1950 - General Clark attended to ro utine office ma tters in the morning .. :.Ia jor and 1frs. Rafferty fro!TI Indiana arrived and called on the General about 0930 hours ~. The General then left the office about 1100 to show il2jor Hafferty about the post and returned about 1425 .. He dictated for a while and then left for his quarters . In the evening, accompanied by the R2ffertys , General and ..1rs. Clark attended the cocktail supper given by !.'iaj or William 1•/ 1ilroy honoring Colonel Wrinch, Chief of Staff of the Canadian staff in , fashineton , and Lt. Colonel Ross, G-1 on the Canadian staff . FOHT .mNROE- WASHHJGTrn~ - 12 MAY 1950 - Geueral Clark departed by car at 0800 hours for ashington to attend a meeting of the Chief of 3 ·ta.ff on air support requirements of the Army from the Air Force . The preliminary meeting was held at 1300 hours with the Chief of Staff prior to the formal meeting at 1330 hours attended by General J Lawton Collins, 1· · General .:.ifatthew Ridgway and Air Force General Hoyt S .. Vandenberg . Genera..l. vlark was accompanied by Colonel Costello and Lt . Colonel Jensen on this trip . They returned by car, departing ·1iashington at 1445 hours arriving at 1840 hours .. Colonels Ovven and Roy also rode back ., The General remained at home this evening . I FORT 1~· 0NROE - 13 1/IAY 1950 - General Clark played golf in the local tournament with General Zimmerman and Colonels Fingarson and Crosby completing the foursome General and 1,irs .. Clark went fishing in the afternoon, but caught no fish G In the evening they went to General Beasley 's quarters for an informal dinner FORT MOIJHOE - 14 1,;T,AY 1950 - General Clark played gal f in the morning and in the afternoon worked on his book . In the evening he and Mrs ~ Clark went to Colonel and -'Jirs. Hammond 's quarters for dinner. FOHT d0tIR0~ - 15 NJA'i. 1 50 - General Clark attended to routine office matters throughout the day and remained at home in the evening * WAS HING TON, DC 16 I/JAY 1950 - General Clark left by pJ.ane for ~Jashington to attend the Research and Development briefing, leaving Fort Monroe at 1000 hours After the briefine the General made a f'ew telephone calls and "then went to his mother 1 s home where he spent the evenine and night $ FORT L,10NROE/ - -x- * �WASHINGTON , DC - FORT MONROE - 17 l'.A.Y 19 50 - General Clark attended the R&D meeting at 0930 hours which lasted until noon . He irrunediately left the Pentagon, arriving an hour later at Rangley Field That evening there vvas a dutch treat party held at Colonel and ~frs . Goode ' s honoring the Clarks' 26th wedding anniversary ., FORT ,v10NROE-CHICAGO - 18 IJIP.Y 1950 - Accompanied by Lt . Colonel Kenneth Lay and :.Irs . Clark , General Clark departed Langley Field by plane at 1220 hours ., Tne plane was forced down by engine trouble (left engine) at Elkin , ·,;est Virginia There being no means of transportation out of Elkin , General CJa rk called Gener al Kuter in ..'ashington ask i ng for a special plA.ne to fly to Chicago ., In the meantime , the Clark group went to the local Elks Club , accompanied by the Sheriff of Elkin County, where he was interviewed by t}ie local papers . Special air mission plane from Bolling Fiel , piloted by Lts . D E. Sawyer and D C Ha1i1pton, arrived Elkin and the party reemplaned at 1725 hours, arriving the Drake riotel in Chicago at 2100 hours They had supper in their room i.vi. th Mr . and N,rs . Nathan Cummings . CHI CAGO- MILv~UKEE, \HSC ~ - 19 MAY 1950 - General and r,, s . Clark left Chicago a t 1055 hours (IBT) arriving l'llilwaukee at 1028 hours (ST) .. The Ge11eral was met by a guard of honor from the Milwaukee Disciplinary Barracks , commanded by Lt . Cook, and various .American Legion and CARE officials .. With a motor cycle escor·t the p2rty went to the City Hall (where there was visible a neon sign HELCO~.IE @RK CIARK) ·where the General saw the Mayor following vrhich the group went ·to the Hotel Schroeder., drs .. Clark was taken to lunch by the daut,hter of General Billy Mitchell. General Clark vms driven to the 1\/lilwaukee Club where he spoke at a luncheon given by Allis-Chalmers C~npany for all civic and industrial leaders in the city of ~,lilw!Blukee ., P. fter lunch, General Clark went to the . r~ned Forces Unification Day held at Schlitz Jrewery where he gave a short address o From there he went to the hotel to work on a speech for that evening At· 1600 hours he went t.o the local Coluobia Broadcasting Company station and transcribed his speech to be broadcast over the national hookup of NBC at 2100 hours General Clark returned to the hotel and picked up 1v1rs .. Clark and went to Schlitz Brmm Bottle for a roast duck dinner given by the president of Schlitz Brewery, Ur .. Robert A . Uihlein. Follovring the 0inner at 2100 hours, General Clark went to the ci vie auditorium where he addressed about-, 3100 people on the subject of Cft~ and German Youth . i,Irs . Clark was awarded the Gold Star dother 's pin and she made brief remarks. General Clr1rk vva.s invited to the fuasonic reunion, but declined the invitation .. LII1'.,AUK3E-•.iADISON, r!ISC . - 20 "',..IAY 1950 - General Clark took off fro:n dil·.vaukee at 1015 hours , arriving .Iadison at 1100 A motorcycle escort took him to the reviewing stand and there he was met by :· ajor General Ralph Iramell, CG of the 104th Airborne Group , ORC . General Clark revie 1.ved the Armed Forces Day parade . idrs .. Clark was taken to lunch by 1,1rs . Ralph Imoell and General Clark went to the .ladison Club for lunch, given by GenerPl Immell Present were the Governor of Wisconsin and the state political figures General Clark nv- de some oL'- ~he-cuff remarks . Pfter lunch, General Clark inspected the U.S . Armed 1'orce Institute and made some short remarks to the 400 employees. assembled . He returned to his hotel to make a recording for Rice lake Wisconsin Junior Chamber of Commerce . However, the recordine people failed to show up so no recording was made t 1630 hours the General went to the Aad::.son Club for a cocktail party given by the ~asconsin State Reserve Officers AssociA-tion . Some 600 guests were invited .. At 1930 General Clark at tended the formal banquet of the Reserve Officers Association where he was the 1 �principal speaker , The Governor of Wisconsin mA.de a short address also . General Clark was presented with a bill fold by the h.iadison Chapter of the ROA . Following the banquet, General Clark made a recording for the Rice lake Juni or Chamber of Commerce at which time he was given a case of beer, a ten-pound Wisconsin cheese and was 6 iven the keys to the city of Rice Lake He was also given twenty-five pounds of 1:~isconsin cheese by the 'Kisconsin 0.l\ After the recording was made ue ·1eral and ,,1rs . Clark, lviajor Jaccard and General Immell went to the Hoffman House , which is a local cafe and night club in .,.adison , vvhich is noted for its ten brothers all of whom were in the armed services during 1.'Jorld -·,Jar II and whose portraits are placed aoove the bar. One of t~1e brothers, Jack doffman is General I:nmell 's aide P, t 1145 hours, General Clark returned to the Edgewater HoteL .L 1~1ADISON-DULUrH, .,IINN . - 21 MAY 1950 -At 0900 hours, :virs . Immell drove ~,trs. Cark to the train for her trip to Chicago . General Clr-irk, accompanied by General Immell and ,r .. Gordon Adams, president of the \;is cons in Life Insurance Cor:i.pany, were 'piloted by Captain ~dcLeod in t h e Gen~ral 1 s plane from ~viadison to the Duluth area, ar:r'iving at 1000 hours . General Clark inspected from the air the ore docks and industria_ installations around Duluth and Superior .. General Clark on land-'Lng was met by r . Swede Larsen, Chief Gar:s e J!=!rden for northern -:i-isconsin, and ,tes Newcombe, Jr.:::ie ,-:c=trden for the Brule River region ~ The party vvas driven to the sw mer estate of 1,.. r. Jack urdway, president of ~iw1esota ,~ ining and ifg . Company and vice president of Crane and Company in St. i--aul, Iinneuota. There he was met by .,r .. Ord¥ray and a party ol' five ga.Je wardens.. The General immediately changed clothes and guided by Harold Swanson, sup3rintendent of the Cedar Island Estate, paddled up the Brule J.i ver to a S_i:Jot on c1r small lake where an outdoor lunch was served, cooked by the Indian buide ., 8-eneral Clark fished in the afternoon wi-th no success ., On arrival at Cedar Island, he was interviewed by the Superior, Wisconsin nevtspaper 1 4 .. B:WLE RIVER - 22 11·iAY 1950 - General Clark arose at 0700 hours and immediately started fishing, catching four trout by noon . The afternoon fish ing was unsuccessful Lut about dusk the J-eneral caught about nine or t;en more fish - German brown, brook and rainbow trout .. At 2200 hours General Clark and ca.jar Jaccard again went fishing until about midnight BRUL" a.IVER - 23 ~,IAY 1950 - Generc:il Clark did a small amount of casting fro l'Yl the front of the lodze and then the 1.>a ty left at 0900 hours, driven by the game wardens, to Bayfield, 'Jisconsin, where they boarded the lau '1ch DIANE to go to the Apostle Islands to fish for l ake trout ., Lunc~1 i-ras served on board the Dil'l\J3 . :~ o succes s was had at fishing, althour-i;h t h e General was presented vrith a 10 1/2pound lake trout. i-irs .. Clark was conbacted in Chicago that evening by telephone 1 BRULE RIVEH-FOrtT ,.OlGOL - 24 ~;.llY 19 50 - At 0800 hours General Irnr.1ell and I:lr ,dams remained at .Bayfield to do more fishing and General Clark and I'M. jor c.faccard drove to Duluth where they met the General's 1: lane and took off in a rainstorm for :hicago . There they we~c met by ..~ajor General Coulter c=ind .. rs. Clnrk. They left im□ ediately frorr the O 'Ilare In:.2rnational l'drport for Langley Field arriving Fort ifonroe at l,G0 :nours, bringing back 25 pounds of fish. The General remained at hone that evening �FURT MONltOE - 25 i/fAY 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0800 hours and attended to routine office m?.tters, conferred vri th staff o ficers , etc In the morning Colonel George Hart, Reserve Officer fr01:1 San Francisco, paid his respects ,, In the afternoon the General played eolf with Colonels Carson, Hill and Eichorn He remained at home in the evening . FORT _,IOi'JROE - 26 JJY 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours . At 1000 he had a conference with General Bradford. He continued to take care of office matters in the afternoon and in the evening remained at home . FORT 1'.~0N HOE book .. - 27 lvU Y 1950 1~- FORT book 10N.-WE - 28 l~IAY - General Clark s 1)ent the day at home working on his . ~r. * ➔i" 1950 - General Clark spent the day at home working on his ➔~ ~~ ➔~ if- ll'ORT .v ONROE-.ASdEVILLE, NC 29 MAY 19 0 - ueneral Clark and ,ia~or Jaccard lef t by plane from Langley Air Field at 0900 hours and arrived Asheville at 1100 . They- were met by Edmund F Ball and ~fr L'rank Coxe of the Asheville School.. They drove to the city, escorted by state police and General C:lr1rk 1s car enroute was involved in an accident vfi·th a horse, but proceeded in the same car .. Lunch was had at the Biltnore Country Club . In the afternoon the General played golf with James A Rickert, Dr . Arthur P. mbler, Edmund F . Ball and Maj or Jaccard ., General Clark I s caddy was dilliam -.,hi te, a former soldi~r from the 5th Arr1y in Italy ft fter the golf p;arne, General Clcirk went to his hotel where he changed clothes and was driven by :v1r . Ball to the headmaster's house at the Asheville School., located on the outskirts of the city where a cocktail party was given . Following this party, General Clark attended the 50th anniversary celebrati.on of the school. He .vms the principal speaker Following the celebration the group returned to tne residence of the headmaster for drinks until about midnight . ASHEVILLE, NC-FORT ~:lOJ:-Jn.OE - 30 I.JAY 1950 - At 0900 hours General Clark met Judge Gray, who is administrator for the Vanderbilt family of the Biltmore Estates . General Clark was taken fishing by ,Judge Gray's son on a private pond in the Biltmore Estates He caught 17 Dass and crappies . At 1130 hours the group left the Biltmore Estates and went to the airport , arriving about 1300 hours and flew to Lan ley Field, arriving at 1430 hours .. General and .frs . Clark cancelled their invitation to the Boylan cocktail party . 0 * FORT MONROE - 31 Nl.AY 1950 - General Clark arrived a.t the office at 0810 hours and after attending to routine correspondence and conferring with various staff oi'fi ers., he saw General Lee from Langley Air Field at 1000 hours, who, with Colonel Gates, showed the General a model of a Hpod" on a troop carrier plane , t 1030 hours he saw l,~r. Nash of the Associated .1:)ress from Richmond Times Dispatch, who spent about 45 rninutes talking with the General to work up an article for the Sunday edition . The G~anal continued on business natters throughout the afternoon and at 1730 hours received Colonel ?orter at his home, who made a PC call. t 1800 hours he and .1:1rs .. Clark entertained Lt . Colonel and _frs . Eichorn and Mr . and •. rs Halor parents of ~rs . Eichorn, at dinner . �I I ) FORT IONHOE - 1 JUNE 19 50 - General Clark arrived at his office At 0800 hours and at 0930 there was a Guard of Honor for ,_a.~or General S ,, N. Shoosmith.,. IBO, OBE, Deputy Commander of the British Joint Services ~,.1 ission · n Washington . That evening General and \1rs . Clark went to the quarters of Colonel and :,~rs " R .. Dela Moran (British Liaison) for cocktail supper in honor of General Shoosmith . FORT ;.iOI-ROE - 2 JUdE 1950 - :~ass Canfield and 1·h arguerite Hoyle .~unson of .darper and Brothers in New York , arrived this morning by boat from Cape Charles.. Joe Alex ,,viorris arrived last night ,p The General took a day of leave and spent it working with the Harper people and Joe iiiiorris on his book They lunched at the General 1s quarters and worked all afternoon . At 1800 hou s Gen?ral and .,1rs . Clark took the book people to the Jensens ' cocktail party after which the General had a small dinner party for t~em a ti the Officers Club .. Lfr. C:rnfield had to leave on the evening boat for New York . 'l'ne others remained over . FORT ,IONROE - J JUNE 1950 - General Clark spent all day i.tith Joe ~·J orris and 1virs ., ,v~unson at his quarters, working on his book . In the evening the General tool,: his book people to the Sit>arfoos-Johnson cocktail supper at the Beach Club . FORT _,lONR.OE - 4 JUNE 1950 - General Clark rad Joe Morris and t,lrs. ,.unson for breakfast and they· left immediately afterwards to drive back to New York. rrhe General played golf in t he afternoon and in the evening the Clarks attended the De'\fi tt picnic supper at the Club ., Previous to their goin6 to the picnic supper, they attended a cocktail party given by Colonel·and Lrs. Disney * FORT .iOI'JJ.OE - 5 JU:~:E; 1950 - General Clark worked at the office all day. He had been invited to go fishing with Admiral J. V1ri ~ht, but declined . tie also declined the .?hilco dis p lay at t he Cha1.:1berlin Hotel, and his place was tak_e n by the Chief of Jtaff ~ General Clark worked in prGparation for Fort Bragg 1~ormandy Day . FOR1' .WTJROE- F'ORT BRAGG , NC - 6 JUTTE 1950 - General Clark and .!iaj or J,. ccard left Iangley Field at Q<-JOO hours and arrived Fort °9 "'agg at 1045 hours where he was met by ..iajor General Pah1er, Lt General l!odge , Lt e r1eneral Ridgway and a Guard of Honor of Company C, 1st B:Jttalion, 82nd Airborne Division He went to the reviewing field at 1115 hours where the 82nd Division had a forn1al review .. General Clark pinned the Distinguished Flying Cross on an ex-Air Force Lieutenant and gave a ~laster :>arachuter 's ;3adge to a former Commanding Offi c er of t,he 1st .uattalion of the 504th Parachute Infantry RcE;iment . He lunched vvith Generals Ridgway, Gillem, Hodge, Palmer and .tVliley .. After luncheon, at 1330 hours, the 8Jnd Di vision dedicated six mura ls General Clark dedicated the one entitled VICTORY by Corporal L. Turndick . General Clark gave an address e Followine the dedication ceremonies General Clark, accompanied by General Hideway, flew to ·,f as h ington to attend the Army Commanders Conference ~ Ile s~a:red -:-rith his .ot her ~ "" .i1L~SHDJGTON, JC - 7 JUNE 19 50 - '.leneral Clnrk had breakfast with Hobe rt Wood at the Carleton Hotel, following whi ·h he · went t o the e e ct,agon a-t 0900 hours for the Army Commanders conference He lunched v1ith the Chief of Staff and General Ridgway, returned to the conference, and at 1430 hours went to his mother's riome. de was �disturbed by t~e Associated -)ress asking him if it were true 11e "',vas running for the Senate for the Second District in V!ashingt,on State, to which he replied he -vras not . At 1730 rrnurs he went to ., eneral Collins ' quarters for a reception honoring 1fr .. .?ace, Secretary of the rmy. At 1830 hours, his 1,10-ther arrived at the reception .. General Clark and his mother remained with a select :;roup of 20 people for d i nner with t r e Collins Eis . iRFE ,i.ASHI ·J• .r U T, DC-NE'.' YORK - 8 19 50 - General Clark went to Seneral Ridgway I s 1 office i nstead of attendi ng/ -Jrrmy Conmanders conference . He arri v::d at the conf e rence at lOJO . The final chapsers for General ClRrk 's book ·were approved for securitye The General lunched with Generals J.iidgway and Haislip in General Haislip ' s office and then took off from the ,:RshLngton l~ational Airport for i Jew York City at lL~OO hours, arriving !~e"'.:''D.rk Ariport at 1600, the Astor Hotel at 1700 hours . On arrival at the hotel , the General changed clothes 2nd -.ras called on oy :.1ajor General Harry Collins and ,,:rs . Collins ., They then went to the fl stor Roof for dinner 1-vi th 1.~r .. Robert Christenberry. 1 1 1 NEH YORK-FORT ::IONROb - 9 JUlJ1 19 50 - Jenera Clark left the .As·tor :Iotel at 0800 hours ·for a 0900 appointment with General Eis·enhower .. de 12ft General tisenhower 's of £'ice at 1130 hours and went, to Bill Robinson's office at the New York Herald Tribune . General Clark was experiencing difficulty with his ear and left 1vir . Robinson 1s office to return to the Astor Hotel where he was treated by a doctor from Headquarters First Arrny Dispensary .. General Clark then -v-ent to Harper and Brothers vvhere he conferred with Cass Canfield and frs . Munson and the head of the Production Depart:nent .. From Harper and Brothers he went to the Newark Airport and took off for Fort .1~onroe at 1600 :1ours , arriving Langley at 1830 e In the evening he and x,rs . Clark attended the Bradford-02.rkalow cocktail supper ( 1ajor 3tack was eye,ear,nose doctor attending Generril Clark) * * * * FORT MONROE - 10 JUNE 1950 - General Clark played golf in the morning and at noon lunched at the Beach Club. He remained at home in the afternoon and evening to work on his book. * * * * FORT MONROE - 11 JUNE 1950 - General and Mrs. Clark attended a Hillbilly Party at the club at 1130 to 1400 hours, gi,:1en by Colonel and Mrs. Howard. The General returned to quarters and worked on his book the rest of the day. * * FORT MONROE - 12 JUNE 1950 - Ji(ajor General Clift Andrus of Fort Meade, Maryland, arrived early in the morning and saw the General in his office. Brigadier General Lester D. Flory, retired, saw the Chief of Staff for some time regarding having Dr. Johnson from the Office of Research Operations come to Fort Monroe to addreasthis headquarters. Mr. E. P. Genock, News Editor of Paramount News, saw the General briefly in the morning prior to shooting a staff conference of the 5th Army officers, which was done at 1330 hours near the Officers Beach Club. This was to be p1aced in the showing of the Forgotten War. General Clark returned to the office in the afternoon and in the evening he and Mrs. Clark entertained General Sir Neil Ritchie, Chief of the British Joint Services Mission in Washington, on the lawn of their quarters. * * FORT MONROE - 13 JUNE 1950 - A guard of honor was held for General Sir Ritchie at 0900 hours. The General entertained him at lunch at the Beach Club which was attended by a small group of Fort Monroe staff officers and the British liaison officer, Colonel Moran, and the Canadian liaison officer, Major Milroy. In the afternoon t.he �General played golf with Colonels Green, Eichorn and Costello . hone in the evening. ( * * * * * * He remained at FORT MONROE- FORT KNOX, KY . - 14 JUNE 1950 - General Clark, accompanied by Lt . Colonel c. C. Smith and Lt . Colonel H. D. Edson of G-3, departed for Fort Knox in the morning, ar riving God.man Air Force Base, and receiving a guard of honor at 1130 hours in front of the Post Headquarters. Luncheon was served at the Officers Club, f ollowing ·which the General was oriented by the Assistant Commandant, Brigadier General T. L. Harrold, and then toured the Weapons Department, followed by t he Command and Staff Department and finally the Communications Department . After a tour of the post a Division review was held in t he General's honor at 1500 hours . About 15,000 men of the RCT passed in review. Following that, General Clark attended a demonstration by the Army Field Force Boar d No. 2e This termi nated about 1630 hours after which the General returned to General Livesay 's quart,Eirs , where he was staying, and then attended a dinner at the officers Club attended by senior officers and heads of the faculty on the post . FORT KNOX, KY . -FORT MONROE - 15 JUNE 1950 - General Clark worked on his speedl until time for the graduation ceremony held at 1030 hours at the post theat er. Immediat ely following the graduation exercises , which lasted ,about one hour, the General went to his plane and departed for Fort Monroe. He had lunch on the plane. He arrived Fort Monroe about 1545 hours, and remained at home in the evening. * FORT MONROE - 16 JUNE 1950 - Lt. General Richar d N. Gale, KBE,CB,IBO,MC,Director of General Military Training in the War Office of London, arrived on the post a nd a guard of honor was held for him. Lunch was held for the visiting General at the Beach Club, attended by General Clark, General Macon, General Lawton and other staff officers. Returning to the office, General Clark had a short conference with General Beasley, followed by General Halsey, after which General Clark called Ad'Iliral Hall at the Armed Force Staff College and then called Congressman Jackson. In the afternoon, General Clark called General Wilson at Indiantown Gap regarding his proposed visit there on the 19th. In the evening, General and Mrs. Clark held a a dinner party in honor of General Gale - cocktails in their garden and dinner at the Beach Club. This day Colonel C. C. Smith had been sent up to New York to confer with the Photographic Signal Lab and also to talk with Mrs. Munson at Harper and Brothers. He left Governors Island at 1845 hours via Bolling Field and arrived Fort Monroe at 2245. FORT MONROE-RICHMOND, VA - 17 JUNE 1950 - General Clark worked on his book in the morning and in the afternoon he and Mrs. Clark drove to Richmond to attend the wedding of Anne Freeman and Julius Ochs Adler, Jr. at St . Stephen ws Church. ijeception fol- lowed at Westbourne Hampton Gardens • FOR'r MONROE - 18 JUNE - General Clark worked on his book a.nd prepared to leave on his West Coast trip. In the evening, Mrs. Clark senior had a small dinner party at the Beach Club, including Colonel and Mrs . Hovrard, General and Mrs Sullivan, Colonel and Mrs ., Smith., and Major and Mrs. Ja.ccard. * FORT MONROE ENROUTE WEST - 19 JUNE 1950 - Weather being unfavorable for flying, General Clark, accompanied by Lt Colonel Smith, departed by: car for. Ricl1mond at · 1500 hours., and qy train from R:!-chmond at 1730 hours - the George was1h.ngt,on. First stop was to be Indianapolis. * * * * �'1 l INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA-FORT LEAVENWORTH, KArEAS - 20 JUNE 1950 - General Cla.rk left the train at 1145 hours (CDT) and was met by Colonel Bullard, senior National Guard instructor of Indianapolis, and Mr. Irving Lema.we, senior. After a short wait, the General's plane arrived with Generals Sullivan and Halsey,Colonel Howard, and Lt. Colonel D'Orsa, and picking up the General departed Indianapolis at 1323 hours CST for Leavenworth. The plane arrived Sherman Air Force Base at 1530, where the party was met by Generals Eddy and Joseph Swing and several other officers. A guard of honor 'WaS held on the field after which the General went immediately to General Eddy's quarters. Shortly thereafter he and General Eddy played golf with two others. In the evening a cocktail party was held _at General Eddy's quarters. Guests included the bulk of the faculty at Leavenworth. A large dinner was then held at the Officers Club. * * FORT LEAVENWORTH-FORT SILL, OKLA - 21 JUNE 1950 - General Clark spent the early part of the morning in preparation of his speech to be given to the classes at 1000 hours. Following his talk, which was classified, the General was taken to the Administration Building where he was briefed on the proposed course for the new Army War College. In addition, he als·o was briefed on the current curricula !or the Command and General Staff College. The General and party then went to Sherman Field and departed for Fort Sill at 1345 hours (CST) They arrived at 1555 hours and were met by General Harper and a guard of honor on the air field. General Clark and party were taken to quarters which had been set aside; General Clark, General Sullivan, General Halsey and Lt Colonel Smith were put together in one set, where a small mess had been established. At 1730 hours, Ge neral Clark's party drove into Lawton for cocktails at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Black (parents of Major John w. Oswalt 's wife). They drove back about 1830 hon.rs for a lawn party given in the rear of General Harper's quarters. - The party included about 30 senior officers of staff and faculty. * * * FORT SILL, OKI.l - 22 JUNE 1950 - General Clark and party were taken on a tour of the post and of the school, which included a demonstration of mortar fire on the artillery range. A small luncheon was held at the Officers Club, including only General officers. In the afternoon, General Clark played golf with General Harper, General Sullivan and General Halsey. In the evening, a reception and dinner party was given in honor of General Clark at the officers club. * * FORT SILL-LONG BEACH, CALIF - 23 JUNE 1950 - Generel Clark spent the early morning preparing his speech which he gave to · the graduating classes at 0900 hours at the post theater. Immediately thereafter, General Clark and party left the post and flew to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where they stopped at 1423 (CST) for gas and proceeded on after 30 minutes. 'l'he plane arrived Long Beach Municipal Airport at 1815 hours PDT and was met by Colonel Ryder, Deputy to the Military District Commander of Southern California District. General LeRoy Watson was absent on leave in Hawaii. With the exception of General Halsey, the party proceeded to Palos Verdes Estates where General Clark stayed with Jack Beardwood and the remainder of the party stayed in the guest house · of Mr. Vanderlip. That evening a cocktail party was held at Mr. Beardwood 1s home as well as a small dinner par ty for the visitors. * * * PALCS VERDES-FORT MACARTHUR, CALIFOIUUA - 24 JUNE 1950 - After breakfast at Jack Beardwood's, General Clark and party went to Eort Mac.Arthur where a guard of honor was held upon arrival. They spent the morni ng inspecting the post and had lunch at the Officers Club. The party then toured the weekend training camp on the upper post of Fort MacArthur. Units in training at the time included portions of t he 13th A:rmoredDivis,ion under Brigadier General J. T. Roberts, and the 409th Engineers �Special Brigade under Brigadier General H.K.Kellogg. The General left ahead of the rest of the party to return to Palos Verdes, while the remainder of the group made more detailed inspections of the training camps. The General na de a tour of the grounds of Palos Verdes for the purpose of learning details regarding the project in anticipation of possible purchase of land there for erection of a home. Follovdng a cocktail party at Jack Beardwood's, General Clark and his group, and a group from the Palos Verdes Corporation and their friends went to the Portuguese Club for dinner. * * PALC6 VERDES - 25 JUNE 1950 - General Clark had breakfast with Jack Beardwood. The General played golf on the Palos Verdes Golf Course with Jack Beardwood, General Sullivan and Lt. Colonel DfiOrsa. On their return, the group went to the Portuguese Club for a swim and a light lunch. In the evening, General Clark and party were guests of the Vanderlips for cocktails and dinner * * * 1 LONG BEACH, C!L.-MONTEREY, CAL.- 26 JUNE 1950 - General Clark and party breakfasted at the Beardwoodhome and then departed from the Long Beach Municipal Airport at 0850 hours (PDT), arriving San Luis Obispo Municipal Airport at 1000. He was met by Major General C. D.. 0 1Sullivan, the Adjutant General of California, and taken by car through San Luis Obispo to Camp San Luis Obispo where a tour of the camp was made, which included a visit to the post theater where General Clark briefly addressed the 159th Infantry Division. Follovling this, General Clark had a short conference with General O'Sullivan in his office and the entire party returned to the airport, where after a short delay clue to trouble with ignition points, the plane took off at 1240 hours, arriving Monterey, California at 1300. General Clark was met by ajor General Robert F'redericks, Division Commander, 4th Division On this day news was received that the North Koreans had invaded south of the 38th parallel The party was taken to Post Headquarters where a guard of honor was held, after which General Cla.rk and party had lunch at the Officers Club, joined by other generals of the Division staff. Immediately after lunch, General Clark was taken to the reviewing field where the 4th Division passed in review. At 1700 hours a large cocktail party and reception was held at the Officers Club, following which the General's party and about 20 of the Division staff went to the Mission Ranch branch of the Officers Club in Carmel for a stag dinnere * * MONTEREY, CAL.-FORT LEWIS, WASHINGTON - 27 JlJNE 1950 - General Clark spent the early morning inspecting the post and the training that was going on in the immediate area. The party left from Monterey Municipal Airport at 1018 hours (.PDT)·, flying direct to McChord Air Force Base and arriving 1430 hours. They were met by Maj or General L. B. Keiser aml taken to Fort Lewis where a guard of honor was held in front of Division Headquarters. General . Clark played golf with Generals Keiser and Sullivan and Lt; Colonel D1 0rsa. That evening a stag dinner was held at the Fort Lewis Inn attended by General Clark and his party and General Keiser and his division staff and regimental commandera * .. * * * * * FORT LEWIS, 'lASHINGTON - 28 JUNE 1950 - In the morning the General at the Inn, but at noon went to Tacoma for luncheon and to address the Rotary Club at the invitation of Ji.m Stack, former aide to General Eisenhower, now retired. The General returned immediately after the luncheon to Fort Lewis to attend a division review given in honor of General W:..lter M. Robertson, former commander of the Second Division, and retiring Deputy Commanding General of Sixth Army. Following the l 1/2 hour review, a reception was held in the rear of General Keiser's quarters, attended by the entire post. General Clark then attended a small dinner 2arty at General Keiser 1 s quarters attended by Generals Wedemeyer, Robertson and Haynes as well. * * �FORT LEWIS, WASHINGTON - 29 JUNE 1950 - General Clark spent the entire morning and afternoon on inspection of the post and of the Second Division. In the evening he attended the meeting of the National Sojourners held at the Fort Lewis Inn in his honor. General Clark was principal speaker. * * * * FORT LEWIB-CAMANO ISLAND, WASHINGTON _ 30 JUNE 1950 - General Clark spent the first part of the morning inspecting units in the field, departing Fort Lewis about 1030 hours and arriving Seattle, accompanied by General Sullivan and Colonel Smith, to attend a luncheon given by Mr . David Whitcomb at the Ranier Club. Mr . Whitcomb is a member of the Armed Forces Advisory Committee of the Seattle area. Following luncheon, the General left with General S ullivan for Ca.ma.no Island to be guests of Tom and Maude Griffith. * * * CAMANO ISLAND - 1 JULY 1950 - General Clark spent this day at Camano Island. * * * CAN'iANO ISIAND - 2 JULY 1950 - General Clark spent this day at Camano Island. * * * CAMANO ISU.l'lD-K U I ~ .. - 3 JULY 1950 - General Sullivan and Colonel Smith drove to Camano Island to complete arrangements for the Fourth of July speech by General Clark to be given in Everett .. General Sullivan remained for the night .. * CAMANO ISIAND-EVERETT, WASH - 4 JULY 1950 - General Clark drove with General Sullivan and the Griffiths to Everett in the morning, where the General led the Fourth of July parade and then stood in the stand and reviewed the hour-long parade, after which General Clark was a luncheon guest of the City at the First National Bank Buildinge Follow~ng the luncheon, the General was drivento Paine Field near Everett where his plane met him with the remainder of his party and they took off at 1345 hours PIST to return to Fort Monroe. The plane stopped at Great Falls, Montana for 35 minutes and again at Minneapolis , for the purpose of refueling. * * * FORT MONROE - 5 JULY :j-950 - Genera,l Clark and party arrive Langley Air force Base at 0743 hours. He rested at home in the morning and arrived at his office at 1300 hours and worked until 1730 hours to catch up with much business t,hat had accumulated in his absence He remained at home in the evening. * * * * * * worked FORT MONROE - 6 JULY 1950 - Gen~ral Clark/on correspondence in connection with his trip, and attended the presentation of the mobilization in the War Room, conducted by General Halsey at 1030 hours. The General remained at the office until 1630 hours and remained at home in the evening. * �FORT MONROE - 7 JU~Y 1950 - General Clark worked all day at the office giving a great deal of time to correcting the galley proofs of his book, sent in by Harper and Brothers He continued working on same in the evening * * * FORT MONROE - 8 JULY 1950 - General Clark at the office in the morning, played golf . in afternoon, and remained at home in the evening * * * FORT MONHOE - 9 JULY 1950 - General Clark worked at home all day on his book . He remained at home in the evening . * * * * :FORT MONROE - 10 JULY 1950 - General Clark spent the day at ·t he office working on corrections and modifications to his book . In the evening he and Mrs . Clark attended the picnic given by Colonel and Mrs . Sigarfoos at the Beach Club. * * left * FORT .MONROE- WASHINGTON-11 JULY 1950 - Genera 1 Clark/Fort rtO'Jll.roe for fashington , accompanied by Colonel Smith , to attend the Res earch and Development brief ing at the Pentagon. He had lunch with General Ridgway in his office, and left the Pentagon about 1630 hours and went to his mother's for the night., 1 * * WASHINGTON-NEW YORK - 12 JULY 1950 - General Clark attended the Army Policy eouncil meeting called by Secretary Pace At 0930 hours , he attended the Research & Development meeting which lasted until ll30 . He then went direc t to General Haislip's office for a meeting and lunch with General Ridgway. This meeting was originally int~nded ix> be with General Collins, but the C;S had to absent himself General Clark left the Pentagon about 1315 hours for the National Airport where he departed by plane for Newark Airport arriving 1458 hours ., He went to the Astor Hotel and in the -evening had dinner with Mr ., Robert Christenberry and a small group of friends e Following dinner Robert Raymond dropped by for a short chat * * Nt"'W YORK - 13 JULY 1950 - General Clark left the hotel at 0815 hours and drove with Lt General W. B. Smith to Fort Dix, arriving there at 0950 ., They were met by General Divine and an honor guard was held in front of 9th Division Hq . The morning was spent touring the post and observing training of the RTC . General Clark had lunch at Colonel Divine 1 s quarters After lunch the group inspected the processing system of the RTC and departed from Dix at 1410 arriving Hotel Astor at 1600. After telephoning Bill Robinson of the New York Herald Tribune the General met Bill Clark at the hotel and together they went to dinner at the home of Henry and Clare Luce, returning about 2)40 hours * NEW YORK-FORT MONROE - 14 JULY 1950 - General Clark left the hotel about 0830 for an appointment at 0900 with General Eisenhower at Columbia University . He returned to the Astor Hotel at 1230 where he had lunch in his room with Mrs e Marguerite Hoyle Munson of Harper and Brothers, while they discussed the book and completed arrangements for final corrections on some of the maps ., General Clark went to the Chancery where he spent about a half hour with Cardinal Spellman, arriving there about 1430 and then went to the Newark Airport for plane departure to Fort Monroe , arriving 1645 Standard Time . General Clark remained at home in the evening * * * �15 FORT MONROE - 15 JULY 1950 - General Clark spent all day at his office and remained at home in the e vening . FORT MONROE _ 16 JULY 1950 - General Clark worked all day and remained at home in the evening * * FORT MONROE - 17 JULY 1950 - General Clark held numerous conferences with his staff and made several telephone calls . He remained at home in the evening working on his book ., FORT MONROE - 18 JULY 1950 - General Clark discussed current problems and plans with his sta f f throughout the day and remained at home in the evening .. Directly after work, the General swam at the Chamberlin pool ., * * FORT MONROE-CAJAP PICKETT, VA . - 19 JULY 1950 - General Clark, accompanied by Colonel E . B. Howard, Bill Clark and I\/lajor Jaccard, left Fort Monroe at 0730 hours and arrived Camp Pickett about 0800 hours .. The party was met by Maj or General William H.. Sands commander of the 28th Division, Brigadier General Wm ., C. Purnell., Asst Division Co~mander, and Brigadier General Henry C. Evans, Di vision ·rtillery Commander ., They moved immediately to the 116th I nfantry area where a company in assaul·t problem was being conducted by Colonel .Art,hur T. Sh.eppe, Regimental Commander . They then moved to the 175th Infa ntry Division area, commanded by Colonel Will iam C. - Baxter, where an infiltration company in assault; double envelopment problem was in process. General Clark at t he finish of the problem was introduced to the Regiment by General Sands and spoke briefly. He then moved to the 115th Infantry training area, commanded by Colonel R .. M. Holland. Problem company in assault against aggressor resistance and movement of prisoners ·to the rear was observed . General Clark, accompanied by the State senior instructor Colonel Richard Sherman, who had commanded a separate combat team under General Clark in the 5t,h .A.rrny, moved from the field area to the field house to observe training of recoilless weapons being conducted by RA Support Team under Lt . Wm . M.. Shull, 11th Airborne Division ., t 1100 hours, General Clark went to the Di vis ion Command Post where he met the division staff of the 29th Division and made a talk alerting the division to possible future use ., At 1130 hours General Clark and party went to General Sands ' quarters at Pickett where they rested for 15 minutes and then went to the Composite Officers Mess for lunch at noon. At 1300 hours the General went to the range and observed 4 52 mortar firing under direction of RA Instructor Team from Company B, 2nd Battalion, Chembal Mortar Bn, Army Chemical Center, Maryland . From there he moved to the other side of the range to observe tank training under detachment from 3rd Armpred Cavalry, Fort Meade, Md . , 1st Lt . Gilbert Grou~, CO . From the tank range the General went to the Engineer training area to observe construction of a Bailey bridge under the instruction of a composite Engineer team from Fort Campbell , Ky, commanded by Capt . Charles A. Anders on ., Gmrnral Clark then went to the artillery gun posi-tions to observe time-on-target fire by the division artillery. The General selected targets which had not been previously fired on to test the unit . From the forward OP , General Clark returned to the airfield, taking off at 1530 hours, arriving Langley Air Base a·t 1500 Standard time ., He remained at home tha ·t evening . * * * FORT MONROE - 20 JULY 1950 At 0830 hours Lt. General John R.. Hodge arrived by plane and saw General Clark on his way ta a shington. General Clark had several conferences during the morning with various members of his staff .. At 1315 hours he had a special conference on control of anti-aircraft artillery with Colonel MrCroskey. The General remained at home in the evening. * * * * �( FORT MONROE-WASHINGTON - 21 JULY 1950 - General Clark, accompanied by Colonel Mccroskey and Lt Colonel Smith, left Fort Monroe at 0730 nours to go by plane to Washington for a special conference held there at 1130 hours (Daylite time) in General Ce,llins' office in order to determine responsibility for air defense control of anti-aircraft fire General Clark left the Pentagon at 1320 hours and arrived Fort Monroe shortly after 1500. That evening, General and Mrs. Clark went to the Beach Club to attend a cocktail supper given by General and Mrs. Oxx. General Oxx had just been promoted from Colonel. * * FORT MONROE - 22 JULY 1950 - Ann's b.irthday.. General Clark arrived at his office about 0800 hours and remained there until about 1100. He had a telephone conversation with General Ridgway and in the afternoon played golf with Bill Clark, Colonel Carson and ~t . Colonel Eichorn. In the evening the Clarks went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Stone for cocktails in honor of Colonel and Mrs Kreuter . * * * FORT MONROE - 23 JULY 1950 - General Clark went fis hi ng at 0830 hours, was joined at 1000 by.Bill and at noon by Ann . Theylunched on board and caught 67 fish . The group was accompanied by Mr . Kuykendall of G-4 , and returned home about 1600 hours. In the evening the Clark went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs . Fingarson for a cocktail supper * * * FORT MONROE .:_ 24 JULY 1950 - General Clark arr:i ved at the office at 0800 hours and at 1000 went to the honor guard held in honor of Major General Olenn O. Barcus, new temporary commander at tangley Air Force Base. General Barcus was accompanied by Colonel Sanders, also newly arrived at Langley. At 1140 hours the General received a call from Congressman Clarence Brown of Ohio, republican . At 12l5 the General called General S. J. Chamberlin at Fifth Army, Chicago, re current situations . In the afternoon he received a return call from General Chamberlin , after which General Cla:.k called General Bolte in Washington In the evening, General and Mrs ., Clark attended the party given by Maj or and Mrs ., Jaccard in honor of combined birthdays - Ann Clark, Babs Jaccard and Colonel Paul Goode . * FORT MONROE - 25 JULY 1950 - General Clark called General· Ridgway about 0830 hours. At 0920 he received a call from Henry Jackson, congressman of 2nd District, State of Washington and later talked with General Streit at Walter Reed Hospital regarding his mother who was in there . At 1015 hours the General recorded for the Edmond D Coblentz 50th anniversary celebration with Call-Bulletin newspaper in San Francisco At 1100 he received a call from General Julius Klein In the early afternoon, the General received another call from General Ridgway In the evening General and Mrs Clark received Navy Captain and Mrs Louis Reinken (at 1730) on a PPC call. * * * FORT MONROE - 26 JULY 1950 - General CLark was briefed on current situation at 0850 hours and held a number of conferences throughout the morning with Colonel Prather and Colonel Ritchey and Generals Mac on and Lawton, after which General Clark called Army Commanders in connection with the possible calling out; of National Guard di visions . At 1400 hours he talked over the telephone with Robert Raymond in NYC, and then had another conference, including General Lawton and Colonels Kingman and Costello. The General remained at home during the evening . * * * �v"Jv] ( FORT HONROE - 27 JULY 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours and was briefed on the Korean situation at 9830. He then saw Colonel Pe A. Roy of G-3, followed by seeing some Army liaison officers - 1st Army: Lt Colonel Clark; 3rd Anny: Lt .. Colonels Bond and Hays ; 4th Army: Colonel Forster; 5th rmy: Colonel Martin .. At 1345 hours the General cal led Congressman Henry Jackson in connection with his projected trip here to Fort Monroe General Clark remained at home during the evening . * FORT MONROE - 28 JULY 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0805 and attended to routine office matters and held various staff conferences In the evening he and Mrs ., Clark attended a buffet supper party at the quarters of Lt Colonel and jllrs • Eichorn * FORT MOI ROE - 29 JULY 1950 - General Clark spent the morning at his office .. At noon Congressman Henry Jackson fr om the State of ~fashington arrived in the General ts plane from Washington, DC. He immediately changed clothes and joined the Clarks in a fishing party, the group catching 58 fish . Returning from the Bay, the Clarks and their guest went to the Officers Beach Club for cocktails and dinner The younger group was guests at another table of Mrs Sullivan and Mrs . Howard. FORT MONROE - 30 JULY 19 50 - General Clark arose at 0500 hours to breakfast with Ann and Bill who were leaving early for New York . Tne General went to the office about 0915 and had a conference on an immediate report to be made to the Department of the nny Chief of Staff and G-3 & 4 Congressman tlackson came to the office at 1000 and was oriefed on the Korean situation . General Clark later telephoned General l edemeyer in San Francisco, and then talked with General Duff in the Pentagon in the absence of General Bolte e General and Congressman Jackson left the office about noon and went fishing, lunch.:..ng on board They returned about 1630 hours and the Congressman departed soon after in the General 1s plane returning to Washington. General Clark remained at home in the eveni ng * FORT MONROE - 31 JULY 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office a little before 0800 hours and talked over the telphone with Colonel Trimble Brown at Indiantown Gap, ?ennsylvania regarding arrangements for his trip there .. Colonel Daugherty and Colonel Kreuter, both retiring, came :into pay their respects to the General before their departures . At 1130 hours General Cl ark received a telephone call from Mr . Haggarty of Station WPIX of New York, asking to see the General on his next trip to NY. General W.. A., Burress, in from Fort Benning, saw the General at 1135 hours, and shortly thereafter General Clark saw his Chief of 0 taff and General ~immerman and the G-4 . In the early afternoon, General Clark received a call from General Ridgway and at 1445 from Cass Canfield, who discussed the General's book.. Colonel Goode came in with the Post P rovost Marshall to discuss post matters .. General Clark called General Wedemeyer, but failing to rea ch hi::n spoke with Brig General Stokes , the C/5 of 6th Army .. Soon thereafter, General Clark saw Colonel w. B.. Augur, G-3 of 6th Arrny, acting as liaison officer with Field Forces Hq. At 1520 hours the General recei ved a call from General Wedemeyer. At 1610 the General tried to lo te Mr Bernard Baruch in NY, but failed. At 1640 he talked with General J . Lawton Collins . Remained at home in the evening * * * FORT MONROE - 1 AUGIB T 19 50 - General Clark attended the usual morning briefing on the Korean s i tuation .. He then saw Chaplain Maxwell, who brought a message for the General from the Chief of Chaplains .. At 0900 he had a conference with General Lawton and at 0910 discussed Lt Colonel Cole with General Williams . At 0920 hours, the �General visited the training publications branch of G-J in the gymnasium , looking for a room ·to place the statistical data in ., t 0945 hours the General conferred with the deputy chief, the chief of staff and his deputy .. At 1015 he talked over the telephone wi.-th the Army Chief of Staff, and at 1030 met with \ his chiefs of sections in the conference room to orient them on the need for statistical data to be available instantly, in accordance with instructions from the Army Chief of Sta ff. At 1115 hour s he again talked with General J .. Lawton Collins .. After lunch he talked with General Ridgway and soon thereafter called General LeRoy Lutes at Fourth Arrny. At 1445 hours he saw Q~ General Sullivan in his office and at 1600 called General Daniel B. Strickler, CG of the 28th Division at Indiantown Gap , Pennsylvania , and then General Chamberlin in Chicago At 1620 he ca lled Major Genera Kenneth F. Cramer , CG, 43rd Division at Pine Camp, New York . At 1720 he called Genera l A., C. Gillem at Third Army, and about 1730 hours left for his quarters . He spent the evening at home .. * '7,· ~ I • * * FORT i.lliONROE - 2 AUGlBT 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office before 0800 and at 0820 returned a call made by General L., C., Jayngsfrom Washington. At 0835 hours he had a G-2 briefing and at 0845 hours ret,ired General Hal Barber stopped in to pay his respects ., At 0855 hours the General called General Brooks in Washington and at 1000 called Major General James C. Styron , CG, 45th Division at Hobart , Oklahoma ., At 1015 the General talked with Gener al vvedemeyer at Fort Lewis, at 1050 hours called Major General Hudelson, CG 40th Division at Los Angeles ., At 1110 hours he called Major General R., B. Woodruff of 1st Army, 1150 hours Major General Clift Andrus , 2nd Army., , All these calls were made in connection with bringing int o federal service four National Guard divisions and two RCTs . At 1235 hours the General received a call from Judge Mi chael Musmanno, and at 1430 hours talked with General Brooks .. At 1500 he left his office for some fishing and remained at home in the evening * * FORT MONROE - 3 AUGlBT 1950 - General Clark arrived a·t his office at 0800 hours and at 0815 had the usual G- 2 briefing At 0845 he had a meeting with his Chief of Staff and General Beasley and later with General Macon and General Beasley. At 0940 hours he saw Colonel Goode on post matters and at 1015 conferred with General Lawton and Colonel Rolfe of Research and Development, and Lt c Colonel Raney, also of R&D , at which time he looked at the model of the proposed field uniform .. At 1030 hours he received a call from Major Allen Crist, head of the National Guardsman regarding two articles for that publication . t 1035 hours he saw PIO Colonel Boylan and after lunch calle j Mr "' Bill Robinson of the New York Herald Tribune regarding his book . At 1430 he tried to contact General fl'leming of the National Guard Bureau in the Pentagon , but in his absence talked with Colonel Sawyer instead At 1550 hours General Clark saw Colonel Prather . Returning to his quarters, from 1730 to 1830 the General and Mrs . Clark received callers , including Lt . Colonel and Mrs . Sigarfoos , who made their PPC call, Major and Mrs ., Sieminski, Lt . Colonel Jackson , on 30 days active duty with headquarters, Colonel Augur , 6th Army G-3, and Lt Colonel Smello, former classmate of Aide Lt e Col ., C. C. Smith . The General rerr~ined at home in the evening * * FORT MONROE - 4 AUGUST 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0755 and went to the G- 2 briefing at 0815., ~t 0830 returning to his office, he called General W. B. Smith at 1st Army .At 0900 he met Ann ns boat arriving from Cape Charles., At 0910 the General greeted General W A. Burress and Ge~eral George Honnen , and spent the balance of the morning w.ith them, taking them to his quarters for lunch . At 1330 this group returned to headquarters and attended another G-2 briefing on the Korean situation Generals Burress and Honnen departed at 1500 hours ., Brig General T L., Harrold of Armored School, Fort Knox, reported in and saw the General prior to his departure for Washington to appear before a Senate investigating committee. General �Clark left his office at 1645 hours and remained at home in the evening ., * * * * FORT iVi0NR0E-NEW YORK-INDIANTOWN GAP , PA - 5 AUGIBT 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours and after several hurried conferences with the Chief of Staff and the Deputy Chief and General Bradford, the General left at 0835 for Langley !ir Force Base and departed 0905 by plane, arriving Newark, N. J . at 1150 ne irmnediately went to the Commodore Hotel to attend a CIC Association luncheon where he addressed this group for 20 minutes He was accompanied by Colonel E. B. Howard and Lt Col Smith Immediately after the luncheon, General Clark and his group left for Indiantown Gap , Pa . arriving there at 1635 hours EIBT . He was met at the airport by Major General Strickler, Major General Weber and Colonel J . Trimble Brown . A guard of honor composed of a battalion of the 112th Infantry was drawn up and a 17-gun salute was fired e General Clark was taken immediately after the honor euard to Hotel Hershey where he changed clothes and went to play golf. General Bradford arrived at 1830 hours from Fort J11onroe . At 1900 General Clark and party attended the Governor's dinner. Other guests included the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania, the Division Commander of the 28th Division and his staff, regimental commanders and guests of Governor Duff . After a brief talk by the Governor and by General Weber, General Clark made a 10minute ad.dress The dinner terminated about 2130 hours and after a quick turn around the hotel, the General retired e * INDIM T0V~J GAP-FORT t 0NR0E - 6 AUGIBT 1950 - General Clark played 9 holes of golf beginning at 0830 hours. Judge Musma nno drove dmvn from Harrisburg and had a brief chat v;ith the General . Colonel Brown picked up General Clark and party at 1100 hours and to ok them to the White House at Indiantown Gap where a rece:stion was held by the Adjutant General for the distinguished guests attending the Division Review. Following this the guests were taken to the General Officers Mess where they had lunch, after which all went to the reviewing stand to witness the Divisional Review which began at 1430 hours. Included were elements of the 28th Infantry Division . Governor Duff', General Clark a nd their immediate staffs trooped the line The review terminated at 1510 hours a nd General Clark, accompanied the governor back to his summer mansion .. He then went to the airfield where he and his, party took off at 1528 hours Daylite Time . They arrived Langley at 1545 S.tandard Time and Fort Monroe 45 minutes later . The General remained at home in t he evening . * * FORT V!0NR0E - 7 AUGIBT 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours. He attended the G-2 briefing at 0815 hours and then saw his deputy chief and Chief of Staff . At 0850 hours he telephoned General Hull, Chief of the Weaipons Development Section in Washington . At 1100 General Chamberlin called the General from Chicago. At 1320 hours General Williams conferred with the General on procurement of medical personnel for 5th Army newly-opened installations . At 1345 hours the General called General Chamberlin . At 1400 hours General Clark called the Chief of Staff in the Pentagon, and at 140, saw Colonel Boylan. After seeing Colonel Boylan, the General telephoned General Mueller, CG at Fort Eustis regarding his proposed visit to the transportation headquarters the following Saturday. At l430 hours General Clark S3W General Lawton with General Williams, and at 1500 hours talked with General Halsey, followed by Colonel Kingman at 1550 hours . At 1600 he met again with his Chief of Staff, as well as General Halsey and Colonel Prather. At 163,O Colonel Prather continued discussion with General Clark, at which time General Clark called General Brooks in Washington and then General Duff, G-J. At 1640 he saw General 0xx and at 1645 General Bradford . At 1730 hours General Clark had Major and :Mrs. Warren Thrasher to the house for cocktails ., Also t here were Lt. Colonel Preston, Major Dannemiller, N..ajor and Mrs. John Oswalt and Mrs . 0swalt's parents, Mr .. and Mrs. Black from Lawton, Oklahoma General Clark remained at home in the evening . * * �FORT MONROE - 8 AUGl6T 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 and saw Mr Robert Cohn and L~jor Oswalt . 1vir Cohn is with Columbia Motion Pictures and was investigating t~e possibility of making a picture on army aviation He cairein to get General Clark,4,part in founding army light aviation, instances where it had been of value, and what he thought the future of it was to be At 0945 hours a guard of honor for General J A Van Fleet, new CG of Second Army, was held e General Clark spent the morning with General Van Fleet , and they lunched together at General Clark's quarters General Van Fleet departed at 1510 hoursafter seeing members of headquarters staff General Clark left his office at 1515 hours to go fishing with i\llr . Powell.. He spent the evening at home * * * * FORT 1\J10NROE- WASHINGTON, DC - 9 AUGIBT 1950 - Genera.l Clark arrived at the office at 0850 hours . After meeting with various members of his staff throughout the morning, he saw Messrs ., Kyes and Haig of General Motors, also Mr Bock . General Clark received a telephone call at 1128 hours from the Army Chief of Staff 1 s aide to fly immediately to Washington ., The General left Fort Monroe at 1235 hours accompanied by Lt Colonel Remus and Lt . Colonel Smith, arriving Pentagon at 1355 when he saw General Ridgway, who was in conference wi·th the Army G' s .. He then saw Genera l Collins at 1455 to 1605 hours after which he met briefly with General Ridgway and General Gruenther .. He departed the Pentagon at 1630 hours and returned to Fort Monroe .. That evening he and Mrs . Clark left for Norfolk Navy Base via Admiral Fechteler 1s cabin cruiser to be guests at the quarters of Admiral and lfrs . Fechteler ., * * FORT MONROE - 10 AUGIB T 19 50 - General Clark arrived at his office before 0800 hours .. At 0900 hours he saw General J ., 1'11 . Swing , commandant of the Army Har College at F'ort Leavenworth, Brigadier General Trudeau, and General H. N Hartness of the C&GSC at ·Fort Leavenworth . He spent the balance of the morning with these of ficers until 1130 when Admiral li'ech·t eler arrived at the Chamberlin pier, accompanied by Admiral (Rear) J L. Holloway, Jr ., Commander, Cruisers , Atlantic Fleet , and Rear Admiral Jerauld Wright, Commander, Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet, and aide Lt . Carpenter . The entire group of admirals and generals were present at the f. •. ard of honor held for General Swing . The party then went to headquarters to receive a briefing on the Korean situation, follovred by lunch at the Beach Club . Also present at the luncheon were Mr . Robert Biggers and Mr . Bird of Chrysler Corporation , who were visiting R&D section of F~,e ld Forces in connection with a recent contract Admiral Fechteler 1s party retur57to No.rf>lk after lunch and General Swing's group visited the various staff sections with which they had business " General CJ.ark talked with Bill Robinson of · the New York Herald Tribune re his book ,; In the evening , General and Mrs Clark received Colonel and Mrs ., Moran and their house guests, the deMoleyns Mr deMoleyn is a member of the British Embassy in Washington and were visiting down here aboard their private yacht It * * * FORT :MONROE - 11 AUGUST 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours and immediately attended the G-2 briefing .. He then went to the auditorium to hear a brief of the presentation to be given to National Guard commanders next week General Clark talked with Cass Canfield in New York at 0900 hours and at 0930 he called General Hodge at Fort Bragg At 1015 he conferred with Colonel Costello in connection with air support ., :i t 1030 he called Colonel Sanders at Langley Air force Base in order to invite Major General Glenn 0 ., Barcus to attend the National Guard conference to be . had Au,.:,ust 14-l5e At 1045 he saw General Oxx and Colonel Naylor to discuss plans for the statistical chart At 1140 he called General Larkin . He lunched at home and returned to the office about 1300 hours, and at 1330 hours, accompanied by Mrs Clark and Colonel Smith proceeded to Fort Eustis where he was met by General Mueller and taken on a two-hour tour of Eustis and exhibits and demonstrations held for the benefit of c �visiting cadets from the class of 1952, IBMA General Clark returned to Fort Monroe about 1700 hours and spent the evenin g at home. ( * * FORT i.\JONROE - 12 AUGIBT 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0815 hours .. At 0845 he telephoned General Burress at Fort Denning and then General Brooks in the Pentagon . At 0910 he spoke vvith General Gruenther in Washington and at 0930 with Mark Watson of the BALTDJIORE S lt"'N in his office in lvashington in connection with his proposed visit to Fort Monroe on August 15. At 1000 General Clark called General Irving and at 1030 tried to contact General Parks , who was absent from his office, so he s p oke with Colonel Dorn .. At 1045 hours h e tel ephoned General Ridgway in Washington .. At 1100 he conferred in his office with General Beasley, Colonel Holly and General Lawton ., Shortly there after he bade goodbye to Captain Billy McLeod , his pilot, who is leaving Langley to attend school At 1150 he left his office to go f ishing .. Gene ral and Mrs., C]ark spent the evening with General and Mrs . Sullivan FORT MONROE - 13 AUGUST 1950 - At 0800 hours General Clark played golf with Colonels Trew, Carson and lichorn . He shot an 87 . He returned to quarters at 1230 hours . In the afternoon Army and National Guard staff officers began to arrive for the conference to be held next morning . General Clark had to his quarters for cocktails General Wedemeyer , General Chamberlin , General Bruce , General Van Fleet and Mrs . Van Fleet .. This group then joined a l a rge table at the club, totaling about 24, consisting of other incoming visitors and Generals 1./iacon , Halsey and Bradford . FORT MONROE - 14 AUGIBT 1950 - General Clark arrived at his o ffice at 0720 hours . He talked with the Army Commanders and staff members before the conference beginning at 0900 . He attended the conference throughout the day. This was a conference of Army, Division and Regimental Combat Team corrm1and of those units who are to be federalized on or about September 1.. All commanders of the six armies were present, except General Lutes, represented by General A. D. Bruce, and General Gillem, represented by Colonel Alspaugh.. Nat:Lonal Guard Commanders were: Major General Daniel B. Strickler, 28th Division, Major General Kenneth F Cramer, 43rd Division, Major General James C. Styron, 45th Division , and Iv~jor General Daniel H. Hudelson, 40th Division; Lt ., Colonel Warren C. Giles, 278th RC'i', and Colonel Kenneth R. S curr, 1<;6;h RCT .. From the Department of the Army cam.e Generals Ridgway and Jaynes " General Barcus of Tactical Air Command at Langley Air Force Base, attended the afternoon conference . General Ridgway returned to Washington soon after lunch and General W. B. Smith departed about 1700 for ls·t Army. In mid.afternoon, Colonel Smith telephoned Mark Watson in Washington, who said he was unable to come down for the conference Tuesday because of ill h ealth. Mr . Blair of TIME magazine , inquired through the liaison office as to the veracity of the report that General Clark had been named a general officer in the Brazilian Army.. At 1830 General and Mrs ., Clark were hosts to the Army and National Guard Commanders and their staffs at a cocktail and garden supper party at their quarters . About 110 persons were in attendance, including general officers and section heads of AFF . This eveni.ng the Korean team returned ·to headquarters ., * * FORT ivlONROE - 15 AUGIBT 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0740 hours ., He saw General A. D. Bruce of 4th Army at 0810 and soon after attended the G-2 briefing c At 0835 he again saw General Bruce, as well as General Wedemeyer, General Macon, and Colonels Prather and Ritchey. At 0900 the National Guard Commanders joined the Ar.ny Commanders in the General's office. The conference continued this day under the supervision of G-1-3-4 in the conference room and the G-4 of fice . The conference broke �up shortly after 1030 hours when pictures were taken with each of the National Guard Commanders . General Clark saw Colonel Eckert, whcb headed the Korean team, at 1100 in connection with the report on the Korean trip ., After lunching at home, General Clark returned to his office at 1300 remaining there until 1500 at which time he went fishing . At 1520 hours retired General Randolph Pendleton called at the office, in the absence of General C1ark, to pay his respects He was a former Coast Artillery man here at Fort i;lonroe . General Clark , returning from fishing, re mained at h ome in the evening ., * * FORT MONROE - 16 AUGUST 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0745 hours and was briefed by U- 2 at. 0815 . At 0830 he received a call from Mr .. Cloke of Kaiser Indus tries At 1020 he had his picture -taken with Major Sieminski , who has been on duty at headquarters for 30 days, and who is returning to New Jersey, where he is campaigning for Congress . Until noon the General met withthe staff repre •sentatives and the Korean team in the conference room in connection with making a report :t o the Army Chief of Staff on the Korean trip . At 1205 he received a call from General Lutes of 4th Anny, and then went to his quarters for lunch . He returned to the office at 1310 and talked with Adniral Wright in connection with his visit to Exercise CAMID August 26 in company with Sir Neil Ri·tchie, Chief of the British Military Mission in · ashington ~ At 1340 he received a telephone call from The Army Chief of Staff re the Korean situation . Ge neral Clark attended to routine office matters and at 1605 talked to General Tunner, deputy to General Kueter of MA1S . At 1500 hours, Lt . Colonel W. A ~ Swan , post engineer, came in to say goodbye to Gen eral Clark on his departure to ETO . At 1610 General Ridgway called to report on the status of the suspension of the clothing allowance .. At 1615 General Clark talked with Generals Lawton and Bradford in connection with the recommendations for opening new locations for the two new divisions of the National Guard being calle d into federal service . General Clark spent the evening a·t home e * FORT Lct~ROE - 7 ~lLiG-U::.T 1950 - uc-iir ~ :. Cl '1rk ar::..~:. ved at the office at 0750 11011rs. He th'?n rccei vsd ::i telephone ca1 fr'Jm Geni::>r3.l ?.irlb '. "Y aftar -;hic'.1 i-ie attended a G- 2 briefj_nb. ]e sa.rif LL Co . J~ C. · ---nsen A.t 082.5 to di~cus air support in !(orea. At Ov45 ta ked v:i th Colonr1 Unode re t 11e slot r11ac!-1ine 3.''T. :J:. 0~/05 ho s Genr:::iral ~hea · fu~ajor Genel'al Gc~r 6 e · • :·-.e~) uallE,d on the GeY'e. al He ~~ reportj_n to he:1d"'uartsrc as Field ~ "t.:.J lery Ins:r,ector. From 0930 to J 130 General Clark 3.tt3nc~ed the :CJck~rt Do=ird conference at the os t Tneater ~ It was -:ittended by 11 msmbcrs of oc~":..Fi, as we1l as :.. ajor G1:neral B'l.rcus and Brigadier ueneral Sanders of Langley Fiel ~, Tl~10 ,.ere acconpanied by 20 of' their offic·e s. General u.rk lunched at home :md returned to 1-ds office at 1315 ti.t ~·,;hich tirr.e he saw various staff offic8rs. . t 1 .µ.5 hours 11~ ca 2.ed uener:.l icg-wA.y in ··r.:1s;.1ir:i.E$t0n aYJ.J -:it 1h30 talke wit~, h..r. Ga vy oI·don i I rliana}lolis, wi:1.o is "'ri th the Indianapolis Times and is ,,,-ri tin6 ?rticles on Indiana men Nho became cucG ss.ful in the :-'ervices .. The 1..ieneral ta1ked T,vi th Colonel Coctel~ o re r~~inot Dole and then saw Colonel Kingman on service tro0p 2uppor t . Sever".\ ot Y' taff officers •rere sean re 6 arding ro11tine matter's .. Gensr 1 CJ qrk remained ;it 1rome in t e evening. FORT 2dC!Tll0:5' - 18 PUGUST 195'0 - Gcnerql Cl rk arrived at the offj ce at 0735 hours He then ~aw various of fie I':-' of his staff and ---t 0940 received a C9ll from a :.:r UobinPon in NY , w1rio is connectPd with '"'chr barher Cori:'!'.lny of San Fr'.."":1,nci co. At J 13.5 until 1315 he was intervie1•red by e, I3 .. len, ·.,rashington corresponrlcnt of the rew York Hera d Tribune for ::in ar ticle that will appear in this paper . In the afternoon the Gen~.ral crntinued to co-rifer with various staff officers . He remained at home in tr:e evening , cancelling hi.s engagement to atte d t c Gection p~rty at t~e officers beach club . and at 0SG0 saw· Genc-r:=i.l Lawton .. 0) 0 �FOR _1mruor: - 19 UGUST 1950 - General Clark , nt fL ing with Mrs . Clark . They re~ained ~t home i the evening . ( ORT ~:ONROE - 20 A· G ~-·T 1950 - General Clark rent f L hing.. At 163 he and i..irs ~ Clark rent to the quarters of Lt Co l and lrs .. C. C . Smith for dinner , a so !:Jttended by the Howards and Sullivans. FORT r1fOFROE - S!l AUGUST 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0755 and a t 0815 ~ttended the G-2 briefing. He lirtened to the vorld-wi~e broadcast of world news round-up presented by NBC 0750 to 0815 , which the General has been doing since the dev opment of the ~o ean situ~tion General larks w various sta f membe during the mornin, and made a call to Tony 1 c estaurant to t hank I~:r ., JeGregorio for wine ent to t e ho 1se . At 09~ h faw Colonel Car pent r of' G- reg;:irding t e Williams case t Wil iains was the first service man of t e Peninsula Area to be killed in !(orea~ lt 09.5 Gew·raJ_ lark talke. with kr . Williams , the father of Lt . n!il iams. At OJ 5 ho rs he inspected Colonel Gurneyt s o d auarters iri th G nc al ea, w o will occ 1py them . t 030 ours he saw- General Beasley and at 115 1ours Brigadie Gener ricket·t, Deputy IGu of the D/A 3.]led on the cneral, _ t 1 45 Brigadier Corne iuc:; Ryan, necv commander of Camp Breckenridge , Ky. caJJed on the General . 1 e turning from lune , Gene r al Cl~r saw :i~. .rc 1::n · ams fro 1500 to 1530 reg::irding his son's death and his widow . After attending t 0 furt.her office matters the General returned to his 1uarters at 1630 and at 1830 went to an informal cocktail upper party at the officer s cl ub giv n by Lt .. lonel and 1.rs . aban Jackson, forme headquarters commandant of 1 ( r::;'th Anny. FORT 1:cNno~ - 22 AUGU~T 1950 - Gener~l Clark arrived at the offi eat 0800 hours and 3.t n815 attended the G-'- briefing . At 08 0 he talked with Lt Colone Jack ::arinel li and Hajor John Osvral t regarding the air strip at Fort t:onroe. At 0845 the Gener 1 went to the 500 area with Co onel },:arinelli and 1.fajor OSV1ral t nd Co one oode to check the location of an air strip. At 0915 hours the General talked ·i th General Brooks in ··a::,: ·.ngton and then conferred with members of riis staff At 0945 hours he sa·.v I.:ajo General obert. E':-ederick from Fort Ord, Calif. At 000 he saw Colonel Prather and Carpenter and t ked again with "eneral Brooks and at 1015 rnw Co onel Buchanan who m:1de a PC call efore departin for War Col] ege . At 15 hourE" he cal ed in the personnel w11.o wi accompany i1irr on hi::' trip to :uco:M and conferred on plans for that trip At 120 hours he called retired Lt. Gen. Lucian Truscott at Bluemont, Virginia. He returned to his uarters .ror unch and returning to the office at 1315 saw Colonel Percy Thompson to say LOOdbye Colonel Thompson lil take up an assignment in ~ orea e ·t 1830 thi~ ever:i.n General Clark entPrtained Gensrals Frederick and Shea and Lt Colon_l nd :;.:re-. La ::i Jackson or r1inner at }i i s uarters FORT nONROE - 23 AUGUST 1950 - Gen°ral Clark arrived a.t his office 0815 hours c il.d chief of staff and then c alled the D/A Comptroller General 1.cLain. He then aw variouf' staff off:Lcerc:: and qt 11.5 hours received three n iA.n officers - ~ajor adda ., Co one Pundit anri Col one '..atoch - who hadbeen attenrling ~choo1s and who now were enroute back to India At 1330 he had a conference vri th mr>mbers of the 2ckert Tea:n to F:COi-.I and 1 ~-i th Generals Hal~ey, ifacon and Cxx and Co onels King.man and 8o""te110$ He remained at hor-:e in the evening. He ~aw his denuty �E - 2~, lUGU'"'T 950 - GPneral C .rk ar-rived at his office ;,,t 0300 and attenu.ed the J-2 brief:n . ~tt 1000 Lt uensral Lucian ruscott at L.J.nl:Jey y uer1rr ~] .vJ~ con . . . 1.1ard of hono,. ··as e..1-.d onroe at JO 5 after v i ch General CJ ark briefed J nera Tr 'Scott until 50 at ,.. ich time Gener· Tr ~~ott met peop e in t't'1° l-ieadq11~n. ters vrl-i0 had previ.ou. y serv'"'d with hi • Gener 1 Trufcott unched with th. Gen~r-: A.t his anartgrs a ..... d t en departed the, post at 1500 ·10urs c At hi time, v'neral Clark sa r 1eneral ueasley al'lc 1..,010'1 1 rathAr and then ne a Zirnmermar~ . : e tdeY)hori d Genera Bolte in t11e ent on J.n at &Jo hours Le 1 ophoned General -riitini, also -in the ~entagon. At 7.900 ho1rs 14 :inner at t-t :1e ~ttended a form;:1 c ub ghreri y Co 0'1e 3__, ~rs. ~ r1. t (' . FO lT _:uF ( 0 0 1 ?~ UG ,.~T ..... 950 G~n-r1J Cl r 1...,r..: t of i cc ~ t, 03 5 ho·, . . s r ,·ent t the u 2 1ri ing .'\. t nA : honrr i--e ed.· .r . C r3. 1~1 en r_ference to t e intervic,.' 1)uhli'"' .. Cu u:,.. ul in w a :rrJ.eostatement was , 1de concer11ing len 6 th of time of th ,u., ly tr::i · fl Lr.: c~-~ l (.. .. Ee tl-ien t .ep'l--ioned n r:-:i. li:1'.l i_,..on ir t· ~ . . 0 -rtat;?;< n, .1.}ID. d-.. :"' \ J__,ner--1.l S . . e at 0:,30 ~J)P_r~ , nri Gen. a_ !·.,__,0n --it CCJL, the Chi~f of ctaff .:.t 1020, and te e .. honed General Reber ., :=:hief of the Legisl··t.i. c : · ai.~_;:~ D.i.t.! ~ion i 1 tl:,_ r1:;1t e,on. At 1 025' ''"' ta ked ~;ith ucner .1..icgway ai1 "t ..03.5 s"1-: vlo 1 ~0u,.A& .1:eg .... ru·_ ..16 L. ni, r-tr..:.p. {,.fter 0aE:;:ng ut er staf.L ...e .....oe sand t...2.A.:ng a.b~LLn :r:t--. Jenn·_ R.id 6 .'!c1J , t: 1 t..: Genercl ... ·t.,-Lurned to n.u.ar t~l "lJ.e ·· e :~ ~d : t Co2.o 1° &nd :. \., . i...,, l...,mi th for luuc 1. I e c.urn:r.g to the c.fl'ice , e -...enrral receivtd ::i te e1jhone call fro,1 uencral J. J.Y. • 3win of the . i !Y ~ar CoJ s~e at Ft Tea &r. "orta , Cansas. He ~hon s i.:: sever&l s La1.·_;:· officers ., 1- t lGuO he '.rent to t~1 ~0h11 :::..1111- th 1~om r.f t1-")e C. 'lIPOt:;;J.·lin 1Iotel f0.r drinkb ,;i h Lrc. e c.l 2,i:r: r il J. itch.i.e of t. 6 :a ·.i:L.i.011 ·:..y tdl'J. :i..n ~ •.-d.r . : J..1.eftOn . At 1%0 Lt Bi2.: 0L.rk --:i ..,,ived .Zor v J.1.:;:T' e.:eercis s at vcl .tJ .1.e11.J.Je on. A~ 191.5 G-ericrdl ')r,.j ··~ •:.:; ., C.l..u:··· went.. to t'te r:_u'.":lr el"b 0f ue11...,r-, 1 an 1, 5 ., 0u 7 l · cl.ll f .1· d. JiL-i..,.:C 10110 . .:ing t~ .• uuin. ·"'1miver~a.ry o G·::..oncl and ..:rs w• n. Howdrd ., ~ - w _ ... 1 = 1 11 0,. T 1Vlvl} O.w 2C .:Ul.iU.. J.L 1s;;o \..J ncral C ~:\ k mot Jeneral 11.itchie at hi ~, _a.l" u ·s at 7J'J hours> a ;e]l dS vr-loncl .J10.car.. '"'Pd ,... c.jr-r :Jo le. rL1~rde~:1rted 735 ~.illou 6 :1by .i.ie r) f 0 r ·.. n oug by S · t wher t cy were mut. y 1~ajo · t 1e C 'Jy LJ staff ., Ger,r-r~l CLi.rk was accrvnpani . by t.~s . v J.rk and L\.nn. l ! cato "'c::rcle escort led the1:1 to Crunp Pendleton, arrivirg 0846 hours •There the General w .tched tl''e e- crcise fr ,1 t~c stands ar.d 7ie>:.t ~1: t' 1•• ajor uereral B £.nt 1.1001·0 to t ~ c~dots batta lon C . 1\e e}..ercise ~.r s concliided at lY' hours and ::ien(,ral lcirk m-::t. t 1e 1=ress ,.,_n~ 0 --.ve a short 3tater..ent . l-le 1.un ~he in the f"° e1 rith ·.d1.1ir ls '(jc,,t3le , ·'right an B ittin, an Gen1:..r·als uunt, ,.,oore > . . itc:1.ie and B:3.rcus , ~s ~.rell sot e office s. Ic :.ai " gnodbye to Bil CJ - <:, ~j· o ~etnrn-=.d. to ,··es-L 0i.:.i.t , 1r.a the Gcnr:ral returned to Fort -,ronroe 1t J 400 ho rs .J., :0 0 hour-- ~e 'l tteride 1 an i n.J.crmal cocktail "I') Lu.f .L'e supper give by Colons_ anc . . rs. r. r 9.rson at thsir .u'lrters. 1 6 ,~")lT l,.U T OE - 27 nUGu-T 1:i50 - Gern::,r!U ~1 :ir .. aept.rted at 0745 hour,. for Rock to go ri~·1,; ll.€, and c2.ut:.ht 27 assorted fish - bh~e fi h , croakers. at 'f-: me in th even:.. n 5 1;e lish rerr_...,inec ~ AJ ·u~ r 1950 Gewr31 CJ · k a rived at li:Ls offi.c TL :755 lours ~nf ,..,tten ed the G-2 br1 sfin 6 at OSlv. Hb 1-1 "1u a tetanus s ot p ·ep1.ratory to his oing riverseas and then sa~r v- riot1s i::taff office t:1ro 1 t:,hout t.l1E::. mornihg .During the morn· nt, '1.d talked ov::1 the telephol.e ·ri th ue1 '"1 c1l .u.i itWcl.Y ld m1de - rotLer cal in thP early after'1oon /'l.t 1610 Colonel T . J" or.pton of AFT' Do· rd o 1, �Fort .Sragg , r c, called on the General. At J.61.5 Colonel • .t . oy mqde a P C call and at 16?0 Jeneral Cl::.rk again saw Generals ~.~aeon and Oxx on the :;:ckert report. He rem ined at hone i t!:e evenin . Fu T ;.~ i J:?.OE - 29 AUGU~,7 1950 - u r-iner~J C .,rk a ri ,ed qt th office at 07 5 11ou s and at 08 5 h .d a typhoid sho • He then sa r the C ief of Sta· 1' , followed by Colonel Gooch regarding hurrican pl~s . ...re spent t .e on.in 9.ttendin to routine office m--.tters 31:_0 seeing taff o.C'ficers . At 13 0 hou:r s , Colone V;:m OrmE:r of the D/A briefed Genr'ral Clark on a eve opment •,veapon. At 5 0 the General tele~ honed to TL'E , Inc . in Ne"?r York efcrence in~uiry rom the re peop e on xnGt dates whic -.,.rere m ntionnd in th~ C:mrchL man,. E ipt . :.t 630 he ta l<ed vd t_ ltrs . r 1 t:1.nie , ,.,rife of G n r8.l ni,:ike" (".1.,211iel who is Jue for station ~t Fort r·onroe . Ile re!r.qine at o~ e in t11P evenj ng . FC . . T ,,~N·::,o-s - 3 AUGUc T 1950 - enc• 1 C ;--,rk arrived =1t his office at ·0755 ou s. : e wa2 briefed on wor d d tu- tio .1:: at 08 5 hour·s ~ He aw ColonA ~.c n at O~...,C rt- 6 rdin • t11e :c 1'ert r ~ o ... t '-t 8950 · e tele') oned o ll..r. Joseph Jor an et, 'lr in~ his appointrn . . nt. in He" York 5 Cctober but ~·ms unab e to red.ch him . Con 6 rcc-sman vary from vir 0 ini3. te E..phoned the uencr:::i. refrrence 3 sp 1 ing en.;,..ge-nent. He lunchec, -:it 11ome anc. returned to jjh of ic t J JOO hours · r en he al ed Genr-,ral :_arri 8on , )ID, in the Pentagon regar i ng the : . en re ease, :l.t 600 riour lren.: ... Ennis, inc:,; ector of Armor , reported to Gt=>nl'.:,r8l Clar:. Lt 1700 ours t 1e e:reral ·rent .r- s11ing n re'"':~ined 011t unti 22_ ho1 rs C'1tch-Lng C'e en croak rs off' the dock • c 1 1 0 1RT r· iJROi.~ ... AUGU'.::: 19.50 - ':?n<?ra Cl rk rrived 1.t uhe office 0815 hours and ~-tten ed thP G-2 briefing . ;l.t 0915' Generals Pidgway and B ooks c led "rem 7.fasri;ngton . At 0925, Brig~ Jenfra.1 Ch1.r es Saltzman called from Nev: York ., Gencr:11 Brooks again cql ed . \t 015 our the 0"Cne al we!:lt to the 5uO area and ·Look a ride in a DeHa · 1an Beaver-t ~ e a· rcrg_ft made in Canada and rrhich 1'f s bein€'> s onm to ~-D Section . He then t ked with a Pr deSimon refer nc· t e ~:ont c1.s::ino A.te in 1Jev: ork ., t 1 0 ue'1 rq - arrison c Hed from the Penta 0n . He, unched 1t 1--iorr'e . Returning t the office , he c '-'- t.-d General /i tsell, , Pentagon, at l 0 hoti.r . ~ie tht:,n ccaw ~:r. Oldham fro:n kuncie, Inrliana. 1. t 1500 Co nc Pr;1t er ,.n:=i.de his " on the Gener!ll. cn--:r:11 1..1 d.!'l' ca d Gen_ a Eisenhower i :rye, tY't ,.-as o raac . him.. He went fishing cff the ~eek thj f" evening e .r1 1 if FORT FuFR.O:= - 1 GI!~P1\~,j'.,,. , ~ 1950 - Gener Clark q_rri ved ".lt the office at OGOO hours an at 0815 ~ttcn ed the G-2 briefing lie V1r.>n en £'err u 7.:. th Ge--i .1. "1 ~ :1':ll sc:r 'l..n C frori OS?n to ~ 91-1-5 . 11 t 09~0 . e c3. ed Genc·r ,, d ...n, G-3 ., /l , ~nd at 1000 went to t e . . t.:;tion ~1oc-pital for r:i dentql appointm nt . ~ t 1 16' hou r s he h J ~ r6e E' ,hone cal 1 •n 1 ./~t1-1 n vunming II ur.c ed at ht):me. ~t _ 2u he c~lh:d Gs'1e.ra B i cs ..:..n 1rashi:i ·ton re the Fort .. onros Hl'"\~p · tal At 1330 he talked 1.-i th Gen~ral Armstrorg, De_ uty ,..urgeon ,:nrrtl , reg·r'in; the Fort :~onroe ioC' . ;tg,L :.. t 1h00 Ccr:1gresc-rr::ir~ TI n .i Jackson cal _ec. fr m ~··a~ ;n 6 ton, ~lt a lJ.ter t;rr,.e , Jcn.ral Clark ed Gener~ S oe, ~rme :i. Force f-t f Col t.:be , r garrJ.ing an invj t?tion to attend t e ec ture s this year. t 500 he c 11.-;d t11e si _ rey o= .10.....iv..,;;,..," 'c in the UC" I\. • .t 1) 0 he ppro . . -~ the resi n f r t'1e new o r neral 81 ".'Jr!c:: - aY: various ,... ;;ff n~f; c.,e1 ,:,p , C had Gencr.g,l Shea ; n for \ t ] 800 he and us. : co '"tai. n.,pper 0 i·ren by Lt ~ Co1cn f: Jc E ~ JqrleS ':),: R • .. ,:, t-rs. :,, he 7 e,ft t e p.::ir ,.,__r ,-_ ·n :.r"I:-.- to i'"'t n t t E ~ r8~; 4 ent 1 s 1 ro,.,rc1,st. �CE ours brief0 j int ener at 0 7_.G h ·r,., . 1 950 t 0930 he was e by era b 1out · n tr i.'-"'v uJ: - awt.on , for ucrc-ral Cl s.1·k. hours ".I V • ri.:. . iw ue y;rent 1 e.ft a to stl rms, 1-J ,+ '.X)O t T .! to turned .i.. 2200 ral 1..1 L . rk \'e:rit fi ~hing --i t u;LX) ~ours c o kl-r s n ' •'l. i ting ..., • nd .I'E ""'_,Y-1. 195 CP"' ::i C1 c:i.l'k . l:iy-ed golf -1.t 0830. Gener evri , C of ~ my G nP1~a1 .. chooJ. a -L li t i il eJr , ans.9 s , nov~ enroute c coI!T.na the &· m.- School at Fort E7 i ~, arrived. on tr'c :roe t A.t 1 70 hour • H h ,.d coc~(tails at Gener_ Cl ·rk 1 uqrters. h.t J 330 honrs GcnPral 8 -r atter:ded a coc:dail suprer at t e officers club given by Col md 1~Trs .. Srr.i th and Col and ! r·-- • . . 1.. . Lyr:de ~ u~n 0 C -ir arr:l Vd - t hi <- f .='i Ci;;: at 07 t5 . o,1rs at •rrhich ti rr.b uener-- _ or~rd n t .-.io ore and B~ 1 rri bu1rd of onor ;a~ ~encr 1 C ar 1 oo d Ge Te j au~rt er ~ f or unch . GenAr 1 ~ore J eft 50 re. 5J O al vl rk op · the 1 e· endent s chool u :i__,r~l Le ;ic 0 ,. t 2t 1·"00 Ge .,_..,, 1-:: r e t S3 rece..:..ved a J.:.e c1")11.one C !1.7 .f r~ ~ J ~ _ \ r.s. H cntcrts.inea t ~ inrrr Gi:,n.r.u:1:1 ,..r~. ~nni s ".) , J S!dv~ 1-:1.t l'.73U tlL Cl ,rk._. ::.; !O"_e'J O i e' vir•, e C: O,>and "S .. .. i fto 11 , 1 thR . .:_tc 1e s , and ~fajor. r alt ,-,nc J ac c3.r l eir wives s:_, T.::7"B : 1s;c i th ., ::~ _ I-e,viE: c.n ·o~ ~ e st FOR T MO JROE - 6 SEPTE"/BER 1950 - General Cl ark arrived :1.t his office at 0815 hours. He saw Colonel Carpenter, G-l, and then called Generals Brooks and Haislip in Washington. At OSDO hours he saw General ·trilliams about t h e reopening of the Post hospital . At 1000 he saw Lt Colonel John _tanley on the visit of General Parker, Provost ~\iiarshal General of the Army. At 1030 he aw General Beasley and Colonel Lowe on a new rifle being developed by the British and Americans. At 1130, Al Schwabacher of San Franci co arrived from New York or a visit of a few hours. rr. Schwabacher lunched at the General's quarters Returnin~ to he office, the General attended to ro utine office matters and at 16oO hoH~~J~itH a team sent from the ~urgeon General s office and Second Army reference reopening the Post hospital. At 1630 he talked with Karl Bendets en, Under : ecretary of the ArJ1y, with reference to thi s same subject. The General spent the evening at home. F'JRT '0 ROE - 7 SEPT"RlIBER 1950 - Gcnertl Clark arrived :3. t his office at 0830 hour,.. and savr Gener:il Parker, E [ r,f t h e Army, with Colonel Fitzgerald and Lt Colonel Manley At 0930 hours a Guard of Honor :'fas h eld for General Parker, and newly-arrived Major GGnera1. G.D. Shea (Inspector of Artiller--<J) and Yajor General J. O'Danie, (Inspector of Infantry) . At 1000 the General in sp e cted the new inspectors section and at 1210 entertained at l unch in his quarte r s Generals Parker and O'Daniel and Colonel Fitzgerald and fanley . He returned t o the offi ce at 1320 and conferred with Gen eral 0 1 Daniel. At 1340 Gern:~ral Charle s Bolte of G-3, D/ 4- 1 called at the office to pay his respects. ~t 1500 the General had hi picture ~aken with 11 �veterans of Salerno prec:ent on the Post. Cr lonel D. J Bailey called to say goodbye. He is leaving to go to California to join t :-ie . . Western Coast Defense Com~and. The General ,returned to quarter. at 1710 and in the evening took Gen-ral Shea to a reception for newcomers on the Post at the Officers Club at 1830. Approximately 600 attended the reception and buffet supper FORT WNROE-WASHINGTON - 8 SEPID.IBE 1950 - General Clark departed Langley Field at 0815 for \ ashington He saw General Collins, c/s , at 1130. He lunched 1rl th Generals Collins and Haislip, and then spent abo ut one and one-half hour talki.~g with General Huebner who just returned from Germany. General Clark returned to Fort :Monroe at 1500 hours and started packing for his trip to EUCOM. FORT !!.m ROE-EUCOM - 9 to 22 SEPTEl·B R 1950., (Data obtained from fajor Gene al General Clark and party - consL ting of fajor General J. P. Sullivan , Brig. General Wayne C. Zimmerman, Colonel John P. Eckert, Colonel Normando A Costel o, Colonel W. D. Smith, Colonel ~ilhel~ Pl Johnson, Colonel Ne s on M. Lynde, Jr, Lt. Col. 1Til iam A. Cunningham and Colone Frahk G. Trew, from OCAFF, as well as two Air Force officers - departed Langley Field at 06oO hours and new to Stevenville , Newfoundland, arriving there at 1420 hours. A defective elev~tor on the plane in need of repair delayed the departure three hours, during which time the party toured the field and were shown all courtesies by the Commanding Officer , Lt. Colonel Rosenbaum. The group went over wartime projects, looked over the R-29 groups, and at 1700 hours took off. 'Ihe flight was smooth, but overca t unti l reaching Shannon Airport at Limerick, Ireland a·t 0730 hours, 10 September. 'Ihe plane was checked, gassed, and then took off for Frankfurt, Germany, arriving there at 1315 hours, circling the field for 15 minutes prior to landing. General Thomas Handy, Lt . General \Ir . S. Eddy, and .. fajor General Daniel ~oce met the plane. The press was also on >iand and new phases of training were discuqsed and plans for developing divisions from the ground for nine months were elaborated. J., P., :'ullivan, QM of Fort t onroe) The group then went to the Group House a~d on into Frankfurt. An Honor Guard was held for General Clark at 0830 hours, 11 September, and a drill by a co ored detachment, which proved very original and fine. Toe soldiers were well dressed, performed well, and the uniforms were excellent. They wore a b ue qcarf , and down through the center of the scarf was a crease , which improved the appearance. Also the white lacing . and the uniform method of lacing added much to the appearance. A briefing was then held at the c:: tadt House. Tne maps used -were new and different, t opographical features were shown in colors. '!he briefing lasted about one and one-half hours. General Clark's departure was adv1nced to Wednesday morning at 0800 hours The school quarters at Darmstadt was proving a controversial one, whether or not its continuance was justified Inspections continued and on the 13th the group departed Heidelberg for Darmstadt Genera Eddy accompanied General Clark. Darmstadt ~roved a school in fine condition 'QuartermasterSchool) al.tho it was an aclm01vledged f act that the man behi~d the helm was a Lieutenant Colonel, not the Colonel in charge. The group then inspected the Adjutant General school , presided over by a Brig General Fitch T.ae activities were well presented. The group then went over to the 1~ar Dogs Platoon, connnanded by a Captain Kulp , who had served under General Sullivan in 5th Army. General Clark returned to the Frankfurt airport where he was met by two civilians from LIFE magazine who were appointed to cover t ·,e General s trip One was Mr ~ Martin O'Neil, ·Frankfurt Press Center, APO 757, and he had secured authority from Gem:.ral Joseph Cannon to make the tripe The 13 September,to visit Darmstadt, thence to Berlin and over to Vienna. �( General discussed with these men the purposes of the ground forces, what their mission was, etc T'ne trip to Ber-Lin took one hour and 15 m· nutes, and arriv:i....-1.g at the large airport, the party was met by General axwell D. Taylor and Colonel Daniels. A Guard of Honor ~as present 'Ihe General went all over Templehof and then out to the American Headquarterc- for additional honors. It all was impressive The troops were lined up for a di0tance of about 200 fards, and between the four members of General Clark's group marched Honore were rendered and then a group of American soldiers on orseback paraded in revie·v. The group then went to the VIP Club on Lake Wannsee where Secretary ..v1arsha 1 and the General had met for discussion of American policy prior to the Moscow conference General Clark and eneral Sullivan lunched wit._~ two air of icers, one of whom conmanded Templehof Airport, the other a member of a Security Commission. Folloving lunch, General C ark toured Berlin, going first to the farshall Plan Building erected by EGA, then down into the Ru sian area. In thi:: latter area, the "'vreckage of wa was uncleared, the people dirty and ragged, and hundreds of women doing l aboring work in the ruins, digging out brick~ cleaning away cobble, etc He then toured the m3in governmental p~rt of Berlin, then down to the Hotel Adlon, which was a wreck, into the Reichstag, and back to ·headquarters for a briefing by General Taylor. The Soviet forces to the East number about six armies, about 33 divisions - a tota perhaps of 338 ,OOO men., Following the briefing, the General went to General Taylor s home where he spent the night. At 2000 hours a formal dinner was held for about fourt en guests~ Included were the French High Conmissioner and his wi e, Colonel and Mrs. Daniels, a Navy Cq:tain who was head of Naval Intelligence at Rhine-'ain headquarters, the British High Commiss oner and one or two other guests , as well as a tate Department man and his wife, named Jones, just in from Trieste, the Italian Consul General and his wife, who is an merican oman from Chicago and during the war an inmate of a Jewish concentration center near Turkey. .L The main point is that the Russians want the Ruhr Germany, even in the east, is essentially capitalistic and not communistic, but until they know where they stand, should t~e Russians advance, they will bow their heads and take this wave of Russian on their backs. The Taval Attache stated it was po~sible to get the infantry for some 30 divisions from German manpower, that we could support them with artillery¢ '!here seems to be little agreement bet.ween British and French There is also agreement that the Germans will fight com·runism and they do r ot wish a police state. They are interec::ted in lmoving if they will be armed, and when this decision is made, who will supply their arms. Becau e of their heavy industry> this is a most important ue tion. On the whole, it was agreed that this expenditure may cost some 20 bil ion dol ars before we were through. General Tay or talked on inte nal troubles and the things the Soviets want. The industrial output of Germany is on the upward trend, and this is the thin that the Soviets desire. About 2300 hours the group had cof ee and at midnight the General retirede General Clark arose early and b eakfasted at 0600 hours and departed for Templehof Airport, airborne at 0730 hours The trip to Vienna went down the corridor, then over 1"11nich and into Tulln Airport. As a matter of security, the plane was dispatched to Wels after the passengers got off. Lt. General Geoffrey Keyes and General Ir\vin met the plane at 'fulln, with an Air Force guard of honor. General Paul Kendall, Colonel Werner, Genral Frye, Colonel Hines a f'O were there. General Clark went to the Bank Building, headquarters for U S. Forces in Au tria, for a...viothtSr gu rd of honor. He then went into the Commanding General's office and was brie ed on general situations and lunched in his former dining room After inspecting troops, there was a press conference in the Oval Room of the Hotel Bristol Lined up in front were first the America.vi corre~pondents, and then the Communist correspondents Colonel L Iulhall, PID, presi ed. Interpreters were provided so that all questions were translated into t'1e German J anguage General c- ark m-ide a brief speech telling the correspondents what his job was and the limitations of it, and asked them to confine themselves to that particu ar angle This the Communists did not do. At 18 O hours General and Mrs. Keyes hosted at a cocktail party to which were invited the Austrian dignitaries such as President of Austria Dr. Renner, �Chancellor F.i.gl, the ,r ayor of Vienna, and Foreign Minister Gru er; all commissioned officers stationed in Vienna, plus important 4rnerican citizens and top officials The reception ended at 2000 houre at which time there as a seated dinner for selected guests General Keyes precided as Toastmaster. A little before th~ dinner, out~ide the hotel, about 100 youths in years ranging from 12 to 20 gathered, sponsored by the communists, and shouted "Clark go home t Clark go home\" General Cl;::irk walked out upon the porch, looked over the entire gathering, smili:-- d at them, and aid 'r\'' lell, at least I am glad you remember met" t 2 00 hours, with police escort, General Clark went to the Franz-Josef Railroad Station and departed in General Keyes' private train for the Salzburg area s Captain Bradley was the aide on the train. First stop was at We s and Gener.91 Clark detr.-.iine at 0800 hours, 15 September A Guard of Honor was held, and Generals Kendall and Marston took the General through the tactical installations in that are~. Genera l Cl ~rk then flew to ~alzburg in a C-53 , and cubbed over the mountains to tactical units That evening there was a cocktail party and dinner starting at 1830 hours The dinne:r was in the Ca alier Jouse outside ~alzburg. At 2300 hours Genf: ral Clark boarded the train and started for Hinterstoder. General Clark arrived qinterstode1 abo .rt C200 hours, 16 September. Two aegers met General Clark and he went hunting with them 1he others repar ed to the Joach1.m illa - where General Clark had his hunting lodge during his tour of duty in Austria - to get it ---rganized for the General's ~tay During the day Captain and 1rs Bernard W Rogers arrived to see the General At 1300 hours General Clark went fishir:.g with Jaeger Kniewasse1 and. Jaeger Baumschlager returning about 1730 hours. The General dined about 1830 hours and retired early. Frau Joachim, owner of the villa, arrived from Holland earlier in the evening, and General Clark saw her brief y, qt vrhich time ~he stated he felt the American g vernment should pay her more for her lodge. She was getting 250 Sch.llings per montt.. The next morning, 17 September at 09?0 hours, General C &rk went to the Church, after first laying flo ers on the grave of the elder Jaege _niewasser In rather solemn procession the party proceeded to the spot where the ceremony of receiving money for new bel s for the Hint6rstoder Church - gift from Cardinal Spellman through General Clark - wou d be held First t e Burgermeister spoke, then eneral Clark. He presented the check in the amount of $577 to the priest. 'Ihe priest responded to this gift, the ban played, 8Jl General Clark turned over a spadeful of dirt, and a school to be named The Gene al Clark School was started. Then the Jerman band played a hardly-recognized version of StarSpangled Banner C4RE packages were di~tributed, and slovrly General lark and party went down the road to the train, departir..g Hinterstoder at 1000 hours, arriving els at 1130, where they were met by Generals Keyes and M ston then boarded the plane and took off down-through the Brenner Pass, circling Venice, and intc Udine , arriving about 1420 hours, where they were met by Major General John Hoge and his aide, and honors ere accorded by an Italian gu!3rd of honor 'Ihe p ty then drove to Trieste, arrjying about 1700 hours at !:axmillian• s Castle, where they were briefed by the Trieste taff About 5, '~00 troops (JSA) are in the Trieste area, 5,ooo ritish under General Airy, and 5,ooo Yugoslavs., Tle Question of what would happen in case of a Soviet advance was di cussed, and plans for ev cuation eing handed by Colone -P{ells, G-4. At 2000 hours General and 1rs~ Hoge were hosts at a dinner for General Clark and his staff, various officers on duty in the Trie ste area, a French official, and the Italian Consul to Trieste In the morn.irg, 18 September> after a Guard of Honor, eneral lark inspected troops and seeing fire from anti-aircraft batteri s~ The General then motored to Udine, arrivi11g there about 1230 and taking off for London to arrive at 1725 hours The eat~er ras perfect and England looked beautiful The? ane landed at Northolt Airport of the Royal Air Force, and was met by an Honor �Guard of Royal Air F'orce soldiers. 1t. General Brown john, representing the British Field Marshal , was on hand, as well as the American Military Attache. The General was drivei to 2 Park ~treet and quartered in the Government Hospitality House. After all formalities were over, General Clark met and dined with t Colonel and Mrs . Jack Nygaard, who were vi.siting in London, and then mtired early for a strenuous day ahead. 'lhe next morning, 19 September, at 1015 hours, Major General w. P. Oliver, Chief Army Instructor of the Imperial Defence College, came to take General Clark to the Imperial Defence Coll:ge. Upon arrival, General Clark was met by Admiral Sir Charles Daniel, the commandant. 'Ihe group then proceeded to the Assembly Hall where about 200 officers of all branches of the service were assembled to hear General Clark speak ., After a brief introduction, General Clark spoke for about 50 minutes, followed by a question period which lasted another 50 minutes. Admiral Daniel took General Clark and his party to lunch at the Senior United Service Club in Pall Mall. Those present were in addition General Oliver, General Gale, Colonel Kessinger and General Sullivan .. 'Ihere they were joined by Lt Colonel Fanshawe, aide-de-camp to Field Marshal Slim, who took the General to a prearranged appointment with Mr .. Shinwell, Mir:.1.ster of War . Mr Shinvrell was most cordial in his greeting, and discussed the general European situation and said that both England and France must contribute their quota to the Atlantic Pact ~ He inquired of the General if he was going to head the Atlantic Pact, to which General Clark replied he was not being considered. Mr . Shinwell did most o the talking and all about international problems ., He is a small man, keen and alert, making a favorable impression After this meeting, General Clark ~aw the directors of the British Army with Lt. General Richard N.. G~ . 'Iheir narr.es, in a.ddi tion to General Gale who directs the military trair{,nwere: Ma jor General Hull, director of staff duties; Major General Bovrnr, director of land and air warfare; lffajor General Redman, director of military operations; Brigadier Johnston, deputy director of military intelligence; Major General Scott, directer of signals; General Walsh, director of weapons development; irajor General Rawlins, director of artillery; Major Gereral Campbell, director of engineers ., That night Counsellor Julius C. Holmes of the .American Embassy gave a dinner for General Clark. Among those present were Field 1~arshal Slim, Robert Murphy, the ambasPador to Belgium, Captain Fowlkes of the Royal avy, Colonel Draper, Brigadier Strong, Admiral Connolly, Major General ewis , Colonel Kessinger, Commander Bill Jewell, Major General Kibbler and Lt. General Brovmjohn. Precedi..ng this dinner, General Clark visited Mrs. Holmes and the children. The dinner ended about 2300 hours and General Clark walked home, accompanied by General Sullivan and Ainbas~·ador Mlrphy., On 20 September, General Gale called for the General at 0930 hcurs and drove to Camberley to the Briti~h Staff College, J.rriving 1100 hours, where met by Major General Ward, the Commandant, whom the General had last seen at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on his trip there in June General Clark toured the school and made a talk to about 15() officers, follo• ,.ed by a que tion period, in which ground-air operations were stre~sed. About 1430 hours the group departed for London, arriving there about 1000 hours .. At 1945 hours there was a dinner in honor of General Clark and 1'.iajor General C. • de III., du Toit, Chief of the Gsneral Staff, Union Defence Forces, South Africa. Thi~ was an Army Council Dinner at 6rosvenor House. The morning of 21 September, General Clark and General Sullivan, togetber with General Gale and Colonel Kessinger, went to the Fighting Vehicles Proving Establishment at Chertsey, Surrey, which is a proving ground for the technical development of Brjtish vehicles and equipment. Tne officer in charge was General Clayton, who conducted the group over the establishment. General Clark departed at noon and at 1300 hours arrived at Headquarters of 3rd Air Division where.he was met by the conr.ander, Major General Johnson, a guard of honor, after which �General Clark in~pected the preroises. He was then briefed and later met Mr. James Far ey, who was on a European tour At 1430 eneral Clark boarded his plane . Because of inclement weather, the plane was routed through Iceland, where it landed about 2130 hours. At 2230 hours, the plane left Ice and and flew I,540 miles into Stevenvil e., New Found and. The plane laid over a few hours and then took off for Langley Field, arriving there 22 September, about 0900 hours 'Ihe General arrived :it the office at Fort Monroe at 1000 hours, when he was briefed on the Korean ituation He saw Generals Oxx and HalBey, and then went home to bed at 1130 hours .,, I * FORT AON ROE - 23 SEPTEf5BER 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0 830 hours. At 0930 hours he called eneral Collins and Genera.l Haislip. At 1015 General Brooks called from Washington. At 1030 hours the General went fishing, returning to the post abo~t 1830. He remained at home during the evening. FORT MONROE - 24 SEPT:-"..M ER 1950 - General Clark played golf with Colonel Carson , Fir garson and Eichorn. Remained balance of day and evening at home FORT }WNROE-W SHING'IDN - 25 • EPTE:iTBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0800 and at lOOC departed by car for ' ash· ngton , accompanied by Mrs. Clark rJ" A.SHI rGTO ~-PHILADELPHIA, PA. - 26 SFPTfi'i'rnER 1950 - General Clar·, with Mrs. Clark and St1;t. 'Yilliams, drove to Philadelph ia. and spent the even · ng arrlnight as guests of "fr. and Mrs. David Clarke at VIT rDSW 'EPT 'Ihe re was a qui et dinner at home with a few relRtives of the Clarkes 1 ·PHILADELPIITA-NEW YORK CITY - 27 SEPTEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to the Hotel Wi liam Penn for the Indiana Class of 33 Reunion and then drove to NY, arriv ng 1630 hours. He and Mrs. Chrk dine d with Ann, as well as Robert Christenberry ., * NElff YORK CI TY - 28 fEPTEMBER 1950 - General Clark worked on his speech until 1100 hours , then moved to the Waldorf Astoria Hotel . He called and talked with Ro ert Raymond, Charles Saltzman, Ca s Canfield, and then held a press conference 1830 in his suite At 1930 he att,-nded a cocktail party being given by the General Cable Corporation .. Host was J. F 1lcDonald, president At 2030 nours, the General addressed 2,000 members of the ational Security Indus trial Association in the grand ballroom of the Waldorf Astoria ., Present were all the secretaries of the armed forces, the under secretaries , the assistant secretaries, General Vandenberg and Admiral Sherman, and various other dignitar es of the Department of Defense At 2200 hours he attended a reception given by Radie Corporation of America. Bill Cl qrk came down from West Point for these gatherings N { YORK CITY - 2 S S-..P W •raER 1950 - Genrral Clark had an appointrr_ent at 1000 hours with Cass Canfield of Harper and Brothers. At 1130 hours, Mrs. Helen Reid of ~r �92 the New York Herald Tribune cal ed to ask him to spe k 28 October over the NY Herald Tribune For um of the ir, •hich he ace pted. At 1?30 hours the General had lunch with Ch~1r es Saltzman qt the University Club . Mrs . Clark lunched with i\nn at the Barbizon Hotel for hOraen. Then rnrc: . Clark and Ann attended a Paramount previev, show-ing of MR. MUSIC General Clark went on a tour of Paramount Studios at 16 5 hours to preview CAcSINO TO KOREA . At 1730 hours, Sam Cohen of Lit Brother~ , Philade phia, came for cocktails. At 830 General and .irs Clark ere gue~ts of Bill Robinson of NY Herald Tribune at the 21 Club . At 2000 hours General and trs . Cl1rk went to lladison Square Garden where they met General and Vrs . Harry Collins and. ·~ ttended a rodeo. t'E\"i YORK - WEST POI TT - 30 SEPTE1':JBER 1950 - eneral and Mrs Clark departed NYC at 0900 and drove to West Point where they lunched with General Bryant Moore and with General Salinas, 'exican Attache from the \[exican Army. 'Ibey went to the Army- Colgate footbalJ game and in the evening had dinner at the Sert Room at the Naldorf Astoria E1Y YORK. - FORT MO ROE - 1 OC'IDBER 1950 - General and :~1rs . Clark left NYC at 0900 hours and drove to Fort ~fonroe, arriving 1 730 hours. 'Ihat evening they at- tended a Mexican dinner at quarters of Lt Colonel and ..rs. Younts. FORT MONROE - 2 OCTOBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0740 hours . He was briefed on the war situation at 0810. At 13 0 he saw General Ferenbaugh, deputy commander of 3rd Army, enroute to take over a new command wi t,h RTC tr' it1.ing. At 1400 hours he sa;,;,r Major General H. L McBride, who is being assigned commandant of ~om.ma.nd 'General Sta f School at Fort Leavenworth A.t 1615 he saw Lt Colonel John ·ran12y and appointed him supervisor of the Officers Club .. At 1$00 hours he entertained members of the Permanent Joint Defense Board United 0 tate~ and Canada at a buffet-cocktail party at the Officers Club FORT ''ONROE - 3 0 TOB 19.5o - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours. At 0$00 he talked before the Joint Defense Board meetL~g. At lune at hi~ quarters he entertained General A. G • M.c faugh ton, C:a.nad · an, ffajor General R L . Wal sh and :~jor General Guy V. Henry. In the afternoon the ene al atten ed to ro1.. tine of ice matters , and at 1830 hours , with Mrs . Clark, attended a reception given by the Joint Defense Board at the Chamberlin Hotel I FOJT '~ONRO - 4 OC OBER 1950 - General Clar:< arrived at his office at 0820 hours and at 09)0 ca led General idgway in :fashington . He lunche at home and for a time watched the 1Vorld Series. He attended to routine office matters in the afternoon and in t~e evening attended a formal dinner at the home of Colone and Mrs . Myron Tauer FORT MONROE - "!NASH I GTO 1 - 5 DC ID BER 1950 - Mrs . Cl:1rk' s birthday . General Clark departed Langley Field at 0930 hours and arrived /la~hington at JOJO . He · nnn:-di9.tely ~aw Gener al .Anders, the Polish General in exile . At 1 230 he lunched with Genera.ls Hais ip a~d Ridgway . At 1400 he sav; General Coll ' ns~ At 1530 he spoke before · a �meeting of retired General officers of the rashington area on the results of his trip to Europe . They also were addrecsed by Mr . Pace and General Collins. At 1615 hours the General saw General George C. Marshall, the nev1 Secretary of Defense At 1700 hours he left ~J as:hington for Fort 1fonroe, arriving 1B05. He attended a dutch treat party given at hif: qua1'ters for Mrs. Clark. Those in attendance were Colonel :-md Mrs . Hai. ard , General and Mrs . Sullivan , General and Wxs . Ennis , Lt Colonel and Mrs Eichorn, Major and Mrs. Jaccard . FORT !\mNROE - 6 OCTOBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0815 hour s and saw Brig General Fred Butler , who was visiting this area He then c alled Cardinal Spellman about Montecassino Connnittee for Funds. He attended to ro1tine office matters and had General Butler at hi quarters for lunch. At 1 830 he and lt~rs . Clark attended a cocktail supper given by Colonel and Mrs . R. L. Cook ., FDRT W\NROE-NYC - 7 OC'IDBER 1950 - General Clark left Langley Field at 1000 aboard Ed Pauley s private plane and arrived JYC at noon . He attended the ~Vorld feries game as Edwin Pauley' s guest 'They then boarded Mr . Pauley' s special train and went to Philadelphia to see the Los Angeles Rams play Philadelphia Eagles '!hey remained overnight in Philadelphia PHILAD-SLPHIA-FOR T Tu OJROE - 8 OC'IOBER 1950 - General Clark returned to Fort tlonroe via Mr .. Pauley' s plane, arriving 1145 hour, at which time he and Mrs . Clark went fishing ey remained at home in the evening FDRT _WNROE-CAMP PICKETT, VA . - 9 OC1DBER 1950 - General Clark left Fort bnroe in a heavy rainstorm by car for Camp Pickett, arriving 1020 hours , having departed at 0735 hours . He inspected the l.i.)rd Division and made a short talk to all the officers of this division at a luncheon . He held a press conference at 1500 hours . He went to the Blackstone Ariport at 545 hours where his plane had flown in, and retnrned to Fort Monroe at 1630 hours He had General and Mrs . Harlan Hartness at ms quarters for dinner. FORT ~ONROE - 10 OCTOBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours. At 0910 General Adcock called reference a talk for Crusade for Freedom in Boston . At 0915 General C ark called Gemral Haislip At 0930 hours , Governor Battle of Vir _,inia called to compliment the General on hi s findings that the difficulties at Camp Pickett had been e aggerated. General Clark had a conference with G ener al Hartness at 1030 hours , and at 1045 conferred vrith Brig General T • Harrold . At 1100 he saw two representatives of the Air Force agazine , Mr . Ned Root and Bob Fleischer At 1330 General Clark returned to his office after luncheon a t home and talked over the telephone with General Collins . At 1345 hours , Miss Girson of the Saturday Revimv of Literature called General Cl~rk regarding publication of a review on his book in that magazine Gener~l Clark left the office at 1630 hours and took a walk . At 1730 General and Mrs . G. D. Shea called at the General's quarters. FORT ~Wl:ROE-FOR T JACKSQlT, SC - 11 OCTOBER 1950 - G~1Jeral Clark left Fort 1hnroe at 0830 hours by plane rriving Columbia, SC at lO?U hours . Civi l ian police es- �to corted the General/Fort Jackson. The General as given a 17-gun salute and reviewed a guard of honor. He met the ctaff of the 8th Infantr~ Division at their headquarters. He took a short ride around the post and lunched at the Officers Mess. In the ternoon he i nr,::pected all portions of Fort Jackson. At 1700 he held a press conference with Columbia, SC pressmen and representatives of the AP and UP wire services. At 1830 he attended an official dinner of about 37 persons, including the AG of the ~C National Guard. The Generalmade a short talk, after which he walked home. ·ajor eneral Chase, Deputy CG of the 3rd Arrfry, accompanied the General on his inspection of thie Fort . FORT JACKSON, SC - CA1\W POLK, LA - 12 OCTOBER 1950 - General ClArk left Fort Jackson at 0730 and arrivr d DeRitter AirField at 1230 . He was met by Major General James C Styron, CG of the 45th Division, a~d Lt General LeR . Lutes ., CG of the 4th Arrrry They arrived at Camp Polk at 1300 hours , where the General was given a Guard of Honor and a 17-gun salute . They lunched at the Officers Mess and spent the afternoon inspecting the 45th Infantry Division ., General Clark went through the overhead artillery fire. He had cocktail f at General Styron's quarters and dinner at the officers mess, after which he conferred with Generals Styron and Lutes and retired early CAMP POLK , LA - FORT MONROE - 3 OC'IDBER 1950 - General Clark addressed the asfembled officers of the 45th Division, including regimental and battalion commander~ , and the regimental and division staffs. He took off from Camp Polk at OSOO , l eft DeRitter Air Field at 0930 hours, lunched on board , and arrived Fort onroe at 1700 hours * FORT I'.'IONROE - 14 OCIDBER 1950 - General Clark went fishing at 0800 hours . He returned to his quarters a t 1400 hours. 'Va tched t he Army- i chi gan game on television Remained at home in the evening Fff T MONROE - 15 OC'IOB 1950 - General Clark played golf with General Zimmerman and Colonels Carson and Eichorn. He spent the rest of the day ,orking on his speech for the NY ~rerald Tribune Forum of the Air * FORT MO ROE - 16 OCTOBER 19.50 - General Clark arriv.ed at his office at 0755 hours , was briefed at 0815, and attended to routine office m1 tters . At 1100 he called General Shoe of the Armed Force Staff College at Norfolk, and at 1130 talked to General Ridgway, then talked to Admiral Hall at 1145. He lunched at home. At 1315 hours he smv General O'Daniel and at 1430 hours Major General J . M. Swing of the Army War College at Fort Leavenworth He tried to contact Edwin Pauley at the Mayflower Hotel in w·a . . hington but was unsuccessful . Mr Fra11k Anger called reference speaking before the Executive Club November 10, which the General accepted He remained at home in the evening . * * FORT !iONROE - 17 OCTOBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0725 hours . �qs At 0745 he called Judge Kichael Musmanno in Pittsburgh. He then took his gig Norfolk to make a speech at the Armed Force Staff College which was followed by a question period. At 1145 he returned to Fort Monroe and saw General Higgins who will coni-rnand the new Tactical Air Center at Fort Bragg, NC In the afternoon he played golf with Colonels Trew, Shcanaker and Eichorn to ( * FORT VO_ROE - 18 OCIDBE 1950 - This is the publication date for GeneriJ,. . Clark s book CALCULATED RISK He arrived at the office at 0730 hours . At 093070~"'eral Thomas F Hickey and 'ajor General John Wm. eonard arrived on the po t and were given a guard of honor At 101 hours he talked with General Zimn1erman on the EUCOM trip. He lunched at the Club with Generals Hickey, Leonard, Macon and Lawton In the afternoon he worked on his speech for Yorktown * FDRT MONROE-YORK'IOWN 19 OCTOBER 1950 General Clark arrived at his office at O O. He left Fort 1ronroe at 11 5 to go to Yorkto\"m where he arrived at noon and had cocktails at. the home of fir.and Mrs. George Blow., From there he went to Monument Lodge for lunch, then at 1415 hours revi 1 wed the p ~rade and spoke at 1430 hours , giving a 20-minute address for Yorkt01:m Day He then returned to Fort Monroe, arriving at 1600 hours here he met Mr an ~rs.., Ware Adams of ~tate Department w10 were his guests overnight, 1.x. Adams having spoken before the Fort Monroe ·. '"oman' s ub this noon At 1650 he and frs. Clark, and their house guests,attended Tu~e wedding and reception of Ann Tilton artd Major William Tu!ilroy at the Post Chapel General Clark toasted the bride and groom.. . Immediately after the reception the Generai and his guests returned to quarters * r O ?O OC v 1950 Gr- 1E:.r a Cl ::irk arrivec.i. ;:it t 1e offi ce at 0 8 0 hours ar.d t 0930 attended a liuar d c.t ,. onor for Gener al Clarence R . ue ner . He had Gener al Hue ner f r- r Junch t his ou rtcrc- ~nd retur ning to Vie o fic e attended to r outine matter~ unti lli30 hours wher. e revie •red the re ort o.f the t e am t hat had j ust returned from EG :·. He remained at 1ome in ths e ven.:.ng ~ FG:- ,K -1 - 1 -ILL SBUR - YL EING ON- 1 TISBURGH R :O TRCE/- 21 LCT,_ J:R 1950 - General and 'rs . Clark drove to .:i i !:l,...sburg, Vi r, · ni a, l eaviig t~e post ~t 1 30 tours . They atten1ed g l1nchccn gi ven ry t he L .;:ceJ sior Surgi c Cl ub.,, composed of doctors who had be en in t e -rediterranean '"lrea ~ They left , T iamsburg -::i.bou t 1500 hour ~ and r ove to .,3.shingt cn , DC .. ·bere t ey met C!:trter Barron o. . t h e lari ety Clubs Inter national at t e Hotel Car eton . Th -y depgrte d !- sh-'.ngton for Pi ttsburg a t 11 pm on the B&O ai 1 road. PI TTSBUR r , P 2? 0 'ID ~-.R 9.50 Genf-ra.1 :md , rf' . Clark ere .et at the railroad station a t 1300 hours by the ~·ayor 311.d 3. reception coIT11:;i tte e fr orn the Variety Clubs . They were taken tc t e pre . . i den ui~l ii t - at the :rotel 'Nilliam Penn where there · as hel d a c-eri e s o receptions honori r g Gener 1 Clar k . ~IE J11ride a t elevision appear an e md h3d t- -') ra i 0 i nt-rviFrs . Tri t'-ie fternoor , Ge ....er1l C ark..,rorked n 11i s sneech , eci rl..i.ng -:i ga i nst at t enl"iing t he foo t ball e;a..e hetv{e n the hil ~de phi o i,agl _rc1 the BaJ t i rrore 2rioles . it 1 700 ho rs he "ttended a c ocktai p'.l r ty and receuti on a.n a t 18 attenced th e bma1 e ~!V'l'iere r e ,,ras trie nri Lc .:.-011 sneaker f or t ""P ariety Cl ub s Iritcrr - tio,...a CC\cri g 11i s n i ssi cn n d the t r a inir g of Arr-y Fj eld Fcrce s e �P ' T.....BURG:I-FC':--~T ~ONROE - 23 C 950 - rnrra nd . rs. C .s.r k tv the mi mi 5 "'t tr~ir: for rar:-hirigt n, DC. ... .. e Ciener1l ~ a:::- s f'fering from a evere co d .. .1. ey !:)rr~· v d ···a"'11ington at 0800 hour nd drov rom there to ort ·~onroe, arriving at i5 hours . The -eneral spent the day ::it ½ome tre r1t; ng riis co d and in t'.le eve. irg . rent to the quarters f t olone1 n " s . John ill for inner . L RT rmrnoE - 2 "__,Tr'B::... 19.s'-O - Gi=--n ril vlar1< ar1 i ved at his of ice at 0800 ho 1 rs an conferred with Colon -1 :Jasher of fILi at 0900. He cal ed Cass Canfie d at 0° .. 0, and at 0930 sa'rColonel .ichey, 1 G Sec ti. on . He t en talked on t e tele""'hone to Cass C:1Y i'ie d , Char- es SaJ tzman, ",il iam obinson an :=1 a : ogan, al in ~ C. f•l-er un\,; at is quarte s , he returr ed t0 t e of-f'j ce and tal ~ed w·:. th G0 ner :~idg1ray rho ca le from .:ra hington. :J'ter work~ he ·al ed to Buckroe &ac 0 exerci c:-e , nd after d ' nner sa· .,.rs . v_:rk off on ":he Cape Char es boat enroute to TYC, ..1. FO."T ·•r-rr :'Z- ~": 0 H rGTOI'-1-NY - 5 CTOBE... 950 - Gener..,l CJ 1.r1- depn.rted Langley Air hel at 0945 h'"',,rs ardvin ras.,ington, :JC at 0h5. I:e sto ped to see ½is mot er and t11en ·er to tlie ~ yflo,-er ]ote to p:lrtake in t e :htion':l lru'1rc c nvention ~ e unched · ith t e :9rec-ide11t of t e 1JG Associ'-ition., ··~ jor ene:cal ~l ard Wals • At 1 00 h addressed t e I.,.~ convention, pea 1<:in6 .:'or about SO minutes . He the1 .. rode to he :1tional 'irport vi th :1 rvin Smith of :.:unc:.e , Iri i.·ma , 1.nd too c of .':o N ~r k irpor arriving 1615 . .,.e rrived at the .... 3.ldorf storia Lo tel, and at 13 ? the. uenPral and Hrs. C1 '1r~ , k'n qnd Bi had dinn r as the guests of 3i. 1 tcbi.nson of the Ty TTnrald ri une, t0 ~et er with ~ rgaret Hig 0 ins '\. t 100 e p3rticip ·=i ted in t F He ·a1 d Tr ibuLe ForCTn o~ t1e ~i, discu~sing mobilization and trqining of a citizen army . t ~as a 5-ntl.nute sp ech on a n!:ltion· 'de hookup. Fo o••ing thic- pro ram, he attended t'1e rece:ption given by ~·rs. Helen eid for t1e ~pe a er s of the Fo m IT•,l YO~~ CL. - ?6 JC u13E 195o - ueneral Ll rk ::irose at OSX)O our-: and "alked o er to .arper and 3rothers to see ! r. Cass C-:ir•f .ie d . :Ie returned to thE' hotel and ther.. te .ep oned o ert a., .c . and Cl1. 1.r1 es Ea. tzir.an . Ie lu c ed i th Bill Robinrnri at the 21 Club, and after a s~1ort nap qt his hoteJ, called t see ~o"'r Ho· rard of ~c rippsHo ard u ,l; c3,tirins . At 7-::,,0 ur~ he had J y Lovestone in for cockt"iJ s as ,;el 1 as Robert and ocs t"~~ond. ~t lSDO he an re • C 1rk and 1 n dined at eonie's OEK vil - 7 OC'If' ~R J950 - er~· vl r 1.-: talk,d ov ✓r the telephone ·it,. He en -Le i d of JY Her d Tribune. He lunche ri th Art ur H ~ Sul z er 5 er of t e i '""les in his of ice. ternoori he aut" :rap ed books. n t e evenintS, Gener ru.1.d ' 1r,... Clar< ,..,,., nn h d · rr er ,.i th en r _ A.n r..rs .. Ch· rles ·a tzman ~t th3 ho11 e o ... rs ., al tzman s brother. 1ey theP ..1tte ed \.1. :"fIRS rF ~T TE i th Celeste Fol.mes in lea ~0Je. Tickets h~~ bc;r obta~ ~e y El. Lo an . ~ ter the show, the [;rO',P ·· ac :.rvi ted to C 11 21 y .w n. t,I:iT \I I\ "" YORK C T'l - 2 OCTO.ER 15~ - enera rs . C "r rroved from ·Le J~ do f 1 to th'"' ~i.ote CcniI!1odor6 T\,., Gener aw Ca.,.s Canfie d :i.---id lune d 2g1.in " ·r 1 obinc ., :-t t'--e ?J Cluh. In the t rnoon he •·; tched the Army-Co u. bia bame on te evision i his hote1 room t 7 0 a reception ms gi,. the Co_one : ancis -✓igo \meric n lPginr1 Post onoring enr.r-:i C ark and r. Howard :cGratt, the btt.orney en-r 1, nd i~r :nyder., the :ecretary oft e Trea~c1rer. Ho-=-ts were Ju gc ao nd Irving G ist ~ Gener lj rk pre"'ented tl"'e Arn ricgr~ I q ; i rin ' d ~ d �M:cGrath or outstanding ~ervice. he General was t e principal speaker for the occasion r-a lier in the afternoon , Gcner'.l Clark had Sam Chapman, of Ceil Chapman Go'l)\ms, for drinks. * NEW YO CITY - 29 OCTO ER 1950 - Gener::1. and ~frs ., Clark went to the Third Christ :::'cience C urch for Pervices this ::norning. They lu ched i.."'1 tovm and then moved to the Hote Astor. In the ev~ming , General nnd ~~rs . Clark, Ann and i ajor Jaccard wer guests of 1Tr. an ~{rs . C1.rlop gro for dinner at the Ve s vio I tali.an Restaurant* Others in ttendance were Commissioner arid ,•:rs. Shaughnessy& Prior to dining, General C ark entertained at co ktails i..--i his hotel the members o his in.spection team for Fort f'evens - t Colonels Nichols, Spra ins, Vajor Deems, the ilots !fajo ,rig it an LL Leese, and - iebc-ter ( Bud) Port r _rr;,: YORK CITY - FOR DEVE1TS/30 OC'ID E 19.50 - ener~l CL-u·k left the 11.otel at 0830 hours and took off from Trwark .l.irport at 0930, -:irriving Fort Devens at lOhO. He was wet by ·~ajor Generil Woodru::f of First Army and Brig. General Char es F .. Colson , commandin or Devens. en°rg,l Cl1 k in Ppccted installations of fae Fort and at 1_500 hours retl rned to EY. He dine .vi. th ,tr .. CL:.rk and Ann and then saw CALLH.i: MAD/JIB 1 e NE,l YOPX-: RT r O ffiOE - 31 OCTOBER 1950 - eneral Cls.rk left his hotel at 1100 hours and mst General L·senhower at 1130~ He drove ack dovmtmm with General Ei enhower rrivinc at the Astor Hotel at noon to address a Bok and Author Club uncheon, soonsored by the NY Herald Tribune , with about 1500 in attendance - book dealers, seller~ critics, etc Somer et I,au harn and :Smi y Kimbrough also were guests on the prograrr. Immediately following the program, Gene a Clark took off from Ter:ark Airport and arrived •ort fonroe about 16 .5 hours. He rerr,.ained 8.t home in the eveni FORT ·~m;R0~ - 1 r~OVEl:B 1950 - General Cl-=?.rk 3rrived -,t his office at 0830. A.t 085 ~ ne met , rs. .,lark who rri ved fro'rl TYC by rail and boat* He attended to ro 11tine o .fice rng,tters and remained 1t or:-ie in the evening . F RT "0 JR.OE - 2 NOVEJiBER 19.50 - !~r. Joe 'Usop, ne ,c:paper columnist g,nd rriter, arrived at Gener~l Clark's office at llli.5 ours. He unched at the General s quarters. Mr .. Alsop had come do•·m to see the Genera regarding c::ome answers to riuestions ased on his tiNo m nth stay in Korea.. At 1830 Genera~. Willis ::). Crittenberger, CG of 1st Army was guest of the C 1rks for cocktaiJs and dinner . FORT ~,:v TROE - 3 CN W,IBE 1950 - General Clark had a uard of Honor for General Cri ttenberger and :~ajor ene ql 1. J. '.Tr1i tlock> ne r CG 0f the i\rmy General School at Fort Riley, Kansas. Colonel Pol ack , retired, vrho had lmovm eneral C ark at Fort ewis previo11.s y, cal ed to pay his res9ects. 1\t 000 ener9.l Clark saw members of the EUCO: inspection tea1r and revie-vV d their repcrt He played golf in the afternoon . �FORT ~mNROF-FORT BEL VO , VA. - 4- NOVZ:TBE 1950 - General Clark spent the morning at h:. s office and then 1 eft for :F'ort Bel voir by 1- 7, pi oted by 1 a ·or Osvml t. He arrived at liO hours Pnd took a review of 10.,000 troops stationed at the Fort. He decorated three soldiers with the bronze star. I.eft Belvoir at 1515 hours arriving 7 7 hours At 1730 he and ,rs . Cl!:trk had 23 guests for cocktails at quarters ~md t 8 0 went to the Club for a reception inaugurating the forma opening of the Casem.qte Club. A dinner and dance follovred., * FORT EONROE - 5 NO/EMBER 1950 - General C -:irk spent foe day at his quarters . FORT :'D.,.ROE - 6 NOVE!•, BER 1950 - General Clark arrived :=it his o · fice at 07h5 hours. At 1 0 hours he made a broadcast for 7TE Tr ri PTi'OPL:C, and gt 1 30 was televised by the GI Journal f or a National Te evision . ookup ., At 14 0 he attended a top secret bria ing on ong-rai.1 e Russian potentialities. He spent the evening at home. FORT MONROE - 7 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and saw Canadian Liaison Officer Major William Milroy at 0$00. At 1030 a. Guard of Honor was hela for Rear Admiral Briscoe, new commandant of Little Creek Amphibious Base. The General spent the remainder of the morning working on the report of the Rolfe team from FECOM. In the afternoon he played golf ,vith Generals Macon and O'Daniel and Colonel Carson. He spent the evening at home. This afternoon at 1440 hours Mrs. Clark departed by train for Indianapolis. * * * FORT MONROE-INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA - 8 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark left Fort Monroe at 0830 hours and new :t,o Indianapolis, Indiana, landing at Stout Field in bad weather. He was met by the commanding officer of Indiana Military District and went to the residence of Dr. and Mrs. Charles O. McCormick. The General rested in the afternoon, then drove about Indianapolis, took a walk, had dinner at the McCormicks' and retired reasonably early. On the plane General Clark was accompanied by the following OCAFF officers: Colonel O. A. Axelson, G-3; Lt Col R. B. Spragins; G-3; Lt Col William Preston, G-3, and Lt Col L. T. Bondshu, QM. * * * * INDIANAPOLIS-C.AMP ATTERBURY, IND. - 9 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark left Indianapolis at 0730 hours and arrived Camp Atterbury 0830, 30 minutes ahead of schedule. He immediately went to 28th Division headquarters where he talked with Major General Daniel B. Strickler until the Guard of Honor was ready at 0900 hours. General Clark and party toured tfilidpost in jeeps. Temperature was 33 degrees with raw wind. At noon the Genera.qparty lunched on the post, and General Clark met retired Lt. General John C. H. Lee, who was visiting Camp Atterbury that day. General Clark and party left the post at 1530 hours and went directly to the McCormicks' residence in Indianapolis where he attended a small cocktail party attended by Dr. C. o. McCormick and ·wife (junior), Irving Lemaux and wife (junior). 'Iha group dined downtown returning to the McCormick residence Lillllediately afterwards to hear General Clark's broadcast on WE 'ffIE PEOPLE. Mrs. Clark left Ind±anapolis for Muncie by car with William and Agnes Ball, departing about 2200 hours. * * * * �9i INDIANAPOLIS-CHICAGO-MUNCIE - 10 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark left Indianapolis at 1000 hours and new in a snowstorm to Chicago, landing at the Municipal Airport where he was met by Lt. General S. J. Chamberlin, CG 5th Arm:,, and the president of the Exe cu tive Club of Chicago, Thomas H. Coulter. General Clark delivered a talk to over 1,000 assembled members of the Executive Club at the Hotel Sherman. '!here he saw a number of his Chicago friends, including Robert Wood, Nathan Cumnings. He left Chicago at 1430 hours and landed at Muncie at 1530 hours. Upon landing, he went immediately to the office of Marvin Smith at the Muncie Gear Works. From there he went to Margaret Ball Petty's home where he aid Mrs. Clark and Major Jaccard were house guests. ~ There the General changed clothes and had dinner at the Pettys 1 with Ruth and Marvin Smith, Mrs. Petty's son and daughter-inlaw, and daughter and son-in-law. After dinner General and Mrs. Clark went to the home of Mrs. R. c. Stone (Ruth Smith's mother) where a reception was held for about 150 friends of the Clarks. - * * * * MUNCIE, INDIANA - 11 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to the Mu-1cie Country Club at 1130 hours to try to play golf. 'lhe temperature was 26 degrees. He played golf with Marvin Smith and had lunch at the Muncie Club about 1,00 hours. At 1730 hours he went to the home of Judge Davis for a cocktail party of the Clarks' Muncie friends. Following this party, he went to the home of William and Agnes Ball for dinner, following this to the home of Cassius McCormick for a drink. * * * MUNCIE-FORT LEONARD WOOD, MISSOURI - 12 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to a brunch at the home of Mrs. R. C. Stone, given by Ruth and Marvin Smith. Following this, the General took off .from the Muncie Airport for Fort Leonard Wood, departing 1330 hours and arriving at 1500 hours. He toured the post with Brig. Gere ral Frederic B. Bitler. At 1900 the General had cocktails with Gem ral and Mrs. Butler, Colonel Wells, and the Post Comnander and his wife. Dinner was served at General Clark's quarters, attended by the Post Commander and his wife. General and Mrs. Ibtler were hosts. * * * * FORT LEO NARD WOOD, MO - LOS ANGELES, CALIF. - 13 NOVEMBER 1950 - -General Clark toured the Fort and made further inspections and took off at 1100 hours. At 16oO hours he landed at Kirtland Air Force Base at Albuqu~rque, N.M. where he was met by Brigadier General Mills. He departed Kirtland at 1630 hours and flew to Los Angeles in poor weather, landing at 2010 hours. Mrs. Clark landed United Airlines at 2030 hours at the same airport. They were met by Colonel Sidney Dunn Comnanding Fort MacArthur, and Jack B. Beardwood. They drove to the Palos Verdes Estates where General and Mrs. Clark were guests of the Beardwoods. The group had some drinks and the General cooked some scrambled eggs for supper. * * * * LOS ANGELES - 14 NOVEMBER 1950 - General and Mrs. Clark toured Palos Verdes Estates with Frank Vanderlip, Jr. and Jack Beardwood. In the afternoon the General rested and in the evening Jack Beardwood gave a dinner party at the Portugese Cl ub honoring General and Mrs.Clark. At 2130 hours, General and Mrs. Clark left the Beardwood home and went to Beverly Hills to the residence of Edwin Pauley where they were guests for the night. This day also General C1 ark had an appointment with Darryl F. Zanuck at the 20th Century-Fox Film Studio. * * * * LOS ANGELES - 1.5 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark had a series of appointments t~is �too day. In the evening Mr. Pauley entertained about 40 people at a dinner, including Sam Goldwyn and Harvey Firestone, Jr., and regents of the University of Southern California. * * * LOS ANGELES-CAMP COOKE-SANTA MARIA, CALIF.- 16 NOVEMBER 1950 - At 0745 General Clark left the Pauley residence and took off at 0840 hours by plane for Camp Coo~8 • 'lhere hewas met by Major General Huddelson with a Guard of Honor. He toured the post and lunched at the Division Officers Mess. At 1630 hours Mrs. Clark was to have landed at Camp Cooke in Mr. Pauley' s private plane, but weather conditions were p6or and the pilot delivered Mrs. Clark to the wrong airfield and she arrived 1730 hours, at which time the party started driving to Fort Ord. Weather condition was very bad and General Clark's party stopped at Santa Maria, California for the night - at Santa Maria Inn. (At Camp Cooke, OCAFF officers joined General Clark: Colonel R. L. Cook, Colonel A. F. Kingman, Lt Col R. B. Spragins and Major R.E. Deems.) * * SANTA MARIA-FURT ORD, CALIFORNIA - 17 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Cl.ark and party left Santa Maria Inn at OSOO and arrived Fort Ord at 1110 where they were met by Major General Robert Frederick and a Guard of Honor. General Clark toured the post in a slight drizzle until 1630 hours. At lSQO General Clark and :i;arty had dinner at the quarters of General and Mrs. Frederick, in M:>nterey. Later in the evening General Clark became ill from ptomaine poisoning. * * * * FURT ORD-SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA - 18 NOVEMBER 1950 - In very bad weather, and feeling quite ill, General Clark left Fort Ord at 0900 hours, having decided it would be impossible for him to attend the Army-Stanford game and the party before · the game given by Mr. Robert R. Gros at Palo Alto. General Clark drove to the Hotel Fairmont where he was met by Benjamin Swig, arriving at 1100 hours·. He inmediately :went to bed and called a doctor from Letterman General Hospital to treat him. He listened to the Army-Stanford game over the radio. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 19 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark remained in bed. Bill Clark, who had attended the game, came to the hotel and had lunch. At 1830 hours the General got up and went to General Wedemeyer's quarters where a reception was held for El number of people. After the reception, General Clark returned to the Fairmont Hotel and had dinner at the Papagaya Room with the proprietor, A1 Williams. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to headquarters Sixth Army where he was given a Guard of Honor. He attended a briefing with General Wedemeyer and then left the Presidio to call on Dr. Loren Roscoe Chandler, Stanford Medical School. He returned to his hotel where he rested during the afternoon, still feeling unwell. That evening General Clark awarded the Charter to the Presidio Chapter of the Sojourners Club at the Presidio Officers Club. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 21 NOVEMBER 19,0 - General Clark went to Letterman General Hospital where he was operated on for removal of the tear duct in his left eye. He then attended a staff briefing by Hq Sixth Army. General and Mrs. Clark had lunch with Paul c. Smith at his apartment, cocktails at the Chandler residenee, and dinner at the home of Mr.and Mrs. Albert Schwabacher, Senior. * * * �to l SAN FRANCISCO - 22 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark played golf with Dr. L. R. Chand.le r and in the evening had dinner with Colonel and Mrs. J. M. Pesek at the Presidio. * * * SAN FRANCISCO' - 23 NOVEMBER 1950 - Thanksgiving. General Clark played golf in the morning with General Leonard Heaton and Colonel Pesek. In the evening · he and Mrs. Clark drove to Blrlingame for dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. George Cameron. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark returned to Letterman Hospital for treatment of his eye. He inspected the Joint Operation Center - Army-AirNavy - at 1030 hours. At 1100 hours he toured Letterman Hospital and awarded to certain patients two bronze stars and five purple hearts. He saw over 250 Korean casualties, among whom was Captain Robert L. Cody, formerly in Hq of Vienna. General Clark lunched with General Heaton at his quarters, and then returned to the Hotel Fairmont where he worked on his speech before the Press Club. In the evening he was picked up by Colonel Carroll Peeke and taken to the Press Club. Mrs. Clark had dinner at Omar Khayyam's. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 25 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark left his hotel at 0800 hours and drove to HaJl'lilton Ai?f>rce Base where he was met by General Wedemeyer and General Fitzhugh, retired. He took off by plane for Kirtland Airforce Base, arriving 1700 hours, where he was met by General Mills and stayed for the night. * * * * COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO ( CAMP CARSON) - 26 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark left Kirtland Air Base at 0800 hours and arrived Colorado Springs where he was met by Brig. General Walter Hess. He went i:mmedia.tely to the Broad.moor Hotel where be was met by Mr. Thayer Tutt, owner of Broadmoor enterprises. General Clark played golf with Colonel Carson and Colonel Cole of OCAFF and with Mr. Tutt. Other OCAFF officers who were at Carson were Major Deems and Lt Col C. E. Oglesby. General Clark returned to the hotel at 16oo and entertained General and Mrs. Hess and General Cooper Smith (Major General A. C. Smith) JX!G 5th Array, at supper in his suite at the Broad.moor Hotel. (For cocktails preceding dinner General Clark entertained retired Generals Griswold, Johnson, Gil & Finley. Also OCAFF Officers rlfu~G~~~) * * * * COLORA!X) SPRINGS-ENROUTE TO FORT MONROE - 27 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to Camp Carson where he received a mounted Guard of honor and full battalion Guard of Honor from the 14th RCT. He inspected thi:: combat team and al.so the 196th RCT. He lunched at the Post Officers Club and then inspected the Animal Equipment Panel of Army Field Force Board 3, which is testing new pack saddles and equipment for mules. Following this the General went to Colorado College where a close friend is president, retired Major General Gil~ - He returned to the Broad.moor Hotel where he addressed a Chamber of Commerce gathering, and there saw another old .friend Alexander Kirk. At 2200 hours the General took off from Colorado Springs, arrived at Scott Field, Illinois at 0300 hours, 28 November, and continued enroute to Fort Monroe. * * * * R>RT MONROE - 28 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at Langley Field at 0800 hours. �He came to the office at 1000 and stayed until 1130 hours at which time he returned to his quarters and retired. In the evening he had General and Mrs. Sullivan and General and Mrs. Howard for drinks. Mrs. Clark had returned by conmercial air on the 27th. * * * FORT MONROE - 29 NOVEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0820 and attended to routine office matters, seeing Colonel Dasher, General Howard, General Oxx and talking over the telephone with Colonel Eberhard P. ~utsch in New Orleans. In the afternoon he saw General Halsey for sometime. Remained .at home in the evening. * * FDRT MONROE-WASHINGTON - 30 NOVEMBER 199) - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours, was briefed on the Korean situation, and at 0930 hours departed Langley ~ir Field for Washington. He went to the Pentagon Building to General Collins' office and then to Fort McNair's officers club for a luncheon with 23 members of the West Point Class of 1917. They returned to the Pentagon at 1400 hours and General Clark new back to Fort Monroe, arriving 1530 hours. At 1800, General and Mrs. Clark attended a cocktail supper at the Officers Club given by Colonel and Mrs. Blesse, and then attended a dinner party given by General and Mrs. Howard. * * * * 0830 hours and during the morning saw, General Macon, General Halsey, General Lawton, General Oxx, General Beasley, Colonel Manley. He held conferences with General O' Daniel and General Shea in the afternoon. In the evening he and Mrs. Clark went to the officers club to a cocktail supper given by Colonel and Mrs. McBride and Colonel and Mr~. Trew. FORT MONROE - l DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at * * * FDRT MONROE - 2 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 9815 hours. He talked over the telephone with General Eisenhower at 0930, held a staff conference at 100~ on the overall situation in Korea. At noon he went to the officers club for the Army-Navy luncheon preceding the game, and returned to his quarters at 1230 and with General and Mrs. Sullivan and General andMrs. Howard watched the game on television. At l~O hours, General and Mrs. Clark attended a dinner given by Colonel a:>.d Mrs. Goode at their quarters. Quite early in the evening the General received an emergency call from Washington regarding the Korean war and left the party with key members of the AFF staff for a conference in his office. * * * FORT MONROE-WASHINGTON, DC - 3 DECEMBER 19.50 - General Clark departed Fort Monroe 1330 hours and drove to Washington, arriving 1730 hours. He and Mrs. Clark stayed with Mrs. Clark Senior. * WASHINGTON - 4 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to the Pentagon at 0830 hours to attend the Army Commanders Conference. In the afternoon he conducted conferences in his office until 1530 at which time he returned to his mother's home. Later he and Mrs. Clark went to Fort McNair to attend the dinner party given by General and Mrs. Collins for the Army ComT1anders. * * * WAgHING'roN - 5 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark went to the Pentagon at 0830 and �attended the Army Commanders conference until 1230 hours. He lunched at the Hotel Carleton at an affair given by Major General Charles Bolte for Lieutenant General Tschakalotus, G-3 of the Greek Army. Follo,ving this he returned tothe Pentagon at 1400 hours and attended a conference conducted by General Hai slip in the absence of General Collins. Others in attendance were the army commanders, the comnandant of the Military District of Washington and school commandants. General Clark returned home at 1700 hours. * * WASHINGTON-PHILADELPHIA, PA - 6 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark called on Major General Paul Streit, Walter Reed Ho s pital, at 0900 hours. He took the noon train to Philadelphia, arriving 1430 hours, at whi ch time he was met by Colonel H. A. Murphy of the Philadelphia MilitarJ District, and by Harry J. LaBrum of the New Jersey Society of Pennsylvania. General Clark drove to the Hotel Bellevue-Stratford and worked on his speech. At 1930 hours he went to the Union League Club of Philadelphia for a cocktail reception, followed by presentation of the Patriot's Award to the General by the NJ Society of Pennsylvania. General Clark was the principal speaker of the evening. * * * * PHILADELPHIA-RICHMOND-CAMP PICKETT-FORT MONROE, VA - 7 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark left his hotel at 0715 and was driven by ColonelMu.rphy to the Philadelphia International Airport where General Eisenhower landed at 0815. Generals Clark and Eisenhower then flew to Richmond, Virginia, arriving 0930. Generals boarded General Clark's C-47 and flew to Camp Pickett, Virginia, arriving 1015 hours. They were met by Major General Kenneth Cramer, Commanding the 43rd Infantry Di Vision, Lt. General J. A. Van Fleet, CG 2nd Army; after which Generals EisenhOlver and Clark trooped the line of the 43rd Division. General Clark introduced General Eisenhower, who spoke for 20 minutes. The party then boarded the C-47, flew to Washington, arriving 1230 hours, and General Clark returned to Fort Monroe, arriving at 1400 hours. All flying was done in ceilings under 500 feet, heavy fog and snow. General Clark spent the evening at home. Mrs. Clark had taken the train from Philadelphia to New York City this morning. * * * * FORT MONROE-8 ,DECEMBER 1959 - General Clark attended to routine work during the day and remained at home in the evening. * * * * FORT MONROE-NEW YORK CITY - 9 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark left Fort Monroe at 0940 accompanied by Lt. Colonel John lfanley and Major Jaccard, and flew to NYC, arriving 1230 hours at the Hotel Hampshire House where he was met by Colonel Eberhard P. Deutsch, Mrs. Clark and .Ann. General spent the afternoon with his family and at 1830 hours went to the penthouse of the Hampshire House where Colonel Deutsch had a small cocktail party. Invited guests included Colonel Allen Schauffler, Edwin Kretzmann, the HH manager, Lt Colonel Manley, Bill Clark, Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Deutsch, Ann Clark and Major Jaccard. At 1930 hours General and party went to the Hotel Mc.Alpin for a cocktail reception given by the Military Government Association~ At 1945 hours, the General went to the 17th floor to the headquarters of Fifth Army Military Government group. At 2000 hours h e went to the Military Govt Associa tion banquet. At this event, Gladys Swarthout and Lawrence Tibbett saJ}g. At 0930 hours General Clay spoke, then Mr. HiT.ain Gans awarded General Clark the Military Government Association Citation of 1950. General Clark spoke over Columbia Bnoadcasting System's national hookup. Dinner was werved at 2300 hours. * * * �NEW YORK-FORT MONROE - 10 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark left '.NYC, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, at 1130 hours, arriving Langley Base at ll.j)O. In the evening they attended a cocktail supper at the quarters of Brigadier General and Mrs. R. P. Williams. * * * * FORT MONROE-WASHINGTON - 11 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark attended to routine office matters in the morning and then at noon, on a call from the Pentagon, he and General Zi'.TlITlerman flew to Washington for a conference of the G's of the General Staff, including General Ridgway, General Brooks, General Duff and General Larkin .. The Generals left the Pentagon at 1530 hours and returned to Fort Monroe. He remained at home in the evening. * * * FORT MONROE - 12 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and was briefed on the Korean situation. He attended to routine office matters and at 1500 left the office and walked to Buckroe Beach for the exercise. At 1730 hours he entertained several people at cocktail hour, including:Colonel and Mrs. W. P. Johnson, Colonel and Mrs .. R. H. Bunshaw, Colonel & Mrs. H. L. Wat,ts, Colonel and Mrs. M. Craig, Jr., Colonel and Mrs. Charles V. Bromley. At 1900 he went to the officers club to the Stag Nite dinner with Colonel Johnson, Colonel Watts, and after dinner played poker. * * * FORT MONROE 13 DECEMBER 19.50 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours. At 0910 he saw Navy Captain L . H~ Bibby, recently arrived liaison officer~ At 0940 hours he saw Lt Col . McLaughlin of the Air Force , who had been General Clark' s B-17 pilot in North Africa du.ring the war . At 1130 he held a staff conference regarding the war situation . The rest of the day was devoted to routine office matters, and in the evening he remained at home, having a lobster supper . This morning l\nn arrived by boat from New York . c FORT MONROE - 14 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0815 hours and was briefed on the Korean situation by Colonel Rolan. This morning the Signal Corps photographer, Department of the Army, posed ,General Clark in the auditorium of the AG ~,ection for colored and black and ,.hite pictures, and also took pictures in the Generalts office The day was devoted to routine office matters ., After work the General walked to Buckroe Beach, and remained at home in the evening e FDRT ;mNROE - 15 DECEMBER 1950 - This morning the General's mother arrived y boat from ~ashington to spend the h olidays. A routine day at the office& In the evening General and ]lrs .. Clark attended the cocktail supper at the Officers Club given by Colonel and 1virs. L. M. Johnson and Colonel and Nr2 . V. C. Stevens e FORT MONROE - 16 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark's mother's birthday.. The General came to the office at 0830 hours, an was briefed on the world situation ~ He attended to routine office matters, and in the afternoon payed golf with Colonels Carson, Fingarson arid Eichorn At 1700 hour he went to cocktails at Colonel and Mrs . R. DeLa Moran, where the General was awarded the shield of Colonel Moran's regiment - the Duke of Wellington. Following this, the General - ent to the home of Colonel and Mrs . Rehm for .:1 cocktail supper. ff �lo5 FORT MONROE - 17 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark spent the day at his quarters. FDRT MONROE - 18 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours, and was briefed on the war situation. Thereafter he saw Dr. Vincent and Dr,. Russell of Columbia University, who came in to talk with him on troop information and education. Brigadier General Sterling Wood, a classmate of the General, came to pay his respects . The General spent the afternoon working on problems in connection with the comi ng National Guard conference, and remained at home in the evening . I FORT MONROE - 19 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived 'at the office at 082~ hours and saw General Higgins from Fort Bragg, NC at 0930 hours. The General attended to routine office matters and in the afternoon went fishing, catching no fish .. He remained at home in the evening . FDRT MONROE - 20 DECEMBER 1950 General Clark spent the morning in discussion with his staff and that of the Department of the Army on the levies on all ZI armies for additional MOS 's . He attended to routine matters in the afternoon and in the evening entertained the Howards and the Sullivans in honor of Mrs . Howard's birthday the following day . FORT MONROE - 21 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark came to the office at 0830 hours and hel d a conference with members of the G- 3 Section concerning fillers and the D/A levies on ZI troops. General Clark conferred with General Higgins at 1045 hours . In the afternoon he regretted the AG party at 1530 hours in the afternoon due to pressure of business. In the evening h~ and Mrs . Clark went to the Post Theater to hear the Harrrµton Institute Crusaders in a Christmas program, where he also made a few remarks to the assembled audience . FORT MONROE - 22 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark came to the office at 0830 hours and attended to routine matters. In the evening he attrnded the Rolfe-Ow-en- Eckert formal cocktail buffet at the club . FORT MONROE - 23 DECEMBER 1950 - Gener al Clark arrived 9.t the office at 0830 hours and attended to routine office IIB tters. At 1000 he attended, with Mrs . Clark, the children's Christmas party on the post. In the afternoon he pl ayed golf with General Zimmerman and Colonels Carson and Eichorn . At 1800, he went to the club for the cocktail supper given by Colonel and Mrs • J S . Morgan . • FORT MONROE - 24 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark spent a quiet day at home and at 1700 hours went to the quarters of Lt Col and Mrs. Hill for a cocktail supper . Following this, he went to General 0 1 Daniel's home for eggnogs . ( FORT MONROE - 25 DECEMBER 1950 Christmas Day . Gen eral Clark played nine holes of golf in the morning with Colonels Fingarson, Eichorn and Jensen, and dined at home with his family . * �FORT 1•irONR.1:=- - 26 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours a.t'1d attended to routine matters during the day. Remained at home in the evening41 FORT vroNROE - 27 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0815 hours. At 1000 he was briefed by Colonel Costello and Lt Col Boylan on field exercises and maneuvers for ,ational Guard units for the fiscal year 1951-2. At 111.5 hours the General called General Biggins at Fort Bragg and then conferred with Generals Halsey and Lawton, Colonels CoPtello, Boylan and Rynn. At 1730 hours General a.Yld Mrs • Clark went for drinks t o the quarters of Canadian Major and Mrs. Milroy. Mrs . Clark Senior departed at 15,DO hours by boat for Washington. FORT MONROE - 28 DEC ErvrnFR 1950 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0800 hours and saw General Paxton and General Hendrickson , National Guard Commanders. At 0830 he saw General Hodge of 3rd Army, at 0840 General Brooks, and at 084.5 Generals Jaynes and Tansey. At 09JO the General addressed the staff of the 31st and 47th NG divisions which are being inducted into Federa Service Jarm.ary 15. At 1230 hours the General entertained at an officia luncheon for General Officers attending the conference. General Clark spent t he afternoon at the National Guard conference and atl830 had a cocktail and reception and supper party for the 68 visitors to the JG conference. FORT :~!ONROE - 29 DECEMBER 1950 - General Clark saw tne National C omrnanders at 1000 hours. General A. C . Smith, DCG of the Fifth Army, came in to pay his respects before leaving. After taldng care of regular office ma tters, General Clark returned to quarters and at 1900 General and t rs. Clark attended the civilian club reception given by Mr. Begor for the civilian employees who had worked at the General's quarters from time to time during the year . FORT ~ONROE - 30 DECEMBER 19.50 - General Cl a rk ca~e to the office about 0845 hours and awaited a call to go to General Walton H. Walker's f uneral in Washington, DC. This did not materialize . At 1300 hours he left to play golf with Colonels Dasher, Carson and Eichorn. This day Captain Ber n ard W. Rogers arrived for duty after three years at Oxford University, England . He originally was scheduled for G-3 , but was drafted as the Generalts second aide . This day also General Clark declined t he invitation of the Norfolk Cruise Corn.mi ttee to go on the cruise to South America aboard the new .__ 9. New Amsterdam, due to pres 0 ure of work . FORT ONROE - 31 DECEM ER 19,50 - General Clark spent the day at home due to inclement weather . At 2000, he and Mrs. Clark had 34 people at his house for drinks and then to the club for dinner and the New Year's Eve party. Dutch Treat . END � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - December 31, 1950 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1 - December 31, 1950. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1683 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/ca4516dc47de05d278ac6268e60705f3.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=mItbuOih4jzVNsZgnT2%7Ed4Jj-W%7EO78m6a21VcoD9vFcBwfCyJZpF2lLHn8PvtgTanS0QieQg%7EpUTaPTXVXpL0r3PUxKaHl2XPzm%7EKBMScBO3aIAOymuz0nTvRnLh3tb7PZwzI-4eq9vE8uNZRIFl%7EdsxIdJaIOCTmsMEJ9g5l9m%7ExaYLUiHyjLHncbo9mtyvoGqnLrJzxQuoTAFzC-gznwaHF8U8EiupS3yw-2QXwBFfcxgG-oZMWDEw2o4ayoDxDlnBSFg5a3BvjBNdil2Kv3wXzkCU4fjfcGwzi9-rKvnnRJvAhqg%7E7Fm-9j3u3Z%7Eur7Edqu-jgi%7EftokPScmF0Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1d7810e34feff372a6fcac41a8d9e748 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ) ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM - NarE This is Volume IX of the \'far Diary of Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark. Volume I, Covering period 28 June, 1942 to September 24, 1942; Voltune II, cov-ring period 25 Septem- ber 1942 to 5 January 1943; Volume III, covering period 6 January 1943 to 6 June 1943; and Volune IV, covering period 7 June 1943 to 29 August 1943, are held in safekeeping at the Army War College , Washington, D. C. Volune V, covering period August JO , 1943 to December 31, 1943; and Yolune 7I, covering period January 1, 1944 to March 31, 1944; Volwne 7II, covering period 1 April 1944 to 30 June 1944, and Volw:19 VIII , covering reriod l July 1944 to 31 December 1944 are being held in safekeeping in the manding General's safe. r L-7e11 Co□- ��7 1/.~j ✓ ~p-yb'. )' 9i" , IY" .J 9J. (, /2/,J µ ( SIBNA--JANUARY 1, 1945--The General flew to Siena this morning at ten o'clock and spent two hours at his office. At noon the General gave a reception and punch to meet all officers of the 15th Army Group Headquarters, approximately 700, at the 717 Club from twelve o'clock until two . The General spoke to the assembled officers , telling them how proud he was to have been chosen as Commander of 15th Army Group . The General , with General Gruenther , Brigadier Packard and Colonel Saltzman, stood in line and shook hands with all the officers of the Headquarters . After the reception the General returned to his vllla for lunch and rest . In the evening the General. dined at "A" Mess with Brigadier Packard . * * FLORENCE--JANUARY 2, 1945--T~e General drove from Siena to the new command post in Florence which is to open tomorrow at noon. After inspecting the command post the General drove to his villa, where he spent the afternoon. At 2000 hours General Clark met General McNarney at the AngloAmerican where they conferred for two hours . The General tben returned to his villa for the night . * * * FLORENCE-JANUARY 3, 191+5--The General spent the morning at his villa and arrived at the new command post at 1100 hours . He conferred with members of his staff and spent the rest 9f the day in his new office and wa:r room conferring with various staff officers and working on administrative papers . * * '* FLORENCE--JANUARY 4, 1945--The General spent the day at his command post in Florence conferring with membors of his staff and working on papers . * * * FLORENCE--JANUARY 5, 1945--'roday was organization day of the Fifth Army, and General Clark sent General ~:ruscott a message of felicitations early in the morning. The General remained at his command post today and in the afternoon General Truscott called to see the Army Group ~Comrnander and conferred with him for about two hours . * * * FLORENCE-- JAIID'ARY 6, 1945- -Generals Clark and Gruenther left the command post by car shortly after seven o'clock, cross0d the Apennines and arrived at Forli a.t about 1030 hours., where they conferred with General McCreery, and Brigadier Floyd, Chief of Staff, Eighth Army. In company 2 1/ �3 with General McCreery, General Clark left Forli at about 1115 for Polish Corps Headquarters , arriving a little before bmlve o'clock. Genera.ls Clark and Gruenther were g-.l'."eoted by General Anders, Com- ) mantling Polish Corps , and were led immediately to the ceremony where they were to be invested with the Polish decoration of "Virtuti Militari11 . Three battalions of the Polish Corps were drawn up in the main square of the town on three sides of a hollovr square , with a band and colors also on parade (these colors now belonging to the 3rd Carpathian Division, were presented by Field Warshal Wavell to the Polish Brigade, then the only Polish combatant troops, who so successfully and gallantly held Tobruk in 1941). Generals Clark, Mccreery, Anders and Gruenther stood facing the parade while the National Anthems of America, Great Britain and Poland were played. General Clark, accompanied by the other Generals , inspected the troops on parade who , during all this while, remained at the ttpresentn. The eyes of every officer and rnan on parade were fixed on General Clark throughout the inspection. General Clark and General Gruenther were then led to a position in the center of the ~ n ~ square . The Colors were brought to a position immediately behind them. /J!v I General Anders made a speech to the two Generals in Polish 11.1.icti was translated by an interpreter, and he then pinned on their breasts the Medal of the Order of Virtuti JVIilitari . The Generals then went to a saluting base in a street a few hundred yards away where the troops on parade marched past . After the ceremony was over General Anders entertained General Clark, GenAral Gruenther , and the other assembled officers to luncheon in his mess General Clark pr-esented both General Anders an d Gc-meral McCreary with carbine s suitably inscribed . During the course of the luncheon General Anders made another ~hort speech. He pinned on the shirtsleeves of Gen; ral Clark, General Gruenther and General McCreary the insign1.a of the 2nd Polish Corps , the emblem of the City of Warsaw. He also presented General Clark with an album of photographs depicting the rece:r1t doings of t he Polish Corps and underlining its connection with t e Allied Armies in Italy. As an after thought he also gave to General Clark, General Gruenther , General McCre0ry an d Brigadier Floyd some medallions imprinted with vhe head of Mussolini , who was born and later also spent some of his dictatorial years in the neighborhood of Predappio where Headquarters Polish Corps now found itself. These medallions were picked up as "lootH by the 18th Polish Battalion, who were t he first troops to enter the town. After luncheon there was a short floor show of Polish national dances and similar entertainment . Generals Clark and Gruenther left the Headquarters by road at 1445 and drove back over the Apennines through a snowstorm, arriving at ·uhe command post at approximately six o'clock. �FLORENCE--JANUARY 7, 1945--General Clark s pent most of the day today working in h:ts office and conferr:i.ng with various of his staff officers. At six o' clock this evening GenerRl Clark ha.d the following guests in his conference hut: Capt . R. H. Bernays, Major H. G. StudhoJ.me, J . J . Lawson, Wing Commander A. w. H. James , Capt . F. J . Bellenger and Briga.di.er Partridge. All of t he above mentioned persons are members of Parliament who are touring the Italian front with the exception of Brigadier Partridge who is the conducting officer . General Clark oriented the group on the situa.tion in his war r oom and then en.tertained his guests at dinner. It i.s the intention of the party to visit British units of the Fifth Army tomorrow ·and the following day, after which they will tour the Eighth Army front . * * * FLORENCE- -JANUARY B, 1945- -The Army Group Commander spent the entire day today working on papers in his office . · In the late afternoon he went to his villa for a short while . * * * FLORENCE- -JAITTJARY 9, 1945--General Clark spent most of the day attending to administrative matters at his headquarters and in the afternoon walked to his villa with Colonel Sa.ltzmtm and rema:i.ned there most of the evening . * * * FLORENCE-- JAtmARY 10, 1945--General Clark wa.s at his headquarters today conferring wlth his staff officers a.n<l ·mrking on important papers. At mid-day the members of Parliament touring the Itd ian front stopped in to see General Clark following their t our of British units of the Fifth Army and prior to their trip to the Eighth Army sector . The remainder of the day the General spent at his villa. * * * FLORE 1fCE--JANUARY 11, 1945--At 1000 hours JVtr- . Matthews of the New York Times en.me to visit General Clark and spent just over half an hour with him i .n his office and in the war room. At 1130 General Clark wa.s photographed making a short introductory address for the film nBattle of Sa.n Pietro . This speech is quoted as follows: nrn 191+3 it was one of our strategic aims to draw as many German forces as possible away from the RussiR.n front and I rench coo stal area.s and to con- tain them on the Italfan penlnsula, while liberating a.s much of Italy as might be possible with the means at our nispos al . As the. bulk of our supplies was directed to England for the .forthcoming invasion, opera.tions in Ita.J.y had to be conducted on an extremely limited scA.le. Thus, it came about that during the winter months the number of Allied divisions in Italy was reduced . Yet, so determined wa s their effort that they succeeded in holding in Ita.ly a very large number of German divisions during the pre invasion period . San Pietro in the Fifth Army sector was the key to the Liri Valley. We knew it - the enemy knew it . We had to take it even though the immediate cost would be high . We took it - and the cost in rel:=:ition to �[ The General then recorded a speech to be broadcast to the Union of South Afr:ica in which he told something of the recent doings of the 6th -1£; South Afrfoan Division . The full text of this sreech is quoted below: tt Qne of the most ~atifying experiences of my Fifth Army command has been the opportunjty I have had to wor_ with General Poole and the fine troops of his Sixth South African Armored Division. 0 The South Africans are aggressive and brave , thoroup;hly wise in battle . Their mission has not been an easy one , nor has it been the sort of mission which produces sensational 8.dwrnces in ~hart periods of time . The Sixth South Africans have been opposing strong nemy force over a broad sector , in some of the most difficult mounta.inous terrnin in all Italy. At times, owing to the exceptionally heaYy storms we hAve had along the entire Fifth Army fr ont, communications h3.ve been difficult , and lines of .supply have been all but cut off . 0 Y uTheir s has been a fight ing role , fighting which has gone on day and vinight without rest or r espite . And i n addition t o a dHtermined and fana t i cal enemy, they have had to fight mountains and mud . This they have done both cheerfull y and well. We have asked a great deal of them , and they have given us bett er than we could have reasonably expected . ~ ttWhen the Sixth South Africans were assign~d to Fifth Army some Months ago , it was the first time in histor y tha t a South African division had served under an Amer i c an command . I have always consider ed the assignment a wiRe one , but its wisdom was brought home to me with spe c fa 1 clarity the other day hen I visi ted the South African command post . There I observed for myself the excellent morale of the men , their determination to kill Germa.ns and their inspiring fi~hting spirit . I was pa.rticul~rly impressed by the large number of battle decorations I SF.tw as I toured through the seotor , honors which I well kno,ir were earned the hard way. ~ nr saw Mt . Catarelto , Mt . Stanco and ~t . S.- lvaro - tremendous rough hill masses which the South Africans wrested rom the enemy in some of the toughest fighting of the entire Italian campaign . I saw the enemy positions, selected many months ago as ideal reinforcement for whAt the Germans looked upon as their impregnnble Gothic defenses . I saw the roads over whi'ch the South African Divj_sion was supplied, inundated at several points by the s mllen streams-- V'thich poured across them from the mo1mtains . And I sa.vv the men who overcame this combinatj_on of natura.l and man- made obstacles . n1t gives me a good deal of pleasure to report to you that the Fif'th Army looks upon its South African brothers in arms with pride in what they have accomplished and high hopes for the battles ahead . ~ c.., �"The enemy has learned to fea.r the cooperative 0ffort of the Alli=tl troops united under Fifth Army comma.nd . For he knows thP"t it is just this cooperative Allied effort that will drive the Germans out of Italy. '' At about 1215 General Robert E. Wood and General Frank ca.me to visit General Clark, accompanied by General Cannon, Commanding the Mediterranean Allied Tactical Air Force . The party stayed for about half ~m hour and then depa.rted . General :food strwed for luncheon rlth General Clark and Joined _his party at the Florence airfield aft erwards . General Clark spent a quiet afternoon and evening at his command post, vorking on important papers and conferrj_ng with various staff officers . * * * FLOREJCE--JA\TIJARY 12, 1945--General Clark interviewed Admiral Stone , Head of the Allied Commission in Italy, at 0930, together ~ith GenerP.1 Gruenther, Chfof of Sta.ff . Shortly before 1100 hours Gener 1 Clark left the command post, accompanied by Colonel Saltzman, Deputy Chief of Staff, . or the command post , Fifth Army, where he was Emtertained at luncheon by General Truscott, Commandin~ General, and General CPrleton, Chief of Staff , Fifth Army. I After luncheon General Clark left by Jt~ep wi th General Truscott, called briefly at the 34th Division command post and proceeded to a ceremony near Piamagio in the 34th Division area . Here there were drawn up three battalions in formation and various officers of the "3/j,th Division who were to be decorated . Chief Rmong these was 2nd Lieutenant E. H. Dervishian of the 135th Infantry Regiment ~ho had been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. General Clark, together with General 'Pruscott, General Keyes, and General Bolte mounted the reviJwing stand . The band played ruff1es, flourishes and "To he GenerRlu, following which General Clark gave a short talk to the assembled troops and, in particular, to the individuals about to be decorated . he decore . . s were CA.lled forward singly, startin~ with 2nd Lieutemmt Dervishian and were decorated by G~nerRl Cl rk . De:rvishian took his phce on the reviewing stand immediately behind General ;lark; th~ others to the left Rnd reHr of the stand . After this the entire formn.tion was called to attention , an<l the unit citation of the 2nd Battalion of the J.IS?ith Inf'antry Regiment was read . General Clr-,rk then pinned the Dist ·nguj_shed Unit BA.dges on the Battalion Commander and officers of his staff and 8f'terwt=1.rds pinned cj tA.tion streamers on the guidons o _ the battalion. Thi?. ... ational Anth,3m was plRyed , Hnd the formA.tion was over. On his return, General Cl.qrk stopped of'f nt the II Corps conmand post where he conferred briefly with General Keyes, the Corps Commander . He returned by road to his headquarters, a.rriving shortly before ive o' clock . The Army Group CoP1mander .,ntertrrimd General Tate , Colonel D1 Orsa, Lt. Col. Lazar and Lt . Col . , ovotny for dinner t 1is evening. �7 ( Today the Army Group Chief of Stt=tff received a copy of the fallowing letter from Brig. Gen. Iume, Senior Civil Affajrs Officer of the Fifth Army Allied Military Government, to the Chief Commissioner of the Allied Corrrrnission, Admiral Stone: n1. The follow i ng report of public inform~tion on the subject of the food shortage in Italy is transmitted for inform~tion . "2 . The Fascist Republican Radio bro,:idcasting in Itnlhn at 2:00 P.M. on January sixth made the followinis statement: ' Allied Food Supnlies to Italv - The Anglo-Am~rican comedy about the amount of supplies to be sent to "occupiedtt Italy is being enriched with new elements . Roosevelt actually A.nnounced that a new program for the provisioning of Italy has heen approved and lRrge quantities of .oodstuffs will soon be flowing into the country. He did not , however, stat the exact weight of the promised deliveries but limited himself to declaring that the new· oonsignrnents will represent an increase in calories . The Fresident also added that the transportation problem vms still . illed wlth great and uns 1rmountable difficulties . Roosevelt, with this ge.me of dice, calories and tonna.ge, continues to promise , and the Italians wait .' ''3 . At ~: 00 P . M. on the same day \ j the same ra.dio made the following statement : ' BBC on Food Supplies to Italy - In its broadcast to Itali.Rns, the BBC yesterday said the following: nA cartoon in a satiric paper in Rome shows a person drinking coffee 1.n the act of soakinp, somathing which he do,s not hav in a cup of coffee ihich is not there . To someone who a sks him what he is doing, he replies: ' I am soaking the supplement of bread in a cup of Brazilia.n coffee '. CoMmenting on the meRning of the cart oon , the BBC asserts tha.t the Allied Governments, although the;r haw~ recogniz d the necessity for sending food stuffs to Italy, cannot do so because their tonnage :i.s used for other purposes . Th~ enemy radio thus concludes its broadcast : nuntil the time when the military operations vrill ease the task of the merchant marine , help cannot be given to the Italians . To take only a very small rart of the tonna.ge from war shipments, today, vould not only be a mistake , but a crimen .' t,4 . The BASIC N:RWS for 6 January 1945, published by the Psychological fvarfare Branch, contained the fo l lowing announcement: ' Food for Italians: Roosevelt Comment~ Washington, January 5 - President Roosevelt told a pr ess conference today that a new program for feeding Italy has be n agreed upon and that more food is going into that country . He said he could not estimate the increase in pounds but de- �( ; ( �( clared there were more calories in the new shipments . 'Presid nt Roosevelt said shipping is still a very great problem in fe~d·ng t e Italians . ' The President we.s told that some people believe th Italian armistice terms should be rrede public on the ground thRt militarv consider tions are no longer a factor for continued secrecy, but the President re plied that military people on the spot still consider this factor important . Some people in this country, he added, seem to know more than the military authorities in the BXe~. , tt5 ,. here continu .,s to be in th is area adverse comment from peop l ) in all walks of life as to the failure of the Allies to make good promises which the Italians accepted in good fa:i.th . " * * *. FLORENCE--JANUARY 13 , 1945-- At 0930 General Clark saw General Hume , head of the Fifth Army AMG, and spent the rest of the morning in his office . At 1130 he left by road with General Gruenther for Headquarters 13 Corps . General irkman, Corps Comme.nder; Brigadier Archibald , BGS; and Brigadier Roe , DA &-QMG, were to be decorated with the Legion of Merit . General Kirkman greeted GAneral Clark, and a simple ceremony took place immediately. About twenty-f1.ve staff officers were a.ss0mbled . General Clark mad a short sp _,,ech in which he praised the part played by B Corps in recent operations . ~he citations were read, and General Clark pinned on the decorations . Genera.l Kirkman received the Degree of Commander and the other two officers the Degree of Officer . Generals Clnrk and Gr 1..1enther remained for luncheon with General Kirkman . The Army Group Coll".mander and his Chief of Staff returned by road , arri vim~ back at the command post at about three o'clock and sr•e nt a quiet a_fternoon in the office . G--.-nera.l Clark had a small dinner pa.rty in the evening . * * FLORE · CE--JA WARY 14, 1945- -Today was Sunday, and the General rernai:ed a~ his villa all day Yi.th Colonel Saltzman , Deputy Chief of Staff, ha.ving im- 1 portant pap0rs sent up to him at intervals . * * * FLORE"TC:R --JMTTJA..'R.Y 15, 191+5--General Clark spent a buc-y morning in his office. At about 10'30 he as visited by ,.tr-. Orebaugh, U. S . Consul in Florence, who came to ray his respects to the Army Group Commander and remained A.bout half an hour . At 1330 hours H.R . H. Crown Prince Umberto , Lieutenant General of the �Realm, accompanied by Brigadier General Edgar Erskine Hume, G-5 of the Fifth Army, came to visit General Clark and was entertained by him for luncheon. Also present 1ere: General Gruenther, Colonel Saltzman and Lt . Col. Porter . Prince Umberto left immediately after luncheon. At 1500 hours General Clark received General DeCouteulx, Commanding General of the French Troops in Italy, who had recently succeeded General Louchet . With General DeCouteulx was Captain Serge Fleury, French Liaison Officer . General Gruenther and Colonel Saltzman were also present at the interview . At about 1530 General Clark saw GenBral Nicols, Chief Signal Officer on the British side at AFHQ who was accompanied by General Nalder, Chief Signal Officer of the 15th Army Group . After this General Clark received Monsignor Antonio Riberi, a titular archbishop from the Vatican. Accompanying him were Father Zeger, Padre Ryan, Fifth Army Chaplain, and General SulHva.n, Fifth Army Quartermaster . The rest of the day was uneventful. * * * FLORENCE-- JANUARY 16, 1945--At 1100 hours General Clark sav General Edf!Tards , Chief of Staff to Genera.l Eaker, Commanding Mediterranean Air Forces . General Edwards rvas accompanied by Colonel Dick, AG, MAF . General Edwards is returning to the States r-ifter a long tour of duty overseas and came in to pay his respects to General Clark prior to his departure . ( From 1130 onwards, all the Commanding Generals of Fifth Army, down to Divisional Commanders , arrived a.t the comrrnnd post. They were al 1 greeted individually by General Clark . A group photograph was then taken of the assembled generals . Present were: G~,tteral Clark , General Gruenther, General Truscott , Genere.l Crittenberger, General Ke;yes, General Pritchard, General Bolte , General Coulter, General Kendall , General Livesay,. General Almond . At 1200 hours there ~as a colorful ceremony at ich H.R . H. Crown Prince Umberto of Savoy (Prince of Piedmont) , LieutenHnt GenerR.1 of the Realm, invested the above listed generals with Italian ,ecorations . Two platoons from the 101st vP Battalion were drawn up with a color gua.rd and a band . All th rl generals to be decorated, with t he exception of General Clark, stood in a line by order of seniority in front of the formation \ J , t' ~ • _ ~ ✓ ,· ~ st ~ ~&J>Vl ' .,,... ~ 6"() ~ ~ ; , \ ,, .Prince Umberto, upon his arrival, was rret Gener l ClPr . and was led to a point facing the pa.rs.de . Accompanying Prince Umberto were various high Italian officers and . also Brigadier General Hume, Fifth Army G-5, who acted as master of ceremonies throughout . The band played ruffles and flourishes, followed by the national anthems of Italy, Grea.t Britain and America. ff'he --Prince, accompanied by Generals Clark and Truscott, inspected tl1e f"'-rr"'a tion. v y~ Prince Umberto made a short speech, expressing the :he a.rtf elt tha.nks of the ~~ Italian nation for its delivera.nce from the Fascist and la zi yokes by All:i.ed arms . He then moved around in front of General Clark and invested him with 1".,. the sta.r a d sash of the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St . Maurice and ' St . Lazarus . He then returned to his plac on General Clark's right. Gene/ ral Hume called up the oth r general officers individually to receive their decorations from the Prince . GenAral Truscott, General Crittenberger and CL . w~ �fO Keyes received the Knight Cross of the same order . The Divisional Commanders received the Officer ' s Cross of th0 order . General Gruenther was invested with the sash and star of the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy. The band played ruffles and flourishes once more, as the Prince, accomp1mied by General Clark a,nd all the oth :-r generals, left the ceremony. The Prince entertained the decorated g.,nerals at luncheon at the Serristori Palace where he was staying during his visit to Florence . After luncheon General Cl8rk returned to the command post, and the remainder of the day was uneventful. * * * FLORE CE - JA :JUARY 17, 191.,5--Genoral Clark, accompanied by General Gruenther , left the command post by road shortly before ten o' clock and drove to Montecatini ~here the B8th Division was concentrated in a rest area . In the main square of the town a formation was dravm for a decoration ceremony. 2nd Lt . Charles W. Shea of the 150th Infantry was to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor and two officers and one enlisted man vere to receive the Distinguished Service Cross . In addition , the 2nd Battalion of the 350th Infantry and 3rd Battalion of the 351st Infantry were to receive unit citations . General Kendall , Commanding General of the RRth Division, met General Clark and led him to the reviewing sta.nd. Ruffles and flour:shes were played, followed by the National Anth m. Gemra.l Clark addressed the troops, telling them that the record Rchieved by the 88th Division in approximately one year of fighting in Italy was as f:i.ne as thrit of any Division in the American Army. tt . Shea was called forward and decorated by General Cfark with the Con- . gre s sional Medal of Honor, follo , ed by Major Irwin B. Jones , 350th Infantry; Captain John J . King, 349th Infantry; and T/Sgt . Manuel V. Mendoza of the 3'iJth Infantry, eA.ch of whom received the Distingnjshed Service Cross . The unit citations for the two battalions were then read . General Clark, General Truscott, General Kendall and Lieutenant Shea then proceeded along the line of the 2nd Batta.lion, 350th Infantry. Lieutenant Shea pinned the streamer on his O\m company guidon. The band played ruffles and flourishes, and the ceremony was over. General Kendall entertained General Clark , General Gruenther, General Truscott rand General Keyes at luncheon in his mess . General Clark returned to M .s command post in the early afternoon and conferred briefly with General Brann, Brigadier Packard and lA.ter General Gruenther. * * * FLOREN'CE- -JANUARY 18, 1945--A t 1200 hours General McCreer:r came to visit General Clark to discuss the tactical sitmtion . He remained for luncheon with General Clark, who also had Brigad·i er Pa.ck2rd a.s his luncheon guest . In the evening General Clark was entertained by the rrAn mess who were _I �giving a dinner in honor of Sir Ronald Adams , Adjutant General of the British Army. * * * FLOREICE--JANUARY 19, 1945--At 1215 General Truscott came to see General Clark and spent about half e.n hour with him in the war room. At 1245 Sir Ronald Adam visit d General Clark. He spent about ten minutes with him in his office and in the war room, and afterwards entertained at luncheon ·Sir Ronald Adam, GenerA.l Robertson, Brigadier McCleod; General 'J.1:ruscott, General Nalder, Gen~ral Hornby, General Gruenther, Brigadier Packard, Brigadier RichiP- and Colonel Saltzman. After a quiet afternoon General Clark entertained the following guests at dinner at his villa,: General Gruenther, General Brann, General Tate, Colonel D'Orsa, Lt. Col. Lazar and Colonel Saltzman . General Clark today dictated the following random notes for inclusion in his diary: \ ttYesterday I talked with General McCreery with r ega.rd to future plans. \ I was somewhat a.pprehensive w~th regard to this meeting, for I knew thAt his views were contrary to mine. He had proposed, in conference with General Gruenther and Brigadier Pacbird, that the ma.in effort be ma.de in the valley by Eighth Army, with Fifth Army taking most of the mountainous sector and more or less holdinp; instead of attacking. This, of course, would obviate the possibility of an 1 American punch'. He also felt thP.t all British units should be returned to Eighth Army. I heartily disagreed with this pla.n, for if there is one thing I am sure of in the next battle that is that the principal •carrying of the ball' will be done by the American infantry divisions, as they have always done in the pR t. plan. "At the conf ere nee in my map room a1 one i th Mccreery, he outlined his I listened carefully and then told him as follows: "' I have three courses open to me. The first is to move Ame ric an troops into the valley. This I have discarded because there is not room, because ✓ their movement there could not be concealed from the enemy, because it vould _r7~ preclude any attack in the mountains, and la~tly it would remove American ;:troops a great d:i.stance from the west coast of Italy ,where the Germans may ( execute a counter thrust in order to stop our offensive. / tttMy second alternative is to put all British units into the Po Valley, which would ohviate an Amerj_ca,n punch , for the great bulk of U. S . divisions would be on a wide front in the mountains carable only of limited effort. The fifth TT. S. infantry division would be required as a pos sible reserve to meet a.ny west coast enemy thrust. tt'My third plan, which I am 21.dopting, is to lea.ve Eighth Army in the Po, less two British divisions - the 6th South African and the ~th Indian - which Fifth Army now has. Require Eighth Army to take over Grande, using an Italian Group, in order that the five U.S. infantry divisions, which will be rested and at tull strength by the time of the attack , may be employed offensively �in depth to break through to Bologna west of Route #65 . 'l'o c lso have a British Corps , the 10th when it returns from Gr eece, conduct the activities of . the Bth Indian and 6th South African and Brazilian Divisions along Route #64 so as to facilitate the advance of the U. S. II Corps and protect its west flank, which will be more and more extended RS II Corps advances and to provide a possible reserve to rush to the west coast should a threat develop there .' nr explained th8.t the heavily def ended mountains intervening bet ween the present II Corps front and Bologna. are great hHndicaJJS, but we have fought in the mou..ntains in the past . his will tend to extend the enemy. We will then make the final wallop with U. S . divisions . Mccreery' s plA.n for employment of his Army in the Po Valley I concur in heartily. I have great faith in the use of Lake Cornacchio and the thrust by the Canadia.ns toward Ferrara . "Truscott is ln hearty accord with this plan . I will now communicate it to Alexander and issue a broad directive which will permit Army Comrna.nders more opportunity to study their relief operations in detail a.n<l adjust them to future operations . nI mtght a.dd that in moving an American Corps into the Fo Valley, which I seriously consid .,r , would require the ovement of AmAricRn supplies almost immediately over precipitous mountain rrn.ds , and these movements would be soon discovered . The enemy, who is opArating on interior lines , would mass his means to stop us in the Po . nin this coming battle I have a superiority in infantry of about l½ to 1. This is totally inade :ruate in this mountainous terrain . My artillery superiorit;t will be about 2 to 1 . Air a..."1.d tanks over• helming . Thst is why I must wait until suitable Yea.ther prevails so that these overwhe lming superiorities may be taken advantage of . 'J'he key to this situation is , as we have done :i.n the p-•rnt where our infantry superiority was meager, to make a series of feints - get the Boche off balance , . as we hr➔ ve done so many times and :vhen he has finally committed his reserir,es , strike the blow. This is what I propose to do . 0 1 * * * FLORENCE--,JAJUARY 20 , 1945--The General spent a quiet day at the villa. In the afternoon , with General Brann and Colonel Saltzman, the General hnd some target practice with his .45 . In the evening General Cl .rk dined at the Anglo- American Hotel at a. small dinni~r given by General Gruenther . He re turned to his villa directly after the dinner . 0 * * * FLORENCE--JANUARY 21, 1945--At 0900 General Clark went to the concluding session of the e.rtillery exercises conducted under the auspices of the Eighth Army for o~ficers o both armies . GenBral Clark addressed the assembled officers, stressing the value of such exercises • ••• • nobody was ever too experienced to learn from other people ' s experiences , and these exercises provided excellent chance to ~et together with officers of other armR and other armies . General Clark th . n decorated Lt . c 1 th o • e Hon . John Ha.re, MBE, ) �13 with the Legion of 1erit in the De gree of Officer. Colonel Hare ~as for a long time in charge of the Army Ai r Support Co trol at Fifth Anny Headquarters . The General returned to his villa immediately , .f ter th formatio·0., where he spent the entire rest of the day and nisht. The Gen0ra.l had been bothered with a slight head cold today. J * * * FLORENCE--JAJUARY 22, 1945--The Gen~ral spent the early part of the morning at his villa . The General arrived at his headqu.Prters at eleven ot clock and conferred with Generals Brann And Tate. At 1230 Major General Th ron, Administrative Officer of South African Forces in Italy, called to see the General and r mained for lunch . Aft""r lunch the Genera.I returned to his ville. where he srent the afternoon. At 1800 hours General Clark attended a cocktail party gi'\Ten by Gen,ral Tate and remained until 1900 hours . The General entertained Generals Gruenther, Tate, Brann and Colonels D'Orsa ap.d Saltzma.n for dinner and cards nt his villa . * * * FLORENCE-- JANUARY 23, 1945--The General arrived from his villa. at the headquarters at ten o t clock. General foce, G- 3 of AFHQ, r-md General Cabbell, G-3 of MAF, arrived and conferred with General CJBrk in his war room . Directly aft r the conference Genera,l Clark, who still has a slight head cold, returned to his villa. for the day . Today Pal wa.s bred with a thoroughbred cocker spaniel. The General din.,d quietly with Colonel Saltzman and a few guests at his villa . * * * FLO. ., CE--JA mARY 24, 1945--The Genera.I still has a slietht head cold. ~njor Brandt, ear, nose and throat specialist at the 15th Evacuation Hospital, called to se0 him. The General arrived at hi headquarters at eleven o'clock this orning, at which time he was interviewed by l!r . Karaka of the Bombay Chronicle . At 1230 Major General CRmpbell, Ordwrnce Officer at the War D pRrtment; General Cof y, Ordnance Officer of AFHQ; Gen ,ra.l !Tiblo, Ordnance Of fie .. r of Fi .th Army; General Tate, G-4 of 15th Army Group; and Colonel Raaen, Executive Officer to General CRmpbell arrived for lunch. Before lunch Gen.,ral Clark brfofed GenerRl Campbell and party in his war room . General Hardinfl Rrrived at 24S and ,joined General Clark and party for lunch. After lunch G neral Clark returned to his villa where he spent the night . �FLORENCE--JA WARY 25, l<Jli-5--Th., General spent the morning at his villa, arrived at the headquarters at eleven o'clock, and General cNarney arrived rom Caserta at 14CO and conf rred with the General until 1530. General Clark then nmt to his villa for the night . This .. vening ha ent..,rtained Generals Gruenther, Tate, Brann, Colonel Dt Orsa and Colonel Lazar for dinner and cards. * * * FLORENCE--JAl\TUARY 26, 1945--General Clerk arrived :,,t his headquarters at eleven o' clock. Brigadier Genriral Hays, CommRndine; the 10th Mountain Division, arrived at noon and conferred with Gen11ral Clark, aftf?r which GenerA.ls Gl:lrk and Hays went to the conference hut -m ere Generals Gruenther, Brann, TRte and Colonel SaltzFJan 1 ere assembled. Gen9ral Clark A.nnonnced the promotion of G3neral Hays to j.~aj or General and al so the promotion of Colonel Saltzman to Brigadier General . GenGral Hays remained for lunch. 1 After lunch the Gen~ral returned to his villa for the evening after working a short while in his office . * * * FLORENCE-- JANUARY 27, 1945--The General sp . nt the enrly part of the morning at his YillA., arr~ving at his headquart rs at 1100 hours . Mr. Lodwick, Public Relations Advisor to General Arnold, call~d to s e General Clark . Also, Mr . Estes, Political Advisor, AFHQ, ca.me to SM the General. The Army Group Comma.nder lunched at the headquarters and aft r lunch returned to his villa for the afternoon and night . In the ev nlng the General enterta.1.ned a few friends for dinner and a movie at the villa . * * * FLORENCE- -.JANUARY 28, 1945- -Th.... G ,neral arrived at the headqua.rters at 1130 and remained for lunch . After lunch the G .,n ,ral returned to his villa until At 1730 Dr . Vasco da Cunha, who is th Minister to Italy from Brazil, ano Mr. Nabuco, Brazilian Ambassador to the Holy See, called to see General Clark. 'l'he G,.,neral dined at the headouP..rters and aft r dinner returned +.o hi~ villa for the night . 1700 . Op .,rA.tions Instruction #2 was issu d today and r ads as follows: ORGA_ U7,AT ION FOR DEFENSE - 15TH ARMY GROUP AREA "l. GS ,RAL .. This instruction sup9rsedes all form~r directives, orders, memoranda and instructions on th above subject issu,d by AAI or this Headnuart rs. "2. the following capabilities w:tthin the Mediterranean Theat r : �15 n 3. a. Effecting b. Effecting airborne lRndings. c. Effecting sabotage o . vital installations . d. Organizing civil disturbances . e. Effecting a break- through in force . R small-scale seaborne landing . RESPONSIBILI'EY FOR GRatnm DEFENSE . 15th Army Group as~1mes responsibility for : a . Ground defense in the Army areas in ITALY and that area, included in No . 1 District and that r~rt of Peninsula.r Base S .,ction, North of Rome Area Allj_..,d Command . b . Guarding and security of local area occupied by its oommand post and installations . c . Guarding naval shore installations w;thin its command where sufficient nav l p~rsonnel are not availA-ble . 0 tr 4. DEFINITION - GROU ·ID DEFENSES . a . Within the Army areas (i.e . , forward of the rear boundaries of the Amies engaged) the scope of ground defense is as presently prescribed by CG, 15th Army Group to CG , Fifth Army and GOC, Eighth Army. b . Within the present ar ..-a of No . 1 District and that part of PBS, 11Torth of Rome Area Allied Command, 1 Ground Defense' , will consist of e. defens a.gainst a possibl , enemy break-through and s Jaborne and airborne landings . "5 . RFBPONSIBILITY R DEFENSE AGAI1'ET CIVIL DISTURBANCES AND SABOTAGE . a . Within the Army ar ,as the scope of def .,nse ~.gainst sabotage and civil disturbances is as pr.,se ntly prescribed by CG, 15th Army Group to CG, Fifth Army nd r..nc, ~ i_a-hth .Army. 0 b. f\irective, Loca.1 Defense PlHns, Alli~d Force He11.d qu~rters, dated 6 Janu~ry 1g45, AG 370.6/005, defines the responsibility for the preservRtion of la and order anrl for the prevention of sabotage in re~r of Army a.reaR, and phices such responsib "_l ity in 8reP.s under Alli ,d MilitP.ry overnment control under the local Allied 1il itRry Gov ,rnm~nt . ' hen th~ locA.l All ;ed Military Gov,..,rnm ..,nt ne .,r!s additiona 1 assistA.nce th y are authorized "r,y the r-ihove dir ., ctive to appeal to the local District ' B~se SMtion) Area or sub-ar a comf'!ander. 6 . G0C, 1 DTQ'l' IC'T' AND AREA, ·rn11 PRTI-ARE PLAl\!S .L OR: 0 a. en, P~Nn SULAR BASE SEC'T1IQTIT, NOR'T'H OF ROMC General (;round defense of thei.r respectiv~-.:- sec t ors. �b . Gm~rdinO" and security of local area occmpi ,d by :its corimand post and i nsta.llAtfons . c . Guarding naval shore installations w;thin respective sectors, where suffj c1. ,nt nPval personnel fl.r ,.., not available . n7 . C0-0RDINATJ0fJ 0 DEFF,l'-TSE PLA ·1S. noc, 1 Distrj ct and CO, PBS, Jorth of name Arf:!,9 , r-1rA r.uthoriz d to contact directly, for the following purposes, thos _, 15th Army Group, T-faval :md Air units which may be gtn.tion d within the Dfatrict or Ba.se boundar 4 ~s: a. o Pr"'parat:fon :md submission of local def~nse plans . b . Integration o"' local rl"f .,ns District or Base . J plans with ov Jrt-=111 defcns plan · n8 . Bomm.A..R IES . Propos d def,.,nse bound Ari s 1,etw ,en , RVal, Air Pnd District (Base Section) locRlities ;:ind insfallations for th ._, guarding and security of local installHtions 1-Jill be su"r)mi tted to this Headquarters for agr .,ement by r~sponsibl, command _,rs . EL'iERGE t•JCY I\ T'T'IJORIZATIO J. In th- .,vent thAt resources under your commnnd nre inBde'l_uat deal wHh hostiL acts, the following actions ar.., authorized: nq. to a . In an imm·"'di nt ._, emerR; ... ncy, GOG, 1 District and CO, PBS, North of Rome Areit, mrtv d ... al r!irectly ?J"ith thos'"' 15th Army Group units which may be stA.tion ,d ¥i thin the District or Bas boundari , s 'l'his Headquarters will he notified immediately such Action is tnk.,n. e b . Und Jr all oth,.~r circumsbmces, requ_,sts for additional troop r ,Jinforc n ,nts will lie made to this HeadquP.rters. ~formal suprort will be furnished ½y Fifth Army to PBS, 11orth of Rome Area, f!nd by Wghth Army to 1 District . n 10. FIF'TP At E G:.r'l1f-IARMY SUPPORT . Fifth and Eighth Arrni s will bSJ prepR.red to move wj thin 24 hours aft,r bein~ alerted by this HeadquArt . . rs, 1 ROT or Jnf Boe Group, both motoriz..,d, to PBS , r-.Jorth of Rom~ . r ,P. , !'1.nd 1 istrict resp ,ctiv ly. n11. QR!:IDTD D'PiFE~rs-s J)INJ 0F 1 DTSTHicrr AND PBS , NORTH OF RCME AREA WILL MAK)~ FROVI .STO ,TS F0R THE Fr'LLf,JPrG: a . Coastal ~t~ol: - h, patrol syst m will be int ...,gra.t ... d with th..., ?QJd FL"'<:ed D .. f .,ns., Command, off- shore nPVRl patrol nnd air ratrol plans . Reserves: GOC, 1 Di trict and CO, PBS, Horth of RomP- Are~ , s rv.., of a.prroxirn.Htely battalion strenrth, motoriz d . will each c. rrraffic Control: Ground defense traffic control restrictions �required in event of a bona-fide al,,rt will not b, used in prActice aLrts. d . Sif!nai CoTJ1m1mica.tions: anc, 1 District and co, J"BS, forth o Rom Area, are r sponsjbl for th,, installr,tion rmd operation of District and Base Ground Def .,nse communications system . A lat ral, ' tie-in ' , between 1 District nnd PBS , North of Rome Area will be eff cted . e . Guarding of vital installations: Plan will r rovid,, for the i:1,uar<ling of th , following installritions And fA,cilities: (1) Depots And dumps. (2) .,aint~manc., faciliti s . ( '3) RailroA.d hridg s . (4) I iP-hwa.y bridges . ( 5) Power installA.tions . (6) Pumpi ng stations . (7) Gasoline pipe-lin -,s. (8) Ports and install~tions . f . Evacu~_tion of critic1-1l it ,Jms of supply: DP-fa~ l ,d plpns vill 0 . critical Hems of supply and installptjons . he following will he indicnted: (1) T.yp _.. supply and insta 11.A tion . (2) Tom1F'!ge ( est:imr,1ted) . (3) Number and type ships required in addition to avnilHble rail tonnage, (estimat d) . (4) Evacua tion priority list . be pr ,,pA.red for th~ ,,vacutition g. Demolitions. ( 1) G n.Jral Policy: Th_, mount of time necessary for the evacuatfon of critical items o+" supply ~nd instf:l.ll2tions cPnnot b estima.ted . Demnlition plnns ill be lexible ~nd must cov ,,r a.11 stocks and installRtfons which would be of us to th--- ,,n ,my Hnd which Cf-1.rmot be evacu9ted . (2) Implementation: Demolition plans will be implemented in three phas s: Phnse 1: Reconnaiss,mce ~md prepBration of detail d demolition pl.!:lns, in order of priority and co-ordinrted with t 1 eva cuation plan . PhP se ? : (a) Requisitioning Pnd storBge of ...,,xrlosives A.nd other deMolition suppli,s . (b) r lPcing men sures ('3) o.c- chPr~ .,s Pnd such other pre15..minr,-1ry as can b., tr-i.bm wi tl7 out mA.t ... rfa 1 darnA.ge to stocks or installations . ( c) Guarding of prep::i red chfl.rges Rgr-d nst sabotage . PhA,S,, 3: F:x..., cution of demolitions . Timing. (a) Thase l - Rt once . (b) Phas8 2 and 3 '"" ill be rut into action in one of the follm in~ cjrcumstances: }. On rec ipt of orders +"rom this HeRdqunrt ..,rs. 2 In th_.. event of res onsibility for ord'-'ring any pR.rticulRr demolHions b .,ing delegat .,d to 1 �Fifth or Eighth Armies, on r.,ceipt of orders from CG, Fi {·th Army or GOG, Eighth Army. ] . Demolit:ion Belts: a . Plans f'or th _. establishment of oemolition b,lts (destruction of roads, brjdges, culv rts, etc . ) d.,signed against a bret:1.kthrough from th., 1\Jorth wjll be co-ordinat d by PBS, ~orth of Rome AreR, Pnd 1 District 1ith Fifth Rnd Eir::hth Armies resy-ectiv Jly . ~. Demolition b lts designer against sea and airborn., l1mdL."'1P,s will be provided for at the di cret:ioE of GOG, 1 District A.nd CO, PBS , orth of Rom . . Ar ,a, . f;; Military and Jivil stocks R.nd instalbtions: In cas Js wherv ,.,vacwtion or whol ,sale destruction is impossibL, plans 'dll rrovide for the rJmoval or destruction of vital compon~nts, i.e . , shell- uz s, ess ,,ntinl rmd irr . . pla.c ... A.ble parts of machinery • .2 • Naval nnd Air Force stocks and installations: Demo Hion :rlA.ns will he coord1nnt ..d with those of the favy 1-1.nd Air Force units within their resp ctive areas . All J'OS9ible assistAnce will be giv . . n to th ~m in the ,x.,cution of th ~ir demolition plans • .§. Si'mnl communicR.tions: Plrms "lill be rr 0rn red , a: med Rt pl.8 cine t~lephone :md cRrrier termina l equipment inoper~tj v ,., for R minimum p -~ riod of one month by the r ,mow~.l of such components which c,:in b., removed nt the last possible momP-nt . Demolition of nignRl ~nstRll~tions and equipm ✓nt will h-~ carried out onlv on orders f'rom 15th Army Group. 1 of R h. Liaison: Initial liaison contacts "lill be made. In the event born=t-·· ide al(~rt , plrms will provide th::1t liaison officers can be sent by: (1) 1 Distr:i ct to 15th Army Group, _s4ghth Army, nnd PBS, t, orth of Rome Ar Al . (2) PBS, rrorth o Rome Area , to 15th Army Group, Fifth Army Hnd 1 District . i. Al rts: (1) Alert warnings will b~ tr,msmitted by telephone and radio ·n the clear i n the ev~nt of nny impending nisturhRnce or attn.ck. (2) The A. C. of S, G- 3 (Duty O.fficer), 1 ·5 th Army Group will be alert~d by telephone - telAphone numb r Filpot 3 (day or night). ,j. Practice Alerts: Practice a.l0rts will be conducted 7ith the schedule ArrangAd to permit n full cov rR.ge of the r~spective sectors one~ per month . �( u 12. 'T'RA I NING. 1 District and PBS, rrorth of Rome Area., will submj t monthly reports to this Feadquarters on typ -✓ nnd amount o training devoted to Ground Def,,nse plan subjects . n l '3 . INSPF. crrrnr-,rs . a . GOG, 1 District and CO, FBS, North of Rone AreA , ~rill set up, ' Inspection Teams ', to check traininf'. programs , rrRctic., alerts, and provisions of r8spectiv~ Ground D ..fense plans . b. r Jriodic inspections •;ill be r,ede hy this Headquerters . A,. Ground D fense plans will be snbrri.i tted to th is HendquH.rtcrs not l~_ter th,m 15 February. b. by l DetRiled ..,w:1 cu::-ition Pnd demolition plRns will be submitted 1qrch. tt General ClR.rk yesterdRy receiv d the following ra.dio from General Al . xand r: ----- RN. F15940 . "SACMED considers that the tim , has now arrived when you should complete your plAns for attacking and pursuing the enemy in the event of his withdrawjng from his present positions or weakening his present front to such an extent as to offer profitable opportunity for attacks by you at your present strength . Please forward earliest poss ible for i nformation of SACniED outline of your plan in such eventuality together with statement of notice in hours required by you to put plan into ffect . 0 nsACMED will decide in consultation with you when the right moment for launchinr:; any such attacks has arrived . " General Clark today replied to the above as follows: RN SGS92 . nReference your nessage Fl5940 please note paragraph 2 of my letter 24 January to Army Commanders . I h.~.ve a lready Fi lerted my Army Commanders to probability of an early attack with their present strengths . Eighth Army attack will not include ampM.bian operation if launched prior to 15 March . Oth . . . rwise plan remains genAral same as that contained in Janm~ry 24 letter . "Fifth Army will attack with main effort west of Highway #65. If operation is launched in Februar y, Fifth rmy will continue to hold Mt . Grande . ttpresent rest a.nd training schedules will not be interrupted at this t:i.me . Will require from seven to ten days to put into effect set piece attRck. Both armies will probably attack simultcneously. Will follow up enemy withdrawals wjthout delay. " �( FLORENCE--JANUARY 29 , 1945--General Clark, accompanied by GenerPl Brann, left Florence by road at 0715 to visit Eighth Army units . They reached 5 Corps Headquarters in Terra Del Sole at about 1000 hours . Here General Clark was met by Lieutenant General Mccreery and conferred with him as well as with the Corps Commander, Lieutenant General C. F . Keightley. Afterwards he partook of a cup of tea in the Corps Commander's mess , and he presented Lt . Col . Cornah with the Legion of Merit in the D gree of OfficJr . Colonel Cornah , now commanding an Indian Battalion, was previously GS0-1 (Ops) at 15th Army Group Headquarters . Leavin~ 5 Corps Headquarters just before 1100 hours, GenP-ral ClRrk drove to the Canadian sector . He was met at a cros sroP_ds by Lt . Gen . Foulkes, Commt1nding the 1st Canadian Corps , and Ma..j . Gen . Foster, Com\ manding the 1st Canadian Infantry Di vision . General Foster presented to General Clark the offic __..rs of the 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade . The _G enerals then drove to the headquarters of the 3rd Canadia.n Infantry Brigade in Bagna Cavallo just over a mile from the Senio River . Here he met officers of the brigade . The Generals climbed a tower in the town which was in use as a.n OP . The party then drove to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division Headquarters where the General met officers of the Divisional Headquarters . The next stop was at the 9th British Armored Brigade Headquarters commanded by Brigadier R. B. B. Cooke, an old friend of General Clark from the days when 10 Corps was in Fifth Army. Brigadier Cooke was at that time BGS 10 Corps under Genera.1 ,1cCreery. At this headquarters General Clark met not only officers of the 9th Armored Brigade but also of the 2nd Canadian Infantr:v Brigade . The part:r then drove to Canadian Corps Headquarters where General Clark was entertained at luncheon by General Foulkes . Also at luncheon were senior officers of the corps staff and brigadier commanders from the 5th Canadian Armored Division, which at the time was out of the Bne and resting in a rear area. The 5th Cana.dian Armored Division Commander was not present . At this point Gen9ral Clark also met Captain WilliA.rn Leona.rd (an Am rican citizen servi ng in th , Ca.nadian Army) whose uncle was a classmate of Ge11eral Chirk at the United States Military Academy and who served with him in the 5th Division in the first World War . After luncheon GeneraJ. Clark went to the headquart,.,rs of the Cremona Gruppo . This gruppo was the fir st to be actiV8.ted and committed of a new series o.r Italian formations being equipped and tra1.ned by the Eighth Arr.ny. They were 8.t this time holding the extreme easternmost sector of the Allied ,, line in Italy. Ge~eral Clark met the Gruppo Comm~mder, General Primieri, ~ / e: and other officers of the headquarters ,=ind also o. ficers of the British y, 1, liaison unit attachqd to the Gruppo , headed by Lt . Col. Webb-Carter . i The party drove about two miles out of Rri.venna and saw troops of the Gruppo in training . After tM s the party drove to a. sma ll air strip in use by a,n artillery OP squadron . Gen -~ rPls Clark And Brann flew back to Florence in L- 5' s, arriving at the command post at about five o' clock . The General worked on papers in his office for a short ·while and then �went to his villa for dinner and the evening . * * * FLORENCE--JANUARY 30 , 1945- -The General arrived at his headquarters at a.b out 1100 hours . BrigadLr Floyd , Chief of Staff of the Eighth .Army, with Briga- d · er Packard, Army Group Deputy Chief of Staff, lunched -with the Army Group Corimander . After lunch the General returned to his villa and spent the remainder of the day and evening . * * * rGE--JA-ITJARY 31, 1945--Major Gen~ral Sousloparov and Major General Kislenko of the Allied Commission arrived at the headquarters to see General Clark . Genera.l Kislenko is to replace General Sousloparov as the Russian representative to the Allied Commission in Italy. FLORE * * 1* FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 1, 1945•-The General spent the morning in his office conferring with Genera.ls Cannon, Gruenther, Brann and Brigadier .Hirsch. 1320 the General left by road, accomps.nied by Brigadier Packard. At I The Army Group Commander drove to the Headquarters of the South African Eng:tneer Railway Construction Group which is in Prato. He met the commanding officer of the group, Colonel W. H. Evans, his second in command, and officers commanding some of the companies in the group . General Clark spoke briefly to the company, praising their work and achievements in the past. The Group was, in a sense, "nobody's baby" but that did not alter the fact that its work was known and appreciated. The General, accompanied by Colonel Evans, then inspected two of the tunnels on the Florence-Bologna Railway, on which the group was then working. Of the 80 kiloneters of railroe.d, some 45 were below ground, and there weie, in all, some 35 tunnels . Of particular interest was the main Apennine tunnel, whose near end at Vernio the General inspected. Here the Germa.n de·m olitions had caused the tunnel to be flooded, and it seemed almost more like an underg.roi.md river than a railway tunnel. General Clark left the Group and drove to Castiglione del Pepoli, arriving at about 1600. He was entertained at tea by General VI. H. Poole, Commander of the 6th South African Armored Division. Present were Generals Truscott, Keyes and Crittenberger. At 1700 took place a parade in honor of th~ 2nd anniversary of the forming of the division. Th.ts took the form of "The Sunset Ceremony". In the main square of the village there was drawn up a guard of honor and two bands. Facing them was a reviewing stand, flanked by the flags of the United States and Great Britain. In the center of the square on a rather taller flagpole there were four buglers. Gerera.1 Cla.rk took his place on the rostrum, flanked by Generals Truscott · and Poole. The parade was called to the "present" · and the General salute given. Each band then in turn played sti rring marching ttmes. The para.de was again called to attention. Retreat was sounded on the �bugles, and the three national flags were lowered while the national anthem of South Africa was played . The brass band then played "Abide With Me" as the sun was setting. Each band played a.gain. All the troops on parade then marched past General Clark, who took the salute. The pipe band then returned to the square, formed a circle and played Highland marches, reels, and strathspeys as the Generals and other officers left the ceremony. After this the assembled officers were the guests of the South Africa.ns in their club . General Clark cut the Division's birthday cake with a sword. A part of the brass ·band which had been playing during the ceremony vas present in the club~ They played regimental marches, including "Sarie Marais" . Just before General Clark left, the assembled company let themselves go with "For He's A Jolly Good Fellow". The General drove back to his headquarters , arriving shortly before 2000 hours . He immediately had dinner with the regulax members of his mess and played eards in the evening. ~ General Clark today sent the following cable to General McCreary: ~~> ~ RN SGSlOl. "There are increasing indications that addition-~l enemy forces may be in process of. withdrawal from Italy. Our enemy order of battle m~y no longer be accurate. I desire to emphasize again the extreme importance of capturing prisoners along .'your entire. '. arniyufront. You will take necessary action to secure ' prisoners from front of each of your divisions at least once every three days . Operations may take form of reconnaissance in force or set piece attack of battalion size if necessary. If additional ammunition required request should be made this headquarters without delay.rt General Clark also cabled Gemral Truscott as follows along the same lines: RN SGSlOO. "There are increasing indications that Additional enemy forces may be in process of withdrawal from Italy. Our enemy order of battle may no longer be accurate. I destre to emphe.size again the extreme importance of capturing prisoners along your entire army front. You will take necessary action to secure prisoners from front of each of your divi sions at least once every three days. Operations may take form of reconnaissance in force or set piece attack of battalion size if necessary. During past week usually reliable source.s have reported withdrawal German troops from 92nd Division front. Submit plans for early attack by 92nd Division in order to determine enemy situation on this front." * * * F.LORENCE--FEBRUARY 2, 1945-The General spent the morning in his office conferring with General Cannon, Brigadier Hirsch, General Brann and General Gruenther. At 11.30 General Brann, General Gruenther e.nd Colonel Oxx, Commanding Officer of the Peninsular Base Section, conferred with the General regarding Leghorn defenses. The General lunched at his headquarters, and after lunch returned to his villa for the afternoon and evening. �FLOREOOE--FEBRUARY 3, 1945--The General worked in his office all day today. In the afternoon the Army Group Commander held a conference with the chief members of his staff, including General Gruenther, General Brann, General Nalder, General Hornby, General Tate, and Brigadier Ritchie. After the conference the General had the members of his staff for tea in the conference hut. The General spent the evening playing cards with Gereral Gruenther, General Brann, General Tate and Colonels Saltzman and Lazar and remained at the command post tonight. * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 4, 1945--General Clark oonferred with Brigadier Hirsch, General Gruenther and General Brann. He lunched at the headquarters and at 1500 General Truscott came to confer with General Clark. At 1530 . General l~Craery joined General Truscott and General Clark and conferred for an hour. The General then retired to his villa for the remainder of the afternoon and evening. * ( * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY ~ 1945--The General arrived at the headquarters at 1000 hours, and at 1100 hours decorated with the Legion of Merit Colonel Horn of the Signal Section, 15th Army Group, and Colonel Riepe of the G-3 Section. Lt. Col. Sutherland, former aide to Gemral Clark and later with the G-2 Section of Ninth Army, lunched with General Clark at noon today. After lunch the Army Group Commander retired to the villa for the remainder of the day. * * * FLORENCE-FEBRUARY 6, 1945--The General spent most of the day in his office conferring with members of his staff. In the afternoon Mr. Gowran of the Chicago Tribune called to see General Clark. After his interview with ~. Gowran, General Clark left the headquarters and went to his villa for the afternoon and evening. General Clark received the following letter from General McCreary today with regard to future operations= n 1. ---- \ GENERAL. In accordance with ~rour request I attach to this letter my outline plan for the offensive operations to be carried out by Eighth Army in the Spring. In a.ddition I wish to bring to your notice certain facts in respect of re-organization, equipment and weather, all of which have a material bearing on the date by which Eighth Army can attack to the greatest advantage and thereby exert maxi mum pressure on the enemy. �) "2. COMBAT EFFICIENCY OF EIGHTH ARMY APRIL - MAY 19tt.2. During the next two months four divisions under my command are due to re-organise nnd expand. The divisions are:56th (London) Division 2 NZ Division 3 Carpathian Division 5 Kresowa Division. At the present time all these divisions consist of only two infantry brigades. Under the re-organisation plan each division will absorb and train an additional i nfantry brigade. 6 British Armoured D:lvision is due to re-organise 1 Guards Brigade. The plan involves the inter-change of personnel with 24 Guards Brigade. 61 Infantry Brigade of 6 British Armoured Division is due to re• organise so as to include 1 KR.RC and the addition of a Support Company. Owing to commitments in the line it is not possible for the reorganisation of the Guards Brigades and 61 Infantry Brigade to commence until the end of February. It will not be possible for re-organisation and training to run simultaneously. The re-organisation itself will take up to a fortnight to complete before training can begin. On the assumption that it will ta1ce a division Rt least one month to train an additional infantry brigade then 6 British Armoured Division should be available for operations at full strength by the 15th April. 56 Division is to absorb 24 Guards Brigade under a re-organisat i on programme which will run concurrently with that of 6 Bri t i sh Armoured Division. This Division will therefore be available for operations by the same date. · 2 NZ Division commences re-organisation in early March and will be ready at full strength by 15April. I would point out that all the divisions in Eighth Anny have been in the line for long periods, this applies in particular to 6 British Armoured Division and 78 Division who have been in mountainous country for many weeks. It is absolutely necessary that divisions who have had no experience of fighting in the PO Valley, with its peculiar difficulties, should have time to train for this type of country which is ent:i.rely different from the terrain to which they have become a ccustomed. The specific operation to be undertaken is one that will require special and detailed training. The case of the two Polish divisions is"different in thnt the personnel in the new brigades are not trained soldiers, and although these new infantry brigades do already exist I consider thnt they will not be fit for o~fensive operations before 15th April. It is apparent from this programme that the offensive stren~th �of Eighth Army will be augmented by no less than four brigades after the middle of April . "3 . LVsT. ~ employment of a force of LVsT on my right flank is a major factor in my plan and one to which I attach great importance . On present information the full number of LVsT required for training in LAKE TRASIMP-NE a.rea vrill not be assembled in the training area before 25th March. As a result of a Sta.ff Conference held at my Headquarters and attended by senior representatives from A.F . H.Q. it became evident tha,t a period of not less than 18 days must be allowed between the time the ship arrives at the port and the LVefr arrive a.t LAKE TRASIMENE for training purposes . This period is accounted for by the fact that 10 days are required to service the vehicle and make certain modifications. The other 8 days are required to cover the unloading of the ships and movement by transporter from the coast to LAKE TRASIMENE . A smaller number will arrive a.t the training area before 25th March but no acceleration in the training programme will result. After careful examin~tion it is considered that at lea.st one month will be required between the time that the full number of training vehicles is availabl e at LAKE TRASIMENE and the date when an operation is po s sible. Of this period one week will be required for crew training, one week for Flotilla training, one week for combined training with the infantry who are to operate in the vehicles and one week to concentrate the personnel and take over operational vehicles . I have ta.ken steps to commence the training immedietely of one LVT TTnit formed out of RASC personnel, which unit should be ready for operations by about 25th Aprj_l . The second L'\rr Unit will be formed from the personnel of 27 L and one squadron <?f 121. These two regiments are a.t the present time in the ljne as infantry but will be relieved during the present month. Owing to the numbers of men that hs.ve to be trained and the late date of arr:i.val of the LVsT in ItA.ly this second unit will not be ready for operations unt:i.1 the f'irst week in May. Before this second unit can operate all training vehicles will have to be moved from LAKE TRASIMENE to the battle area and in addition have certain modifications made before they can be considered as operational vehicles . To give the operation every every way desirable for the operation plete Brigade Groups can be lifted in dice success by the employment of one chance of success I consider it in to take place at a time when two comthese vehicles rather than to prejuBrigade at a slightly earlier date . "4. WEATHER. All records po:i..nt to the fact that April is a rainy month . The rivers and streams fed from the Apennine watershed are still liable to flooding during this month. The enemy is fully aware of this and has therefore prepared The Eastern bank of the SENIO for demolition so as to take advantage of this fact . In A;ril the rate of evaporation from the soil is lower than in May, so that the ground will retain wet and mud for a longer period after rain . So that I can deploy my superiority in armour it is important that the offensive should be launched when the weather and the going are reasonably good . I hope it will be possible for me to employ a PRrachute Brigade in these operations . The successful employment of such a �( Brigade is dependent to a very large degree on favourable weather, which is another strong argument in favour of a later date rather than an earlier date . tt5 . AIR. Toview of the fact that the over- all striking power of my Army has been materially curtailed by recent decision?, it is more than ever important that maximum air support should be given a.t the commencement of my attack. In my view, for a mj_nirnum of two days, the total air effort in ITALY should be p11:lced at my disposal . I submit, therefore, that consideration should be given to the advisability of staggering the attacks of Fifth US Army and Eighth Army so that each in turn can derive maximum benefit from air support . If, as the Spring advances, time becomes more pressing then it might be advisable for Fifth US Army to attack before Eighth Army. "6. THE PLAN. My plan is based on the maximum concentration of force at the vital points of attack . As a result the hilly sectors of the Army front will be lightly held by the minimum number of troops and those troops in the main formations that are least suited for offenaive operations . This grouping will inevitable make the cover plan difficult but under the circumstances this will have to be accepted . I hold the view tha.t in early May tanks, and in particular those equipped with Platypus tracks, will be able to operate in the PO Valley. In addition to the pla.n attached to this letter I have instructed my Corps to be prepared to follow up the enemy should he a.t any time carry out a major withdrawal. In this event I propose to open up three main axes of advance:Route 16 Route LUGO-N!ASSA LOMBARDA-MEDICINA-BUDRIO Route 9n General McCreary' s Outline Plan of attack is as follows: INTENTION. Eighth Army will establish a bridgehead over the River SANTERNO with a view to rapid exploitation NORTH towards FERRARA in conjunction with operations of the 5 US Army Westwards towards OOLOGNA. "l. POSSIBLE GROUPING. 5 CORPS. 56 (London) Division. 78 Division 2 NZ Division 8 Indian Division 2 Armd Bde 9 Armd Bde (less 7 Hand 14/20 H). 21 Taruc Bde 2 Para Bde 2 Commando Bde Cremona Gruppo �9 .Armd Bde to include 4 H capBble of lifting two ba.tte.lions in ¥..ANGAROOS. ) 2 POLISH CORPS J Carpathian Division 5 Kresowa Division 2 Polish Armd Bde 7 Arrnd .Bde 43 Ghurka Bde Fruili Gruppo Jewish Bde. 7 H (KANGAROO lift for one battalion). 13 CORP2. 10 Indian Division (12 battalions). 2 HLI Lovats .Scouts One Gruppo 14/20 H. Army Reserve. 6 Brit Armd Div or one division shown as being under 5 Corps. n3. CORFS TASKS. CORPS will:a) Establish a bridgehead across the River SENIO between incl S POLITO 3640 and incl S SEVERO 3233. (b) Establish a bridgehead over the River SANTERNO to include MASSA LOMBARDA 2741. (c) Be prepared to exploit rapidly Northwards on the axis BASTIAARGENTA-FERRARA. {d) Mount an operation across the VALLE DI OOMA.CCHIO employing specia.l equipment with a view to seizing the ARGENI'A GAP. This latter operation not to be put into effect until a firm bridgehead across the River SANTERNO has been established. 2 POLISH CORPS will:Establish a bridgehead acros s the River SENIO between excl S SEVERO 3233 and incl FELISIO 3031. (b) Establish a bridgehead over the River SANTERNO to include MORDA O 2536, this bridgehead to link up with the bridgehead over the River SANTERNO established by 5CORPS. (c) Be prepared to exploit with mobile forces (i) On the axis MORDA.NO 2536 - FANTAZZA 1844 - MEDICINA 1245. ( ii) On the axis CASOLA CA.NINA 1536 - CASTEL S PIETRO 0837. Tasks (a) and (b) will be timed to synchronise with the operations of 5 Corps. "<af \ J\ �. 13 CORPS will:(a) Hold the Corps front and practise active deception. (b) As the operations of 2 POLISH CORPS outflank or cut off enemy troops opposing 13 CORPS make a general advance towards Route 9. (c) Be prepared to concentrate and come into Anny Reserve SOUTH of the APENMINES as soon as the enemy have been cleared up as far as the IEFI' Boundary of the Corps. "4. Preliminary Move. 2 POLISH CORPS will plan to take over as far NORTH as excl S SEVERO one month before D Day. "5. Alternative Grouping. If HQ 10 COP.:PS is available to Eighth Anny in April - 1/.8,Y it may be desirable to interpose HQ 10 CORPS between 5 CORPS and 13 CORPS so as to reduce the length of the front of 2 POLISH CORF'S. This will enable 2 POLISH CORPS to focus its whole attention on the sector of attack. tt * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 7, 1945--At 1000 hours this morning the Mahe.rajah of Dewas called to see General Clark. At 1030 Brigadier General Eberle and Brigadier Nicholson of the G-3 Section, AFHQ, who had just returned from a tour of the Fifth and Eighth Anny fronts, called to see the Army Group Commander. At noon General Mclarney arrived from Caserta, conferred with General Clark and remained for lunch. After lunch General Clark drove to the airport with General McNarney where he bade goodbye to the Theater CommRnder. Upon his return to the headquarters, the General saw Brigadier Hinde for a few minutes prior to his departure from the headquarters. The Brigadier was wj_th the G-4 Section of 15th Army Group Headquarters and is leaving for Belgium to take a new assignment. The General later in the afternoon departed for his villa. In the evening General Clark dined with Mr. and Mrs. Umberto Coletti returning early in the evening to his villa for the night. * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 8, 1945--~he General spent the morning in his office conferring with members of his staff. After lunch he retired to his villa for the afternoon and evening. * * * FLORET\JCE--FEBRUARY 9, 1945--General Clark spent today between his office and the villa and spent the ni~ht at the villa. �General Clark today replied to General McGreery•s letter of Februa~ 6th as follows: 1 "1. I have studied your letter dated 6 February, Subject, 'Operations' and the Outline Plan that accompanied it . I a.m well pleased with the scope of the plan and apprectate your cooperation in solving a difficult problem. "2. I am in accord with paragraph 1, 'Intentions', of your Outline Plan providing that the operation through the ARGENI'A GAP is feasible . However, any one of several factors may make it desirable for you t6 shift the direction of your main effort. For that reason I desire that after Eighth Army establishes a bridgehead over the River SANTERNO it be prepared to exploit North toward FERRARA or Northwest toward BUDRIO. "3. Your plan to hold 13 Corps front lightly is in accord with my thought. However, to hold the frontage indicated, including M. GRANDE, with the troops you have listed for 13 Corps aprears impossible . This of course is your responsibility, but I must insist that M. GRANDE be firmly held. The loss of this most critical feature would, as you are well aware, abort all of our carefully prepared plans for the offensive . Incidentally, your map shows that M. GRANDE is in the Fifth Army sector , but I am informed by my Chief of Staff that you understand clearl:v· that it is in the Eighth Army sector . I "4. I run aware of the advantages of postponing the attack untll May as envisioned in your letter . However, circumstances may require an allout 15th Army Group attack in April. I therefore desire that you complete plans for such an attack to be launched about 10 April. Since special equipment for an operation across the iTALLI di COMACCHIO will not be available by this date , and because it is believed the condition of the terrain in the ARGENI'A GAP will be unfavorable for large scale operation, it is desired that Eighth Anny plans for the early attack be based on a rapid exploitation m, towards BUDRIO after a bridgehead over the SANTERNO River has been established . "5. In paragraph 2 of my letter of 24 January, Subject: 'Future Operations', I stated that in the event of a major enemy withdrawal from Italy, 15th Army Group would attack as soon as possible . Such an attack continues to be a possibility, and, if ordered, will be executed following the same basic plan as the attack outlined in paragraph 3 above.n * * * FLORENCE-- FEBRUARY 10, 1945--At 1100 hours General Clark decorated and promoted the following officers of his headquarters at a small ceremony held in front of his office: Lt . Col. Walker, General Clark's personal pilot, and Master Sergeant Wilson, of the Chief of Staff Section, received the Legion of Merit, Master Sergeant Glotzbach, of the Adjutant General's Section, received the Bronze Star, and 2nd Lieutenants Porter and Bergman, of the Flight Section, were promoted to the rank of 1st Li eutenant . At 1130 hours Major General Duff, Quartermaster General of AFHQ, called with General Tate to see General Clark. �3D At 1230 General Foulkes, Comma.n ding General of the Canadian Corps, ca.me to confer with General Clark and remained for lunch. Just before lunch the Army Group Commander presented General Foulkes with the gift of a carbine. General Foulkes departed shortly after lunch . Following General Foulkes' departure, General Clark left the headquarters for his villa, and in the evening entertained Genera.ls Brann, Tate, Colonel Saltzman and Lt . Cols. Lazar and Ibold for dinner and poker . General Mccreery, today replied to General Clark's letter of yesterday as follows: \ n1. I am in receipt of your instruction of 9th February and have studied the points you raise in relation to my plan. "2. I fully realise that the main weight of the Eighth Army attack will have to be either Northwards towards FERRARA, or North,"Test towards BUDRIO. I submit that the right time to decide on which a.xis the main effort should be made is when the Eighth Anny have a firm bridgehead over the River SANTERNO. ''3. I note that in the event of an offensive before the special equipments arrive you desire the main effort of Eighth Army to be made Northwest towards BUDRIO. u4. I appreciate the importance of MmrrE GRANDE, and will ta.ke the necessary steps to ensure that this massif is securely held when it passes to my command." * * * FLORENCE-- FEBRUARY 11, 1945--The General spent the day between his office and the villa and spent the night at the villa . General Clark today wrote General Truscott as follows with regard to future operations: "l. I have studied your comments on plans for f uture operations and am pleas~d that you are in accord with the general plan as I outlined it to you at our conference on 4 February. "2. I agree that it is desirable to clear the area up to the general line PIANORO - PRADURO - M. MANTINO and to use that line as a ba,se for future operations. I believe that this area West of Highway 64 can be cleared by II Corps as part of the main attack and that it may be possible for the 10th Mountain Division to reach the general line M. PERO - M. MANTINO - VILLA D AIANO - M. BELVEDERE in time to be relieved by the BEF and moved to a reserve position before the main attack is launched . It is essential that operations West of Highway 64 be conducted without drawing strong enemy reserves to that area. If the general line PIANORO - \ �( �I 31 PRADURO - ~1ANTINO is reached a.s indicated above, it is certainly desirable to give careful consideration to a strong attack generally NW from the PRADURO area to strike the BOLOGNA defenses at their weakest point in preference to a continuation of the ·main attack on BOLOGNA between Highway 64 and 65. However, as I have explained to you previously, I cannot agree to a main attack generally NW a.long the high ground West of Highway 64. . . "3 . I note that you suggest that Eighth Army make an effort from M. GRANDE . I agree that an attack from M. GRANDE, if made in strength, might produce effective results, but th0 reduction in strength of E1.ghth Army, with which you are familiar, makes it impossible to concentrate sufficient forces in the main effort of that army and also attack from M. GRANDE in strength. "4. Present plans for Eighth Army's attack include the employment of special equipment for an operation across the VAILI di COMACCHIO. This equipment will not be available for operation before 1 May. Since an all out attack before that date is probable, I ha.ve instructed the GOC, Eighth Army to prepare plans for an attack about 10 April and about l May. You will also prepRre plans for full-scale attacks on these dates. n55. In paragraph 2 of my letter of 24 January, Subject: 1 Future Operations', I stated that in the event of a major enemy withdrawal / from Italy, 15th Army Group would attack as soon as possible. Such e.n attack continues to be a possibility, and, if ordered, will be executed following the same basic plan prepared for the later attack. " * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 12, 1945--The General arrived at his headquarters at 0930. General of the Army, George C. Marshall, U.S . Army Chief of Sta.ff; General McNarney, Commanding General of MI'OUSA; and Colonel McCarthy, War Department Secretary General Sta.ff, arrived from Pisa by car at 1230. General Clark greeted Generals Marshall and McNarney a.nd a guard of honor was held for General Marshall with the following units represented: 1st Bn., 135th Infantry Regimen~, 34th Division; Division Special Troops, 92nd Infantry Division; Brazilian Composite Pla.toon, 1st Infantry Divisi'on, BEF;,.__,~ , t Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders; 3/8th Punjabs, 19th Indian Infantry Brigade, 8th Indian Division; 166th Newfoundland Field Regiment; Special Service Battalion, 6th South African Armored Division; 24th Guards Brigade, Welsh Guards; 2nd Battalion Inpiskillings, Irish; 1st Canadian Armored Brigade, 1st Canadian Corps; Defense Company, Headquarters 2nd Polish Corps; 26th Battal!on, 2nd New Zealand Division; 67th Regiment Legnano, Italian; Platoon of Italian partisans; Three .American nurses from 't>th Evacuation Hospital; Four WACS, Fifth Army; Four ARC girls from Florence contingent; Two ATS girls, 15th Army Group; One Indian nurse, 18th Indian General Hospital; South African, British and Canadian nurses from 107th S. A. General Hospital.~ After the guard of honor General ClPrk and General McNarney returned to General Clark's office with General Marshall, and General Clark oriented �( General Marshall on the Italian situation in his war room. At 1300 hours the Army Group Commander enterta.ined General Marshall at a buffet lunch in his hut. The following-guests were present: General -~ arshall, General McNarney, General Hull, Colonel McCarthy, General ~cCreery, General Keightley, General Foulkes, General Anders , General Cannon, Ai:r Commodore Leese, General Gruenther, General Saltzma.n, Colonel McMahon, Brigadier Hirsch, General Bra.nn, Gemral Ta.ta, Lt. Col. Ostler, General Hornby, General Coxwell-Rogers, Gereral Nalder , Colonel Grogan, Colonel a. C. Smith, Colonel Sanceau, Colonel Monfort, Colonel Negroni and Interpreter, Captain Savary. During the lunch General Marshall chatted with General Clark, General McCreery and General Anders. After lunch General Marshall s~oke briefly to the assembled officers, pointing out that the Italian campaign was the most perfect example of magnificent teamwork bet ~reen many different nationalities fighting together for one common cause. The General of the Army then gave a brief resume of the war on the eastern front, western front , the war in the Pacific and in the China-Burma area. After General MArshall's talk, General Clark and General i1arshall returned to General Clark's office where they put on warm clothing for a trip to Fifth Army. The party left the command post at 1515 in sedans. Arriving at a poiht on the Mount Altuzzo road where sedans could not pass, the party changed to jeeps, and Generals Clark and Marshall travelled together over the Mount Altuzzo road into Firenzuola and thence to the Fifth Army cormna.nd post. Upon their arrival at Fifth Army at 1730, they were met by General Truscott and his Chiefs of Sections. General Truscott entertained Generals P. arshall, Clark and . cNa.rney for dinner and the night. Operations Instruction #3 was issued today and reads as follows: "1. It is estimated that the German preparations for a withdrawal to the line of the ADIGE are now complete, and that the plan can be put into operation at short notice, if not already started. There are, however, no factual indications that the plan will be put into effect at any stated time. The enemy would prefer, other things being equal, to remain on his present line and retain control of the whole area of Northern ITALY at present in his hands for various reasons. He will withdraw, therefore, only because of other and more important considerations and in particular because of the need of detaching troops for other theatres. If and when the enemy decides to withdraw, he will execute the withdrawal from his present front only under pressure. The amount of resistance which he will offer will vary according to the extent to which he has already thinned his front. 2. The enemy can shorten his present line by withdrawing his left to the line VALLI DI CO MACCHIO - MEDIC INA - Mr. GRANDE, allowing him to release up to three to four divisions. If the enemy releqses more than this number it will probably involve a withdrawal to the line of the TICINO and PO and subsequently to his strongest prepared positions - the ADIGE or the AU'S lines. 0 "3. The enemy can be credited with three capabilities: �33 ( a. To assume the offensive. b. To remain on present positions , and when forced, to withdraw to successive positions. c. To withdraw voluntarily to a pos~tion behind the PO to enable him to release divisions for other the~1tres. "4. There is no firm evidence of any large-scale withdrawal although prepP..rations to withdraw from Western ITALY still continue. Based on pa.st performance it can be assumed the enemy will adopt the second of his capabilities, making us fight for any ground we desire. See G-2 15 Army Group Appreci ation No. 39, dated 5 Feb, attached at Appx 'A' for detailed analysis. "5. 15th Army Group is charged v:nth the mission of: a. b. c. Holding present positions in event of an enemy offensive. Containing the maximum number of enemy divisions in ITALY. Bringing the enemy to battle to destroy German forces in ITALY. d. Finally clearing ITALY of the enemy. "6. In line with the assigned r'li. ssion, 15th Army Group plan of operations will be staged in three phases: Phase I - Phase II - Capture and establishment of a bridgehead around IDLOGNA. Developing the PO River position. Cros sing the PO with the object of capturing VERONA and scaling the main outlet out of ITALY and developing the ADIGE river position. Phase ITT- It is operationally desirable that each phase follow the other without pause. For phase lines and bourrlary between Armies, see the map attached at Appx 'B'. "7. After BOLOGNA is captured and the bridgehead established, it is desired that the attack be continued to cross the PO and capture VERONA as soon as practicable . The main axis of 15th Army Group attack will be on a line BOLOGNA - VERONA . ng. It is considered th~.t a thrust by 15th Army Group directly Uorth on VERONA from BOLOGNA bridgehead would cause the enemy to withdraw from !ffl ITALY, thereby making large-scale operations in NW ITALY unnecessary. tt9. After operations outlined in paragraph 6 have been accomplished and if the situation at the time permits, it will be operationally desirable to seize bridgeheads over the ADIGE river and to capture PADUA a.nd VENICE without pause. If, however, the enemy elects to defend the ADIGE line in strength, it will probably be necessary to halt and regroup and to prepare for a formal river crossing . "10. The enemy may decide to withdraw from NW ITALY for the ree.sons �enumerated in paragraph 1 and/or because of a. collapse of German resistance, a decision to surrender, or, most likely, because our attack tOW"ard VERONA is threatening his major line of withdrawal . In the event he decided to withdraw from NW ITALY, he may follow one of -two procedures: a . To withdraw all organised resistance from NW ITALY to a line of the TICINO - PO or other prepared lines . Provided this withdrawal occurs prior to our taking BOLOGNA, it will be highly desirable to open the port of GENOA to send in administrative personnel, food-stuffs, AlvG representatives, etc. b . To withdraw from NW ITALY in conjunction with his withdrawal from his present position. In this event FIFTH ARMY is charged with the protection of 15th Army Group left flank . As our attack progresses toward VERONA, and when enemy resistance in NW ITALY has les.s encd to a degree permitting, IV US Corps, operating under 15th Army Group oontrol, will be detachBd from FIFI'H ARMY for operations in NW ITALY in conformance with policies and procedure prescribed by this HQ . IV US Corps will consist of British, Brazilian, Italian and US troops, commanded by M4jor General Willis D. Crittenberger . 1 "11. Administrative instructions for the occupation of NW ITALY will be issued separately. In general the occupation will be divided into two phases . Phase I will be the military occupation and the elimination of any remaining German or Fascist Italian formations in NW ITALY, and the establishment of law and order among the civilian population until the establishment of Allied Military Government can be accomplished . 15th Army Group will be responsible for this phase with o. 2 District under command . The operating agency for this phase will be IT Corps· Headquarters with the necessary attachments from No . 2 District . In Phase II, 15th Army Group will pass responsibility for the military administration of NW ITALY to No . 2 District and for Allied Military Government to the Allied Commission, both under command of AFHQ . 15th Army Group, after coordinating with No . 2 District, will report to AFHQ when Phase TI can be implemented . If the situation is such that it would be more convenient to hand over NW ITALY to No . 2 District in stages, 15th Army Group will recommend a program for the transfer of responsibilities. NW ITALY is defined as the area for which Headquarters No . 2 District ultimately will be responsible , viz: the Compartments of LIGURIA and PIEDlVIONTE, and the Provinces of VARESE, COMO, MILANO, PAVIA and PIACENZA. "12 . a . It is desired that plans be prepared by Armies covering operations outlined in Phases II and III of paragraph 6, viz: the development and crossing of the PO river position with the object of capturing VERO TA. Reference should be rm.de to letter, subject 1 Future Operations•, dated 24 Jan 45, ref No . 48/G-J(Ops) issued by this Headquarters. Flans will provide for early traininr, of personnel in river crossings, utilizing all expedients at our command. Details of the River PO and ADIGE crossing sites and terrain studies are being currently issued and will continue to be issued by this Headquarters. �35 b. IV Corps Headquarters will prepare plans to occupy the area Ii.berated in NW ITALY. For purposes of this plarming, IV Corps Headquarters is authorized to contact directly No. 2 District, AMG, 15th Army Group, and other necessary Headquarters. tt * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 13, 1945--General Clark, accompanied by General Marshall, General McNarney and General Truscott, left the Fifth Army command post at 0830, arriving at II Corps command post at 0900. There they were met by General Livesay, Acting Corps Commander, and II Corps staff officers . Also, General Coulter and staff officers from the 85th Division were present . After Generals Marshall, Clark and McNarney rad been introduced to the officers, General Marshall spoke briefly to the assembled group. At 0920 the party left for 34th Division command post where they were met by General Bolte and his staff, a.nd ste,ff officers of the 91st Division. General Marshall spoke briefly to the officers and men assembled, after which he presented three Distinguished Service Crosses. The Chief of Staff also pinned stars on Brigadier General Braun, Assistant Divisional Commander of the 34th Division. At 1100 hours Generals Marshall, McNarney, Clark and party drove to the command post of the ?nd Battalion of the 361st Infantry in the vicinity of Fiumetta. There General Marshall met the battalion commander and officers and men. The Chief of Staff spoke briefly to them. The party then inspected a battery of artillery where they talked briefly to the officers and men. Generals MArshall, McNarney and Cla.rk were entertained at lunch by Major General Kendall at the oommand post of the 88th Division. After lu..~ch a guard of honor was held, consisting of the 2nd Battalion of the 350th Infantry who recently had been awarded the Vfor Department citation. General Marshall presented the Distinguished Service Cross to a soldier jn a simple ceremony. General Marshall then spoke to the battalion, General Clark also spoke a few vmrds ,i to the assembled troops . Following this ceremony Generals Marshall, McNarney and Clark and Colonel McCarthy changed from jeeps to sedans and drove to Montecatini where they boarded General Clark's train. Generals Gruenther and Truscott arrived shortly thereafter, and the Generals all oonferred in the sitting room attached to General Marshall's bedroom aboard the train. At 1900 hours Generals Mascarenhas , Commanding General of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force , General Zenobio , Division Commander, and General Cordeiro de Farias, Artillery Commander of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force , and Ntajor Walters arrived for dinner . After dinner General Marshall decorated Gemral Cordeiro with the Legion of Merit , Degree of Commander. The Brazilian Gernrals left the train at 2100 hours, and at 2130 the train left for Lucca . Generals Marshall, Clark, McNarney, Truscott and Gruenther talked until the train arrived at Lucca at 2300 hours and then retired for the night aboard the train . * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 14, 1945--The party left the train at Lucca at 0830 accompanied by General Crittenberger, who had come to the train to pick up �Generals Marshall, Clark and McNa.rney and Truscott. They drove in sedans to the command post of the IV Corps in Lucca. There they met IV Corps staff officers and also Major General Hays, Commanding General of the 10th Mountain Division, and Brigadier GenerAJ. Ruffner, Artillery Commander of the Division. General :Marshall spoke briefly to the assembled officers. After a short stay at the IV Corps oommand post the party drove to the command post of the 4th Tenk Battalion where they met General Pritchard and watched the battalion training as infantry. General Marshall spoke to several _groups of officers and men during their exercises. They then drove to the command post of the 1st Annored Division, and General Marshall spoke to the assembled members of the Division staff. At 1040 the party entered the 92nd Division area at Montramito where they were met by General Almond and changed from sedans into jeeps. The party then inspected a nru.le battalion, after which they drove to the 599th Field Artillery Battalion command post. Enroute the party stopped at a bath unit where they met Colonel Notestein, Commanding the 371st Infantry, and Generals Marshall, McNa.rney and Clark spoke to several of the officers and men of the 371st who were returning from the bath. At the 599th Field Artillery Battalion command post in the vicinity of Pietra Santa , General Marshall spoke briefly to the officers and men. The party then drove to the command post of the 3rd Battalion of the 370th Infantry where they were met by Colonel Sherman, the Commanding Officer. The party inspected defense positions and spoke to several of the officers and men, after which they drove to the 317th Engineer BattRlion where they stopped brieny and spoke to the battalion commander . General Marshall and party drove to a battery of the 600th Field Artillery Battalion where they observed artillery in action. General Marshall stopped and spoke to several of the officers and men. Enroute to the 92nd Division oommand post the party stopped briefly at the 758th Tank Battalion. At the 92nd Division command post in Viareggio, General Almond entertained Generals Marshall, McNarney, Clark, Truscott, Gruenther and Crittenberger for lunch . During lunch General Marshall ~ -oke briefly to the assembled staff officers. After lunch the party left the 92nd Division for Pisa. Enroute they visited the 32nd Field Hospital one kilometer south of Viareggio where General Marshall, General McNarney and General Clark spoke to many of the battle casualties . At 1415 the party arrived at the Pisa airport where they were greeted by Generals Cannon, Chidlaw, Webster and Meyer of the 12th Air Force. General Cannon introduced General M~rshall to several of his staff officers. The Army Chief of Staff , with General McNarney, left the Pisa airport in General McNarney1 s C-47 at 1430 hours . Gereral Cla.rk, with General Gruenther, returned to Headquarters 15th Army Group in L-51 s, arriving at 1530 hours . General Clark worked for two hours in his office on an accumulation of papers and then retired to his villa with General Saltzman for the night . �FLOOENCE--FEBRUARY 15, 1945--The General arrived at the command post at 1100 hours and held a conference with Generals Gruenther~ Saltzman, Brann and Lt. Col. Lazar to discuss the T/0 of 15th Pxmy Group. After the conference General Clark promoted Lt. Col. Lazar· and Lt. Col. Ostler to the grade of Colonel. At 1230 General Clar}-- entertained Colonels Pesek and McConnell of the G-3 Section, Colonel Sloan of the G-2 Section, Colonel Monfort of the G-5 Section and Lt. Col. Yarborough for lunch. After lunch the General returned to his villa for the night. * * * FLORENCE-FEBRUARY 16, 1945--The General arrived at the Headquarters at 0930 and at 1000 hours T\h.j . Gen. Beaumont-Nesbitt, Liaison Section AFHQ, who had just come from Polish Corps, came to confer with General C~,rk. At noon Lt. Gen. Arrlers, Polish Gorps Commander, came to see General Clark and conferred for an hour on the complex situation which has arisen with regards the Poles as a result of the Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin conference at .Yalta over which Gen. Anders wa,s extremely worried. At 1300 hours Admiral Morse, Flag Officer Western Ita,ly, and Captain Basant, Royal Navy Liaison Officer of 15th Army Group, came for lunch. General Clark entertained General Anders, General Beaumont-Nesbitt, Ad~ miral Morse and Captain Basant for lunch. After lunch General Clark returned to his villa for the afternoon am ~ / evening. ;<i- c.J"v ~~ General Almond today wrote the following letter to Gereral Truscott, with a copy to Army Group Headquarters, with regard to command and combat efficiency of the 366th Infantry: )\ (/ "l. On 28 November 1944 the 366th Infantry Regiment was 1:1~ttached to the 92d Infantry Division, then operating as an active division on the Fifth Army Front. Since that date the equipping, training, and combat employment of the 366th Infantry have received the constant attention of the Division Commander, his staff and certain individual officers from divisional units. The present low combat effectiveness of the 366th Infantry, from the standpoint of leadership of its off·cers and combat efficiency of the unit, indicate a factual report on the subject to the Army Commander. This report covers the period 28 November 1944 to date and includes some personal knowledge of the Division Commander concerning this regiment dating back to 1941 when the unit was training at Camp Devens, Massachusetts. The discussion herewith submitted is grouped under the following titles: a. b. c. d. Or€faniza.tion and E::1.rly Training Preparation for Combat Employment Command and Sta.ff Functioning Operations - Annex 'A' Annex 'B 1 Annex 'C 1 Annex 'D' n2. The undersigned has intimate knowledge of the early training progress of the 366th Infantry; i.e., from February 1941 to September 1941. (See Inclosi.n:-e No . 1). The training progress over that period , a,nd under ) ��, ,J qt~~?. ~µ>C ~ ,r;; ~ rr; . (Y / / /I ,, f' )f ~ tt , ~9~~~~ ~t9' t~/ ~ the imposed leadership of five Regular Army o.L ficers, ~ras mediocre and the performance of the regiment during VI Corps Maneuvers in Massachusetts, 1941, left much to be desired. Si nce arrival overseas, in March 1941~, this regiment has served in detachments throughout Southern Italy guarding airbase activities until 28 November 1944, when after closing in the Staging Area, became attached to the 92d Division. n.3. The 92d Division instituted immediate steps to i nsure the equipping and concentrated training of the units of the 3~th Infantry as they arrived in the PBS Area, LEGHORN. Command inspections were held, a training program prescribed, and completion of combat equipment speeded up. The Division Connnander addressed all officers and men of the regiment in the PBS Section emphasizing the importance of preparing the regiment for creditable performance of the regiment in action. All these efforts on the part of the 92d Division appeared to be gratefully received and effective performance was promised. However, from the beginning, it was apparent that the lack of responsibility and a thorough preparation for routine duties on the part of junior officers and the supervision on the part of higher of ficers of the regiment was of a low grade. (See Inclosure fo. 2). "4. The operations of the 3_66th Infantry, a.s an effective combat force, since commitment of the first units on 2 December 1944, have been characterized by poor leadership, irresponsib~~ity, lack of supervision and the abandonment of much equipment A.t crit~cal times by enlisted personnel. (See Inclosure No. 3 - Operations). 0 5. The command and staff f t .nctioning in this regiment is most ineffective. This condition has obtained ever since the Regimental Commander and his staff and Special Units were introduced into the chain of command to control the 366th Infantry battalions then operating on the coastal sector of the 92d Division, the quietest and most moderate climated portion of the front. It was at once evident that the Regimental Commander exercised little command control over his troops and his staff; that the Regimental Headquarters acted in a lethargic and nearly always in an ineffective manner. To correct these deficiencies the Division Commrrler and his staff have made ma.ny visits to 366th Infantry Headquarters to check activities, offer helpful advice and insure efficient rerformance on the part of the .Regimental Commander. Under this close supervision, the then Regimental Comman<ler - Colonel H. D. QUEEN, became ill with rheumatic pains and ha,s been evacuated, Lt. Col. ALONZO G. FERGUSON a.ssuming control as of 13 December 19Li/t. (See Inclosure No. 4). n6. Since assuming command Colonel FERGUSON and his staff have been highly cooperative but most usually incapable of accomplishing satisfactory results in a reasonable time. In the hope tb a.t this condition could be corrected and realizing that the best available officers of the regiment were then in command and staff positions, the Assistant Division Comma.nder and necessary staff officers from this headquarters were given instructions to practically stay with the unit to observe, to organize the headquarters, and to see personally that the staf f functioned properly and by supervision that it translated the commander's decisions into action. To date practically no progress is in evidence. (See paragraph?, below). �tt7. It was believed that constant a.nd unremitting supervision would bring improved operations provided the commander responded to the suggestions and directives in a manner forceful enough to obtain reasonable results. The undersigned has personally discussed, many times witp Colonel FERGUSON, the necessity for effective opArations and the removal of ineffective staff officers or commanders . Colonel FERGUSON has never recommended a single officer for removal, but on the other hand , has always found excuses justifying the failure of his subordinate to perform his assigned task . Such excuses have become intolerable and they lead to but one conclusion; that the commander of the 366th Infantry, Lt . Col. ALONZO G. FERGUSON, is incapable of commanding his regiment in an effective manner; so much so that the capabilities of the regiment to perform anything except routine duties on a quiet front , requj_ring no movement of command groups or wire installations are seriously questioned . The conclusion is also reached that a more capable colored officer should be procured to command this regiment, if such is the policy of the War Department or Theater Commander, or , if none is available, that H i;vhite officer and the required staff officers be assigned to the regiment . It is possible that the War Department may have established a policy requiring negro leadership throughout this regiment and the problem of replacement for officers might well be considered by higher headquarters . Further losses of field officers or company commanders in this regiment will eventually necessitate the assignment of white officers to maintain a minimum standard of combat effectiveness in order to derive any battlefield utility f'rom the regiment . ng . The following recommendations are submitted: a . That the Regimental Comme.nder be repla.ced by a more capable officer - colored, if War Department policy requires, if not - by a white colonel with an adequate staff. b . That the regiment be assembled in a training area under an improved leadership for traj_ning a.nd development . c . That a system of development and/or supply of competent officers and men be established . tt * * * FLORENCE- -FEBRUARY 17, 1945--The General arrived at his headquarters at 1000 hours and conferred vdth Briga.dier Hirsch , General Brann and General Gruenther . At 1300 Maj . Gen. Nalder ca.me for lunch with General Clark . General Nalder is leaving the headquarters today for a new assignment as Chief Signal Officer, AFHQ . General Clark sent a :rre ssage to General Maran, who is now on leave in the United States, informing him that he is now Chief Signal Officer, 15th Army Group . At 1400 hours General Almond and General Truscott arrived and conferred with Genera.I Clark for an hour. I At 1700 hours the General returned to his villa where he dined quietly and spent the night . �FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 18, 1945--The General spent the entire day at his villa. In the afternoon the General played golf at the Florence Golf Club with General Saltzman. In the evening at 1700 hours the General entertained Generals Gruenther, Brann, Saltzman, Colonel Lazar, Lt. Col. Novo~ny and Lt. Col. Ibold for dinner and cards. * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 19, 1945--The General arrived at his office at 1000 hours. At 1030 hours he received news that Lt. Col. Walker, General Clark's personal cub pilot, Lt. Col. Faust and Major Kerr, Transportation Officer of 15th Army Group Headquarters, had just been killed in a plane crash after ta.lcing off from the Florence field on their way home on temporary duty in the States . General Clark immediately drove to the scene of the accident. At 1130 hours Lt. Col. Palmer, G-5 Section Supply Branch on General Somervell's staff, called on General ClRrk with Colonel Monfort, G-5 of 15th Army Group. The General lunched at the command post, after which he returned to the villa for the afternoon and evening. * * * FLORENCE•-FEBRUARY 20, 1945--The General arrived at his headquarters at 0930. At 1030, with General Hornby, General Saltzman and General Brann drove to Castel Fiorentino to the American cemetery for the funeral of Lt. Col. We.lker, Lt . Col. Faust and Major Kerr who were killed :yesterday in a plane crash. The General returned to his headquarters at 1.330 for lunch. The General spent the afternoon in his office working on papers and conferring with members of his staff and at 1630 hours the following fiction writers visited General Clark's headquarters: Kay Boyle, Roger Burlinghame, Carl Carmer, Marquis Childs, Mary Cookman, Dorothy Ca.meron Disney, Toni Frissell, Beatrice Blackmer Gould, Ca.rel Hill, Joseph Niarshall, Nancy Wilson Ross, Harold Von Schmidt, Rex Stout, Stanley Young. These writers ere escorted by Lt. Col. Rorke of the War Department Public Reh.t ions Office, Maj. Holland of Hq. Army Air Forces, Major Thruelsen of MAAF Public ReJFtions , Ya.jar Hoyte Kline of MA.AF Public Relations and Capt. Francis Sanford of MA.AF Public Rela,tions. The General briefed the party in his war room, after which he taj_ned them i.n his conference hut for tea. General Cannon, General Brigadier Hirsch, General Saltzman, Gereral Sullivan, Colonel Gn:gan General Brann were also present at the tea. The pu-ty left at 1800 enterHornby, and hours. At 1830 General McNarney with General Nelson , Deputy Theater Commarrler, and Mr. Henry Taylor, of Scripps-Howard Newsps.pers, arrived at the headquarters and conferred for an hour before dinner with General Clark in his office and war room, after which the GeneraJ. entertained them for dinner at his mess. After dinner General Clark, with Generals McNa.rney, Nelson, Saltzman �4\ and Mr. Taylor talked for two hours in General Clark's conference hut. Generals McNarney, Nelson and Mr. Taylor then returned to the Excelsior Hotel for the night. * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 21, 1945--At 0730 hours Generals McNarney, Nelson and Mr. Taylor arrived for breakfast with General Clark at his headquarters. At 0745 General Cannon arrived and joined them in the mess. At 0800 Generals Clark, McNarney, Ca.nnon, Nelson and Mr. Taylor drove in General Clark's Cadillac to the forward command post of IV Corps in Taviano where they were met by Colone 1 Nance, Deputy Chief of Staff of IV Corps, and General Truscott's aide. At Taviano the party changed into jeeps and drove to the IV Corps TAC Headquarters at Castelluccio where they were met by General Truscott, General Ori ttenberger and General Cra.ne. This headquarters also serves as an excellent OP. General Crittenberger pointed out to the party the hill. features over which the 10th Mountain Division and Brazilian Expeditionary Force have launched their attacks; namely, Mount Belvedere, which the 10th Mountain Division took yesterday, and Mount Torraccia, first phase objective of the 10th Mountain Division, and also Mount Castello, objective of the BEF. General Crittenberger explained to the assembled party the plan of attack. The party then drove to an observation post of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force where they were met by General Mascarenhas and members of his staff. General Masce.renhas explained the plan of attack which was to be undertaken within the next hour. General Clark and party then drove to the command post of the 10th Mountain Division where they were met by Gemral Hays who oriented the party on his current situation. General Clark expressed to General Hays his great satisfaction at the results of the f:irst combat test of the loth Mountain Division. After the orientation, General Hays took Genera.ls Clark, McNarney, Cannon, Nelson, Truscott and Mr. Taylor to an excellent observation post where the current battle to the we·st of Mount Belvedere could be observed. General Hays explained to the assembled officers how he had accomplished his mission and how he was to follow up his attack. General Hays entertained Generals Clark; McNarney, Cannon, Nelson, Truscott and ~. Taylor for lunch, after which they drove back to Florence. The Army Group Commander entertained Genera.ls McNarney, Nelson and Mr. Taylor for dinner this evening at his mess. The Army Group Commander today dictated the following memorandum ·::-7 General McNarney with regard to new artillery units destined for Fifth Army: "I am afraid if the present schedule of arrival of artillery units is maintained they will be too late for our forthcoming offensive. "Information from your headquarters indicates that one battalion of 8" Howitzers and one battalion of 155mm Guns have been moved to staging area in the United States preparatory for shirunent overseas. i O estimate �f { has been given of dates of shipment . However, the schedule indicates that two battalions of 8" Howitzers are due here in March. "Will you please follow this matter up . like as follows: I suggest a ca.ble something '" Understand at least one battalion 8" Howitzers and one battalion 155mm Guns earmarked for this theater have been moved to the staging area in the United States preparatory to movement overseas . In view of our urgent need for heavy artillery in coming operations, strongly recommend every effort be made to establish priority to i nsure arrival of these battalions by end of March . 1 tt * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 22, 1945-- At 0900 Lt . Gen. Doolittle of the Air Force called on General Clark with General Cannon and conferred with the Army Group Commander for half an hour . At 1000 hours General Clark decorated and promoted the following officers and enlisted men of his headquarters : Major H. W. Buchanan and Major M. C. Hoffman to Lt . Colonel , Captain E. M. Swift and Captain T. L. Eastmond to Major, the Legion of Merit to Lt . Col. R. C. Brisach and Captain F. W. A. Allen (British), and the Bronze Star to Staff Sergeant R. H. Hager . At 1100 hours the General attended a memorial service for Lt . Col. Walker , Lt . Col. Faust and Major Kerr of 15th Army Group Headquarters and Major Mallory of TAF . General Brann lunched with General Clark, after which they played golf . The General returned to his villa for the evening. * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 23, 1945--General Clark arrived at the headquarters at 1000 hours , and at 1100 hours Lt. Col. Williams, 15th Army Group Historian, came to see General Clark. The General sp ent the greater part of the afternoon in his office conferring with General Gruenther who had just returned from Rome . At 1630 hours the General went to his villa . This evening General Cl::1rk had a few officers for dinner and poker . * * * FLORENCE--FI~BRUARY 24, 1945--The General errived at his headquarters at 1030 and conferred with General Gruenther, Brigadier Hirsch and General Brann. At 1230 Genere.l Cle..rk and General Gruenther had lunch with Mr . & Mrs . Rosso , former Italian ambassador to the United States at their villa. The General spent the afternoon at his villa, r eturning to his headquarters for di nner . He entertained Mr . & Mrs . Rosso and Mr. & Mrs . Umberto Coletti for dinner with General Gruenth er and General Saltsman at his mess . �43 FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 25, 1945--General Clark spent the day at his villa and in the afternoon played golf with General Brann. The Army Group Commander today sent the following "Eyes Only" cable to General McNarney: RN SGS 134. "Conversion of 366th Infantry to general service engineers should be started iithout delay. Do not know whether AllrOUSA staff knows of this change yet . I will instruct Five .Army to deal directly with ~ITOUSA concerning conversion as soon as I hear from you . " * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 26, 1945- -The General came to his office and worked on papers and conferred with members of his staff, returning to the villa in the afternoon . The following reply to General Cll!rk's cable to General McNarney of yesterday with regard to the 3~6th Infantry was received today: ' I RN F 33757. "Conversion of 366th Infantry Regiment reference SGS 134 is subject . War Department will be requested to issue necessary directives ~.s soon as you or Fifth Army advise exactly wha.t units ·are wanted . 1 Engineer General Service Regiment and 2 Engineer Separate Battalions or 3 Engineer Separate Battalions, an Engineer Group Headquarters and 26 Driver Augmentation Teams for Truck Companies are possible combinations. Either of above sets of units can be 90% equipped wj thin 30 days . Ml'OUSA will deal directly with Fifth Army as soon as you issue your instruct ions to them. n General Clark replied to General McNarney today a s follows: RN' SGS 135. "Desire you request War Department to issue necessary directives for conversion of 366th Infantry into one Engineer General Service Regiment and two Engineer Separate Battalions . Reference your message F33757. This has been coordinated rith Five Army. Suggest in future you deal directly with Five Army in this matter furnishing copies of communications to this headquarters. n * * * FLORENCE- -FEBRUARY 27, 1945--General Clark arrived at the headquarters at 0900 . At 0930 Major General Stayer, Surgeon General of ~ITOUSA; Brigadier General Ferreira, Surgeon General of the Brazilian Armed Forces; Brigadier General Uartin, Surgeon of Fifth Army; a.nd Colonel MarquesPorto, Stn'"geon of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, called on General Clark. At 1000 hours the Army Group Commander received the following Indian ,journalists: Joseph Pothan of the "Dawn" in Delhi, Kishore Nandi of the tr qava Bharat" in N'a gpur, s . H. Mahmud of the ttNawa-i-Waqttt in Lahore, V. K. Narasimhan of the "Hindun in Madras, F . W. Bustin of the "Civil and Military Gazetten in Lahore , Jaganath Deshnrukh of the nsakal" in Poona, Durga Das of the "Hindustan Times" in Delhi, H. R. Sti mson of ttThe Times of India.'' in Bombay, J . N. Sarkar of nAmrit a Bazar Patrika" �44 in Calcutta a.nd A. N. Sivaraman of "The Di.nama.ni n in Madras. General Clark briefed the journalists in his war room and answered many questions pertaining to the welfare of Indian troops fighting in Italy. At 1130 Colonel Gale, who hnd just been assigned to 15th Army Group Headquarters as Air Officer of the G- 4 Section, came to call on General Clark. General Brann came for lunch, and a.fter lunch General Brann, General Saltzman and General Clark played golf . The General returned to the villa for the evening. * * * FLORENCE--FEBRUARY 28, 1945- -General Clark, accompanied by General Gruenther and Brigadier Packard , left Florence by road at eight o'clock. He arrived at Forli. at approximately 101,.5 hours where he was met by Lt . General Charles Keightley, Acting Eighth Army Commander, and Brigadier Harry Floyd, Chief of Staff, Eighth Army. The party drove a short way along Route #9 to the headquarters of the 2nd New Zealand Division . Here G~meral Clark was met by Lt . Gen. Bernard Freyburg, Co:mrw.nding the Divi- ., sion, and was introduced to some thirty senior officers from the Division. , General Clark took a cup of tea with General Freyburg and the other officers and gave a short taTh on the current operations in Italy. The party then drove to the Headquarters of 56th (London) Division. Here General Clark was rret by Major General Whitfield, the Divisional Commander, and was introduced to some Division . He gave another short talk of Merit (Degree of Officer) on Major Rifles . Major Almond had earned this quarters in conjunction with aircraft of the oomma.nding officers from the and pinned the Medal of the Legion ~. c. Almond of the London Irish award for work at Allied Force Headreconnaissance and photography. General Clark lunched in General VJ1.1.itfJ eld' s mess and afterwards General Keightley took him to see an exhibition of captured enemy equipment in Forli. The exhibition consisted mainly of tanks, machine guns · and mines . One of the most interesting exhibits was the new Gerrm.n rocket, weighing about 100#, which had only recently come into use on the Italia.n front . General Clark was then taken to the Adolf Hitler Barracks where at this time were quartered the Irish Brigade of the 78th British Infantry Division. The Brigade Commander, Brigadier Scott, met General Clark at the entrance and showed him around the barracks . General Clark was particularly interested in the very fine canteen for other ranks of the Brigade . After this the party paid a visit to the "Dorchestern Club in Forli . This is a very large day leave center equipped with every imaginable luxury. General Clark saw several restaurants , reading rooms, writing rooms and watched for several minutes the pipe band of the Inniskillings who were heating ''Retreat" in the courtyard . Generals Clark and Gruenther drove to the Forli airport, boarded their C- 47 plane and flew back to Florence, arriving at the comm.and post �(LJ �/ 45 at approximately 1645 hours . villa ., * General Clark spent a quiet evening at his a,,(_~~ tv-0 * Ii * FLORENCE--MARCH 1 , 194§--Genera.l Clark arr ~ived at his office at 1030 hours and conferred with Generals Gruen th er , Brrmn and Brigadier Hirsch . The General lunched with General Brann and played golf in the afternoon, retiring to his villa to spend the night . * * * FLOREJ'iCE--lVIARCH 2 , 1945- -The General spent the morning in his office , and at 1245 hours Admira l Morse and Ca.pt:::iin Besant came for lunch. .After lunch the General went to his villa for too afternoon and evening. General Clark today dictated the f ollo tlng r andom notes for inclusion in his diary: ttPOLISH QUESTION--The announcement by tbe Big Three at the Ya.ltP ·coni'erence with rega.rd to Polish terr:i..torial sub- divisions after the war , as delineated by the Curzon Line, created a pa.nic in the Polish Corps , commanded by General Anders, in my 15th Army Group. General Anders has long been an outspoken opponent of this soluti on and , having been a prisoner of the Russians along wjth thousands of his men and most of them living east of the Curzon L:i..ne, the solution was entirely unacceptable . Anders' first vi olent reaction was to send a letter to the Commanding GenerPl of the Eight h Army requesting that his ~ c orps be relieved immediately from front line duty. He even intjmated that it would be better to accept the Polish Corps as prisoner s of war. fi He felt that under the circumstances he could not be responsible f or holdvsv"'\ I"' inf:; a sector with mixed emotions as prevailed among his :rren. Mccreery talked to him, and I sent for Anders. The g~st of my conversation was I) ✓ .9--(' "What are you going to do about it? If you turn in your suits now you 1 lost the respect of the Alli es, your only friends. Your men are going to follow the cue you indicate to them . If you become a defeatist and •• indj cate thr1 t all hopes are lost to your nien , you will have failed in 1 _,,, 1~ ~ your duty as their commander . n I told Anders that here was an opportunity for him to b 8 a great µitriot - forget himself and to require that his men ,, f / ' mai.nt,:dn the fighting strindards tbey are known to have . I told him that / . \t .9 in my opinion our President Roosevelt would not sit at the conference and , willinf?:ly turn the new Poland lo ck , stock aijP. barrel over to the BolshetiJ. u> ~ vists . I told him he was taking the most ~loomy attitude possible and ,, t~at i t could not possibly be as bad as he fore cast . The only thing for ~ him to do was sit tight, maintain the stA.ndard of his men at the highest } pos~ible level and await developments. In such a. case, the pitr:iotic attitude l'lhich he hR.d t aken a nd prevailed upon his men would be brought by met the attention of President Roosevelt and also to the Frime Mi nister ~ , /- 1/ I ( . �G , _ ~~~JJ6-'q ~ ~A~C I Before leaving me he promis ed that Ms men would maintain their defensive sector but that he had t.o go to England to discuss it w:i th his government . The questfon which worries me is: \!ill the Pole~ be able to take part in an import~nt role in the offen sive ba.ttle which I . am planning. There j_s some question that they wi ll. I have ta.lked this matter over with all concerned, including Eighth Army Commander and staff, but the real answer will be disclosed wren Anders returns for a conference with me . With the withdrRwals from 15th Army Group, it would be a serious blow if J could not count on the Poles for all- out offensive action. 15th ARMY GROUP A'T' ACK--My plans for tm attack of ooth armies have crystallized. Instructions have been given to the Army Commanders. I feel that with the situation rnaching critical proportions in both the east and west, 15th Ju-my Group must attack in April. The eA,rliest I can do that would be between the 10th and 15th - the delay being caused, by the arrival of LVTS and ne cessary reorg~_nization of Eighth Army units . Fifth Army will be rea.dy. Accord:!.ngly, I hive djrected that plans be made for an atta.cking using the 10t h of April as a target date . By tha.t time weather should be improved , ground conditions should be more favorable providing there are not more snows or heavy rains , ammunition situation satisfactory and replacements on hand for at least a two-months ' bat tle . My infantry superiority vdll be approximately 1 . 4 to 1 , hardly suff icient for a. breakthrough, particularly in the mountain terrrJin . However , I feel it imperative that the divisions I have under my control must be throvm into the battle as early as possible . By that time I feel that r,:erhaps four German Divisions ,; ill have been withdravm from Italy. Two have gone up to the present time. I do not believe he can remove more than two per month due to interference of his communicationr; by our air . If conditions Are favorable in mid- April and my infantry superiority has been increased by the withdrawals indjcated above an::1 with a little bit of luck, we may have a great victory south of the Po River . I run sure thP t Field Marshal Alexander, as well as General McCreary of the Righth Army and most of his commarrlers will ant to delay the attA.ck until May. I feel that it vould be a great error to deliberately plan the attack for May. Conditions ma.y demand that we wait that long, but certainly we must be ready by early April. I nny have quite a problem sell 1 ng this early attack to Field Marshal Alexander. I will have a staunch supporter, however, in General Marshall and will get Joe McNarney to apply pressure in his deputy capacity. " * * * FLOREN'CE--MA.RCH 3 , 1945-- 'roday is General Gruenther 1 s birthday. Doctor Poling, 'Sd.itor of Christian Herald, ew York , a Protestant minister, journalist and radio commentator who has been sent to this theater by Pres:ident Roosevelt and General Marshall, called to see General Clark with Colonel Ryan , Fifth Army Chaplain. At 1230 hours Lfo,ltenant General Morgan, newly- appointed Chief of Staff, AFHQ, with Major General Airey, G- 2 of AFHQ, came to see the Army Group Commander. After Generri 1 CJ.ark had oriented Generals ?forgan and Airey, he entertained them for lunch. Brigadiers Packard and Hirsch were alBo present for lunch . After lunch the General returned to his v j 11a for a.n hour, returning �41 at 1630, at which t5rne he gave a cocktail birthday party in honor of GenerAl Gruenther .. Sixty officers were pr e sent at the party. This evening General Clark ga.ve a. small dinner party for General Gruentber at his villa . * * * 4, 1945--The General spent the entire day at his villa . In the evenjng General Clark entertained Colonels Smith , Sutherland and Major Houston for dinner at the vill.a. FLORENCE--MA.RCH General Clark today sent the following cable to General Keightley: RN SGS146 . Please convey to General Prjmiera my congratuJRtions upon the successful recent offensive operation by the Cremona Group . clearing of the coastal area south of Po di Prj ma.ro, as well as the casualties infli cted upon the enemy a.nd the number of prisoners taken , fortifies the confidence in which these Italian troops are held as a result of earlier favorable act1.ons . I shall l ook forward to further ach:i evements of your group with keen acticipation . n * 0 * FLORENCE- -MARCH 5, 1945- -The Gereral arrived at the headquarters at 1000 hours nnd worked on papers and conferred with various ne mbers of his stp.ff untH 1100 hours , at ·w hich time he decora.ted CaptAin Bachhuber , Ms Radio Offj cer , with the Bronze Star and offered the Captain his best wishes, as today is his birthday. The General had a slight chest cold today. He returned to his villa after lunch and remtd ned there for the afternoon and evening . * * * FLORENCE--MA..B.CH 6, 1945--Air Marshal Slessor , Deputy Commander of Mediterranean Air Forces , called to see Generr-1 Cfark a.t 0930 this morning. The General spent the reim. ind er of the morning in his office working on important a.d1;1inistrative matters and conferring with variou s staff officers . In the afternoon the Army Group Comma.nder retired to Ms v:illa where he spent the night . * * * FLORENCE--MARCH 7, 1945--At 0930 hours this morning General Clark savr Brigadier Irwin who has just cone from India where he has been serving with the 14th P.rmy. The Brigadier has recently been appointed to command the Staff College at Quetta , India . At 1030 hours General Clark bP..de goodbye and presented a Bronze Star Medal to Colonel Warren, Graves Registration Officer of Fifth Army. Colow~l Warren is returning to the United States for a new assienrrent . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - March 6, 1945 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1 - March 6, 1945. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1666 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/93597e9faeef2708d6e83ed8d4fd71b2.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=lSQNfzVK0TCAHWvn-ScRCywh1tsOaRZJkZvLSKFhMSsvkIjCuihh16pVOCxepW-HH2TCaBq1XPKToJq6qJBJqG-K6ed3J5seljGP4Fr0KpNJWoOuBQqbh%7EKbnbchhcC-wLKJKFOVjXxtlKT2k3dFoxLkm5lFv2joFlehYAhi%7E5MDvVMJGvS5-hNz5YASE-Zl153tfEp1Bv5R3MZXcXH3XVWQM9HN6dEjMj3gglFEL9s8ua%7EXQM30vcksoZAYCkKg24tRx0d92T-TELqB7b2PTVu7Qlc28xMkPZC6BZ3r5Zr11UG1FkbtB5crUtNhr8DlXImMmG1OjhUjMBnK5S8yKQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3e7a440da1d7a43212e77b043ca3865c PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM 1949 Diary of General Mark W. Clark �SAN FRANCISCO - 1 JlrnUARY 1949 - From 1100 to 1200 hours General and Mrs. Clark held their annual reception at the Offi cers Club. I _mediately following they l unched and then the General left to attend the East-West Shrine Game at Kezar Stadium, accompanied by Bill Clark. Mrs. Clark and Ann di d not a t te r d due to inclement weather. Following the game, General and \~rs. Clark went for cocktalls to the residence of va-. and ·.1rs. Louis Sutter, 1810 Jackson Street. 'I'hey dined at home. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 2 JANUARY 1949 - B:il1 Clark left early this morning for Hamilton Field to catch a plane for the East . Inclement weather enroute delayed his arrival at West Point by several days. The General remained at his quarters this day . * * * * SAN FRAKC I SCO - 3 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0845 hours and attended to routine office matters. He left the office at noon and rett1rned to bis quarters . Spent afternoon at home and at 1645 hours, accompan i ed by Llrs. Clark, we nt to the Officers Club to attend the wedding reception of Dr. James Burnell, son of retired Brigadjer General Ray L. B~rnell of Coronado, California. The General retl:: rned to his quarters for dinner and the evening . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 4 Jb.NUA.RY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his offj ce at 09.30 hours and attended to routine office matters. This day Jack Beard.wood of TIME, I nc. Los Angeles, arrjved on the morn i ng trai n and s pe11t most of the day with the General going over plans for helping the General write his book on his war experiences. Rlr. Beardwood wrote to the New York office that he believed it would be an excellent publication and would also work into two or three articles for magazjne purposes. General Clark returned to his quarters about 15.30 hours and at 1630 entertained t:r. Harry Lawson and his bride, from Seattle, at cocktails. l'f r. Beard wood departed for Los Angeles in the evening . General Clark had dinner at home and later had a group of friends i n for a movie. * * * 5 JANUARY 1949 General Clark spent the morning attending to routir.e office matters and returned home at noon and spent the day at his quarters. Ee was not feeling well, corning down with a cold. SAN FRANCISCO - * * * * SAN FRANCL ·c o - 6 through 13 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark was confined to quarters with influenza and saw no one, except on 10 January when he and Mrs . Clark were hosts at a cocktail party honoring Colonel and Mrs. Peter J. Lloyd, who are leaving for duty at Heidelberg, Germaey . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 14 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0930 hours and caught up on various office matters. At 1100 hours he saw Mr . Albert Rhine, a real estate man in San Francisco, who· i s about to embark on a world crui se. General Clark is wri ting a letter of introduction to be used on this tri p . The General returned to his quartas for lunch and remained t here throughout the afternoon. In the evening the family were guests at dinner of Colonel and Mrs. Fra nk Oxx. * * * * �3 SAN FRANCISCO - 15 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark remained at his quarters resting throughout the day and at 1700 hours had General Aurand in for cocktails. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 16 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark rested at his quarters throughout the day, as his cold was still active. At 1800 hours, General and Mrs. Clark went to the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Woodward for cocktails and then went to the Officers Club where they were hosts at a dinner party for General Aurand . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 17 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0945 hours and attended to dictation and seeing various staff officers. At 1045 hours he saw General Aurand, who had just spoken to heads of the various Headquarters sections, and after which General Aurand went to the Armed Forces Headquarters for discussion of that phase of activities. The General had lunch at the Club and returned to the office at 1330 hours at which time he saw Mayor of San Francisco, Mr . Elmer Robinson, to discuss the turning over of Army property for housing purposes to the City of San Francisco. The General returned to his quarters about 1500 hours .and at 1845, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, went to the Officers Club as guests of the Keisers (Brig. General and Mrs. L.B. Keiser) at diQner . _ * I * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 18 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours saw the Passport Agent from State De:p9.rtment regarding µ3,ssports for the contemplated trip to Brazil. He talked with General Harry J . Collins at Fort Lewis, dictated, and saw various members of his staff. He returned to his quarters at 1215 hours and remained there throughout the afternoon and evening . * * - SAN FRANCISCO - 19 J ANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and at 1050 saw Colonel Vivian Brown, new Sixth Army dentist, who came in for an official call. At 1100 hours the General met the other newly assigned f i eld grade officers. At 1105 hours, General Butler and Colonel Oxx met with the General for a half-hour session on Reserve activities, and at 1145 hours Rear Admiral Ral ph E. Jennings, new Commanding Officer of Alameda Naval Ai r Station, cal.led to pay his respects. The General spent the afternoon at home a nd in the evening Admiral and Mrs. N·irnitz came to call. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arri ved at his office at 0845 hours and at 0900 listened to President Truman's inaugural ceremonies over the radio with members of hjs staff. At 1030 hours Major General Curtis O'Sullivan, State Adjutant General for California, came to call and had a half-hour conference with Gene ral Clark. The General lunched at home and in the afternoon played golf wi th Colonel Wood•l'J ard. I n the eveni ng, accompanied by Colonels McMahon and Pesek, t he General went to t he Bohemian Club for the regular Thursday night festivities. * * * * SAN FRANCI SCO - 21 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark a r r i ved at his offi ce at 0900 hours and at 1030 hours Mr. Barron, Feder al Revenue Agent, came out for a conference with the General regarding his amended 1947 income t~x. The Genera ; lunched in town wi th Mr . Loui s Lurie and returned to the offi ce i n t he afternoon. He had dinner at his auarters and spent t he evening there. * * * * �SAN FF.ANCISCO - 22 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark played golf all morning, returning to his quarters about 1230 hours when it started to rain. · He spent the afternoon at home and j_n the evening the General and Mrs. Clark went downtown to dinner. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 23 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark remained at home during the day and at J800 hours had 18 guests in for cocktails, and then all went to the Officers Club for dinner and bingo. The party was given in honor of Mr . and Mrs. Jloland Harriman of New York, here for the Red Cross convent i on. Guests included Mr . and Wirs. George Cameron, Gene Witter, General Robertson and General Collins, among others. * * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 JANUARY 1911-9 General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent t he morning conferring with various staff officers. He had lunch at home, returning to the offjce jn the afternoon, and remained at quarters during the evening. * * * PORTLAND, .OREGON - 25 JANUARY 1949 - At 0745 hours, accompanied by Colonel Edmunds and Captain Dallam, General Clark drove to Hamilton Field and was flown , to Portland, Oregon by General Upston, ·arriving 1130 hours. He was met at the airport by Mayor Dorothy Lee and Major General Thoma~ Rilea, Adjutant General of the State of Oregon. The group went directly to the Hotel Mµltonomah and after a brief press conference, went to t he University Club for the Army Advi sory Committee luncheon. After the lunc9eon, the General gave a short talk, and immediately following this meeting wert to Vancouver Barracks with Major General Albert E. Brown, Commanding General of the Northern ~~litary District, for inspection of the installations. The General returned to his hotel at 1630 hours where he rested for a time. At 1815 hours the General and his party accompanied by General and 1V1i rs. Rilea, went to the Ma.sonic Temple for the Junior Chamber of Commerce dinner honoring the 1948 Junior First Citizen of Portl and, Mr. Lee C. Stidd, Jr~ General Clark was the principal speaker of the evening, · and upon completion of hi.s talk at 2230 hours, the entire party departed for the Portland Airport for return to Hamilton Field. They arrived at the Presidio at 0230 hours 26 January. * SAN FRANCISOO - 26 JANUARY * * 1949 * General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and discussed his Portl and trip with several staff officers. He had lunch at home and played golf in the afternoon. Dinner at home with his family. SAN FRANCISCO - 27 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at the office at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours saw Colonel Hidalgo, the departing National Guard representative. At 0940 hours he had a brief conference with Colonel Slocum, G-3, and at 1000 saw Mr. Louis Leverore, president of Automatic Canteen Company of America, Chicago. At 1100 hours he went to the Post Dispensary for a dental appointment. He had lunch at home and returned to the office in the afternoon~ At 1800 General and Mrs. Clark went to the home of Mr. and Pb-s. Garret McEnerney II for cocktails and returned home for dinner. * * * * �5 SAN FRANCISCO-LOS ANGELES - 28 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office for the morning and had brief conferences with the staff officers in preparation for his trip East. At noon, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, Colonel and Mrs. Edmunds, and Captain Dallam, the General went to Hamilton Field and took off for ws Angeles, arriving there at 1430 hours. They went directly to the Hotel Ambassador where they were guests of the March of Dimes Committee. At 1800 hours, the group attended a cocktail party given by 20th Century-Fox Studios, followed by dinner at the Ambassador Hotel. At 0900 hours, the General left the hotel to ride at the head of the March of Dimes Parade as Grand ~.arshal. Following the parade, he was guest of Warner Brothers Studios at the Coqanut Grove, Hotel Ambassador. LOS ANGELES-ENRTE EAST - 29 JilTUARY 1949 - General Clark and Captain Dallam departed Los Angeles at 0800 hours enroute to Washington, DC. They arrived Barksdale Field, wuisiana at 1930 hours and remained overnight. * * * * BARKSDALE FLD, IA-WASHINGTON, DC - JO JANUARY 1949 - General Clark's plane departed Barksfi eld Field at 0900 hours and arr ived Washi ngton, DC at 1300 hours. The General went immediately to hi s mother's apartment an9 spent the remainder of the day with her. In the evening, he had dinner as the guest of Secretary of Defense an1 Mrs. James Forrestal. *· * * * WASHINGTON, DC - 31 JANUARY 1949 - General Clark went to the Pentagon Bu:lliing about 0830 hours and spent the day conferring with various War Department staff officers. He had l unch with General Bradley and Secretary Royall in the Chief of Staff's dining room and returned to his mother's home about 1630. General and Mrs. Gruenther came in for dinner that night. * * * * WASHINGTON, DC - 1 FEBRUARY 1949 - General Clark went to the Pentagon Building at 0800 hours for the openi ng meeting of the Secretary of the Army's Committee on Civili an Components, headed by the Honorable James F. Byrnes, forner Secretary ·or State. 'lhis morning they· were briefed on the world situati on and the Army's relation to the world situation .by the Chief of Staff and chiefs of the General Staff of the Army. Luncheon was served in Mr. Royall's dining room and the group reconvened at 1300 hours. The closed meeting lasted until 1700 hours. The General returned to his mother's apartment and spent the evening with her. * * * * WASHINGTON, DC - 2 FEBRUARY 1949 - General Cl ark went to the Pentagon Building at 0800 hours and the Board convened at 0830 hours. They listened to the testimony of the Chai rman of ·the Reserve Officers Association and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau during the morning. !he group had lunch in the Secretary of the Army's dining room and reconvened for a closed sessi on at 1330 hours. The meeting adjourned at 1700 hours and the General returned to his mother's apartment. * * * * WASHINGIDN, DC - 3 FEBRUARY 1949 - General Clark went to the Pentagon Building at 0800 hours and further testimony was heard during the morning session of the �Board. After luncheon another closed session was held from 1330 to 1730 hours. In the evehing, the General had dinner with General and Mrs. Gruenther. - * * * * WASHINGTON, DC - 4 FEBRUARY 1949 -General Clark went to the Pentagon Building at 0830 hours and the committee reconvened at 0900. There was a 9losed session throughout the morning and another following lunch. The meeting and conference was adjourned at 1800 hours. The General spent a quiet evening at home with his mother. * * * WASHING'l'ON, DC - 5 FEBRUARY 1949 - General Clark arrived at the Pentagon Building at 0830 hours and spent the morning visiting with fri.ends and staff officers in the Department of the Army Headquarters. During the afternoon be went out with his mother, calling at the National War College. In the evening he went to dinner as guest of honor at an informal dinner party given by Brig. General Edgar E. Hume at his club. * * * * WASHINGTON, DC - . 6 FEBRUARY 1949 - General Clark spent the entire day with his mother. · * * * WASHINGTON-NORFOLK, VA - 7 FEBRUARY 1949 - General Clark went to the Pentagon Building at 0900 hours and spent the mrning conferring with various staff officers. At noon he went to the National Airport and took off for Norfolk, Virginia, where he spent the evening and night with his sister and _brother-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Henry George. * * * NORFOLK, VA-WEST POINT, NY - 8 FEBRUARY 1949 - At 0830 hours General Clark departed the Norfolk Airport and went to West Point, New York where he was met at the field by his son, Bill. 'Ibey iootored to the Academy, arriving at 1130 hours. There the General stayed as guest of Major General and Mrs. Bryant E. Moore ( superintendent of the Academy) and had lunch with them .at their home. During the afternoon, General Clark spent his time wandering around the grounds of the Academy, looking over old familiar sights. In the evening, General and Mrs. Moore gave a dinner party honoring General Clark. * 9 * FEBRUARY 1949 * * WEST POINT - NEW YORK CITY/- At 1000 hours General Clark and Bill, accompanied by Captain Dallam, motored to New York City to the Astor Hot~ 1. In the afternoon the General saw various old friends and talked to others over the telephone, and in the evening he and Bill went to a show. * * * * NEW YORK CITY - CHICAGO, ILL - 10 FEBRUARY 1949 - At 0700 hours General Clark andCaptain Dallam departed from the Hotel Astor and went to Mitchel Field to take off for Chicago. They arrived Chicago at 1430 hours and were met at the airport by the aide to General Chamberlin. They mtored to Headquarters Fifth Army in Chicago. �1 I General Clark, accompanied b;'.Y Mrs e Clark and Ann, were enroute to, in, and corning from Brazil, South America, 11 February 19 50 through April 3 1950 . �NEW YORK CITY - 4 APRIL 1949 - ibis morning General and Mrs. Clark and Ann entered New York Harbor aboard the SSURAGUAY returning from their vacation in Brazil. At 0930 hours , the General's son and Captain Dallam boarded the ship as it entered the Harbor and were welcomed by the General. Customs clearance and debarkation were arranged by Lt. Spaulding, aide to the Commanding General of the New York Port of Embarkation, General Ewart Plank; the boat docked at 1045, Pier 32. General Clark and his group went directly to the Hotel Astor where they had lunch and spent the afternoon talking about their vacation trip. Mr. Robert Christenberry, president of the Hotel Astor, came up about 1630 hours for a ddnk, and the family went out to dinner and to the show KISS ME KATE - a new Cole Porter musical. * * * NEW YORK CITY-WASHINGTON, DC - 5 APRIL 1949 - Mrs. Clark and Ann remained in NYC and General Clark, accompanied by Captain Dallam, went out to Mitchel Field at 0900 hours and flew to Washington, arriving there at noon. The General went directly to his mother's apartment and had lunch with her there. He then went to the Pentagon Building at 1400 hours and spent the afternoon seeing and talking with various staff officers of the Department of the Army. He ·spent the evening with his mother. * * * WASHI~GTON, DC - CHICAGO, ILL - 6 APRIL 1949 - General Clark went to the Pentagon Building at 0800 hours and saw the Chief of Staff, and Secretaries of the Army and Defense during the morning, as well as various other staff officers. At 1100 hours he went to his ioother's home to pack his, bags, and then, accompanied by his mother, went to the train station to pick up Mrs. Clark and Ann. From there the group went directly to the airport to start the flight back to the Presidio of San Francisco. The General's family, accompanied by Captain Dallam, arrived Chicago at 1630 hours and were met by Fifth Army officers who escorted them into Headquarters Building where they were to remain overnight. General and Mrs. Clark had dinner in the evening as guests of Nathan Cummings. * * * * CH~CAGO - SAN FRANCISCO - 7 APRIL 1949 - General Clark and party breakfasted at 0545 hours and went to the airport at 0615. They were in the air by 0700 for the long flight home, facing adverse weather the entire trip which took 12 hours. The plane landed at Hamilton Field at 1700 hours after stopping for fuel at Cheyenne, Wyoming. The family returned directly to quarters and retired early. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at h. s office at 0900 hours. At 10001" hours he had a haircut and at 1100 conferred with the Chief of Staff, being br iefed on activities during h i s absence. He lunched at home and spent the afternoon in his office clearing up various accumulated i terns. The family had dinner at hone that evening. * * I * * SAN FRANCISCO - 9 APRIL 1949 - ARMY DAY. General Clark arrived at the office at 0930 hours and spent most of the morning cleari~g up accumulated papers and preparing his speech for this afternoon. At 1100 hours, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, he went out to view the exhibits on display for Army Day. He had lunch at home and at 1330 hours reviewed the Catholic Youth parade on the Main Parade Grounds. At 1430 hours there was a brief cere100ny in the General's office when he was presented with a set of pictorial histories of World War II, given by the Veterans of theForeign Wars. At 1550 hours the General went to the baseball �11 FEBRUARY 1949 - 3 APRIL 1949 - During this period, General and Mrs . Clark and Ann were on a tr1p to Brazil. They left by trai-n from Chicago and arrived in New Orleans . General Clark was guest of honor of the City of New Orleans and the Army- Navy Club. They sailed from New Orleans aboard the SS URAGUAY on 23 February and returned aboard the SS DEL MAR. �to ( field to meet Governor Warren on his arrival by helicopter, following which he reviewed the guard of honor with the Governor and then took the Governor on a brief review of the exhibits. At 1630 hours, General Clark, with Governor Warren, Major General W. M. Robertson, Rear Admiral Lynde D. McCormick (12th Naval District), Rear Admiral J.E. Sticka (Coast Guard), Brig. General Ned Schramm ( Air Force) , Maj or General LeRoy P. Hunt (Marines) received the review cons is ting of 1,000 troops from Fort Ord, California, who had just completed their sixth week of training. Following the review and parade the General and Mrs. Clark held a reception at the officers club for some 700 guests. · General and Mrs. Clark remained at home in the evening. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 10 APRIL 1949 - General Clark spent the day fishing. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 11 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0800 hours and at 0945 hours saw Lt. Colonel Gray, JA of Sixth Army, who had several cases to take up with the Generai. At 1000 hours the General sa,r Colonel Paul Goode, the new Deputy Post Commander. He had lunch at home and played .golf inthe afternoon. * * SAN FR.iNCISCO - 12 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and saw various staff officers during the morning. He had lunch at home and went downtown in the afternoon. In the evening, he and Mrs. Clark called on the DeWitt .Taylors in St. Francis Wood, and then the General stopped briefly at the Officers Club for a stag cocktail party honoring Colonel F. F. Carpenter who had just received his promotion to full Colonel. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 13 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent the morning with various staff officers. In the afternoon he played golf and in the evening had a group of officers in for poker while the ladies saw a movie with Mrs. Clark. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 14 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 1100 hours interviewed the prospective hostesses for the new Servicemen's Club on the Post. At noon he saw Mr. Bernard, former representative of the press inVienna. He played golf in the afternoon and then attended a cocktail party in the Anza Room of the Officers Club given by the G-3 Section honoring Lt. Colonel and Mrs. Lyons. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 15 APRIL-1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and saw 'various staff offjcers during the morning. He had an early lunch at home and -went fishing in the afternoon. In the evening, General and Mrs. Clark had .dinner at the Minger downtown in San Francisco. * * * * SAN FRANCISffi - 16 APRIL 1949 - General Clark played ,golf during the morning, . spent the afternoon at home, and in the evening had a group of friends in for cocktails and then took them t,0 the informal dinner dance at the Club. ·This was in honor of Mrs. Titina Sartori, who is visiting the USA from Florence, Italy, and her son, Giovanni. * * * * �l\ SAN FRAMCISCO - 17 APnIL 1949 - General Clark played golf in the morning with Colonel Woodward and deneral Kilburn. He had lunch at his quarters and spent the rest of the day there. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 8 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at G845 hours and after consultations with various staff officers saw Mr. Felipe de Rotalde, Consul General of Peru, who paid an official call. The General had lunch at home and played golf during the afternoon. In the evening, the General and Yirs. Clark were guests of Mr. and Mrs. Edmond Coblentz for dinner at the st. Francis Hotel and the theater to see the opening of THE GREAT WALTZ. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 19 APRIL 1949 - At 0800 hours, accompanied by Mrs. Clark and Captain Dallam, General Clark drove to Fort Ord for inspection of the 4th ' Infantry Division. They arrived there at 1030 hours and were met by Major General Robert Fredericks, the Commanding General, with whom General Clark conferred until 1200 hours. General Fredericks gave a luncheon for t he General while Mrs. Clark was entertained by the Ladies Club. Immediately after lunch, General Clark toured Fort .Ord and the Presidio of Monterey. Accompanied by Mrs. Clark and General Collins, General Clark returned to San Francisco, departing Fort Ord at 1430 hours and arriving San F~ncisco about 1715 hours. They had dinner at home •• * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 20 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0815 hours and at 0830 hours had a conference with Colonel Oxx. At 0900 hours he conferred with Mr. J. ,.Clauson Roop, Deputy Chairman of the lVh:mi tions Board. At 1130 he saw Lt. Colonel Gray, the Army JA, and at 1140 hours saw Colonel Martin, G-1. He had lunch at home and spent the afternoon in the offi ce. In the evening General and Mrs. Clark went to Oakland where the General attended a banquet in honor of Mr. C. Galloway Calhoun, Imperial Potentate of the Shrine, followed by a meeting of the Scottish Rite Temple in Oakland, while Mrs. Clark attended a dinner honoring Mrs. Calhoun at the Women's Athletic . Club. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 21 APRIL 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and had various conferences with members of his staff. He had lunch at home and in the afternoon played golf. In the evening the General and Mrs. Clark went to the home of the Edward DeWitt Taylors for cocktails and dinner • . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 APRIL 1949 ~ General Clark arrived at the office at 0845 hours and spent the morn'ing conferring with members of Ms staff. He lunched at home and spent the afternoon at the office. At 1730 hours General and Mrs. Clark went to cocktails at the home of Consul qeneral and Mrs. Chang, given in honor of Dr. Hu Shi. They returned home and after dinner, accompanied by Lt. Colonel and Mrs. C. C. Smith, went to the Cow Palace for the Scout-0-rama as guests of Mr. Max Lilienthal. * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 23 APRIL 1949 - At 0500 hours General Clark, Colonel Goode, Lt. Col. Gray and Mr. Edward deWi~t Taylor and Sergeant Flint, went fishing and came in after a ratr;ier unsuccessful day at about i500 hours • .At 1800, �accompanied by Colonel and Mrs. Martin and Colonel and Mrs. McTvabon, went to Berkeley for cocktails and dinner given by Colonel and Mrs. James L. Hayden for the USMA class of 1917. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 APRIL 1949 - General Clark played golf during the morning and then General and Mrs. Clark went to Burlingame Country Club as guests of Lt. General and Mrs. Delos c. Emmons. They returned home about 1600 hours and spent the remainder of the day at quarters. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 25 APRI L 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . and at 0945 hours saw Messrs Smith and Ley of Sears-Roebuck and Company. At 1015 the General saw General Bessen, Deputy Chief of Transportation, and at 1030 hours had a conference with the Comnending· Officers of the ORC Divis i ons and smaller units, who wtll participate in the weekend CPX. At noon the General went to a luncheon given by the Chamber of Commerce at the St. Francis Hotel honoring the San Diego Chamber of Commerce delegation. He returned to his office in the afternoon, and in the evening the General, Mrs. Clark and Ann went to the home of Mr. Al Schwabacher, Jr. for dinner and the evening. * * * * SAN F.RANCISID-FORT LEAVENWOR'lH, KANSAS - 26 APRIL 1949 - At 0600 hours General Clark and Colonel P. D. Ginder went to Hami lton Field and departed ,for Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, at 0645. They stopped for refueling at Cheyenne and then proceeded to Sherman Field, arriving at 1815. They were met by Lt. General Eddy, Comnsndant of the Co~nd and General Staff College. General Clark was the Commandant's guest at quarters. General and Mrs. Eddy had a small dinner that night at which General and Mrs. Hartness, Colonel Post and Colonel .Ginder were present. * * * FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS - 27 APRIL 1949 - At 0745 hours a Guard of Honor was held in front of General Eddy's quarters for General Clark. General Clark then proceeded to the Post Theater where approximately 450 students, including foreign students from 26 countries, were present. General Clark spoke for approximately one hour, and then after a short break, held a 35-minute question period. Following this lecture, General Clark was briefed on the curriculum of the Command College and then inspected various classes in session. During the morning, he wasmet by Mr. Robert Reed of the KANSAS CITY STAR newspaper, who accompanied him on his tour of Fort Leavenworth. At 1200 hours a luncheon was held at which officers who were i n the General's command in Italy were present. At 1330 hours, the General threw the opening ball in the Army-wide bowling contest. At 1400 to 1700 he was on the golf links with General Eddy, and at 1830 hours, accompanied by General and Mrs. Eddy, the General went to the Post Cl ub where a cocktail and dinner party was held. About 80 guests were present, the majority of whom had known and ' served with the General. * * * * KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI - 28 APRIL 1949 - General Clark, accompanied by Lt. General Eddy and General ·Hartness and Colonel Ginder, went to the tv'Iuhlbach Hotel where he was greeted by his old friend Mr. Barney Allis, President of the Hotel. He had reserved for the General the Presidential Suite. The General had a conference at 1115 hours with the press in order to give them the substance of his talk to be given at the Rotary luncheon. This luncheon was held at noon and was pre- �( ceded by General Clark meeting prominent people of Kansas City in a special room that had been reserved for this purpose. The luncheon was sponsored by the Rotary Club of Kansas City in conjuncti on with the Military Order of World Wars. The 26 foreign o~ficers from Fort Leavenworth were also there and were introduced. At 1235 hours, as part of the regular Rotary program, a news broadcast was received, one of the announcements being that informed sources from the Pentagon Building indicated General Clark to be the Presidential choice to succees General Clay in Germany. General Clark was introduced by Mr . Robert Reed of the Kansas City Star. The latter opened wjth remarks that the newsbroadcast just received was 11 asmuch news to .them as it was to General Clark." General Clark talked to about 600 assembled Rotarians, giving his experiences from Italy to Austria, end=i.n.g h ·.s speech with stress on unification. General Clark's party left the hotel at 1335 hours, arr·ved at Fairfax Field at 1345 hours and was airborne at 1400 hours. They refueled at Ogden, Utah and after very stormy-weather arrived at Hamilton Field at 2128 hours. * * * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 29 APRI L 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at C'845 hours . At 0900 hours he saw Brigadier General Westover, Director of Reserve Affairs, Department of the Army . At 0930 hours Brigadier General Bradford, Assistant Division Commander, 1st Cavalry Divisfon, Tokyo,. called on the General. At 1130 hours the General had a conference with Colonel Oxx. He lunched at home and returned to his office at 1345. At 1430 he saw Lt . Colonel Gray regarding court martial cases. In the afternoon he played golf with Colonel Woodward. He dined~at home and at 2000 hours went to Stilwell Hall to address the opening meeting of t he Command Post Exercises. He returned home at 2030. ( * SAN FRANCISCO - 30 APRIL 1949 - At 0900 hours General Clark went to Stilwell Hall to inspect the operations of the Command Post Exercises. He visited each of the units and discussed problems of interest with the Unit Commanders. He lunched at home and played a round of golf in the afternoon. At 1700 hours General and Mrs . Clark boarded the Cascade Limited at Oakland and departed for Eugene, Oregon. * * * EUGENE, OREGON - 1 MAY 1949 - General and Mrs. Clark arrived at Eugene at 0815 hours and. v,ere met by Mr. and Mrs . A. C. Mattei. T'ne group went to Thompson's Lodge at Vida, Oregon for a weekend of fishing. Unfortunately, the weather turned bad and it rained heavily a11 day. The McKenzie River was at near-flood stage whjch made fishing impossible. They had a very pleasant stay at the Lodge with the Watteis and Mr . and Mrs . Herbert Hoover , Jr. * * * EUGENE, OREGON - 2 MAY 1949 - General and ~~s . Clark spent the day at the Lodge and at 1530 hours Captain Dallam ardved with the official car and they returned to Eugene to the hotel where they had an early dinner. * * * EUGENE, OREGON - 3 MAY 1949 - General Cla:rk held a press conference in the hotel with members of the local press and at 1030 hours went to the ROTC Headquarters at the Univ~rsity of Oregon where he was gre eted by Colonel Frank Maeridian, the PMS&T officer, and Lt . Colonel Watt, the senior air ROTC representative. The General inspected the faciJities of the ROTC and then called on Dr. Pallett (spellfog?) the acting president of the University. After visiting various classrooms, the General and Colonel Naeridian , Colonel �Watt and Captain Dallam returned to the hotel where they joined the ladies for lunch. At 1330 General and Mrs. Clark and Captajn Dallam departed from Eugene and arrived at Salem at 1500 hours where General Clark went directly to the off ice of 1~jor General Thoms Rilea, the Adjutant General of Oregon, and from there they went to the Governor's office for a 15-minute visit with t he Governor (Douglas McKay). Immediately following t his short visit, General and Mrs. Clark departed for Fort Lewis, arriving there at 2000 hours. They were greeted by General Collins, had dinner at Fort Lewis Inn and retired early. * * * FORT LEWIS, WASH. - 4 MAY 1949 - General Clark went to General Collins' office at 0930 hours and spent the morning in conference with General Collins and various members of his staff. They had lunch at the Officers Club and i n the afternoon the General played golf with General Keiser, Colonel Tulley, the Chief of Staff of Second Infantry Division. In the evening, General and Mrs. Clark went to the home of General Collins for cocktails and then to Colonel and Mrs. Edwin B. Howard for a buffet supper. After dinner they played poker. * * ( * * FORT LEWIS, WAffi. - 5 MAY 1949 - General Clark visited various installations on the Post and at noon was guest of honor at luncheon at the Fort Lewis Inn, given by General Collins. I ncl uded were members of the Army Advisory Committees from the Northwest area, the organization commanders at Fort Lewis and senior staff officers of the Second Infantry Division. Immediately following_ lunch there was a review given i n honor of General Clark, composed of about 15,000 troops of the Second Infantry Divisfon and Fort lewis Operating Company. Immediately following the review, General and Mrs. Clark and Ann and Captain Dallam departed for Seattle where they wentdirectly to the home of Maud and Torn Griffiths. There they stayed overnite. * * * SEATTLE, WASHING'.roN - 6 MAY 1949 - At 0830 hours General Clark went t6 the Seattle Port of Embarkation for an inspection and ·had a lengthy conference withthe Commanding Officer, Brigadier General Fenton Jacobs, and Rear Admiral Goode, commandant of the Naval District. Immediately following the inspection, General Clark picked up his famlly and departed for Camano Island, stopping enrout e for lunch. They arrived at Camano at 1530 hours and s pent a quiet evening at the house celebrating the birthday of Sgt. Frank Roberts. There was a large cake. * * * * ; CAMANO ISLAND, WASH I1U TON - 7 MAY 1949 - At 0700 hours General Clark, Ann and Torn Griffiths went fish i ng and spent the entire day on the Sound. Returned about 1630 hours, had dinner at the house and everyone retired at 2030 hours. * * * * CAMANO ISLAND, WASH INGTON - 8 MA.Y 1949 - At 1000 hours General Clark, Ann and Tom Griffiths again went fishing. About 1100 hours Colonel Ginder arrived by helicopter .and spent several hours visiting. The fishing party hatl caught two large cut-throat trout and several small trout, which they had for dinner. I * * * * CAMANO ISLAND-FORT LEWIS, WASHINGTON - 9 MAY 1949 - At 0830 hours General and his family packed and had breakfast and departed from Camano Isand about 0945 hours. They arrived at Fort lewis at 1230 hours and had lunch at the Officers Club. In the afternoon General Clark ~ent on an i nspection of the units which �l5 , ( were in the field for the annualtactical inspection. In the evening, General and Mrs. Clark gave a large dinner party at the Club. Guests included General Collins, Colonel and Mrs. Howard, Colonel and Mrs . Tulley, General and Mrs. Keiser, General and Mrs. Loyal Haynes . * . * * * FORT LEWIS, WASHINGTON 10 MAY 1949 - General Clark started on his inspection tour at 0830 hours and spent the entire morning in the field. He had lunch at the Club with General Collins and again we.n t out to complete the inspection. About 1530 hours General Rejser picked up General Clark at the Inn and they went out to play a round of golf. At 1845 hours General and Mrs. Clark went to General Collins' quarters and then General Collins gave a dinner party at the Officers Cl ub. * * * * FORT LEWIS-PORTLAND , OREGON - 11 MAY 1949 - At 0$30 hours General and his party had breakfast and departed Fort Lewis about 1000 hours for Portland where they arrived - at the Hotel Multnomeh - about 1300 hours. They lunched at the hotel and then went shopping in the afternoon. General Collins arrived about 1730 hours and joined the Clarks for cocktails in their suite, and then the three went to dinner at a small restaurant in Portland, .returning to the hotel about 2100 hours. * * * * PORTLAND, OREGON - 12 MAY 1949 - General Clark spent the morning preparing his speech. At 1130 hours, General and Mrs. Albert Brown (Northern Military District) came by the hotel to escort the General to the opening of the Army and Air Force Exposition in Portland. General Clark on arriving at the Exposition grounds was given a Guard of Honor by the Second Infantry Division band and a small detachment of Engineer troops. Immediately following the Guard. of Honor, the General held a short press conference with members of the local press and National News Services. At 1215 hours Governor McKay arrived and was met ·n front of the Honor Guard by General Clark. After revfevii..ng the Guard of Honor with Governor McKay and Major General Thomas Rilea, General Clark greeted Tu~yor Dorothy Lee of Portland and the Second Infatry Band and troops again rendered appropriate honors for her. Following thi~ review the entire party went to the tent which · had been erected for the luncheon wh: ch aJ.so was attended by prominent Portland civilians as well as local military and naval dignitaries. Following lunch, General Clark and Governor McKay made a rapid inspecti on of the exhibits and following that the two men went to the stand for the opening ceremonies, starting at 1400 hours. Governor McKay and IVIayor Lee made short addresses and General Clark was introduced by Mr. Jack Matlack, head of the Army Man Power Committee in Portland. The General gave the main address. Following these ceremonies and addresses, General and Mrs . Clark went directly to the airport and flew to Hamilton Field, arriving approximately 1700 hours. They spent the evening at home. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 13 MAY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0810 hours and spent the morning conferring with various staff officers. He had lunch at home and golfed in the afternoon with Colonel Woodward . In the evening he and General Clark went to a cocktaH party at the Officers Club gjven by Colonel and Mrs. Byron J . Peters. They spent the ever ing at home. * * * * SAN FRANCISCO 14 MAY 1949 - At 0845 hours General Clark went to Pier 44 to meet Na- . Josepn Dodge who was arriving on the liner, SS President Wilson. Mr. �Dodge has been acting in the capacity of financial and economic advisor to GenAral MacArthur in Japan, with rank of Minister . After seeing that Mr . Dodge was properly cared for and having delivered messages from the Secretary of the Army, General CJa rk returned to the Presidio and went fishing. He returned about 1700 hours and in the evening went to the home of Paul Smith for dinner . * * * SAN FRANCISCD - 15 MAY 1949 - At 1100 hours General and Mrs. Clark drove to Sonorria County to the home of 1tir. and Mrs. Edrmmd Coblentz for lunch . They re turned to San Francisco about 1700 hours and spent the evenj_ng at home . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 16 MAY 1949 - Gen.Aral Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours saw Chief Warrant Officer Knapp . At 1000 hours he saw Mr . Oppy . He lunched at home and at 1300 hours had a conference in his office with Admiral Bogan , commander of the First Task Fleet, USN , and various members of the Admiral's staff and Generals Robertson and Davidson, General Collins of the Second Infantry Divisfon, and Colonel Edwin B. Howard, commander of the 23rd Regiment, Second Infantry Division . Followf'ng this conference the General played some golf. At 1800 hours General and Mrs . Clark went to the home of General and Mrs . Robertson.for a cocktail party . At 1930 hours General and ffrs . CJ.ark went to the home of Mr . and Mrs. Fred McNear for a formal dinner party . * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 17 MAY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours · and at 1000 hours saw M/Sgt Chaney. At 1030 hours General Julian A. Gascoigne , deputy commander British Military Staff, Washington, DC, called to pay his respects. General Gascoigne had commanded the 201st Guards Brigade at the landing at Sal erno , Italy. In the afternoon, General Clark played golf and at 1715 hours he and Mrs . Clark went to the Officers Club for their 25th wedding anniversary party . About 125 guests attended . It was a complete succe.ss and as a surprise the General had had flown to the Presidio the bagpipe band from Fort Le.vis, which gave a performance. Following the party, the General "'had a group of his old friends at the house for dinner, and broke out several bottles of champagne for the occasion. * * * SAN FRAJNCISCO - 18 MAY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and at 1000 hours received General of the Air Force H. H. Arnold, who came to pay a visit. At 101+5 hour s Major General LeRoy Hunt , U. S. Marine Corps Commander, came in to say farewell upon his reassignment to the East Coast. At 1100 hours, Mrs . Frank Drake of Oma.ha called. She is an old friend of the Clarks. General Clark lunched at home and spent the afternoon at the house . He had injured his toe while playing with the dogs this morning . Later in the afternoon he returned to · the office for a short time and at ] .800 hours General and ifirs. Clark went to ·the Mark Hopkins Hotel for cocktaiJ.s-, with t he Harry Lawtons. At 1900 hours they went to a dinner in honor of Mr. and Mrs •. Merri·tt C. Speidel, President of Speidel Newspapers. The dinner was held at the Clift, Hotel . * * * * 1CISCO SAN FF.A - 19 MAY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1025 -saw Colone1 Louis Martin, Army G- 1. At 1030 hours he saw Colonel Monroe, Chief of Staff from the Alaskan Command. At 1100 he saw Colonel Frank Oxx and at 1115 Lt . Colonel Gray, JA of Sixth Army. He lunched at home and returned to his office in the afternoon,. at whi ch time he talked with General ~eyllinf! in Washington, DC, as weJ 1 as Brig . General Hume. , He dined at home that evening. * * * * �SAN FRAJ CISCO - 20 MAY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 093C hours and saw various staff officers. He departed for Los Angeles by plane at noon, arriving Los Ange l es and the imba ssador Hotel at 1500 hours . That evening he went to the opening of the Armed Forces Public Information office in downtown Los Angel:.s and following that was guest of the University of Southern California Alumni Association for dinner . * * * LOS ANGELES - 21 :M.AY 1949 General Clark spent the morning at the hotel preparing his speech and at 1145 went to the President's office at the University of Southern California where he was greeted by the Chancellor, Dr. van Kleinschmidt . Following the reception in the Pre1sident's office , t he General was escorted to the banquet hall in the Student Union Building where , following the luncheon, he was the principal speaker of the day . Following his speech , he was awarded an honorary LLD by Dr. von Kleinschmidt . Immediately following the ceremonies, the General went to the airport and returned to Sa.n Francisco . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 MAY 1949 - Ge. eral Clark played golf and spent the afternoon _ a nd evening at home . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO - 23 MAY 1949 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and at 1015 saw Gene r al Heilerre.n, Deputy Chief of lransportation, Depar tment of the Army . He lunched at home and played golf in the afternoon . * * * * SAN FRANCISCO-ENROUT1E TO W ASHINGTON, DC & ROME, ITALY - 24 MAY L949 - General Clark a c companied by Mrs. Clark, departed Hamilton Field at 0700 hours enroute to Washington, DC and Rome, Italy. �HEADQUARTERS SIX.TH ARMY PRESIDIO OF SAr"1 FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA AIDE-DE-CAMP MEMORANDUM: SEE "THE ROAD BACK 'IO ROME" BY GENERAL MARK CLARK FOR I ACCOUNT OF '!RIP TO ROME , ITALY AND NORTH AFRICA - ON OCCASION OF FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF LIBERATION OF ROME ~ZS ~\4 c; t::S �.., .,.. .l. ~, r in Rom rem our .. 11b ss ge lo t t.< .. i th ad , tl'.".:.. ti n f ,, r t ·!'lOr ... d ovt:;r fl o e 1 b t.11 •.11 i th · rt cip tc ;.n e to -or:ie 0 0 rt d .. ci e 4 191+4 J n invit s 0 , thro gh jtted _o Jta11an G h of th 1·-.1eratio +1 V hon o"' d 2, 1 1.e ut·.o oele ~J.~ 1·:i.. t r u r '?.ng 1 I 9A6 . ta I ? sh ovJ or ver of '.A. s ·, e ..>ictur t. ,1 v s:."...o irnag ...s of .;,;, lerno , ? p es , lo ~nc tory t r cul tha cc:tble r H'tb Ar , d li h , d o A_l ier of ict .i kind my Goe o h; r • ,c ch, of co rse , i ou-- _ to no.1. 0 -i cau. lt J both • ~r'"'.. . 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - May 24, 1949 and "The Road Back to Rome" by Clark Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1 - May 24, 1949. Included also is an account by Clark of his trip to Rome, Italy and North Africa by Clark titled "The Road Back to Rome." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1681 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/20cea0d5fe12eda2212c37f36493057d.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=HKxsHWcGY5Ueu5eT60DcX60Dzm%7EMgSMY2iuU3Iv91GcbiYedqjSTUDeQta3b2B8GyJYrG4l3%7EV53w7%7E8pTF6BpcnXCwHbaOEwM8%7Ek1q-33D2As3dYBf0VPXD9-qQoSfVYCMJGdMh%7EVq0--nhRsOAn267LHTPI0nctQI%7EK4m9h3xcSZB%7ESXxMzDzENNHrrdR-j6YbKTg1KLCWI7uHYCMQGvBFvXJeOcHj5B4EYt7cu-liH7j-AUq3tn1h06GYfb003cE5QJZm1%7EkQjPhD-rc5%7E8pakfUBvCSydpCO5OdMjDzwYU1J5jiMjiYS%7E%7E28hsyI2jooEVDgqdjayRtZx92XaQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1d4694f3badf6603149c384ea9fb2cdd PDF Text Text l THE CITADEL. , ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM NOl'E -ra This is Volume "' of' the War Dia.ry of Genera:!.. Mark W. Clark • .,,, U /Yc.L... "I-> s;-_ I' F l'c ' G N M.4 R.k t) W.. c_-j "/ K K / . . t/ . 'I -~ H.~ ~ ~,. . _ J / �GENERAL r K vV. CLARK 1947 l VIETu'NA, J.AlWARY 11947: General Clark remained at his home throughout the day . In the morning he took a long walk and later had lunch with Mrs . Clark . In the afternoon he rested and beginning at 1600 hours he and Mrs . Clark had an 11 At Home" for the senior staff members of USFA Headquarters and State Department; the members of the foreign legations in Vienna, the senior officers of the three Allied elements and the Austrian Cabinet. In the evening he had dinner with the family at the villa . * * * * VI NNA, JANUARY 2 1947: General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours . He worked on accumulated correspondence and then had a conferenc·e with Colonel Ox:x . At 1100 hours he received !:lr . Church of the New York City National Bank . Mr . Church is in Vienna doing some reparations work for his concern in New York . ..After seeing l'\l'Ir . Church, the General conferred with Mr . Erhardt and then saw General Tate . After covering several routine matters with General Hickey, the General left his office for the villa where he had lunch with Mrs . Clark and spent the remainder of the day. GPneral Clark sent the following message to Col Donald N. Wackwith, Mil Attache, US Embassy, Athens, Greece, info to Secstate, State Dept , and War Dept, SECRET P- 6501: "Ref your 517-46 and Amb MacVeagh's message to the Sec of State , there is some misunderstanding. Pls inform the Ambassador that I have never initiated a request to visit Greece . On the contrary when the subject of st·ch a visit was brought to my attn through Col Norman Fiske, former Afil Adv to Am Commission in Greece and now Senior .Am member of Mil Mission to the Ital Army in Rome, I was under the impression that I was being invited by the Greek Gov. Upon receipt of this info I replied that at some later date I might be able to make such a visit." �3 The foregoing telegram was in regard to the foll owing received Dec 29: " I nfo directly recd that you desire to visit Greece . Have discussed , matter with Amb who feels that visit would be highly acceptable to Greek Gov and majority Greek people and also accord ~all with other indications of growing US interest this region . However , as Greek problems now being , actively considered in Wash in connection with forthcoming UNO inv~stigation of bord er troubles , he believes visit should first be cleared with Dept of tate . ,I f decided on, he feels no formal invitation nec essary , but Greek Gov should be advised and given chance to offer you hospitality as a guest of the Greek State if it so desires . n · * * * * VIENNA, JANUARY 3 1947: General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours . He first saw General Hickey and then conferred with General Tate . At 1030 hours Cclonal McLean, Judge Advocate, presented several court martial cases to the General for review . After seeing Col~nel Grogan, General Clark conferred with Mr . Erhardt and then with General Hickey and Colonel Oxx . General Clark again saw Colonel Grogan and later saw Colonel Howard who brought in a top secret G- 2 report received from a Russian officer who had given our G·,2 information concerning Russian activities . General Clark next saw Seymour Freidin, war correspondent of the Herald Tribune , and then Colonel Ladue , who discussed the arrival of General Schultz, his replacement , and. also the visit of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra to Vienna . The General had lunch at the Bank Building and then saw General Hickey, who was followed by Mr . Christenberry . General Clark left the office at 1530 hours and wal ked part way to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day . * * * * VIENNA, JANUARY 4, 1947: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours after having walked from the villa . After going over some notes on the peace treaty the General attended a conference in the Bank Building with .assembled specialists . T.he subject discussed by them was the prospective peace treaty with .Austria . The conference ended at 1230 hours and General Clark immediately left his office for his villa where he had lunch . • He had dinner in the evening at home with Mrs . Clark . General Clark received the following message from War Department , 88995: EYES ONLY FOR CL ARK PERSONAL FROM HAL"\JD • "As you doubtless know there have been reports in the press as to the contemplated changes in command in Europe . In view of the situation existing and the. many inquiries received by t he War Dept, aonsider it advisable that official release be made . The proposed releas e, after a statement conc-erning the change in the European Theater, reads as quoted below as far as change in ustria and your new assignment is concerned . Pls let me have any comments or suggestions you may desire to make on the text of the re·lease . Would like to make the release on Monday , Jan 6 . It is contemplated that Keyes orders will be i s sued at the time the release is made, effective Jan 10 . "Text of Statement: nGeneral Clark, Commander in Chief of the US, Forces of Occupation in Aus , has been selected to, command the 6th Army with. Hqs at San Francisco , California . He will succeed the late Gen Joseph Stilwell. "Gen Clark was deputy commander in chief of the forces landing in No . �-rica in,1942 and, in Jan of 1943, assumed command of the 5th .Army which he led during the campaigns in Italy. He became commanding General of the 15th Army Group in the i~1ed Theater of Oper tions in Dec, 1944, holaing this position until he was named commander in chef of the LS Forces of Occupation in us in June,. 1945. Lt Gen Geoffrey Keyes will relinquish hi~ present assign~ ment as Commanding General of the 3rd Army in Germany and become deputy to General Clark in Aus about Jan 10 , 1947 .e will succeed Gen Clark upon the latter 1 s departure for the US at a date not yet determined . n ter combat service in NortL Africa, S,icily and Italy, General Keyes in Sept 1945 was appointed Commanding Gen- ral .of the 7th u-my while that organization was serving as part of the US Forces of Occunation in the ~uropean Theater . He was assigned to Command the Third Army in pril of 1946 " In reply to the above General Clark sent the following S P"T: EYES NLY to Gen Handy; ttTI.ef your 'UAR 88995 gree with your contemplated release. Suggest , however, that at end of part 2 after the sentence which reads 'Ee will succeed Gen Clark upon the latter es departure for the U at a date not yet determinedu there be added the followj_ng 0 probably after the completion of the forthcoming discussions of the Aus treaty v1here Gen Clark will act as deputy to Lr Byrnes n . The addition of this phrase will allay the current worry among us Governmental officials that I may leave before discussions cf treaty . " · * * * VIEhNA , J NU -y 5, 1946: General Clark remained at his villa throughout ✓ the day . In· the norning he received an EYES NLY cable from General Handy stating that the V,ar Department was to release on Monday the reassignment of the General as Comr..1ander of Sixth Axmy at San Francisco . General Clark confP.rred with Colonel Grogan on the press release and dictated a reply to the cable, incorporating some changes in the release . He had lunch at his villa and in the afternoon took a walk In the evening the General and iJirs ., Clark were dinner guests of · General and 1,:rs ., Dager General Clark received the follovTing message from General Handy, =y ONLY, 89010: 0 Ref your P-6511 , 5 Jan , release will be made here to morrow 6 Jan 1947 with chanr es as indicated by you . 11 * * * * J m RY 6, 1947: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . Because of the cold building, the General returned to his villa where he went over several official documents and then dictated personal correspond• ence After lunch in his home the General returned to the office where he saw {.ir . Erhardt and Colonel Grogan .. At 1430 hours General Schultz, new ISB head , conferred with General Clark and then Mr e Erhardt again saw the General . After ·conferring with Colonel Oxx , Gen ::ral Clark left Headquarters for his villa wnere he spent the remainder of the day . 0 VIENN , General lark received the following letter from Hilde Figl, wife of Chancellor Figl :; · ttrt was a great pleastJ.re and satisfaction to me , when, after the Christmas celebrati0n of the Old Vienna Association, I saw the children with plentiful gift and their parents going home, and I was aware of the fact that they woula be happy for a few hours . I J �5· "It is you , dear General, who contributed the greatest part to · the full success of this entertainment and put all that at our disposal , what I and my coworkers could never have offered the children. I am expressing my most sincere thanks for all this in the name of the Old Vienna Association, the children who recej_ved the gifts by the Old Vienna Association and last , but not least, also on my behalf . "I think, after this festivity you may feel assured that you have conquered the hearts of the little Austrians too., and this , I assume, constitutes the most beautiful thanks for you . nwith best wishes for the New Year, which may bring you much success, and the kindest regards to you and your family" * * * * VI NNA, JANU Y 7, 1947: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours He first conferred ,ith General Tate and at 0930 hours held a long conference with Colonel Oxx covering the ten items Oll the proposed peace treaty for Austria . After the close of this conference , General Tate saw General Clark again and was followed by Mr . Erhardt . .At 1100 hours General Clark had a long conference with lvlr . Christenberry who has completed an investigation of the club and mess facilities in Vienna and who at this time gave the General his recommendations . Mr . Christenberry will leave tomorrow by way of Fan.Am to return to New York . General Clark had lunch at his villa and returned at 1345 hours to confer with Minister Gruber (Foreign Minjster) at 1400 hours . Immediately following the conference with Dr . Gruber , General Clark completed all accumulated correspondence and then left for his villa . In the evening he had dinner with Colonel and Mrs . Sullivan in celebration of Colonel Sullivan I s birthday . * * VIENNA, J UAR.Y 8, 1947: General Clark arrived at his office~ 0900 hours . He conferred immediately with General Tate and then with Mr . Erhardt on the assignment of General Marshall as Secretary of State , following Mr . Byrnes ' resignation. General Clark worked on official correspondence and then held a long conference with General Tate on food preparation for the 1200 hours conference with Col. General Kurasov, the Russian commander . At 1030 hours General Clark decorated Colones Sullivan, Howard and D 1 0rsa in an informal ceremony , in his office , and immediat,e ly following saw Colonel McLean on four court martial cases . General Kurasov arrived at 1200 hours and conferred with General Clark until 1315 hours on the food situation, Russian recreation activities in the American Zone and permanent passes for war correspondence for Budapest and Bucharest. After lunch General Clark conferred with the Soviet General again for a short time and after tne departure -of the Soviet Commander held a press conference attended by the following: Seymour Freidin John MacCormac M. w. Werner G. K. Hoddenfeld Ernest Leiser Caroline Camp Theodore Kaghan Samual Grossman New York Herald Tribune New York Times United Press ..Associated Press Stars and.Stripes Stars and Stripes Wiener Kurier ID �General Clark conferred with Colonel Grogan and then with General Tate after which he left his office at 1600 ho~rs for the villa . In the evening he and Mrs . Clark were dinner guests of Colonel and li1rs . Pesek. * * * VIENN, ENROUTE TO BRUSSELS, JANUARY 9, 1947: General Clark left his villa at 0830 hours and drove to Franz Josef Bahnhof where he boarded his private train enroute to Brussels and London for the deputy conferences on the Austrian peace treaty . On- hand to see him off were Generals Tate and Hickey , Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan, Colonel & Mrs . Howard and Colonel Groglµl . General Clark spent the entire day on the traip and was accompanied as far as Salzburg by General Collins and Lt . Tucker . After dinner the General and family saw the movie "ilfiy Darling Clementine" and then retired early . BRUSSELS, JANUARY 10, 1947: General Clark's train arrived at Aachen at 0905 hours and' was met by Lt . Col . Ridgeway ,Smith of the American Embassy at Brus~els . Colonel Smith escorted General and Mr~ . Clark, Ann ..and Maj or Luther to the home of. Colonel Solberg, Military Attache, whe:re th.ey were . to stay while in Brussels . After lunch with Colonel and Mrs . Solberg, Ambassador and Mrs . Kirk, and Colonel and w1rs . Clair Armstrong, the General , accompanied by Colonel Solberg, paid a visit to the Minister of National Defense . At 1600 hours General Clark, with Ambassador Kirk, called on the Foreign Minister and immediately following went to the Royal Palace at which time the General was presented by Prince Regent Charles with the Belgian Croix de Guerre and the Grand Officer of the Crown decorations . General Clark returned to· Colonel Solbor g 1 s home and in the evening attended a dinner given by Ambassador. and Mrs . J.Sirk . * * * BRUSSELS, JANUARY 11, 1947; General Clark, accompanied by Mrs . Clark and Ann, spent the entire morning shopping and sightseeing around Brussels . At noon they had lunch at the Savoy Restaurant and then returned to Colonel Solborg ' s home . After resting for a short while , the General ' s group attended a coc~ail party given by Ambassador Kirk at the Embassy . Immediately following this party General and Mrs . Clark and Ann attended a dinner given by the Minister of National Defense . * * * BRUSSELS ENROUTE TO LONDON, JANUARY 12, 1947: General Clark left for the Brussels airport at 1015 hours accompanied by Colonel Solberg . He was met there by Ambassador Kirk , who came out' to bid the General goodbye. At 1100 hours the General ' s B-17 piloted by L~ . Colonel Moore , left Melsbrook Airport enroute to Bevington Airport , London . The plane landed 1140 hours , London time . Colonel Car nes B. Lee, .Assistant Military .Attache, an old friend of the General , met General Clark ' s party and escorted them to Hotel Dorchester where they will stay while in London . After. lunch General Clark saw Colonel Oxx, who had just arrived with the rest of the Austrian delegation , consisting of: Colonel E. Howard, Lt . Colonel James Rundell , Mr . Marget, Miss Dorothy Davis , Mr . James Garrison, Mr. Nati rbov . Also arriving from the USA at 2030 hours were Ware Adams and Francis William- �vi son and Mr. Charles Rogers of the State Department . After learning that the party did not have proper accommodations, General Clark sent Colonel Oxx to talk with Mr . Robert Read, who is acting as Administrativ:-e Officer for the US Delegation . General Clark remained at the hotel the balance of the day and again saw Colonel Oxx at 1700 hours . After the light dinner, the General retired . * * * * LONDON, JANU Y 13, 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at his hotel and, accompanied by Ambassador Robert Murphy, of the German Delegation, walked from the Hotel Dorchester to the office in the Navy Building, 20 Grosvenor Square. Mr . Murphy is acting as the deputy for the peace talks for Germany . General Clark spent the greater part of the morning in conference with Col . Oxx and other members of the delegation and at 1030 hours was photographed by Mr . Mott of INS . Later in the morning he saw Jack Smitµ of Reuters. At 1245 hours General Clark had lunch at the Travelers Club with Lord Hood, who is the British deputy for Austria. He returned to his office at 1415 hours and at 1430 held a conference with Colonel Oxx , Mr . Read and Mr . Williamson, who had arrived from Washington to act as Chief Political Advisor for the ustrian Element. t 1530 hours the General was interviewed by • J Steinkopf ( ), Jack Smith (Reuters), Christopher Forbes- Adams (Yorkshire Post) t 1700 hours David Thomason, press attache of the American Embassy introduced to the General Edward Kenworthy {OIC and Mr . Thomason's assistant), Norbert Ehrensfreund (Stars and Stripes), Edward v. Roberts (UP) and Waler J . Fulton (Chicago Tribune) :. Shortly after the conference Nir . Murphy dropped into General Clark's office and together they walked back to the Hotel Dorchester . In the evening General and Mrs . Clark went out for the evening . * * * LOND N, JANUARY 14, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and after studying the draft peace treaty conferred with Colonel Oxx and then with Mr . Will iamson on revising the various paragraphs of it . Mr Herbert Matthews of the NY Times interviewed General Clark at 1100 hours after which Mr . Pinckley, vice president of the United Press, and Mr . Baity, also of ~the United Press , talked with General Clark on the Austrian situ tion and on the peace treaty talks . General Clark had lunch with Admiral Conolly at 1230 hours in the dmiral 1 s flat in the Navy Building. The Admiral had invited the General to eat in his mess whenever the General so desired . At 1315 hours General Clark returned to the hotel where he changed his uniform and arrived at the office at 1415 hours . With his complete delegation, General Clark proceeded to Lancaster House f or. the joint ) opening session on tte German and Austrian talks, which began at 1500 hours . Mr . Bevin opened the meeting and then turned the meeting over to Sir William Strang and the deputies began their discussions . The General returned to his office at 1630 hours and after conferring with Colonel Oxx and Mr . Williamson returned to his hotel . At 1815 hours Major Graham Lampson, the General's former British Aide, dropped in to see the General and to meet Mrs . Clark and Ann . At 1845 hours General Snavely, Colonel Howard Moore and the crew of the B-17 which arrived from Vienna, dropped in for a short time and then General Clark walked to the Connaught Hotel where he had dinner with Mrs . Clark and A..tm . * * * �2S LONDON, JANUARY 15, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He conferred with Colonel Oxx and .i'ilr . Williamson and later with Colonel Rundell and Mr . Marget . At 1145 hours Mrs . McGowan of the New York Sun interviewed tne General on the general Austrian subject and at 1230 hours General Clark had lunch with Admiral Conolly . Immediately following lunch , the General dropped over to his hotel to talk with :r.trrs . Clark concerning the availability of a flat in London into which they might move . He returned to the office at 1430 hours and after dictating some letters saw Mr . Vandersch'Ilidt of Newsweek . t 1700 hours he returned to the hotel and later in the evening had dinner at the Connaught Hotel with MB. Clark and Colonel and r~rs . Carnes B. Lee . · * * * LONDON, JANUARY 16, 1947 - General Clark left the Hot~l Dorchester at 0900 hours and on his way to the office dropped in at the Fountain House to look at an apartment which Colonel Lee had~found for him . Mr . and Mrs . Parkinson , good friends of Colonel and Mrs . Lee, had moved to their country place as a convenience for General and Mrs . Clark so that they might occupy their apartment during the stay in London. The apartment is very satisfactory and the General will move in tomorrow . General Clark arrived at the office at 0930 hours and conferred with Colonel Oxx . At 1010 hours he left for Lancaster House , accompanied by Colonel OJoc, Mr . Williamson and General Balmer, for the first meeting of the Deputies for ustria on the Council of Foreign Ministers . The meeting adjourned at 1310 hours and General Clark went immediately to the Ritz Restaurant where he had lunch with Mr . Hal Mack, Sir Orme Sargent , KCMG, CB, Permanent Undersecretary of State, and Sir Oliver c. Harvey, KCMG , CB , Deputy Undersecretary of State . After lunch the General walked back to his office at 20 Grosvenor Square and conferred with Colonel Oxx:. At 1530 hours he held a press conference attended by the following: 1- /V-(,t~4y Jack S. Smith .Associated Press E ~ : Kuh Chicago Sun W~ • J . Fulton Chicago Tribune S.aville R. Davis Christian Science Monitor J runes E . Brown INS Ned Russell NY Herald-Tribune Jos . S . Evans , Jr . Newsweek John Chabot Smith u Herbert L. Matthews NY Times Edw V. Roberts United Press Immediately following the press conference, General Clark left his off ice and walked to the hotel . In the evening he had dinner with Mrs . Clark and n in his suite. * * * * LONDON , JANUARY 17, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours and talked with Mr . Williamson and Wir . Adams , and lat er with Oolonel Oxx . At 1010 hours he left for the Deputies meeting at Lancaster House, accompanied by Colonel Oxx, Mr . Williamson and Mr . Rogers, Economic Advisor. The meeting was adjourned at 1315 hours and he returned to the office where he had lunch . After having dictated a cable and some letters, the General talked with Colonel O:xx. F6llowing this conference with Colonel Oxx, the General went to his new apartment into which the family had moved earlier . (Apt 36, Fountain House, Park Street) . There he rested and at 18~5 hours attended a cocktail party with II/Irs . Clark and Ann given by Mr . and Mrs. Theo . Carter Achilles, First Secretary of the Embassy at Brussels , at the Hotel Conr_aught.. He returned to his apartment and had a light dinner . * * * * �- µ -~ ~ - 1, J ('fo: ~. . ? ~ . . .,.;;---,_ + ~ - t.>r ' I . ·- ---t,4:> IJV --- _. -- -- -- . . �LONDON, JANUA..B.Y 18, 1947 - General C'lark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and shortly after conferred with Colonel Oxx and Mr . Williamson, and later he called in Colonel Howard for a short conference. At 1030 hours Dr. Schmidt, Austrian political representative in London, called to see General Clark, and at 1100 hours John Osborne of TIME and LIF.1.~ interviewed the General . At 1145 hours, Colonel Oxx tal.Ked with General Clark . Shortly after noon the General left with Colonel Howard for his apartment where he picked up his family and Mrs . Howard for a trip to Salisbury . They stopped enroute and had lunch at the Lamb Hotel , Hartley- Yihitney, and continued on to Salisbury where they saw the famous cathedral . At 1630 hours the General and his party arrived at Longford Castle which previously had been General Clark's headquarters . They were received by Lord Radnor , the owner, who showed them about the grounds and the castle. After having tea General Clark and his party departed on the return trip to London, arriving at 2000 hours . The General had dinner with his family at his a~artment . * * * * LONDON, JANUARY 19, 1947 - Gener al Clark remained at his apartment until 1145 hours at which time, accompanied by his family and Mr . Heath of the German delegation, he departed enroute to the home of Mrs . Margaret Biddle for lunch He returned to his apartment at 1630 hours and in the evening had a light dinner with his family . * f ( * * * LONDON, JANU Y 20, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours after having walked from his apartment. He called in Colonel Oxx and Mr . Williamson and later talked with General Balmer concerning General Balmer 1 s recent assignment as Deputy Commissioner in Austria . At 1010 hours General Clark left his office for Lancaster House , accompanied by Colonel Oxx and Messrs . Williamson and Adams. He attended a meeting of the Deputies for the Council of Foreign Ministers which adjourned at 1300 hours . He returned immediately to his office where he had lunch with Admiral Schuirman . .At 1415 hours he saw Colonel Oxx, shortly after which he took a long walk with Captain Rogers . In the evening he had dinner with his family at his apartment . * * * * LONDON, JANUARY 21, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately saw Colonel Oxx . At 1005 hours he conferred with Mr . Orin Kaye, Chief of the London Bureau of Central Intelligence Group . Helen Kirkpatrick of NY Post then interviewed the General on the Austrian setup and at 1110 hours General Clark walked to the office of Ambassador Murphy to confer with him . He returned to his Headquarters at 1130 hours and conferred with Mr . Williamson . At 1200 hours he went to his apartment, returning at 1230 . He walked to Holborn Restaurant where he had lunch with Mr . George Harrap of George Harrap Publishers . Mr . Harrap has the contract to publish the General's book in Great Britain . Following lunch the General went to the publ,isher 1 s office for a short time and then returned to his office . He saw Colonel Oxx and at 1600 hours 1\/Irs . Clark dropped by and the General accompanied her to their apartment . In the evening they were dinner guests of Colonel and 11rs. Howard at a Chinese restaurant . * * * * �( - - ( wf~~) �lO LONDON, JANUARY 22, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . He immediately conferred with Colonel O:xx, Colonel Howard and Mr . Williamson . At 1000 hours he left his office and walked to Lancaster House for the 1030 meeting . After adjournment of the meeting , the General had iunch with Lord Hood in the .Admirals' flat in the Navy Building . Following lunch he held a conference with Lord Hood . ustrian Foreign ir'linister , Dr . Karl Gruber, called on the General at 1500 hours and at 1615 hours General Clark left his office and walked to his apartment . At 2000 hours the General, with his family , had dinner with ~r. and Mrs . William Astor . * * * * LONDON, JANUARY 23, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately held a conference with ~r . Garrison and Mr . Rogers on the Polish papers which had been circulated to the Deputies . He walked to Lancaster House for his 1030 hours meeting and after the meeting went directly to Hotel Dorchester where he and Mrs . Clark were luncheon guests of Carmel Offie of the German delegation . Lady .Astor was among the guests present . The General went to his apartment after lunch where he reated during the afternoon . At 1830 hours , wit h Mrs . Clark and Ann, t he General attended a cocktail party given by Lady Cor deaux, the aunt of Lady Harvey . They returned to the apartment at 2000 hours where they had dinner . * * * * LONDON, JAJm Y 24, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . He conferred with Colonel Oxx and Mr . Williamson on the draft peace treaty and at 1000 hours left to walk to Lancaster House for his meeting . After r eturning to his office , General Clark had lunch with Admiral Schuirman in the .Admiral's flat . At 1500 hours the General tlalked with Prof . Dr . Stanislaw Leszczycki and Monsieur Stefan ~ierblowski, heads of the Polisµ Delegation for the peace conference . Later General Clark discussed the Polis h views with Colonel Oxx after which he walked to his apartment . At 1630 hours the General and Mrs . Clark and Ann, with the rest of his delegation, attended a cocktail party given by Foreign Minister and Mrs . Bevin for the delegations attending the peace talks . After the party, General Clark, accompanied by Colonel oxx, went to dinner at the Chinese ilmbassador ' s . * * * * LONDOl , JANUARY 25, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . He i mmediately talked with Colonel Oxx and Mr . Ada.ms and later dictated a cablegram to the Secretary of State . At 1030 hours he attended the peace conference meeting at Lancaster House and from there , following the meeting, went directly to his apartment where he had lunch . Following lunch, the General r eturned to his office where he conferred with Colonel 0.xx and then walked bacll: to the apartment . In the evening, with Mrs . Clark and Ann, General Clark had dinner with Sir John Slessor, an old friend . * * * * �~ ~~ ~ / ~ r.r t /:'~~' l\ , t\ ~ - .. . r, ( �LONDON, JANUARY 26, 1947 - General Clark remained at his apartment the greater part of the morning and at 1100 hours went to the office where he talked with Colonel iliac. He returned to his apartment for lunch and in the evening had Colonels Grogan and iliac in for cocktails . The General had dinner with his frunily , Captain and Mrs . Rogers and Major Luther . * * * * LONDOr 1, JANUARY 27 , 1947 - General Clar k arrived at his office at 0845 hours . At 0915 hours he conferred with Mr . Adams and Colonel Howard . At 1015 hours he left to attend the meeting of the Deputies at Lancaster House . He had lunch upstairs in the Navy Building and at 1430 hours saw three members of the Czech delegation - Karel Lisicky, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ernest Heidrich, Minister for Foreign Affairs , and Vavro Hajdu. In the evening the General had dinner with his family at the Hotel Connaught . * l~ * * * LONDON , JANUARY 28 , 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours . After conferring with members of his staff he left at 1015 hours to attend the daily meeting at Lancaster House . The General had lunch in the Navy Building and at 1430 hours conferred with Brigadier Hirsch, former G- 2, 15th Army Group . At 1500 hours ustrian F'oreign Minister Gruber conferred with the General , who ·then returned to his apartment . t 1930 hours the General attended a movie "Best Years of our Life" . A private showing of this production was arranged for by Na- . David Golding, press agent for Sam Goldwyn i n London and former managing editor of Stars and Stripes in the Mediterranean Theater . This movie was also attended by the entire staff of General Clark. * * * * LONDON, JANU Y 29 , 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours . After studying some new papers relating to the peace treaty, which had just been received , the General conferred with several members of his staff . At 1000 hours he left his office and walked to Lancaster House where he attended the Deputies meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers . After having lunch in his apartment, General Clark returned to the office where he received Foreign Minister Gruber and Chancellor Figl for a long conference . Immediately after the conference, he returned to his apartment where he entertained several members of his staff . * * * * LO.NDON, JANUARY 30, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . He immediately conferred with Mr . Adams on the progress made by the Preamble Committ ee, and afterwards he conferred with Colonels Howard and Oxx . iJlr . Williamson , together with Mr . Rogers, saw the General , immediately after which the General departed for Lancaster House for the Deputy meeting . He went directly to his apartment following the meeting, where he had lunch, and remained there during the afternoon . At 2030 ( �hours General Clark , with Mrs . Clark and Ann, attended a dinner given by Mr . Couve DeMurville, the Deputy for France , at Hotel Claridge. * * * * LONDON, J IJUARY 31 , 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours, after having walked from his apartment . He studied several papers relating to the treaty and then dictated correspondence . Later he saw Mr . Williamson and Colonel Oxx, and together they went to Lancaster House for the Deputies meeting . The General returned to his office and had lunch with Admiral Schuirman in the Admiral• s flat. In the afternoon he conferred with his staff on the peace treaty and then left early for his apartment . That evening the General attended a cocktail party at 1800 hours given by Admiral Conolly for the General and Ambassador Murphy . At 1900 hours the General attended another cocktail party given by the .Austrian Mission at the Hotel Savoy for the Chancellor and Vice Chancellor from ustria . ter the parties, the General and family were dinner guests of Mr . and Mrs . ainwright at the Hotel Pastoria. * * * * LOND N, FEBRU Y 1 , 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours . He immediately saw Colonel Oxx and then held a long conference with Rogers . At 1100 hours he was interviewed by If1r . Sulzberger of the New York Times, who is here temporarily from Paris . At 1130 hours Foreign Minister Gruber called on the General at which time they held a long discussion on the ustrian treaty . General Clark had lunch in pis apartment and remained there during the afternoon . At 1700 hours he talked with General Tate, who had just arrived by plane from Vienna . In the evening, accompanied by his family , he went to see 0 Pacific 1860" as guest of Ambassador Murphy, and afterwards the party had dinner at Mr . Murphy's home . Mr . * * * LOl\jDON, F BhUAR.Y 2, 1947 - General Clark remained at his apartment the greater part of the morning , arriving at the office at 1055 hours . Shortly thereafter he held a press conference for the following correspondents , who had arrived from Vienna with General Tate: G. K. Hodd-eiif-eld~ Associated Press John b~ormac, · ew York Times John Vv alker, Time and Life Seymour Freidin, NY Herald- Tribume Douglas \Verner, United Press Kar1 Quigley, INS • After the press conference, General Clark conferred with General Tate and Colonel Oxx and then left for his apartment where he had lunch . He spent the afternoon at home and in the evening had dinner with his family and General Tate in his apartment . * ( * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 3, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours after having walked from his apartment . He went over certain portions of the peac e treaty and then conferred with his staff regarding same~ He then walked to Lancaster House for his 1030 hours meeting, after which he returned to the Navy Building where he had lunch with Admiral Schuirman. After talking with Colonel Oxx and Ware Adams , t :; e General went to his apart- �ment where :0.e rested . At 17.30 hours he gave a cocktail party in Admiral Schuirman's flat for 20 members of the Austrian delegation and his own delegation . other guests included Baron Herve de Gruben, Assistant Foreign Minister from Belgium, the six correspondents who had arrived from Vienna, General Tate , and the air crew of General Clark ' s plan_e . Following the cocktail party, the General returned to his apartment where he nad dinner . * { ( * * �LONDON, NGLAND, FEBRU ~Y 12, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . He conferred with members of his staff during the morning as there was no meeting of the Deputies for Austria today . At 1230 hours he returned to his flat for lunch. This was the day that Jack and .Ann were to return to Vienna; however , at 1330 hours word was received that the plane had been forced off its runway and had been mired in the mud and would be unable to leave until the following day. At 1530 hours the Genem. returned to his office and remained until 1700 hours . He spent the evening at home. * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 13 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and conferred with Mr . Adams and Colonel Oxx. At 1000 hours General Clark's B-17 left for Vienna with Jack and Ann . At 1010 the General r ode to Lancaster House for the 1030 meeting of the Deputies. He then returned to the office at 1300 and departed fifteen minutes later to have lunch at home . At 1415 hours the General walked to his office in the Navy Building • .iAt 1430 hours he received Mr • .fordecai, who had been a British Sergeant assigned to the General ' s escort in I taly . At 1500 hours, Mr . Summerfield of · ··oF THE WORLD, a London Sunday news publication, called on the General in his office . At 1500 Admiral Conoll y conferred with the General and at 1700 the General returned to his flat . At 1845 hours General and Mrs . Clark were guests of ~r . David Golding , press representative for MetroGoldwyn- Meyer in London , at a dinner in Claridge' s. Also present we:ce Mrs . Sam Goldv.iyn, Jr , a Miss Lloyd and a Miss Campbell, Captain and Mrs . Rogers . At 2000 hours the party attended the premier of the film "Notorious 0 in the presence of movie magnates of Great Britain and members of the Cabinet . General and Mrs . Clark returned to their flat at 2230 hours . * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 14, 1947 - At 0900 hours General Clark walked to the office and at 1000 hours walked to Lancaster House for the 1030 hours meeting . At 1335 hours the General and ivlrs . Clark were guests of the Swiss Minister and Madame Ruegger at Dorchester House . The General returned to the office at l/445murs and saw Colonel Bonesteel at 1500 hours . At 1530 Mr . Lisicky of the Czech Delegation, called . At 1600 hours Dr . Karl Gruber, the Austrian Foreign Minister,, called ,on the General in his office . At 1710 hours General Clark returned home and from 1800 to 1915 hours was at the Imperial Defense College as a guest of General Packard for a cocktail party . At 1920 he returned home for the evening . * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 15, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0840 hours . After conferring with members of his staff he walked to Lancaster House at 1000 hours . After attending the meeting between 1030 and 1315 hours the G~neral had lunch at home . At 1430 hours he walked back to the office and at 1500 hours received Mr. Forrest Davis , special representative for the Secretary of ·;Var, in his off ice . At 1630 hours he returned home and at 1800 General and Mrs . Clark attended a dinner in the Connaught Rooms given by the London Post No . 1 of the American Legion, followed by a dance . General Clark was the main speaker at this dinner . The remainder of the program, with Mr . Isaac Strickland, Commander of the Post , as Toast Master , �consisted of presentation of Past Commanders medals to four members of the Legion, followed by a speech by Mr . Gilbert Carr . After a bit of dancing General and Mrs . Clark returned home at 2130 hours . J * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 16, 1947 - General Clark walked to his office at 1030 hours, followed by a thirty- minute walk before returning home . At 1145 hours General and Mrs . Clark, Colonel and Mrs . Bill Lee (Assistant lVlil itary Attaore) . drove to · the country home of iv1r . and Mrs . Parkinson, the ovmers of the flat in which General and Mrs . Clark are living . From 1230 to 1545 hours the Clarks remained with the Parkinsons in company with other guests including Lady Lloyd George . Returning to the city, General and N'u-s . Clark spent the evening at home. * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 17, 1947 General Clark walked to his office arriving at 0845 hours . After conferring with members of his staff , he walked to Lancaster House at 1000 hours and attended the meeting held from 1030 to 1315 hours . After having lunch at home, the General returned to the office at 1420 hours . At 1500 he conferred with Rabbi Bernstein and his assistant , Major Hyman . At 1700 hours the General returned to his flat and entertained at dinner at 1830 hours Dorothy Davis , Sgts . Roberts and Hogue, and Captain - and Mrs • Roger~. * ( * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 18, 1947 - General Clark walked to his office at 0845 hours and at 1000 walked to Lancaster House to attend the Deputies meeting from 1030 to 1330 hours . He returned to his office at 1445 hours . After lunching at home he returned to the office until 1720 hours and then spent the evening at home . * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 19, 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0840 hours and held a conference with his staff . At 1000 hours Mr . Adams walked with the General to Lancaster House for the Deputies meeting which lasted from 1030 to 1300 hours . The General returned to his office at 1415 hours after lunching at home with Mrs . Clark . He received Mrs . Beckert at 1500 hours, who presented him with a gift of glassware . General Clark returned to his flat at 1700 . At 1830 the General had Colonel and Mrs . Oxx and Captain and ~.Jlr s . Ro gers in for cocktails, and at 1930 hours General and Mrs . Clark were dinner guests of Captain and Mrs . Rogers at the des Elysee restaurant . At 2145 hours the Clarks returned home for the evening. * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 20, 1947 - At 0845 hours General Clark wal ked to his office and at 1010 hours rode .to Lancaster House for the Deputies meeting which adjourned at 1250 hours . Following lunch at home the General walked to his office at 1340 hours . At 1510 and until 1700 hours he conferred with Mr . Frank Mason, Executive to ex-President Hoover on the latter's tour of Europe investigating the food situations . Returning home at 1730 hours General Clark left for dinner at 1930 at Claridge 1 s as guest of ex-President Hoover . Other guests were Ambassador Gibson and Mr . Frank ~ason . · * * * * �LONDON , FEBRU Y 21, 1947 - General Clark walked to the office at 0900 hours . He conferred with his staff during the morning as there was no meeting today . At 1230 hours he returned to his flat for a short time and then proceeded to Claridge 1 s for luncheon given by Mr . Galman, Charge d ' Affaires of the American Embassy in London, in honor of President Hoover-. The General returned .to his office at 1420 hours and remained until 1700 hours . At 1715 General and Mrs . Clark , in company with Colonel and Mrs . Lee , attended a reception gi ven by M. Gorshkov, Soviet Air Attache in London, at the latter ' s home in Kensington Palace Gardens . At 1945 hours General and Mrs _._ Clark attended dinner as guests of Colonel and Mrs. Lee at Grosvenor House. other guests were General Strong , Sir William Reid Dick and Lady Di6k, Sir Russell and Lady Wilkinson, Lady Malcomb , and Mr . and Mrs . Parkinson . At 2345 hours they returned t o their flat . ( * * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 22 , 1947 - At 0830 hours General Clark walked to his office and at 0940 drove to Lancaster House for the meeting of Deputies which convened at 1000 hours on this date . At 1340 hours the General returned home for lunch, then spent from 1500 to 1640 hours in his office, and then returned home for the evening . * * * LONDON , FEBRUA~Y 23 , 1947 - At 1030 hours General Clark walked to his office and at 1100 hours conferred with Mr . Marget , Colonel Oxx and Mr . Garrison . At 1230 hours the General walked for an hour in Hyde Park . After spending the lfternocnat home , General and Mrs . Clark entertained Colonel Pesek and Captain and Mrs . Rogers at Claridge 1 s for dinner . The General returned home at 2130 hours . * * * LONDON, FEBRUARY 24, 1947 - General Clark walked to his office at 0900 hours and attended the meeting of Deputies from 1030 until 1300 hours . At 1330 hours he was guest at a luncheon given by the American Associat=..on of Correspondents held at the Hotel Savoy . He and Ambassador Murphy at this time presented a short statement summarizing the effect of the conference . General Clark returned to his office at 1530 hours and remained until 1730 and then spent the evening at home . * * LONDON, :FEBRUARY 25 , 1947 - General Clark walked to his office at 0900 hours and attended the last meeting of the London conferences of Deputies of the Council of Foreign fv"rl.nisters from 1030 until 1330 hours . After lunching at home the General returned to his office for an hour before returning again to his home . That evening Captain and Mrs . Rogers , Dorothy Davis, and Sgts . Roberts and Hogue left with the two automobiles to return to Vienna . The General and i~Irs . Clark were dinner guests of J.Ambassador Murphy at Hotel Claridge . I * * * LONDON TO VIENNA, FEBRUARY 26 , 1947 - General and I\iirs . Clark departed from their flat at 0900 hours and drove to Bevington Airfield . At 1000 hours �they were airborne and flew directly to Vienna , arriving 1400 hours, Vienna time . The General was met by a party including Lt . General Keyes, Generals Tate, l!hickey and Balmer. \ I �( �t8 HINTERSTOD ., 1 ] CH 1947 - On this morning, General Clari, accompanied by Kniewasser, was successful in bagging two deer - one a six- point animal, the other a seven-pointer . He returned to the lodge for lunch and then the General went fishing, accompanied by Baumscblager, and was successful in landing eighteen trout . General Collins , having arrived during the day , was guest for dinner that evening . Later Captain and Mrs . Rogers drove in from Vienna. ( * * * * HINTERSTODER, 2 MARCH 1947 - From 0800 hours to 1300 hours General Clark enthunting, accompanied by Captain Rogers and the JHgers Kniewasser and Karl. The General bagged a chamois on this occasion. He rat.u rned to the lodge for lunch and then spent from 1300 to 1700 hours fishing and caught nine trout . The evening was spent in the lodge . * * * HINTERSTODER, 3 MARCH 1947 - General Clark , accompanied by Ann, set out for more fishing at 0900 hours . The remainder of the party prepared for the departure to Vienna. At 1330 hours the General's train departed from the Hinterstoder Station and arrived Vienna at 1930 hours . At 2015 hours General Clark decorated Sgt . Charles T. Hogue with the Army Commendation Ribbon and told him and T/Sgt. Roberts goodbye as they were leaving the following morning to return to the States by way of Italy . ( * * * * \ VIENNA, 4 MARCH 1947 - At 0900 hours General Clark walked to the office, accompanied by Colonel Joseph P. Sullivan. At 0930 hours his van departed for Leghorn , driven by Sgt . Roberts and accompanied by Major John Oswalt and Sgt . Hogue . It is to be shipped from Leghorn to San Francisco . At 1135 hours General Clark decorated several members of his headquarters with Arrrry Commendation Ribbons , Bronze Stars , etc . At 1300 hours he returned to his villa and remained there during the afternoon . At 1930 hours the General and Mrs . Clark entertained the following guests at dinner in the villa: General and Mrs . Keyes, General & Mrs . Hickey, General and Mrs . Balmer, Captain and Mrs . Rogers . * * * * VIENIA, 5 ~ARCH 1947 - The General remained at his villa the entire day . That evening he entertained 16 guests at a cocktail party at the villa in honor of Brigadier General Ralph Tate and Mrs . Tate and Colonel and Mrs . Harry Paxson, who are departing 6 March to return to the States . Jack Luther departed for Leg.norn, Italy on the British train, to ac company the General ' s personal and household effects aboard . Jack was accompanied by T/Sgt. Houston Briggs of the CG Section. Jack and Briggs are to join Major Oswalt, and Sgts . Hogue and Roberts in Leghorn to return to the States as a party . * * * * VIENNA, 6 CH 1947 - Bill Clark arrived from Trieste this morning on the British train. At 0930 hours the General and Bill walked to the office . Here the General received a typhus shot and decorated Colonel �( rv-9.J - ~ . ~~ n J vs52- - ~,;-r-- fl _, ~ �(9 McLain, JAGD, with the krmy Commendation Ribbon before returning to the villa at 1300 hours. He spent the remainder of the day at the villa. * * * * VIE~'NA, ~ MARCH 1947 - General Clark remained at the villa the entire day. He prepared himself for the coming Moscow trip . * * * VI UA- BERLIN, 8 MARCH 1947 - Today being the day General Clark and his party were to depart for Moscow by way of Berlin, the General, Mrs . Clark and Ann went to the train at 0830 hours where the General was interviewed by t he press and bade goodbye by members of his staff am their wives . At 0900 hours the General's train departed for Tulln Airfield carrying the Moscow party aboard, accompanied by the wives and families of the party. Train arrived at Tulln at 0945 hours and the party immediately boarded the two pla s - B- 17 and C- 47 - and at 1005 hours were airborne headed for Berlin. Making the trip aboard the B- 17 were: General and Mrs . Clark and Ann, Mr . Erhardt, Colonel Pesek, Colonel :Oxx, Captain Rogers and Lt . Ed Pauley . Aboard the C- 4 7 were Miss Dorothy Davis , Mr . Marget, Mr . Natirbov and Miss Ethel Killgore . The groups arrived Berlu.i at 1200 hours , the B-17 meeting a Guard of Honor under command of Brigadier General Charles K. Gailey, Chief of Sta.ff . The party was then met by Admiral and Mrs • Roscoe Schuirman ;, who were to be their hosts during the Berlin stopover. At 1300 hours General and Mrs . Clark and Ann , accompanied by Captain Rogers , were guests at a luncheon given by Admiral and Mrs . Schuirman and their daughter Hardy . Also included was Lt . Leslie Youngblood, Aide to Admiral Schuirman. At 1430 hours the General conferred with Secretary of State Marshall, Mr . John Foster Dulles , ·Mr . Benj Cohen, bassador Robert Murphy, Lt . Gen . Lucius B. Clay at General McNarney ' s Berlin residence . At 1700 hours the General returned to the home of the Schuirmans and remained until 1930 hours when he again joined General Marshall as ids guest for dinner . At 2200 hours General Clark returned to the Schuirman home . ( I * * * * BERLIN- MOOCOll, 9 MARCH 1947 - At 0715 hours General and Mrs . Clark and Ann breakfasted with Mrs . Schuirman. Admiral Schuirman had already departed for Moscow . Arriving at the airport at 0825 hours , General Clark bade goodbye to his family and hi s party of eight took off for Moscow. Included in the official party were : Mr . Erhardt, Colonel Oxx, Mr . Marget , Mr . Natirbov, Captain Rogers, and the Miss es Dorothy Davis and Ethel Killgore o The plane arrived Moscow at 1500 hours (Moscow Time) and was met by Mr . Durbrow, Charge d 1 Affaires of the American Embassy . The General was taken to Ambassador Bedell Smith ' s residence (Spaso House) for drinks and proceeded from theie to the Hotel Moscow where he is to reside during his stay in Moscow. At 1930 hours the General attended a dinner given by the .Ambassador at his residence. II I~ A * - �( I ( ~ ~. p .M Jr .. h ~ 'J J ,~. - ft < ~~ ~ ✓ yr~" . �MffiC , 10 MARCH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0900 hours in the Hotel Moscow .with Colonel O:xx, r.Jir. Erhardt, Mr . Natirbov and Captain Rogers . At 1000 hours he attended a meeting of all members of the U.S. delegation , held at Spaso House and under the direction of Ambassador Bedell Smith and Secretary of State Marshall . At 1030 hours to 1245 hours he conferred with different members of the delegation, including Secretary of State Marshall, Mr . Riddleberger . He then left to have lunch at the hotel . The General returned to Spaso House at 1630 hours and attended the opening of the Council of Foreign Ministers held at Aviation Industry Club at 1700 hours . Following adjournment of this meeting, General Clark attended a small buffet party given for members of the delegation by Ia. Molotov in the Aviation Club. At 1930 hours he r turned to the hotel and at 2000 hours dined with Mr . John Foster Dulles . The U.S Delegation is l iving in the Hotel Mosco, built in 1939 , along with the delegations of the French and British . The u •• delegation has its offices in the official residence of the American Ambassador , known as Spaso House . General Clark shares what was the billiard room with ) General Lucius D. Cly, Ambassador Robert Mur phy, Mr . John Foster Dulles , Benj Cohen, and . 1!Doc11 H. Freeman Matthews of the State Department . * * * * MOSCOW, 11 MARCH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours in his room with Colonel Oxx and Captain Rogers . J!t 0900 hours he departed for Spaso House . t 1000 hours he attended the opening session of the ) , \ Deputies for Austria, meeting at Aviation Industry Club . Following adjournment of this meeting at 1120 hours, General Clark returned again / to Spaso House where he remained until 1300 hours when he walked to his hotel for lunch . At 1600 hours the General walked back to Spaso House and there conferred with Colonel Oxx and Mr . Howard C. Vedeler of the delegation. At 1815 hours the General again walked to his hotel where he was met by Mr . Sulzberger, reporter for the New York Times, who conferr with the General for 30 minutes . At 2000 hours the General dined with the usual party consisting of Colonel Oxx, Mr . Erhardt , Mr . Natirbov and Captain Rogers . * * * MOSCOW, 12 MARCH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at 0830 hours following which he drove to his office at Spaso House where he conferred with Mr. Riddleberger and Colonel Oxx . At 1100 hours to 1410 hours he attended the daily meeting of Austrian Deputies at Aviation Industry Club . After adjournment of the meeting the General had lunch at his hotel and then walked to his office where he conferred with Mr . Jack Reinstein of the Economics section of the delegation . At 1730 hours General Clark walked to the hotel and at 1845 hours received in his room Mr . Leon Pearson, Paris representative of INS,. At 2000 hours the General dined a.t the hotel . * * * * MOSCOW , 13 MARCH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at 0830 hours follov,ing which he drove to his office. From 1100 to 1400 hours he attended the meeting of the Deputies for Austria and after adjournment returned to Spaso House for lunch with Secretary Marshall . At 1640 hours the General drove to the hotel where · he remained until 1900 hours at which time he returned to his office . At 2015 hours he dined with Secretary Marshall and others as guests of Ambassador and Mrs . Smith At 2140 �.... - J ,I,&~-~ ~ ? I&~ ( M~~ - /. ·~ ~-- A - - ~ ,:-~,. -. IL/ vi~ , ~~~ '~~t ~· L-: ~/ µ,1a. / . ,,- ~\ ~ . ~ ;d.;~¢': , s;,,k~~ ' • v/p /~ �( hours the General returned to his hotel where he saw Mr . Reinstein for a few moments and then retired . * * * * MOO.COW, 14 M.AF..CH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at 0815 hours and then drove to Spaso House where he conferred with Colonel Oxx and Messrs . Erhardt and Reinstein. From 1100 to 1400 hours he attended the meeting of Deputies for Austria following which he returned to Spaso House for lunch . After lunch the General conferred with rvir . Erhardt and Colonel Oxx and then walked back to the hotel at 1645 . At 1930 hours the General engaged in a bit of Gin Rummey with Captain Rogers before dining at 2100 hours with Colonel Oxx and Captain Rogers . * * MOSCOW , 15 MARCH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours following which he drove to Spaso House and conferred with Colonel 02ac, Messrs . Reinhardt , Meeker and Dulles . From 1100 to 1300 hours he attended the Deputies meeting and then returned to his ...office and saw Secretary Marshall for a brief time . He had lunch at Spaso House and then returned to his hotel at 1530 hours . At 1830 hours General Clark attended a cocktail party given by Major General Robert Macon, U.S . Military Attache in Moscow. General Macon was one of the Division Commanders under General Clark at one time in Austria . Included among the guests were many of the representatives of other foreign countries located in Moscow. t 2000 hours General Clark returned to his room in the hotel where he had as guests those graduates of West Point and Annapolis here in Moscow. This group included, Colonel Francix H. Ox:x:, 20, Colonels Marshall Carter and Charles Bonesteel , 1 31, Lt . Colonel Donald v. Bernier, 1 34, and Captain Bernard W. Rogers , 1 43 , all graduates of the Military Academy . In addition there were Rear Admiral Roscoe Schuirman, 1 12, and Colonel Shepard, ' 24, graduates of Annapolis . Following a few drinks the party adjourned to the dining room of the Moscow Hotel and had their own version of the annual West Point dinner commemorating t he 145th anniversary of the founding of this Academy. On this date General Clark sent the following massage to General Keyes in Vienna to be passed to all West Point dinners: "Six graduates in Moscow extend to you our best wishes on this 145th anniversary of the founding of our Alma Mater . Gathering tonight at the Moscow Hotel, are members of the classes of 1 17, 1 20, 1 31 , •3~ and June 1 43 . Our thoughts are with you in Vienna and all over the world on t his occasion as we wish you a most successful and enjoyable evening . " * * * MOSCOW , 16 MARCH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at 1000 hours and then drove to Spaso House where he conferred wi t_h Mr . Erhardt , Colonel iliac and Mr . Reinstein . t 1315 hours General Clark walked to the hotel where he had lunch . Returning to S-paso House at 1530 hours he conferred with SecrP-tary <larshall from 1600 to 1820 hours . At 1900 hours the General attended a cocktail party given by Ambassador and Mrs . Smith at their residence, Spaso House . At 2000 hours the General returned to the hotel and dined at 2100 hours in the hotel dining room . * * * * �It ./ ~ () A ,....- . ~ i~ ~ ;,V\ , ,,, ?j v-5, 1 j4 / ~.,._j_-"'I ,,,.r' ' ~ ✓- ,;t~~ .CV"' L~ ..,_I-.. . . . ~ ~ J-'-j . e__ / ~' ( - �MOSCOW, 17 MAHCH 194.7 - General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours and went to his office at 0900 . There he saw Mr. Erhardt, Colonel Oxx and Mr . Reinstein . At 1015 hours he conferred with Secretary Marshall regarding military clauses of the Austrian treaty . At 1100 to 1400 hours he attended the Deputies meeting following which he returned to his hotel for lunch . Arrii/ing back at ire office at 1530 hours, General Clark received Lord Hood at 1600 . At 1830 hours he returned to his hotel and once again went to Spaso House at 1940 hours to dine as guest of the Smiths At ~200 hours he returned home . * * * MOSCO\fl , 18 M CH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours and then drove to Spaso House where he had a meeting with Mr . Erhardt , Colonel O:xx, Mr . Meeker and Mr . Vedeler . He also saw Mr . Reinstein an Mr . Matthews . From 1100 to 1410 hours he attended the Deputies meeting following which he had lunch at the hotel . Returning to Spaso House at 1630 hours the General remained there until 1815 at which time he walked to the hotel with Mr . Erhardt . At 2000 hours he attended a dinner given by M. Molotov, Soviet Minister , at Aviation Industry Club . Besides the Foreign Ministers and Deputies of the delegations there also attended from the U.S. delegation Ambassador Murphy, vir . Erhardt, General Clay, Messrs . Matthews , Copen, Dulles and Mason . At 2200 hours M. Molotov held a reception for certain members of the four delegations which was also attended by his dinner guests . At this reception General Clark once again spoke with Marshall Konev , at one time his Soviet counterpart in Vienna . * * * MOSCOV, 19 M CH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours and arrived at Spaso House at 0900 hours where he conferred with members of his staff before attending the Deputies meeting from 1100 to 1400 hours . He returned to Spaso House for lunch and remained in his office until 1715 • hours at which time he walked to the hotel . .At 2045 hours General Clark dined in the Hotel ' s dining room. * * * Mosco· , * 20 M CH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours and arrived at Spaso House at 0900 hours . He attended the meeting of Deputies from 1100 to 1240 hours following which the General returned to his office . At 1315 hours General Clark had lunch at the hotel with Admiral Schuirman . t 1600 hours the General returned to his office and remained there until 1715 hours at which time he walked to the hotel with Mr. rhardt . t 1930 hours the General arrived at Spaso House for dinner as guest of the S.mith.$ . * * * �., /4 d~ C. ( l / I ) �MOS.COW, 21 MARCH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted in the dining room of the hotel at 0810 hours in which place he saw both Lord Hood and M. Paris for a short time . At 0845 hours the General arrived at Spaso House where he con ferred with .v1r . rhardt, Colonel 0:xx and Messrs Reinstein and Marget . From 1100 to 1215 hours the General attended the meeting of the Austrian Deputies, following which he returned to Spaso House and lunched with ivirs . mith and other members of the delegation . The afternoon was spent in the preparation of the report of' the Deputies to the Council of Foreign Ministers . This report had been called for by the Council at their meeting the evening of 20 March . At 1600 hours General Clark attended the CFM meeting and delivered the report from the Austrian Deputies to the CFM . At 1730 hours he returned to the Hotel and at 1900 hours Mr . Erhardt, Colonel 0xx, and Messrs . Dulles and Rogers stopped by the General ' s room for a few minutes . ·t 2030 hours the General dined as guest of Lord Hood in the dining room of the Hotel 1voscow. * * * * MOSCOW, 22 M CH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at the hotel at 0820 hours and at 0900 hours he conferred with w1r . Erhardt and Colonel 0xx at Spaso House. From 1100 to 1335 hours he attended the meeting of Deputies, followed by lunch at the hotel. At 1515 hours he returned to Spaso House and conferred v.rith Mr Meeker, his legal advisor . At J..630 hours he walked to the hotel with Mr . rhardt . At 2100 hours he attended a dinner given by M. Catroux, the French Ambassador to the Soviet Union . He returned to the hotel at 2330 hours * * * * MOSCOW, 23 1v CH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at tlJe hotel at 0900 hours and from 1000 to 1230 hours he was taken on a tour of the Kremlin along with 11 other members of the American delegation, including Ambassador Murphy . The tour included seeing the museum, built in the 19th century, and anabbreviated inspection of the grounds and a trip through the Kremlin Palace . t 1400 hours the General lunched at the National Hotel as guest of Leon Pearson, Paris correspondent for INS . other guests included George Backer, Overseas News . . encies, J . Kingsbury Smith, INS, Lud Denny, Scripps- Howard, and Captain Rogers . At 1600 hours the General returned to his hotel and rested until 1916 hours at which time he went to Spaso House for a buffet dinner for the erican correspondents . * * * • MOSCOW, 24 MARCH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at his hotel at 0815 hours and arrived at Spaso House at 0845 . He immediately conferred with Mr . Meeker , Mr . Erhardt , Colonel 0xx and u1r . Reinstein . From 1100 to 1400 hours he attended the meeting of ustrian Deputies, followed by lunch at his hotel . At 1530 hours the General ~eturned to his room to rest and at 1645 hours returned to Spaso ouse . At 1830 hours he drove back to the hotel where he saw Leon Pe son, INS . At 2000 hours he dined in the restaurant of the hotel . * * * * MOSCOV-, 25 M CH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at his hotel at 0830 hours and arrived at Spaso House at 0900 hours where he immedi ately saw Messrs . Reinstein and Meeker , and Colonel 0xx . From 1100 to 1315 hours he attending the meeting of Austrian deputies , followed by lunch at Spaso House . From 1600 to 1830 hours he attended the meeting of the Foreign Ministers , and from 193.0 to 2310 hours was guest of 1✓1 . Molotov at the ballet, Romeo and Juliet, �IL~ ,;-,-J? -~')-J I \ ~~f~d ~ #~1 Q....-v,_ I M J so-1 · ~ ~ ~ . r- fJ,,.~~~tJ- ~ ~ Bto~ r ~ h t.t1. I},.. ~I ) ~ 11; ~-~r.~~ ~ a- e_ ;,~ ~~ - ' J--t/V\ - ~-~ ~ rp {~ \ -~r-.-.n i) A,i t. ~ Jo . ' ~~ r.,;,) - ~ ov1 r p ~Q ~ .,,t.4 w-4..-- .Y,? (I ~~ r::>4---...-D - C~~ t . , ?--C..-c.J I u~~"' ~l ~ J ~7 ·- °'-- ~---I""'l~- . ~ 1 ,,,;.-~c~ :/-~fw.- �held at Bolshoi Theater . On this occasion the entire theater had been taken over and complimentary tickets presented to members of the three delegations . General Clark, Secretary Marshall and General Clay were the three American representatives who sat in M. Molotov 1 s box. From 2315 to 0015 hours the General attended a reception held by t he Greek Ambassador, M. Politis . * * * MOSCOW, 26 MARC H 1947 - General Cl ark breakfasted at his hotel at 0830 hours and arrived Spaso House at 0900 hours where he immediate: y- conferred with Messrs . Erhardt , Reinstein and Marget . At 1030 General Clark conferred with Secretary Marshall and from 1100 to 1330 hours attended the Deputies meeting, followed by lunch at the hotel . He returned to Spaso House at 1600 hours and later walked back to the hotel . At 1900 hours he saw Dr . Karl Gruber, the ~ustrian Foreign Minister, and then had dinner at the hotel . * * * * iOSCO\ , 27 I CH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at his hotel at 0810 hours and arrived Spaso House at 0845 hours where he immedi&tely conferred with ~essrs . Erhardt , Meeker and Bohlen . At 1030 hours he attended a meeting with the Secretary of State . In order to prepare a draft paper regarding German assets for the Secretary for the Council meeting this afternoon, General Clark did not attend the .Austrian Deputies meeting . t 1400 hours the General again saw Secretary Marshall and at 1420 hours lunched at Spaso House . From 1600 to 1930 hours he attended the Council of Foreign lflinisters and then ret urned to the hotel briefly . At 2000 hours he returned to Spaso House and again saw the Secretary, followed by dinner at 2030 hours in the hotel in Ambassador Murphy's room with General Clay and .1r . Erhardt . t 2230 hours he saw Mr . Meeker before retiring. * * * * MOSCOW, 28 1 CH 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at his hotel at 0840 hours and arriving at Spaso House saw Messrs . Reinstein and Marget . t 1030 hours he attended a meeting with Secretary of State Marshall and again did not attend the Deputies meeting . At 1145 hours he presented Dr . Karl Gruber to the Secretary of State for a short conference. At 1330 hours he lunched at Spaso House anf from 1600 to 1800 attended the meeting of CFM, fo].owing which he returned to the hotel . From 2000 to 2345 he attended a dinner bridge party as guest of Major General and Mrs . Robert Macon, U.s . Military Attache . 1 * * * * MOSCOW, 29 M H 1947 - General Clark breakfasted at his hotel at 0830 hours and at 0845 arrived Spaso House where he i mmediately conferred with Colonel Oxx and !Ir . ·~r hardt . From 1100 to 1410 hours he attended the meeting of ustrian Deputies, followed by lunch at the hotel . At 1645 hours he wal ked to Spaso House with Mr . Erhardt . At 1800 hours he conferred with Dr . Gruber, and at 1900 returned to the hotel where he saw 1Jlr . Riddleberger in his room . The General had dinner at the hotel in the dining room . ( * * * * �---- ---------- W~ · . ~~ ~-..J - tAf!-0-~.--..."""- ~ ~ ~ \ .v~.<1 ~ } ,,::;.-..---..-(J"="-\..f..l .___.,,,L-''"-"---"~- ,v �Moscrn~, 30 I~ .CH 1947 - Genera! Clark had break..i'ast at 1000 hours followed by a 30 minute walk with ~1r . Erhardt, Colonel Oxx and Captain Rogers . At 1200 hours he was guest of .Ambassador and .wlrs . flrnith at a performance of the Nutcracker Suite at the Bolshoi Theater . Following the ballet the party returned to Spaso House for a buffet lunch . Included among the guests were the high ranking members of the State Department, plus Mr . Harold Stassen, former Government of Minnesota and prospective Presidential candidate on the RepublicJ~icket t 1600 hours the General returned to the hotel and at 1900 hours played Gin. Rummy · for a time with Capt a in Rogers . t 2130 hours he had dinner with Colonel Oxx, ';rlr . W. J ., Fui ton of the Chicago Tribune and Captain Rogers . * * * * OSCOW, 31 MARCH 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0910 hours and at 0950 hours he arrived Spaso House where he remained until 1400 hours since on this day ire ustrian Deputies were not meeting . After lunch at the hotel the General walked for an hou,~ and then spent the remainder of the afternoon in his room . At 1900 hours he attended a cocktail party given by Minister Bosv,ell of the !'-Jew Zealand Delegation .. t 1930 hours he returnee: to the hotel, had dinner at 2100 hours , and for an hour played gin rummy with Captain Rogers . ( \ * * * * MOSCOW , 1 RIL 1947 - Gener-al Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours and arrived at Spaso House at 0900 . From 1100 to 1315 hours he attended the Austrian Deputies meeting and then walked from the meeting to the hotel with ;vlr Erhardt . At 1420 hours he had lunch at the hotel and after resting until 1600 hours he returned to cpaso House until 1800 hours when he walked back to the hotel with Carmel Offie and Captain Rogers . Following a few hands of gin ru.'Il.tny the General dined at 2100 hours . * * * * MOSCO'. , 2 RIL 1947 General Clark had breakfast at 0815 hours and at 0845 hours arrived at Spaso House where he immediately conferred with Mr . rhardt, Colonel Oxx and Mr Marget . From 1100 to 1410 hours he at tended the meeting of ustrian Deputies , following which he lunched at the hotel , and returned to his office 1550 hours . t 1600 hours he again returned to his hotel . The B-17 arrived from Vienna on thit; date at 1500 hours. In addition to certain personal belongings and mail , the plane also broµght Captain Chingis K. Guirey , who was to act as an extra interpreter at the conference t 2000 hours Mr. rhardt and ~olonel Oxx had drinks with the General, followed by dinner at 2130 hours . * * * * MOSCOW, 3 RIL 1947 General Clark had breakfast at 0830 hours follo1ing which he drove to ... paso House ad immediately conferred with Mr . Reinstein and then saw Dr Gruber . bassador ith spoke briefly with the General in his off ice . Following the ustrian Deputies meeting which was held from 1100 to 1345 hours, General Clark lunched at his hotel and at 1600 hours returned to .paso House to see Lord Hood and Lt . Colonel Howard Moore , pilot of the B- 17 . t 1800 hours the General returned to the hotel followed by a walk with Mr . Erhardt and dinner later in the evening. * * * �( I \ �M0SC v, 4 RIL 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0845 hours and then drove to Spaso House at 0915 . The Deputies meeting on this date was held from 1100 to 1415 hours . Following the meeti:lg General Clark lunched at his hotel and then returned to Spaso House . · t 1630 hours hours the Genera] conferred with the Secretary of State for about 20 minutes . ·t 1800hours he walked to his hotel with ;,1r . Erhardt and had dinner there that evening . * * * * M0SC , 5 RIL 1947 - General Clark · arrived at his office at 0900 hours and attended the Deputies meeting from 1100 to 1415 hours . ter lunch at the hotel, the General walked for an hour with Mr . Erhardt and Mr . Hal Mack, the British Political Advisor from Vienna . At 1700 hours the General then met Dr. Gruber and walked with him for an hour . t 1830 hours Captain Vaughn, U.S. Navy, and local doctor for the foreign colony :in Moscow, visited General Clark and examined him as the General has been suffering from stomach disorder . At 2030 hours the General dined at th9 hotel . * * * * R L 1947 General Clark remained :in his room during the morning and at 1430 hours lunched with Colonel 0xx and Captain Roeers. From 1530 to 1630 hours the General walked for an hour with Captain Rogers and then spent the remainder of the afternoon in his room . Following dinner in the evening he played gin rummy for a time . h10[£0,l , 6 * * * * MOSCQi; , 7 RIL 1947 General Clark had breakfast in his room and arrived Spaso House at 0915 hours . From 1100 to 1400 he attended the .Austrian Deputies meeting, lunching afterwards at his hotel . At 1700 hours the General returned to Spaso House and at 1800 hours walked back to the hot~l . At 1900 hours he saw Mr . Mc dle of the Philadelphia Bulletin and at 2000 hours dinner at Spaso House as guest of Ambassador and b1rs . Smith At 2145 the General returned to his hotel . * * * * MOSCO~ , 8 RIL 1947 - General Clark had breakfast at 0900 hours and at l.1 945 hours arrivedat Spaso House . On this date the meeting of Deputies was scheduled for 1200 hours and it lasted 45 minutes . It was decided at this meeting to adjourn the Deputies for ustria until reconvened by the Foreign Min·sters , since all preliminary work which could be done at the Deputies' level had been accomplished until consideration was given to the ustrian question in the Council of Foreign Ministers Following this meeting the General walked to his hotel with Mr . Erhardt and Captain Rogers . After lunch at the hotel General Clark remained in his room during the afternoon . From 1700 to 1800 hours the General walked with Captain Rogers and dined that evening with Rear Admiral Schuirman. * ( * * * MOSCOW, 9 APRIL 1947 General Clark had breakfast in his room at 0915 hours and at 0945 arrived at paso House where he saw Secretary Marshall who grai."1ted him permission to leave 1~1oscow and return to Vienna until the .Austrian �question was placed on the genda of the Foreign Ministers . During the course of the morning, in arranging for his return, the General talked with .'irs . Clark . At 1200 hours the General walked to the hotel with Mr Erhardt and remained there during the afternoon. From 1800 to 1900 hours the General walked with Captain Rogers nd at 2030 hours attended a dinner at the British Embassy as guest of British Foreign Minister Bevin . Other guests included Secretary Marshall, M. l':Iolotov, M. Vyshinsky, and M. Bideault . * * * * MOSCOVT-VIENN , 10 .. RIL 1947 Gene:ral Clark had breakfast in his room at 0830 hours and at 0900 departed the hotel with Captain Rogers for Vnukova Airport where he was to meet the B- 17 to return to Vienna . At 1030 hours the B- 17 arrived and at 1130 hours departed for Vienna via Berlin, with General Winterton oft e British Army and Captain Rogers as other assengers . Five hours later (3:30 .Berlin Time) the plane arrived in Berlin and was met by Colonel Booth, commanding officer at Templehof Airport . t 1555 hours the plane left Berlin and arrived Vienna at 1730 hours . The General and Captain Rogers were met by Mrs . Clark and .tAnn, Mrs . Rogers , General Hickey and Colonel Pesek . They departed in General Clark's train which was waiting at Tulln Airport and proceeded to Hinterstoder Valley * * * * Hil iTERS'.P0DER, 11 RIL 1947 - General Clark arose at 0700 hours and left to go fishing at 0730 . He was accompanied by Baumschlager, his fishing guide, Karl, his assistant, and Otto from the train, who acted as interpreter. The General remained out until 1730 hours when h returned to the lodge having caught 24 trout . That evening was spent at the lodge . 0 * * * * HINTER.S.TO , 12 RIL 1947 - From 0800 to 1700 hours General Clark went fishing, accompanied by Baumscblager, Karl and Captain Rogers . Again the General caught 14 trout before returning to the lodge . The evening was spent at the lodge . At 2030 hovxs the General received a telephone call from Colonel Pesek relaying a call that had been received from Colonel Oxx in l'y1oscow . * ( * * * HINTEF.STOD -VIElINA, 13 APRIL 1947 - General Clark, having decided to depart for Vienna on this date, left the lodge at 0830 hours and fished until 1130 . He then proceeded to the train which had been loaded, and after distributing candy bars as usual to the children who gathered to see him, departed the train at 1200 hours . Passing through Linz, the General's train was met by Brigadier General and Mrs . Haynes and their two daughters . Arriving Vienna at 1900 hours the train was met by Lt . General J .C. H. Lee, CG of ~TOUSA, and Major General Moore, CG of 88th Division, both of whom had arrived that day in a party for a one-day visit in Vienna . Also meeting the train was General Hickey and Colonel Pesek . At 2000 hours after returning to his villa, General Clark held a press conference attended by 11 correspondents, including Mr . and Mrs . Hamilton Fish Armstrong, he being the editor of the Quarterly Review °Foreign .Affairs n . The press conference ended 2115 hours at which time the Clark family had dinner . * * * * ��( VIENNA-MOSCOW, 14 RIL 1947 - At 0800 hours General and Mrs Clark departed for the Franz Josef Bahnhof where they boarded the General's train for the run to Tulln . Others at the train included Captain and Mrs . Rogers, General Hickey, Colonel Pesek and Lts . Lundgren and Jenkins . Riding to Tulln with the General was Austrian Chancellor Leopold Figl , and Lt . Col . Kretzmann of the U.S. Army . The train arrived Tulln Airport at 0845 hours where the party was met by ;Jiaj or ...;eneral \{interton , and at 0904 hours the B-17 departed Tulln with General Clark, General Winterton and Captain Rogers aboard . At 1045 hours the plane arrived at Berlin and was delayed one hour waiting for the Soviet navigator and radio operator to appear . Meeting the B-17 at the field were Brig . General Charles Gailey, Chief of Staff of Headquarters, Berlin, and Colonel Booth, Commanding Officer of Templehof . Vhen the Soviet crew failed to appear the B-17 departed Templehof at 1145 hours and arrived Moscow 4 hours 55 minutes later (1740 Moscow time) . The party proceeded to the Hotel 1vloscow where the General conferred with Mr . ""rhardt , and Colonel Oxx . That evening the General dined in the hotel dining room . * * * MOSCO,, 15 JRIL 1947 - General Clark had breakfast in his room at 0900 hours and at 0930 hours arrived at Spaso House where he remained until 1110 hours when he returned to his hotel and there saw H. Paris, the F'rench Deputy for ustria . t 1230 hours the General talked with Lord Hood, the British Deputy for ustria e t 1330 hours the General returned to Spaso House where he had lunch at 1400 hcurs . Returning to the hotel at 1530 hours the General worked with Colonel Oxx on certain portions of the ustrian treaty From 1745 to 1815 hours the General went for a walk, accompanied by Dr . Gruber, t l-i e ustrian Foreign Ilinister . t 1815 General Clark received Lt . Colonel Moore, his pilot , in his room . t 1830 hours he kept an appointment with IJir . Sulzberger of the New York Times and at 2030 hours dined with Colonel Oxx and liir . Erhardt in the dining room of the hotel . * * * MOSCOW, 16 RIL 1947 - General Clark had breakfast in h·s room at 0830 hours and at 0900 hours arrived at Spaso House where he immediately held a conference with Mr . Erhardt, Colonel OJoc, and Messrs . Meeker and Vedeler . At 1030 ho'lµ's he attended the daily briefing held by General Marshall. General Clark remained at Spaso House until 1330 hours when he returned to the hotel for lunch following which he again went to Spaso House to see Secretary Marshall . t 1600 hours he attended the meeting of the Council of Forei 6n lvdnisters which commenced consideration of the "- ustrian treaty . The first 15 .Articles were discussed by the Council and results on this date were not too discouraging . Meeting adjourned at 1740 hours at which tine General Clark returned to the hotel . He dined at 2100 hours in the 1 otel dining room with Leon Pearson, Colonel Oxx and /Ir . ,...rhardt . * Mosca:, 17 * * * RIL 1947 - General Clark had breakfast in his room at 0800 hours and at 0840 hours arrived at Spaso House lt 0945 hours he then attended the daily briefing with Secretary Iv:arshall and at 1100 hours attended the meeting of the Council of Foreign Ainister at which time the Yugoslav delegation presented its case, with the A.ustrfan delegation present . The meeting adjourned at 1330 hours and General Clark then attended a luncheon given for the German and ustrian Deputies by d . Vyshinski, the Soviet Deputy for Germany . t 1520 hours General Clark returned to Spas? �Hous e and then proceeded t o the .Jiini sters t meeting at 16 0 hours. ticl es 16 t hru 33 of the Austr ian t reaty were d ·scussed at t his meeting . Following adj ourrunent at 2000 hours Gener al Clark walked t o the.hotel , accompanied by dmiral Sc hu:..rman and Captain Rogers - t 2115 hours General Clark had dinner with Co~onel Oxx and aptain Roger . * * * * MOSCOW - 18 APRIL 1947 - General Clark had br e.kfast in hie room at 0800 hours and at 0845 hours arrived s.t Spaeo House At 0945 hours he attended the daily briefing with Secretary Marshall and at 1100 hours a ttended the meeting of the Council of Foreign Mini st~rs. The meeting a djourned a t 1350 and the Gen~ral returned to his hotel for lunch. At 1600 hours the Gen ,ral a ttended another meetin~ of the Counc il of Foreign Mini s ters where further Articles of theAustrian treaty were discussed . Adjournment was at 1945 and the Geheral returned to his hotel where he had dinner with Colonel Oxx , Mr Erhardt and Cap tain Rogers . • Moscow - 19 APRIL hotel at 0815 and of the Council of then dined at the * 1947 General Clark h~d breakfast in the dining room of the at 0845 arrived at Spaso House. The usual two meetings Forei~ Mini.st~rs were held , attended by the Genera l. H hotel after a short walk a.round th, Kr ,mlin . MOSCOW - 20 APRIL 1947 - G neral Clark had br akfast at 00 hours and then went to Spas o Hous . He had lunch with Gen~ral and Mr ~ B~Smith and then returned to his hotelwhere he rested f or a t i me and then w n ou t and about Moscow , accompanied by Co l onel Oxx and ·Mr . Erhardt • • MOSCOW - 21 APRIL1947 - General Clark had breakfast in his room at 0800 hours and arrived Sµ3.so House at 0845 hours. He then attended the usual briefing with Secretary Marshall and at 1100 hours attended the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting . Thi~ meeting adjourned. at 1330 hours and the General returned to Spaso House for lunch . At 1600 hours the General att~nd.ed th" second meeting of the day of the CFM. After adjournment Gen ~rel Cla rk returned to his hotel where he relaxed for a bit and then took a walk before dinner . He din o with Mr . Erhardt andColonel Oxx. * !1 OSCOW - 22 APRIL 1947 General Clark ha d breakfast in the dinin g room of the hotel at 0810 hours and then proceeded to Spa s:> House No meetings were attended. this day inasmuch as the G rman question wa s on the Ag~nda. . Mrs . Cla rk and Ann a rrived from Berlin wher they had been held up due t o bad flying weather. That evening the Cl a rk f amily attended a ballet at the Bolshoi Theater. * MOSCOW - 23 APRIL 194? - Genera l Clark ha d breakfa st with h is f am ily at 0800 hours and then proce ded to Spaso House. He a ttended the brief ing with Secret a ry M2 rsha l l and at 1100 hours att nd d the meeting of the CFM . This day �( Mr. Erhardt who had ~ot been fe ling ~ell, left by plane for B~rlin and Vienna., In the vening Generl end Mrs . Clark and Ann attended ::1 dinner at the American EmbasRy ~iven by General and Mrs. Bedell . Smith. MOSCOW - 24 APRIL 1947 - General Clark had breakfast with h s femily at 0830 hours and then proceeded to Spaso Houee . After attenoing the morning meeting with Secretery Marshall and the CFM meeting, he returned to his hotel for lunch with his family ancl spent sometime with th m about Moscow. In the evening they had d_i:nner at the hotel . * MO . COW - 25 APFIL 1947 - The last meeting of the Minister$ et Mo~cow Conf ✓ renc e was held this day ~ In the evening Generalissimo Stalin was host in the Kreml n tc the Ministers and their Deputies. The meal was fairly simple and following same a movie was shown . • ( MOSCOW - VIENNA - 26 APRIL 1947 - General Clark, accompanied by Mrs o Clerk and Ann, left the l-fo~kva Hotel et 0900 hours e.nd drove 35 miles to the airport where they board~d the B-17 for flight to Yienna . Also aboard wer Colonel Oxx , Mr . Ms.rget Mr . Nat i rbov and the Misses Killgore and Davis • . The plan toolt off at 1000 hours ~ Due to a high wind it was necessary to fly at 14 , 500 f~et . and even at this altitude the plane was bounced about o At 1230 hours the plane landed at Warsaw, Poland, where the G neral and his party were met by the American Charge d'Affe,ires, a delegation of Polish dignitaries and other Americens stationed in Poland e A fleet of automobiles wa.s waiting and the group was d.riven to the home of th ~ merican Charge d' Aff a ires for drinks . The American Ambass dorehip was va.cant - Arthur Bliss Lane having resigned in ord.er to return to the USA and speak as a private citiz~n against Soviet t~ctics in Poland . Following cocktails , a luncheon was held in the restaurant of the lead- . ing hotel , most of which had been bombed to rubble o The :rarty was then given a tour of the city before departing for Vienna at 1530 hours. Warsaw appeared to be the most completely de~troyed city in Europ Blocks and blocks es far as the eye could see, were com:Plf,t dy leveled, particularly that section that the Nazis had turned into a Ghetto, and then systematically destroyedt taking 400 , 000 lives~ It was an unanswered question , trying to imagine where the surviving inhabitants lived. However, in spite of all this, the Poles compared to the Muscovites , who had seen littl bombing ) were al rt , cl an and happylooking. Continuing the flight to Vienna, General Clark and party landed at Tulln Airport at 1900 hours where the General ' s private train awaited his arrival. As· usua.1 a group of Austrians stood about to see the General as he boarded the train . At 1930 hours the train pulled into FrP.nz Josef Bahnhof where a group of a-oproximatel y 150 persons was on hand to gr t the General 8 s return. After talking with the pr~ss being photographed and greeting fellow \<Jorkers and friends , General Cla.rk departed by car for his villa where he remained the rest of the evening. * • • VIENMA - 27 thru 30 APRIL 1947 - General Cle..rk prepared for his departu.r to the States , via Italy, end wound up his business affairs as Commanding General of U. S. Forces in Austria and RS High Commissioner on the Allied Council • • * �,. _,.../4 ~ ~ .9.J-1,--~ V .,.._,,-..-r1 J ;J ? 1r ~ ~ ,,,,,,, J).,, I .J- w ~ C, , ~(, -~ C ~, ✓ J -1--~· ti ~ . - .9f ( t: y tr-J1) -~ V e, J j-Y'- If.;t __ ,. . .,~ if' ...--7 / ~~ -,yv-,-1 r .- ~-~.A/ti._., ' �3l VIENNA - l MAY 1947 - Toda y bing General Clark 0 s birthday, an Army Bandarrived Rt his villa at 0800 hours to play happy birthday and other selections for the General. The General remained busy throughout the day and a t 1730 hours a cocktail party w~s held at his villa followed by a buffet supper. VIENNA - 2 MAY 1947 ~ General Clark left his villa at 0915 hours and drove to the Chancellory to call on Pr sident Renner 9 H~re off icial farewell courtesies were exchanged. From 1100 to 1200 hours the General attended an official gathering at the University of Vienna where he received the honorary degre of Doctor of Political Science. In the evening at 2000 hours, Chancellor Leopold Figl held an official dinner at the Chancellory for the General. VIENNA - 3 MAY 1947 - The General worked at his villa in the morning until 1045 hours when he left to drive to Votiv Kirche where a review with presentation of decorations was held at 1100 hours . At 1200 hours th~ General returned to his villa where he held his final press conference in Vienna. At 1300 hours he had lunch at hi.s villa with Mrs. Clark and Ann At 1500 hours in company with General Keyes the General paid a final visit to Clam Gallas Rd Cross Club and 110th State Hospital . At 1930 hours a small dinner was held at the Hotel Brietol for close friend_s, following which the General returned to his villa for the night. VIENNA, LINZ, WELS SALZBUBf~ a 4 MAY 1947 - General Clark Mrs. Clark Ann, General Keyes end Ch2ncellor1i:eft the villa at 0800 hours for Franz Josef Bahnhof. At the statit:n. was a Guard of Honor. The Genere.1 1 s private train left at 0830 hours Aboard the train, in addition to the Clark fami l y and General Keyee (who would leave the grou~ at Salzburg) were Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan, Lt . Sid Lundgren (acting as ADC) and Mr. Okamoto (photographer) . The train arrived at Linz at 1315 hours where General Collins and Haynes were awaiting the General with a guard of honor. The General was escorted to the Burgermeister's office where he was decorated Here General Clark made a short speech explaining to the Austrians the reasons for the treaty failure in Moscow A luncheon was held at Oeneral Haynes 8 villa following which the party again boarded the train at 1530 hours, accompanied by General Collins, and proceeded to W ls, arriving arp ro ximately 1600 hours, where a similar ceremony was held. At 1615 hours the train left Wels, stopping a.t Vocklabruck at which station " General Clark made an address. At 1720 hours the train left Vocklabruck and proceeded to Salzburg, arriving there at 1820. General Clark and his family and General Keyes went to the resi~ence of General Collins for the night. SALZBURG - 5 MAY 1947 - The official party made e.n inspection of a.11 activities in the Zone Area and Gell'ral Keyes was introduced by General Clark to all Commanders in the same manner as he had been presented to the Austrians. Dinner that night was at General Collins' residence An official reception was held by the Burgermei ster of Salzburg in honor of Genere,l Clark and at 2200 hours th General and his party went to the station to board the train for departur to Italy. The farewell ceremonies at the station were moP.t impressive . Hundreds of people were gathered there, as they had been in other pla,c es, and ther was a genuine sense of regret expressed at the General's relinquishment of his command and his departure for the USA. �,, ~ · o-/ ~ a-.--v- ( ( ~ o---e - ..) .( I cs1 ~ ~ ---· -·---' ~~-~~- 7..4..,d fb-y-Q , '1 /S!CVA-J e. U, /2 ~ ""j U, ? ? 1 < jr) ,A-( ?- ---2-• t-.:. d-,.. 1 /t. rt2 . -- �VERONA, TRIESTE, ITALY - 6 MAY 1947 - Generel Clerk and party arrived in Verona about 0900 hours From there they went to Cirminone on l ,ake Garda where the General showed his family his Command Post which he had during the war. This took about t . ree hours and at ·1200 hours the group left fo ~· Trieste arriving 1800 hours The party was met by Major General Bryant Moore . A reception was held at the Palace of the fonner Maximilian of Mexico and to this affair all Alli d leaders were invited , including the Major General commanding the British Forces . TRIESTE, ITALY - 7 MAY 1947 - General Cl".rk and party remained in Trieste where th~ General inspected American activities in the Trieste Area and review d the American and British troops in the local garrison • • TRIESTE, ITALY - 8 MAY 1947 - The morning wai.:. spent about Headquarters and et 1430 hours, General Clark and party now joined by Bill , left Trieste by automobile for Venic, arriving at the Danieli Hotel at 1900 hours . . VENICE ITALY around Venice - 9 & 10 MAY 1947 - These days were spent sightseeing in and - • FU)R:EclCE, ITALY - 11 MAY 1947 - Early this morning G~neral Clark and party left Venice for Florence , being met by Verona by Lt . General J . C. H. Lee . Arriving in Florence the General made several visits of courtesy and left that evening by private train for Rome . This day Captain and Mrs . Bogers and Miss Davis, who had flown from Vienna in the General us B-17 to Pise., d.rove to Florence to see the General ROME, ITALY - 12 MAY 1947 - General Clatk a.nd pe.rty a.board the private train arrived in Rome early in the morning . They were received by the Pope in private audience lasting about forty minutes . In the afternoon they viewed a very interesting horseshow and at 2100 hrurs left by train for Viareggio • • * • VIAREGGIO , ITALY - 13 MAY 1947 - General Clark and party s.rrived early in the morning and rested throughout the day. In the evening, General Lee was host ate large dinner dance in honor of the Genere l and his party at the Officers ' Rest Hotel. • • VIAREGGIO, ITALY - 14 MAY 1947 - General Clark and party remained here resting • • • VIAREGq-IO - PARIS, FRANCE - 15 MAY 1947 - This morning General Clark and party d parted Viar~ggio and drove by c r to Pisa. Here Bill Clark left the party and went on to Udi nei returntng to his post in Triest. At Pisa they met Lt. Colonel Howard Moore , who was waiting with the Gen~ral 1 s B-17, and the group flew to Cannes, Frence where the local Commander had a luncheon prepared. At Cannes, automooiles and guides were provided the Gener l's party for a tour of the �...._ \ \L �33 Riviera 1 including Monte Carlo. Later that evening they went up the valley of the Rhone, arriving in Paris about 1800 hours where they were met by the Military Attache, General Tate. They were quartered in the G~orge Cinq Hotel. ImmediB.tely upon arrival the group went to the American Embaesy where Ambassador Caffrey had a cocktail party in General Clark 0 s honor. PARIS, FP.ANCE - 16 MAY 1947 - This day was spent sightseeing in Paris. In the evening General Clark and party had dinner with the Deverckshays, and went to the Folies Bergere. ARIS - BOUIDGNE, FRANCE - 17 MAY 1947 - This morning General Clark and party ~eparted Paris on the boat train. arriving Boulogne about 2030 hours. They went aboard the SS AMERICA which sailed that night. The group aboard included General and Mrs. Clark, Ann, Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan ABOA..TID SS AMERICA ENROUTE TO USA - 18, 19 ,20,21,22 ,23 MAY 1947 - General Clark and party spend a de;ighUul time aboard the AMERICA. The. y arrived New York City at 1500 hours 3 May The collector of CU.Rtoms was most courteous and expedited their pas ge through his domain~ The group then went to the Hotel Astor where they woul - sta.y during their so journ in New York. Here they were m~t by Major Iuther, who had flown in from San Francisco, and by the General 9 s mother, who had come in from Washington. After having dinner in his suite, General and Mrs. Clark, Mrs. C. C. Clark, Ann, Colon~l and Mrs. Sullivan and Major Iuther attended Ella Logan's new play 11 Finian 1 s Rainbow" and later th~y went to the Stork Club after which they returned to the Astor. NEW YORK CITY - 24 MAY 1947 - General Clark remained at the hot 1 throughout the morning end lat r saw a repr s n tat iv from the\ Sh 11 Oil program "W th P o le1 who interv ewed th General in preparation for e. speech to be giv n tomorrow night on that programe In the afternoon General and Mrs. Clark w~nt shopping and returned to the hotel just before dinner. In th evening General and Mrs. Clark had dinner at th@ Hofbrau with General Saltzman., • NE'w YOBK CITY - 25 Yi.AY 1947 • General Clark spent the entir morning revising his spe,ch for the radio broadcast this ev~ning. The script that was to have been presented him did not meet with his approval and many changes had to be made. In th afternoon the General dictat d the final form a,nd at 1700 hours went to the broadcasting company's theater where he was to have a dry run of the bro,4iicast. Here he found that many of his most potent rema.rks had been struck from the script. He immediately went into a heated discussion with the executives of the program in orderto determine just what th~ situation was. The final results were that General Clark had his remarks added to th script for broadcast as it was originally writt n by him the one remark being eliminated being that r ferring to the Soviets s~·zure of the Austrian oil. General Clark a.greed to this since it was a Shell Oil program. After the brosdcast Generf!.l Clark return~d to the hot 1 where he had dinner with his family. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - May 25, 1947 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1 - May 25, 1947. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1678 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/6b8209d3e75dd83037250ca7ccd8c173.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=KD1JtxPhBxLCxjF2GVwYGzyF95XYukNM33dBfk8rQb1ki7v3tAG%7E%7E-GondCfOYqJehPHHHc1h8RuYr0EqzZ2%7EpY78w4WXfnwN1Emp6QilalVjNu9-MskMvwt0Glvt9BWDqV%7Exa3Slfo8jt%7EGBvT2%7EnDbyEaD3CJcmPW3wVvet-bh4hzoli7-hpKqevW22MxSR46S3ANsZ5vHEJfOaQapGRe8rjE-4RStGtXDGcFWDIhn5dip7eOZ-eZ6%7EiNc6VDv8%7E-2xShm1OzDGerV-SB-0sZ0BTUT89ykH26vopc05CBWtkZfY0UguYQNM7QQnqfQ3yOt%7EWZgzX3eatbm3mDMqg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e471d6d541fdedebba7141f82204a9ce PDF Text Text 50 post of Generi=tl Lucas . General Clri:'.'k conferr9d with the VI Corps ConnP.nder Pnd ~rged upon him the necessity of .sn ir,1mediate attP ck which he fixed for Sux1dny morning. He pointed out to Gc:merrl Lucas the fPct thPt full ridv2ntage of the landing could only be tAken by bold Pnrl aggres"1ive action,ay,rl thPt delAy now •rould only perr'lit the enemy to build up forces orrosite the Fifth Army amphibious force . 0 Following this conference GenerPl Clr,r1c re-ernbPrkAd rnrl returned to the Volturno mout h, transferrinsi; to storn boat and crir successively Hnd reaching h·is comnHnct post ~,et from sprry anc1 waves v1hich he.d been shipped in the storm boats . Today the N 1 v;cmce party for Gen0rn 1 012 rk I s personal section at the TP c tical GP a.t the new beachhead was embarked . This consisted of Sgt . Don, CpL Shusteric and Cpl. Yermolovich, with the General I s jeep, on MP ;jeep, a second living van and the radio jeep with two operators . S MP 1 s were also taken along as a personal guard for the Gener81. This p8rty accompanied a group of officers and men selected frol'1 each section in the 1-TeadquJJrters necessary to the operPtion of a small Tecticn,l Conmnnd Fost . GenerPl Clrrk plA.ns to divide his time between the regular command po,;t end the be2 chhead comwnd post. At General Clark ' s direction ris conmancJ rost ras moved todriy from the palace gro1Jnds at Caserta to n hillside Just south of Presenzano-., The r,1oving W,9S done in the absence of GenerPl Cl'="rl~ on his trip to Anz:i.o , a,1;d was largely completed by the time he returnecl . I 'T'he following important messRges were received anr1 dispatched today: For Lucas fron Gruenther . RN 2005 . "CIFC, T'!F'.D believes coordination be tween Arm.~r and 1\dmiral 10,n·y not close enough . :sspeciall;f as regerds 2bility to receive shiDping . See Lowry and 8dVise . u From Lucas to Clark. RN 72 . 11 Recent inform<>tion incHc~tes 45th Division enroute . In accordance with my messe,ge 60 , will start corps attack tomorrow . 11 From Lucas to Gruenther . rJRN . "Armored counterettack force from 1st Arrnorecl Division now available . Consists of 2 br.ttali.ons tanks , one bPtt a l ion of 0rtlllery, one battnlion of infrintry. 11 Gener2l Clrrk today received a short note from General VJilson , Comrr;:,nrier-inChief, Allied Force Heec3']unrters , thanking him for his many courtesies during the latter's visit to Fifth Army Headqurrters rnd extending his best wishes for the present campaign. * * * FRBSE 1,TZANO--JA11JUARY 29, l 9M.1---Today General ClArk re!"la ined Pt his command post except for a short trip by jeep to hnve a discussion with GenerPl Welker, Cof'ln°nd.ing the 36th Division , concerning the pror;ress of that oj vision in its rittack. l\.t 1130 General Devers rrrived, conferred 11dth Gener11l Clark Abont t}'ie org1rnization of the ~rnerican forces in the theater Pnd about the rro1sress beiri.c; nr->.de in planning for /\. 'f\iIL rmd OVV:RLOR.D . Throughout the day the General received f'reqmmt r1 essar;es concernin~ the �.:) \ situation on the VI Corps -"'ront . In the pf'ternoon Gen0ral Clrr1 r r!et<Jrnineo th~t h':l "0" 1 ld go in the 1'1orninp; b7 plane or y lT bof"t to the Anzi.o front i_n order to 1'1A.ke sure thnt P grePt effort to push +>or,vard "es b0inr: r.arl.e by the VI Corrs . As the lrnding strip a.t Anzio wris reporterl unf1V, j_lrble , tre Gener~l deter,.,.,irv':lc to ~o by fT bort Pnd al9rted the ti"o era t sta•1dj n~ 'ri:r at Ic-;ch:i n. to be rePr'y for a trip the fol l o !'1; nr: day . DurinCl' the n;r-r-t , a st;:,ff o+>:::'icAr froT"l tb, II Corrs brought :in P mcssag8 to Gen8rnl Clnrk thn.t the 1rc" Alrreri i:in Di vision 1° 0. ,,..8., ched P roint cc 1 s~_der P bly in ar1 wince of' tln 14th D"vision on ·:its 18ft And thnt the Algeri"'n Division hrid this uncovP-red its le.,..t flnnk . It '7ould ½e nn.,bl to hold thPt position unless th0 3/_th ::-i:tvision vras rble to "dv•1 nce to r correspoYJ.ding eYte 11t. Thj_s SR."1':l 'n.f'ormr-ition had ril-ren.ry, hour0ver , hAen rn.ssed on to tb.e Arny G-3. 1 0 0 To remove th-i R thrent to t, e left fl1:nk of' tlie 3rd Alrseri, n flivision , the 1/}?nd Roginentn 1 Corr bn t 'l'ean is orrlered to r~ove "'ronnrl the b- ck of the 34th Division , pass ow~r the RP"Y"Jjrlo Bt the French br-id'"ere:=id rmr'I tPke ur 8 rosition to nrotect tl·e left flar 1~ o.,. ➔;he 17rench Pnc" fill ~n the rossjblv d.8n15erous W'P bet ,,.,een the 3rd P lp;8rir>n ;,.-,,c" t}'c, 34th 1 ivisions . BecPuse o:.' the concentration of' t r oops in f ront of Cnsaino , the l4?nd cl'ln be spi.red to alli=ivir,te tl--iis thrert and also give g-.ceater rmnchi.n1r ro,nr 011 tr8 drive towPrd Cairo 1:nd Vaunt Corna . Th9 follovrin½ if"rortant r1 essaP-es vere receivod P11d r'isp1 tched today: I'ersonPl to Clar1-c +>ron Lucas . R.J R5 . 11 All r.vnilrble L..;T 1 s unloPded by lf:~00 . Exrcict othFJr 9rrivP1s .r.-roT'l ·rarles br 0 ?00 . )T'lendid. resiilts i.n nnlo:or'ing are c'ne to nArfect c0orc'H m"tion bet·veen Army :1110 !Ta·ry. I p3rsonn lly con "'erred "'it,h Lowry v0sterdr, , and ·re £'re :!n troro 1g' nccord on R.11 c- 1,ir:;-ing detrils . F~v·1l str--"'+> .<>11d my rerrese11tati.ves nre in .,nti,.,,8.te rJaily contrct n."lcl 10r7, in close hr>rrnony 1111d close coor0ration nt '111 tir1es . 11 Pers0·111.l to L11c1>.s f'ror1 Clnrk . R'' 59ES . 11 lhve t·,m jPers f'nrl nn offjc9r mlic'1 e rnet lt-A'1Arn 1 Dev8rs r, nd Ge11ern 1 F.;,:,ker R nc" t ·ro ot:b =:r offic9rs r> t LCT A.lonps ide ½ertr in port of Anzio m~oo hours Sundriy, 30 J9nu~ry • 11 1 }ersorn~l to ~1""rk -f'rorq Lucas . nr>y . 11 ,;P,rithP.r clenr . Sef"> cr,lm. Lerdjng elements !+5th Divis'i_o~ (le3s 1'7qth Tn-"rintr,) st9rtin°, to debnr1· . Good proi:;ress in unlondh1G buU· carP·o -rrom Lib8rties duri11(1' ni~ht . ::neJ11y 9ir ti-ds !'"lor11iYlg fail8d to dam., n-e Dort . 11 Perso11Al. to Clflrk fron Lucas . R r 05 . 11 In furtr0r0nce of Corns coordinrted attn ck, 30 ,Janunr:r , O"'e aivision nttPc cs tonif~:bt to secure line of Ro"1e - Ci sternr, r11ilroad so ::i.s to n'ain roan fo:r f\9ssnr;e of Armor . ,ituntion bein~ developed on the 11est flPn 1<:: . TTarmon in:ttfotes pctjv., r~cmmnissance tHs rfternooYl north,,est of Gorrocr-ita 8601'30 . /ill rro all m t toF>o,,..rov or nt nnce j f co 1di·~io·'ls warr<Jnt . 11 1 1 fer.sonr,l to ,1cA.s "ro~ Clnrk . 'JR' . 11 Ho,e yo,1 "l0re ::-ble to jni.tirite n.r,gressive r>ct~on by 1st 11nd 1rd Divic:ions rursur-i'"t to my ·'"""'+;ructions esterr'!ny. Reports from ~rou i. 1dicrite li.ttl8 nr no rrlv!lnce . Adv'i,"'0 . "il1 see you tnmorrmr . ~T lr-iter . 11 1 �5J Jer'1onp l f'rori Lucas to Cl rk. -i:p qa . r lease 1~ef Pr my 0 5. 11 HAp;~0sc;iV9 Pction Plre11d initinted . Re f,=n •9nce yo'J.r 577 , ferso'1al f'ron Luc'l.S to ClPrlr . R'T 101. 11 2L, L~T ' s 1J.11loP.'1ed this dnte . I1Tr,v-_r re-rorts these :,re the onl y "hi_ns of' th.is t .mo in the An z i.o aren . Im-r9r2tive tl,rt the remrind.er Li.Sth Div'si~11 2nd oth9r rPrrin~ni'lP' Co"'b t troors be '"or»rrded ,Jithout r1 el.?y . Request th t ou -rush sbjf""' 0 nts -"ro,., 1 Tarln.s RTA" ,·hile ..,e, th'3r ,nd sea cnncl ~t io11.s renPin f'rivorr½le . 11 0 Ge>1rm'< l Four-e , CoT"mrndi.ria the I.II Air Support Co"""'Pnd , clisratched th3 f'ollm" :inr. cPl) 1_e to th.e Cor:..,,,, ndinn; r--"ficer , '7Qth '}roun , P'1d '1ent 0 cor,y to Grm0rPl ClArlr . 11 }leRRe co11.vey to Co~..,11.11.d ~nP" r·"f'_•cer , 9Crth Sf.lnrdron , 1--iis ilots 11"" mechrirics tr e /ln z io ~re., . Srlondid . K0ep ~ac1-i en9n, r rlrn~ sbot rin'-:-n '1f88 's the reirrf'orcerP>1t rnd ridvn.nce o" the mv conc;:r11tu1°ti_ons -f'or r,-,sul ts obtr i.ni:ic1 OV/"3l" shoot~n~ . Fifth Prry. 11 Tod.ay, i'1 rec1ronse to Fl CF1 1,l8 f'ro 111 Lt . Gen . Frrr1 :::ry•, Chief of Jtnff of tre All ied Cent ral ~edit8rrD110A.n ""'orces , G,..,'1'=Jr."1 Clr-rlr c,ent ' 1 long lettAr to Generr,l !\.le:,rnnc'ler in whi.ch 1'8 descri'bec! tlie -nifth ~r,,,,~r C'iturtion 011 n.11 f'roritri , the Pnemy situr>ti.o::i , Fi+'t h ! r ny nlnns "':or tl e f'11ture , rrobrble 3nemy int".mtio'"'3 Pnd his .,..ecomrn9ndnti.ons . * * * r 1P.'31~ T'3ll. ·JO- - TA. TTT!\.P_Y JO , 1 "4l. --~" rly in t}-,e ,..,ornirw , rs soon "S flyi11.r; WPS ,~ossil-le , Ge-nerP 1 Clr>rk sent Lt. Co l. Suth,~rlrnd by cub rl."ne ~o fhd. out tr e st:-te of the sr-,2 flt t',e r 0·1th of the Volt11rno , in or der to decide 'Jhetb3r wa'b:>r1r,,tion T:-os ros S"hle i.'1 stor;;, boPts . Tr•is report beinr; "avorRble , th8 G"'terMl rnr1ioed his t"ro T,,., 1s to '":,..,et hi.m o-F'f tJ,e T"outr o:' th," ri V9r Mt l? o I cloc 1 noon . At 0900 th0r0. :,r { ri ved V!> ior G "1.,:irfll Slo0n , Co"''nnnc'Jar o+> tJ-,9 B8th Division no"T in 'forth Afrjcp , "nd P.ric;,,.,ciier Ger.9r;:,l Kurtz (}-,j_.-, rrtillery cor-~rnr1er) . The Q,9nerql riscu-=-sed t ese o<'fic,-,rs V"'r i o' JS 1 1 nstj 0'13 co'1c8r11~ n.c; t e .>3,'th Dj vision ond jts co"'cH tion "\'T i t rGsr8 ct to e'7lr7oV'"'J.e'1t . At noo tr0 G-fm8rF1 le£'t J-ijs cnrw1."'11d rost '),r cub p l P.11.e ::i11.c" +>J.,= to r. s t Al Volt urno , ,-,}i9re he 1~nd8il. 011 . ., roFd tnct ·ms riGt by ri C"'r n find trilrrm to tl-ie r~V'3r '~i.il.e . ' TerP , r,.9~0rMl Rr"nr , r t. ~ol . Sutr9rl..,nd , r:r . ,er>cb , Sp;t s . 'I'½o'"'9" , Cb...,ney and Tfolden hr>cl "lI'9'lrl.' Mrrivor-1 •inc" ·r0re JT9rr·red to e"bqrl: . ':'he :rnrtv "e-i.t cfo=n to the :ci.ver mouth -in stor·, ho!>ts rncl T~et the I'l' 1 s Rt l "05 . 1 '"'jt},) 0 0 GenAra1 Cl:or1i: "'rriYPd ;-,t ,hzi_o Pt 1515 n.nrl Pt once weYJ.t to th,-, new }'j+'tr l1r,-.,_y 4.dvnnce Co111~ .,y'J rost , '-jc1 h:-id beGn 1ricl out th9 rrececti..n,:,; n-"t9rnoo-i. flnd in the \ 8"'rl~· -rqrt of tod1.·r i.n A. p-i:r9 ,..,,.ove. 7'1 t e rrrc1i.rd, of' t,l--o r...,1PC'3 of Jrince Bo_rP'hese ' ju ,t nortr. of Tett, 1 no . .;-Pn°r 1 r:1r-,-,l• rt 0nce '9''t to vj -;j_t Vt Corrs ·1.nd ti,en the 1st frmorer'l T:ivi.sion . •·e f'onrd t},o orro"'~tio,.., +o tr0 VI Corrs st,~oni:-rer -tl-1 an , '1d hren ~nrJic·ted ,,v ti.,,A re'"'ort~ se11t +,o . :::-osenznnc , ncd r0. f'lso fo'u1_,_ th['t tJ,13 z""•~l'1"'1 1)u-i lrl-up liad not Ci rii. 11i 3},9rl t118 .,..orC8S OTTO' ., r '": the Fi {'tr ArrriY OP the Cn.ssino {'rant ['S 1 .,~ been hope , rs thP ~e~M..., n -"orcos orr0~i"a tl-ie he:ocrhe,.,d rere lrr~el~.r -"rr~ ,..,·~or~ elsff·l--i rn . 0 0 Generrl CJ.n,~', rirnCTt"'C1 C,,hle '!°Cl0 to +,;1 e F'ift JrMV r,~ ,.:tirecVrvr 4:,h.-,t f' ""8(~1. cr 1 of'f'j C P,' ~ nitb '11.l.i'l'.';rJ"'nt nnc1 h0lr be ,e11t +,o ti10 AdV..,'1C'3 ':I 1~y .,..irst "Vr il" le tr'"'.11srort rtion . 0 �53 Cable J1006 +>roT"' Fiftt Ar-m..y CJ to CG, VI Corl s not·i f'i<>c< rll c0,.,c9r110. t'1rt the 16Sth Br'1e Gro,1.r ·ri lJ i:1ov9 to ST"C'rI.I', "''1'1 corie under co,.,,rrv:ind r/' VI C0rrs rrovisjo'1ally 011 the rii17ht 1/2 .,.,Phru~r:r. A s;-1,,,ll "nrnce :r"-rty, ~ncl1 J.di11g the Bri gacle Cor1N1'1d0r, "l.rri ves S":::Hr,.L]~ 1 r~ 31 Jan1 1Pr7. G9nArA l C:!.rirk 1 s o f' Pl. notes -"'nr toda;v "'ollow: go: ' All i_,1+>or:"'~tion ~ncic<>t0c t'-,~t tb, c,ne,..,,., is hivjnf-: ci•rr~c,11ty -ln P'"1senbli.ng forces 0'1 "'ront of' 71 Corrs. r,:;-,·c con'>~ rl0rs it o.o v~ tr 1 ·i m:•ort· nee to t'l 1~e eve,..,, Pdv-=:intr ":9 o"" tl-~ s f~ct by pres1i11r, 011r 11rlw·nce •·dth th9 utmost enerr;;7 so r,s to estroy tl e rmeri;v forcc_;s in c'letPil "'S t"l'\'l rrrive in t e 1).qttlA r-irea nnd to r.reve11.t :r---~n1 "'ro1'"1J. hold:inC' ur our r-tt11C 1'S vrith cor:irer~t:ively ,renk f'orces behinr1 Hl icb he c~n co11ceritrrt9 +>or E' r!'ljor cou'1t9r "'ttack. 1 Tith thn, rosp')ct o"' th8 b::iJ.ance of /1,5 Div . Rrrivi.nP' in the bridg9heaii sbortly, r,:;:nc C()l'nicJ.9rs sorie .,,.isks c::,n 1 trik9'7 [ r-d re s11f"F;ests thrt r.Jll ef'forts srould now be ur.::-ently Je c011centrnted on +'ull seal:: cror--:i1111-l:.ed Pttrc 1rs to cPrture C1..,Tffi'IA a"YJ.d CA~TOL ~Ql-r<; -rollo-red hy A. rpr-id nc'v"nce o'1 V"'LLSTRI. CI'TC nuld liYe G9nerrl Clrirk 1 s PpfrAciA.tion on rres8nt situ~tio11. c,·rc is c~ncArned Pt l"'.C1' o.t> up-to-c'lt:1te in+'or~~tion fron th9 hPttl9 nren esrec~::illy in r9g~r0 to tre stren1th and nrture of tre o-r:rosi.tion "nrt th9 5q,ressio11.s ,,,nr:i rlPns of Cof'1m9nder VI Cor's 'Vithout wrich ~t js dif .. ic 1lt to dfrn,ct and rlr11 o:;erPtions c'1 the r~st of the f'ro11t or to ensm~o the T'1ost ef'fective use of th.e sir f'r,rces PV'.li.lflble to surrort tre oper1.t10:1"' . 1 0 1 11 T 1 1. repliAd ['S +>oJ.10•7s: .,.,,"· f''Y '1'.I'R'.."TG';'H Al'ZIO rECT'I' . En9r•y f'orces ~n the ANZ 7 0 D.reA. Are e1 11-iw·lent to 3-rlus riivi~ior<' ,·,i..th c>bout 175 knvs . Tt is esti'11Atec1 tr"t the enemy c"n incr2~se tris "'crce by r,p:rroxinrtely thr'":e :>ck!itio'1,"'1 cliv·1 sio1.s ry 5 rebruPry. 1st Tn+'r,.:ritr,r :8iv:ision (Dr) 1rd Jn+>R.ntr~r :Division 1 Rc.nr8r 7311.s rlus SC' 0 th J'rcht Bn. 5C'/¥th Ircht ReO'irvmt 1st Armored Division (less CoTT1½nt Co1'11['ncl 170th RCT 11 B") _"b . n.y 1800 bours, 30 ,Tam1r>ry it is expected thrt ½r lnnce of 4 5th Division ,,,~11 1-iflve l0nded . VI Corr<' nill have 1t thnt tiriP the 0quiwi.lent of alr:'O ;t 11- <liv 4 sions, •·rith Pl•rroxiro'ltely ?L1-r, tnnks (150 tCJ.n 1rs ''ith 1st .'\rmored ;)ivision) . Six divisions. ('£' these all but 0118, i:,he 71st Division , CFr.. be ex- �pected to hPVP .§. . o 1"10r9 thn11 t\· o-t i_rrl c; "'tre-1.clh • TI Corns : 3/4-th Division. (short l/-1,00 in°">ntry) ,~th Division (short 3~00 inf',ntry;? regts . 141st bPdly C 1.t ur) Comb:o t Co,..,rriand "B" R11d 143rd 3rd DIA (short lC1CO in-f'pntr:r) ?.rid nn~ (short ?000 ..: nf'r -ritry) 5 Division (short 1700 i11f'nntr7) 1()()0 in-f'"ntry) 56 l1i vision (short 11.00 in:"i'ntry) "3rd Ar 1o'~ed Bri o;ade /1-f) Division (short f. "nd \Je ' Zealrmd Di visio-ri (ACFF Reserve) . ~ • .hile th9re rre flrrroxiy,,ntely ~-1/2 All -i 8d division.s orro;:}ing six e119ni;,r nivisions on +1-,..: s .,.ront , t},e AJ.li9c'I Ji ,,i_sio"ls }irve lo'"'t c011-:;:i.derPble of t 1 r:ir effectivoness beCP.llS8 o+' s'l.ort..., r,es in erso"lne 1 <1 nd b9c1,1 re of th8 long ; 0riocl of c~nti.nuous henv:~ -f'i,-.htj n~ . All inrlicPtio11s ojn.t to tre enerw 1 s .lrn to bold RC- rit "11 costs . The orip;innl est..; •·ate th,.,t h9 ·1culd weah:,11 tr,9 GAR!GLI.A 1-ro-rtAl WO front to meet the a"'lphibious lrnd..; YJP' , to ~-n 9xtent ,·,hic1-, "1r01·ld n0r,..,it t 11e n.c1vnnce o +,re t"i +'th ArrY to t 8 FR(" r•0nP A.re~ , lr 3 not y9t m"'tP''in liz9d . :rrn:rber>d , the -:me1 1w '~as dee~ c P-C1 to li.olrl t1'e G~F ,-GJ ,- no-R '\} Iff .,..ront ( s; v dj vi ,:dons) end rt the sam9 V ··e h.9 l'P- 3 rei nforc9d th9 r JZIO 1:1ren b7 ..,.- thdrn V"' ls ""ron the GAP.IGLIAIJOR } T'" a 11d U:irrhth P.rriy f'ron.ts, nnd 1:Jy r""inforc0-rmts "'rom th9 north . There h"'s bee11 nn 1in1.v0idPble delf-l~T in "'ttrc1d1'1"; the COLLI-L~ZI!\LI +'Aature C"11Sed bunf'p.vorahle we..,th'"'r rrich res,1lted in a dele;r in thA I Corrq build-up . 1 ) , ( VI Gor-ris Pttac1·s 30 ,fanunrv to c,spture 7 1~LL~rn11:-~LBfl ro-"'R/1,,;CATI. The '3rd Tnf"'ntr • Divisi.on ·,iJ.1. centure CI T~RJII/1 anr then r:idvrnce on V 'LL•;TRI. 1'1t Ir1+>r1ntry Div' sion (Br) · ill cnrture birrh ri;ronnc' 301,tJ:-,,rest o-f' GT~·rzA O nncl then ndv..,nce to ALB~~H() . 1st r.,.ored Div:i s..;_on (less Cor1br-t Comro..,nd nBtt) will ,..,.,_ss thrornrn t1'9 1st n.,.r-i_ntry Division a"ter it hrs cnrt,1r9d CAI'EOLT~O-IB r,nd vill c·,:ecute r, fl,,,nking '70V9n9nt to t1,e left of 1st Division r+,tnckino; FR!\.JC''T'J .,.ro11 the ·rest . Reqm'lsts h;:ive b?en ·mbrnitted +'or n.11 "'Vf':: Ir.bl'.) air rA"'ources 1 , �to support this att:,,ck . The "'rench Bxpedi tionrr;r Corps, 168th RCT and 142nrl RCT Pt tacked early tod8y (?9 Januflry) to cnpture tJ1e high ground north of CASSINO . fresent inclicritions 2.re thr,t the att1rnk is encountering strong resistAnce . 10 Cor:rs attac1r is in progress to extF>nd its bridgehead over tl~e lower GIIRIGLIAT'JO River and to advance north in the direction t,TJS0 1nA - .S. GIORGIA . Combat CoVir and 11 B11 is in II Corps reserve 8VAilr1 hle to cross the R/IIIDO River RS soon as the enemy position at CASSIT1TO is outf'lanked . 0 17 . C01'JCLTTSI01JS. ,2.. Although a fully coordinPted Att8ck, employimr all PVail2ble armor, and all other means, will be lrnrnched on Janur-1.ry 30th b~T the VI Corps, the strength of the enerw force in the COLLI-LAZIALI B.re11 n,-,y be such thet rrogress will 'be slow . AnticipPting the Prrival of a British 13rirsRde Group in Italy, · it is planned to re:l.nforce the 1st InfAntry Di vision (Br) ni th one British Brigade Group from the 10 Corps . If practicrible logisticP lly , one RCT (US) will also be taken -"'rom the II Corps for use as VI Corps reserve . The nrrival of these groups in the 1-:iridgehe;:id will bring the VI Corps to the maximum strength th2t can be maintained . ]2 . If the enemy is able to bring j n suffj_cient reinforcenents to rre verit the VI Corps from securing its objective, it 7il1 p:rob,::;bly be necessary to assum8 the r'efensive in the Ai,TZIO area until fl hrei:fr-trrough c:cin be effected on the GAR.:"CrLil\.FO-F~/\J IDO front . A rl.efensive line of r>ction would be indicated unless means are found to T'laintain r> lRrger force in the A~;zro area . 1 £ · The attack tc secure tbe J1igh ground north of Cl\<'.:'.'3INO njll rrobPbly req1 lire all availab19 -"'orces in the II Corrs and French Corps, with the exception of Corih"lt Connand "Bn Pnd weak elenents of the 36th Division . There •-rill be no sni table unit remrdning for furt:ber sustP ined ef'fort "Jest o.c, the RAI IDO River unless the ~nd new Zealand Division is usec1 for this :rur:rose . £1. If the ?nd 'Tew Zealand Division is used PS indicated e,boV8 H is estinnted tlint r•r1ditional troops 11:ill be needed for e:x:rloitation in the LIRI Valley and to gain contPct with the VI Corrs . ~ - The 88th In-0 antry Division "rill not be ready for conbr,t rrior to Marer, 1 , lGLi,L; • .§1 • It is r,:,conmended that the followinp; pdditional troors be rnPde able to the Commnnding General, Fif'th Arrriy , iMr,ediBtel;r: 0 vriil- (1) One British Division ·"rorn Jighth Army. 0 " rrenc h t · · · . ne ' ;1v1s1on (3) One British Brigade Group to rerlace the group to be taken fron the 10 Corps . 1 ,-., \ ?... ) ]2 . It is recomnended thPt the Bighth Army lPunch as strong an :ottAck PS �roris~ bJ.8 nt t ,3 '3r>rliest rossible clP.te in ord8r to hold trie mrizi,~um on that +'ront . 1 en8 □Y +>orce "I l8+'t +'or the Rome fro,1t wjthnut, contecti11r; Gs110r~l t.levp,1d8r i,ut J-,r,ve juc::t rFJceived word f'rom Gruenth0r to t11e effect t11...,t Alexander is tr,ri11i:i; bis best to conirl:v "it}, all o+' rw r "''1uests . 1 "I c,:ir,9 1-)•r FT bor-it to Anzio tocln7. '-1°F.d horecl to f'l;r in my C- L~7 , but due to short rrnT'TaV 011 nevr Pirfield , G8 1errils ··01re :.:inrl CP11non pc'vised "P'Pin"'t it . Tio·'"'e to bring the phne ln Tucsdr>y in order to fly br>ck. The trip here to<"ay ,ras uneventful , in P,TePt contr:ist to our hectic trip t"m 0 r.ys nl"f'o . Incide11ta1 ly, two o+> th0 five 1 1}'0 'ere \101mcled. on th· t trir <'lied of wounns . I 2!"1 cor1m1.1nic~ti nr; '1/ll'ith~ tl1A A.....,9ricr111 •·.rr;-.V"r , P-j~1i11P, ttlen the fncts in the cn..se ~.s I SPTIT theri, and StRtinR' +'ror /l lr-i:vr~r-in 1 ~ point o.C• V"erJ thrt it .ris rs '"'lagr:=>nt PD error of iu,lgrnent on th8 pirt o"' n commPncler P s I have evr-ir seen. 1 "I left th8 s0u-L}v,r:r1 frrmt i'1 " eotnte of ~ ndec' sion . It i '3 lilr0 t"o ',oxers in thA r:inr-, ½0th qbot1t to collRrse . I hrivo c01mnit,ted my lrst res9rve, r.11d I Pm s1rre tre Bocl~e hPs don-3 the srrae . I P7 o-rentlv rl 1.s1:1rroint od in Gr,nernJ Keyes ' ef'fort to coord:i.nato the ntt nck of t he 142nd C01 h.,t Ter-T11 vrith thr,t of the 3rd P.l,,.~r~"n Dhrjc;ion . For four c'ry"' no1'T, V·is rttnck ½Rs been neleved . The :'."rench ,.,re criticrl o-" the -initiritive o+' tl-ie l4?nd Co"1b'"'t TeP'1 and of the 34th Divi3ion on its sc,uth . So am I hPd intonclP.c to r9in:force success , rl"'ther th1m fn.ilure <J.nd rir, r-1 4 sarroi11ted thrit r, •1ore coord:inl."'ted Fr;:,nco-1',.r1ericr,n e "fort could not "'.fl'Te tn. 1rnn rl0ce . I vm.s rpd.te h11rsh '7 7 tb Keyes todriy P11d hope th8t H 1rill rrod11ee th8 res•ilts tl-i.Pt the Pttricl,;: "'8S rusb0d ho''le v,itb vigor toc!P..y. nr have b8en cl 4 sri-rpojnter! for several days b7 the lrc 1,;: of Pggressiveness on the rert o+' the VI Carr's, 2.lthouP"h it wo11l' h"vo >y,en VIT0"1? , 4 n .,...y opinion, .to attack to cP..r.ture 0 1 fi.nal objective oJ'l this +'ront . :::l8CO"l'1"' 1 "c'r-nce in force J.r ..,j-1:,}, tanh; slould 1-irve bee11 r:ore rio;gressivA to crrture GI ·rri,;R :Jl , nr G'\'}(LFO'~. ~l.epe::-itedly I hn.vo told Jue.rs to rush v~i:;;orously to g9t those locrl objectives . Ye hns 11ot i.11"'-lsted uron thic; rrith the Divisi.o·ri Corr-iqnflers . TTi,0 11 my arrival here -l:,oc'l"'Y, I --1As oisrp} ointed to "'~11rl th<>t nbnnt J:-,ql f o-"' our :1vribble errior o+' the lot !trJ"lored D·ivis 4 on 1 '.ld b0en cori!"·tter1 to the rrotection of the 1st Briti3h Di vj sion I s left flrn 1' . I 'I-Jone to e'·tric0te these coEnj tments in order to launch ::i. "'ull-out rrmor8rl. "'ttnck to th8 northuest f'rom CPrnpoleone to"1orrow. I v!n.s likewise distrec;sod to +'ind tb,t th8 '3rd T'ivision h':d led with tr e R"n:::;er force in jts ::ittrc1' on CI ;rn-:;n•rA . Thi, -v :=is a c"efinite error in ,jur·P'JY"ent , f0r t'he '!:?t:ngers do not hrve tre surrort '"'8"]"0"18 tr ov~rcn'"'lr; tJ--e resiGtPnC8 .;nnicrtec'!. Tlie fq_J_J_ncy of' t11i..3 co:--w•itrn,'3nt ),,:is been horne out by -1:,be 1Pc 1c of results toc1oy. I hP.Ve been ht>rsh vdth Lucns torla;", rruch to ny rei:;ret, 1---,1t in ?'1 e+'f'ort to energize him to grenter effort . 1 11 I r,_ri wr,tchinv the 1 or-;.;_<"Jtic"' l huild-ur, clo ely, 1ith thA bore tr."t r;ood •:e,-,tb,r na:r -n,,r:,~_t U'> to l"l.7 in rm oxtro stor0 o" surrlies . If I cn.n gr;t "her>d ·11t}, t•18 H"'l;ted sMprino- 11vaibble to rr.e, ·1 hor8 to bring 4 n rm f-lr"ditionPl 2t,..H:i'"P' Poree +'or .,..,eriod of ton d::1v•,, in ord0r to obtr in rlecisive results. At t}e er1r1 o+' thrit V"'lc, I cou1-d rryove it b,c,,. to +,'-Jo, otrAr front. It <>11 dep1=mds on 0 1 rr r-i."bility to ciuc;troin it v-},~le 1, 0 re . It rouc-;t be unr'erstood thrt tho port cr11acit7 h3r8 1-i_.os a def;nite cejlinP;, end ·e crn ""rintn.in 0'11,r 'lT'rrovir,,,tely "'our divis".ons . P-nv cxtn1 I im"ort for a sn{3ci~1 :,ission rmst bA wdntPinr"Jd out of surrlus store;d up dur~nr; p="riods 0 ➔1 good wer:tl:v"r. 11 a �FREs,-;,•r7,AIJO-- J:'I eITJ~'llY 31 , 1 g4L,---r:-,rly this morn-i ni:r Gc"1err J. Clrrl· .. e'lt to the 3rd Divi ion er, n):-,fo}1 is locrt8d "t Bor~o 1 "ontello on tre ror.d f'rom ·rettuno to ';isternr>. . Her8 he t8l1 red ,·fith GPn9r':l mru"'cott , Genernl fawns , Gr,n~r-il T~:--P'les :CJ,"').(1 Colo-1. 1 Dnrb ~. }fe :'.:Ol'"J.(1., to his ('lj stre'-'r,, thr>t t 10 b11ttA lions of DrrJ.:i;· 1 8 Rrngers ·:rl·ich hrrl. n+,tf'l.cl.;:ed Ci -,tern:-- vesterd:,,.y mor'1.i np; lirid been cut off an~. rnu"lt be crmsidered 8S entirely lost . Tb.e 1rd Division rerort'3cl throt it 1·ms rl()eting heav r res·:str>nce, not merely 3cntt0r~nl1' or:nosi_t~o11 . Gr·1.0r"l Clr-r1, then went to the Feadriuarters 1st .A,,.P'-0•'ed Di ric:ion 71--t-,re kl net Ge'1"'rr 1'1 Jinrrion rnd I enney. Gen'"r:il J 1cns "llso C".me to tJ, is rnreting . G0·1."r,"l I',--rron wrs rl,out to lrunch PD attPck ton11rd Str7.ione di Cai-oroleorn~ . f.f'tpr Ge'1.9rnls H"r~on ann J enn9y hf'd 11'1-ree0 betw e""1_ theriselves 0"1 certPin 1.uestio·,1S rl.eelinr:; with Generr>l µ,.,rf'on 1 s re.ssn.P"e thrru':h the l'.lri tis!l l st ,·Yvis ion, t]~':l col1.f'ert=mc"' enr1ec'l and Gen9rc- 1 Cl;:,r 1 rGt1rrn°d to >1is Corrmnnr'l Foc-t . • 0 1 0 I 1 1 1 0 Lnter in Vie r,+'ternoon G0n9rPl Clrir 1:: le'1rnnrl thrt Gen~rrl Prr~·on ½Ad ""et heavy oproc;ition ,:,11cl m['.ffT "'1nns . I'is effort wr> s U'1.S 1cc9ssful, Rncl i,., Pd withdra:rm. 1 I I "T½e situ... tion \-ii;rn ~"' -U+'fjcult . Th9 9'1.emy l'1 rolrP·'1_q bis rrP.S8'1.t f'ro:it i.n co::::rtnct n~t 11 our troo s ·":ith tre /,th Pirborne Divisi.o,... , the 1r~1 .:)ivi::;ion re~nforced r,-ir] ,. "th tre rer""rn f;.oerin:" D:ivi '4on . ':'r'1.1rs nrA A1cmint9red on all front"' . heprcl. , +'or t;e f'irst ti..,e tr~c; ,-orniyr, thrt 3rd J:iV'J..sion hr>rl em:ilo;ired -'::.wo Ranger bn.J..,talions --: n t1~0"r 2ttr,cl' r.i_.-1--,t before 7.nst on Ci-.ter'1.c . Roth o:-~ tl ese bn.ttalio:11s 'T8re "nn-:.hilated . I thin1' thP.ir pL.<>nninr; wrs frulty, altho11r,J-, Luc;cis , tru::;cott and f1r,r1Jy e.11 e~Tressf')d their op~nions t o ne thAt the plans ',.'er0 •1ell thou½ht out. To enploy li.<;ht forces in such an rttPck , in r,y orinfon , was 1msound . 3rd DiviGion attacked Ciatrirnn tJ,is ..,+'ternoon ' ithout Rir ::mp,..ort , rl.11e to brd v1en.thr:ir (Ps a1Jeged by tr·e Air Cor s) . !eather vms ,ntirely -~-vorahlo h9r9, r>nd :'.n e ,.,.,ess"W' .,..rom Gru9ntr.9r to ·e , he rerortecl m11ther cle .... r ri.t ot1·1;Jr end . f..t 190( toni,..,.it Tru,cott rnrorti'ld to ,.,.,e tl. . Pt the si.brt:i.o'1. '7f'S '"tfo':y ancl progr0ss ,...o,..t cUf'ficult PP;.' i 11,..t heavy r0sist<'nce . He told r,r:; ti,-' G morn~ '1."' t-:,...,.,,t th., +'::_O'ht-i nr: tl'e 3r :;-li vi"lion h"c1 n, 1countered ·,,,,s the -r:iost dj: .,..ic·1lt it 't d e:x:1."'91~ienced d1 1rins the rr9s,=mt wer . For tre 1rd Division to maJ·e th-is p('lr~-i ssi on ~ s i11.r'~ crtive o+> tlie rlet9rl'1in, :.ion o" the enem-r to hold . 0 1 0 Due to +.he lf't9n.8S'3 of tl10 dPte of' rttnc 1 ri]l el8rrtAl'ltS 0~ t: e 1st A.rr ored -, [' 1rl the f'n ct t',r t ·\l1ey G"1Cl"Ul1.f:.Arcc i.ne 3 in th0 I",rir o+' t ·. . ri 1st Br·• tic· h f"'v·ision, their efforts tn burst fr ::--th Pnd hrrfass the n,11.eny cid ·-iot reP.ch "'irst 0 Dj vi '3 ~ O"'.. 1::>a 3 9 • I a.ttcnrl,,rl a co11fer9rce "bcut noon i>.t 1st Ar,.,,ored D:lvision, ··,here :,ucas discuc;sed th9 situ."'tio"1 •ritl--i Ten:n--:Jy and ;·ar" en. I w.,,s 'orri"c' ever t o. enerv hu~ ld-up 011 0 1 1.r "8St "'l:i.n1• :inr1 tre odge od½9 s~tu"ti.ori in the VI Cor-::.'s on tl 5 s front . 3;;t}i ~n()'incors , rf[1r, on 1 s ~n.c>p,,rtr:~ rYJ.r1 so~·e Brit-i.sh ·rr>r3 J::olcl-i11; tre line a;<>:::"s·t, "'ti ~f resistance . T-:le'Yf'"mt--: o.t:> trc '~>5th "nrl ·n 5t½ G9rr•on '"livisi on hflve )Oen iclent:i -ri8d on t 11 :i.s ·"'ro11.t . These, with -l:,1---A Li.th f 0 rn.chute Divis::_o'1., int1.ct 0"1 t},r,t f'ro'1.t i'Y1 ic-"'te to J11e tre -r:oss:i.b~lity of a GAr,- n trrust f'':;"i.n~t tris '19Ctor. --r sucl• shoU 7 '1 occur, •;9 hrv-, li.ttlo to orrose it . Lucns jg re-ori;n~1.iz~hP' 8nd lias ,.., ,_.., cod the 157th Coribrt Te;,_m ~ n th' t , rec' . The 170th is beini:: "Ii trdr[~•m :'rorn the east f'l11nk ."nCi r,.,, 1,~c,~r'l by the 1Gth ~11C'~r1°ers. TH'3 rrill -ut the !,,5th Divjsion, l9ss 0 1e co~l-)pt ten,, i'1 Corrs reserve . 1 �11 It is ny est i , te, Pnrl I hrve "nriic· ter, to Lucn.s tJ,-,,,t ,·,hen Cistornr is reR.Ch'3d and tl'e l:1t 1riti c.ih Di vision J.:t..-,v · YJ.P: reR.cred CE1r-:ro leon8, ~nrt]r,r offensive eff'oc:t by the 'TI Corp"' is out o:f' the nivrntion -Por t'1e t2..rr0 bi=dn ,;. There r-i.~e t, 10 e-rieri.y· rlj vi .-;ions on e ·.tr "'r c;j rie cf' the road 7 ,,r c -; n~ north "'r m,, nzio . If tlLse struc 1r sir:ultn.neously t 1 1e situ, t,; on 1 10uld hCJ rlFficult . It is rw be lief th..,t ·e r,ust tpl,:e a rosition in rerd; ness, ""i.nirnizing the dcneer 0·1 the east f'1Fm 1· , enphPsizin"' it on th"o "Ost -"l..,11 1• ·rit'.1 tb, '3rd Jjvision in dertr in tJ1e Ci~tA1~r..p rrCJr ~,r r,,•"nr1 tn cou-'lter,,ttrcl.c to the 'ec;t, ·•:ttJ-· f;J,e 1st Britisl-1 11iviflion in r~e,·t11 in tl'e Cr- ,olAnne ['T'(Jf' nrepr:~e,1 tc COU'1t r'-'tt"c1· in either r1 ire ction with t},e /i,5th Divi,:;ion bss ::i. cor1rt te/lo in cor:rc.i resr,rve nell 11.orth of Anzio enr1 ·1ith rarnon just ~n th9 rear n""' the 1st British Div~sion pr"T"red <'or a li,.,,itecl o"fe'.1s;vc t !'1-1',t to r"~,orr--orjze tJ-,n oro'7y l"'nrl :in a co1 mtGrettacJr role to Aith9r fl.~nk . llSt<>r t e '1ffct Jritisr. br-'g.,.-,,'e r,;roup comes in , I rrorose to brin~ in on9 ~,or3 British br-i 2:, de ';!'our rnd :m Ji;r1 e:l"icPn. co"'!bnt tean . This ..ril1 rPke the hri ip;"hn.rc1 more secitre, altl-ioup;h ov rt1-1z its sur,nly crir,bility flnd 0;ive us a cl-:trnce for offensive Pction. 0 0 0 "The ~e;r~"Pl 'h<'S ~rrro•ri,,,ntel, "~ve d-'vi:-iors cnnf'ront-inc; us no", with c,·1other j'YJ. q-: r-11t, P";<-in~t our four . le hrv9 1.0 C'l"nce , in 1-riy op~nion., to re2ch Colli L2zi,'-'1i rire'1 Rf:;Hi'1e;t the orrositi.on "'a::sec1 jn th-t vidn"'ty. Should U~e enemy r8.:'1.ize 011r ~nr 1ili.ty to re2cr this ob,jective , Pnd ·:ith ris i:-rr,nrent c> 1)il~t:v to "10ve c1ivisio"1S f'ro11'l tJ.ie ....,ort]~ .. h never r quired , b~ r ay c'lecide tl~"t t 110 onort'mitv :is present to ri;ive tlie Alli9s R. r"lvArse. Should . e r,ovn., rnc' I an s1-tre he hns the CP"''l.b:iljt:r, t 1'!0 or t},ree r1ore divisions i'7to this ~ren , ,'e \ ·vwild h;:,ve d:t-'"ficulty r,<>j·1tri::nic1~ mi.r;;CJlves . : hr've r· sol11tio>1 ',hich I nf:ill .,..res9nt to GenAr" 1 7 ex2nc'er toriorro" t}, t 9n-,:: S[' ~es ., celn.y in fa'TVJL bec,.,use it i'"' rerfectl; 2pr"r9nt t'ht thA VI Co:r''"S TreRc1 ·1u11rt9rs My' th9 3rd P'1ri /,5tl" Divisions C"'11 not b9 evtr1crted i11 +,i.me. It brinn;s 1 1S f''lce to ""2ce FHh tre rerilization thrt '70 n"'ve n. co"!r itnent en om· hrnds ··r1Jic'1 ""ust ½e "'urrlied rnd •_p'YJ.trined throu,:,}, l 81:111S o-"' crrft :f'or sone t~"l8 mtil tr0 Cr:::-sino +'roYJ.t is built ur sufficiently to bren k t~1rourh . A better pl" n , in -,v or~ nio;1 , ~ould be to l"!ass I" 11 me"ns jn thn l'ed.itc~rn..n1;ri.11 - 11, D11 il;~ou1, n"V"'l anri Pir - "nC lr,uncl" rnother Cor:;-s rmnhibious [lttaclr of' t 10 cl-ivision.s , 1ref2rr½l, t,J~e /~t}, Tnrlif'n, or~ Britis}, div:isio11, n..nd tre 155th 11ot 1<>ter tl"Yl Ti'e1,rurr· 15th in 11n rttPck on C:.vitr-ivecch:La . It 'l01J. 7 rl 1-:ie "'racticr71y- unoprosec . I should r" 1<9 fl lrmc1 in1s on the b81lches at ei.th0r side . One clivision could hold tl e rort, wr:118 anothor noved rr~idly on Rorie to 1,J.oc1; the vri.thr1 rPwal of troor, orvosin/"1' tre VI Corns . In 1'1:V orinion it hn.s sreRt rossibilHiAs rind shou 7.d be dnne . ThA 'Javy '"Jill sr>y, 11 imro~si'Jle 11 , but :it caY\ ')e rlcn-. "n( 10 1li ';iife us F clrnce to tr['r t' 9 Q9r,nrns on t1--e Cr ssino f'::-cmt. I '1Pve iust tro'1--;ht o·r +-,ri:1 } lan and "lill ~ive it norCJ st1 1d r torri~ht , r11d if I r:nr11101'.nsurmo·ntn.ble obstPcles wil1 prese11.t it to AlexRnrler to orrow . FRir • eather ;''Ve us 0 noth9r orport11'1~t - to U'110P.C1 [' J.pr~e l'I'l0·1nt of "urrlios . e r,re i'1 .ctoorl. shRne, e-rcept f'or pr~mun5tion. 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Perso11::>l Cl"rk to r:ruenth9r . fl.~T OQl{. 111 101"1 crn Spadgor Corr>s o+> ? Divisio·1s Cl".lrT'V' 0-1 tl--ie jmp9tU3 of /~~ roes ~l8X,"11('9r unrlPrstn.nr1 thP. no.,,ible nece sit;,r of ,ls:lvi:-: ro;,,e of trj_s force if' :;,resent 1:tt11 c1c1 "re ui1succe3sful? 11 i'erson11l Gr 1ent)1er to Cl. rk . R1J 657 . tt1Ar,,.nitzer i·1dicr1tes thf't 'l.lexa11der •1ill rrobn.bly be rl:llucta"'lt to coT 14 t rr->rt of Spac--;rir Force rs surrr;ested in ~'our �59 r~7 i·'p'essio"l is t 1r t \leYDnder visu:--lizes fl sit1rtio·, ,..,,1ereb;r Jrad½"'r Corrs rjF-;ht 1,e forcec to trih? over sector no'r occupfod by 3rd J1I>'\. and 1/,.t:t I"ivj sion . ''ill niscuss r0ints r::,isefl in :ro'n~ rries::1pa9 -1l'en Lerrinitzer cones J-,ere U is Rfternoon . Your GOJJ.. ccr10 sl5 r;},tl:r garbled but : believe 1 nnderstr>nc_ your c1e-:,ire. See rw next ""8SS"C:8 reference TndiPn Jivjr;ion f'or non p9rsonr>l flddress . 1 Frorri Fi"t:1 "..rni;,r to FFth rr-iy Pdv Cl - R'T 65? _tt}'0urth Ind1n.n Division has been ordered f'rom T~j_r,hth Army to Sradger Force . rove,.,,ent \"ill be1dn t(might . tt rersonnl Glnrlr -fron Qrmmt},er - R' 701 - 11 Ler'l Y,88 'ln"bln to throw •ouch 1:-l l"ht 011. Ale".'1nder rlrin e"'CP-,t to co..,f';,,..r ,,..eluct,.,nce to use pr rt of :;rndi:;er Corrs . In f8rsorv11· riesseg8 to I eese, l\lexP.nd r st,-,ted , 11 1 r1J:in to er-rlov Jew ?:ealancl D.;vision north of C:Rssino r1~rect8rl on /lrcGtt . LeM sq-r--:; tbere h::-s 1)een 1 no rlisc1rsion o-"' S''.Cf' a rJr>n . He bel iPves th"t Ale' rinrler his no c efiY1ite plrn but is w 1..,::ti11g d8VeloF1P.nts rn 'Till triH· to you rnc' f'l'rlger . Srrdger v-isit8d ..-,rench Corn" n.nr1 II Go,,.rs tod::i y . 'IP. sa"' Juin but 1ot Keyes . ft presfmt he ar T'9"T'"l to be coy,rluetinr- recc:--•1n1:1~<1scnce only f'nd hris o-ivon no i11,"iCPtion of' hjs in..,entions . Alexandc,r 1 s decj sio11 to gc- to /lnzio to,,i rht ''f1S n SU(1den oYJ.e , but he [l ssur"'ld 1811 ~ t /1.S notr; nr to clc vr~ t}, s lowne'1s of VI Corrs a,1 v:-,nce . }Te S" id h0 ,just wn.nted to tPl 1,,. to G nerPl ~lriri• . He l'F'Y re.-,"in rit Anzio Tuesday nig t . He js •,rina-i-no; h"'"' 1,it J unc'erstr1r1d . }le v:isited T'cCreerr this e~"ternoon. I w1s 1 11jte pess:iristic ov1c1r s;tuqtion here lrst nip½t ,,.Pter I returrn~d fro1"1 Juin Keyes conference . T feel Jetter r-bn' t ~t tonight . -,nem7 )'"S everyth"np; cornr-dtted , Pnd : bcilieve "le will tri.1'.:e CAssino . Vo '9VP..,.., no blitz is 1ndicrted . Keyes "Ji 11 p;iwi no 9S-Si~Ate . "'ine j s Febru,.,ry 6tJ- - I J-,ope . 11 0 0 * 1 RSS~F'l,A'TO-- F~B~TT~RY l , 19/)j.--G ,n~rnl J\l ,:Pnd,.r .nrriv d b;r destro.r0r pt, the con•rorinc' ro"t 11.t Anzio at about 0730 ancl cr "l Pt once to Gener,.,l Clar'k: 1 s co· r-nn'' post . '7ith hin uer"l ~e'lt"!ral }'nrding rrir1 his 1--.i1it8TY Pnd nRV/'.11 rides . Cr .n~r"l Cl,,,rk at once hr>d t:1 S"lrious cnri.versetiori. "-"Tith ,...,..,nerPl Al-:ixBndl')r rbout th"' J.-,tt ... r 1 i:- sup- rosition thrt '31-T 'G-LE hnrl not 1,,"'n e:,._'T'loit"ld n.s rnrinl'r "S icir: t h~·ve b"'!en the .f C"se . G"rJ.~rt:'l Clr-rl' noint~d ont ti--,..,t s""ri0us orrosition hAd b en m,t b·,. thn VI Con1s , r>n-1 +,hrt there '"8.S no vrlid. r;ro1ryi -"'or rli_ssqtj_;;':'Pction ,,-·th th, rrocrress \ ""ade . 'I'h"l G,..n")rr l nent on to outlin~ +'or C'r ,n,,r" 1 A1,,., ~AnJ0r tbe rro•,osed o:--erc ti.on At Civi.tn.vecc ~iP descri', ,cl in ycst"lrcl.<'Y ' s diRry. G"lnerr, l /1 lev-::md""r nnd G~neral P..,rd"-nq; ap.,..,,a,,..,d to l,e tri1·cn nooc1· by tre sur;p;"'!stio'Yl ,-ind cc,uld only state thA.t it :nres"nted 7 or-i--:;ti.c,:,-il dF'ficnlti~s . ·.ro this G~·v"r:> 1 Cl<>r 1r.: sa ~a , "C v .rco!"e tJ-, ... ! 11 P'"l fl" id trnt ,., 11 tr"t , 0,1lc' ~ n111cess"r r ,.,.011ld be for Gen,,rr 1 Alexenc'"lr to P'1"t fn,...iral Cunnjn'"'·r.,"' nnd ttrub his nose ·h11 tr,e rroposAl nntil the l'r11-1irr-il coll,:,ct'1d th, n,cessrir" crnft tc lrnd ,:it th~ ro-5.rits ~n r:pJ.estion . Th'1 results, G':)rt"'!rol Slsr'· said , wnnl.rl. ITT'~Rtl:r ,ri.hnnc"' Gn 1."';rP l ·"..l~'':Elnd ,r Is r~ru+ntion n s ". il~tary co .....,..,n.nrll')r . G"YJ.ernl Clr,...1 "'u.rt'h r srirl -t-;J-,rat r,, hed no ennc""rn ris to ·vho (' cor--,...and,d th~ or,r'-'tion or vho <;ot the cr,oit +>or it; wh~t h~ · :~bed to s"e WP.. S th, r ."''llts . "o ,,,.v,r , Qn11,-..r~l C1Pr 1". snjcl ... ;..,,...,t i.f G,..-1.r'lr,.,l ~lJ-~pnr er ·ish"d hi to t'lk"l th-is n~1 r,r0i ,ct i1e 011ld do it "rrl 1cu1 r1 sncc~ed in it . In "'nY 9V"'YJ.t , frl"n"'rRl c1...,,~,, s.'."'id 1 df'y sro·1lil. b" Febru"rv JSth "n.d ,wt lrter , "'S til'le i_3 rrecious , and t. 11'~ op,..rntio11 ~ruln b" ~ onrit"'ld b. th"t t~r r'; ~ {' s•1f'f'i_c~ "'nt ,n ,rr:y 'l re, •~isrl "V~d . l G~n rPl !le"Ca ,dP.r P'1(1 Gl')n~r"l ;r.. rdiri,-r ½otr sric'l th"l. th"'l r ,<itter v0rr '1"')rio1rnl~·. 1 7r 1 1ld hf'V to ccris5cPr �Fol,_o"".;1'10" t11-t.s tr11( , G~nf:}rr>l Cl,r1r , G"lner'1.l P.l~'rancer rind G·,nl"lrRl rrrding vi"'it~d the CF o"' VI Cor,..,•c,, '3rd D.;vi<,ion ,,,...,,~ the 1st Ar11ored Divic:ion. Th ,,'f th "ll return"ld to lllYlCt"' [: t t½, CO"''•qn,i rost . \ +'ter lw1ch G~n4'rE' 1 Cl nrlr, ; ho bnd S1lJ11"'oned .; s G-/,,7 to t 1'1" '11"J' ly-coT rl~t~a lPnr'-'1,,.,. 9+,,...ir rt r . . ttuno , -int .r"'fl. 1°:i s rl~'1e Pnd set oPf f'or 1 '""rc·ir'ni~r; , JSCorted hy f0ur Sr"tfirf'.'!s ,v'~ich ,..,,d been on t ., lrm.ding strip ""nd lrd b"'l1"'1 hci tily ordered to t,"'ke off . Thfa '111.provised escort ·ras Dl"Jcecgrir rs t " ,"'Cort -:-r"lvinusly, 1•rpnr,ed ·ritl: th"' •rI= J\ir ~urp0rt C0"1""Pnrl h-1d. f'n.:lE'!d to nrriv~ , (lll~ tot!-:~ "'urrositio'1 ('"'1 tt,.;r r~rt thPt the weath"lr 1.ade .(>lyinr; .:rrrPcticaol,~ . G.n ,rel Cl""r1r "'i"lC. r~s escort lrnd"lrl S"::r-ily £'t Parc;"'n1se ,..i~ld , ri11.c G.,n"lr,l Cl<>r1 G"mer;-,} :,~'7 7 8 '1.nd Lt . Col. 'intJ:-11•rlrnd ::, r,t,n·n"<l. to tlie co """Pnr rost jn cnh~ . I ... ,d-'..,t,ly uy;on ri8 r"lturn t1"3 G n r"'J. c1-ir;cu<1s d ,,.;th '}~r.rPl ,rU"''1+r.,r +,i-, •·ln.n ·rH-;h f'"' hrcl proroq,c_ to G,n,rP.l Al~~-ann".lr '"no. obt . . ~1,d .-,ro·• G "nrt=il Gru,ntl~ r the J~test r~rorts on tre C,ss:i.no oper"+,-tons . 0 r -rsn"1nl to l\lexanc'l"r "ro"' Clrirl:. :?.'I 1117. "}reSPF1t '"'(1 -icrot~cns .,..," -'.:.rot CasJi'10 h i··h+,s -,;_ll ,~ -;~;:-'t1T:' v~r;r soo,, . :;:+, "u,c ;1,si--;t 'l'" T"<>terfrlly ir, -ror-ul"'ti."'<"' ,T'f "'nt11••p ;- 7 "'"'8 i+' .ro11_ C0'1 1.ci ~,,,,q-i_cr-t, no r -1) ,.,,~ss'o·1 'ric1 you cont •11 1 ,t'.'.l for tJ-,"l >m1 r;- .r "'ore, . I d,-,~r, to rit:ov V1ic; "'ore~ to --1v""nce nortr·:rest i·1. +,},~ Llri V- ll~y 'l;'~'W tlie II Car:-''' to Jl'"'tect t'1~ r~ c"}-t -r:::_nnlr of tr, 0DPC1 ger Fore~ . II Corrs ·,ill rirlvsYJCC -: n th" r'~.rectior T"re 7 l4'-Ro°C'1. )~CCP <>·1d "t . C<>st ,llo "'J - I~'°'d~~0·1t ,-Rocca ;l"C'CA. . ·r 'ncl• Co:,,r, J.:;o Pdvrnce 011 ttirn Pnd t r--·1c~ on ..;o:-P . JJec-·<:.-:o- nn ':•r,d'=-~r Fore~ 3}'0'1ld ,..,, rcr·ched Ft 1d rut i.11to "f'f~ct fr'"J'A'J.i,:,t~ly 1.11 order t:1rt l'T}'rit "'Y"f' ,t'J.s t 11~r"' 78 l,..ft to Fi::'th Arc;/ s011tli')rn e.ttrlc'r sJ,-,011ld not b" lost ." 1 1 -x- * * Pr~s /'1ZA'J(~--1<"8BF.Uil.RY 2 , J_0/,4--'ft ,r t8 1-:::::i_ 1 ,.p; err' o·r 8 hervy p CCUT"UlF tio'1 o+' Fr .r •s10r'r r·-yl b:l.c"cl-i"1.0' ...,.ooc'by, to 1 "j . G~n . ro11,:; ,, is r-,turni11rt to the 'n:te<1 Str-tes rp,cl to Drii:;('l.diF-r Geri, ral ''ax ro ~" ,ro p-oin,: to join tlie 8:-'11.d 1\.ir1,orn, Division iJ'l ,n'1'1Pnc1., f}nn"'ral CJ,.,r'" l~+'t 'is ·!"'a-1 ,..,u,•~'t,rs ~.t lJ.C'() iours to ,,~nit t·,o o"' 1·.::'s Corrs Co~J1rincfors . At the II Corn:: CI, G"l"'erf'l Cl.<>rk con±:'"lrrec vritli 'rij . G...,n . Kcy~s C0'1C i·nin<:; tl • si-SUA.tion Pl0'1P' t½"' II Corr::. -"'ront, A.nr' rlrinr for tJ e i'"-~ediPte +'uture . The situFti.on is -reirly gr,od, fllthougl· tre Ger,.,,nns rre still resi-tinrr stuhhornly, r2rtic 1lPrlv 'l.rO'P1r th-· lr~y c1P-f ... nse roint of Cassino . (}rm ,rn l Clrr 1 told G"!·-1 ral Y~:ns thr>t r'~ nrofos~d to r-ov : th"" TStri Di vj si.on f9rthe:~ to th~ nort'') so tJ.i.rt 5t could strik, west alonn; t 1 e r ~ g0 p:round nc.rth of C:::;_ssino . GenJrPl ~"r<"}•rb11rg 1 s 'Jew ZeA.lr-ncl Div-: sion ,.,.ould tl "''1. h us~r' to c<ttack alono- th~ Liri River 1o rl.<>nrs . The _3/{,th Division ·roulc'l join th, 16th jn this vest"'rn thrust north of Grssino . G"ln""r·1l C1Pr1c l1incr."'c1 with G.. n~r"l 1:~_.,..s .,nd sc"'- of ~-"' stn.-rf o"'fic"'rs r>nd th""n left -"'or the Fr~nch ":Xf"lditionrr.r Cor::--,s corr, r..,n'i :~o-:it iust rl-iove V""r"-rro . l\.r·,,.iv~nr; ~t t1-l"! '"rrincr Cor-rs , G~n.. rPl ClFrk '7Ps rn ,,t h G~n"rnls Juin , 11d il.oosev 1 t, nnd '1"'! ,.. ,nt · r , ~ai~t~ly : nto tJ, , corps ap room to i1~ SC'lSS plflns rith G"!'1 .rel Juin . Th., t"7o :-'re11c1- djvisio-1S ·~ill no i turn t'h jr R.ttack northvmrd striking e lo:rig the :riorth- soutr ronf ler.di'1': to ·prd J\t:: nD . G.... n rr>.l Jujn -:mirl th1t ;~e hf\d rec.,,.iVeQ l , 000 '1ntive replPc ,~ent::; ,~rort TTorth A"ricP r.ind t11r>t r_,, wns r')ady tc-, jur-r off 0n tle 9+,tac1, at i=my Vye . G,n~rnl Clrir-: sa~.d tl1""t th. otr r divis:lo:ris jo-inil'lP- .;11 .l,:,h, ntb.cl: conld not bt'l Y'c<JPCY 1uite so quickl:,. In fnct it rrobrhly '1011lrl be :cm·· or f·'.ve cfavs bP-+'or~ the ne' offrmsivc co 12ld ,~ lf'·mch~d . Tn1n~::--inq 11bout •-.rencl-i r ,fl"ce "nts , G"'n"'r~1 'P<i rl_or , 1 J �Clerk learn ,d thn.t 0t!1r-r nntives nrn rca(v to sriil +'ror "orth 11:fric<"' but thrt the rrincinal -r,,r"'net' rl'lrlr..c~r ~nt nrobl~n ''P'S in Fr ,nch o•~f'ic"rs r,y' non-corwission~d o.c>fic~rs . T11"•ir" nr~ -rew r~rlrocem.nts for t 11es~ '""l")n , nio"'t of \-'orn hnve J.rd to sca·0, fro fr;~nce . G~n~rc1 l ,Tuin rromj sed t rt his Gonr11s v;culd take r1011nt c.- :ro nnd that tre"T 11ro11ld rln11t the '1trrs n.:r-cl ~tripes n.nd the French Tricolor on the crest o:' the 'll01A7.ta;n . G~n..ral c1~rt: SP.id tbrt if' 7,he Gourns took t..,e !"ountain he want~d the ricolor t0 fly f;,bove tre Jters anc. 3trip,s . G"neral ,Tuin c greed vigorously nith G~n"!rn.l Clprlr tbnt 11 He .,..,rt 1reep the ½riyonet f'°!rr~tur lly in tl·e r·un ' s behind" , if 1e r1r~ going to s ove 1--d r:- bn ck raridl Y . Gen .ral Clnrk also lenrn .d thr>t "' Gnn rnl of th~ /~th I"ldinn Divisio:-1 WP. s in thf'! French a::..·en torlay lookinc- oveir the t~.,..rn.in to see if Tndi"'n trr,ops could Pight in th':l countr;v Fh~re the French di.visions nre now rushing +'orw[lrd . G,.,n~rril Cl;,rk l"\;{fTessed ris objec tion to tres" o-"'fi_c ,rs goi11r; ~ nto th., section whrm "t ms not his :;1:-n to employ eith"lr th~ /!,tr- ·~"ldfan Divi3iori or t11c ~ evr ZP,[llPnd Divi ~ion in this f'IOuntPinous country. G~n~ral Clar 1• 1.-,ft th-, Fre11cr Corra reric.quarters n'1.rl :,--etnrn-n.d to his 0'7n advPnc~ co r "'nd post Pt Fr~se'1zr-no . Upon returnin-,, he ~nform0d GencrPl 1ru,nth ,r of' ris d"scu-::sio'1s with G ner<>ls K"'Jy ,s R"'.(' Tuin a11r• t.11 ,n cnri.ferred br:i~f'ly 'Vith Colon~l Sul7_:ir11, th"? Arry ';ut=1 rterr,,ns~ ~r , · ho 11r d cone up "'ror~ th : r~nr Jche lon, ri bout nro hl~ s of t rr;•y sur l·r. * }-ff-; )r; T7A'Tf' --Y ~3FFFIRY 3, 1944--G"'"l rnl ClPrk too1<- off +>ro~, tl"e ;:;'ifth 11 r,,,.,y- co' rand rost strip 1-:Jy cul) t>t OR/!,5 t is r orn1ng. B:19 arr-:v~d nt th, JO CorJ s striT' 11t £> bout 0900 l 1ours wher" ' ~ , JI? s r•"'lt ½y G.rin~r" 1 cC:r er;r th , Corr s Cor '"lntl.-,r rnd proc .,dee! tn T{ePri.'JU"'rt ,rs 0 01 Gu:-.rds BrirrR.de 1h .re 11, ,1_,,t F2j . Gen . Gr")gson-Ellis , Co.,.rrnd-:na th., Sth British Divjsio"l , Ms Brirr::idJ Co"'!"a11r1,,rs ,-.-rir1 oth r o+'fic~rs . P.-"ter ::i )ri"l-r c0·1,:_rnltE'tion ,jt11 thes~ o""''ic,rs, the A.rrv Cor anner rroc~ccled to Tufo wher~ h~ sp ,nt snT'l, ti,•e in two OP 1 s o½s,.rvi'1P' th, terr['in rind discussi'1n' tr e 10 Corps Ptt;:, c'r ..,:i tr +,he Corrs Com•!J.nc,er . G~11~rr 1 ClPrlc took of'f fro'! th~ sb· ip , r~turn-inF to >1,s co.,.,,,.,,Pnd post Rt 1175 . 1 1 G .nern.l Alexrind"'r hr>c1 exrresscd n _,rish to r -i<::cuss '7it11 G".!n rrl Cl"r 1,.,. t11e \ VA.rio11s "'rohl ,l:13 fpcirir.; tl1 "'\ ~.rrriy Co :r2nder on tre nz-i.o and Cr>ssino :ronts. Accorc'l-i•1r;l:0, ..,t RP_ roxill'atelr l//)0 G .n r l Cl"'r-!{ fl"li•r by cub rlr->nl'l to CE>sertP , "'h ,re le lPnded b~• tl-i"' Hat .. rfr 11 ::rnrl "ent b~f CQr to Genl"Jrf11 Alex3.nr1er I s hMd q11art..,rr1, •1rh,r"l h, co11f~rrt"lil -"or aqrox" "t,ly i=i.11 hour ·ith Gen~rals Ple'Cf'1,ler and ,-,re; v.rp· b ,-"ore l'')tnrnj nrr to ris CO"'r•pnn post by Cllb . 0 The frr,.y Cor'"Pnoer re-c•')ived t h , f'oll◊'·;'1ro- T"CS ra') "'rori }1js Chief of -·taff tl-Jis r>ft rr:oon ''Tho W"S up Pt the new brir'geheRd rre8 checki.,,,g 0;1 the ituation . Rr . 18°. 11 Fnve seen Lnc:Y, . H~ feels .,,£'irlY cw·fortnblr, r>bout ,~resent situr> t"on. ~Jo 1 nd:cr>tio11s y~t o-r- rajor attnc\: . Does not nlen to ·-,~thdraw 1st Div., but ''il] be n"'cessn:c,r to ,dthdrAvr '.lrd Div . JiouP'hnuts r>ml linuor h"'V"'\ hnd v'oncerful ~"".l:>ect . 11 0 TTpon l'l"!C"lip+. of .._,r~ 8 bove C' bl~' th~ ~r1117 Co•'1~,nnc1~r disr:>tc1~~r1 the .,..ollm inr- cicr)l., to Gn,n~rr.l Lueras . PJ 14/,/!, . "Gru~nth~r r~rortq sitw tion ·rell in h<Pnd . .,,"{r.: .ct to fly up cAturc'.~y riornjnr- nnd loo1·' the ciiturition ov~r . Arn 17,lPd 3rd Division is b~i'1'; orrr,rin-1zed nn_ T'l"ced in ri P1orJ coi"p"ct situr+.ion 'h<1r~ it can ~ith"lr rep ,1 collnt.,rattack or later, at Pn ar ropriat~ ti , , ,.,1{e Pn ::ill out e.ssr-mlt O"l Cister'1.a . 'ir- 11'\a}~in~ r,lnns .ror "JJ out w·srult h~re. ill "'ivc you 1 1 �the details 0.,1 Sr-turda'r. lt .~r-rds . 11 G~n rl'l Clf'r1" .,..,iceiv d r- C"rile +>ror, Adnirnl Lo'TY th 1 Con•.an<ler of 'I'i:,sk Force ;¥81 in , hich r"' ~}.Tr~ssed rd.s ple,,sur~ f't norldnP, ,.,jth tl,e Fifth Army P.nd :bis hop'"! for R aui ck junction :l n Ror ,e . G~n~r!':'l Tl'te , Fi+'th ArPly G- k , todPV subf'!itt1'd a rl"'rort to Corr~anrl'!)r r,-,p;nrfli.na trc '~ur,pl "';_turition Rt Anzio . The rerort th-, suppl • 9itw,tion in g ,n"'rl' 1 -is Sl'l.t:i.sfr- ctory for the troops excert for E>rtiller:, RP"'mnition . Ad justT'lcnts in the surrly of nition ar, ~i11~ ca.de driily 'by tht"! 1c;rr - trucv n<1tror . the Fifth l\rr y .<>sscrted th0t no ::r in th.._, ar1'P nrtill .r.r Br rm- The ~ nfnntry r"'rl::> c"..,,~nt sj tuntion -in Fifth Army is b"'cor,inrr r11or, :, cute ev .ry rla.y. A+.'ter co-1siderf'ble ,tuc1 y o+' the nrobl ,ni, G('mernl Cli:irk c..,1-iled G,Jr~ral Dev~rs as f'ollff1s: 'R,'T l/~09 . 11 Inr~r>ntr rePl'"'Cr)T ent s-itu0 tion in Fifth rr,y is ~xtr(Y el-r s~rio11s . Fresfl:l'1t srortar s i 11 6 i. vi sio'1s nm· ,Yceed <S , 00C' . Nunh•·r rr"s~ntly f'W,~ lPbll"J in r'"°'rot is 800 , whicri ~ncludes '3CC ..l ich hrve been co werted to i nfPnt:r-y from. oth"'r bro.nch ,s . CP sun lti,,,,s j n tl-ie 3rd Di vi 1ion c1.lone totnl ?L,00 of 7},-i ch only 900 c1re non- bri+,tl'1 . Total United Stftt~s er sunlti~s in VT Corps nre rro . In-~rntr:r "'hortn½e :n '3L.th liv:5sion is 1'300 . In '36tr Division '3000 . J r~sent o-r~r tions involve sirnultn.n~ous U"e of' all di.visions "nd re q,1-i.re tbrit T /o str na;ths b"l • a.:ht.., in":!d . 1 1 0 ttr urgentl:r r1'corari~nd BS n ,..,,,.,tt"'r of Of"!rPtj onn 1 n~Ce"'sity thrt 1000 infrn tr~r rP-plncl':l'llents ')~ t.ri}cn f'ror, 85th T)ivision r>nd "'r~rm .d h"lr~ b:r f;:,stest nvnilnble r A1ns. I 1-iPvc fllr'"lndv r'lir~c+,cc1 that infantr:r r,.,.rlrcer ~nts b, t£1k"'n ~rm~ 88th Divis-ton "n~n :t nr-rjves , ½ut I desire to liriit thPt nu.,...ber to minirnu,'ll Pbs0lutcly n~cesser·r. Th,re rr~ rlso shorter;es in artill~rv, P"!d;_ccil l'nd enr;in"!ers, but t "'Y P.r"' not y"\t r.rjtj cal. 0 "I ;-, lso 1 1rt-:~ thr,t cverythhi.r• rossihl~ b"' dnn~ to ~1ove u-r th~ F~bru"ry r>nd ~•o;_rch li f'ts o+> r~r'lncer-~nts fr01., th~ Un:i tcd Jtc1tes rim' +,o e'r.-,edite shipPent to Itn ly of RTUS fro, ·rorth l\fricr . } leP s~ E>dvj se ~ct-ion t<i 1,.""n• 11 * * L,, 1'1'"'cE,gA' 0 - -Ti'.,..,B,'tF~qy 1944- -At 0G00 tMs ,...or11hw G,')l•"lrrl Cl;-,r 1,. r~ceiv1'd G•n~r, 1 I Ke•r~s, .Tu jn f''1d R")11Clt"lr i.n J.-,~s hut . Th") '":ll[)j~ct ().(> tris conf""r"'1C~ ,~<>s thr. rro- \ ro:;,d r"'nrrl'nr,~:--.-int oft},,. forc~s on th~ Cr>ssino front, in vi~·~ o+' -:.he Rrdw·l r+> th~ 'L' '.fonln.nd Gorns, Cor n_,yl..,d b· G~n~r,,l Fr~•hurr, . Bri~f'lv ,t.-.t"'rl, G.. 11,rnl Clrr1" 1 '3 tl-io110'ht, n,3 ror0s~d to G,n,rPl .Tuin, ''PS ti-nt 1-ir-i 3J.-,oulrl Ce'"'S') to ,....0ve 1-ii s Corps on At.-i.n;:, 8 nrl r .-ori_Pnt T-ii s e+>+>ort to-erd Ter~lle - 11.occa .,.eccr . GPvi~r;, l Glar 1( propos"?d to reJi ,v~ th, -:i;t11 DivisioP fro,.. ~t:J rr .s..,11t ro"itionP ['3 soon r>s ;os~ibl"' 11 '1rl disrhc~ :it. north of th, '3/i-t • JT_ th"!n T'ropo'l"'f to rut the ·rew ~eelrnG D-ivision in jnst s011th on trc Crssi.no +'')<1t11r~ FITJ.d b8Vt" ~t strjk~ north,·est,..,~,-.i1 up ti-ii'\ I ir-i iT:,11.-n. Gen~ral Juin ir .,.,~dilltel:v '7'!'8Sn"'r t'fi~ fnct t1-i_nt this rlrn i.nvolv"?d P r1 esir11.})l_~ CC'"lC ,ntr['ti.0'1 of' norc rl'1t'h"'!r· trJ:1'1 1licr~rsi.011 of jt. H"' st;:ited, ho ·•w ,r, thrit h, .,.nst 1-irv~ r-rot, ct-i.on on tr~ nort'fi 0f l,i s rr~s~nt position ·h":\r~ ~_+, :=i.r•join .d the ";-iP-}'th t\rllly. G~n~ral Glrr1' rrordser1 to lnok into tlie 1Jucstion of' Its. 1 "irn. n.'1.c: ro'"'s-ibly so e .l1 m"ricr'1 troors to h lr the si'1~le co,.,,bat t,.11 , 11.i er f'}~,ii-r<- 1 Juin ·,rps ri hl , to l""f v . 011 tl c n0rtr. �G 3 nu ,st-ioYJ.s -j,-wolv"'d :i11 th"! ~r,,rlo~:fl'.'lt'mt o.,.. th, l,T"'w 7,en 1 r'nd Corps. G~n"'lrr:l Fr,.,yburg ) stater thrt 'r:i:, r~conneissorice 'R.S in proP-r~ss ,110 thrt i11 two cir '3 he could get th'3 'Ie·'T 7,e" lanc'lers -in rosi tfon r;outri of Cassj rio to 11:oVl'; north'"'"'st ur the Liri Vr,l 1 J.T . At luncl1 GenP-rnl Cler1c r-ece:i.vcd nn.ior G"ln rr>l r·cI"n.hon Rn,'l. ;h,ior G•nerc>l Rob"lrtson , Co....,'""Pn<'F"'P: the ~th and "nd TT . S . Jnfnntrv Divisions r1'spectiv.,.ly. Thl"lse o+'f'icers, ·•hose 11.11i.-':.s r>,re 'lo.., in th!'! lritish IslP,s, hn.v"-' co""e wjtr '1°rue of their 0°"fiCC"Y'8 to Itrily to studv actual or~rp-'",~ ons . G... ri~rn 1 01::T"lr "'urnishcd t},eTII w'th ,je"lt'S ['''.\d recor'1[-)7"'Si1.'1Ce CATS Awl <J.rrflnrr.~d for tri~ 1 1 to visit II Corrs where tr"l~r would o-,,.t experience ~ n actual ,mrfare 11s c0nd11ct~r "'.:,oca.r. In the r-> "'t,.,r-r1oon GenPrnl Juin r ,turn~d yrj_t}, G1'YJ.l"!r,l CPrpl'!ntier f1ncl Colon~l Cherriere . G~ner a l Cl Arl,. to l d G~n"lrnl ,Tuin thnt "' hprl fcund r flllw rundred Itqlirn troops to reinforce G~ner'11 .Tuin 1 s north~rn flPnk . G .n~rr,l J,1in erir:erly strotecl thrt YJ.f"! 'WS renrlv to ta," ur the n,w r>ttnck Terclle - Roccasecca . G.n~r~l Clr:- 1r, rr"'n"!r::il Gru.-mtr~r and Gen ,rr> 1 TPte P 11 v~ o;orousl7 a::rner-tcn , howeve r, t hr-i t thl"?rc , •ust b" econoni.~r exerci s~d by G"'n rn 1 ,Juin in tl-i~ cc11c;u~ption of artill~ry 11.n11,unition , as r, hrd h~en b 1 1r'1in½ nor"'l thFr ::>n;r oth ,r nn:'t . Genr.,r"'l Juin s11.id thf't i-,.., 1rn ':V it , ')ut' ,~1-i"'l'1 his soldiers su":erec1 hePVY cr"'!urltj~s r·1r'i 9till hnd to hold on , the onl-r rr-y 1 1, 1 ,m~',r to ricco·-:rlish it ·'Tpc; to use artillery on t:re G~rr-Pns . 0 At din'1cr G"'n~rr l Clnrl~ ""'1t"'!rtr-i in"'d Gonerri 1 P~uclAr, Golo'1el S? ltzri>n and Lieutenant Colonel }orter . I>1.rl7 in the ev~n:inp.: Generl?l Clrirk clictoted th~ f'ollm1iY1g +'or in ½is dia:r: llVj sited 10 Cor·· s yest':lrrln:r 1w cub, ,~ns """lt by G ,n~rrl , ccr--er7 :1nc tqJ·en to the Hint11rno Pr•r1, -rhr>rc I visited thll! Sth Divinio'1 ::ind ...,,"lt its ne·.,. co~"'nYJ.cl"r, T½.j . Gen . Gr,o;,0'1-ElliP. Pe ?nd his prLncip~l s bord 0 nrt~s i~nr s~"')d ~~ A.s being, h-i P,'hly er-ficient 1:i->1.d likeable ch'"lfS . I 11is:i.ted tre Tu:"'o Prer> -::bere, fr/")'l\ an OI I hnd P onoc'l. loo c flt thl"!ir '1~xt ob,ject5v"' • TTrg ,rl l'cGr•cr~r tr lnimc" an rttrc1~ 2t the earliest possibl, drte . He fP-els hl':l r,ny not be r>ble to do it b~forl'" th.e ?th. ,rq~turned 1 cub to my co~, ,1n<i rost . Flew 1"'t 14 30 to R confr!rance v,j th ;y G~n~1~91 l\.l,xRnd~r rl.l1d G~n1'rr>l Fr~:~ourg r>t Cf1sertR. G-,n~rr1l :!:"revhurg had been d~rected by Alexr,nder to rrep::1rP reco.,.,,Pl"lndi;tions fer h-i s e.,,.;-lo; ent -: n tJ-1~ Fi f'th I Ar:-.,.v frr.nt . Frevburp; hPd do'1."l tr is ·ajtl'out re-1:er~nce to Jll-,. Ji le~rrinrler hd like·11is"' :mnr'1c nlr>ns, n.11 of v;},ich emit~ un"'Jtric;.-,11-r, f'or .,-,f't~r r>ll it is T"Y job to pr~rrre the tPcticP>l '"'lnns PYJ.c conduct the or.•~rr>tions of tre li"ifth Jrrn:y. It ·,7i;,3 EJr.rar'!'1t at th~ ½eqi11n; n,~ o ~ tbe ,.,. eti '10: thrt 15th l\:r:rr.y Group P':.d """revburg 1~re p;oil"J.P' to tell m~ ,just Po', ni-r n xt [lttrrc 1.,. 1 ould b~ r 11de . ; ob.j ,cted rs dirlo:niF' t~callv PS no_:si~lP- . D-iffe,...~rl ~ntir.~l • 1it. h rre:rburr, 1 s end ~1.,,rmncle.~ 1 ~ v:ie1 s on ti"'~ er•rlo, e-110 01 the YITevt lealand Corns Rnd told ther, th"t, in my orin10'1 , the Few '3-,13. la."lriers and TndiA.ns ,-rould not get to f'irst bn.so 1wrH no; in tre Cr ss5 nof"o1n,:t Cniro "ou~1tr>inr;, t½r-t the II Corr,s 11.nd Frrmch sho1 1ld r,imin in th')re Pnd the 'ew z~olanders car~ i.tt!'d. to thri Liri VRlle:r ,,hen tl,,,y could .,.~t "Cro"s the Pqrido without too ""UC½ .:'ir:;htj ng . I nrg"'d thst Freyburo Rnc1 hj s co, "0 n.d be f'.lc>Sed to 1':V control ir,,difltel,r . Thr,v fina11;,r Po/~er- to y rl<'ns, n.nd Fre.rburg VPS pl,,ced unc1 ,r rrrr C'Y"", ,;i_11d . I �i, had in handling the t.revr Zealander Bx-plaining thPt they -rere territorial troops, responsible only to their 1?overnnent a.nd v;e ht:'d to get Along rri th them. I assured r.im our relations wouln. be happ:r and th::it "'e =ould T'i8.ke a go 0 1 ' "In view o:"' certain intelligence·I had r11ceived th'.'l nir:ht before on enemy intentions in tl10 FFth Arny l\.nzio bridgehcHd, I sent the following rad:i.oo;rRfl'I to GencrPl Lucas: issued to you to :=i.dwmco ;,rour left and to cr1pture Cisterna 11re hereby rescinded . You sh011ld novr consolid2.te ,·rour bePchhead and mrke suitable disrosjtions to neet Rn attrw 1-:: . You PP~T withdraw 1st Division far th~r to south if vou consider thRt Action nclvisable . Ar<vance on ow objectives will be r~suri'"ld later . "\::if'th~r v~rf'li tting Gru"'11th0r rill r ee ch your HePdqm1 r ters nt 1130 tor1orrow to give furth?r d"tails . Ackno··rledge . 1 1 I nstructions 11 T also sent Genornl Gruenther th~ following cl,'-'y to give hirn T'Or(~ detPils •. I hav"" felt .Por sor•? ta no thHt it '78.s foolish for us to co11tinue to 1.raste our stren~th on an Ptt"" ck 011 Cisternr. G8nl'JrP 1 l\.l~xanr:"r has co•1trar;7' views. I told G'merPl Al".)xandt"lr yesterdPy -ift0rnoon th:-,t I }v .d storped th~ att~ck on Cisterna, <>.nd h~ uas gre2tlv clisturbed . Ifo urg,:;d w, to bf>, rrep"T':ld to attack with that division in an all- out effort to F•~t •:isternP on 48 hours 1 notice and tolcl '"'l.e a,c,;ain that the Gtirr 1 2.ns '70uld not P.ttack in force . I differed agr in and told hirn thnt I would not i"'astc tbe 3rc1 Division, which hPs P.lreBci.;,r hr-,d ?L~OO losses (500 losses for the entire VI Corrs) , but th"'t I would dispose the entire corps to Peet P co1 mter1;ttack in stren~;, nnc thrm bA rrcpered to advance . 0 "Last niirht additional corroborating enemy intelligence indic~ted strong General Alexander received the sm,r~ infor:r",'."tion ,ond lvd hia Chief of .;t,e:,ff t,·lephovie at 1"'idnight, to "rnrn ne of ·7t. I tnl1"ed '"•ith Alexander this T"orn:ing , Fmd he vras delighted th:-,t I hHd ta\:en the defensive rttitudo t~nporaril;,r, and hrid chrnged his •vhole opinion . 1i "l.(r:,lj hood of a.n ~ner,1y attack j_n force FE< inst r,.y bridgehe8d rosition. ur j,1fornf3d Pl~xand~r th2t J had heri "'revburg Pnc liis stef'f in confer~nce 1 this r·orn~_ng 1 1ith Juin , K,;y,es and my stpff rn.C: bad c irected Freyburi:; to rr"1m a r~lief in the 16th Division sector to"1orro nio;ht A.nd thnt toraorrovr, Pt a tir~e to b0 mutun.lly n r,;rccd upon bet,,,.,en II Corps and Fr3yburg I s Corrs the cor'T'!and \ vmuld pass to the latter . Ti'r~yburg is sort of e 1 b•111 jn a chirn closet 1 • He feels h~ is ~oing to win th::i 1·:nr , r>nd ''lith his 15 , 000 V'?hiclcs is going to clutter up the rmtir~ Liri Vf'lley c1rea . Fe inr"diately clash""d crith K'3yes ,-hrm ho 1 ndic2ted wh·c;re he ·-res '""OVinr,; artill~ry , his rrew je.<>lcnr~rs, his In6irms Pnd other ir11p,dimenta . I turn,~d it ov,;r to r,y st2.ff, tellin'{ ?rl'lyburg that he could noYe :into no areas until he had coordjnatcd ,-,it)~ Pll Fifth Arriy activiti ;S . I WPS disappointed in K iyes I Attitude tov.ercl P-re:rburg r'nd sent hil" th~ follor,ing ~ J_e ~~ ! 1, ver 1: ' 1 ' I tried to 1r,ic1.te to you tris "'lorning the i"~oortence o+> +'ri·mdly Pnd coopcrntive reJ.r,t:: ons 'Tith Gencr~l Vrcyburg . 1I j 1 arn constrain~cl to tell ~rou thr:t I ..-as 2 littb r'lisaproj·,"ted in your \ �scTJJ.,'"'hPt br-ll-1g~..,,,,rt .?i:.titude to-.arr:1 h~•• t 1,j"' nrn:l'l'lr; . T '1.0.i. .d "'t , n.nd G '11"rP1 Fr, rburg s:;ok, to of it , "'1.d lrit ,r r;ro 1c to G,,.n,.r~l Gru-,ntb r conc,..rnin<" it . T arrr .ci t, 4:-11 "rl,n( id job r011, >1riv~ b"!e'1 rloj'"'t , th ... 10·7...,. 'hc•l'r" u,pt OU "re 7 "' -fo'Y" Cr>.ssino , rirc'I thrt tl , rov .... _,n~~ of tl·is Sft<:Cial out rutt··n3 i11. yo ·r , att ""it on to of you rr~~~11.ts rm co~~ l ,'ci'1.g r.,..-o½l"'PlS . A 1 tl e ott ,r 1--Ja.nd , .c,: ~'le '7:··~ rlo -j nion .i..1~oops ',}- 0 a:,:·'") V ry j Aq_lous o~... th~ir pr·,rogativcs . The Br itish hav~ -fo 1 md th~m di:"!.'ic11lt to . [>nc'le . The~r h11v, al 'a.rs b,,'c'l "'.-''7"''1 ::::rec,;i.al -::0•,L;:lcie:~.-, ·tjon ..i:ic"' e r1· 7 c' 'lot r--'v, t0 cur ovn troops . rl~?Se ) nr '·,',-' S :'.'..'1. -' "1_(1. I -',-.t,,.,.,,, ":,r .,,.,,. ,fl")"'r r ,lat-' ('•T1", ritli the 1 l';C'Y'"'.,..'ll e1·~cl -niftl, Arr,o . "r· 'lrl harry, P'1d -ol' "'U"t h~lr r11~ ell ,·ou ccn . I, ther fore , loo 1r: to ·on -t.o ~o ,,11 01 1 t o,.. .·orr "lf' iri orc'"'r tc r•,c,1r" y jo "')<isier. }1.erise see tre1t .ro1n• =-te1+'f (1 0~S 1,:1{,ris~ . 1 On r, "' ' You cen ,,,,,crt ssnr"'ld t½."t · rrill 1,r•s Pr:'! r-ive'l "ull ,,.ei,,ht 1 ,re . 0 -"'ir~ ~rd ju t :'1. '11o,...i· g t'.',t yonr rrob- 1-:, 0 0 UPnt to [' ,"in tell yn:.i ' 1 0'"" c'e~, ly I arrr"'C~qt, ",re srl",'1did ;·cr1 : :·ou, ~•ell'~ ~ta·"'" anc ·our ~orJ s ' 1riv, 'on, on t' ~ Cassino ..,ront 11 11c1 ~r l"xtrP.r-el,:r t ~y:::1g corrl~ t io11:J . 1 1: 0 11 Todn~, :: n stec' Jl'in to c , t~ s~"l "f l ., cc-ulrl c i.rect h:.'...s Fr nch Corr s 1 i11 the c'ir ,c";ion f"f T"'"-"' 1 "!-'tl,occ1,,secc11, inster-r' of' .;n th, direction o"' :J.tt"IC ?" B l·onte-Ati"''l . I }1"V~ ius t m"'t 'H'1 Mr• r,o-qjn , ·nc1 re },qv~ P.rrn1.g"'C' tris . Py t--"'fort :is to conv~rc; tl·.,. F-r nc Gorrs , t 11~ II Cor,..," , Fr ,ybure; 1 s Corrs and the 10 Corrs into tl~e Liri VaJ.ley f'or P :'inal rune, • (See OD0r tions Instruction '11, nl1 ic will be publisher1 to""torrow) . 0 "I no'-r ly•ve •'ive corrs under ,..,y cor"'k'l:1d , 0·1lv two of v:li.ich r>re Arn9d cr·n, all othnrs o+> diff'0r8nt rtioneliti '"s • I t}1inv ''f1po1Pon wn.s rie;ht ·rJ,en he C'"'1e to t 1e conclusion thP.t it was better to ::'if,1-it Allies thl'in to h=~ 011.e of them . " * * * FR"';,S'RHZf\. ~ro--F ~BB.TT-\R-l 5, 19/i/4-- In t e rnorni"lg Gen9rPl C:l"'r'-: ·rent by ;jeAT' to vi sit tli.e Co'1I'1anrl post of' tl-ie 34th Division r-it Serv2ro anc1 gPi'1'3d a +'irst hn.nd .:def' of the rro/7:r'ess o-r tli.8 brittle "or Crc:sino . Troop'> of' tre P3rd Infontry bve reo.c>1Ad the outs\:irts of tt ci to· m but ri.ro m0etinq: bitter P nd det0r,.,,; ned resi s tPnce from the Gerrrns rr o r-re dug in in th0 tovm . On tl e road U:e Ganer-1 net anrl t al1 :ed for a ·vhiln FHh Ge 11erel Yeyes 'Tho h0 hrs directec1 to re- group his forces as decided in 'Teste ·driy 1 s co 11:f'erence , puttinrr the 30th Division in north of Cassino to tri. 1re tre ,-1ountrin Vir-iss trer,3 . 1 ::;:n the rtfternoon the '1'1n"-r 0 l rer1dned <>t t½e ccr.n~r· d ro""t, c isr-,osj11.p; of r-id rrinist~at:lve 1"1a·\,t9rs . The Qqnerl rietermined to flv to /\.:"lzio i11 tre M.orn:inr- rind tissure M.nself' thrt th-i•10's fl.re ,:i;oi"l.g rrorPrly ti,0rc . I1:1 the n"'t9rnoon re went by jAer to the 3Rth 1.~v~cur-tion Por;pH::i 1 , · h<1re he visited m;:iny pPtirmts wounded on the Cn.ssino f'ront i'1 recent or9ratio-1s . At rlinYJ. ,r J-,0 0ntertnJned Lt . Col. Wood , r.:o,,:,Pnd 4 y; (V'ficer o-r the ''103ritrl , Pn<' ~hree of h:ls of'ficers , togethPr "lith t•r . & Trs . tltev0nso·1 of the ''7eric"'n Fed Cross . ()r,erntior,s Tnst::1uction 1tl/1- wc1s i '3sued toc'IPy ::i.nr' is 7Hoted b~lo.r: �1. Upon t 11e c11ptuse o;-~ GA,)cTfO J-,nj_ghts Pnd the occupr>tion of n bridgehead j n LJJU V::- Uey sonth of Ci' S 1rro, Ti'i +>tr ArY'ly on the G.A.RJG-LIAJJO-~./1 I IDO front continues tb~ -ittn.ck to the north '-''1.d .,,.,orth,vest . 11 9.. F,.,ench "':'T;ed:i tj_onPrv Corns , cons· r:tinr; 3d Alp;erj"'n Divisions , :.~einforced, will: 0"" the .,nd :!orocc::m and (1) Attack to the ·rest, within i..ts zo 11e o-" Pction , riwJd np; its r1n.in e,:,"'ort aloni:; the m-,'P.-SIJ,1';-n()CG ~ crr,;ccl\ tY'a il , seize RO"iGA. '3ECCA A.riri the high gro1mr east o.(> the '"Alfa River . n tt1e~ d~_rectfo·1 of ATrrA. (2) Cont~nue pr9~s1,1.r0 (3) Vin.int<> in cont"' ct ..;j th F:ishth Arri:r. 2• II Oorrs , co11si st.; rig o.c-- tfle -~/4,tr nnO 16th Divisions nnr1 Combc't Cori1"1P'1d n'9" , 1st frrnoreCi I'iv, .... 9~7.+'orced, 1ill: (?) Assi,.,t t 1e "ey 7.ef"l'\11Ci Co1~·r:,s jn its cros2111f" of tbe B..t} IDO and debonc11•--,ent "nto the LITIT V"lley. (3) r";ubseriurmtl~r att13clr to t}-•9 r1orth"est vri trin its zo'1e of' l'ction. c. ,Jrr:r Ze,-ilrmd CorDs , consistina; of' 2d 'Tew Ze'"land anr L,tb I"1dfon DjvisionB, r'3~n"nrced , '·rill: (1) A<,<,enblG -in the "T TP.C'(!CTTIO fl.re:> er'>t of tre R!J IDO . (?) Be '"'repnrec, on Army ord0r, to debouch into the I.I11I Vr:i lley, t}1 ro 1 1_r,h oleri1ents of IT (!orps, 8.'•.ri rn0k'y ~ts rrin e+>fort n.lo,1g -.;f"-;[1','l['Y 6 attac 1c to t},e 11orthwest ,-,ithin its zone of act·o11 . J)R"lS ,d. 10 Corns , consistir,c,; of' the 5, 1/i, ".11r 56 Divisi.o"'l.s (less 168 Pr:i..g) vrill: (2) CC'r stP 1 ljr-ht forcAs , r:1n..;nt1=dn cont..,ct vdt rand .; n tJ...e direction o+> 1-,vw IA. 1 J2i'1P" (3) rrpo"1 cnrtw·e of' 7 GTO"P.GIO bo prep['rerl. to the nest 1:1nc1 '1o.,...tr"est . (netr ils 1 rter) . 011 th,=,, 9neriy on the Arr1y orrer to e:;.,..,,.lo:t �U+) 11 !~ . l rotect le:':t f}.[1n}r of ::'jf't'- Army. +,"l"'l Iristructio''.'3 f'or coorr1in"tioYJ. c,f ['rtillerY f':ires 11ill be isr:ued sep- nrately. " * * fR.,,'"'F.'•IZAJJ0 --""'-;:9".U~'R.Y (, , lr:J!i/4,-- Gem:rA.l Glnr 1 " 19ft f'or tJ-i9 be.,chherid h:r C-/+7 from l"arc;;,nir;e Pirroy,t, to ,-,l icr h9 flew 1)y ~ub . Fe "'PS accor-r~·ni0d ')y Crrtriin LRmrso11., 'r· . Peach, c;ergennts rolr1en An' ~;uitte:1-nen anc1 triA frdtbful ,J~rg1;ant Chr,ney. Jn thr:, rlane '7ith the r.,rty there also 1ent G,~nerr,l Brpc,shaw rn/ his 1:1.ide, Lieutenent Re'1le'r, a.:nn ·~a.jor Ross, of the G-1~ Section. 1 Soon Rf't0:r- arrivii:1i:; Pt tre .,,j +'th Armv A1'w1 nce Crrrir>Rncl fost r>t AYlzio, G9vie1 ral ClPrk c enPrtnrl to visit VI Corrr--, 3rd Divisio'1 , 7-st :9rittsb D:vision, 1st rmorPr Divi:--:i_on a'1a the Speci~l '~nrvice ..,orce, T'r:,turnj•1.o; to hi-c:; comfl['nd rost jn m~d-.,+'ternoon <>-"ter rriv:i 1'"' dj,c,Fsed t)113 sjtiction vrith the vrrious COl'll"!Pnr18rs o+> t 1 ,e'V3 1m~ ts r>ncl "1emb9rs of' tJ-,e5r st8 ffs . At 171. 5 G(m--ir" 1 Clic-rk clrove by jee to thA VI Corrs co,~~"nd r 03t "rl---erA he hE>d d:l nner ;7ith GP:riciral'1 Lucas and Feiser, rP.tllrn1'1r to } is corrr.f1nc1 r,ost pt, riooo rours . 0 T'ris AVG"l-ing GeYlPral Clarr receiv d th9 -"ollorjn,:,· s:itu,-,tion rero·~t on the \ Gn.ssino ,.--.ro11t +>rori G0neral Grwmtrer . E~; 1533 . "H9RVY f-i .c:;hting c011tirn19s in the Ccissino nr8n . 115 P,e.aimeYJ.-1; ~s ner:.r "':C''11 stnry·. :1_;7c"er i-,~s hopes of surrounding it thfr aft9rnrovi . XeyRs esti.,, tes ti.~t 1/, Tlivi'1ion ,-rill not be strorP, eno11p;h to t,R1:e Cnssj_no nn-1:,il trr-o-r;:; ;n Tere 1 .l8 RT"lr Cf'n be relieveil rm' tJ:,ereby ( be f'r9e to 13c;sist i·1 Gassinc, "rer nttack. 3(, Div~ sion "'trrts relief' i·'1 Terelle areri toni P,ht . Frenc'.1 sector ,7uiAt . A-',r reports r Jtrn:1 rby. Res11lts rill be 1movm l nter . ()" e:i 11 wi 11 ry~et you oq30 :'on,l2v r,orniric- . ll 0 1 0 1 ThP /\r ;' Corirr1nnc er to,1 rY recejv 0 n P P1r>mor nc1nn from 1,~, G-/, rointi11r out tre crjti~Pl slortP~8 i·,1 prruTm~tioYJ., r.<'t1o"S qn,1 "'1:ir·oline . 0-" ec:r--:;cinl note is the -"pct t:>-ir-it evr enrn tuT0S of cr'1T7Ul1ition "l!''-3 now res+,ricted to ?5 T'OU'1c1S p dRy poncHnp- tJ-,e Prrivc1l_ of ,'l ,,rec;;:iJ_ sh-"r,nent Prom the tT . S. ,r:rich is :1ched ilecl to 2rrive i~nrc'1 1rd . Ge'19rrl G1Ar 1• t',~s riftr-rnoon rl;spqtcher; ti,e :'ollo·I:ivi~ cl"ble tc G-e'1or~1 Gru<>nthor . R r '"J5.S2 . n:-rnrn i:1,::; 8Cter1 entirA "ro'1t, iric7.udj:nr '"', 50L"th, 1rd, /~5th , 1st \rr,or9d rrrl 7.c:t Brit~sh Divis 4 o-'1s. •ro Pct'on torlr-iy. · :i+urtion i:ipr9rr, to be ----rirlr,ell in rPnC -,i.th th;n srotc; bet•Aen ~:cm·cott A.DC' }enne~r. '-ipd not rtrlizec'l Y1ur1½Pr of' Prtj-tp11-1 • P,l:'.1S lo"'t ½y Jenne" • ThBSR rrnnt bf1 mr de up i•1rner'-i_rtel' 7 • A"! cr w·1 -1cerl_ -'-,i-,~t, ·re T1u~t c-et in rnotber Br~_tisl:, briri-,,r'e p:rour or TTn:i_tecl :t~tes c"nk·t te.?m, rr9f9r 11ly t' e -"or 1 er. TH s ''l; 11 ;1'1r;0 i t 8 more 7 ·,ui)sf:.a:rit:i.nl c e,~en-:e l'lP"P inst a stroYJ.P' a ttr c '~ P -ric• ~; ve us •7or0 n "·"'9'1 si ve ro·--er lpter. e ""U"t hrve :>rotl r l.'55 PUn b<>-':,t~lion. r;:'ruscott "'11ort ?/.,,00 nen. 111 rossibl·'"> .-,+,"-'r2 ru.,,t b9 tr 1:en t0 9Xp9d~te th3ir rrriV''l h'1r 0 , j'1cludi'1f YO'tr investi,,.etion 0f seri":inp; th8n -in b" d_r +,rnns:-iort, r-erhn-rs ?O f 7 "'nes ~ dey each ri-i1•i"',[l' t ro 1~r:i:-s rt ~.,,tArV ls. re~~i.-nr"' thi" j s not } r,:,ctic~l_ . r-rrv0 <"1 ~c-nsed "ifi1.l,tenn:rce ,·it 1-i D 1C'rsa l"n o-1:,h"'r"', ~ri/ ·e rre crnvincec1 \78 C, n •nint:-i.in these 1 1 0 1 �a0rlitio11Al unit'>. r,:;_~11 "'t, Y•ust be T11:-1.r1e "VE'il"'h1"" for th"'>Vi "rid for th,,dr "c'ded 'orley '1Ri 1.ten"'nce. rJill r9turn 1-:iy C-/"7' 1,_y"J~no; r0r0 ,,t 1000 hours tor-10,,,ro 7. ~Oll C ec \r -for ""'-i P:hter COVP,r • n has heen inf'orm00. 1 1 * :rn ;c-rFZ..A."'0--..,.e:BR Tr.RY 7, lq/v"--This nc.,,.n:'ng Gen0r11l Cl"r 1 lnft his Anzio cor~rnP.11.rl rost by j er, in thn c"Jmr"'ny of' Colonel Fu0 nleston, VI Cor.,.,., --;urr-eon, Pnd visitr.:id the sSth, 03rd Pnrl. 95tri BV"ClJntion Hosr;tn:..~, t"l1 r:i11.1?' to m'ny Vjftr Prmy solriiers rho :b d b':3en 'ounded i11. r>ction dur-i 11.p the 9,were f':: ghtino; in the i:rr;Giz~ c re~. r 0 "4:9 hrd S1JT1T'J011.8d Gen9rel rnr11<"'cott to '"')';0t J.-,jr, rit the ::.irrort, nn iu"'t before leaving t11.e f'-ieP ,~i'1.nod on <1011c,r'l Tr1 rcott 1 s jricket tre f\ist'ni:;t.11shnd <:erv-ice Cro"'s. '1en0r"'l. Clrr', '1ric'l 1':no ·11. of t"is ,"'·nrd +-or"' 11.u:nber of' c1riys but S"'Ved tl-ie act1rl_ r--,,.esfmtrition ·mtil hn -f'el +, +,} <>t i~ ''oulrl de, tre n·ost r-oorl. Gennr[' 1 'T'rtl"'Cott hP'i bAeri. snm0, 7h"t n9r,rAsser, '·w +,} 9 l_0'1S o+' +,"A two Pr:inp-or Batt9 lfors r>ncl, ."""'to-r ,,.:vi11rt J-,jr1 the Cross, Gr;n9r::>l Cl...,r1· tc·ld l-i'm 11.e thought J,i~h1" o·" ½i"' n-~on ,·rorl• r11r1 11ro-An l'il'l t,n P-o b,,c•- "'1.C' n-iv9 t,11_9 G,rrr"'11.s ri be..-tinr,. The Ge-11Pr:--l f'le"l bric 1: in ri~ nl'l.YlP, to ~··rci""l~S"J "h9Y'9 he "'PS n10.t b~r flrjor [..,_l1rer 8.nc'l rP.+,,rrn9r{ to } i.'1 coM~,r,nd rost lr cub, "rriv:::1,,. ,.,t Pb"ut 11 O. E9 ')11.tertri ined •r11 -io:r G9rnrf' 1. ' c '.j"1.l1on j'.l.t lnnch. Yn tli.9 :ifternnon tr9 G""n"'r,;l r cA,v '4 ,, cnll :'ror" G9W-'l'.'C,_ V,syes rnd oyr,lnined t0 1 1~..,, C"ref'ulJ..,r ,r},..,t hn ev-~"ct,•"d o+' r:- Corr.,. TTe to]rl th0 Gpn_crrl trrit re 1mew tl e troors 0~ ·•,h~ lL,t' ~11(' l\t11. D5vi-,ions VJ9-~ Prnrl o.f' Touc', -;:-· r,1,t~n,.,., bnt he S"id tl- e '3/<J'lP, '"Jfl s t.,..U9 o+' rll ::'ifth t l'T'JV troc,Y•<"'. F9 tolr' Gr>nrY "nl Ynyns r,ot to ~,orrv .bout tr 1ri•r Fiednont9 1,ut to cr'1.C9"'t"['te O"' trki11."' t11e ri-;11. g1"onncl inmedi"t"l:r north r,f C<F·sino. T;if,J.-, th~~s crcint,1r9d, t},9 cro"s of t e Ro··ido bv the '>:ri=i.cr-;er 1·'orce i--itc tli.e Vri Vrllev b9lo'7 Cr-;;:;i·10 "01 1lr'l be !'.Te"'tl:v- fec-i".;tPteri, anc' tbe IJ Co;•--f' "10·11 -J. !lP7e :=i.cri0verl i+, i· T'!P.di::ite l'li sion. Geriel"'l Gln~l nt,,rta-inAd Ge'1.r>rPl ·nr:=i.11., thA Ar'1.y 3·iannl ('-l"'ficer ""er dinrer. 0 0 0 1 0 t1 i S 01 0 1 Th:_s -ft8rnnon General Clark c ictA.ted the follovri"lg natAr~al fer ;'1.elusio,~ 111 nir.ry: "'JisitAd Anzio brid~0ree..r1 , est0rc1 n • "'nd SfP.rit tr,, d· y visiting all forward units nnrl c'iscu•:ni'1.n- tl-v'.3 s1tu.,tion ·•:'tb COT'1"1Pc'1dAr • Conc'.~_cerrr ') "111rroV<,"'ent hqs tPk8n nlpce 'n the r,e.,''-,,yy,jve ciet-u. • 'r ,l'Ae }-!r,n P1'9 '"i"l" JT8f"'r9d - the pre,e11.t f'ro"l.t 1 in°, t,}•9 . '1.tc::r"18di te 8.11.'1 t,ly, C"n£ 1, tl P, l8ttar 1y,~inr: ,-,,i nerl f'""ld prnp<1r":lc'l -,;th bn1~hed ---ire. "':-c, '3rd J~.Vi'"'it'n ""> n;et,e,"Ylf" '°'trfiahten:,;d out, ,.,,lthourth it ,s thin on its ''lest ..c,1ri'1.1 . r · "It ··s rinly after -':,"11-~YJ.P ·ith GA:1,PrA.l 1enYJev thrt T b0.,c;r11. ,~r: 1~r; u, ,0'" 0f t e lo<1ses li8 lnd usta-1~130 i_r try-i11.,,. to frctr"c.cite his 11 te,1t frc-"" t,br, --1riYJ.';er 11 • I J:y·cl '"'U·..,~este")i'.' tr TuCMl to ··ithdr~i,•r th"t sA.liPnt. Jeri-ney "'FIS rAluctrnt to do so becflu"e nf I l9YPn• er', jnf'J 1ence, trn l,.,tter hrvi,1"' "'e7.t th~t the "'1871l could 11.ot attn~'-. :'n.wt"'-r lo<;t rhcut 700 or 8rn '"191", 7 " tr,--. 1 - , 'P1.rl 11 '3iY-rou'1.C1 8r r'1.titQn1< l'.;ll'1S. :re S"er1,:,d 1uite cor,rlacent f 11.cl +'9lt tbrt '18 ..,,.,3 111:ite l_11e'cr not to '1rve 1o9t 'l •}olG b:rjrride. D:~cu.Jserl siturtio11. --ri.th r.;..-.~~es "'n'l 'Trrr'Jn11., rinc1 -it ~s a sou,...ce of srtisf- ction to 1-no r tlcrt tl,ose t•m .nhl0 co-m,.,,pnr1ers f'T'O -in re·n·,-.ve cJ1.'1 r-pJl~na t0rrotle3r. �HLucris nes not r:ro ~nt-:; detriil., . I 111'P-8d h;m to rl1:n"1n"te HFlrrnon rs his 'h.n .. llesty,o-rer rinc, 'T'qnl· O.f.'fi ':!<Jr .1..,0 c orcl7 '1Pt9 th9 11019 d0f911se . Fe rrr"'rently r''l'3 no '"'!Oh;le trn'· c'est,r1 -r9r un;t tc r 1 1"h ""ror-i '"'lace to Pl"Ce t:"3 thr' sit11rition rerpire" ; t . :r t,07.11 Lucris +,o use ~r"r1 shf1., 4n -t,},,-_,t co ··1n°ctic'1, +'oy, 'lnti- r>ircr~ft mms c::iri hr: used ; n an rintl - tfl'1l:: role . Al 7_ the o;non I .c;ot +'rom thAt su,.,.P-0,tion V-8.S p crihl" -<>ro,.,, 111.l;I to qf,mrl 1,;., an.oth~r 'lnti-8.;_rcr.-,f't P-1.m bc+,t,lion. I know it, r,r-n not be ~1p4nt. ;n90 4 n t 1y,t rire"' . It rou:r1 1Jc e~si!"Jr to send hil'l a ':'D Dr>ttPlion , and I P!"'l s,r-i:1cHng h 4 'f'1 t 1·m C0"1"r'rni<;"' '1'1'1 r>10tJ,nr hatklion of 155 ~uns for co mt0r-battery "rJor • A.r-i '1.lso r:etti>1p; r 4 T"' hi3 rerl,,c0rirmts ~mm0dirt9lv 8.nd setti"rJP ur +,'·0 ·"i,-,.,.t co,..,,brit +.erim o-" the R~th rnvi"'ior>· tr r,c 4 ntr -'.:,},9 bridP"0h0ari . 1" 1 1 1 11 Dur~--i~ mo"t o"' :resterdP.v- ,,..-..t".lrnoon tbor0 vnc; lo11r, r-:inrr9 r:hn 7 ljnr-• of the Anzio- 'Jettu.no flr9ri. , i·-icl,ir1 ; r>~ om· CO'"""'J, ·10 poc::t . ~ev9r[l l r;l ,-, , 1, 7 ...,11cled 4 n the comr~8:1.rl nost . A4 r r:!tion ..ms spor-:.c'lic , 4 r!clurl""l.;J' loF-level bo"'l,J7YJ.g flttr-c 1' in N9ttuno t1-i;s "10rn.;.,,,g , destrov;r1 r;ev'3r!11 P"'lrnun"tion truc 1·s r>'7.d C"'ls:ina C"SUPlties . Visit0rl '3St•1 anc'I q5th r•vec11.r-tion i{os-ritrls , "9lec;s0 rinQ •.,uer r sr0ct~w~ly, end t8l 1rer1 ,·th tl e ,.,r,m,fod . 0 0 rriP.et ~,e p+, 4;h~ 8.ir+"'" 8ld nt o0 LS in orc'ler -:.o c'H 'C 1 1ss lflst- minute rn~~o+,t rnd a fr; 17 c-+' his ,,t,:,f'f officers rres0:r-rt ~ncl finned the Dj_qti·1 ,; hed ...,PrV" 0e Cross on ,..,ru'"'co+.t . 117 Tpr1 T uca, detai ::' s . T-fr1d t:rnhe nlaht wes ;_~et.J1n:·~ r0c+,; c, +'or ·re h...,d r0~9jy9c7 , fron rT'es11~,...,bl7 T'Ol i"hl9 so1rces , i'1c'ic-.:"ti0ns o~ "'n all-out a+,+,..,cl• ti,; ..... o,:-ni..,_,..,. _ -t r'irl rot r'evP-lo;, '111.t t,"o 'lrn"~ 7 er 11tt11c1-~ r1 ev loy,ed rhrri.nrr tl-ir; 11~ r, t on tl 0 "'ro11.t o tl e l S7th I'1.-f'r-.ntry <inrl 0-1 thn +'r 0 nt nf th~ 1st 1'.1r.;t:i,1-i Div"-;ion . :30+,1 •,nrq .,...0.,.111,ed . 0 ~ 'l'Y\f'3n.Y'ls . ' 1 1 ...,I" r1 4 S'l.fro··11.+,0d ;n tl-iP. flir ef'fc~t . I foel t.het rlerrnds c;ho1 1ld be nirde for t½.e ::i+,r.<>te ic h~mh0rs to h0 us0d -:n clo e b::1ttlefi,,,ld ,urrort; it ...,ny do snmo, gooc1 ti,9re, n.1tho'1P'h strPter,ic bn:'lb..,rr1m81t m' b0 c1 c~·1 so;~e r;cod h1 c ttjn17; :_•q-': l CC'J"'1rimicPtio,..,s, "or si X 'T\O"'l.ths 0'1 mY r,ro11t 1. t l1n S :not nr0vented the r>nerny f'rctm mov~ 1~ in addit 7on.n l trOO;'S p ni sur-cl:1 8S fl. t , d 11. l "Di -rect 0 rl. rrr ri.clir-:in0e co...,, 1 a11.d * ost ')O "lC''•c,d t0rlay. n * * PK,c..r,:~nA 1 TO-- 1.:9RF'RY q, 191+/j,- -Genernl Clnrlr sp=mt the dry rt the CO'""TTJRncl rost in conferen.ces ":i th v<>.rious ~•:me1~.., l o.,..""'icers 11nc st1-1 ff offi.cers . Fe j s suffer_i.np- fr0'"1 a. verv ½nc. cold r,rr1;rrv:-:ited by hi~ eino; ur ell njisht O'1 his lP-st visit to the 11enchhead. 1 rhen tre shellin~ 1-:as co-n_tinuons n11d heRvy . He '7r>s visited to dn.-r by Colone l DRly of the 16th r:v11 cuation Hospital ,.. ho '{"Ve him thA necess,- ry treatJ"11811t . 1 Gr 1eral 3.'.'. v::Ule , Co":·~prd. · ''11 the XII /\ ir Sur-rm~t , cn..ne in ancl r'li8cussed the . lnns -"or !15_:;:- su:rrort on tJ:,e main ""'ro11t and tre bel'chhead front . 1 Gener,,l Tate v:i sited l}e'1.8rnl Cl11r -c and discusser1 t:he amrmnit ion situ,,tion) It had alread;,r ' ee>1 necessar;r to curtA.il tris rA.te of fire of' 155'11ITl ;rowitzers , l"lncl now 105mm 11rnmunition 8.frenred to be setti11.7 s1-0" t,- n S3rio1 7 situntio1 , R) �this aTI'7unition is used by the direct infn.ntry sunnorti'1.g battrlions . At JJ.30 General flexanrler , G9n~.:::--rl Fardj'1,..,, ris Ch;ef of _,fa.ff , ~nd Gener['l G<J.,..,r1ell , Gnnernl r;1son 1 s Gh;_ef of 3t<J.f.r-, ce~ri to c8ll on GenerMl ClPrk. T1'ey djsc,1ssed the rlr>n'3 for th0 rrospect·'.ve em loyment of' tre vrriou'> corps y-,pking up the Fifth Arrriy, ,ri th r8rticulnr refer'3nce to · t)y~ F-w1 Ze" l<>YJ.d Corrs under G9n9rc1l F'reybu.rg ,.,hich is ri1701 1t to go into Pction. After o,J.<-cu~sin'?; the stubborn defense the Qgrmnns w~re putting up in rnrl ['ro ind C2 ssino rmd the wer>r:i.ness r>nc'l derletion t 11£1t ''rere ::f'fecti:1g the 34t}-> Div"sio11., it "ff' clec~ded thPt t]:-,e di·~posi tio"ls of' the :e•;r Zealand Corpe, would he cr:inr·e0 so 8 s to 'ut .f'resh troors jnto ) the Cassi110 ?ttaclc. The 1/,.th Division is to '"J8' relieved in jtg :rresent nosition b tl,e 4th IndiPrt Divisfo· ''Thier "rill continue tl'e rresent attr>ck of the 34th . The 34th i ill h0 displaced "lo ~t1· 1arrl to the rj -;l-1t of the 4th Indi".n . The fow Zealnnd Wvfoion Pill continue in its r,ositio'1 at the '.1ead of t11.e Lfri Vrlley rerdy to push ',estward thro 11gh thPt corridor . 1 0 0 :'ollo"d11o; t! is co11.fer<:mce, G2nerP 1 Keyes r>nn Ma ..,e ··ut;'T Cr-i ef of Jtpf'f , Lt . Col. forter, stopped to see G81'1"'.,..l11 CJ"r r .,-1d briefly r'-iscussed t},9 -·ror:res"' o: 10 Cory-,s 1n its Pttac 1,. on C,., ssino nc'l tJ.,9 hi f"l- r;ro mcl controllinc; :20 1t9 '1?; beyo"ld 1 1 0 1 1 :tt . rnoday Genr;r<1l r:i.-,r 1o:: '.'lr"'l , ~ePtl;y cc11cernr>d to "..ef'rn th:ct t e GPr'72.11s b&c' h,ribed thP r:istr. ;vric'1rtion rosp-itn 7. w~st9r, ":r inst pfter he ly,d left the be::chhePd end A½out three ho1 rs rfter 9 h d loft tre 10s1-'tal. Colcnel '"uer ,,..,d been wo1r-1c1ed, 0 3 pff•·· so'1S "rir1 1,9e-n '•:i lled, · ·,0luc'l ir~ r 11 of:"-: Cl';~, three '1Ul'se s, , Red Croc;s fJ'--'_rl, ')Oy ., corr-s r1en Rn.cl r"t:rmts, /1'1C 'S 0 .-.c1 been ··01.,n.dod . Th=i hm b b'.d 1 fa 7- 8"' on t 11 9 JTos1 5tri.l r0criTl"rters' 'l 1 1 ' 'v,s--' r ec ·H,0 , 03"1 O'n f'3l'S0'-'1f'9l, m10h of the l osritnl "'1uirT'1e11t, -':11cJ1e'·,,,r; "{-ra.y i.'1~t&'1Pticr"', ra( b0e-r 'estroyed . 1 1 11 1 0 1 1 Toc1 n.y +/10 t rmv Comriander rece:i ved tr e -"ollo-rri_r g 1 e;t ter -"ror'l tre GOC, 'Jew Zenlrnd r.:orrs, Lt . Ge·1. F'reybi1.rg: :~"bl5sJ--,:h.p yoiir letter ::n fl ... recir>l rrr r,r tc •\11 rr,-,lrr (\.c> t e 'J9rr ZeRl/:nid no:r.,· s . I 1 .1 'Your wn-,,,, riessq gP o: · ·e 7 cc · e n.'1rl ,...ood --fishes dl:'.. 1--ie "'10 re. d uitJ--,_ a sen,·e of ;r"r1.e n.11r' E:fTreci~ tio'1 l)Y ev,:iryone . 11 1 'l"l 1 11 nsince "Te r·ave bee'1 }19re no l1'=ive seen your brttlefields ,..,., s0~G f'f t1.e "if'"ic'tlt-Le--: :rm, h·we ha.d to f'pce . VTe re1"life VThr.t the 'UV, f.rr y h9s r-crjeved, pnr'l tre C "fic rs fTr' 10 en of tl1e Leth Indio.11. Divis:i 011 rnrl the 'Jnd ·re~J ~8/llrnd Iiv;s1.011 ·1ill bP r,roud to f'ii:(1t elonr~side the Arericrn, :::>ritisb r'1d .,.rench troops under your co,.,,;1a'1.d . I '70l'l<' also 1~1(8 yo1 to 'enc ro---r much we r"v0 ap1 rreciated t. e "riencly cooperrition and helr ·e iia.vP hr.d from your sk f'f Rnd ;11 t"'9 :."'ormntio'1S 17itr vrrd ch ·,re hP.Ve been i.n touch . 1 0 1 w 'e hore thrt , ·e -rill be f'l:JlP, to plri~r -, 11seful part i·'1 tre di""'icult bFttle lies ~1!T·~c 8h8t:\C~ . f! The folloir-1_ng cr>ble, .'J ;,011, vr s received tod?y .(>rorri E'2 P.Cl'F: ."r- r;r.rc has c.ecicJed tr,.,t -if' ::=i. recisio11 on l'i.,,th y ni1 in front c, nnot be ~btri11ed. 5.~ ·1 ny <::_th9r ,.,.,r-r 'ie ''lill .,...:ui('r'1,r 71 Divisio'1· ,"'ror, l::ighth Army n.nr use :it to r9in'.orce '.ew Zen.l1mcl Corrs. As already arranfs"d by ~i~l,th .Army, 7g I)jvj 11 �1/ sion -rill t!1ere;fore be kert ot '21~ hours notice to !'1ove to Fi·"th Army ,-1r0° Pnd. nll"ns will be coF leted flt O'1ce to e'1f'bl8 such l:'. move to t~ke rlr,ce R.'> '"l 1 1ic 1 ·ly as -cossiblo j f orrler9c1 . To rmsure 70: Div:sion is fully in touci1 •ith •r.z. Corps pln.,..,_s Cor1d 7g Divisio"1 rind :recce ::-,,rties will report .z . , Division C{eedr:n1rrters <>t G qc~o1 '30 errliest rossibl8 IJ'll.(1 ·i:!..l th9r9r.c,tcr "'K'l.int in closest touch ith situ tion on '\Z. r:orrs front ,o th t the '1-ivic,ion crn be emplo;ved if.:' required .,~th lenst rossi 1 lle c1eleY. '~ighth Arriy will sif718 l -~TA N. Z. Divisio11 r;:eadaur.rters of Co,.,,rl rnd recce pcrties 78 ::Ji.vision . crm h::,c: also r1ecided that .:my 1.tlditionrl stE1P-f or sianr1 l rerrniren:mts of T Z. Corrs ,-ill be . Y"\et es 2 t0T1pc-,rar;,r meesure fro'TI -.ifth Cor'"'S r1 rind sipnrils. :?F'th Army w-I.11 noti y rll sucb re1 lfrerents to thi~ i:.r'1. who mill ..,rrPn[:r:i for ~revision c'irect with Fifth Corrs 1-::eepi11"' -:1 O'hth rmy f illy i 11-t>or·w~c . tr T 0 0 0 1 * }R SE'TZA.' 0--F~BP..lTAF.Y 9 , 194!;.--Gener~l Cl:ark spent t},e d'\'T Pt hjs conm nd ~ost in a series of ccn+'erenc,1s . GcmerA.l r,:,y 11r,,. ·i th a number of str ff o ficers , errived ot 1030 r ric1, ·rith GP.118rc-ls CJ.rr 1r rricl Gruen·~}-ir.r, rl:Lscussr:id nt lenr:th tJ-1e qission o.., t'1e 'Ten ze..., lri · 1d Corr s fl'1'1 t.re arr,.,nr:rments -"or er:rrloyine; it aro,md Cassino . Gener;-,1 Fn:-iy',urg , rmon~ other th~rn;s, e::s, ,ressed sc'ne arpre hensio:ri thPt the TTJO'1-" st8r;T bvj lrlin,~s ·ould , e used by tre G-9rmrns "'ncl "'t"ted t):,nt in ris opi'l.~on , i ~ J19Cessr.Y''y, the r s½ould b': ')lo'm do '1 hy artill'3r.r +'ire or hoT'!k.rdnent . Gen0rFl Cl,.,rlr decidecl to P'~Ve him ri written directive to tr..e effect thnt if in his judgment milit"r" necessity rlictated it, he wes erected to fire on tl e p10 11.rtster1r 1,uildinf. 0 1 ) After Gener"'l Fre~rht.1.J'.'f, h<>d t2lv:Ad for ~on, t-:r,e ,,,tri GPn9r"l Clr-rv- jn his vDn , G9nerf'l Vrevburg "ent to t;l·ie conf'erence hut nhere n long coriversr-ition W"S hAd bet !Veen General Fre r1mrg ::ind his stnf:· orf'icers ;-,nrl treir corresrondh1.g Fifth Ar-y ster'f o-l>fic8rs . I·1 -:.J,o T")eant~nie, G9ner"l Clrr 1' in his V"11 rec•~ivarl the nembers of a 'J9tt1P.rbnc1 s Armv mi c:sion vi:=dting the bA.ttle+'rorit - r '1.,j . Gen . Phnff, Colonel Vnn Der F- l ssche end c---..tr in Dr-dtenstein - to(J'eth'3r ,. ith e. TJnited >tPtes acco-mpAnyi.,..,_F: oc>ficer , f'njor Rr>nc1 olnh . AL'tor trese c::in-..,er9'1CeS , Generr J. (;lrrk c' pn in Ciscu.::sed the 1)ric1 p;ehorid sit,rtion with Gen9r"l l}r-1enther . Tri-=3 G rnrins Pre nttrickinc; 0Y1. th0 rirlr;r,hePd in SC'~1") norce, £'nc1 '}rrn0r"l Clnl", is nrrt~c,ilrrl:r desirous of r;ett··nr, <'ll the air support rossible , not onlv +'or -'ts r3sults on tr.e Q9rr1Pns but becriuse of the ' oral_ supr,ort ~;1 ,j_cl -it '"ill. f;~'lO to c-ur troOJ'1. ':'o h lr ::-ttr>in tJ--is (1'1.d, be invited /}e'19r~1 ;. v:il_le to ta1 :e lun~J-i ·-ri+, ri·1 rnd Gevinrr,l Gru9nther, nr,d at l_unch YFJS verv emrl1ritic rith G0·1er:0 ] ,2ville o'1 tJ,e necessity of' i"'lmedi~tely suTPrnoni·F; the '>trri.tegic Air Force tc, riic' i_·1 tr9 brttle r>t the br~ dgr:ihend . Generc l C1Rr1? srdd t}-r,t re lrn8W V""rY 17el.l tirt concen.t,rrtiors d' G-;rrn.an troors "nd r1Pteriel "ere not trn,'iti.cri:=il targP.ts f0r t 1-e _;tr"te-;ic Air Force but thrt 11t tre rresent ti,.,1 0 bnmb<'.'rdnent of ball- be£>rin(J' fRctories or r<'.'il junctions in the nortl:i of Ttaly hAd no 9ffect at 1111 on tre bridf,ehead battle . The nermRn troo s \ were 8.l'~CJRd'r jn tJ,9 'er>cl,heP0 11re" , l'.nd t'~•"'li.r e1uiprn9rit vr, thr,r8, rn/1 -·t WPS tre Ge11nrc 1 1 s r es~re to cnncentrat0 every "V<1il"11le .?jr bor1brrdr1ent resource, h9t}v"r str"te<;ic or otb0r ri-;e, OYJ tPrget"' within th9 ~11z-:_o --ren . Ge118r ls G:ruenthnr ;:i11d S"ville sr,~d thnt they ···Are hendinfl' tbeir effort-: i-ri tl'.nt dj_roction . Ganer,l Cl:ork r<;re,-,ted t rt -1-,1,e ;-r,ntter 17"S e:xtremol:17 si.,.,,nle in his ;11ind; re siriply ventod f'l] qvril,,hle 9.ir -..o·rel" C"PCentrrtec'l 011 the Gcry,,r,ns i.n the Anz-i o b,ttle ;;,rea . 0 0 0 0 �A little l.nter in tl~e [':i"t8r100·'1 tbe Generr,l Sup:rort Co,,m.,Y1c tbnt t½i 9rK1 t'Pc'l berm P chieved . 1 VT"S ;nforn9d by the XII Air C" G0ner..,l Clrrk r't tl e clo~e o·~ the ,-:,fternoon ct~ctnterl the '..'ollo-:ing rend1u0 for hi"' r i ..,ry: 1 t 0 eno- HJ hE>ve b8en some'vhr>t .,-,0rtur x~d torfr,~r bv tre ne 'TS -"'rom the Anzio beP ch:heed . Gene::::-::il LucBs "ent I'lR the -"'ollmri"lP' message: 1Fressu:re 11,crei'tlst Prit-"c-;J. 1st 'livisio·1 cnntL'1u~n~ . Enr:my rP.Tortec1 at CR 873'3 . Sitiwtio•1 not cl'3nT and e:xect loc.'ltion of lin':l undeternin0d . ~ppenrs necessPr r to er:irloy e.rditional ~orce2 to T"Jrint::iin front . li11 keer you advisec1 . ~eriuest 811 avnilrul0 n~r in1d nr:v..,J suprort on nort rind north"Test fronts of sector . Request iT"L'"'!ed·i_pte r-l2ns 1)e niride for tr0 shipment o-1" P'1 <1dditionr,l jnf'11ntTy division Pt the eA.rliost rossihle ·noncnt . 1 1 11 1 rePlied as ~allows: 1101.1.r ?'18 received . Keep T1e -ro,:;ted O"l the sjt,urtion . I f'eel yon C"'n stop T'1ost "nyt1-,··nr '7ith the 35n t11n1·s you hwe . hen you r'?,uest ~ir , try to gi'-18 loc1.t~o11 and n"'ture of ts:;rr;Pt-, . 'e1cthP.r -n9rnitt~1,r , entire '-'-tr effort of' XII Air Suy.;rort TPct5 C" 1 and Str..,ter;;ic ,ill be concentr,.,ted on your front Thursdry. 'le h;::ive a.lerted 1 rr-ivy. } res1me ~rou ri.P'~e your rer:i. 1ests "or nRw 1 su1 :rort tr.rouc:;h Lo..1.·;r. You T"lUSt reri]:i ze tl e 1•• -r,r.,cticPbilitv of' 38ndin~ ;v-011 Pn pr'ditionPl inf211try di vision ..,t 0'1ce . Shipping, TT\f' i -1:.enr>nce ririd "V":.i 1r>bi litv o cliv~ sions .,re fn.ctors to be considered . I :1:-ive 01·dered this rl~te Another British briP,Pde group to irour front . Everv e-l"'f'ort vill be ,.,,,,de to e:x edite its R.rrivnl in your area . ~ wo 1lrl 3A.Y vou crin eJ'""lect it in P'lou~~ Le or 5 days . :::t · il1 b8 167 Bri<;Pde fro"1 the '56th D-lv:lsion . Tbj 1 vdll r;jve -rou t,,o ri<?'F19s of tl1js divi,ion, and ,.,t .-1n e::irly dPtc I conld ""OVe in t'1e 56th D:ivision T-J:en.rlriuPrters . Keep ne posted on your R. )il-i.t7 to SUTP1' ac'ditioml troops. I PT'l "'till ';'11:inninP' on "'ending E'notl:or crrnhPt te,.,T1, 9itl1'?r '1riti h or Amer:l.crn , ::i ter the 167th. Ani "s1dn~ G r,era2- "c'"nhon to rw1r.~r 7ith yo 1 tenporf"rily to act :cs vo 1r ~)eruty. "'0el 1-ie will be of gre,.-,t ""'s-~stance to you . Fleese '"lo r",snrec1 of' mv comrl.c>te of'.,..ort to suTJrort :rou jn ever r no'1s;bl9 r.:r.v. I 11n19 ~ull cc.,.,r.;r'ence : 1 succec,C)f'ul outcoc-1e . 1 0 1 1 1 0 7 1 1 "He shoulr 1 rnon etter trPn to derrnd <inothor :'11.fflntrv divi~ion, realizing f',111 7e11 tl,nt co not 1F1Ve t½9 div:i sion, e~·cert t' ose t½Pt Ar8 tired "nrl comnitted to b~ttle; nor do I kwe tl'e sM.rri·1a, nor co11lrl it be .1r·i_ntd.ned loi;,;ic:tiCP' ly in t'~e 'JeP chh .ad . n In coming to t'1e cr'nclus;_on tly,t , Bri ti '"'h by,ir;ade p;roup sbould be <>ent, I vre~ p-hed crrefully th, Y'ARuJ.t<> on tJ·,e 10 Corrs A.tt,..c1: . Thrit corr" hr•s ..,,pr'e J.ittl8 pro'!ress, so t:c'l<inf; "'nothr=ir rio-,qc1,e fror1 it '"'roulr' m::iJre littlA c.iff9rence. It ~o 0·1t of the li Y1e , ~ nd, "'ccm~d1110- to the Chief' of Staff I s rerort (1'3ri.g?r3.ier Cooh~) H 5s in pretty cor' si,"T''1 . Ro.,,lizin" thP. implic.,tio11 o~ t.-,1dnp; this '!Jrjf;;:-de and its r9percussions 1 dt 1 lexA."lrler , I phon~d hh11 t0 +971 him of my decirion, rnr1 , l'l.lt½o 1~h it tno\:: him bv S1l.Y'T'rise, h8 ren(ily "gre':!o . I r"'l kkj11; tro ]_()7th Brigr,ce, "'or tri:i lfAth or the c,r-17e '56t1, ni.visio,, is ..,lr0"c'y :in t11e be,,crbe . . ThP.re.,d fore , I cr,n se 11c1 the 169th up bter , hi~', ,Jill 1 rt t 0 •·· ol9 rF vj "'j 011. ::n. 1 "Gwv,rn.l J\Je'"'ln( er rho11'"Jc'! TJI';) /1 +'0,,, m~nutes rwo , 1"r0SU."'1rblv influ0'1ccc' by Harc1 ino- '1.YJr ,fteT tel~:'..11g •·ritr "cCreer7, to t87l "'1e tlr>t he horied ':Y sendin"' the I �1-S?th in ;rs to renlnce i}1e :nost tir8d rme of t 11e bt British Division F"lC tbr>t, trerefore, only the rersonnel neec1 17,0 U;", tn 1ce ovnr t e 1st British l'ivision e:mirl"l9nt And thrt rerso'u"'lel come out, o':' tre berchhe?.d. I infornecl him thr-t this was ent:i:!. el'v contrrrv to my i'1r:ia'1 -"n•l thr>t I clirl not r-roro"'e to do jt thr>t vmy, th"t ~ ,-,as se11di'1g anotror bri.:-ade "'.rou:r up because I f'elt thnt I needed thf't extra i'1surance :in thflt aren. r,nrl thrt lrter, Hhen tre s-·turtion "lPS nell in l,;:ind th,:,re, I 1oul(l ',e P'lR.d to rota,te f8rsonn.Pl out o tho ½riclgehead. He insisted, rmd ::: strermously olJjecterl r>nd tol(1 thPt -· f rny of the 1st B:dtish rivisio11 wns to c0:"!A out of tlrie 1::Jr-ir:gAhe,:i,,d nor' : t ",ts ov9r I'lY trongest obji::>ction rnd thet he v1011l•' bnve to g-iv0 me rin order in ,•rr.iti-'1IT. ·re told ~ e tJ:,e British 1st Div~ sion W,"3 tired. I tolrl h:i'1 so the '<rd Division but tJ,,,t if the situPtlon f;Ot crit:i crl thRt all V:'nulc1 hr.v':l to +'i ;ht nri9th'or theY r:ot tir9d or not. I tnl0 l1im none o+' tl7 e troors '!ere OS tirec'l 93 tl1e French or t're :::r Corn, . :re also told me thrt h9 hPd cPlled 'cCreery, o- 'e of I'l7 cubordinntc co~··r·~-:ers, ,..,nrl ok 1d -my orrlors. I told H~·' thn~ I obiAct9d to thi", f'or I hrve tli.e Putbority, ns an Army Cor:, 1r11c'er, to i,sue the order th"'t I hrd c,j•ren . Fe r"h:)d for '19 to 1119et h-tm at ;1oon ~t r·ccr9ery 1 s VeridquPrters toTTJorro' • I 1 1il1 strenuousl1 ob_iect to b:ringi,1p- qny troo~s 0 1 1t o" tr'A l1r:ic.c;ehePrl untjl t1 P s 4 tu,..,tion :s ,.,,nre cl,..,ri+'ied there . I '1'"'\ [;orrv this (:iif'f'ere-0co of orinion l-i;:is l"r~se11, f'or it onl~r [lclds rcdition::il IO;~ric,s tn t'rie rwnv I pJ..:~e-"'1 Y lyv':l, ½11.t I 11il: rec:ist, "ith .?11 t\-ie energy I hrvo, 1-is co,.,,---;rnc i:r£; r.iy Ar'"!.y.n 0 1-,~, 0 0 0 F~-" 1 1 1 At q•)o11t lTlO GAn9r>1} ClrY•k 4 nform,:v' J:,is rideq ,~1,,:,t /1 trir to GenPr<1l 1 'cCrAery 1 : Feridro'JP-rtr>rc; ½y r,ub ·~as to ,e Elrrrnc·er.1 tre follo ,~--y, r1 "7r ~t 11c0n :n orc'er to r~rr,jt hh,1 to flttc.md A con"'erence l7~ -':.L Gener~ ls Ale:x-Hnder rinc' ·•ccreerr. Sbortly tl-ier1y1 "'ter, G8·•1 ')r'll -.- 0.m11-i tzer C'l 7 l'"~cl Q9n0r~ l Gr 1 1enth"'r ,J10 sr if tr•<>t 1 e Ut1('9rstoorl +,hrt +,be er '1f'erenc9 to..,orro'"' '"n s to 1,8 r r:, ln to ;,ett le +,},P, question ns to •h_et11,3r tr'e l'S?th Br~_p;rrle , ,0,,1 d rnr J_r1ce troors of' tl'e 1st Brit-L"'h Division or ',011lr' ')1: rin <>dn~tion to tPP"". G,.,ner"l Clr>-·11 • cr• 7 1":ld Gen0.r"l T--1'rrc1in~ to reF<::sert thrt 1 e hrrl m·i •e ap l: s m:'.nd th"t t 1-r:_s Pou1c1 b9 "'1 'rlrJjtion "'nc: -,,_ot r re1 lnce"'!0YJt . G:rriP.ral ".rr11r, "Tho -is no .1 rt the Fi i:-t,h ,\rr'ly !\dv<>nce ConnPnc F ost, sent tr8 f'ollowi:1P- cq_bl9 to G<:"erril Gruenther tor'":>r rer;"rc1~11p- t,h3 s~t,.1ntion on the fnzio f'r0nt: 1 m·. 051. 11 ""'119J11Y cont:inU•')S reM :r ,79r3•.1.,~e cr""~'1-t 1st D-ivisio'1. Th5s ,njt h"'S s1r''fer9d i1e~ V'"J losses, r nrl Corr"nder rer orts 1-Je c' n not holrl ~rese11t front. 180th Inf'rntrv i beinn; put i'1to lino 1J1:lt'YeAn 1st Div~ sion ri:rv:i lrd Divi -iio,,,, trkinr; over :r 0 rt of rresent 1st Division +>ront. ·-rrrrr:on will e""lrloy t"m COT'lfPnies 0i:- l:5_rrrt Pnd one ;)Pttqlion of "0rliu:1s this' r-"'ternoon to rssist on reestrblishing front in 1-st Div·sio11 sector. ~:verv effort ~1101 170 be 1'1'\M'e to 0-:r'3dite RGT o-;: 8Pth r-i,r:i,sion . T,on~ r"'DP'9 r,.,.t:111,..,r;r ' 1it ~nothcir "',1nu11;tion rlm1r Pt 1100 bonrs. 1' 0 G3n9r2l (;Jnr1r cnb]Pd 6r1P'lirrl ~>1nn;11r-J.vr1 ti j _ , ~ft9r'1oon, F'J 1143, thr") ·in,; \ jyn -"er t,l;,9 rrnT1rt st9--,,.. t~ l,911 to ,,-rc-v:i_de 'Y' Vr' 1 ,~m-~irA snrr ort f'or pj ft}, f rrn:r oper.?tions. * * �noon ~· itl'l Gennr;:,ls ~lexrn-v'er ['Ylr'l r~cCreerv ,-,t 10 Cor:;s re'lc1 r;u"rters at Sessri, ceciaec to flv ,-'O'T. to Car-;ert'l by cub •n1cl ccnf8r ,-,.;th C'r9n9r"'l A.lexrnder th8re. rre cen1Jrtcd +'ro"'l ·\hp '";"'" 71 C"'t\ -"i9:d 11ertr t "e '"'i ~~tl ArT"i.y Cor,.,,E>n l ! ost at Pbo-ct 0900.· . :t8 l"'nded :in the old 4'erriil.;nr ror'l .;n f'r0nt c,.c- t½,9 forJ'!ler Fifth Ar'"'ly for rarc1 Coram.., n,1 F Ost ,-, 11(' rirove Oo··rn t0 tr 8 c-=i c:t le ,-,]-,ere he i rnmer j ..- tely 'ient irrto c0nfer"mce ,,.;th Gen,..,rnl Ale:z::-'1cler. Genernl ra,-,r 1r1 s 0 1 ·rn notes t½is con"erenc8 follow: 0>1 = ' 1Th-ic; rnorn.;n--:..,. nhonec1 G,mer,.,1 Al8':"n'er, telljng 1~jM th,,t VIPS reluctrnt to ·-rai t ,mtil p O I cloc, to '17 'JCUS'1 ...,;th !'1"' U·e build-ur :i.n ths briclw hP,tVl. T d.;d tl~is h,c.n1we l ~,e.s relnctnnt to r2V8 t'~.," w,+,t9r di scussec with J"'P, before .. cCr8er7 vrl:iA'1 -'-,:,0, lA.tter h"d no+,'hi.,,_c- to rlo yr-ith .;t. J fle-' to Alexrnc1e:r- 1 s 1 Heerl'l_11<1rtr.;:rs on,' +,0ld rini, l,ef'o-,-.9 ·:rir"inr [')1'1 L8"'nitZ8T', 1 0 l unaltPrnbly I 'c!PS OF"OS.(' +,o ru+ti·1,.,. '1r.;t~.:::'1 51'.'>th Division 1"1"its .;nto t 1 e hrirl.ctnherrl ri:vl '"TithcrP'Ii"lr "''1 ,s111.r'l m::i.nber o-1: 1st Britisli Di,1isio·1 u,1-lts. 1'.:r~.,.,..9ntly 1'9 h d '"leen tl,e i sdoT" d1iri11~ t~·e 11-i __, +,, -"'or T 1"rd •10 dif-"-l r,ult•r -in putti'1~ ovqr =y 1 lrn. 'To dou',t L 0 "'1nitz8r 'ircl contr 4_',uter' to 1.'·r-rr1 -it. h '1n-:J:•eed to ·-ut ~n t e e-·1tire S'Stb Divisior :=pvi_ : 9PV'3 t"e 1st 1iT'; t~ sl: "'1ivision; tl-irt wo11lJ c::::ve r~e t-m P.ritish .,..,ivisio11s 4 11 th-=, hrid.gnlerd ,nr two /\meriCPn In.c,'ntry I,ivisions, r,1'1S :rarmon1s "ore<> !J.VJ." m~sc9llL.YJeous units . I sent the follovring rar :iocram to Luco.s: 0 1 0 1 RN 1816. ",fill senrl -~e.,,,r ·i. nr' er o+> S S Brit isl' ::Ji vis :.'.o"l M f'r st :1.3 sh:Lpring 7 is rvc1il:>bl i . TJ-,is :)-'.vis.;on :,.;1_1 then cor,sist of 167, 163 [inr: lSq Brir: c es. 1 1 c-ut o': 1 ere 'by tor1orro" 17.0r"irr; l'J7 1!'i1ar e "roup sho'11d be cor-rlntel,r lordec a...,,l .;r "Our ::incls by tomorroF 11.; <t}•t. 169 lr.; r-rcJe rrc~ :iv.; sion r..rerdrp1r:cters ,·::1.1:::. folJo-' it 7..'7:'19di,-,tely es en ft r,3-t,,ffns. •re "'ill '1..-,n 011 t'ro Briti3h In"A.:1.t'"'•r err +,,;o r~~':,sd ·t~t s Jryf'pnt::-,, Divi;:;·'.or, ~'1. 1)riclgeh8ac1 plus ·: rr.10'1 1S "o:---ce :nc1 in Pdclit~o'l to ,.,,.;sce11,meoue 'lni+,. I"' l_o?i;tics · -lJ: rqr-,'t, ~ ,rjll add i11""l.C 'l' 11,,· t,r ,~rJT"t1i·1d ,~ 0" the ::..st fr·1or1xl '. 4 -ri.r:i.on ~r;tVP'"" :~r.;:w",- " T n-f:e11.sivP. r>ctio--i. ~r '"'1lt rjr "),..,..ort on 70lJ:' ~r,,nt todPI • • r8C1U'"" Tl)U 11PV9 nrw1.l f"1mf':i--,-.e su-:-1.·or+, •ro 1 1 ri9S~r8. Co1 1l" ',('tn9 +;p,,,_:,,~ be ro·c>-itr-t')J.y e""ploy9rl, rlu~ .;i1 -in sur,-,c:rt cf .,.,rort roc-iVLOn..J? A."i snro /i,5 l].'Tis·io11 ·-yill star 0np:1r R.C'l,'n.ce." 0 0 0 0 7 "AftA::.~ hnd "'"'1'1.0"9T'J911t ·1 ·,½n "'18t 11od for ld Y1 to 1·1 ~V9, "c•r '1!rri 'IG v--.; '1 r'c_<'c•i_ssi.on :;: f'T0 '•'3 , Jith '}911erc 1 AJ.ex,"n~rn• T "'I'3011P llJ rind told to ½e f'rr11l- 9.-i_d th·t l rrt,,.,<;r ',ac} .~,,,lt sr:nrY: ~t rr:n+,"l"'j Ct";d jn rriy· o+' t}e l<'i·"'tl, Arrri:r 1-iscriuse nf hPv~_ ":O ·~A.ny \11 iAI'.' Cor-0-i. T told. 1,.,5,.,, 1w 07, 1,-; ,:;1 1 '; <1c;sirrn°f tl--9 1•9,., Ze,"lrnderJ t,h9 7g WO, :V'119i"h~t •muc:url te 1..: Tn9 ";~:ri ctly ro , to 8''1 -ilo;r tri0m. : rut cvcir rw } o·· r,t "':~11, I beh=i 1m 1 erstoocl. n 1 G8nerril Clrr 1 '" retur'"l=ed to 1-i, l-ier1d,iurirtcrs <=>t 10/;5 rw1 , ~-"tor ~.,forF:i'1p; Genorf' l fi-rll<"nt118r ('+' 11,ad h<>d oc~ui••n~d ,,t t I} r:ieet: 11[' ,- ~ t' /"}0°1.'"'r[' 1 II l ';'cE' nder' 'i1J"911t to n13 VP'} ;1.r1 ·-ror 1"00. OP fE'""'9l"'S un"t,il ]110, 'Jh"ln Colonel'1 T'";.r'!zo9 ;,n_n '~y7nrc, ·1ho hail. 0 1~ 0 -✓ ~'1 up "T"C"' 'rA.r l"'s, 1/1['( 8 [' :re;r'~On"l_ C, 71 011. ri.n, st?yi"lg "or l1 1nch. 1 Ge>1ff'r>"l (:1_,:,r•)r i'1 -=:;u""'e,-.-i 1g ",-.o, rf'th0:2 01'"' C'1lr'' '1.11(' ],8 "')<;n-1; thA rP.st of the E1.,.,t9rn00'1 ,,r,r1:-irip on pt'pi:,rc; cnrl lrri vrr~ous section c½iPfs in. r, �The hecV1/ ni_:~ rroCT'>J" ~cl--_9(:>-1led irest0rr1p7 t0 b:---e,, 1• 11r Gerr'l,nn tl-ire,,+,eni11r:- the Anzio beBc1 1hen.d '7as ,lmost totGllV ~trillnc:1 ,,.,y -'-,r" rP l Sl,,rk raa n crv, "9rrmce let9 ·in t, 1,9 R +'ternoo'1 --i tr G8'19r"' 1 '"'nv to ri~TTJ thf1t hePV7 C0'1C9ntrr't~.on of' n-ir rnu~t stri(e p 7 ni:r1:·t ~- lzio ' 4 t is c7irri'lti-::ri117 nossible . I ccnceritr<>tioY\S ,·e2th0r . Ge'1e- \ llo ~n ",tressed U"t [!S roon PS 1}0ner1.l 0,l<ir1, toda:r ''eceivnd 9 criblA -"ran ArlmirPl Lo ::;:-y, R.n '355/10, stating tl,nt, the PT ?(ll l''lS b09n sent to Pi_?;9rte -"nr r13rairs Bnrl tJ,~t " rerl-,cei7<'mt ,•rp,3 bPi"'P' Se'1t to • P'""llAs ;.,,111.,di..,+~1:r ['8 p rer 1~c0,..,e'1t . 1 Ger8r.2l T,ucas cahl90 toc1Pv, '"'.F '3/,1, thr-1:, furth9r siell:i'1C;' 0f lio~rit"l 11re"S 1-wd occui~rc;d ~n tl19 1\'1z-io brjcrrerer.icl ,,reP. As ri. r8s11lt 0.., tl-i~s , 11.e rps decided to riove +,}·, • cs-.. ~+,P.1s to +,be ef'st f'l~ ,1• C'.., +,J,., sector tn"10-r•ro1·' • R • '3?? . "Yon,,. r1 ec~ sion cc"'c8rn-inrr l'S7 Bri;rrde fAr3011fll Lncr,s to 0,lPr 1- . Group c0nc11rr9d ;_ri . Th~ "l 'lriP'rrlo r:roun "hon1r1 ccvn3 i.,, -Jquipped r"1·l J'9r>cly ·"'or COI""bat . T'fo hrin-n.de '-'l'.'om1 to 7 eave 1-ieri,c her,d . 11 Per Pn"l C]prv to Lucri-:i . P'J unr,. !IT'fill se11c't -r'AT'1.."iYJ.cler of' 50 Brit, sr f'~vjrir; fR,t '0 s1'-i_r:j11F· is rv·,-ilrhl9 . T11ic; 1ivision "I-ill thc".l C"'1sist o-"' 7(,7, V,8 <>nd 1(;g Brio-rdes . 1S7 Rr-irrtde Grom"' sionJrl 1:)9 cnr1rl,.,tr,ly 7.orred out c+> her0 ')y t,,'10rrcn mnr.,,.,,,~~ 7"'1, Y01U' 10 ,nrls lyr tomorrrwr Y\~r·l·t . 1/)q Prig'lcl9 [1'10 .)-ivi'3ion Fe c'l1uart"'rs ·-rill follo~1 iJ~ in;1edir1 ,..el· PS cr<>ft retur'1s . •:e "'ill plPn on -L,vm Rr'tis}1 In PY1tr7 l'W~ t ro 'Tniter1 ft.cites :n+>rintr•r T)-ivisioY\S jn l,rj('lr,:~horir1_ nl•1s '!rir'"0'1 1 S +'01~cA P'1d in Pr!c-itio·1 to n·1cA11"'19ous units . P' lo.,.istics vlill nr:,:rr1it, I ~-,ill r-ild rrri<ln,.,Jl~r th"l ,,,erin.5nclor of t,ho 1st rr,,or8d ··1vi~-ion .o;ottinr; reP<'1V for o-:'fensive net-ion . All 011t 1.ir eff'ort on .7O1 rr f'ront torlr•r. 1res1•ne vou i,,., ,13 nr-v::il mu,f-ire ,,,,lrpo-,,,t von des-tr0 . Conlri 80m8 tnnJrf'l be rrof'• t hly emrl oyecl , dug i11 -ln surrort 0f +>rant roc;itjons? Am sure 1~5 Div 4 sion 'ill stop 3llA'TIY flrV" YJr;e . " 0 sion ,..,_a 1 The llrny CoP1mR 11der todnv dict8tocl tl-9 +'ollo,·r,rf'" ,.,,87"or.?ndrn'l for hi'.3 Chief of 3tri+>f ~ ith ret;"rcl to f ltu.r9 off,=msi ve oper~tions: 1 "l. 'jt}, the remov'"'l of tr0 S/)t), Divi -;in'"l P,,,o,,.., t,½9 ]_() Sorns f'ront n11c0 trio exchf''1<";8 o,,. t,l•e !/,t11 Br~·':/ sh Divi3ion by the !,th Divis:i.on , we rnu--:t mor1ify our rJrrns . } l0Pse hrvr::. G-3 ,-,.:.9r::-r 0 r nr,w set of' i11s+,.,..uctio>1s .,t j ch · 1ill rrovide +>or tro fol 7 0 17~ 11rr: ~ §; • ,-,,he t<> 1-~n'; o-"' C'l.Ssi·10 f-lnd tJ~e hi r,', f"""('OU 11r nortk10st t'1.,..r<>ff.- b•r t e 9vr ZeRland ".Jo·•TS in the PVCJnt t 1 P.ttriclr toJ11orro= bv the V+t1' Ji vision fail.-. . 1e 2• 'T'he co-ritjnuPtion 0-" the <i.ttMck 'w t,hp French 011 tre e-:ds T0relle ~oc0Aseccr , Pssist0c'l l;y th9 II Corrs jn 'l nrirro•r zo11,e routh thereof Att1:1c1ring in colurm of' rivisicw1 s . Th:i.s will n-ive the II Corrp ~n o'~porbmity to ··•Hhc'lrPw one c:li.visior frorl\ tl-i"'i~ li'19 +'or r9st P.'1C r9f'ittin~ . c . Tl-ie rittnc1r 1y tl·e 'Tow ZeP1'l'10 Corn:?, ross~bly re-li-i+'orced by ,..jvision- (British) i'1 tl'9 Lfr 4 V1:l10y. f. t}-P, 7qth A holc1 :ij7f; ottcic'r i-nintA.ininf" stron~ rrer-mre by +,h8 10 COTf'3 i'1 thP r•;rtiir110 1:1re:1 '"Ii.th on0 d~v:iRion, th"l otrA"' r1~vi3ion b0i11q ,-,~tr.0rr ..,11 f'or rest c'nd �for ult,rriPte emrloyr10nt ir th0 Liri V8ll3y. ~• VP. lley . ':'o hold tre B'~tb Division i"l rrr1y re-:;nrve f•or GXI loitctio11 in th0 Liri f . To holrl · t½e J 8t,b "RY'iti sh Br~ r;Mde Grour out o+> the li:ri.9 for ro~sj ble eT11ployment for rel_ief n.t thr1 brirlp2hearl or lrter ev-r-loitation nros1 ects . "Let I s try to o;et :., pla11 v: . : cl1 -,~rovic1es ,~or P".l P 11-out .,.,i f'th A.ryiy effort i'1 one vi tn.1 a re 8,, ·-,hile ,old~ •1p in others. l le11se e-vTedi te this. 11 Perso"lrl Lucf's to Clrir1•• R" 3rig . 11 1119 to r.rese: t Rl ortrge of infn'l'ltry to ::::ur:;ortinrt arrs in B:d.t:i..s T'i7isior. reco-,-~,,,1c th:;t 167 :n~rntr:r Bri;:;~l'e '7ove to t, is sector at lj_p-rt scr> le onl~r c'1d not Bd_f~de Group . '"a"~_mun r mr mjtion should be brou1;i1t . Otber c111its o""' Drii:,;<'<le Group crn ',e c<'lled forurird later. 11 0 1 1 * * * IR.Er;~,~;TZA1'0--P~B7.TTJ\RY F, 19/_)~--Because 0 f' his cold, Gci,,,,,erfll ClPrk did not Jer->ve the w=-vi tb-,.,our,b011t th9 entire rriorn:: ~e1 . ne r0mf'jned 8t '1:is des', "10r1dnr- on vn.rio11~ 1JJ~v,ertt r.intt9rs , :i ncl..11.ci11p; str ,,_ctl1eninr of' the A:r>zio be?.chherd ·;ith P British Br~g~de Group . 0 0 At 1110 he receivec1 n,, jor GenP-rrl F cH['ro11, CorJnrncler of' tbe ~tr A..,,ericrin J11.""~F1try D~ vision , ,·,ro is in It" lv on rn in3rection tour . Th0 Division "'t rresent is in ~nr,land . Later, Gnnerr ls Gbr"lr rnd Mcf''-1.hon ·•rorc joined bv I'r,jor Genern.1 Robertson, CoT'1mander o-':' tre ?nd An2ricrin Inf'rintr;r D-i vision, "rhich is P lso in F,nglnvid . Gew:ir1:1 l •~ci.'lP.hon returned yest9rd'l~T froT"'l the Anzio bridr;ehe'-"'d, rincl he f;PVe (},=mrmcil Clarl,c a f:irst kmd re1 ort on hi3 :i11rressio"ls of the situntion up there . Gennr,9.l Br1:inn n lso returned from the hr-i d1;1>he:id yesterdr.y. The si tu"'tion up t:iere hrs j_mproved a great deel d'1.ring the p 0 st ?/.J. hours , Pnc1 the German thren.ts hrve been beateri bn.clr . Lnter in tl· ~ cfay Ge 11erri 1 1wille n.nd Air Vice Fa:rshrl Dl' lbiac conferred witb tl1 e Ge;1erPl. Genernl Clrrk clictr>ted the followini:i; with regf:lrd to air support oi' the l<'i.fth Arrriy: vrns only as P -result of my P 11-out ef'fort to conce!ltrr>te n 11 tre P ir in \ this therter on my -'"'ront th::it tho CP'C rutl·oriz9d tbis the dny before yesterclr:>y. I 1"\a·1 ntained that for six T'JOnth;:; the Str:=i.tegi c Air hri s been j nterrupting eneT"y lines of corirrunicPtion bnt not su+'fi c:i.cmtly to r•revent h~ s oringj n; down wrirtever di visions hn neeclec'l , suppl~ : nr; them and -'::l gr tine; with thoP1 . Never yet has air preventecl 11ove11ents or sup,lies beinr- riwiiln.blG in ordAr to rerri:it suffic~,mt -f'ip;htin£; on the pirt of the e!1e17y to stop us . 11 It I As r rGsul t of trie cecision to use r> 11 tre 9.~ r, my stP ff, , ror"kinf, wHri XII Air Support , lri:i.d on £' fine rrogrrm for Stl~ategic , TPc 0 nc1 YII Air ..::u: r,ort in clirect sup:;ort of' the Anzio brittl0f::ela. _,..or JTester(;"'Y. TTn..,ortun,,tely, weather closed in ['t 11 o I cloc 1 , ;:i_nd 011],, rt out 1/1.~ o+' the 1 roP-r'lm n.s pit ; nto effect. : TTord fro1TJ +,he bridrreheecl s 11ow9d bov1 it b osted thP.jr riorale enc how ent;.usfactic the troors ~;ere to see i11cicc1tion8 of close •·ir nur,,·ort. ';8 r,:,·;ri"l l"id on yrrntGrdGy-1 s incomrleted pro~rn.n ""or ~~od'ly , l,1.1t v!et1thlr J-,as not fAr1,,itted its execution . 11 0 HTod.s.v, J.ir Chief n'lrSh£'1 D 1Albi1.c , TrP i>,h,~r ' s Depu+,y /\ir Co•~r,,r>nr1'1r, 8ncl :::MvillC:l ,iu,t called on ''IP., nnf in 2 cr>s1J1"1l_ co:'1.v0r2ntjon, told rie th t the r,eci- ~ sion b1<'1 1"'9en r1tirie t'·d s ~,orni11o; b~r t}-,9 .?ir , ·7ithout r~ference to m<-), th"t the )\ 0 �Str::1tegic, I told t1'e nrese1ct my reriuest to or h0aviP-s , would. ~o br-clc on their old co:-imu11icn.tion job to,..,.orrow . \ ldr ··arsbn l tb.Pt I v1r>s l0C' ~ opposer.. tc this rila11. ,ind hoped he would \ vir=ns to E8 1rer 1111d <"\lessor , trirt I mnde t1-rour;r rin 2.n official lay on one d"'y ' s <ill-out air pron:r:,m -i_n snrrort of' riy bric!1.;-'3heed . nr nr r0cordi11r-- t}-1: s to 1ndicnte thA +>8ct thPt teie 'pj_r oftent~_nes run their Om -mr, ,-rbic: is not ,"'l"JP'fC conrletely coor!i:l.nrted dth tre ITT'.'ound . I L"e.i,1triin thPt O11e 0ny 1 s 811- ont ~Jr effort in close surrort o+> the bridgehe"d on 1·11011m enemy concentrE1tio11s , nrtillerv- rirori s , c'u,1rps 01 nc'l cor,~unic'-ltion centers will cert,,,inly slow nr Pr.ri r<j~courrp;e his +'urth9r P1.ll-out nttr,c'c nhich re is bound to make . At len st we s:~oulrl r:-j_ ve ::1 t a try. I doubt if the.· wi 11 comply vlith rrn request . u 1 7 At 1530 G"mer"l Fre:rburg rinrl menbers of h"s taf'-f' nrriver:'l, c>YJ.d G,mern.l Cl11.rl;: V'ent ~YJ.to co:r.feronce rit 1'1 tr.en jn t},-3 con+>errnce hut . Tbe t:;rour · hj ch al,30 i11cluded G,.,11eral Gru,-=mtJ~0r f'nd ~3mi,0rs o.C: w-rious F-i Pth Army ::;ectio11s , discuc;sed tJ,9 co"lin~ srirloynent of +.re ,.,nd ~i8'1 Ze[llr11rl DivisioYJ. Elnri the Li-th Indian Division, wh.:ch conrrise Gener<>l ..,reyhur~ ' s 'Jew 7,ealf'nr1 Corrs . Followin,s the co 1<>erence , Q9rerrl Clnr1r returned to ris vn.11 to n.g,,jn nork on lo ,isticrl rrobl"'l:11s v·1 ii le GFm8rri 1 Gruonth"r refl" ~ 'lr>d i.n tl~e l ut to act P s host to Goner 0 1 :::"reyburg nt tre t:raditio'19l British late cfternoo11 te8. . 0 1 GenerqJ Clr-r1c fllso receiv0rl in tre late pfternoon P.n intollifence report from Colonel Howard. . Colonel Ho'-ra.rc1 sqid thPt tre siturtion i11 the bridgehead area V't=>S rruch i-proved . For dinr,er Ge·'le}~Pl Clri.r r had Lt . Col. :Port0r, SecretFry, Ganer"'l 3t2ff , as his guest . General Lucr>s rAnorted 011 1'is situ"'tio'1 2s f'ollo'rs this morninP": 1m 353. En°my comrrirntively -i n,,ctiv0 r'•.1.rinP' r.ig'~t . B.elief of Gur,rds Bri p;1=1de by BBttri lion 179th aCCOT'lpHshed ::.--TI10othl;y. EP.rly r9rort on ."'tt,,c'r of 45 Diviecion Pfperr sot::isf-"ctorv, rilthoug]-, heavv f'j_r,hti---i-,_; is in rroF,res-, . At 08'30 h.ours lenling cor:p:,nv- 179tl1 Inf:rntrr hPd reoch9d fPctory . '7 tc:.,-,~·, '"J9r8 puPhed through olc. rrilronrl. 1mderrrss, ? knocked out ut 5 co:-1tinue ~n cJose surrort . Con"icerrble German act::vit;r, co•1position rnd strcn::rtJ-i un'ri~o"m re:rort9d north"•est of f"ctory . Porrion 1 s trin'rs c1~sroserl to surport f'DY act5on "S rirti..ller,r -f'rol"' rr0.rri.rerl ro'"'ition or to f'Ssenble C1'1icJrly to r1eet r t,=m1,• threrit . 11 11 A lriter report frorr G9rerA.l LUC!" c, r' i"' closer' thA f'ol lm~inG -in "'orr1" tio11: 1N 3rSl. 11 Frogress o-f' !1-5 "1ivision c1ttac 1 cn,1ti"1ues -f, vorF.1bl0. . F..,ctory Pf]Y'rentJ.y set 1'1fir9 by our :=i.rtillery n. 1d tr111rs, eltho'F';h erri,,1.::i..1 :imount of r""'CI'ine ~m rind rifle fjre still comjn['. from thnt Pre? . Cur ten','1 on 1'111 sides o:' -"':::i.ctory rositioYJ. , b 11t m.<>in bod;r o:' ene"1Y Prpears to bP to tl1e YJ.orU . ''fo furthr:r h1-f'crr1r->tion co·1cern~nn; :;nef'17 force rrevio'1s1-.- rerorterl to t 1· e no:..•th ·est . !}5 :8i.vision 1:i ll c011tinuP to rusr to trie "lortl' . Rough r-·1r1 he11vv- scris r,rev9nt Pll iinlorriin~ ~-1cl'1J.inr; L ~TS in 'lzio h<'rbor . rr r 1 * * Il'ES '."V P0- - '2~RRT'Al.7.Y l? , 194/,;,--G'3nerP 7 f;lrrk left hi o. COTY\m nr· ro"t !"t 0,..,50 houl's 'Pld le,_-.+, the cu', "ield :i.t ()()00 , "lvin,,. to Pqrc~rni,.,e ··~th Lt. Col. utherlf'·'ld. T:r-iere lv~ met i' "'j. Gen . Crnnon .nnil le"t by Hs C- L.7 , riloted 1,~- 'r io.,... lorle ~, f_'or the n.~rro:rt ['t "8ttuno . Tre v,l,.,'1A ~rr::iVA0 th,:,re e"'ter "n 1 mevent:f'ul journe;r Pt 1035 . I �General Clrr1r hnl"'edi::i.+,ely ni:mt t0 the rePcl.ou; rt0rs VI CoP'IS 'VP c:re ho hPd ) lorig talk ''Tith GP110rrl L11cn.s. VI Corps l.e"'il'1_urrter3 is 110w loc"ter' jn the cellrtr c,f q 1uild-'ng in Nettuno. Foll◊"'"n,,. tM.s, tho Gi:mer:ol 'rent, ;:-uided ,,,_,y r"a.i. Jr cl:,on, to tre c0r,"'1r'1d r,of',t o.,,. tbe lc-Sth ...1jvj sion, 1 crricl is locnt0d in r f· rr:thonse ju t to t,i,e 11ortJ, o ~ tho ro' d ..r} icl' P.083 f'ro"l ~Tr,ttuno to ll'rGc<>ncelli. On the "Pl.Y GPn,srrl C:!.nr 1, T'fl.SS<;d !l err crrt..,in:in,.,. Gonerrl 'T'rurco~t e11rl -to:rred +'o-~ R sl-iort t1.ll•. fiurinP- ths r"rive t-,c p-rrn-n::: o"' '8-17' 1 s ~ere ohc:-erved bombing) tarp9ts +,o tl-i.e nec;t of tbe b"l~cl-t"l9"ti• The G-er""Yl .!>7r 1 v•ris iiecvy, rnd "t lorst r one B-17 wns '388"1 s11ot dovm.. \t the /.,S "-'~vis·ion Cl Q9rv,r"l Clnrlr }cd n t::1lk vd th G"'nern 1 r.:r 1les ,:n,o_ G.::,nerP 7 .,.._.., SC"' 1. The 179th Tn.t'.>rintry }1r,d successfully tA.hm thro tob..,cco -'-'::i.ctor'T r t Cnrrocetc· t½e PVeni"1 7 bPf'ore, but t 0()0(' t~js morni'1r_; tre Gerrrnrs "P,£1iTl re-too 1~ ··t. Colonel }'Prrerer -rrorosed t0 p;o ½Pc'r 1.11cl try O ,.,.q in. 0 R 0 0 Follo·,in<:; t}1i =- cn'l.,..GrA11".le G8·'1erf'l Clc-rl· •qent on -1:.o tJ-A '9:en(111 rrters of tl19 1st /\r"'lor8c Div-l sio11, locnte<i :,,bout .:-.:ve ..-,i les nort):, o-"' 'Tettuno -in a ine woorl s. Hr--re G8ri9r'17 8 Cl" }~1.;: arid C'1 <1no11, r nc1 ~1'8 nc>,-.icers r ccornrn nyi nr, th8ri, h8cl lunc11 'rith G9"19l1"1 irf'rrno11. rmi c1.:scussed hi.c- s.:turt-1..on. Tl,e G0n0r.<>l hf'd 11Pd '30"!9 cnqupl_+, 4 1"''3 tJ.--8 r-i~'-t ""3·"'cY"8 k r rip'1 ·111rs-l:.~YJ.g '1bell2 ne2ar r5s CI but ··[;'', in P'OOd ''ifj.,..-lts "l'1d CO"\p~c e 1 t. ~f'tr')""" l0,vi.·1p- (}''1~r:ol J,rr!'Jon 1 S CO"'lmRnd rost, Go,1er"l t;l[lr1:, · 14 th Gr>nnr"l "" 1v1on "'nrs t, e cth-,r o.,.,f'icers, ,~ent to t e Ci o+" tho :SrH:1.sJ~ 1st I'5.visio,., "1lier9 Ger...,rnl Clrr 1c tnlh,d w:ith G-8nor"l Tenn0y. ThA 1st Jivis~on su"fer8C1 hervr }oc- es J'8S'llV'1", nt l8n'3t in rrirt, fro' i'lfiltrPtion of '.}0rm"11S h9t'ree11. Prit·;_sr 1 mits so t11,-+, t},9 British ·r,r9 +,r"lr"'YJ. jn t:1e -"1P'1 'S prd •9nr ""lrl '·:..Jled or cn.rturec". G011.9rnl Gl·r1· r'ecided to pull this clivir;io"l out :"lc1 i·•1rlrc9 it b:r a-iothr;r r':;V)',1.('r'' rcrr}•<irs thr, 5r,th, "S soon fS por-;s:..ble. 'r2ne,,..A.l Cl"r': t 1 19n lrove to t'1e ,,.,-j·"th A_rmv ~ hr 1~e C}, ·10 loc1-1.t9d 1 jn .i.,,,e h::sorr;:nt o'., the "Borr,.hcse I'P)-nce 9.t 'Tett,_mo . TbAre he c iSClLBsed su;11~ ~ro',-1 er,s r1ith Colon8l D 1rrsa. At : hout 1530 110 lPft tl~Cl cor>"l/'T,d post p:•-irl ·rnnt to tl·e P.~r.,,.hld ,T1 s9re be tal 1 r,d ,,ith Genernl Lucas Yho hed met him there, and also with GenerPl Templar , Co1'mn.nd:Lng the Brit:i.sh 56th Division, who h'.c1 just arriv9d b:,- pl,ne ·7ith :::;cno of · ~::; str "f o"fic9rs to lool: ov0r t,J~e ,70 ,,,,c' -.,i...-': ch t11e 5/)tr vas to occur;t. ?ol10"":1n, ti is th9 G(3'1.8r'l::.. :.~ turmd to h~ .... SI- h;/ S-4"' an.r c1 11, , ~rrivt11~ ~t p'l-.,01,t 1700. }TPre 118 w,t G'"''1Pr''l'3 "lexrn.der rnrl :•rr,1 ~11c; ncl ,-c=J r h:-~9:' tPl''". '.:'here,f'ter, -:e9li.n~; -i,.,r'lsnos8c1, Qr,·-ier'"'l ClPi~ 1 , r9·~:I.red 1 1 1 t,J 11'q V8D 1 -r'o-r t11e 0 9V9n~'1C; . 1 RE i-r:TTZ\ 'TO--r \ ~,r~r~ [ 13, 1:4/,--i'C'<hy GnYJ.er" l r,1, r 1 - , 1or-"'':1l-<-t in, :;.sposed, rer,c.: nPd in 11is V"r, qll ''lPY. He recoiV'3d H nu,~'Y,:t 0~ crll J~s, ho·;·9ver, 1v10. r+,t3 1cled :,o A.d..,icr:str.'.:'tive ,,,,rtte-r-. 3ennrnl Cn"'11on, Co~·•cinr1-i--p; t½e 1°tt fir Force, v5 ,i:.9c1 tho t\.T'",r Con... ::i.nrler T ( -"'·'.~-.,13S'30. .. ~-'.:.r i-,..;"l t,h, ,ro·,1,-,ms ('~ , i.:r suprort o.(' t}'e "'iftl Arri. activ··t 1 es. It. :::ol. Dal:r, Co•1n:.:rr'~nc; +,11_9 l':>t', -r:v~cu· tion nos;itel, G;one:ri::il ''nrti:ri rnd Lt. Col. "lrnce e.lso cPllecl 011 Gn 1110r, 1 Clrrk . :}9nrir,,ls "cl rhon A.:rid "oh9rtso11 ~+.o:;red in 01•-i_9.r>l;, -l-,o s:p- <;oou.11 re to GenPr' 1 Cl<ir 1z, a,; tl 3y ·nre 01c 4:.1 si.r ·v::.,_r ·-.,ec1· to the Unitec1 K..;,,, ...,-r om P ~t'"r the~_r visit- tr the Ft .,..tl Arr1y :ro>1t. 0 0 (1"1"9r' 1 'Jl' r 1: ~ s ;-;rentl~,r concerrn}C. ow~r t,; e ~robl8IJ 0f' 1,r;~bir"" the Ably') r "'.t \ Cess..;no. Q,9r1D,_~q~ ,-,re;rb,,~g ..;'3 co•m-'·0cer1 tl·"t t}•9 (}'1r""rnc, "rP •1,:;·'1y,· tl-18 ~bb9'r for nr::_lit,,..,.,r p 1 1.r-"'oses. G8rerrl ,,ru<mthPr, ,t G-"YJ.Pr.,, Cl,,rk 1s c'irAct-·on, ,:1ct,qt,9d the .,..olJ.017 ·n[l' ""'P,f1C)"'P11,1l1J'l 0'1 -:,Jiis c;ub·'.ect: �;:,½011t lQOO :~ours on nt1u•rl:;, -, i"'0br·•nrv 1.?th , Qr,nAr"l Fr9•>-i11r,..,. t9leJ:,on9d -n-. '1'1cl sti terl, ' T resi:re J.J «t ::: he ';ive,,., 0 :•~ "'Hf"Ort to,.,,orro\·1 ln orr1 er to 'lC:ft~r t'19 c.r19....,,r Y'OGit50vi .!.1th~ CA'3'>: . ,.,~ ::--ren. : "rrit t1.1~t~e 'l:ljc s~o'Y'ls of l? rJ..r n'=>'l e2c] tl,e l;:,n91 to he ::.;_+,tv For1')9:c·, C"'rr-r:i.,,'s 1000 rou.nr1 b0mbs 1• 1 I tnlr r'ronc,ral .,.,,reyburg tb·-t t,}-,9 nr•1r C0''1'11'"'1r13r hf'n rl::lr9ct9d tr:, M 0 in <>ir eff'o··t .Pnr to,.,,orro''i be CC1'1CP Ttrrted on th·-i ··rzro hf'+,tlc,"'ro11t, ~,,_r' tb')t J ' [ l f '10t ;urA ·l <>th0r or r(Yt, •-re ·1011lc he ·1 1'ln, tc pi.•re .,.;,~ t},,,t r u-:11 «ir on the 13th. I told ":n trat tl1 P Arr1y Cor '"nr'er ·,0ulc1 rn.q·•r, P.V •r" '3+'+'ort to coricentr-=i.te ?:lr in surrort of t',e T11r1:La·1 J'ivisioP ..,,:;trc: 011 tre ll;.tr . Gr-i-r1A'l""l --,reybnrg 8m:;--h.,sized t ..,t .e vo11l 1 l iJr0 to }1 :c1ve 811 ·!:;hP ~ 'r ,,,., co11-1, ';9t O'"' +,h.-, 13th in order to "'ofte•1 th=; 01Ymy, Ancl thPt b8 boJJ.everl th9 th:res ni S"'ions r<:? i.u •sted ·18rA the T')-i_n .._:rmrn l {~('111i.re.,,,sntci . I r9r l~Ad t 11~t T . ,.,,, 7 " '1'0 ~nto thJ mrtt0:c rt OPCfl . ttnt 1 ; 1 1 1 1 0 1 "I then crec1·ed ,,::tt} Go'1cr;-,l P.r['17Yl n,~..:i Lt . Col. ·r,nsbc-r011~1i to detsr"1i·1e t e '1,ntu.t'e 0f thP trrn;At : s1nerits 'ltlich t]:-.9 t'S" :39,lA.'1d Cor "3 1--::cl 911bnitted t'1ro11v½ n.lr snrrort C}''1'1J1C 7 s. I ,.ounrl. t,h t j t m1 17.rl be rossiblr-i to f11' 1:'3 one ;".; r:}'t.9r- ½0"'1hnr S Jll,'lr'lron ['V" ., l·- ':ll9 ":o cur"0rt t t'E') tT9vr '3e~. "nrl Cor· S • I Cf' lled Ge11.9r,l 4 'rsvb1n•n; snc t0lc 1 ~"'1 that i.t ;1ould ")9 rossihJ.,, to P-iv0 rj.,,, C''1e s11 w.dro.., 0.,, A- 1-S ril" nP s carr ·i. ir 5or. ro1111d hor'lbS for Cl19 o<' -1:,l·v:i rn~ -sioYJ."1 7J.1~cl' he hMl subri~tted . I "sved h-i11 to rlesir;r1"te •rrich trrr;et !'e de irec' ,.,tt,,cksd. Pe rA....,lied 'T W'l."l+; the Corvont Pttr c 1n:id I• I tolc rim thr't .,. '"'rssunec1 },9 ' [ ' ~ re-"9rr-in; to +.hn f'o11.Pstsr bl,t ti1i=t th;c, -,.,~" not O""t '1-is list of tnrr,9ts . He rerli.ed , ' I r->rr1 r:mite sure it ,w-; 011. :r 1 ~st o+' tn~gnts, b1't in nn~~ r:rise I 7r>'1t ~Lt b0:ribed . rn1-,.9 otr r tarrt9tc; f'~e l'n~rrrnort;:,nt, hut tl-,'3 0'10 ~s vit['L ~h8 diviz:i_o11 conm"nrier ·-rl-o "S ""~ 1cinn- t1'8 nt,t11c f"e 7 .S th"t i.t i'"' f'n e ,-;ent; ... 1 tr get ~ind I Voro•1cthlv "qr'Ge r·rjt}' 'ini '. ::: tolrl Grn,:,rnl ~r.-,ybu.:r~ t A.t 1 )0C"USe of restr~ ctions in co'1n9ction ·7ith t},iG t['rcret I rroulrl h,VP to "',fl'rn a fw:·th'".)r ~heck to d0tern-:'18 the ~rny Co'~¥v,,nr"er 1 s "AsirP . 1 1 1 7 1 1 0 1 1 · , 10 r 0 ClP:r 1• ,;ri:is 11.ot «v?ilPble . .,. called Gen0rrl ~'frc'i'1rt B'"'C tn)f hiri 1 Ge'1errl 'reYbnrc; • qc; p-:;knd +,i,.,t the fbbe r o+> su1x,t-int.;~1Jy tl e f'ollo,;~ng: F~onte CH$Sino be bol'1 b9d toY'lorro-7 . GPn9r" 1 C}r .,.,,. ,.,~ 11 not be r Vf' :· L" ble for , ';out an 1~o·n·, so h') does not 1-no-r. 0~ t]~is rec1uent . Gr-in . 8J.Fr'- hR3 r.ir0Jr9n to Gr:n . Fre7h1 rro; on -it le:1.st t 'O or:~R'liO''S co'1r:Prn;ni:; th9 1<rl,Jj sal;i l·"ty c+' boMbino- the t"omist 0 ry. J:e to l cl G9n . k'revburg thPt r"ter co'1s1 11t~'1g Gen . Y:>.ye", tl::0 Cor'"'s Co~r1 nnc'ler, ?nd Gen . Ryder, the Sor.,,,rnder n,.. +,i--.9 11,th ~iv . , },p ccn::-ider.c>c1 tJ-,E't no militriry necess:itr existed "'or its clestruct~.on . '1en . c"reyhuro- e·0-re· sed tc Ger. c1.~r 1' 1 :i ,~ cr·ns~ r'91~9d 0 ·in.: 011 thrt th8 C.9TGru~Von o~~ tJ19 "on-- '1tr-,rv ~s r ,.,.il it,_,•,..y ;y!ces-;-ity, nnr' t11.rt .:t, ''!1.S unfrii.r to ass~~'1 to f1'1.'T M~L1it.-ir~r cor1r1rnr"0r the ~ic;si.on of trl'i'la ti1e hill , P'1rl pt, t.},., s~me t-ime not PTP'1t rPr'""'jp;s"on to bc,;nb tle rionR.story. ro·mver , in vjrn o" tre nrtur9 cf t' 8 t'"rr;et, r-11.r' i~}i'} i11~~"'r'1R.tiom1l Pnd r, 7 '/:;ious inrrlicPt:i.0 11s '>rrrlv8c1 , T c,h01,:.r l-"Y-'1 to f"nt 0 n e;q,rcssioYJ. o+' or·"nio11. -"ro.,,, Ar,r}' a.s to t',e •1rli1isabjlit•~ o" ... ,1t' or::lz·inp; t 11e ½cr1binq: 1 • G<m . 'I•rr··n,,. stRt90. h. ➔ m1 il l t[' 1 :0 tbe ,._,rtt9r ur ·ri.tl G9'1 . A.l8XP'1c1Gr, 1'1'1(' ·ro•11J' l 0 t "18 1rnm !}rm . Ale,~"'1rler 1 s vjG'·', shortlv-. ' 1Gc,ner2l 1 0 0 n"e"llTYhile I got i'1 touc" with Gen ~ Cl- r -, --,h0 tolrl n tl-1rit he consi.c1ered t 11e dest~ 1 1'"!ti.0'1. o+' tho ro1ri"t9"'r "RS not n ,,,,~litrar•r necessity, 'l'Yl tlYt I s:rnuld P!Pl,e tr'l.t r9rrr:;"'e-'1tE1tion to G0r . T'r -,..d,no- n 1 0n he c'>lled lrtor to g:Jve Grm . Alo· :varder 1s vi9 1 • Gen . Cl,,r'r ::>}so :=;tf'ted +;r"t t',~s Y'"3 a p,rttsr, l icb caus9d h:1"'1 so"19 P.m')f'rr<:13'"'· ,'3nt 3.n vi.9'V o-P the extremel7 str01.,0; vieT3 of G<:m . 1<'rr,vhurr; t 1~t t,1113 r estructio11 nf t>o "nnast9rv is R "'!ili trr•r necessit,r . G~ne:~'1.l c1,,r 1, +>e 1t th<lt 'illl-32S C'ren . Frtwburg recGder fror1 tris ror~tioYJ. ~t "0Uld rlPce Gen . Clrr1r 1-'1 2 very dj ~r~ cult ro-iti.or in tb2 ':;Vent tl1 r t tJ.,.~ rtt.., C1' ~11 0'11 cl "~j_J.. 10 1 0 1 �ttr crilled Gen . K0sreq rit Rbout 0 11-5, ·rho tolcl me t],l='t, he cjd not co11s:lder the rles-!:.ruct1on o+' tl'e ffonasterv to be r mi.li+,Ary D")CessitJ. Fe -f'1.JTtrr::;_n stnted thrt t},e bomb:ir1re o-"' t} e ]'0'1R,3terv "'Olll' rrol-i·0 ½1~, "'Phnnce its v~11 1.e ns R militar- obstacle, hecnu:-;e tre (}0rm:::-11s ronld t½e'1 f'e0l free to 11,e it '"'S " b?rricade . Gen . Yey0s !=Jtr>ted thc:it Gem . lty,~er , G0YJ. . Butler f''1d Col. Bortnnr were nn,c,YJ.·imons in treir opi nioYJ. tret the destru"!t:ton of' th-; building ·p11s not necess<iry. BT r,,a !}9n . K-Jves s"dtcl ""'1 to lis 0-'"', T.,t. Col. iElter, -1:-,o f'jnd 011t ;vbrit in.tell~r"'1Ce re-roy,ts h0 ½rid nn -1::,}•e b11-i.ldj11.,..,. . Co10110l ·;c•ltc,r ➔;old r9 tl,,.,t -Prom two civn.~r-m so~.i.rcec; re hNl rea;'O'1 to ½el 1 '"'Vo th['t t1-;_ere T3re r'>+'11P-nes in th0, t,1,1jld1-Yl<=;, 0ne re·,-,ort st.,ti"1.,. +,J.-int trere ·rere proly,bly a.3 ""any as ?Oro. Colonel 'Ir lter st ter' thrt f'rtill ..,ry CI I s h"l.d suh- 1 tted sev9rP: r0rorts concerninr, the u·::e o ~ the ..onr st8·~v as ,.,.'1 C'I , ½11:. thrit '1e }1r>d no r0, orts of rn;r P ct 1° 1 fire com-irr: from t,,13 build~ng . He stPtod thc:it the rwidence pointed to tho f,-,ct thrt there w'°'re :memy strongro:: nt2 vr=,r-r close to th':! ,"D lls of' the 1-:ll1" ldin'$ . 1 "At ?130 I telhod to /}e"1 . FPrc.~r>f" ·r~c ,trted su0stP'1t-i.<>1l;v rs follO'"S: li}e11'3r[' 1 l\lrn:ander r,f' s decided th~t tr e r'o>1r-> sterY sr 0'1 lr'J. lie 'JC""nbed if GP'18N 1 Freyburg consirfors 1 t as P militr>r~r necessity. He rer;rets thnt tl-e building sho11l rl h,, c' estro•red, but th t he hP s f'r, Hh :.n Gen . Fr0yrmrg I s .iun[;T'lent . If th9re is PYJ.V Y'eD.'3011.able "•robqbil itv thr>t t,lie ,,,,1il,H11_-; is bei11n- usec'l for · rilite.r • nnrro"'8S G""n8rP1.flexam'"lr believes tl'f,t its clestruction ::s 1Vf1rrant9d 1 • I tho'1 tnld Ge:-1 . r·,rcl~nP- th~t I }y,d leen ahl0 to tnlc to G8nerP1 Clf"rl, siYJ.ce my first telerhonr:, C"nv0rsrition. wi.th Gen . Fardinr- P'1c thr,t Gen . Clr>rk ' s view 1 Gen. Clr>r , does not thin"" thrt tr e '1,uilding was substri11.tif' lly P s .Pollo"IS: .sho11ld be 1,(1..,berl, 8 d trPt ;r- tJ,-,9 cor "'lrnrler of tl~e 1.:JPW Zet1lrnd Gorps 'Vere an Ani0ri":1.n cor;1n.:<inder ho •7ould c;ive sr-eci+'ic orriers thPt it vrould not ')e bombed . Ho"P.Ver, in vie,v of Gen . l?r9-r;)nrp; 1 s posjtio'1 in tbA British .,.,ynrire forces , the sjtu"'tion "'1S n. r'elic...,te one, P11c: Gem . Cl."rlr hAsit,-,ted tr f;ive hin snch qn order '7~thout first re+'errinr; the r:1-,"'",ter to Gen. AlezA.nrr,r . Gen. Clrrk is still o-"' tl 0 o. infon tr'lt no r1.il-'tprr YJ.ecessity e~'~ sts >'or th" ceRtr11::::tion of the f!'onr,PtArv. H':! ½eli9V'")':: it nill '3'1dR.n[;er +,J,-,r:, liYes of' rnr,nv c-'vi.linn refuisees in th8 1:iuildi.YJ.o;; '1'1.d tr· t P bo;1binfs r-ill not r'estroy its v~lue r>9 a forti -"icPtion +'or t 1 1e A11em;ir. In fact Gen . Clr-r1 •"eels tl nt tl 1: bo ,b~ ng "rill rro " br-1blv 8nh1.11ce j_t,s \}'c:i:!_,_rn . I Gl")'1 . FPrn5nr; st,.,tnr', ' Gen . fleYnnder h"'S mrdP, h:s position ri_uite clePr en t11is point . He rer;-.cets very T'J.Uch thrt the lonaster:· s' ould be destrove,:-1 , hut re !'l88S no other choice . If Gen. Cl"r:V r'esires to tP11-:: J=Ar sonr>ll•r to Gen. Ale~<rinu,r Pbo11t t,t,e --:u'lJject , J <">rrl ::11JTP. thr>t Gen . Ale~~ander "'ill be pleR'3"')d to dif'cu"s it T:tl- hin . 1 0 0 0 1 J rerorted [' S11mffi.'lr:; of' mY cnnvers"tion with Gen . I'"rdi.11; to G 11 . Cl,r1 r '7ho told T"e tr tell Gen . r'reyb11rp; thrt ,,11il"' h8 still c1-;d not co11.:;irler trrt it Y'9.S ri rnilitflr.' necessity to boT'lb tl e r'o•1rstery, he , Ps vr.i ll 1ng to defer to Gen • ..,re·rbur~ 1 s iud,vient i +' Grm . Fr8:rburg han evidence thct -' nr1:i c~ted tb1'1t the ''onn s ter.r shoulc! be bonbed . II 0 0 I CPlled Gen. Frevhurr; R.t ::>prrox"'r~tel•r 2?00 :ond prlvised ~"'1 as -"ollo"'s: Gen . Clar1" does not be 7 ieve thr1.t ri raili t'l.rir nece,si t. ~ e:vi st~ +'oy, tl-:te destruction o"' the 'On.,...,ster;,r. He :ls reluctf''1.t to ruthoi~ize its bomb-ing unless you nre cert1:1in th~t -'ts lestruc.tio 1 -;s 11ece"'Scl.''Y•' GenP.rf'l Proybure st,,tec' th"t re hPd ri:onn, ~nto tl1e natter t'hoY"01 1 Yh]y n-'t,r t,J,,9 cljvision coromp'1r'Or OJ"' the; /,th Indirn Dtvisio·1 8'1d tl "t t;1G '~vision coT'1T"rnder "'as riuite co•Wi'1ced thrt tl'e borribjnr:: of 11 1 1 �the r~omistery is necessPry . Gem . P1·0ybur~ furth9r st ter1 +,b,,t h9 d-id not be1 ieve th.nt it ~r0111c1 be SO1Flr1 to v:ve "11 ord9r to cn:rtu.,..e '011rsterr T':ill pnrl f't t},e SP"'l9 t; me den7 tl10 CO' rr,rny'pr ti 9 ri ;it tC' r8nove PD -i "'!Tortnnt ob·,t::i.'.:!le to tbe success o-" tris mission . Fe stPterl thrt ri'1:r hip-her cor:1nnnc1 er who re+>,1sed tc ::i.uthorize the l;o"'Jb-i nv, would hnv9 to be fT9p"rec' to take tre resr,onsib:'..1-i tv ""or P. r>ailure of th0 rttr>c}· . I told Gen . Frr,yburg tlvt the Arny Co,,.,>Jnander '''P q repnroc: to A11t'1or-i z9 tt e h----mbinr; o" tl-e tPrget i +> it WPS Gen. Frevburp.; 1s conc-;:lr1ered 0;1in-io·-1 trnt it WPS A nilitar r neces,jty. Gen . Fre·irurf! "ns·vered thPt i.t "l:'lS hj s co11sHer'.Jd opjnion thnt H is e rd lHr->ry neces1:it7 . I t11-=ir> told rren . Fre7b11r--:- t]'.1',t the fljr .;;ssion VIPS f1Uthorized, end th"t he sr.011 1.c'l A.rran1;e vrith Gen . Ke-res for the rernov'll o-"' II Corrs troo.,...,... ~i-io would be e11dri11vered Y t,hj s boJ11bing , ond th~t Grm . ~reYbur~ \Joulrl iet9,~1,ri.11e "'1 l1 om· "lhFJn t:re area v1ould be safe f'or th bombing . 0 0 11 I t1 en CP lled Gen • Brann [' nd to l rJ. !' ~ m to P rr<> nge 'Ti th tr O "ir +>o:r- t>1e bo'"'Jbin;r of' tre rI011r-istery c'1 thci r1or11i11e- of 13 Febru, rr; the exact ti"1e to bA riven later, b11t i:ri. no cnse should Ve born1,inr· be executed ,rior to 1000 hours on 13 FebruPry. 0 "At Grm . ra.crv ' '"' rer11J_p<;+, I (![' lled Ger, . Fn.r<"~ no; <>t ?l/,O 1-rnc: told 1ir1 substPn1 G-en . Clrr1 w·11 trH· to Gen . \leX'l'1.dP.r ~n tre n-:crn~ng contj ,::ill, r as f'olloirs: cernin's +,rFJ c,"'11,i'1's o-~ t} 9 ~011;-,st')r,r. T{e still +>,,,els th~t :Jt ~ s n11 '3rror to br;-nb it . He does 'Wt think th"'t there i"" suff':i.cient evir' nee to PrrPnt the> stntemP'1t th"t ~t -is n '"'lilitrir;r nece9s~ty to bo"1½ thFJ ~'.onastcrv , nnn -l:h~t -in vi"''"l o" tre ~9l 4 .c-io1 1s nnd int9.,,.n~tio11rl :imrlic,tio~s 0P -i+, e fni=lls th·0 t le shoulr1 discuss it wjth Gen. AleYander i'1. tl e r,r,rni."v: . ~-A"'1"hil8 ti, e 1x,7Y'1'~ mi<:>c,jon h"S been l'lid on . It will not be sch=irh1led before l0Gn rn' ~t can he cr,ncel1ed. ThP Ge·-1ernl f'Ae1s t.nt s-ince (}en • ..,r9T1 "U'f; +>:i0l ~ sc strc,,,r1·} - nbout it rnd -in vir:iw of G9·1er<>l .,..,re~rhc1rr 1 s 1-ositio he 1ouln li 1r'3 to t"llr. to G8n0rr-l Ale7°nr'er ·"')out it . Jf' it v1ere [lr,, i~er~ cPr corin"'n ler his c'eci.c::ion V'o 1ln be r-n easv oYJ.e n.11r1 r would not bother G9'1nrrl Plexrinder Pbci1t it, but he :ill tn.l{ to him in tre "'lorni11r.tt 0 1 0 rrcun le"'le11V,,"' Ge'1Gral G·eu9'1t 3r 1 , r,'eco::-cl o+' eonver::mtio"1., ('n ::"re ·blP'P: 1 s re111est to hnmb tre J'o·rirstPrir, Gener8l Ale"rinrer r11onP0 T'l8 tii--; '"10rriinc; abcl't 0015 . Fe told ">8 i1e 11nrl0r:?tond I did not .,.8el the r:,O11ri sterv ,..~1ould b8 bo"'lbGd. :::: co11+>ir"'1ed J,;_c:; belief on t e ,vo1mds th~t 4TTJ.ericPn Co,,,m9nders <'or soTfje ··,eeks now •rrl not -"'ound it "lAce~sarv. " h,:,r1 rio .;rlic"tion +,h-t tle rnonr->stery ·•1rs bei11,.,. user r-iy t1'e G0rn'1ns; t1,,~t our m::i.ny ""'rev~ o-;,, e "-fort~ to bnnl; f' bui lrl~ ng or locpljt,,,. to rrnvent its use hY t},e GFJr~wns hu' Al'7Pys "~iled, 2nd "f' ;t -;rs bombed it Wf'S a better def'e,1sive ~r>strl l <>tior, tl'an befo"e . I +.old ,-i"'l thrt if the GArriiins WAre 11ot in P'1C' :1e t,l·mu;lt tJ:-ev '7ere ~n, ti,eJ certf'inly "'cnlc1 go ~-n it ,.,f'ter our bo.,,bin"· . Trese r,,.re th9 m~l:itrry r9rir;or2 . 0 11 or rel:tr•j_o,1s P'1r' sP,rit,-iro9·1t87 re!l<;cw1c:;, H, is tno ½nrl unnecessrrily to des+,ro~- o.,,e o" the Prt +:.rA"S1IT99 of'+, e world. Bedrles, ·e h<>ve indjc~tioYls tr"t JT''l".lJ c-i,vili:in "/'Omen P'1<1 ch~ ldr9'1 ['T'e t" 1r:;.rip; .,: elt~r ther i11 . Tre eyhrit of our '"ir 9f'fort ,.,'~ici, we cr111 rut on it ri 1 7 ;-,ot rlestro"T th9 builc i r, r ',,1t ,~ ll rrierely ""iVe t},e G0 rr,r'l, 11'1 8'CCUS9 -1:.o USP, it . 0 Al8X1"rr]9r '7P.S 1111it0 i.n'l~strmt th,-t -it ½e boni'ben if "'rp-burr; WP:r>tec. it Pnoth9r evi. ➔ enr,'3 o,. ris undul·r ~ntc:;rf'8ri11 w't½ Fif'tl-i Ar~.· Activit-ies _qn' rlo~n,.,. 11 �business direct '.Vi th my subordinn.tes . It s:rows th::=it he is most reluctr->nt , even / over my objection, in doi11.1s A.nything in disspr,rov:i.nr; Pn Hction of' Freybur,q; for (' political reasons . I told AJ.exA.nder t1Y t j f ~t ,,,as en A·~ericB11. Conmwr'J.der, PS j t had been in the ;)A.St , I would re:'u se to give the PutJ-.ority, but du2- to the noliticnl daintiness ,,,jth vir•ich "re h.rd to bmdle the 't>Jew ZePlanders and ?reyburg, I was reluctR.nt to cause a. najor issue Pt t½e present tir e . 11 0 0 Last even-in[' •srorc. cc=nne thDt G·enerel 'r;'re:,hurg h['.d re lli''JSted t 1 Y"'t the bcw']_>)r-rdrnent he de+'errecl tenporar-i l:;, r<ue to the f2ct thr>t r, oiscu.:;sion bet1 rnen him and General Ye;/AS hAd developed th rrobP.bility thrt II Corra troops "mule'. be injurec' i:" the bc~11);::.rdnocn1t - rprr; cr> ried out ~t t 11 is t~ me . Hm1ever , the rrospect of bor'l1:>"rdme~:1t is still il'.'.lFtinent . 0 11 Today a nessage frori tl~e beachhead announced thPt f-'. jett:isoned Germrn bornb harl_ s~L1 1'..c1r in t)· e other r:r -.;ound: '1F; ~9r,1e,~ nt Do'7' the rPdio orerator 8.'10 r1 r:' ver o'"' tr,e rr-Ldio j,)er r:.--y' +1·,ree o,... tl1r-, eic-;]1 t T'.F 1 s ;1.0 J-,r,,1 been taken up to the br~ dceher,_d last 1veek P s ri. p;uard for General Clt1rk I s imnedlnte C} . T1.--o of the Gcmerr,1 1 s jeeps h9d been dameged by i'ra~r,rmts, anc1 his van, r>.lt'-i01rnh rlaced in a tnnnel near +,he r0Jazzo Por 0 :hese hrd been dnmager1 1,-;; blR.st . I 1 \ Gener.s 1 Clark +,oda r rGcei vr:,cl tre follow5 nc:; cA blr-; fro"! G--i1P.rP 1 J\le-'rn.nu.er . T'A 1007. 11 I have rt'eceived the +:'ollo 0 "in,q; r;1essag fror:·1 General -~isenl 0 1 19r . 1 All rorr last ;,rear I s terT'l'T!etes now 7 n the United 1~i n.-=;dori. Pre follo"ring :lour operAtions 1.'ii th 1 :een r9ri J.ization of the innurnere hle o bstP. clec. you Rre encountc~rj ng rnd with comrJ.ete +>p:ith :i11 ~¥"c:..:: ahilHy to remove them . The unbre8h1ble solidPrit:r of the '"eciiterrono,c,n "'.rounr1 , navnl, P5-r cornr'lflnd ·,ill win through to total victory just as it emerged triur'1phant :f'ror,1 tre discour::i-:;ing cJjfficulties of Jast winter I s Tunisian car,'paign. We dPsire especially to conve;r to :rou Pnd to GenerPl Cl.,.,r 1" our lasth1e; con+'5_clence ln your leac:er•Jhip a 1d our :rride j n your FJap;n:ificent troops . Cunnin1=;h2m , Teclder, Srdtr Gnc1 P.11 the oth0rs here share m;r regTet that we can novr be with you only jn spirit 1,ut r,11 of us send 2.. rroud salute to :rou 8110 to all the Allied o·~f:i cers 8nd men that mak:e up your great f'ir;ht:i ng co:ri:riaml. 1 n n.r-r 0 1 1 111:~ ..:•-r:; 1·JZA u0--F1 :rrnJ.A :,:y 14, 1944--Genern 1 Clnr}:: toctwr, still :;:·,c;cow,rin~ "'rori his cold, remained at his comrr1.'.,."lr1 rost vc:-n nnd Pttsrrideo to Pdr1 4 n.:istr,,tive ,~Ptters and held a number of' conferences . At lCCO in t 1"e norni'1.p; r,9 tPlked ui tJ--, Colonel Hj ckel1r1ait and reviewer] '7ith him n number of r8cords on court mn.rtir..l cases . At 1100 L~ entenant G8nernl Pnders o-f' the -Jnd Folish Corps and BrigPdier :c'rith, British Liaison ( Pficer , togeth<;r ,,uh Lt . Co1. Szym<"nski, c"lled on General Clark. The GarpPthian Division o-f' the Fol:ish Corns adjoins the Fiftt, Army on the rj ,·ht, ½einG the left :lan], 0lement of the 1-;;iR:hth FTFJ.:f. <\ f'ter lunch the C,AnerP 1 received P call ,:>rorn GenerR 1 ?rev1,urg v ho cl-i scussed at sorre len-rth thA rrobl0m of bomGing the Abbey l"t Cassino . GenerP.l Frevhurg sa:ic1 thrt if he was to tRl:e the r~onr ster:,r Fill the \bbey- •'To11ld hn.ve to be f'lAt tened; h8 conld not be responsible :or the cnrture or fRilure to C"pture ·if tl e .A½bey 1vere left as Rn obstPcle . As 1 ';:ener,:il Freyhm·g was le,.,,ving, Gnnerc1l Jnin arriV8d , Pho the t"rO had a short tal1(. Gener2l ,Juin expressed t};e ide2 thRt fla+,ten5no; the Abbe;r wns unnecess,g_r,, n.s troors co111d by-rass :it nno tlvm smoke 0 1 0 I I �it ,·he'1 tJ1e +>·-.,11.1 rlcc-':s 4ve 7 n,,.,tt9r ·rqs rll c ec 4 dec1 . ""UC\ rn_q r-ut GP.nerrl ,;,.,,,,, ·bur,.,. 0"' . "'['j_(' tJ'1rt tbe Generel Juin 7, Pll ·ent u-~ 81Y1 1-~d fl t.nl1" ·:itl-i r',<;n9rrl c1~rk . Qr>'1 ,rrl •vr,•, jYJ. f'rvor of ST'eer1·• rit,tp0i- . F9 3w·c1 "''1Ce l O"'Rstery Fill wrs rer1 ced a', ~.l'1"1CJdi,-,te rush +>or•Aro ,.,.' 4 1,, ... , 9 r9T""<l'1'1 ·ere -till ',roren "1 4 P-1,,-1- rrocuce sr10 '1cl4n re""ult::; . T·e sP~c1 , h0 ever, ' e nul'i 09:'.:'lor0 " lcY'"' r:-=,riod of orw 11.~ i.nt4 011. ·"ollow" nr: t} "l ottr"c1· 0'1 t e h 4 ll before tl"e ~ :ri~ral atk c 1c 11ent ""OT'"/U'O.. G9;1e:Ml Cln.r1r S"'id to G0;,"9rnl Ju-'..n tl-iPt h-"' ','T"S t"c 0'18 bri~ht srot jn R tou,c:;'1 ('!'1 a"1(1 tr<>t he, C're>1crPl vlRr'r , '""S iu~t "'S rn..xious to att8Ck %"It tre e,rlies+, 1o~s::.'1le mo nnt f!S Qr,119r~,1 Ju:;.n '"'A.'J . .Tuin I I G"'nerrl CJ.'•rlr t 1~11 ''rent clc m • _.t G0n0r"l Juin t0 tl 8 but "''1.rl wve hi.n t•m '~ottles o.c> c' "'"T ~'lfl, "lld nll hpnrls hrid a 1 rin1• o+> "'herry to thn s,wcess o" the f'rrt co·ina rttRck. Gon.9r<>l crville tb9n cr>mc tc s9e (}nnArR 7 Cl-or1r, P'1C t ey hPd a t~lk ::-bout F1jr surror~ f'cr +he -i'ortrco"!~ri • op"r:1Vo11s of t e -nifth trn:r. * * * PRESENZANO-•P:EmUARY 15, 1944-Today the Anr:, Commander remained at his command post attending to administrative matters. The air program JrOT.ided tor bombing Cassino monastery with tour groups of "Fortresses" beginning at 0930, and the large tormtions passed directly- over the comnand post. As the planes were eoming over, 16 bomba were released by mistan. One or these hit near the com• •nd post, sending a number or fragments through the Commanding General's area. Fortunately- no one was hurt. The ••sages f'rom the beachhead during the day- indicated that the night 14/15 was fairly quiet bat that air activity- b7 the Germans built up towards the close of the da7 and finally- caused considerable damage in the port. At 0230, RN 5860, VI Corps radioed that the night quiet and that there we.a nothing to report. •s RN 5886, from VI Corps, reported patrol actions at various points bat a quiet night in general. By VI Corps message RN 443, an air attack south of Garroceto was reported by 12 ME•s and n•s with only slight damage. A message f'rom General Lucas at 1750, RN 452, reported three bombing end strafing attacks on front line troops with one rE 109 shot down. At 2055 the following dispatch was received: RN 461. "Air raidl!I port tonight destroyed one LCT with gasoline. One Liberty, Yale, had ,,.o ne hold damaged by fire, other re,rts of Liberty may be damaged but are under control. Air activity of enemy noticeable during the day. Several ME'a shot down. Frederick reports enemy front lines closer in and more strongly held on his front. Power reports our artillery and mortars have caused man:, enemy casualties in factory area." * * * �PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 16, 1944•-General Clark's notes of today's activities follow: 1 "This morning I attended a conference with General Alexander. The first subject to be discussed was his disa~int~nt in the way Lucas was handling the Corps Commander's job in the Anzionr:ldgehead. I knew this was mming, for he had discussed it with me previously and, to be perfectly frank, I am not 100% satisfied with the hold Lucas has taken on that situation. When Alexander told me he was dissatisfied, I asked him to tell me why, and from what sources he ob• tained his information. He told me that Lucas was older than hie age, he was old physically and mentall,-, was tired, had no flash and was not at all familiar with the deta.ils of' the situation. I had found Lucas, on my many- trips there, unfamiliar with many details, and I had urged him to send out members of his staff' and to go out himself' and satisfy himself with conditions as they were. Alexander had to admit to me that moat ot his inf'orma.tion came from General Penny, Commanding General or the let British Division. I told Alexander that as long as we were discussing personalities and being perfectly !rank, that my trip up there a few days ag0 had revealed from Lucas, Truscott, Harmon and Eagles that none or them had any confidence in Penny. This shocked Alexander, and he repl1.9d that he had confidence in him, to which I replied, "Nature.117, tor you appointed him". I told him I was making no request for Penny's relief' but that I did believe that a change in Lucas would be advisable but under no oircumstanees would I hurt Lucas, for he had performed well as CoJllllanding General of the VI Corpe from Salerno north and in the initial landing at Anzio. He had la.eked some aggressiveness after the landing, al.though allegations that he could have gone to his objective or to Rome were ridiculous, for had he done so with any force he would have been cut orf from his bridgehead. •r told Alexander t~t I would put Truscott in aa Deput7, 0 1Daniel to commam the 3rd Division, Sherman to be second in eomnand of 3rd Division a!!rl Darby to command Shermn•a Regiment, the 7th Infantry. Alexander asked what staff' l would provide Truscott with, and when he appeared to dictate this, I told hi11 that that ns a matter that I would handle. "I haw sent the following radiogram to Lucas: RN 1741. 'Orders issued this date as follows: Major General Truscott re- lieved from command of 3rd Division and assigned as Deputy Commander, VI Corps. Brigadier General O'Daniel to command 3rd Division. Colonel Darby transferred trom Ranger Force to 3rd Dinsion. All assignments to take etf'ect 17th February. I desire that Colonel Sherman be designated as Acting Assistant Division Comtllfimer and that De.rby be placed in command of Sherman's Regiment. Acknowledge.' "I told Alexander that l would not relieve Lucas in the middle of the battle ) which is currently taking pl.ace for, while a change seemed necessary, it might make matters worae to do it at the present moment while the Germns are attacking. "I urged Alexander to release the 169th Brigade of the 56th DiVision to me immediatel,-, and told him again how I disapproved of hia ~equirement that it have 7 da711' recreation before moving to the bridgehead. He t.1.nall7 gave in. •r told Ale:xamer that 1n the current situation 1n the bridgehead I was taking all Ill Air SUpport off of Frey-burg's Cassino af'f'air and diverting it to the \ \ �bridgehead in aeoordance with Lucas• request. He was displeased, but I told him that it was 1IY' f'irm desire and that as Army Commander I would indicate m7 priorities to the air. I also asked that tomorrow, the 17th, an all-out air ef'fort be made in the bridgehead, including Strat•a, Tactical and llI Air Force, aa well as the Desert Air Force. I told him I was desirous of maintaining the impetus of the attack in Cassino and 110uld attempt to put some Desert Air Force on the Cassino front this af'ternoon, which I did to Freyburg'a satisfaction. I also have arranged for Freyburg's missions to be continued tomorrow in the Cassino area by some of the Desert Air Force, the balance being added to the all• out air attack in the Anzio area. "I told Deirers, who happened to be here, of my prnpoeed changes in personnel He agreed that it waa a good idea. 1 in the Anzio area. I.. -1 •I want to record m:r definite feelings that Admiral Cunningham has been as uncooperative as possible in this SHINGLE Operation. Yesterday- Lucas asked for cruiser gmf' re support am did not get it. Today he asked again. Admiral Cun- 1 ninghu will give it onl,7 if' it comes from Lucas through his liaison of'fioer, not honoring 'lfl1' request.• In the af'ternoon General Cl.ark received a call from Brigadier General Sewez the French Arnr:, who commands the 4th r.oroccan Mcuntain Division. The first of the division personnel is coming in, but its mules, which are an essentiel part of' its equipment, will be very slow in arriving. However, General Juin proposes to put the first combat teem, with General Sewez in command, under General DeMontaa.bert as soon as it gets in. · or General Clark today received a copy of' the fb llowing cable from Admiral Morse to the British Naval Liaison Officer of' VI Corps: "Following received from Nava.l Officer in charge Anzio begina: 'Shelling or town and port has increased. More than one gun ta.king i:art and firing more accurately-.' Request you will bring this to personal notice of G.o.c., VI Corps. Should shelling of port continue the maintenance of Army will decrease, am that the only remedy ia action by our own forces to silence these guns and thus prevent your vital line of' snppl.,- being jeopardized." General Clark cabled General Lucas as follows: RN 1740. "If you will eub111it target requests thru your Naval Commander 1ilich justify second cruiser, Ad• 1tiral Cunningham states it will be sent. Advise action taken." Personal to Lucas from Clark. RN 1738. •weather permitting an extremel.,heavy all-out air program will be executed on Anzio front tomorrow. Let me lmow earliest possible time the natur8 of request you made for naval gunfire support for today. CINC MED of'f'ice here sa)'S that no request tor cruiser was received from Naftl Task Force Col!Dll&.nder in Anzi.o area. Possible that Commander estimated that he could provide necessary support using destroyers only. I shall follow up this failure as soon aa further information is received from you. One cruiser surely will be aftilable tomorrow. Am endeavoring to arrange for second one." * * l * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 17, 1944•-This morning at 0930 General Devers arrived by cub plane which General Clark had sent to Mareianise for him. Gemral Devers conferred �all morning with General Cl.ark and sta,ed to lunch, together with Generals Keyes and Crane. General Clark's notes on the conference with General Devera follow: "Had a long talk with General Devers this morning. Items were as f'ollowsz UJ..IEF OF LUCAS "He feels as Alexander does - that General Lucas should be relieved. His estimte of Luca.a ia that he is extremely tired, mentally and physic&lly, and should be taken out. I told him that I bad already initiated steps in that direction. I will assign Lucas as lff1' Deputy, but Devers will attempt to have him returned to the United States without in any wa-r hurting him. l INTERFERENCE FROM ACMF "Told Devers of the increasing interference I was receiving from ACMF in operational and logistical mtters pertaining to Firth Army affairs but that I could handle it. m.§CU§SIQN OF A ~ "H• indicated that, whereas no decision had been arrived at on ANVIL, it looked aa though it would not amount to much a.?Xl feels that I should remain with the Firth Arrq, whioh, of aourse, suits me. I told him that was a matter tor det9l"lllination by the 1t'f: Department. I had no other desire than to command the Firth Army in bsttle and to the successful 00ncl.usion of this war. "I explained to hint the difficulties in this allied command or having Bri• tish subordimte commanders do exactly what I desire. I told him in man)" cases it was almost impossible to handle them like Ameriaan oomma?Xlers where orders were giV9tl and compliance demanded. ACW TAKING OVER MANAGEMENT OF ANZIO BRIDGEHEAD "He indicated to me that there was a feeling that ACMF might take over the management of the beachhead. He did not feel that it should be done and asked for my opinion. I told him that was a matter for higher headquarters to determine, but later, after I had thought over the matter, I told him that from the administrative point of view it would be most difficult for Alexander to handle the American units in that area. I think it is the desire of Alexander to disassociate Fifth Army from those troops in the Rome area. It might be a good solution to do it that way, for I feel that Alexander is not using all the means available - namely the Eighth ArJey'. Either a solution of Eighth Army taking over this front and Fifth Army the bridgehead, or ACMF taking over the bridgehead might be a ePod solution. I can state that it certainly is a tremen• dous burden which I am carrying with five corps, one of which is isolated by sea some 100 miles away. I :feel that we can do it, end hope to keep it up, but if' a ' change is ma.de I have no objection. "De,rers assured me of his desire to assist in all ways he could. He seems to understand the difficult position which we rl?Xl om-selves in with the entire Mediterranean now in British bands. I explained to him my difficulties with the New Zealand Corps. I also told him that, although the replacement situation was �getting better, it was still far t.rom satisfactory• that I have the 34th Division with approximately 4,000 replacements required which S1ould go to them today, and I won 1t be able to get any to them for probably a week, resulting in a week's delay in the return or that unit to oombat. "I urged Devers to get the Fifth Army 111 th all American units in it, with none other except perhaps French, and that when the French can bring in enough to form an Arra:,, there should be three armies - The British Eighth with all British Units, a French Army and the Fifth All American and that with those three armies, forgetting ANVIL, with the 85th and 91st Divisions added, we could drive up to northern Italy. He agrees with me heartily', but let• a see what ean be done." In the afternoon General Cl.ark received a call from Colonel Eddy who is the officer in charge of development at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Colonel Eddy is making a tour of the battlefront to exhibit to American officers new items of equipment which have been developed. He put on a demonstration of various weapons this morning and a motion picture for selected officers this afternoon, showing the technique of emplo,ment of the new developments. During the tomorrow. L•5 cub planes, making the trip head evening General Clark determined to make a trip to the beach• For this trip he set up his PT Boa.ts, his C•47 and his two new in order that he might select the most appropriate means for in the morning. * * * PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 18, 1944-•By 0530 General Clark was examining the latest dispatches from the beachhead. He determined to make the trip by cub and left the cub strip piloted by Major Walker, with a stand-by plane following him, at 0830. He arrived at the beachhead approximately an hour later, landing on the Nettuno airfield. The airfield was un:ler shellfire, but no shells hit on the strip as the General was coming in, and he landed safely. General Cl.ark's notes on the trip follow: "The situation was tense in the bridgehead, so I flew by cub to that area. I was escorted by two Spitfires up and four be.ck. It was about the only way to get in there fast, for the airfield was under heavy shellfire, and I had to go in some plane in which I could come down on a road if the field was being shelled or damaged at any time. The trip was uneventful. Went immediately to ~ Lucas, where I soon met Harmon, Eagles, Truscott, Eveleigh, Baehr, Keiser and Lewis. The situation was confused. Lucas is tired - very tired - but I did not take him out because it was in the middle or a be.ttle and although Truscott had reported the night before he was not sufficiently into the western sector picture to take over. It would have been a great mistake, in my opinion, to have me.de the change in the middle or this p1,rticular fight. "The situation was confused. The 179th Infantry had not performed well - \ Eagles admitted it. I suggested that he relieve Kammerer and that I would put Colonel Darby in oomnand. This was done. In the western sector a heavy German attack had carried the line to the final bridgehead position, where the British were apparently in good shape, but the 179th was disorg8nized. The 180th Infantry stuck out like a sore thumb to the east. The leading battalion of the 157th �on the west was out of contact with the rest or the regiment and was short or food and ammunition. Efforts of the 3rd Battalion, 157th, to join it had been f'utile. I was afraid that it had been cut off. One battalion or the 6th Armored Infantry had been committed at the underpass to ease the situation. l "At the conterenoe, Lucas and Truscott wanted to mke a counterattack and decided that Harmon shot1ld counterattack that afternoon. I felt that a proper counterattack could not be coordinated in that short time. It was then about 1030. I suggested that they hold the shoulders on either side or the penetration readjusting in the 180th sector; that all commanders go forward to their front line units and take hold of the situation and make it plain that they hold to the last man on the final bridgehead position; that Harmon's 6th In• rantry, less one battalion already committed ( that made only two weak batta• lions or his - 550 men in each) reinforced bya battalion or the .30th Infantry in reserve and supported by tanks, attack from the general area 9128 to the northwest with the tanks along the road and the infantry veering more to the west, and that plans be mde for the .3rd British Brigade and 169th Brigade to make similar counterattacks from the underpass area to the northeast, should this become necessary. This plan was adopted. Lucas issued the instructions., and the commanders lef't. "I discussed with Lucas the possibility of a parachute drop in his rear area and that careful planning should be made to break up any nuisance raid like this without alarming any of the bridgehead personnel. "I checked carefully on the organization of their final bridgehead position and am of the opinion that it was not thoroughly followed up by Lucas or his staff. I may be wrong on this point. "I discussed with Keiser the necessity of organizing other units, anti• aircraft and what not, for possible reserves in an emergency - this they had thought or. "I went with Truscott to the 45th Division commnd post where I saw Paul Pascal, second in command of the division. He con.firmed the situation on the front of the 45th Division and had already taken steps to readjust the front of the 180th Infantry to conform to the withdrawal or the 179th. "I then went to Harmon's command post, where he was calling a conference of his commanders to prepare the plans for a counterattack in the morning. Harmon told me that two companies of his tanks had operated on the road running northwest from 9128 earlier in the day and if it had not been for his tanks there might have been a minor crisis in that area, for a battalion of the 179th had withdrawn precipitously to the rear when confronted by superior German forces. He told me his tankers had killed about 125 Boche. All during the af• / ternoon, f'rom latest reports, his tanks operated successfully in that area. I then returned to Lucas command post. "I did not go to see Templar because Lucas and Eveleigh and at such a tense period I felt it unwise to inject myself post at the same time. I again discussed the situation with and told Truscott or m:, plan to put him in command of the VI Lucas into my Army as Deputy until something else developed. were visiting him, into his command Lucas and Truscott Corps and to bring I told Truscott �that I would take out Keiser and Hill at the same time, and he could take Carleton as his Chief of Staff and his 3rd Division Deputy as his G-3. He asked for Campbell as his Artillery Officer, and I denied him that reqmst temporarily. I returned by plane to T'ltY command post in the afternoon. That's quittl a lone• some trip in a cub, but it is a quick way of getting up and be.ck. "At night I discussed plans with General Freyburg. He oould not continue ~ his Indian Division attack on the monastery until the night of the 20th. I urged him to speedier action, knowing it would be to no avail. You can •t hurry these Britishers." The General returned to his command post at 1515 and innnediately summoned General Gruenther, and after discussing the tactieal situation at the bridgehead and on the Cassino front, he called in General Saville and General Brann and went over the situation with them. The attack of the Germans against the beachhead is in considerable force and is potentially very dangerous. General Clark today dispatched the following cable to Admiral Morse. RN 3590. "Fully appreciate present difficulties of port of Anzio 110rking under enemy shelling. We are doing all we can now by counter battery and air attack to deal with enemy batteries and intend to resume offensive and enlarge bridgehead at earliest practicable moment. I am deeply grateful to the British and American personnel who are performing difficult tasks efficiently and cheerfully. I am especially appreciative of the work of the port parties under the leadership of Captain Turner." Later in the day the following reply was received from Admiral Morse. RN' 1175. "Message is tremendously appreciated, most grateful. It is being passed to all concerned. Good luck."' * * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 19, 1944--General Clark remained at the command post throughout the day where he held a number of conferences. General Clark's notes concerning the activities and conferences of to dny are as f ollolvs: "I received the following letter from ACJF: IDST SECRET STJBJEC'l': Regi:ouping. TO Fifth Army. : H.g. -1, A. ••C. M,F. 1. Now that N.Z. Corps has been comrni t ted 1.t is essentiitl to carry out further regrouping to provide a fresh reserve with which to continue the battle. 2. The main factors in the solution of this problem appear to be:- �96 (a) 88 U.S. Div. is the only formation not yet committed. It has, it is understood, one R.C.T. fully equipped now and the rest of the Division should be complete between now and the end of February. It has had no previous battle experience and should therefore be put into a reasonably quiet part of the front to start with. (b) 34 and 36 U.S. Divs. have had a period of very heavy fighting and require first a period to reorganise and then a per1.od in a quiet pa.rt of the front. (c) 46 British Div, will very shortly be i.n the process of being relieved by 4 British Division, which must also be given a period in a reasonabl.7 quiet sector before being committed to offensive operations. (d) 10 Corps Fro~~ will for physical reasons remain the most quiet sector for some time to come, and offensive operations there can be confined to brigade attacks with limited objectives without detriment to the general plan. (e) No more troops can be withdrawn from Eighth Army front. (f) 5 Br, Div, hes not had a very arduous time since the fighting around rAINTURNO died down, and, after a short period out of the line, should be fit for offensive operations. 3. After full consideration of the factors set out in para 2 above, the C in C suggests the following as perhaps the most satisfactory way of creating a new reserve:(a) General Intention, (1) 88 u,s, Div. to begin to relieve 5 British Div at once. Reli.ef to continue as fast as the components of 88 Div can be equipped. (ii) 5 Br. Div. to come into A.C.M.F. reserve on relief. (iii)34 U.S. Div. to relieve 46 British Div as soon as the former can be got fit to take its place again in the line. (iv) H.Q. 2 U.S. Corns to relieve H.Q. 10 Corps, command to pass with relief of 46 British Div by 34 U.S. Div. (v) 36 u,s, Div, to be withdrawn into Fifth Army reserve as soon as its extraction from the line can be effected as a result of the converging advance of N.Z. and French Corps. 4. The C in C wishes to discuss the above proposals with Commander Fifth Ar1If1 as soon as General CLARK returns from the bridgehead and has had time to study the problem. Please report by telephone when General CLARK is in a posi• tion to discuss the matter. Meantime the C in C suggests that plans be prepared to put regrouping proposals into effect in the shortest possible space of time once a definite decision has been reached. It is vital to the maintenance of the momentum of the battle that any relief to be effected should be completed �91 without loss of time so that the troops required for further offensive operations get the maximum time for reorganization out of the_ line. /s/ A. F. HARDING Lt. Gen., C.G.S. PWM/gb ~9 Januy, 1944 (Changed by yhone call from 18 February, 1944 ACMF /s/ Wood) INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION: M.A. P.A. P.A. Gen. to C-in-c to C.G.S. to D.C.G.s. ROBERTSON B.G.s. (G(Ops) "It really shocked me. There is nothing in it that I agree with. It is indicative or ACMF's willingness to delay this operation indefinitely. In compliance with its le.st pers.graph, I called General Lemnitzer and told him I was ready to discuss it at any time - the sooner the better - and requested that General Alexander, who was visiting Freyburg this morning, to drop by this afternoon. I later received word that he would come to see me tomorrow morning. "I am convinced that we must do something now. I have been so hamstrung and jockeyed by higher headquarters that the Firth Arrrr:, has lost a great deal of ) its power to control its own tactical operations, but I will insist, as long as / I am Comnander, on presenting my views and demanding their execution as far as possible. "I intend to recommend that the French attack toward Atina, the II Corps, leading with the 88th Division, making a holding attack in the direction TerelleRoccaaecca, with the Indians attacking from the Monastery towards Piedmonte, with the New Zealand Division and the 78th Division attacking abreast across the Rapido up the Liri Valley and with 10 Corps attacking from the Minturno area after re• grouping in the direction of S. Giorgia. This will meet opposition by Alexander, but I am convinced if we are to get going it must be done this way. It is abso• lutely impossible to mass for an attack doffll the Liri Valley without first se• curing the commanding elevation on one fiank or the other, particularly in view of the heavily defended defenses prepared after months of German occupation in that area. "I called Keyes and Sloan, Commanding General of the 88th Division, for a conference, and they agreed, as do my G-J and Chief of Staff. "I conferred with Air Marshal Slessor and Major General Joe Cannon, of the TAF today, urging all-out air support of the battlefield in the bridgehead. I &eked these air experts if they could make it possible, through air power in direct support or my Army, to go down the Liri Valley without securing the elevation on at least one side. They agreed that they could not. "Gener&l Wilson called on me this morning, and I had a very frank conversation with him. He is always considerate, and I feel wants to be helpful. I �explained the situation in detail in the bridgehead and told him that he, the Navy, the Air and the Ground had a. commitment there which they must appreciate ) and support. I told him the Navy had not given me support and had acted in many high-handed ways, particularly in trying to cut my tonnage when I must have a certain tonnage there to support the necessary troops to hold the bridgehead and to build up some small reserve. As an example of interference, an I.ST loaded with equipment for the 169 Brigade, which I had rushed into the bridge• head, was in the port of Ando last night when a mine scare was raised by the Navy. The naval officer promptly closed the port and sent this I.ST with its valuable cargo· out to sea. I told General Wilson that I needed the 85th Divi• sion. He said he would send it early in March. I told him that this theater was being criticized for not massing our means. I asked him where my means were with which to mass. I explained my entire plan of maneuver in this area - the Liri Valley attack versus the Mount Cairo attack, coupled with a Liri Valley effort. He agrees that it is necessary to secure the high ground before sticking one's head into the Liri Valley trap. I told him of General Alexander's propo• sal as contained in the re-grouping letter referred to above. I rather felt, although he did not say so, that he did not agree with those proposals. "General Wilson asked me what I thought of General Penney's handling of the British 1st Division in the bridgehead. I told him that I was not too satisfied with it, nor were the other American Division Commanders with whom he worked. General Wilson indicated that he did not think Penney had handled his job well. I told Wilson that I had so reported to General Alexander. "Word from the bridgehead today has been increasingly cheerful. The counterattack arranged for yesterday by the Armored Division apparently has produced results. The "lost battalion" of the 157th is in contact with the rest of its regiment. Appt.rently the 179th has been relieved and is holding fast on its final bridgehead position. Harmon reports his tanks killed about 400 Germans. This is probably emggerated, but it must have been good shooting. "I told General Wilson that as long as the German kept six or seven divisions in the bridgehead area it would be futile for us to attempt to attack to gain our final objective at Colli Le.ziali, for we can not build up sufficient force in the bridgehead to overcome that much resistance; that I would lay in some extra supplies and import extra troops to regain more elbow room in the bridgehead and then dig in, relieving troop unit personnel to take over equip• ment of units going out and to build up in the Cassino area to join up with the bridgehead force. · "I have sent Colonel Bowman, my Engineer, up there to start advising on putting amnrunition dumps underground and on securing a bridgehead which can be held by defensive works by the minimum of troops." The following important messages were received and dispatched today: The Army Commander received the following cable yesterday, RN MI.479, from General Eisenhower; "Dear Wayne: In all the years I have known you I have never been prouder of you than during the past strenuous weeks. Despite every diffi• culty you are obviously doing a grand job of leadership with your chin up. I read the fine message ;rou recently" sent to your troops. Together with men like Al and Truscott you are writing history that Americans will always read with pride. Signed Ikett. l �General Clark today replied to General Eisenhower as follows, RN 3257: ttNothing in the world could have given me more encouragement than your message received during the last hectic night. I had just conferred with all comman• ders and visited units in bridgehead. British and American troops are fighting as usual with their chins up. I believe the Boche has shot his wad today, ) although I may be wrong. We are holding today and inflicting heavy casualties upon him. Air and Navy supporting us admirably. Thanks a million for your thoughtfulness. Al sends regards." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 538. "Last night have closed port Anzio because of mines. I immediately contacted Captain Turner and notified him equipment of 169 Brigade on 3 ISTS's was vital tor today's operation. LST's mean• while had put to sea, and Turner reports despite all attempts to this hour he has been unable to reach LST's to bring them into port. If certain equipment does not reach 169 by 0900 hours this brigade may be unable to counterattack today." From AFHQ to CG, Fifth Arm:y. R1f R/35-3919. ttpart 1: Following under• water explosion l LST sank off Ponxa Island on 16 February. Part 2: Cruiser ,,,...Penelope sunk in same area morning- 18 February probably by U-boat. Hunt in progress. Penelope was returning from giving fire support with Dilo in Ageio area morning 17 February. Part 3: Destroyers pa.trolled in Vis channel off Menders Point and off the Albanian coast during night 16/17 February, but nothing was sighted. Part 4: PT boats intercepted the enemy destroyers or · minelayers off Capraia during night 17/18 February and delivered torpedo attack results unobserved. Part 5: m&S/M on patrol off' French Riviera attacked escorted M/V on 8 February 1 escort vessel believed sunk. 60 ton schooner also sunk by gunfire on 15 February." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 539. "In your 3629, anti-personnel mines have been installed on final beachhead position and also on positions forward thereof held by our forces. Final beachhead position organized by continuous line of coordinated strong points with dug in positions protected by weapons, mines and wire except on right flank where Canale Mussolini is defended as continuous obstacle covered by weapons and by mines and wire at likely avenues or approach. Work continuing on this line and reserve line shown on overlay Field Order 22 this headquarters, 17 February. See mine data on overlay "Location of minefields 162400 Februs.rY" file Engineer, Fifth Army. Right flank canal mine installations not recorded at time above overlay published." Personal Clark from Lucas. RN 542. "Absolutely essential all-out air effort today. Have identified elements of at least five German divisions in salient. All roads into salient must be constantly bombed to prevent further reinforcement. In addition, enemy artillery must be constantly attacked. I believe heavy bombers must assist mediums and fighter bombers. Have made request for this support thru air officer." Personal Lucas to Clark. R?f 543. "Request you have sipply agencies give priority on shipping to 155mm gun and 81mm mortar (light) ammunition. If you can find some extra ammunition for 155 Howitzer M•l would certainly appreciate it." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 544. "Situation as to progress or oounter• attack still indefinite. However it appears to have lessened pressure on beach- �head line. Will advise you when aco~ate information available." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN .3246. "7,000 rounds 81 mortar and 10,000 rounds 155 gun anmunition being shipped today. Have asked Newton to explain to 0 1:Yeill ammunition status which is improving. At any time that you feel your operations are being hampered by ammunition siortages be sure to let me know." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 548. "Harmon's f'oroe making progress slowly having advanced about 2t kilometers on arc from point 90328.3. Several hundred prisoners taken. Our artillery, air and weapons fire has reduced enemy fight• ing strength considerably according to PW reports. Situation on 56 Division front remains generally satisfactory but some enemy infiltration has made con• tact with some companies obscure. Would like inf'ormation on Cassino front operations if' available." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN 3254. "Am pleased that counterattack has eased your situation. Apparently 45th position has stabilized. What is status and position of 169 and 3rd Brigades? Hope air eff'ort has helped. Feel you have done exceedingly well in today's fighting. Still struggling at Cassino where severe fighting oontinues." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 551. "Essential that 54,580 rounds 105mm Howitzer &mmUnition originally scheduled f'or coaster but deducted from Liberty David Terry cargo arrive without delay and preferably by truck so that unload• ing may be assured regardless or weather. It is likewise essential that allocation and shipment this type ammunition be materially increased for period February 22 to March 3 due to heavy expenditures of past 48 hours and expectation that similar expenditures will be necessary in the near future because or tactical situation with which you are familiar." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 452. "Counterattack by Harmon force highly successful. Pressure on beachhead line relieved. Estimated large number enemy casualties and at least 250 PW 1 s taken. Majority expressed f'ear our artillery fire and bombing. Will outpost line 887282 - 898295 • 903300 - 902.312 tonight and withdraw bilk of H force vicinity 915280 prepared to counterattack tomorrow to northwest or north as sitmtion warrants. 169 Brigade being moved vicinity 8430 prepared to counterattack to northeast tomorrow. Situation at present more favorable but all out air effort will be essential to check and break enemy renewed attacks expected." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 553. "Due to S1ortage or infantry in beachhead and looking to accomplishment your fut~e offensive plans, I strongly recommend despite arrival of 18 Brigade, 24 Guards Brigade remain in this sector. The Guards, although depleted, are still a splendid fighting unit of great value in emergency. Suggest replacements forwarded here where brigade could be refitted and utilized in an offensive." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 561. "Situation at present generally quiet and stabilized along front. Small air raid on port, no damage reported. Enemy artillery on both forward and rear troop areas increased during late afternoon. Advance of one ,oompany of Harmon's tanks north of underpass on Albano road caused approximately 150 prisoners. Small company attacks with some tanks one �95 let't flank of 3 Division, all repulsed. Air effort today accomplished superb \ results that cannot be simply expressed. Please inform all air personnel of the troops appreciation. 3rd Brigade remains corps reserve. 169 Brigade baa all troops and equipment ashore. Prepares to relieve two battalions 157 and second battalion 6th Infantry west of Albano-Anzio road tomorrow night, prepared to counterattack to northeast. Appreciate your news from Cassino front. Express our regards to troops there." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN 3276. "Thoroughly agree with your 553. Will do all in my power to comply with your wishes. Am expediting arrival of lB Brigade all possible." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN 3278. "Reference your 452, congratulate Harmon on his success today. Again I want to tell you that your accomplishments today have been outstanding. Keep it up. I think your proposed dis• positions of Harmon and 169 Brigade for possible counterattack roles tomorrow are exactly correct. We have laid on an all-out air program for tomorrow, the success of which is dependent on good weather. We are praying for that." Personal Lucas from Clark. RN 3279. 11 105 ammunition referred to in your 551 will be shipped by truck beginning 22 Febru.a:ry. Ship with 95,000 rounds due Naples tomo1Tow and will be moved to Anzio immediately. Will do everything possible to insure that you do not run short of ammunition." * * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 20 1 1944--General Clark's notes of today's activities are as follows: "Called a conference at 0900 with General Juin, GenerAl Roosevelt and General Carpentier this morning in order to discuss the French Expeditionary Corps capabilities in the Fifth Army attack from the Cassino front. They are most anxious to go to Atina. I had always known this but knew that it was a divergent attack which may or may not contribute to the main effort. I also knew that General Alexander was opposed to their attacking in that direction. Juin indicated that he did not have the capability in his weakened condition to attack to the west from Terelle on Roccasecca. I find so many details had not been worked out by my staff I broke up the meeting, deciding I would see Juin later in the day. Met with General Alexander at 1030 with Harding and with Gruenther. Took up his proposal for regrouping and told him I was opposed to it. Whereas I had anticipated a stormy session, it worked out alright. I pointed out why the Americans should not take over from 10 Corps, mainly for logistical reasons. General Alexander had not thought out his plan very well. When I asked who would take over the Campoleone area, he did not know. He astounded me by being worried about an attack on the Eighth Army front by the Germans, positively beyond their capability. He further astounded me by indicating that if the bridgehead should be lost, Kesselring would bring all his divisions down here, and we could not hold them. There is no question in my mind that we could hold them under those conditions after a little regrouping. However, the bridgehead probably will not be lost. · It was finally decided that the French will hold in their present posi- �tion and take over Castellone; that the New Zealand Corps with the New Zea• land Division, 4th Indian and 78th will take out the Abbey Cassino obstacle and cross the Rapido into the Liri Valley; 10 Corps to regroup for pressure from Y~nturno on San Giorgio and an attack as San Giorgio is threatened by the 78th Division; II Corps will be withdrawn into Army reserve, consisting of the 34th, 36th and 88th Divisions. I will direct an intensive training and rehabilitating program for the two tired divisions." General Clark invited a number of staff officers and guests to come up to his hut in the evening, have something to eat and see a movie. The party numbered 2.3 in all, including General Bronn, General Tate, Colonel Saltzman, Lt. Col. Porter and others. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: Personal Clark to Lucas. RN .3654. "When the impetus of enemy's attack has slowed down, you should promptly retake some of the terrain lost on the 45th Division front. The extent to which you are able to do this is for your determination but can more easily be accomplished the minute his attack bas spent itself. Please advise me of your intentions. Another attack scheduled for tonight in direction of Cassino Monastery." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 567. "Enemy relatively inactive during night except for aggressive pitrolling on front of 56 Division and light harrassing artillery fire in other sectors. At 0500 hours today enemy force not exceeding two companies supported by artillery fire attacked 1st Division. Attack repulsed. Greatly appreciate your understanding attitude toward our problems." Personal Sawbridge to Clark. RN 54011. for duty with a division in UK which has not matter bas not yet been presented to General you concur in release of Roosevelt. We have replace him." "Bradley wants General Roosevelt had battle experience. This Devers but in case he agrees will a Colonel Landis available to Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 569. "Situation quiet. Enemy artillery ac• tive on front of 1st and 45th Divisions, heaviest being on 2nd Battalion, 157th Infantry (85.30). Work our Air Corps continues splendid but in several instances p:i.lots apparently carelessly briefed have bombed our ground troops. Instances reported through air liaison. Damage not yet evaluated. Prisoners of war taken yesterday total 500." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN .3672. "All possible steps must be taken to further strengthen and coordinate the defenses on your final beachhead position, reinforcing with mines and wire. Has your sitmtion permitted your pushing out on the front or the 45th Division as suggested in my .3654? Believe one important factor contributing to the success of your stopping his penetration was that you held the shoulders. These must be strengthened against another attack. Regret exceedingly bombing of our own troops. You can rest assured I Mve made strong representations to air." Personal Lucas to Clerk. RN 584. "Every possible step has and is being taken to strengthen beachhead position. Reference your 3654 and 3672, situ.a- �tion today prevented our oughly agree this should be made to do so. Enemy in 1st and 45th Division pushing out in front lat and 45th Divisions. Thorbe done as soon as possible and every effort will artillery is now aetive age.inst front line elements sectors." Personal Clark to Sawbridge. RN 3687. "General Devers has been advised that Roosevelt is available. Landis is not desired as replacement. Shall submit name of recommended replacement for Roosevelt shortly." * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 21, 1944•-General Clark spent the day at his command post engaged in administrative work and conferences. In the morning he received a call from three British military commentators: Lt. Gen. Martin, Ret., of the Daily Telegram; Mr. Brandon, of the Sunday Times; and Mr. Woodham, of the Kemsley Press which publishes the Daily Sketch. In the afternoon the Chief of Staff held a staff conference in the hut to explain the latest developments to representatives of ea.ch staff section. At the close of this meeting General Clark came in and made a short talk. The General said that he had not had as much chance to meet some of the staff offi• cers in the rear echelon as he would have liked during recent weeks, due to the pressure of operations which kept him at the front most or the time, but that he was conscious of and grateful for the fine work that they were conti• nuously doing. Today orders were received for General Roosevelt to leave Headquarters Fifth Army and report to Headquarters U.S. Forces in United Kingdom where his services had been requested by General Bradley. General Roosevelt had shortly before been cited for the Legion of Merit, and on his la.st visit to the Headquarters General Clark pinned the ribbon on General Roosevelt's tunic. General Clark's notes of today's activities are as follows: "Visited General Sp=idger I s Headquarters this morni.ng and discussed with , him and his Chief of Staff plans for future operations to take Cassino. He has weakened from day to day in his ability to take the monastery. We now propose to bomb the City of Cassino heavily a.nd then to attack it with fresh New Zealand troops. If successful, this will be followed by a push directly across the Rapido River in the direction of the railroad station. I urged that he expedite in every way possible this attack. He hopes to get it off on the 24th, but of course it may be delayed. 1 "I discussed with Freyburg, and directed my G-3 to prepare, the necessary alternate plans in the event this attack on Cassino failed. "Visited II Corps Headquarters and told General Keyes to plan for a withdranl of his Corps into Army reserve prepared to follow up the New Zealand Corps attack when it gets started in the Liri Valley." In the evening General Clark had as his guests ror dinner, Brigadier General Gar Davidson and Colonel Maddox of Force 163. General Clark today received the following letter from General Juin with �98 regard to :future missions of the CEF: "I have received notice of the new purely defensive mission assj_gned to the French Corps. "You wjll not overlook that this mission, undoubtedly imposed by serious necessity, is going to have the effect of prolonging the immobilization of my divisions - principally the 3rd DIA in very exposed positions, the occupation of which, to tep. you the truth, can be justified only by offensive intentions. "I do hope then that it is only a question of a momentary holdup to faci• litate the regrouping and putting in position of new forces, and that the offensive conception of the army maneuver will be taken up again as soon as possible. "Yesterday I had the pleasure of subnitting to you my point-of-view concerning the action of the C.E.F. in this maneuver. I feel that I have to consider again that it seems to me more and more impossible, with the new extension of my front, to continue alone in the direction of TERELLE-ROCCASECCA; "I should be required, in effect, to push out from a very pronounced salient at the extremity of my front and in prolongation thereof because they are dominated on all sides by the new position of the "Adolf Hitler" line, today well organized and strongly held by the enemy. "My" action cannot be started mtlesa it would be possible to oover it from the north by simultaneous operations, and the multiplicity of tasks which take up the means left at my disposal leave little to devote to the action of breaking through in the direction of ROCCASECCA. The intervention of the C.E.F. on this flank will be without force and without effect and the army maneuver might be impaired. "Not enough importance is attached, in my humble opinion, to the role played in the ATINA region by the defensive maneuver of the enemy. "This region is a vast hollow from the rear of which roads lead to ROME which are not at all menaced by the attacks of the Fifth Army. "From ATINA, the focal point, lead out communications which permit easy supply to all the enemy front from META to ROCCASECCA. The concentration of artillery which the enemy has emplaced in this region fires just as well on ROCCASECCA as in the plain of CASSINO - S. ELIA and on the COLLI road. "Thus the region of ATINA will provide a constant menace to the flank of the army. In neglecting it one definitely limits the success of the army maneuver and would always have to cover this flank under adverse conditions. "Therefore it is necessary to take ATINA and the C.E.F. alone is in the position to do it. 11 I also feel that there is some misconception on this immediate sction of the C.E.F. towards ATINA. There is some feeling that it is a movement which is divergent rather than convergent with respect to the principal effort that has been chosen. �"This action in itself can, in effect, appear to be divergent but the net result of the effort is what counts. My precise intentions thereby in directing my effort toward ATINA would be to shorten my front by anchoring it facing west (the north flank anchored to the high ground of META and consequently more easily defended) for a subsequent action truly converging in the direction of ARCE-FR0SINONE region. "This region being the true objective envisioned by the army maneuver, it is my belief that this is the converging point of all the army efforts and not R0CCASECCA, which is only a secondary converging point. "I restate my recommendations of yesterday, that is: 1. That it would be advisable first, while waiting, to permit me to execute the ATINA maneuver which will necessarily bring about, as you will have seen, a relief of pressure on my western defensive front. 2. If this is impossible at present, to give to another division when offensive action is retaken, the mission to advance in the direction of TERELLE-R0CCASECCA, my role being limited to covering this action from the north by simultaneous attack. It must be understood that I cannot, in spite of the best intentions on my part, assume all tasks on a front abnormally extended (almost half of the entire army front). "I am sending you my purely personal thoughts which may be of some value in subsequent decisions." General Clark received the following cable from General Lucas: RN 586. "Enemy artillery active during night on fronts of 3rd, 45th and 56th Divisions, particularly in the sector 179th Infantry. Up to this hour no attacks by German infantry. Considerable activity oonsisting of gunfire and flares at sea off peter beaches about 0120 hours. Navy reports small engagement with several E boats driving them off." Personal to Lucas from Cla.rk. RN 3299. "Do not return 24 Guards Brigade until specific orders are received from me. I am doing everything possible to arrange to have Brigade remain in bridgehead. I am reasonably certain it will remain at least temporarily. Replacement problem for this brigade still unsolved." * * * PRESENZAN0••FEBRUARY 22, 1944•uGeneral Clark left his command post at 0815 and, in company with General Saville of the XII Air Support Command, rode in his L-5 to Capodichino airport at Naples. The General's two pla.nes landed at 0850, making the flight from Presenzano in 20 minutes. Generals Clark and Saville got into General Clark's Packard and drove to Pier Bin Naples harbor where the two PT Boats, the #216 and #217, were waiting to leave for Anzio. The Anzio group was composed of 22 officers and men, including Generals Clark, Saville, Hawkins, Hays, Craigie, Martin and Moran. The trip up to Anzio was almost without incident. General Clark's boat swung shoreward in the Gulf of Gaeta so that a suspicious looking craft could be investigated. It was found to contain four Italians. While the F1' 1 s machine guns were trained on the Italian �lOO boat, the men were forced to pull back the tarpaulin covering _their cargo, which turned out to be nothing but sacks of lima beans. Just as .the two PT Boats were about to enter Anzio, "Moaning Mamie", believed to be a 170mm railroad gun, began to pitch shells into the harbor of Anzio. The PT Boats waited until the firing had ceased and then sped into the docks where the party and its equipment were loaded into vehicles. General Clark, accompanied by Generals Hays and Saville, went imme• diately to VI Corps Headquarters where General Clark conferred with Generals Lucas and Truscott. The remainder of the party went to the Fifth Army Advance Command Post, now located in a castle overlooking Anzio harbor, finding that the situation in the Anzio bridgehead was relatively good and that a German concentrntion, apparently aimed at a new offensive, had been broken up yesterday evening by artillery fire. The General then went to the 3rd Division command post where he talked with Brigadier General John W. 0 1Daniel, newly designated commander of the 3rd Division. From there General Clark went to the 45th Division, where he conferred with General Eagles. Following this conference the Army Commander departed for the command post of the 1st Armored Division where he discussed the situation with General Harmon. He then decided to go to the command post of the 179th. When General Clark neared the command post, a German tank some distance away laid four shells along the road down which General Clark and his party was driving. One of the shells was within 50 yards of the jeep. After talking to officers at the regimental command post and finding they felt quite confident of their ability to halt any further German attacks, General Clark / then drove to the Headquarters of the 56th British Division, where he conferred with General Templar. He found that the 2/6 Queens had replaced the 179th Infantry Regiment in the "hot corner" south of the 11 factory" and that within 24 hours the 2/7 Queens would go in to assist and ultimately relieve the 2/6 Queens. General Clark then went to the Fifth Army Advance Command Post, arriving there at 1620. After looking over cables that had come in, including a cable from General Gruenther saying that it was relatively quiet on the Cassino front, General Clark conferred a..t some length with General Truscott. Next he had conferences with various officers at the Advance Command Fost, concerning the particular problems they faced. Last night the Germans staged one of their heaviest air raids against Anzio. One bomb struck an armnunition dump and destroyed a considerable a.mount of 105 ammunition. General Clark instructed G-4 to get all ammunition pits below the surface of the ground as soon as possible. General Clark ate at the regular officers' mess, having as his dinner guests Generals Seville, Hays, Craigie and Hawkins. Following dinner, he had a conference with General Lucas, discussing with him the general plan for General Lucas' new assignment as Deputy Commander of the Fifth Army. General Aaron Bradshaw, Commanding the 34th AAA Brigade, which is charged with anti-aircraft protection for the beachhead, was the next visitor. He told General Clark that he was particularly in need of some special radar equipment to counteract the dropping by Germans of "window" which throws the �lO l normal radar machines out of adjustment and brings a number of anti-aircraft protection difficulties. General Clark immediately sent a cable to General Gruenther telling M_m to get this equipment on the next boat to Ando. The Army Commander then conferred with Lt. Col. Wells, G-2 at the Ad• vance Command Post, and later General Moran, before going to bed. General Clark dispatched the following cables to General Gruenther who had remained back at Fifth Army Main Headquarters: RN 9796. "Situation relatively quiet with sporadic artillery fire, mainly in forward areas. Second battalion, 157th, being relieved tonight by British. When completed will give 157th Infantry, less one battalion, as additional reserve. One battalion, 30th Infantry, being committed to strengthen position in vicinity of 9431. Will leave Anzio harbor exactly 1100 hours tomorrow. Saville requests you arrange air cover. Have two cubs at Capodichino 1500 hours. Have Packard and other transportation at dock at 1430 hours. Clear return PT trip with Navy. Don't let Spadger browbeat you. Acknowledge." RN 9798. "Eagles hopes there may be a vacancy in OPDWD for Churchill. Can we take him off his hands? Acknowledge.'' RN 9799. "Bringing Johnny back with me in the morning with two aides. Issue orders by direction of the President in Truscott•s case. They should confirm my verbal orders I have issued tonight. Send on my PT Boats on 24th Brig. Gen. Fred Butler, to be Truscott•s Deputy. Also send Colonel Shepard at same time if he is not sick. Request NATOUSA to send Brig. Gen. Ramey to me immediately by air. I intend to make him VI Corps Anti-Tank Officer. Have extra car at dock for Lucas. May send him direct to Sorrento for rest. Issue orders announcing Lucas as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Acknowledge.n RN 9800. "Bradshaw has urgent need for three SCR 1 s 584. Robinson familiar with this requirement. They must be shipped by LST tomorrow." General Gruenther dispatched the following cable to General Clark re the situation at the Cassino front: RN 3712. "Bombing attack on Cassino scheduled to end noon 24th. Ground attack follows immediately thereafter. Weather prediction starting afternoon 24th is unfavorable and continues unfavorable for thr~e days. XII Air Support estimate thAt 7 heavy groups and 7 medium groups will be required and have submitted request for thnt number. Spadger says that this force is not enough. He feels that the maximum effort must be placed on the target and that no whittling down can be permitted. He has expressed his opinion rather vigorously and there may be a minor crisis developing. I believe I can handle the situation." Total Fifth Army battle casualties as of today are 72,982. * * * PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 23, 1944-•General Clark left the command post and went to VI Corps Headquarters where he again conferred with VI Corps staff officers. At 0800 he left for the 56th Evacuation Hospital. He was accompanied by two American war correspondents, Reynolds Packard of United Press and Edward Ken- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 29 - February 22, 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 29-February 22, 1944. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1568 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/4231ef35475cf7225b0d909c8da624b6.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=LQHX1LDQidaiQzQAU8wRi4mEp1uaQns9kC2Oi3RKAoqK%7EkXJkzVZw-lR12kvPyNat8cEwXHIVS3rblCxnw983xZL3T1mNglEC9gnk6YPe-h7cnq9WJKFHbRVaa0NGywiYq-Kq7wbWeCk-AvfabHD5%7E7CY6Y-V%7EzyKWfm4XDCHpXlxvM2uNuYB6ZJe9VjTgUEA3VqqnY437O4%7E-eZbeoNrP8YF9tB5tS4YCiDrhbwMpkdFWeXqyjY2lD1ucKUs44xdBLhnQc5VyGPzRjSLP5at3eWzZtEkqek4vHv6oTGDeWN7NfqQ7rm4D0ZWX6kMGKaPtdpjtFxmB-7kt7ffINAaA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 76a10ef5b5b072f818fe7865c3f7166b PDF Text Text f NOTE This is volume three of the War Diary of Lieutenant General Mark w. Clark. The first volume, covering the period June 28 to September 24, 1942, has been d eposited, in care of Brigadier General Floyd Parks, at the Army War College, Washington, D.C. The second volume, covering the period September 25, 1942, to January 6, 1943, is in the possession of First Lieutenant Jack B. Beardwood, aide-de-camp to General Clark. L Clas�ification cane lei o• changet to. .... .• .... ...... / by authori t;r of,(;� 1,..-, r- r,;y.. ,/. -� .. "i, J '-- e >1 ,,,--i / ...0 11P, ((f'-!:1 J.� .� ,J/ /YT a YI• (IV, tl�rl<.. �his post as AU:HERS-ORAN, JANUARY 6, 1945--Genera.C , Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Force and turning from a highly success­ ful job in the past to the difficult task of organizing an army and preparing it for some mission in the future, leaves Algiers at 8:25 AM for Oujda. His convoy is composed of his Packard, a jeep and an bul.1et proof Damlier. The general rides in the lead car with Colonel Sullivan, the Fifth Army Qu.arter­ master. While the general's party is trave.iing the CQast road because the Fifth Army Commander wants to re-visit the house where he met with French offic­ ials when he made his secret African rendezvous last October, the reaainder of the Fifth Army group departing from Algiers today goes west by the inland route. The general's convoy arrives at the rendezvous house, about 10 kilometers west of Cherchel, Algeria, at 10:40 AM. The house, the owner has reported previously to the general, has been under sir'leillance for the past two and a half months. When the convoy arrives, it pulls up on the highway near the house and General Clark sends his aide, Lieutenant Beardwood, up to see if anyone is home or on guard. The house, on a bluff overlooking the sea, is vacant, all the shutters being closed. The general must have made a wild dash when the police raided the house the second time. The wal.L over which he leaped is over four feet high and the bank down which the general plunged is rock and tree strewn and has a pitch of about 60 degrees. Unable to see the owner, General Clark orders the convoy to proceed. Lunch is eaten at the side of the road, four ki.iometers wast of Tenes. General Clark cooks his own soup over a canned heat fire. The convoy then pushes on. Du.ring mid-afternoon the general gets tired of being a passenger so he gets into the driver's seat of his Packard and the pace of the convoy increases. Oran is reached at 5:27 PM and the general and. his party go directly to the Grand Hotel, now the headquarters of the Mediterranean Base Section since ·departure of the II Corps to the front. General Clark confers with General Larkin, commander of MBS, concerning cooperation between the Base Section and the Fifth Army. General Ryder, who has moved back to Oran to undertake its protection now that General Fredendall has moved out with his corps, also .confers with General Clark who explains the new command and geographical jurisdiction now that the Fifth Army is activated. The general and his party remain overnight at the. Grand Hotel. -'* ORAN-OUJDA, JANUARY 7, 1945--At 7:42 AM General Clark's convoy pulls out on the last leg of the trip to Oujda and Fifth Army Headquarters. The twisting road over the mountains between Oran and Oujda is driven in a steady, cold rain. During the latter stage of the trip, the general's caravan passes convoys of United States trucks moving �astward from Casablanca and other parts of French Morocco. Some of the truck columns are parked along the road whi�e tne drivers eat or sleep. General Clark stops beside one of them and talks to the lieutenant leading the column. The general warns that the trucks must be dis­ persed farther apart since they are too close toge�her in event of strafing or bombing by enemy planes. The general arrives at his Fifth Army headquarters at 12:48 PM, going directly to his villa which is on one corner of the rambling grounds of a girl's school which is being turned into headquarters for the genera�'s new com,nand. The villa is a two-story salmon pink home. It has already been pre­ p's.red for the general I s occupancy. The e��{�¾. --��.t.S., . ?.:_),?,t�. lµ�cheon then goes _ ��v to his office. It was formerly the off'ice of the director of the school. The office, with a curved, windowed wall on one side, overlooks the dirt courtyard around which are low, white school buildings which contain other Fifth Army sections. After a brief meeting in his office with some of his section heads, General Clark makes a tour of headquarters. He visits the various offices and talks with officers and enlisted men. He flabbergasts eniisted men by going up to them, sticking out his hand and saying: "I'm Clark." At 5:30 PM the genera.1. has principal members of his staff to his villa for a get-together. The gene.ra.L and 29 officers listen to President Roosevelt I s message to Congress. Quiet and sober-faced, General Clark and his men sit and stand around the living room of the villa listening to the President's talk. When the broadcasts ends, General Clark proposes two toasts, the first to the President of' the United States and the second: "To the Fifth Army, the new baby. 'May she play a vital role in the victory that the President has predicted." The officers all raise their glasses and drink solemnly. General Clark eats dinner at his new home. * * * OUJDA, FRENCH MOROCCO, JANUARY 8, 1943--Determined to get off on the right foot and build the fifth Army on a sound foundation that will instill a vigorous esprit de corps and "a desire to participate," General Clark makes a reconnais­ sance of Oujda and its environs today to see how enlisted men are set up. ( "I'm working on the same princip.1.e I worked on at Salisbury," says General Clark. 11 I want to get this thing started properly so the men will have the keenest desire to participate. They must have pride in themselves if they are to have pride in their army. We're starting here from scratch and we don't want any strikes on us before we start swinging." General Clark finds that some colored troops are sleeping in pup tents in the mud. He also finds that there is no recreation for the men. As soon as he returns to headquarters, General Clark takes these steps: from the Mediterranean base section at Oran he orders motion picture projectors and film; the battalion of the 50th Infantry which is stationed in the vicinity of the Oujda airport is to get films and equipment from Casablanca; pyramidal tents, lumber and other construction supplies are ordered from Oran so the troops can move out of the mud and get into floored tents with double-deck bunks. The venereal disease rate in this section is extremely high so the general orders that two houses of prostitution--rigidly inspected by medical officers-­ be set aside for the exclusive use of American troops. Sentries will be posted outside to keep all non-Americans out and sentries will be posted outside other houses to see that no American enter them. The general orders that prophylactic stations be established within the two American houses and that every man coming out have treatment whether he wants it or not. The general �lephones the G-1 section in Algiers and asks that magazines, newspapers and other day room items be sent down immediately. He calls in his G-1 and his Engineer Officers to get them going on personne� and construction matters. He also confers several times with General Nevins, his G-5 who is Acting Chief of Staff pending the arrival of General Gruenther who has gone to Casablanca before coming to Fifth Army Headquarters. The general's great desire is to keep his command tactical, not administrative. �( 11:15 AM French officials of the Oujda region call on· to formally welcome him. It is a group that the general has met on his two previous organizational visits to Oujda. The group is headed by General Beucler, French commander of the Oujda region. It inc.Ludes the 11 chef de la. region 11 and the mayor of Oujda. They profusely welcome the general and he, in turn, exchanges pleasantries with them. Fifth Army officers are living in the school dormitory and in hotels around Oujda. General Clark also makes preparations for what little leisure they will have. An �fficers' club is to be fixed up in one of the school buildings. A theater for officers and enlisted men is being converted from a gymnasium. A 30-nurse hospital is ordered down from Oran. The weather at Oujda at this time of year is chilly and rainy. There are several bad colds. Colonel Howard, Fifth Army G-2, had to remain behind temporarily in Algiers because of t he f.Lu. Anno1mcement on the radio and in the press of formation of the FifthArmy under command of General Clark has brought varied propaganda repercussions. The reaction is most violent in Italy where the news is used to key up the Italians to look to their coasts against possible invasion. The Italians re­ call that General Clark paved the way for invasion of Africa and infer that such a move can happen again. The Germans say little. Apparently the story was widely played in the United States. The general receives a personal radio­ gram from his family and his mother congratulating him on his new command and sming him their best wishes and love. The general believes that announcement of the formation of the Fifth Army will result in a demand in the United States for the new organization to get into action. "I think," explains the general, "that now that it is knmm in the States that there is a Fifth U.S. Army in Africa that the public will demand that it be given a sector. That will also be the desire of the War Department. 11 Hence, the general believes that annou.ncement of the army's form­ ation might lead to its early use in battle. This, then, demands an all-out effort on every officer's and man's part to elevate himself and his organization to the highest possible standard in the shortest possible time. In order to know his key officers better, General Clark plans on having one or two to his villa each evening for dinner. Tonight he has General Blesse, Medical Officer, and 11'1a.jor Ed Ball, an aide who is also working in the Air Section. The general is also going to re-institute his II Corps plan of writing birthday letters to each officer under his command. An unusual incident occurs tonight outside the general's villa. An attempt is made by someone to scale the fence around the villa. The three guards scare him before they can fire a shot. The guard's flashlights pick up two men, apparently French soldiers, across the street. The man attempting to scale the fence has on an Arabs cloak and hood. He runs around the corner of a nearby mud wall before the guard's can shoot. General Clark orders another guard in the region of the house and in­ creased vigilance. * * OUJDA, JANUARY 9, 1945-- 11 Remember--our one purpose in life is to make this Fifth Army an effective fighting machine. All our efforts must be pointed toward that one goall" �( 5 sllifiiit'IY " Thus, General Clark of the Fifth Army. Approximately 90 nasium to hear the address of their coat over his field uniform, stands address the men. When he enters the him. . v1!1come to the officers officers sit on benches in a bare gym­ commanding general. General Clark, a short behind an unfinished wooden table to room, al� the officers stand and salute "I have assembled you here this afternoon to give you some of my ideas so you can be guided in your work," says General Clark. 11 I want you to know what my ideas are about certain things and some of my peculiarities•.. I am mighty proud to command this new American baby, and I hope that you are proud to be with the only American army that is in active being outside of the con­ tinental United States. Don't worry for one minute for fear we are going to sit here in Oujda and not get into this fight. Just sit tight and put in every minute of every possible day in order that you will be ready to do the job which will come to us in a short time ••• "We are starting everything brand new in the Fifth Army. Our ideals and standards shoulg be just as high as we can make them•••Some of you may wonder why I selected ujda for a center. I did it from a map, knowing donditions which I will give you in a few minutes. I found that it was centrally located, with a good airfield, good road, railroad and signal communications. It is in the center of my area of responsibility-the area extends from Orleansville to and inc�uding Casablanca. An ther reason why I selected this place is be­ cause there are no politicians here. Those who are here will be taken care of by Colonel Saltzman, who will do all of the dirty work as far as I am con­ cerned. Be courteous with the civilians and French military with whom you come in contact. When they show that they are not really cooperative, I will get tough with them, but give them the benefit of the doubt." The commanding general then outlines the mission of the Fifth Army (already included in this diary) and continues: 11We have got a job with many demands but our princi�l one is to get organized and to get your sections in shape so that we can move pronto. I am organizing this headquarters at a little over half of its authorized strength. We don't want to get so unwieldy that it will be dif­ ficult to move when the time comes. We are authorized in the T/0 to set up 228 officers. We are going to organize with 154 •••We are supposed to have 508 enlisted men and we are starting out with 156. Bear in mind that each section chief is operating at reduced strength and using personnel so he can move out and function practicably in the field." General Clark then declares that the heads of special staff sections--such as Quartermaster, Engineer, Signal, etc.--must travel throughout the Fifth Army area "so they can forsee difficulties that might arise." He demands prompt action on all requests made on the Army from either higher or lovrer echelons. He declares that he has "a peculiar way of doing business direct with subor­ dinates. The general then discusses military courtesy, uniforms, plans for selecting a Fifth Army insignia, the need for cooperation within the army head­ quarters and with the First Armored Corps and the 6th Corps, two principal units at present under the Fifth Army. He declares he will not tolerate ex­ cessive drinking and that strict disciplinary measures will be taken to curb it. He tells of the dangers of venereal disease and explains the steps being taken to cut its inroads to the minimum. He orders that each officer and man in each section have half a day a week off and that he spend that tine getting exercise so he will be in the best possible physical condition. �'is to get ready just as "The one purpose we have, i1 declares the genera , fast as we can for the field. Each of us must concentrate on making the Fifth Army an efficient fighting machine just as rapidly as possible." As he did when he took over the rl Army Corps, General Clark asks that officers who have not met him come forward after his speech. They form a line and pass before him. He questions each one briefly. ( This is the list of chiefs of general and special staff sections of the Fifth Army as it is organized by its commanding general, Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark: Chief of Sta.if Brig. Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther Secretary General Staff Major Ira W. Porter Asst Chief Staff, G-1 Lieut. Col. Francis A.Markee Asst Chief Staff, G-2 Colonel Edwin B. Howard Brig. Gen. Arthur S. Nevins Asst Chief Staff, G-5 Asst Chief Staff, G-4 Colonel Clarence L. Adcock Adjutant General Colonel Cheney L. Bertholf Artillery Colonel Thomas E. Lewis _Engineer Colonel Franko. Bowman Chemical Colonel Maurice E. Barker Signal Brig. Gen. Richard B. Moran Air Colonel Guy H. Gale M edical Brig. Gen. Frederick A. Blesse Quartermaster Colonel Joseph P. Sullivan Civil Affairs Colonel Charles K. Saltzman Public Relations Major Kenneth W. Clark Provost Marshal Colonel Charles R. Johnson Headqrts Commandant Lieut. Col. C. CQburn Smith General Clark plans on leaving O ujda tomorrow for a week to 10-day trip through the western region of the area. he commands. First, he will go to Casa­ blanca where he will join his Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, and confer with Major General Patton, commander of the Western Task Force and the I Armored Corps. There has been some enemy action already in be General 1 s area of command. Twenty Axis parachutists �ere dropped at Nouvion, 50 miles east of Oran, appar­ ently to carry on sabotage work. Some of them have been rounded up. It is report­ ed that some of them were dressed in civi�ian clothes. On the Tunisian front there has been scattered activity. Between Beja and Mateur Al�ied troops took a hill, then lost it to the Germans. There have been skirmishes between patrols. Troops tha.t will participate in the Southern Sector offensive are moving into the area. The enemy appears to be moving more German troops into this region to sup�ort the Italians. Enemy interest in the sector is indicated by steady patrol activity. As of today, Ganeral Patton's Western Task }orce is· inactivated and his I Armored Corps is reactivated. General Clark has Colonel Chapin and illajor Meacham to his villa for dinner and afterward he goes to the new motion picture theater, the same gymnasium where he spoke in the afternoon, to find a fairly recent film being shown and the hall crowded with officers and men. * * �( ET ( / , - 45--Because of the OUJDA AND CASABLANCA, JANUARY 10 through '°: n} need for secrecy and General Clark 1 s intense and fast-moving activity, thee TJ-/ diary of the past week IIU1st be condensed into one long instalLment. / President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, General Marshall, Admiral King, members of the British cabinet and other dignitaries, including General Giraud, High ColllI'lissioner of French Africa, are meeting in Casablanca to determine two things: (1) thA French governmental and military leadership for all French possessions in Africa, and (2) future conduct of the war against Germany, Italy and their satellites. General Clark made preparations for the arrival of the Allied leaders and participated in various conferences connected with both of the principal subjects under discussion. Flyin� in a B-25, General Clark, unaccompanied by any officers, leaves Oujda at 8:48 AM January 10 for Casablanca. He plunges, on his arrival, into preparations for the arrival in Casablanca by stratoliner of President Roose­ velt, General Marshall, Admiral King and members of their staffs. Extensive security precautions must be taken and the general confers with the secret service. Casablanca anti-aircraft protection must be increased. Housing must be found for all the dignitaries. A speciai air raid shelter is built for the president. Ramps must be built at important points so they President can be removed from the airplane, so he can reach the quarters that have been set aside for him. Since the President, Prime Minister and members of their parties are coming into the area commanded by General Clark, he must make all the preparations. He spends January 10, 11, 12, 15 and part of 14 at Casablanca conferring with General Patton, members of the secret service, supervising all preparations for the arrival of the President and the Prime Minister on tneir highly secret trip. During this time his headquarters at Oujda continues with Fifth Army organizaticnal work. Troops of the 54th division are dispersed at key points throughout the eastern section of General Clark's command area and division headquarters are set up at Tlemcen, 90 miles west of Oran. On orders from General Clark, General Ryder and General Dawley, the latter co!Il!Ilander of the VI Army Corps which is now coming overseas to come under General Clark's command and be stationed at Oran, come to Oujda. There is a possibi�ity that the President may inspect American troops as far west as Algiers and make one of his principal calls at Oujda. Hence, the two major generals are alerted in case they have to �ake the necessary security and construction preparations. General Clark gets back to his Oujda headquarters in mid-afternoon on January 14, flying in from Casablanca in the B-25. Once again he travels alone. He tells no one at headquarters what is going on since the greatest secrecy must be observed regarding the important pending conferences. Working 16 to 18 hours a day, the General keeps a rapid-fire schedule. This despite his having a touch of dysentry which causes great inconvenience. Finding that things are progressing smoothily, General Clark only remains at his new headquarters until January 17 when he gets a hurry-up call from General �arshall to come to Casablanca at once, President Roosevelt wants to talk to him. General Eisenhower confers with General Clark at the Oujda airfield on the morning of January 15. General Clark mnforms the Allied Commander-in-Chief about preparations made at Casablanca and reports on how the Fifth Army is forming. After conferring more than an hour on the wind-swept airport, General osevelt and Eisenhower continues on to Casablanca to re ort.. General Uarshall. �( During his absence at Casablanca, the general has received two interesting letters, one from Admiral Cunningham, Britain's most venerated sea-dog, and from General Eisenhower. Writes Cunningham: 11 My dear Clark: How nice of you to write to convey your best wishes for my birthday. Thank you very much indeed. I am indeed sorry I did not see yvu to wish you luck and say what I hope will be only au revoir. It is good of you to express your pleasure at aur association. Be�ieve me when I say that I have found it an exhilarating and joyous experience to be so closely ass­ ociated with the American Army. Vie ov:e you personally a debt of gratitude for the great trouble you have always taken to ap�reciate and meet our point of view. That the forces of two countries, who, though they have basically the same viewpoint, nevertheless have different ideas on military organisation, should have fused to happily and with so little friction is a very happy augury for the future. All best wishes to the �ifth Army, under your command, when its chance comes it wil�, I know, give a fine account of itself. Perhaps some day we of the Royal Navy may be privileged to take part in some great enterprise with you. It is what we all hope. My grateful thanks again and with all best wishes for the future. Yours very sincerely, (signed) .Andrew Cunningham. 11 General Eisenhovrer 1 s let er results from the Commander-in-Chief's sub­ mission of tne bi-yearly efficiency report on General officers. Writes General Eisenhower: #Dear General Clark: In making out your current efficiency report, I.am impressed by the feeling that it is impossible for me, on an official form, to express my real appreciation of your splendid work for the past several months. You have performed brilliantly as Deputy, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces and in accordance with my highest expectations, based on intimate acquaintanceship with you and with your record covering the pa.st quarter of a century. Even beyond this, there have been certain instances in which your tact, breadth of vision and clear understanding of basic issues have astonished me. At this critical time, I regret very much losing your services in your former capacity but, due to my anxiety to have the W.S. Fifth Army organized quickly and prepared for combat without delay, I feel that your greatest sphere of usefulness is as its Commander. I know you will do a grand job. Most Sincerely, (signed) Dv1ight D. Eisenhower. 11 To this formal letter, General Eisenhovrnr attaches the following longhand note: "Dear Wayne: I made this commendation in semi-official form so that I could file a copy with your record. (signed) D.E. 11 The Fifth Army Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, arrives at Oujda to take up his duties on the afternoon of January 15. The Chief of Staff has been at Casablanca for the past week integrating and putting into effect various plans for the Anglo-British-French conferences. General Le!Ill1.itze:r., .. �I.'rJ.Y�i?- a :r· ·:�·::�:; ��;�::�\:.::: ·. �!;��r,.; �r !,.�-,,:,,· ::,;�,:.,,, . _ _. Ettuals British MOST SECRC.. T ( ( on January 15 to take up Acting Chief of Staff duties. General Nevins, who has been fulfilling that spot temporarily, moves over to head his ov.rn G-5 section. Despite his dysentry, General Clark spends all of January 15 and 16 in his Fifth Army Headquarters office. On January 15 two of the general's 11 submarine trip buddies, 11 Captain Wright and Colonel Holmes phone from the airport to say they are passing through. The general has them come in for lunch and then he sends Captain Wright back to Casablanca to act as liaison officer from the army to Admiral King. Colonel Holmes flies the other direction--to Algiers. The general holds frequent conferences with Generals Gruenther and Lerrmitzer to button up Fifth .Army problems. Determined to get his �ifth Army morale started on the highest possible plane, the general instructs the special service 6fficer and Red Cross officials attached to Fifth Army to get entertainment programs into effect immediately. On Januaty,i6:vthe general has two principal callers, General Maurot, head of all police in Algeria, and General Dawley, VI Corps commander. General �aurot gets the first official ceremony at Fifth .Army Headquarters. When he arrives, he receives flourishes and inspects a special guard lined up in the courtyard near General Clark's office. Maurot 1 s visit is one of courtesy. The visit of General Dawley is strictly business. In addition to explaining to the Corps coU)Illander the,setup and mission of the Fifth Army, General Clark gives Dawley anc'insight into what is going on at Casblanca and alerts him to the fact that Presiden� Roosevelt might make an inspection tour of a greater part of the Fifth Army area. During the afternoon the general inspects the Fifth Army station hospital and comes away predicting it will be one of the most modern and best hospitals in North Africa. In the evening General Clark has General Blesse, the Medical Officer, and the head nurse and senior duty nurse to his villa for dinner. The first case of color trouble arises in the evening v,hen a negro in a quarter­ master company shoots and kills a sergeant in a signal co�pany. The negro con­ fesses and is to be tried by a general court martial • .An urgent call from General Marshall sends General Clark hurrying back u Casablanca on January 17. He departs from Oujda airport at 10:52 .AM. Once more, he goes alone. Arriving at Casablanca, General Clark is met at the airport by General Marshall who tells h.un that President Roosevelt wants to talk to him about the North African political situation. President Roosevelt is lying on his bed when the lanky, black-haired lieutenant general enters the room. The President asks for a blow-by-blow account on political events that took place in Algiers following the general's arrival there on November 9. The general teJ.ls the whole story and President Roosevelt remarks that much of the informaLion never got back to Washington. The President never knew, for instance, that Gereral Clark had at one point placed Darlan 1 under protective custody and surrounded his house with \ a guard. The President indicates that he had been led to believe that Darlan had been dealt with timidly and he is pleased when he learns that General Clark dealt hard with the Admiral. The President tells the general that it had been his plan to establish a military government in French North Africa. Mr. Roosevelt then asks General Clark's opinion of General Giraud. The president says he has heard that Giraud is not too strong and that at times his attitude is not cooperative. General Clark tel.ls the president that he believes he has been mis-informed. The young general tells the president that Giraud has to be treated tough and that when the law is laid dovm to him that he is cooperative. The general declares that in his estimation Giraud stands head and shoulders above the other Frenchmen who seek power in North Africa. He asks the President to see Giraud and judge the man for himself. The president agrees to do so and General Clark goes to get the French general while Hr. Roosevelt prepares to meet him. Together, the .American and the French general g o to Mr. Roosevelt I s ouarters • �/0 {� At first, the three men try to conduct their conversations in F'rench. The president speaks the language but not well enough for the detailed discussions so an interpreter is called in. President Roosevelt explains what he has in mind: The plan calls for three top-ranking Frenchmen in Africa. Giraud to head ,the military with General DeGaulle as second-in-command and a third man, not yet de­ termined, to head the political end. President Roosevelt vaguely mentions getting 11 someone 11 out of France or Switzerland. He grins at General Clark and asks him, jokingly, if he is ready to take another secret submarine trip. The plan also calls for all French African possessions--Martinique, French Equatorial Africa, Djibouti, etc.--to come under the one po.Litical head to form a more or less 11 solid front 11 French African empire. Giraud is de.Ligh ted ,nth the idea. He ex­ changes views with the president and General Clark. Giraud is to have discussions with Prime Minister Churchill and members of the British cabinet follo�ing his talk with President Roosevelt. The American delegation and the.British are at odds over Giraud and DeGau�le. The president favors Giraud as the top military man while the British, who have been playing closely with DeGaulle, want to put the Fighting French leader in command. The matter is very touchy. l ' o.-J ;;/ General Clark is to accompany Maull� to Prime Minister Churchill's if possible. The Roosevelt-Giraud talk lasts half an hour and it is a euccess. Upon leaving the President I s quarters, General Clark accompanies General Giraud R,.. to the Prime Ministers. But upon reaching theie Giraud is taken in tow by a Pr�( British delegation and General Clark is quietly and diplomatically barred. [t "Jl." is what he had expected. During the rest of the afternoon he confers with Gen- {)., eral Marshall and the secret service concerning the P resident's desire to make '\c,va, troop inspections as far east as Algiers. The secBet service opposes the plan vt,-.; and will so inform the president. General Clark confers well into the night -•\ with military and naval leaders who are discussing along whe.t lines the war should nov, be conducted. No plan has jelled as yet. Incidentally, there are .,V 1 reports that the Southern Tunisian offensive planned by the II Corps is to be �d postponed. ,.01 J t� t ,'-..,. I_: t.# ff ,ft- On the morning of January 18, General Clark, who spent an hour alone with the President yesterday, is called again .to the President 1 s study. The two men discuss Giraud and the. President declares that he now shares General Clark 1 s faith in Giraud's strength and ability. Attempts are being made to get DeGaulle to join the conference but the Fighting French leader is playing cagyy. The President asks General Clark how he fared yesterday in his attempt to go with�... �11� to the British conference. 1'he general reports what happened and hoo embarrassing the incident was. The President replies that that is what he ex­ pected. The general then brings up the matter of the president 1 s inspection of American troops and, in view of the secret service 1 s.s-,and, suggests that the President could see the same thing if he wouid visit troops in the Port Lyautey district. General Clark outilnes what he has .in mind. It calls for the President to ride through the troop areas in a jeep. The President is delighted with the idea and gives his approval. Following the discussion, the general, who has become an avid 11 short snorter 11 hound asks the President to sign his bill. This the President does, kidding the general and tellin� him ths.t he must keep his signature secret lest he be pestered by other II short snorters. 11 All in all, general Clark spends a total of t-;10 hours with the President on Jamary 17 arrl 18, one hour and a half of this the President and the general were entirely by themselves. After lunchin� with several dignitaries, includin� Prime i1inister, Churchill, General Clark takes off for Oujda again and arrives there at 4 :4ci P1i on January 18. He confers immediately with General Grueti.th er regarding F:ifth Army matters that have arisen during his brief absence. �r .�,' ·:c·:li�'.ftf'a y'·to leave at OUJDA, JANUARY 19, 1-. \I notice for the west again if he is called, but not expecting a call until tomorrow, General Clark devotes his time to two matters: those dealing with the Fifth Army and ideas for the President's inspection trip to Fifth Army units. Every possible pre­ caution must be taken. The general orders that fighter planes patrol the air over the various regions as the President passes through. He investigates also the military protocol of the President's visit, the rending of honors, the matter of salutes and ruffles. He must make provisions for the press which is being allowed to accompany the President but not print anything until the Pres­ ident has returned safely to the United States. The president will review troops in the vicinity of Lyautey. Unless he receives an earlier call, Gene1'al Clark plans to fly to tne region tomorrow to personally see that all is in readiness for the President's visit. Mr. Roose­ velt is to lay a wreath on a cemetery containing bodies of American war dead of the African campaign. ( Two British officers have arrived at headquarters to be attached to General Clark's staff. One is Captain John A. Grindle of the Royal Navy and the other is Lieut. Col. G.P.L. Weston. Both men are to cooperate in planning for Backbone II, the operation that is to take place against Spanish MoDDcCo ih vvent the Straits of Gibraltar are closed or the &ermans enter Spain. The headquarters is building up now. During the afternoon, General Clark meets new officers who have arrived since he made his address of welcome to the Fifth Army. There are about 30 of them and they file into his office in bunches. He tells them, substantially, the same things he told officers upon his arrival-that the Fifth Army has a vital mission, that it is not going to sit idle in Oujda, tha.t he expects high morale and an intense effort. He is introduced to each man and speaks briefly with each one. The situation on the Tunisian front remains unchanged. Ground and air patrols are being made daily by eac h side. The axis is reported now to have ap­ proximately 65,000 troops in Tunisia. The Fifth Army is daily moving some of its units forward. The 1st Division is now enroute to the front. A few changes in dispotion are being made in the Fifth Army area. An Invasion Training Ce nter has been set up at Arzew Beach, just Bast of Oran and Brigadier General 0 1 Daniel is commanding officer of this center which will prepare units for ampnibious operations that the Fifth Army undoubtedly will engage in when the next major move is made. During the afternoon, General Clark, over his dysentry, goes for a hike in the plain cou.�try just outside Oujda. On the way he visits the Fifth Army Quartermaster and Finance Sections which are in a school two blocks away from the college that is the Hea.:i.quarters of the Fifth Army. General Clark is becoming increasingly restless and peripatetic. Following dinner with Colonels Howard and Lewis at his villa, he goes alone on an inspec­ tion tour of the security of his headquarters. He finds two loopholes in the plan and immediately issues corrective orders. He plans to leave early tomorrow for Port Lyautey. * C * �I d( OUJDA-PORT LYAUTEY-CASABLANCA, JANUARY 20, 194:3--Ground fog along the Atlantic Coast in the Port Lyautey region postpones General Clark 1 s scheduled takeoff to the west for almost two hours this morning. As he waits for word that the weather has cleared, the general works nervously in his office, dis­ posing of Fifth Army problems and jotting dovm notes in longhand on how he can improve the review the President is to make of American troops. Clearance comes by mid-morning and the general's B-25 takes off at 9:57 AM · for Port Lyautey. Once there, the general begins going over the ground step by step, checking minute item after minute item personally to be certain that all goes like clockwork tomorrow. The general finds that many details that should have been buttoned up are still dangling loose. One of General Clark 1 s funda­ mental policies is to be thDrough. 11 I 1 ve found, 11 says the general, "that even though you issue orders you can 1 t just assume that they will be ca:eried out. You've got to satisfy yourself personally. In the current case I had given specific orders to five major generals and I found that certain slips had oc­ cured. The men who get along in the army, the men that rise, are the men that are thorough. Campaigns are won or lost through thiroughness. 11 ( The general drives over the entire route in inverse order to the way in which President Roosevelt will travel it tomorrow. He. checks every unit that is to be inspected. He makes sure that wreaths are ready for placing on the graves of American and French dead, he checks the mess that is to be served the pres­ ident and finds, to his consternation, that a turkey dinner is planned. This is changed so the meal will consist of the ration normally scheduled for the day. If the President is going to see troops in the field and how they fare, it is General Clark's theory that the eating routine should n·ot be varied or made unusual. At one spot the general finds that the President is to meet heroes of the �estern Task Force at a spot onlv 50 yards from the Port Lyautey-Casablanca highway. The site of this ceremony is moved back 150 yards for security reasons. General Clark has to double-check the security of the route, not only ground security but protection from the air. General Clark goes over the lineup of cars, the proceedure whereby commanding generals wil� meet the president and ride in a jeep with him as Mr. Roosevelt reviews the various divisions, arrangements for a tow truck to carry extra gas and mechanics in case of car trouble, making sure that a special jeep with a handrail is ready for the president, assuring that proper arrangements are made to get.the President lifted into the jeep. By night, General Clark has covered and checked the entire route from Port Lyautey to Casablanca. Upon his arrival there he suddenly rea�izes that he has made no provisions for colored troops to be inc�uded in the review. He calls in Genera� Patton who says that he believes there is not sufficient time t� 'J to make the arrangements. "It must be done, 11 dec�ares General Clark. "Do it c personally even if you have to get on a horse and gallop 100 miles if necessary., �� General Clark confers well into the night. First, in a long conference with C_f General Marshall, the }ifth Army Commander goes over tomorrow's trip mile by V, mile. He has had maps made showing how troops willitB lined up, where the Pres- t.>-1 �, ident wil� get out of the grey armored Dam�ier (General Clark 1 s own car which 1,..,I jda) and into the special jeep. Then he goes into has been driven over from Ou conference with the Secret Service to go over the review plan point by point. Guards will be posted around the entire area and pursuit planes will cover the region to be certain that there can be no attacks from the air. All is set for the review ,;hen the general turns in about 2:00 AM. G\ * �1 �\3 CASABLANCA-PORT LYAUTEY-MEHDIA-OUJDA, JANUARY 21, 1945--Everything is set for President Roosevelt to leave on his inspection tour and the caravan pulls out for the drive northward at 9:20 A''1. Two motorcycles lead the entourage, fol.10wed by a jeep in which rides a colonel thoroughly familiar with th� route. Next comes the Da.mlier with only the President and General Clark riding in·�thc back seat. Jeeps in front and behind the Damlier are filled with Secret Service men. All in all, the column includes 15 cars, despite General Clark's plan to hold the convoy to a minimum. Other cars contain Presidential Secretary McIntyre, Averill Harriman, Harry Hopkins, General Patton, President Roosevelt's naval and military aides and newspapermen and stiL. and motion picture cameramen. The convoy has an air cover umbrella as it moves northward. General Clark is questioned closely by the President who, the general finds, has a most inquiring mind. Because of conferences urrlerway in Casablanca and because of the desire to hold the size of the convoy down, General Marshall and Admiral King and their staffs do not make the trip. Neither do any of the British officials, including Prime Minister Churchill. The convoy includ�s the special­ fixture jeep into whicn the President will be transferred at the various points where he is to inspect troops. General Clark is with the president from 9:00 AM until 5:00 PM without any break. Upon reaching Rabat, the column turns off the main highway, the President is transferred to the special jeep and part of the review begins. Four flourishes are played for the President, General Harmon, commanding the 2nd Armorec Division, is introduced to the President and gets into the jeep. The president sits in the front withihe driver. In the back seat are a secret service man, General Clark and General Harmon. So questions can be answered, Genel'al Clark has the commanding officer of each unit reviewed ride in the jeep directly behind the President. All vehicles and men of the 2nd Armored are lined up, �s the Pres­ ident's jeep drives by within a few feet of the front rank, each of the vehicles crews follow the jeep with their eyes. When the President has reviewed the 2nd Ar�ored, General Har�on gets out of the jeep, General Anderson, com.1118.nder of the Srd Infantry Division in i�troduced to the President and takes Harmon's seat. The bani plays four ruffles and flourishes and the President inspects from the jeep, the 3rd Division which is lined up in this order: 7th Infantry Regiment, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division Artillery, 10th fueineer battalion, 756 Tank Battalion, 3rd 1Aedical Battalion, 3rd (·artermaster Battalion, two platton of the 3rd Reconnaissance troop and the division artillery band. It is a snap y day for a review. A 40-mile a.'11 hour wind is bloNing, standing the flaqs and division colors out smartly. Crossing the Lyautey highway, the genera� next takes tne President to noon mess (main dish ham) and to receive the heroes of the Western Task Force. The President is seated at a mess table anc each of the heroes co,aes by to be in­ troduced. Each man carries the citation n.e received. The President shakes hands and chats. It is obvious that the President is enjoying himself thoroughly. Be eats with relish out of a regular enlisted man's mess kit. 7 ,hen the meal is over, the President calls General Clark to one side. 11 Mav I have my mess kit as a souvenir?" asks the President. "I'll have it put in the Smithsonian Institute. 11 General Clark hurries awa,, but the mess kits are alrea y being washed and have been mixed up. 11Give me any mess kit, canteen cup and service, 11 says the peneral. He takes one back to the President and Mr. Roosevelt has it put aside so he can take it back to the United States. �( Following ness, the Presidential convoy moves out again. General Clark has been appr�nensive lest the colored troops not be present for review but as the car swings off the highwav, General Clark spots the troops lined up. 11 I 1 ve ar­ ranged for y ou to see sone of the colored troops we have over here, · :r. Pres­ ident, 11 savs General Clark. He e',cplains that the troops v,ere not ori P'inall, scheduled for the review and that there inciusion was a last-minute decision on his part. The President repliAs that he was glad the colored troops were not overlooked and he inspects them closer than any of the other units, having the jeep no only pass in front of the front line but between ranks and benind as well. Next the 60th Regimental Combat team, which played a big role in the victory of the Western Task Force, is reviewed. General Eddy is introduced to the President by General Clark, the ruffles and flourishes are played and the President makes a thorough inspection. The troops are snappy and look in fightin� trim. They are proud and erect. General Clark remarks later that this is one of the finest reviews he has ever seen. After the president inspects them from tne jeep, the 60th RCT passes in revie'7, bands playing, flags snap1-ing in the brisk wind. The presidential party then goes to tn"::! fort near 1Jefihia so the president can see the scene of some of the bitterest fighting in the African campai�n. This fort was stormed and captured by tne 60th. The President, quest­ ioning General Clark constant.Ly, rides over the battlefield and then goes to the cemetery where American and French troops are buried. .hile a band plays and while the President watches from the jeep, General Clark and the president's naval aide carry a huge wreath up and place it at the base of the flagpole in the American ceme.t�ry,. · Then the President I s jeep moves around the end of the cemetery to the section occupied bv Frencn dead. Here the 1fir.reatn laying ceremony is repeated, with General Clark and the aide carrying up the wreath while the President watches. 1 The scene of this ceremon" is one overlooking the Atlantic Ocean from a bluff. The fort and its site is an historic spot, dating.back to the time before Christ. Following the v.rreath laying ceremony, the prnsidei\t I s ,jeep is dr:L ven to a promitory overlooking the battlefield and a colonel commanding the assault describes to the president how the battle progressed. Thi� ends the almost day­ long review. The President declares it has been marvelous. He is de:i.ighted and enthused. The timinis and performance has worked out to perfection. There have 'been no incidents. General Clark explains to the President that he is within a snort distance of his plane and that he would like to fJ.y back to Fifth Army Headquarters before dark because there is much work to be done. The President agrees to the proposal and thanks the Fifth Army Com,ander for the review. \ For local purposes and for the French press, it is to be announced that all the excitement in the area--the blocked off roads, the guards, th� protective planes--,,as caused by a review held in honor of the con1:·11ander of the new Fifth American Army, Lieutenant General Clark. It will not be announced that Pre3ident Roosevelt has been in Africa until he returns safely to 'V1ashington. l Favored by a strong tailwind, the general's B-25 arrives back at Oujda at 4:26 PM. He returns immediately to his office to confer with General Gruentner and to prepare for uninterrupted concentration on Fifth Army affairs. In al.L ppo­ bability he will inspect various units under his command. The President is sched­ uled to start the return flight to the States tomorrow. Sti.Ll in the balance is future conduct of the war. "Satin" has be,,n postponed and the Southern Sector is fa±ily quiet. .�i, * �[..(i, �·,- ��\, ;;-:.�,: . :<\;\�·- ; ,:;, ' . * �15 OUJDA, J.IUIUARY 22, 1945--Axis troops in the center of the Tunisian line have started an offensive and they advance 20 miles down tro vallies in the Pont du Fahs-Bou Arada region. The opposition is French and it is falling· back. The British First flrmy is being re-grouped near Bou .Arada for a move souti1vrard on the Ccr11an-Italians north flank. American units in the Southern Sector are beinP,; moved to reinforce Sbeitla and '1aktar. Tactical.Ly, General C.lark has nothin� to do with the Southern Sector since his units that have been sent up there come, tacticallv, under Al.lied Force Headquarters and II Corps. However, he watches the situation close.Ly. Major General Ryder, 54th Division commander who now has his headquarters at Tlemcen, comes to Fifth Army headquarters for a conference with General Clark. Part of the 155th Infantry, of the 54th, is moving to .P.rzew to start training at the Invasion Training Center that has been set u1, under General 0 1 Daniel. Other uriits are also to move in to take training. Part of the Fifth Army's order is to prepare one infantry division and one armored division for use in am.t1hibious v:arfare. General O I Daniel has already set this important Fifth Army Training center up. Generals Clark and Ryder discuss Fifth Army problems during a conference prior to lunch and duriri..g lunch v.rnen General Ryder is the guest of the Fifth Army commander at his villa on the fringe of the school grounds. Other conferences during the day involve two lengthy ones V!ith General Gruenther re�arding officer assignments and troop training and buildup. The general is to inspect all troops in the Oujda area tomorrow. The Fifth Army Finance Officer, Colonel Lindner, arrives and confers nith General Clark. Colonel Robinson has arrived and is mace Fifth Army Anti -Aircraft officer. General Clark, bent on getting the Fifth Army discip.Line off to a good start, calls in an Air Corps captain who has been found guilty of intoxication and }Uts him on the carpet. After the hectic days at Casablanca and in the Port Lyautey region, today is a mild day for the general as he works on details of syncronizing orpaniz­ ation of his new command. In the evening he has two armv nurses and ./lajor Meacham and Lieutenant Beardwood at his villa for dinner. -xOUJDA, JANUARY 23, 1943--The Axis push in the center of the Tunisian line has been shoved from a standstil.L to retreat througn the use of American troops rushed in to come under French Command. To counteract the drive, three American battalions--one of Armored Infantry, one Field Artillery and one Medium Tank-­ are moved in to help the harrassed French. Before the day is over the Germans and Italians have been driven back ten miles. Things are developing fast in Tripolitana where the British Eighth Army has Rommel on the run. The British are on the outskirts of Tripoli. More and more it looks as though Rommel is backing up toward Tunisia to make a juncture with General Kesser.Ling's Tunisian force for a last stand in North Africa. General Clark makes a thorough inspection tour today of Fifth Army uni�s in the Oujda area. Nothing escapes his attention as he has commanding officers of the various units show him through quarters, kitchens and offices. He makes in­ numerable recommendations concerning military courtesy� quarters arrangements; �( Safety factors, including sandbags, slit trenches and reinforcement of old buildings in which troo�s are quartered or supplies are stored; troops in pup tents are to be quartered in pyrarrddal tents; insufficient bread is being received so General Clark notes that bakery platoon must be brought to Oujda from Oran. He checks the venereal disease rate and finds it good with the white troops but a trifle high among. colored soldiers. There are now about 7,000 U.S. troops in Oujda and its immediate environs. The Gi:neral visits Headquarters and Headquarters Company, the 71st and 251st Signa� Companies, the 343rd Engineers, Company L of the 22nd Quartermasters (colored), the 52nd Station Hospital barracks, the Quartermaster Depot, the 443rd Anti-Aircraft Detachment and quarters and kitchens within his own head­ quarters enc�osure. He orders that Major Jackson be made Post Commandant of the Old Oujda Airport where a majority of the troops is quartered. The general looks at shower rooms, latPines, storerooms. He personally checks the guns and crews of two anti-aircraft guns in the vicinity of Fifth ArJJty headquarters. ( General Larkin, commander of the Mediterranean Base Section at Oran, arrives at noon with his Chief of Staff, Colonel Leavy. Following lunch, Generals Clark, Larkin and Gruenther confer lengthily on Fifth Army supply probLems. The port of Nemours, on the coast almost due north of Oujda, is to be opened so certain portions of the supplies can be trucked in from the closer port and so the region won't be cut off from the main eastern supply base at Oran in case the railroad or the roads to Oran are bombed or sabotaged. General Larkin is also told to dispatch the bakery platoon to Oujda. General Larkin remains overnight since he is to hold further conferences with General Gruenther and Colonel Adcock, the Fifth Army G-4. General Clark works at his office until quite late in the evening. The colored soldier who confessed the murder of the white sergeant is to be tried at a General Courts Martial and there is mounting' feeling among the colored troops. Fifty soldiers in Company L, 22nd Quartermasters, have signed a pet­ ition asking that the case be investigated further before the tria.J.. starts on Monday. The men sent their petition direct to headquarters, not going through channels and failing to let their commanding officer know. General Clark is wary of a colored-white race feeling arriving and he confers with General Gruenther; Colonel Jonnson, the provost marshall, and Captain Burns, C.O. of the colored outfit. The .courts martial is to go on as schedu�ed on Monday. Preliminary hearings snowed that the colored soldier got his rifle after a white soldier ordered him out of a bar. The colored soldier then came back and shot the wrong man. From experience in the States and in Englanc., the general has found just how careful�y the coloBed soldier problem must be handled. �- * OUJDA, JANUARY 24, 1943--Generals Giraud and DeGaulle have agreed to join forces� This is the welcome new.s that comes through late this afternoon from Casablanca. Giraud and DeGaulle have been in conference and they have composed their differences. This will be of inestimable benefit in solidifying French sentiment in North .Africa and it will strengthen the hand of French military leadership since behind it now will be the two leadi rg Frenchmen not in Axis hands--Giraud and DeGaulle. General Clark is deLighted with the news. Minister Murphy is flying here tomorrow from Casablanca to report to General C�ark on details of the poutical conferences dovm there. �111 ( General Clark straightens out during the morning the mechanics of his relationships witn General Nogues, governor general of French Morocco, con­ cerning liaison with the French and the Fifth U.S. Army and conduct of civil. affairs. General Nogues has written asking how his military and civil officia.J.s should be distributed to work in greatest cooperation with General Clark whose commam.dr · area includes most of French Morocco. In a conference with Gener·al Gruenther and Colonel Sa]tzman, civili affairs officer, it is decided by General Clark that the French Moroccan military mission be split three ways: part of it being sent to Oujda, another part being attached to General Patton 1 _s I Armored Corps, and the third working with General Wilson's Mediterranean Base Section. /Any negotiations between General Clark and General .L'iogues will be handled through Colonel Saltzman 1 s office directly with Nogues 1 headquarters at Rabat. General Clark wilJ. send a liaison office to Rabat to work in con­ junction with Nogues' staff on military and civil matters. One of General Clark's many jobs as commander of the Fifth Army is to build up the supply of modern arms for the French North African army. Prior to establishment of the Fifth Army and movement of General Clark into Frencn Morocco, Nogues was working exclusiveJ.y with General. Patton. In the afternoon, in company with Generals Lemnitzer and Nevins and Colonels Adoock and Bertholf, General Clark drives to Nemours, on the Mediterranean c�ast to reconnaissance tho roads over whic.r1 sup};lies from Nemours to Oujda wiJ.l flow. The trip northward is made via Marnia and Nedroma. The road is narrow and twist­ ing and wil.L be fit for on.Ly one way truck traffic. Nemours harbor is small. but four or five ships could berth there. The return trip is by way of Martimprey. Part of tnis road is capable ofl two-way truck traffic but, from Nemours to Martimprey,:±t is narrow, hence one-way traffic will have to be put in effect pnce the port of Nemours becomes a supply area. The drive is made in a heavy rain. After checking in at his office and hearing the good news concerning Giraud and DeGaulle, the general goes to his villa and has the group that ac­ companied him on his trip for dinner. * * OUJDA, JANUARY 25, 1943-Bob Murphy, United States Minister to North Africa, arrives for conferences w±th General Clark and the word he brings from Casablanca concerning relations between Giraud and DeGaulle is not as cheering as first incomplete reports. DeGaulle finally agreed to meet in Casablanca with Giraud but the barrier that arose was the question of command. General Clark's observation, after lis­ tening to Murphy's report is that DeGaulle 11 acted like a spoiled child. 11 The leader of the Fighting French felt like he was being made a 11 second fiddle" to Giraud. After President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill has intervened, the two Frenchmen agreed to issue a joint announcement along the lines that they had conferred and that they both had one aim: winning of the war and restitution of France. That is as far as the honeymoon of Giraud and DeGaulle has gone. ·Es­ tablishment of the Giraud-DeGaulle team as directors of the French miJ.itary is at least temporarily delayed because DeGaulle won 1 t take what he terms a second­ ary position. Main reason for Murphy 1 s visit is to work out details of French-American civil affairs liaison in French Morocco. Murphy is accompanied to Fifth Army Headquarters by Frederick P. Culbert, U.S. consul at Casablanca and the State �(3 ( Department official who rode back to Washington with General Clark last September. The plan reached by General Clark, General Gruenther and Colonel· Saltzman yes­ terday is discussed and approved. Saltzman is to go to Rabat tomorrow for dis­ cussions with General Nogues to facilitate Franco-American coope�ation in both the miiitary and civil affairs fields. Peyrouton has succeeded Chatel as Governor General of Algeria, thus effect­ ing a recommendation of Genera� Clark that Chatel be relieved, primari.Ly for lack of capacity to fill the job. Chatel is now going to Lisbon to work with the Red Cross. General Eddy's 9th Division is ordered out of tne Rabat-Sale-Port Ly�utey region today for movement to the front. Rommel is fast backing up toward the Tunisian-Tripolitanian front and it looks like the major North African battle will occur somewhere in the Satin region. The 9th Division has been part of the F'ifth Army. It will now pass to control of AFHQ and move into the Constan­ tine area. An Air Artillery Observation base, under the Fifth Arrrry, has been estab­ lished at Sidi Bel Abbes, home of the Foreign Legion, and General Clark plans to fly there tomorrow in one of the litT,le Piper Cub planes such as is being used to observe artillery fire. He also plans to fLy to Chanzy so he can bbserve both from the air and ground this new method of observation. The tiny planes are designed to dash up, observe, then dash dovm before enemy planes can get them. They land at a very low speed ( 58 miles an hour) and can put dovm a.Lmost anywhere. An Officers' Club is opened this evening near the Fifth Army Hear quarters mess and General Clark, accompanied by Mr. Murphy and Mr. Culbert, formally opens it. Afterward he has Murphy and Culbert and a few of his staff officers to his villa for dinner. Murphy remains in the General's villa overnight. * * * ODJDA, JANUARY 26, 1943--With Ro:mmel on the run and with the back frinp;e of his ret.reatinf Afrika Korps almost to the Tunisian border, matters are comin"' to a head in the !forth African tLeater. In al.L probabi.J.ity the show­ dovm in going to come in the Southern Sector vrhere the 11 Satin 11 force has been '! oncentrated. An afternoon phone call changes all of General Clar.K's p.Lans for tornorrow. Instead of going to Sidi Bel Abbes and Cha.nzy to see the Air 01::mrvation School and Fieict Artil.J.ery firing, he will leave for Algiers to�orrow as soon as it is light. General Eisenhover has called him there for conferences which vlill no doubt cover the immediate operation crystallizing in the Southern Sector and long-range war plans agreed upon at Casab..1.anca. ( The 34th Division, which moved from Algiers to Tlemcen in conjunction vrith activation of the Fifth Army, has novr been a.Lerted for movement to the front. This will put almost all the striking force of the Fifth Army in the forward area. General Clark, after receiving the call from General Eisenhaver, confers with General Gruenther. General N evins, Fifth Army G-3, vrili accomp1;,.ny General Clark to Algiers tomorrow. �l� ( During the afternoon, General Clark takes aavantage of sunnv rather to �et out of his office for a hike in the country outside Oujda. 'These hikes have become his me1 hod of letting off steam. �.forph;v and Culbert left this morning for Algiers and the general's day has been spent sole�y with matters concerning the Fifth Army-further organization, supply of eouip­ ment to the French, status of French units manning coast defense batteries. Tonight announcement is made of the visit of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill to Casablanca. It is z:e_r...orted that "they have reached a complete agreeme t o the offer$ive campaign. There prime objective was to draw as much weight as possible off the Russian Arrnv by engaging the enemy as heavily as possible. General Giraud and General DeGaulle also met at Casablanca and announced their agreement, and in a joint official statement they$aid, •we have met, we have talked, and vre have registered our entire agreement on the ends to be acheived, which are the liberation of France and trium1-n of human liberties by the total defbat of the enemy. This end will be attained by the union in i"Tar, of all Frenchmen fighting side by side with all their Allies.• Stalin was invited to take part in the conference but was unable to leave Russia because of the offensive which he is directing. Prime Minister Churchill said it was the most important conference he had ever attended. President Roosevelt said that the elimination of Ge1!1Illan, a.nd Japanese power is our aim, ara this means, 'unconditional surrender by Germany, Italy and ) JapanL 1 The President explained that this does net mean the destruction. of the Axis countries and people, but the destruction of their philosophy of · hate and fear and their subjugation of other people. The President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Great Britain have been in conference since January 14." General Ciark dines alone tonight and retires ear�y because of his schedu.1..ed early departure tomorrow. * OUJDA-ALGIERS, ID.OOJARY Z7, 194.3-Flying in his B-25, General Clark leaves tor General Eisenhower's headquarters at Algiers at 9:18 AM. Upon arrival there af't.r a routine flight, he goes directly to Allied Force Headquarters for a preliminary conference with General Eisenhower. Rommel is fast backing toward a last-sU1nd in Southern Tunisia. Al:ready some of his troops are occupying the Mareth line, a set of fortifications built in Southern Tunisia by the French prior to 19.39•40. Eventually, command over the British Army that has fought its way forward from Egypt, through Libya and almost through Tripolitania, and the British-American-French forces in Tunisia must be wider one head so that there can be concerted action to drive the Axis out of Africa. A meeting in the near future between the American and British leaders--Alexander, Montgomery, Anderson, Eisenhower, Clark and othera-nst be held. Also, the tactical plan along which the �tle must proceed will have to be crystallized. These are the things that Generals Clark and Eisenhower diecuss. Details will 1118 disclosed later in the diary. General Clark remains overnight in Algiers. * * * �( ALGIERS-OUJDA, JANUARY 28, 194.3••Following an early-morning conference w.ith General Eisenhower and returning to his Fifth Army Headquarters knowing that he is liable to be called back to Algiers at any ti.me,·General Clark takes off trom Maison Blanche airdrome at 8:48 AM for Oujda. Atter bucking a slight headwind, the B-25 puts down at Oujda at 10:54 AM. General Patton, commanding the I Armored Corps at Casablanca, is enroute to Oujda tor conferences with General Clark and his plane lands half an hour later. At headquarters, General Clark explains to General P.._.tton the recent developments and the results of his conference with General Eisenhower. Patton is instructed to be ready to go to Algiers at a moment's notice. General Clark is to call Patton as soon as General Eisenhower issues the BU111mons for the con­ ference. General Clark is accompanied back from Algiers b;y Brigadier General Kreuger, Air Corpe, and Patton, Gruenther and Kreuger lunch with General Clark at his villa. The chances or Backbone having to be executed grow eliJllller and slimmer. With the 34th Division already enroute to the front, General Clark orders today that the VI Corps, under General Dawley, take over Backbone II planning problems from General Ryder's division. Dawley is to move his headquarters out ot Oran into the Tlemcen district. Oran is already the he...,dquarters of the Mediterranean Base Section, under General Larkin, and having two cownands in the same city might cause complications. During the afternoon, General Art Wilson, commander of the Atlantic Base Section at Casablanca, visits General Clark and the Fifth Army Commander discusses with the ABS chiet suppl7 pro­ blems as they etf'ect units in the western half of his command area. General Clark also has a conference with Major Yarborough, the young paratroop officer who worked on Torch invasion planning, and the general agrees to send the promising officer back to the States for a larger command with either para­ troops or an airborne division. It has now been agreed that the dollar-tranc exchange rate will be low­ ered from 75 to 50 francs to the dollar. General Clark has his finance officer, Colonel LindBr in to discuss mechanics of the change. Officers and men are to H paid for the month of January at the rate of 75 trancs to the dollar. All back pay and allowances up to February 1 will also be paid at the old exchange. * * * OUJDA, JANUARY 29, 1943--General Eisenhower makes a hurry-up telephone cail. today that he is coming to Oujda to visit Fifth Amy Headquarters and confer with General Clark hilt, after General Clark has gone to the airport to greet him, word comes through that the flight has been cancelled because one or the engines or General Eisenhower's B-17s is not functioning properly. General Clark has two important conferences today. The first is with General Doolittle and it concerns use of the XIIth Air Support Command, which is attached to the Fif"th .Army. General Clark points out the need of pertecting ground-air support technique and cautions General Doolittle that there mustn't be too auch "robbing of units" in the Fifth Army area. General Clark stresses one ot his strongest conviction ot modern battle--the necessity for perfect teamwork between air and ground forces. The second important conference is with General Gruenther and the two British liaison officers attached to the Fifth Aray-Captain Grindle or the Royal Navy and Lieut. Colonel Weston, sent down �Briti:.h MOST SECRET ( ( as contact man between General Morgan's Northern (Backbone) Task Force and General Clark. Grindle and Weston are flying to Gibraltar tomorrow tor con­ ferences with General Mason-Macfarlane, governor of Gibraltar. Although the need tor executing Backbone appear less and less likely, General Clark de­ clares: "Execution of this move ia in our lap. Despite the tact it doesn't look like Backbone will be necessary, we muet be ready. I don't think we are going to have to put thie plan into effect but we can't sit around and, if the need arises, have nothing but our bare hands to fight it with. We are still drafting up plans to meet the various contingencies. Movement of front line troops out of our area only complicates our problem." Among other things that are to be discussed with General llason-1.!acd"arlane are the training of Gibraltar troops in North Africa so they will have room to maneuver and the use of Gibraltar commandos and troops in conjunction with General Morgan's force in event it is used to attack Spanish Morocco. The court record on the Ricks murder case goes to the general today tor review. To confidants he reviews his reactions to this black-white cue. He \ is disappointed with the verdict--lite imprisonment at hard labor. He feels that it was a case of "clear, cold-blooded murder--premeditated�" However, Ricks was provided with a clever defense counsel, "the best 1n North Africa," and "we gave him every break." "I debated a long time," says the general, "on whether I should censure the court but I found that I could not under military law. Th• verdict had to be unanimous and although the court found Ricks guilty, not all or them believed he should be executed. The death sentence would hav. been tough on Ricks and I would have liked to have seen it because it would have had a saluto17 effect, not only on American troops, but also on the natives and French who do not value life as highly as we do. The case was full or dynamite because of the black and white problem. We went to great lengths to see that a full record of the case was compiled and that the court was made up of people without color prejudices. It was a good court but it disappointed me a little." General Clark certifies life imprisonment at hard labor for Ricks and orders the transcript senl along to Allied Force Head­ quarters. Other matters that come up during the day concern recreation tot Fi£th Arr,sy troops and the general has a long conference with American Red Cross representatives who have been assigned to his army. The general is fanatic about aeeing that the enlisted man has diversion for the hours when he is of'f duty. Good recreation keeps a soldier happier and more fit for battle. Colonel Saltzman returns from a civil affairs tour to the west and reports back that Gener�l Nogues, governor-general of French Morocco, will be coming to Oujda February l to pay a formal call on General Clark and to inspect French troops. The general initiates plans tor a joint lmerican-French review. * * * OUJDA, JANUARY J0,.1943-Conferences with French officials occupy the general throughout the. morning. First comes the new Chef de la Region, M. Bouyssi, General Nogues civil representative in the Oujda district. Bouyssi succeeds 14. Caillat, the little monocaled Frenchman that General Clark felt was weak and on whom there had been reports that he had pro-Axis leanings. The second caller is French Brigadier General Boisseau, commander of the O.r�Mt military· district. Boisseau is accompanied by General Dawley, �( commander of the VI Army Corps whose headquarters.is being moved into the district. Use or French troops in guarding lines of communications and in manning coastal batteries ia discussed betm,en the French general and the two American generals. Brigadier General Caffey, commanding the 39th Infantry Regiment or the 34th Division, visits Fif'th Army headquarters for final discussions with various officers. Caffey is leaving immediately for the Tunisian :front sinoe the 34th Division, under General Ryder, is being moved into the Southern Sector. Work of the Fifth Army is concentrated now on issuing orders and see­ ing tha t � of its units move toward the front. A steady stream or orders pass out to units, down even to companies, to be alerted for prompt movement eastward. General Clark has now bad four airplanes attached to him so hex and his officers can move to various points in French North Africa with alacrity. In addition to the B-25 which the general has been using so much of late, there is a Flying Fortress and two C•53s, the work-horse cargo carriers that are now doing such a tremendous job in moving men and materiel throughout the theater. In the afternoon the general goes for a long hike with his G-1, Colonel Markoe. * * * OUJDA, JANU:\RY Jl, 194.3•-Another officer commanding a French sub-division in General Clark's Fifth Army area comes today to confer with the Army Com­ mander. He is Brigadier General Richards, commanding the Tlemcen district. General Clark goes over the problem of French units guarding lines of com­ munications. Richards district extends to the border of Spanish Morocco, hence, hia troops must be particularly on the alert. The day has a Spanish-Spanish Morocco tinge. Colonel Hohentb.al, United States military attache in .lla.drid, reports in to General Clark for consult­ ation. Hohenthal is of the opinion that Spain bas but one objective--to remain neutral. He does not look for trouble and he feels that Germany will exert pressure without avail on Spain and that the Axis is already too ex­ tended to make any military move against Spain. Hohenthal1s report coincides with confidential information being sent to North Africa by Allied ambassadors and ministers in Spain. The liklihood 0£ Backbone going into execution grows lwss and less but General Clark, despite the loss of thousands of troops ear­ marked for Backbone, keeps pushing on preparation of plans for moving into Spanish Morocco if' the need arises. Plans are constantly being changed be• cause of the shift of fighting troops to Tunisia. General Clark remarks that if the troop movement eastward continues at its present tempo, "we'll have to go into Spanish Morocco with truck drivers, nurses and staff officers." ( Continuing his reconnaissance of the country surrounding OuJda, General Clark drives to Berguent, a town on the fringe of the desert, 50 miles south of Oujda. Enroute he passes one of the largest coal mines in the region and the mine that is supplying much ot the coal being used by railroads in the eastern half of French Morocco. the country that the general passes through is partially desert and for the first time camels are seen. There are also partridges and other game birds and the general's finger itches to get on a shotgun trigger. In the evening, General Clark attends a party in honor of his G-3, General Nivens who is going to Allied Force Headquarters to do special planning work. A new Fifth Army G•.3 is now being considered. * * �( OUJDA, FEBRUARY 1, 1943--This compact French Moroccon town has its first military review today as General Clark and General Nogues, Governor General of French Morocco, inspect troops along the Rue de France and then watch American and French soldiers pass by in review. General Nogues, making his initial call at General Clark's Fifth Army head­ quarters, arrives at the Oujda airport and is taken to the American general's headquarters at the girls' school. General Clark meets Nogues at the gate and they inspect jointly two platoons of Company C of the 30th Infantry. An American army band plays the ruffles and flourishes for Nogues and the martial music as General Nogues looks over the American troops. The two generals then go to the Fifth Army Commander's office and confer about mutual problems for half an hour before going to the downtown section. ( Arriving at the city square, the French and American generals are paid honors and, after the two national anthems are played, they pass, side by side, before American and French troops lined up along four blocks. The curbs are lined with school children waving French and American flags, with Arabs in all manner of dress, with French civilians and American officers and men. As the two generals walk before the troops there are cries of "Vive la France" and "Vive Les Etats Unis. 11 They are shouts of "Vive le general Clark!! and several shouts for DeGaulle. After walking in front of the troops, Generals Clark and Nogues go to the reviewing stand in :f'ront of the city hall. There American and French officers and Arab leaders are gathered to watch the review with the two generals. Following the American colors and the American band comes the 1st battalion of the 30th Infantry which is located in the Oujda area. Then comes the colorfully garbed band of the 5th Marocains, dressed in brilliant red knickers and with many of the bandsmen playing high-toned native woodwinds. The regiment's standard includes strands of human hair. Following the French band comes the 5th Marocains, composed mostly of native North African troops carrying rifles with long, slender bayonets. The rear of the parade is brought up by some troops of the Foreign Legion. This outfit, with the trad­ itional Foreign Legion hat from which a white sun-veil trails down the back, includes men from almost every country--swarthy men, fair men, men with beards. They are a colorful lot, ma:roning in a slow, measured cadence. After the troops have passed in review, Generals Clark and Nogues walk back through cheering crowds to the offices of the Chef de la Region. The crowd claps and shouts. Nogues walks along looking neither to left or right� General Clark salutes occasionally and looks in all directions. The two generals are followed up the street by members of their staffs. Almost the entire afternoon is spent at a luncheon given in General Nogues 1 honor. Like all French luncheons, the eating process is long and heavy and leaves the guests feeling lethargic. ( One touchy problem is brought to the General today. At Casablanca, a CIO worker has been belligerent with army and navy authorities. He has been found guilty and a sentence at hard labor has been reconunended. Because of the union nature of the case, General Clark discusses it with the Judge Advocate of the I Armored Corps who has come to Fifth Army headquarters with the papers. General Clark is following one policy with regard to any actions impeding military matters or reflecting on the U.S. Army: be tough and set, :f'rom the start, an example that will discourage further breaches of conduct. * ·X- �( ( OUJDA-SIDI BEL ABBES-CHANZY-BEDEAU-OUJDA, FEBRUARY 2,,, 1943--Making his first use of a Field Artillery Observation plane--little Piper Cub "puddle jumpers 11 --General Clark flies today to Sidi Bel Abbes, home of the Foreign Legion and the spot where the Field Artillery pilots are training for action at the front. The general has had his npuddle jumper 11 rigged up with a loud speaker, so, before leaving Oujda, he circles headquarters and issues in­ structions from air to ground. Flying at about 400 feet, the general tells his aides that he will circle headquarters on his return and order his car to go to the airport. As the little planertnrns and heads east for Sidi Bel Abbes, the general shouts down: "Mighty fine looking headquarters you have there!n The loudspeaker, which could be used to issue orders to units in the field, is easily heard. After visiting the Artillery Observation training center at Sidi Bel Abbes, the general flies to Chanzy and the headquarters of the 13th Field Artillery. He is impressed by the morale and work of the officers and men despite the fact they are training under rather adverse conditions. From Chanzy he goes to Bedeau where batteries are having firing practice. He watches the firing from both the air and ground. Following regular firing, General Clark asks for demonstration of time fuse-air burst fire. This calls for the shell to burst 30 to 50 feet above the ground so it can spray its shrapnel into trenches. During the entire demonstaration, the artillery fire has been whining over the General's head. One of the time fuse-air bust shells falls dangerously close to the general and his party. Everyone but the general hits the dirt; he ducks one shoulder and leans away. Later, he tells how in that one brief moment of fire his mind flashed back to 24 years ago to France and the time he was wounded by Shrapnel. Following the demonstration, General Clark flies back to Chanzy for a conference �ith General Crane at the 13th Field Artillery Brigade head­ quarters, then heads for Oujda in the Piper Cub. Over hea�quarters, the plane drops down and the general bav:ls out that he wants his car sent to the Old Airport (which had been named, without the general 1 s knowledge, Clark :f'ield--a name that the general quickly declared taboo) • The voice from the air causes so much consternation at headquarters that tY:o other cars are sent out in addition to the general's ovm Packard! In the evening, General Clark and high-ranking members of his staff are dinner guests of the Pasha of Oujda, Moslem leacer of the district. The dinner is at the Pasria I s ornate home, deep insiae the n_Iedina, 11 native quarter of Oujda. The guests sit cross-legged on hassocks before lw. tables. 'Ii:1e gene:cal sits at one low-table r.;ith six other guests. The Pasna does not eat; he circulates amon::; the guests ,:-hile they feast. Ho···ever, his favorite son is seated at the general I s table. The menu is prodigious. First itein is a huge pigeon pie--cooked in a dish as big as a disnpan. One pie is p t on each of the tables and the gu.ests, eating in Arab fashion witnout cutlery, dip their fingers into their section of the mutual�y-munched pie and knuckle do· n to eatint,:,;. The coursesthat folJ.or, are a.1..most ·,lrlbelievable: a ';:hole roast mutton, glazed and well-done, from Ymicn the guei:,ts pluck c.uoice pieces; b a:ted tur:Cey with delicious nut dressing; baked chicken stuffed i.ith olives and seasoned with .ft.rab condiments; broiled mutton anc:. vegetables; meat balls immersed in a delicious sauce t. at is so .wt thot it burns ti1e general's fingers wnen he dips his hand in; then comes ncous-cou.s, 11 a favorite Arab dish that is made up of mutton, baked cnicken, and all kinds of vegetables underneath a mound of moist round m�t..J.. ·- then follows bowls ···.<:1 1 11 (. .C ., �( of fruit; trELys of deliciv11s cakes made with honey; .Arab mint tea, and ps.steries made like gazelle norns and sea shells. �fo lic�uor is served at the meal; only 1mter. Betneen courses .A.rab servants bring around bo,;ls of water and hand towels so they guests can wash their greasy fingers. Food tht..t is left over is taken out so the Pasha's wives (plural) and Arab leaders hovering about can eat. This is the most unusual dinner that the general has ever attenaed. The Pasha doesn't speak French too well so a three connered conversation goes on: Arabac to Fr8nch to English; Eng-ish to French to Arabic. * OUJDA-ALGI�:�S-OLJDA , FEBRUARY 3, 1943--General Clark �aits impatiently-­ working in his office--until he hears that Gene1 al Patton, who will acco,1pany him to Algiers, has taken off fro� Casablanca. Then he dasnes to Ou�da air­ port and as soon as General Patton lands, the tv10 American gener&l Is c 1..imb into General Clark I s Flying Fortress and take off' at 10:15 p_ i for Algiers. General Clark spends only an hou.r and a half at Algiers, conferring with General Fisenhower at both the Allied Force Heac1 q_uarters in the St. Georee Hotel.and at General Ike's villa. General Montgomery is comint:; to Algiers for tactical conferences as it becor.1es more and more obvious that the showdmm with the ._xis is going to come, probably, in Southern '1\:nisia. General Clark says nothing about details of the conference. He returns to Oujda at 4:51 Pll, confers briefly at the field with General Patton 11ho continues on to Casablanca and then returns to his headouarters. 'l'hc Fifth Army's new G-3, Colonel :.:alcolm Kamnerer--has reported in for duty, re­ placing General Nevins. P.nother interesting development is that Backbone, the operation calline for Fifth Army and British acticn should the Germans go into Spain or SpanisD , 1orocco or should any attempt be mac:e to close the Straits of Gibraltar, v.rill be considered passe as of 11Iarch 1. The chances of an;r such move look less and less and General {organ's force, preparing in the United :i(ingdom for Backbone, must be released for another job. The 9th U.S. Division, located in the Rabat-Port Lyautey region and one of the units scned.uled for use in case of Backbone I s execution, is to move to the front by r,iarcn 1. The Fifth Army's mission of being ready to execute Backbone looks less and less likely. Lieut. Col. r·eston, British officer sent to C.enerc-.1 Ch.rk as a liaison link between the Fifth krmy and Gene1·al Morg&.n I s force, is going to return to England. * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 4, 1943-·Plans discussed at Casablanc� by President Roose­ velt, Prime Minister Churchill, Generals Marshall, Eisenhower, Clark and other American and British officials are now beginning to congeal into action. Im­ portant conferences are being planned at Algiers and they will include dis­ cussions between military leaders in North Africa and the Middle East. These two fighting groups must eventually be pooled under one military command. General Clark begins laying plans £or returning to Algiers and continuing on for a tour of the front line area. General Clark limits his discussions con­ cerning future plans to conf'erences with General Gruenther, his Chief of Staff. Details will be recorded in the diary as they unfold. Colonel Malcolm Kammerer, who used to be with General Clark in the II f �' tis.h. MOSJ SECRET �1 Army Corps in England, is name G-3 section bead, succeeding General Nivens. He arrives at headquarters today to confer immediately with General Gruenther concerning Backbone and the Invasion Training Center which is beginning to operate at Arzew, just east of Oran. Backbone plans that had been drawn up for the 34th Division are to be turned over to the VI Army Corps. General Clark today adde Captain Reagan Houston to his aide staff, releasing Major Meacham to the Civil Affairs section. General Clark's day is filled primarily with conferences with section heads and coordinating orders for movement of troops to the front. A large force is being built up in the Southern Sector. The British Eighth Army is well past Tripoli now and the Afrilca Korps is installing itself along the Mareth Line. The Germans and Italians are being compressed into an ever 8JD8.ller area along the coast of Tunisia. The Tunisian front remains baeically the same, American-French-British forces having re­ gained the Ousseltia Valley where the Axis pushed forward 20 miles in mid­ January. Air tt,ctivity continues on a heavy scale now that the weather has improved. Sfax and Gabes are now being bombed with the same regularity and severity as Tunis and Bizerte in the north. The Firth Array' has its first American road show tonight with Martha Raye as the featured performer. General Clark attends the hour-long show at the Paris theater and later accompanies the motlon picture star to the Officers• Club at headquarters. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 5, 1943•-General Clark, for some unexplained reason, cancels today his planned trip to the front. It appears now that a huge planning conference will be held in Algiers. General Clark says nothing but messages indicate that such a meeting-with Generals Alexander and Montgomery attending--is in the wind. General Clark's day is fairly quiet and, because of a sore throat, he returns to his villa in late afternoon. The major conference of the day is held with Colonels Kammerer and Beam. The latter: heads the ICith Air Support Command which is part of the Fifth Army. Coordination of air and ground units in event Backbone must be executed and the use of air support in training operations at Arzew are gone into thoroughly. In the evening, General Clark attends a dinner at the home of General · Beucler, commander of French troops 1n the Oujda district. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 61 1943--The North African Theater of Operations, United States Ai1my (NATOUSA) is organized today with General Eisenhower in command. He relinquishes the European Theater or Operations (ETOUSA) to Lie�tenant General Andrews. General Clark explains that the European theater is now to become pri• marily an air activity theater with increasing bombing activity over Germany. Hence, an Air Ccirpa general has been put in charge. llATOUSA becomes the primary theater of war as far as operations against Gemmany and Italy are concerned. General Clark's Fifth Army now comes under NATOUSA. ;N:\t1t11\ff}}},.,\?if :; ;f:?-:XttJf t;,'\';f,e: ... quuls British MOST SECRET �( During the morning, General Clark, following several invitations, goes horseback riding with General Beucler. For the first time, the commanding general of the Fifth Army appe�rs at headquarters in riding britches and boots. He rides for an hour with the French officer who is an expert horse­ man. The general, who has not ridden for some time, returns to his office slightly on the sore side. Brigadier General Moses, G-4 of the War Department, arrives from Wash­ ington oh a tour of the North African theater. He confers EPtd lunches with General Clark who, following luncheon, calls his supply and quartermaster sections together for an afternoon-long meeting with General Moses on pro­ blems that have arisen in Africa. Moses gets a full report on how the supply situation is working in General Clark's army, bow particular local problems of supply have been met and where the greatest difficulties lie for an army in an actual theater of operations. Moses leaves in late afternoon. General Clark's desire or having more and better recreation for his enlisted men is fulfilled tonight when an army orchestra, ordered by the general and organized here in the past two days, plays for an enlisted men's dance at the Red Cross club. General Clark attends and leads the grand march. Instead of withdrawing to the sidelines, he dances most of the e"tJen.tng. It has been difficult to find partners for the enlisted men since there are few French girls in Oujda that speak English. The dance is crowded and the stag line in long. General Clark mingles with the enlisted men, talking to them, finding out what they are thinking and the problems that they face. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 7, 1943--Major General.Matt Eddy, commander of the Ninth United States Infantry Division, dri�s to Oujda today from his head­ quarters in the Rabat area for conferences with General Clark. Eddy's div­ ision has been alerted tor movement to the Tunisian front on March 1 and the problems arising with that move are gone into. The Ninth Division holds a key spot in current plans for Backbone and General Clark cautions EddJt that he must be prepared to execute his plans "right until the moment you begin mov­ ing out. We can't relax our vigilance or our training.'' General Clark, because of the cold that has been bothering him tor several days, cancels a scheduled trip to the Berkane region northwest of Oujda. Instead, he goes to the infirmary, has his throat painted and goes to his villa for the afternoon. The general plans a two-day' visit to the Invasion Training Center tomorrow and Tuesday and he does not want to have to cancel it since the Center is now in the midst of organization and it is imperative that General Clark see the arrangements before troops begin mov­ ing in to start specialized training in amphibious operations. The general plans on flying to La Senia airport at Oran and then going by car to the Invasion Training Center. * * * �f OUJDA-.Ai�ZEW-PORT AUX FOULES, FEBRUARY 8, 1943--The Fifth Army's Invasion Training Center, where part of the American troops in North Africa will be put through a gru_A�l:i}lg two-week course that will prepare them further for amphibious landings, is�inspected closely today by General Clark. One of the Fifth Army's missions is to prepare at least two divisions for amphibious warfare and General Clark goes to the Arzew area to determine how organization of the Invasion Train­ ing Center, under command of Brigadier General 0 1 Haniel, is proceeding. Accompanied by Captain Grindle, British navy liaison officer to the F:ifth Army; Colonel Sullivan, Fifth Army Quartermaster, and Lieutenant Beardwood, General Clark takes off for La Senia (Oran) airport at 1014 AM. The Flying Fort­ ress lands at 1051 after a smooth flight and the general's party leaves immediately for General O'Daniel's headquarters at Port Aux Poules, a beach resort eight miles east of Arzew. There, General Clark is met by General Dawley, commander of the VI Corps, and General 0 1 Daniel. Following luncheon at General 0 1 Daniel 1 s villa overlooking the sea, General Clark and his party and special staff officers who are attending school at the Invasion Training Center go to Arzew, board LCMs (Landing Craft Motor) and go out into the Gulf of Arzew to watch amphibious jeeps launched. Far out in the bay, the steel ramps of the LSMs arc let down and the jeeps roll on their wheels o£t, the ramps, nose into the water and become steady little boats capable of carry").f'our men and some equipment.• Three of the sea-going jeeps circle the LSMs and two of them scramble back on board again. The steam-operated ramp on the LSM on which General Clark is rising fails to work properly and the cable breaks when the motor can't be stopped. The jeep has to go ashore through the surf. General Clark observes that hand-operated ramp winches would be more practicable since jam-ups are less likely and the steam winches are· noisy and under combat conditions would be a give-away on the craft's position �hen landing under cover of darkness. From the Gulf of Arzew the party drives to a training section five miles west of Arzew. Here bluffs and hills rise sharpl� from the sea, making it possible to fire live ammunition from the landing craft. From a nearby cliff, General Clark and the officers watch an LCM move toward the beach firing an 81 nnn mortar that attempts first to lay the shells on the beach (to wipe out any opposition that might be there) and then back on the hills to harrass enemy troops that might be coming down the draws. Because of the rough sea, it is difficmlt to be accurate because of the bounce of the pitching craft. Despite the waves, the mortar is fairly accurate. Following demonstration with the 81 mm weapon, the same LCM comes ashore firing a 37 nnn anti-tank gun mounted in the landing craft's bow. Once again the pitching of the waves makes accuracy difficult but the gun fires shells quite close to its surfline targets. General Clark has a ringside seat for the firing demonstratiohs. ( Following the firing exhibition, another landing craft moves close ashore with an engineer demolition crew. A tank barrier has be�n erected at the surf line and six men have been ordered to destroy a section of it so tanks could get througu. A large rubber boat is launched froM the landing craft and the men go ashore through the surf with their demolition materials. The boat pitches and tosses and the men debark from it in the surf at waist level. While two hold the boat, the other four attach "Bangalor Torpedoes" to the tank barrier. These torpedoes are long lengths of pipe filled with time-fuse explosives. After placing their charges, the men decide they can not get back through the surf with their boat and drag it around into a protected cove. General Clark goes down to the waterline later to coMpare the surf with that he had to go through in a Falbot �( MOST SECRET when he made his submarine trip to Africa last October. The waves are not nearly so high. After a five minute wait, the charge attached to fou.r sections of the tank barrier goes off with a roar, sending chunks of metal and barbed wire high into the air. A huge gap is torn in the barrier that was imbedded in concrete. The demolition crew then goes to another section of the beach to blow, with saddle-type charges of TNT, three huge blocks of concrete erected as tank traps. Following this exhibition, the general and his party return to the port of Arzew to inspect an LCT (Landing Craft Tanlc) and to go aboard the Queen Emma, a British combat loader that has been loaned to the Invasion Training Center for a month. Enroute back to General 0 1 Daniel 1 s headquarters, a mock-up invasion training area is inspected. Here the various types of landing craft have been sketched out on the ground and from them troops can go through dry runs on how to debark from all types of landing craft. One of the mock-ups is of an LCI (Landing Craft Infantry) which is capable of carrying approximately 400 soldiers 12,000 miles for an assault. There are a few of this type craft in the African theater but at present they are at ports in the forward area. General 0 1 Daniel 1 s headquarters is located in beach homes at the surnner resort of Port Aux Foules. General Clark visits them and inspects the bivouac area in the hills behind where 10,000 troops at a time could be accomodated. This area is not yet being used since the full-scale Invasion Training Center program is not yet underway. At present, staff officers from the Fifth Army, divisions and regiments are watching training cadres work. Following that re­ corunendations will be made and cadres for training infantry and armored units will be set up to instruct outfits that will come in later for training. In addition to ma.king recommendations, the staff officers now at the Training Center will return to their units, build mock-ups and instructs their troops in loading and landing fundamentals before they ever reach the center for actual work on the ground. One Infantry Combat Team and one Armored Combat Command will be trained during each 10 day to two-week period. General Clark is pleased with the progress that has been made in getting this all-imrorant Fifth Army job underway. Hov1ever, he makes certain reconnnendations and stresses the necessity for air-ground cooperation in amphibious landings and takes steps to move up personnel and equipment from his XIIth Air Support Command. General Clark has dinner at General O'Daniel 1 s villa and remains there overnight. * * * of PORT AUX POULES-OUJDA, FEBRUARY 9, 1943--A demonstration/the work done by beach parties in an amphibious landing is ma.de this morning before General Clark and the staff officers attending the Invasion Training Center. Standing on a dune overlooking a broad stretch of beach between Arzew and Port Aux Foules, General Clark watches the rudiments of an invasion landing acted out before him. Offshore lie landing craft. At 9:30 the LCM containing the beachmaster ch�gs in to the beach, lets dovm its ramp and the beachmaster and two communications men come ashore to reconnaissance the beach, make sure they have hit the correct point and signal back for the next wave to hit the beach. The landing craft are superb. They are brought in through the surf and virtually to the surf line. Dovm come the ramps; put pour the troops, then the landing craft, powered by 500 horsepower motors, back away and put out to sea (in a full landing, back to the combat loader) for another load of men or mat­ eriel. The second wave includes initial elements of the shore party plus an · . .:i\ 'j,\f�:)t�I-.,;: �·t .. ·· · -·-- .. tr ca:f is MOST SECRET �( ( amphibious jeep that, after running dovm the ramp, circles out behind the breaking waves to measure the depth of the water and mark obstacles or sand bars. The third LSM contains a deisel-povrered bull dozer (because deisel engines need less water-proofing than gasoline operated machines) that comes ashore to scrape out a road over which tanks and trucks could move over the sand to the harder earth and roads back from the beach. The bulldozer also pulls three sledges loaded with chicken wire and steel-barred mats. While the bulldozer scrapes the roadway, the beach party, which has grown by now with the addition of road-laying crews, slit trench diggers and security troops, lays dovm the mats parallel to the beach so the vehicles that are already moving ashore can find a solid base on which to move. The road being scraped by the bulldozer is also laid with these mats. A full compliment of troops is not used for the demonstration but it proves with what timing and precision the shore parties must work. General Clark goes dovm onto the beach to inspect the work and to confer with General Wolfe, commanding the Engineer Amphibious Brigade that is attached to the Invasion Training Center. General Clark discusses engineer strength and assignment with General Wolfe in an attempt to determine just what the ratio of the shore party should be to each Regimental Combat Team. Satisfied that the Invasion Training Center is located in a fine area and off to a good start, General Clark and his party drive to La Senia airport and take off at 12:03 PM for Oujda in the general's Flying Fortress. He arrives at Angad airport, Oujda at 12:35. Following lunch he confers with his Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, concerning Fifth Army problems arising during his brief absence and concerning improvements that must be made at the Invasion Training Center. General Clark notes that more adequate clothing must be obtained for the beach parties since their coveralls and leggings are not practicable for the work. Rubberized and possibly zippered clothing must be secured. Lieutenant General Mason-MacFarlane, governor of Gibraltar, is to Bly to Oujda tomorrovr to confer with General ClarkJ•• colonel Louis Ford has been named Ordnance Officer of the Filth Army •• The nomination or General Clark's Chief of Sta.rt, General Gruenther, bas gone to the Senate for a major generalcy••• In the evening, Generals Clark, Gruenther, Lemnitzer and Colonel Saltzman are dinner guests of M. and Mme. Husson ••• Husson is secretary general to the Chef de la Region. * * * OPJDA, FEBRUARY 10, 1943•-General Mason-Macfarlane arrives at General Clark's headquarters this e"t.lening and the most important part of the Firth Army's Commander's PflCked day is getting all information possible on operation Backbone so he can discuss its ramific&tions with the round-shouldered governor of Gibraltar. t Calling in his Chief of Staff and heads of those sections most concerned with the Spanish Moroccan project, General Clark goes over the plans in detail. Because of the varying number of ways the affair could break, the G-3 section is preparing five different sets of plans to meet five possible contingencies: start of hostilities before March 1 and use of General Morgan's Northern Task Force; start of hostilities art.er Match 1 and, consequently, no use of General Morgan's force; fighting the campaign with a strong American force; fighting with an American force further weakened by movement of troops to the Tunisian front, and waging the campaign almost exclusively with French troops supported by special American units. ··· · ";)$111·\J.. �uuls British MOSl SECRET �31 "The worat thing that could happen," says General Clark, "is that this thing would break on us within the next 18 days. Nobody thinks it is going to happen and it has been decided to shoot the works in Tunis with everything we can lay our hands on. We are keeping a minimum or troops back here in the area where we would have to jump off if the Spanish situation broke and the Straits of Gib­ raltar were threatened. If we had to order the Northern Task Force to go into o�ration it would take 47 days before they could make their landing in the Tangi•rs region. We can call on that force until March 1. Afier that date, the shipping being held for that force must be released and Morgan's force prepared for another operation. Despite all these things and the growing belief that we will never have to execute Backbone, we mustn't take the attitude that the plans are in the air. We could find ourselves in a hell of a shape. We've got to push, push, push on this thing and be ready for a?JiY'thing." General Clark is told that the plans of the I Armored Corps are due tomorrow and that those of the VI Corps will be in by February 15. After a discussion of air-ground cooperation, Colonel Beam declares that he \\OUld like to have as soon as possible a list of the air objectives in the order of their importance. The XIIth Air Support Command of the Fifth Army has power to draw from the Xllth Air Force the units that the Fifth Army requires for an operation. Colonel Adcock reports that the supply problem does not present great difficulties and that Caeablanca. would be the main supply base for Backbone. ( The principal matter that must be taken up with General Mason-Macfarlane is the gearing or operations from Gibraltar with those of the force that would strike northward by land and with General Morgan's force that, if called upon before March 1, would come by sea t"rom the United Kingdom. Certain Spanish coastal guns must be put out of action by Commandos operating from Gibraltar. A plan bas also been conceived whereby Commandos would land in the Tangiers region, secretly hidden overnight and then go into operation :f'rom the landside to silence guns a few hours before Morgan's force would hit the beaches. General Clark returns the 6hef de la Region's courtesy call today, calling on M. Bouyssi at his regional headquarters. The American general and the French civil official discuss local sanitation and where cooler quarters can be found for American troops when the sweltering summer months come. $ummer bivouac areas are now being reconnaissanced in the Tlemcen district, in the mountains between Oran and Oujda. Pictures or General Clark and his section heads are taken today and, immediately thereafter, the general has his portrait taken in his office sitting before the three flags now ranged in a group behind his desk-­ the American Flag, the Fifth Army flag and the general's standard of rank, the tw:-.e white stars of a lieutenant general on a background of red. General Maeon­ Macfarlane,does not arrive at the Oujda airport until 6 PM. General Clark is there to greet him. A band and a platoon of well-groomed soldiers pay the govennor honors before he gets into General Clark's oar and rides to his villa for dinner and the night. * ( * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 11, 1943-..Suffering from a combination cold and a touch of something akin to ptomaine poisoning, General Clark remains at his villa under care of a doctor and nurse today. Throughout the night he is quite ill and Col. Bruce orders him to remain in bed for the . .ne or two. �-...• .. . . .. �Because of the general's illness, General Mason-Macfarlane confers with General Gruenther and then, just as he is leaving Oujda, the governor of Gib­ raltar, calls on General Clark who is in bed. Soon after General Mason-llac takes off, Rear Admiral Hall of the U.S. Navy arrives. He conf"ers briefly with the general at his villa and then has the bulk of his discussions with General Gruenther. Hall is to do special naval planning in connection with future oper­ ations. It is announced tonight that all Allied troops in Africa--the two British Armies, American troops and the French forces-have been put under the supreme command of General Eisenhower who is being promoted to a full general. This is to be the new setup under which the drive will be made to throw the Axis out of the little fringe of Tripolitania and the coastal region of Tunisia where the German-Italian forces are now hemmed. General Eisenhower, commander-in-chief; General Harold Alexander, who has been commanding the army of the Middle East, aa deputy commander-j.n-chie.f; comma.nder-for-a.ir, Air Marshall Teddar; naval commander, Admiral Cunningham; commander of the Middle Eastern Force, succeed­ ing Alexander, General Henry Maitland Wilson; commander of the British First Army and all French troops, General Anderson. The announcement of the supreme command for Korth Africa is made by Prime Minister Churchill is a speech to the House or Commons. Staff officers from the army of the Middle East are now arriving in Algiers for a council of war that will start Saturday. This was the conference that General Clark was to have attended but illness will now prevent him doing so. It is likely that the council, after meeting in Algiers, will fly to Tripoli for further conferences prior to the big push aimed at driving Rommel and Von Arnim and their armies out of Africa. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 12, 194.3-...0eneral Clark is much improved today. The war horse is pawitjg his foot a.gain and in mid-afternoon he issues orders that a plane is to be ready to fly him to the war conferences early Mond�y morning. Although he remains in bed all day he keeps in contact with his office and in the late afternoon has sev.eral officers, including Generals Gruenther and Moran, in. The general's Flying Fortress is to le�ve Oujda tomorrow for the Algiers conference. It will carry Generals Patton, who is flying up from Casablanca, and Lee, head of the Swrtiee of Supply who is in the African theater from the United Kingdom; Colonels Lewis and Beam, artillery and air support section heads of the Fifth Army, and Captain Grindle, British naval liaison officer to the Fifth Army. Oujda will turn into a Mecca tomorrow as four generals-Major Generals Patton and Lee and Brigadier Generals Larkin and Wilson--f.ly here for conferences with General Clark. By nightfall, General Clark is quite chipper again and is planning on returning to his office at least briefly tomorrow. * * * �33 OUJDA, FEBRUARY 13, 1943--0ujda becomes like Mecca today as four generals call on General Clark. The Fifth Army Commander, still weak from his illness, goes to his office in mid-morning. He decides that he will not go east for the special conference that American and British officers will attend next week in Tripoli •. Generals Patton and Lee and Colonels Lewis and Beam ,1111 attend the conference and report back to General Clark. This conference is going to out­ line the lessons that the British Eighth Army learned while it was fighting Rommel's forces in Libya and Tripolitania. Conferences concerning conduct of the war against the Axis in Africa are now being held in Constantine where General Alexander, deputy commander-in• chief under General Eisenhower, is establishing his new headquarters. Generals Patton and Lee, who were to have flown to Tripoli with General Clark, confer with the Fi£th Army commander on the pending conference. Two other points, in addition to the conference discussion, are disposed of at the Clark-Patton-Lee meeting. There have been reports that Brigadier General Wilbur has had an unauthorized interview with El Glaoui, the Pasha of Marrakech. Patton declares that this is not true and General Clark agrees to straightend the record on it. Patton also asks that not all tanks be taken away from his Western Morocco region for use at the front. He requests that he be allowed to retain 15 of them. Lee, head of SOS, ETOUSA, is going to the Tripoli conference to learn of supply problems that the British Army faced in its 1100 mile drive. ( Following their conference with General Clark, Patton, Lee, Lewis and Beam, accompanied by Captain Grindle, the British Navy officer who is going to Algiers to undertake special planning work, take off in the general's Flying Fortress. The two other generals conferring today with General Clark are Brigadier Genearals Larkin and Wilson, heads of MBS and ABS, rewpectively. A Service of Supply for NATOUSA is being organized and it is probable that Larkin will head it. The question of Larkin's suecessor at Oran is discussed and in all likelihood the post will go to Larkin's Chief of Staff, Colonel Edmund H. Leavy. General Wilson discusses a personal matter with General Clark. He wants the general's advice on whether he should take a job with NATOUSA at Algiers or remain as head of the Atlantic Base Section. General Clark tells him to stay at A1BS and that he will try to get command of a division for Wilson. General ClRrk returns to his villa at 4 PM and, after resting, spends the · evening with Lieut. Col. Bruce and Major Ball. Patrol activity only, coupled with air bombardment, is occuring along the front. The only unusual activity was a raid on the Gafsa area by U.S. Rangers who captured or killed 35 Italians while losing only one of their men. Rain has again mired down the northern sector. Both sides are building up troops in the areas immediately behind the lines and the showdown fight is coming to a head now that the Allied command has been settled and the French North Africa forces are coorelating plans with the British Eighth Army. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 14, 194.3--General Lemnitzer, General Clark's Deputy Chief of Start, relinquiehes his position today so he can move to the Constantine area to take active command of the. ....-· ·-· 34th_C ·ery Brigade (anti-aircraft) • f ;, • ••"! �( General Lemiitzer will be succeeded by Colonel Adcock who has been Fifth Army G-4. Adcock's successor has not yet been selected. General Clark goest to his office on the regular schedule this morning and he !.ssfeeling�his·"gliliself again. During the morning he confers with Generals Gruenther and Lemnizter and Colonels Adcock and Robinson (Fifth Army Anti-Aircraft officer) concerning anti-aircraft protectioh of the Oujda area, movement of the 34th Brigade to Constantine and the change in staff necessitated by Lemnitzer's Iieparture. A great part of the morning, however, is taken to dispose of papers that piled up during his illness. He calls in various officers for consultation. In the afternoon, General Clark, accompanied by Col. Bruce and Cap�in Roberts and two nurses that the general takes along so they can get out of Oujda and see the surrounding country, makes a reconnaissance of the deep gorge connecting Tafouralt �d Berkane, both northwest of Oujda. The trip, through rugged, beautiful country and over narrow, twisting roa.ds, takes the greater part of the afternoon. In the evening the general attends a farewell .party for General Lemnitzer. The husky, quiet officer who is leaving has been close to General Clark since days back at the Army War College. Lemnitzer is a member of the close-knit f+ve-man expedition that came to Africa last October to pave the way for the successful execution of TORCH. General Clark hates to see "Lem" go but the big Brigadier has been chaffing to get into the field with troops. ( * * * The folliwing cable has been sent to General Eisenhower concerning hie promotion to a full generalcy and his taking command of the entire African theater: "The officers and men of the Fifth Army rejoice in the news of your well deserved promotion to the grade of General. They join me in extending sincereet congratulations. We are proud to have the opportunity of serving under your able leader.ship. Clark." * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 15, 1943--Toda.y is a day of diverse activity for General Clark as he addresses Military Police officers who have just arrived in Oujda with an NJ> company, confers with Colonel Carruth who has come over to make an engineering inspection for the Army Ground Forces, decides to finally let the French in partially on Backbone pltina, releases prisoners from the guard house and inspects virtually all installations in the Oujda area. The general tells the MP officers that they and their men must set a high dieciplinary sh.ndard for the Fifth Army headquarters area. "Your MPs," says the general, ''must set a high standard for courtesy. They must not be a gestapo. Morale and the entire feeling and a.ppaarance of an area rests to a great extent on the conduct of the military police. I want your men and your camp to be models that ather troops will try and emulate. To gin the MPs and espirit de corps, the general has ordered that they will wear pure white helments, white leggins and white glovee. The men are already on posts allwer town and they look splendid. Th� general gives the MP officers advice on how to police the area.. A 10 PM curfew has been set for �jda. ,·:,,,,<�- �35 ( Col Carruth, Enginaer of the 2nd Army, comes to General Clark's Office with Colonel Adcock, the new Deputy Chief of Staff of the Fifth Army. He is making a eurvey of conditions and problems in Arica and he confers lengthily with General Clark and Adcock. Believing that the time is ripe and that the French should be brought in on Backbone plans as far as possible, General Clark sends a radio to General EisenhoweF asking confirmation of his decision to bring the matter up with French General Juin who is to call at Fifth Army headquarters on February 20. French units would be used primarily to guard lines of communication should the advance into Spaniah Morocco be necessary. It insufficient American troops were available shou+d Backbone go into effect, special French units would join the u.s. troops on the front lines. ( A proposal that General Clark mad• in Algiers last December is beginning to bear fruit. General Gomez of Brazil is to come to North Africa in response to the general's idea that Latin-American countries put a token force in this theater. Mexican army officials are also planning a reconnaissance trip. Form­ ation of Service of Supply, NATOUSA, ia announced today and Brigadier General Larkin is to command with Colonel Ford as his Chief of Staff. Ford is being released a• Ordnance Officer of the Fifth Army and Colonel Urban Niblo, who waa General Clark 1s Ordnance Officer when he commanded the II Army Corps in England ii to be th• new Fifth Army Ordnance chief. Succeeding Larkin as commanding general of the Mediterranean Base Section is Colonel FA Heavey. Another development of the day is that movement of the 9th Infantry Diviaion, commanding by General Eddy and which is part of th• Fifth Army, has completed mpvement from the Port Lyaut.y area to the Oran-Tlemcen region. Duriag the afternoon Geneaal Clark makes a thorough inspection of all troops and areas in the Oujda region . He is accompanied by Lieut. Colonel Smith, headquarters commandant. The Fifth Arm:, commander makes innumerable recommendations--oiling of roads that are already becoming dusty as the days become hotter and drier, landscaping improvements for various areas, taking over for use by the MP company of certain small houses just being completed, obtaining more sandbags for the slit trenches that have been dug in case of air raids. Checking on the guard house in the headquarters company area, General Clark goes over the confinement records of four men and orders that they be brought to his office. He interviews each one separately and then orders that the remainder of their sentences be suspended. "It is my belief," says the general, "that a confined man is useless and that unless his crime is too great he should be released so he can do his part. Confinement of men on more or l••• minor offenses means a great loss of man hours and every man hour is important in an active theater." In the evening, following his practice of having his headquarters officer• to his villa informally, General Clark has Colonels Barker and Micklewaite, his Chemical and Judge Advocate officers, to his home for dinner. Ta• general plans to fly to Guercif tomorrow in a Piper Cub to inspect 30th Infantry regiment units in that area. ( * * * �( OUJDA-GUERCIF .. TAOURIRT-OUJDA, FEBRUARY 16, 194.3--General Clark's Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, becomes a Major General; the Commanding General of the Fifth Army vieits units of the 30th Infantry regiment in the Guercif­ Taourirt region; the Germans make a.n 18-mile deep break-through in front of Sbeitla. but by nightfall they have been driven back eight miles. These are the major happenings of the d� o Following early morning conferences with Mr. Schott, new U.S. consul to Oran, and with Colonel Ford ,rho is going to Algiers to undertake his new job, General Clark takes off from the old Oujda airport at 9:23 AM in a Piper Cub artillery observation plane. He arrives a.t Guercif in an hour and.20 minute� and ie met by Colonel Rogers, commander of the 30th. With Colonel Rogers and Lieut. Col. Bernard, commanding the battalioh.-in the Guercif area, General Clark tours the battalion area in a jeep. One case of typhu3 has been reported in the Guercif area and medical officers are working on the case and planning a de-lousing program for fear the highly communicable disease will spread to American troops. Brigadier General Simone, commander of French troops in the Guercif sub-division area, and two of his staff officers also accompany the Fifth Army general on his inspection tour. General Clark finds that the Amer­ ican troops are well set up except for entertainment and he decides to order a projector and fichm to Guercif as soon as he return3 to Oujda. ( General Clark is the luncheon guest of Colonel Roger� and French officials of the region, including General Simone, are also invited. Following luncheon, the Fifth Army commander reviews a �all detachment of French troops. At 1:10 ?M, the general takes otf for !aourirt lllld lands there at 1:45. Another bat• ta.lion of the 3oth 1 leaa one company that is in training at the Invasion Training Center, is encamped around Taourirt and Col. Dahlman, commander of this battalion, conducts General Clark on a tour of the bivouac areae. The general then takes off for Oujda in the " puddle jumper" plane and arrives there at 4:1+2 PM. The...O•rma.n break-through was made in th• center or th• Southern Sector by about .30 tanks. Some of our artiliery positions were overrun. Reconnaia­ aance show• about 70 tanka in reserve and the Germana, apparently in a feint• ing movement, have about 70 vehicles moving toward Gafsa. By nightfall, American troops in the region have th• situation under control and they have driven the Axia forces back eight miles. Notification comes through that General Gruenther 1 e promotion to a aajor generalcy has been approved by the senate so General Clark has a small congratula.tory party at his villa at 6:00 PM. While many of th• 1'�ifth Army Staff officers look on, General Clark pins the second atar on his Chief of Staff saying: 1tit 1 & a real pleasare to put this on you, Al, and I hope I will be putting stars on some of these other officers ,before long." The general then has Colonel Howard and Majors Balla and Meacham for dinner. * * ; * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 17, 194.3--The Axis bas launched a sizable drive in the aouthern sector, bulging their front to include Gafsa. For the first time since the Tunisian campaign atarted, the line is radically changed as the Germans and Italians aend tanks, motorized equipment and dive bombers against American troops around Gafsa. The enemy is also occupyi!]g Sidi Bou Zid,_ northeast or Gafaa, threatening Sbeitla and the strategic Thelep� airfiela near Feriana.. �l This develepnent cauaes General Clark great concern, particularly in view of predictions he made over two months ago and because of his request--declined by the War Department--to take command of the southern sector and strike before the Axis could get troops into position or before Rommel could back his way into Tunisia to join his harrassed forces with those of Von Arnim. 11 .lor a long time," the general says, "I had predicted tha'tiRommel would at­ tempt to make a juncture with Axis forces in Tunisia. I began to worry about it early last December while Rommel was retreating before the British Eighth Anny' in Libya. It was constantly and habitually assumed by G-2 at Allied Force Head­ quarters in Algiers that Rommel was incapable of making such a long retreat and an effective fusing of his forces with those in Tunisia. I couldn't understand why Mockler-Ferryman (G-2, AFHQ) figured this was impossible and he said Rommel lacked sufficient transportation and gasoline. "What was apparent to me and what I predicted has happened. Rommel has Joined his forces and the fight now is going to be long and hard. "You will also recall my lone campaign to get American troops out of the noJ'thern sector, where they were under British colllll8lld 1 and into the southern sector oder a consolidated American coJIIJll8.D.d. This was finally done and I pro­ pesed that our units be gathered under one command and made ready to drive a wedge into the Gabes-Sfax area to prevent Just the thing that has happened. I asked to take that command. Arter much discussion with "Ike" (General Eisen­ hower) he made such a request to the War Department. It was turned down because the command was not big enough for an Army and because or the job that might have to be done along the Spanish Morocco border. As a result, as you will re• call, the II Corps was assigned to the task and General Fredendall took over the planning of "Satin," the proposed southern sector drive. "Logistics experts said the road and railroad in the southern region wouldn I t support the pl.an I had in mind. They said all that could be supported was the lat Armored Division and one regimental combat team plus some service units; that that was all the Constantine-Te�ssa railroad could stand. I told Ike I could put five times that number of troopa in there and support them. I had gone to the region. I had studied the situation. I knew it could be done. Now it has been done. "The force assembled under the. II Anay Corps was to have started a drive on Gabes by January 20. It was all set to go and then it was called off. This decision, I under•tand, was reached at a conference held between Generals Alexander and Eisenhower. Alexander, I am told, urgee that the attack be delay­ ed so a drive by the American force and the Eighth Army could be coordinated. While we were getting set for this, Rommel did what I predicted he would--he got his forces out of Tripolitania and into Southern Tunisia and he consoli­ dated his position. "The Germans now have taken Ga.fsa. They are attacking to take all the high ground and they are getting the key terrain. They have pushed in at Faid and Sidi Bou Zid. They- have a strong defensive line and they have a key airport at Gafsa that can be a fol'!lidable threat to our flank. We will push them out but we are going to have to do it the hard way and at a great cost in lives and equipment. �33 ( 11 If we ha4 attacked on January 20 we could have pushed our torces--if we had used everything at haad--all the way to Gabes. Then we could have blocked the Gabes corridor and prevented Rommel from joining his forces with those in Tunisia.; could have prevented the very thing that is happening now. "We bad many artillery positions overrun yesterday and we lost a lot of men and guns. The result is that the 9th Division Artillery is now being moved to the front under forced march. Dive bombing at the front has been particul­ arly heavy and we have to find the solution to that if we are to take the in­ itiative. u ( Weather interferes with the general's planned schedule today. There is a slight coating of snow on the ground at dawn and during the day there is a fine, cold, penetrating rain. John Jay Mc Cloy, an assistant Secretary or War, was scheduled to arrive at Fifth Army headquarters during the afternoon but all planes, both incoming and outgoing, are grounded. One of the general'a callers is Colonel Henderson of the 4th Motorized Division who is touring North Africa as an Anny Ground Force observer. The main conference of the day is with General Gruenther, Colonel Adcock and Col. Robinson (Fifth Army Anti­ Aircraft officer}. With General Clark they go over revised Backbone plans. Because of the movement of the 9th Division and the likelihood of further troops being drawn out of the Fifth Army area, French troops will have to play a more important role in the operation if it has to be executed. General Clark places a long distance call to Major General Harmon, commanding the 2nd Armored Division, and orders him here from the Rabat region for confer­ ence tomorrow. In late afternoon General Dawley arrives at Fifth 11:rmy head­ quarters and confers with General Clark before heading back to his new VI Corps headquarters between Tlemcen and Oran. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 18 1 1943-•The Axis drive in the Southern Sector con­ tinues on a large scale and by night we have lost Sbeitla., Ferio.na and the splendid natural airport at Thelepte, and Kasserine. American troops, who were to have anchored in a defense line in the low range of hillts running roughly from Feriana and the south, through Sbeitl.a. 1 and then toward Pichon, are unable to dig in ao they back up to the higher range running behind Kasserine. Early morning reports are that we have lost 108 tanks but a revised report later in the day sets the figure at about 150. This is a tremendous leas and General Clark is extremely worried. The only comper,isation is that the British Eighth Army is moving forward 1ovarf the Tunisian-Tripolitanian border, having taken Ben Gardane, in Tunisia, and driving toward Medinine. RollJJlel apparently is getting elbow room in Southern Tunisia, withdrawi11g his troops northward for a probable stand against the British Eighth Army in the Gabes corridor, a 15 mile wide area flanked by the sea on the east and a tremendous marsh area on the west. l In mid-afternoon reports come in that British-operated Sherman tanks have been thrown in with the 1st Armored Division. French troops are also being mixed in. The 34th Division is half attached to the II Corps and half with the French. The situation is pretty snarled. �( General Clark is "very much worried" about the situation in Southern Tunisia, "particularly about this inter-mingling of units." He declares that it can "well foretell disaster. 11 "It has alw� been the theory-..and I have hammered and preached it--that our units DlUSt be kept intact so they can fight as they have been trained to fight, as a coordinated team. When we mix up our units and when we keep them fighting as battalions or even smaller, they are not capable of self-sustainment or of coordinated action. There is· a very close comparison between one of our fighting units and a football team. You can't throw in a British "tackle" or a French "end" and expect him to know the signals or even play the game the way you play it. Inter-mingling of units could be fateful." Because of the situation at the front, General Juin cancels his sched­ uled conference here Saturday with General Clark. Weather conditions--heav,y and continuous rain--cancel two other planned conferences of the general: one with Assistant Secretary of War Mc Cloy and the other with Major General Harmon. Work of the Fifth Army during this front line crisis is concentrated on alert­ ting units under its control for rapid movement to the front. Replacements in men and materiel must be rushed up. Artillery of the 9th Division is already underway and the demand today is for more self-propelled 105 mm howitzers. f \ Unless some unforseen thing rises, General Clark now plans to le�ve Oujda on February 23 on a trip that will take him to conferences with General Nogues and the Sultan of Morocco at Rabat, with Generals Patton and Wilson at Casablanca and on to Marrakech to look over the possibility of making that his headquarters for a proposed command post exercise. Outline plans for Backbone are buttoned up today u General Clark goes •ver the draft with Generali Gruenther and Colonels Adcock and Robinson. Another conference is held with Colonel Howard, Fifth Arm:, G-2, concerning counter intelligence corps work and Lieut. Col. Parsons, head of CIC for the Fifth Army, and four of his officers, two in uniform and two in civilian clothes, talk this phase of intelligence work over with the general. General Clark receives good personal news today, being informed by letter that his old boss at Army Ground Forces in Washington--General McNair--is coming to Africa on an inspection trip. In the evening the general relaxes by playing ping pong with members of his staff and then has Col. Sullivan, his Quarter­ aaster, as his dinner guest. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 19, 1943•-The situation at the front improves today but it still is cause for great concern. The Axis is consoiidating its position and we are digging in along the arc of hills behind Feriana-Kasserine-Sbeitla. The enemy tries two feelers; fails in both. One is an attack in the Pichon area but it is repiilsed. The second is a drive by 20 to .30 German tanks against the pass leading from Kasserine to Tebessa but the Germans are driven off. General Clark spends much anxious time going over the situation reports and consulting the large maps on his office walls. The defensive position taken by the American-French-British troops is strong. However, the southwest end of the line is in flat plain country and Rommel, if he doesn't have to leave too much behind to protect the Gabes corridor from the advance of the Eighth Arm:, may tr,y to encircle the southwest end of the line. General Clark �YO ( believes that the Eighth Army 11 will save the day. 11 It is on the move toward the cottidor and a trenendous battle undoubtedly will ts.lee place there. The general situation is still very dangerous. General Clark receives a report from the II Corps on men and materiel losses and they are high, particularly in the vital Medium tanks. In late afternoon, despite continued bad weather, General Patton, Vice Admiral Kirk and General Clark's three Fifth Army officers--Colonels Lewis, Beam and Kammerer return from Tripoli where they attended the conference on lessons learned in fighting Rommel's Afrika Korps. General Clark confers with General Patton and Admiral Kirk and then dines with them at General Gruenther•s villa. Patton and Kirk remain overnight at General Clark's villa. The Spanish Consul in Oujda, the Marquis of Orelleana Vieja, calls on General Clark and as a result the consul, who is going to Spanish Morocco, is going to arrange a meeting somewhere near the French-Spanish Morocco border between General Clark and General Orgaz, top-ranking General in Spanish Morocco. The general also prepares today for two eventualities--his going to the front and the possibility that at least part of the summer will be spent in this region. Regarding the first, he is havinf4 an armored scout car rigged up with special seats and guns so he can go rig��to the front lines if necessary; on the second, he orders a reconnaissance made of the mountainous area between Oran and Oujda so that troops can be moved to a cooler region if necessary. It is of interest to record in this record that of the 85 graduates of General Clark's class at West Point (1917) who have remained in the army to date, at least 32 are now general officers. At least 21, and probably more since all the "makes" are not up to date, are brigadier generals; 10 are major general, and one, General Clark, is a lietitenant general. It is also unusual that General Clark, youngest man in his ciass, was the second member of the 1917 group to become a brigadier general,; the first to become a major general; and the only one, to date, who is a lieutenant general. At the Point, General Clark finished in approximately the middle of his cl.ass. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 20, 1943--The Assietant Secretary of War, John ;J. Mc Cloy, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters today and,after lunching with General Clark at his villa, he reviews, in company with General Clark, two platoons of in­ fantry that have been drawn up as a guard of honor in the s chool courtyard just outside General Clark's office. Rain, which has been falling for the past three days, is pelting down but Mr. Mc Cloy makes a very thorough inspection. Following a long conference in the commanding general's office, during which Mr. Mc Cloy introduces members of the staff that accompanied him to North Africa on a survey trip tor Secretary of War, General Clark and the Assistant Secretary of War go to a seminar at which officerB recapitulate what they learned at the Eighth Army conference in Tripoli. l Colonel Kammerer, General Clark's G-3, gives an over-all view of the conference to which the Fifth Army officers flew in a Flying Fortress. He says the reaction of the Italians in Tripolitania to British entry has been passive; that German efforts to block the harbor were only partially success­ ful and that 3,000 tons of cargo are being unloaded�� Tripoli daily. General ·r,,it,Ui!if:}\':\;,iU'f'!�1lir' {{, !;, lA.tf: ' •. t.�ill\!<....: l\'.i: t ,'.�> T �Yl . I ( Montgomery impreseed the American officers and Kammerer outlines the British general's theories. (Note how many coincide with those of General Clark). 1-­ There must be a concentration of effort in any operation •••never break units dol'fll to less than a division; 2--In executing offensives always keep the enemy moving •••never let him slow you down between his strong points; 3--Cooperation between ground and air units is vital•••air power tops the list in explaining the 8Uccess of driving Rommel 1,400 miles in 13 weeks; 4--Morale: troops must have confidence in all subordinates and they must know that it is our theory never to extend a force beyond its capabilities; 5--I am against all paper work•••give oral orders only unless a written order ie absolutely necessary; 6--0perate with a firm base, or, in other words, a good reservesince it in­ spires the confidence that is necessary among front line troops; 7--Replace­ ments: don't send them in by driblets••• I never substitute less than an entire brigade •••pull the old ou�fit back and put the replacements in behind the lines; 8-�Every army should be composed of 50 percent infantry troops who 11 lmow how to kill in the moonlight;" 9-Mines are a weapon rather than an obstacle •••we will find the road to Berlin saturated with mines. During the Ti:ipoli conference, which lasted three days, various units showed by map and sandtable what they did in various operations. They showed, to officers from the Fifth Army, NATOUSA, British First Army, AFHQ and sub­ ordinate wiits the lessons they learned in one of the fastest military drives in history. Following Kammerer•s talk, Colonel Beam, F ifth Army's XIIth Air Support Command chief, explains how the Royal Air Force operated in conjunction with the desert drive. Three w�eks prior to October 23, when the offensive started, the air force concentrated on wrecking axis supplies. They bombed ports; they shot up motor convoys and trains. Then, three days prior to the attack, the air force, concentrating its punch, made terrific drives--sometimes with up to 1,000 sorities in a day.,-against Axis airdromes with the result that by October 23 there was little German air opposition. The final day before the attack no Axis planes were allowed to cross into the territory were every­ thing was being assembled for the 9:40 PM zero hour o Planes also kept up night patrols over the enemy areas with the result that the Afrika. Korps got little sleep in the 72 hours prior to the attack. The Eighth Army drive proved that air strength will not replace ground strength but that it extends, widens and adds punch to the offensive effort. Once the drive was underway, ground troops prepared rude airdromes and then engineers came up to improve on them. Montgomer;y followed one air-ground rule. He would not let his troops advance b$yond their air cover. When his air units moved forward, then his ground forces could move a.gait).. Also, he never tried a mission that his air and ground forces couldn't accomplish as a team. With effective air-ground con­ tact, Montgomery made the final decisions on what missions the air would undertake. "There can't be two captains on one team," explains Beam. "Mont­ gomery commanded both air and ground as he had to. Another air-ground theory of the Eighth Arrrry is mass your aviation where it will do the most good. Don't dissipate it in a lot of little missions. The crucial phase of the Eight A-rrrry attack--that of cracking the El Alamein line between the Quattara Depression on the South and the Mediter­ ranean on the Horth--is explained by Lt. Col. Hansborough of the Fifth Army Artillery Section. Artillery had to punch tm hole through the strongly fortified, strongly held line so that infantry and armored units could pour �( ( through to develop the situation and start backing the Axis force up. The Eighth Army had 408 25-pounders and 48 medium guns for the artillery oper­ ations on the Northern Flank where the attack was to be made. At 9:40 PM all the guns opened up with a concentration of fire on spots that had been seledted and ranged through reports from patrols and through use of aerial photographs. After this concentration of fire• a rolling barrage covering 4 1000 yards was started. There was one gun for each 27 yards of front. Be­ cause the terrain was without landmarks, the artillery was also used to guide troops, concentrations of fire being laid down at points where the troops were to start their advance and where they were to send it. Bofor guns, shooting their familiar orange balls, were used as "sidelines" so the troops knew v1here their flanks were. mn the first 24 hours of the attack, from 9:40 PM October 23 to 9:40 �M October 24, the artillffy laid down a total of 3,328 tons of shells. This did not include bombs dropped by planes on special objectives. During the next week during mop-up and consolidation of position, the artillery fire was lighter but during the 24 hours of November 2/3, when the final break through was made, 2,184 tons of shells were fired by the artillery. This operation proved several theories of the Eighth Army. 1--The importance of the centralized control of artillery; in this case, through each Corps Commander; 2--concentration of fire on specific targets by divisions and regiments; 3--that the reports of patrols cannot be depended upon unless they are verified by aerial photography; 4--the advantages of using time fuzes to inflict heavy casualties in enemy trenches. Following the reports by the three officers, General Clark addresses the packed assembly roo11. "Reports of this kind," says the genoral,"wlll help to get us better prepared to take our place at the battlefront when the time comes. This attack by the Eighth Army was timed with the opening of our North African attack on November 8. I remember being at Chequers visiting the Prime Minister with General Eisenhower when Mr. Churchill received word from General Alexander that he could not open the Middle East drive until October 23 /24. The Prime Minister didn't want to wait that long but General Eisenhower and I said we thought that, timing was abou:b right. We felt that the offensive would be rolling about right about the time we came ashore in Africa and tht1t it would influence considerably the feeling of neutral countries. 11 How well I remember the first time I saw General Montgomery. General Eisenhower and I had gone to the United Kingdom on a special tour last June and we went to an army training problem that General Montgomery was conduct­ ing. We were in his headquarters and, when General Eisenhower lighted a cig­ arette, I noted a change in Montgomery's manner. I was told later that that was the first time a junior officer had ever smoked :in Montgomery rs presence. Later I heard this story a.bout Montgomery and smoking. A lieutenant colonel was riding with Montgomery in his car�and pulled out a cigarette. Tapping it on his case, the colonel turned to Montgomery and said: "Do you mind if I smoke, sir. 11 Montgomery looked at him coldly and said; "Certainly not ••• 11 The colonel lighted a match and almost had it to the tip of the cigarette when Montgomery shouted: "BUT NOT IN HERE!!" ( Turning to Mr. !le Cloy who :ts sitting in the front row of the assembly room, General Clark explains that his Fifth Army is six weeks old today, that it is being built up and developed so it can be ready for action on 8l\Y front. Mc Cloy then responds that he is in North Africa 11 to glean information so I can go back and give you further support." �( The seminar lasts almost two hours. General Clark then asks section heads and principal officers to his villa where a reception is held in honor of Mr. Mc Cloy. Afterward Mc Cloy is General Clark!s dinner guest and remains overnight at the general's villa. In the evening they talk over details of the negotiations General Clark conducted with Admiral Dar­ lan and Mc Cloy requests a full report for the War Department records cover­ ing from the time the General first met with Darlan in Algiers until the Admiral's assassination on Christmas Eve, 1942. Mr. Mc Cloy and the general also go over the situation on the Southern Front. We are holding now along the line given yesterday. General Clark receives a personal letter from General Eisenhower today and it sqys, in part: n •••You can't realize how deeply I appreciated the message of the Fifth� (concerning his promotion to full general) and even more how happy I was to receive your pencil written note ••• "There are things I have told you several times verbally and which I now want to put in \Triting in an effort to make sure that you can never let any doubt enter your mind on this particular score. It is that never for one second have you lost an atom of the great confidence I have always placed in you, nor has there ever been any diminution in the deep feeling of freindship I have held for you for so many years. "You will never know how close I came within the past few days when the pressure on me was very, very drastic indeed to call upon you once more to come and help out when I found it impossible to be in three distinct places at ones. Ther� is no one on whom I depend more nor to whom I look with greater confidence to render great services to our cause in this war. "I earnestly hope that you will take this letter literally and without any mental reservations. Nothing would be a greater tragedy to me than to come to bel ieve that the close feeling of partnership with you, that I have so long depended upon, could be weakened'":t'n''any' 1sl:lght� res�ct. As Ever, (signed) � Ike. * * * OUJDA, FEBRUARY 21, 1943--Following a reconnaissance of Fif'th Army head­ quarters with General Clark, Mr. Mc Cloy and his party depart for Oran and an inspedtion of the Mediterranean Base Section, leaving OUjda in mid-morning. l On the Central-Southern front the Axis has tried to push again rut only one slight penetration is made--slightly up the Kasserine pass, just north­ west of Kasserine. The situation is still grave but reinforcements of men and guns are arriving at the front and things don't look too pessimistic. Part of the 168th Regimental Combat beam is isolated just east of Sidi Bou Zid, com­ pletely cut off from the rest of the Allied Forces. This force, led by Colonel Drake, is reportedly running short on water, food and ammunition. It is 35 miles inside the German lineal General Clark spends much time in front of the maps and charts in his room, figuring moves, checking on the supply of troops. He is peripatetic throughout the day, going over to the Chief of Staff's office, checking in at various a-sections. In the afternoon he goes for a long hike with General Blesse, Fifth Army Medical officer. In the evening he dines at his villa with Generals Gruenther, Blesse and Moran. * * �( OUJDA, FEBRUARY 22, 1943--The snarled situation on the Tunisian front, with the Germans having now made a tremendous bulge in the central-south section of the line until it includes Gafsa, Sbeitla, Kasserine and now threatening Tebessa itself, worries General Clark incessantly. I am much disturbed, and have been for some timc, 11 explains the General, 11 about the situation at the front. It is absolutely apparent that there is a horrible mixture of American, British and French units in all three corps of the British Fir�t Army. It now begins to look like a war of detachments. American troops are all mixed in with soldiers of the British and French armies. this is absolutely contrary to our tactical doctrines, to the very foundation on which our army is built. 11 "We teach an� we depend upon divisions as the smallest independent unit of combined arms, the smallest unit capable of fighting an"independent action. All our training has been to fight each division as a team. It has always been stressed that it should not be used raggedly and haphazardly in piecemeal attacks, in piecemeal commitments to action. Dn toe Tunisian front now we have separate regiments in which the American, British and Frrnch are all r.iixed up. By thi� action, I feel that we mo.y have lost all opprotunity for offen­ sive action and it is my incr�asing belief that there will only be one result: there will be one tell of a bloody struggle before we throu the German3 and Itali�1s out of Tunisia. 11 I \ "As this thing develops I �e tha}, Rommel is going to be able to block for some time the ad,mnce of the British Eighth .A.rmy from the south. With all our troops mixed up in the central region, with the lo3ses we have incurred in materiel and men, we will be unable for �ome tiir'e to launch an offensive with the power needed to clear Tunisia o "General Eisenhower is going to have to move more troo::;>s to the front. With the situation as precarious as it is up there, he can't afford to leave troops back here in French Morocco and Western J lgeria. He's got to decide .. whether the Spanish Moroccan situation back here is going to blow up or whether he must move almost all he 1 :s got up to Tunisla. Ike has got to take a chance and he's going to do it. I believe the Jrd Division and other fighting unit3 back here will be moved up. Such a move will make further planning on the SprJ1ish Moroccon situation U3eless. The status of the Fifth Army ae a planning and training unit, and its employment against Spanish Morocco if necessary, won't mean anything. It will be worthless. "Things couldn't be a.n a worse mess than they are nov,. I fe'-'l, and I have always felt, that the co�.mand setup and the haphazard use of troops on the Tunisian front has never been right. I've said so often, preached it so often-­ the American Army represent"'d on the Tunisian front must conte.in only American troops under American command!" { Qt,neral Clark explains that his new Ordnance Officer, Colonel Niblo, who reports in today from the front where he was Ordnance Officer with the II Corpts, ha3 told him that the 168th Regimental Combat T"'run (American) was cut off without ammunition, food or water near Sidi Bou Zid and that he (Niblo) personally heard General Fredendall issue orders for the 168th to �urrender. This combat team, which 3hould be a di�tinct fighting unit, had a lot of hit and miss units attached to it, Niblo reports • • . ,J��!t:\-: eili;.;}"' .. .) ·�t\�\t ; �wgft'i . �L\5 � General Clark i:s staggered °h'J the n 3urrendert1 order. orders to !urrender," declares the Fifth Army Commander. 11 I will never bsue Newspaper clippings that the general has received �how that inaccurate reporting back in the States has, in at lea:st one instance, placed General Ulark 1 s Fifth American Army "within 300 miles of General Montgomery" of the Briti:sh Eighth Army. This disturbs the general greatly since it leads to the impre:ssion that he is directing fighting on the Central Tuni�ian front. "After having asked to command that sector," General Clark says, "I have always felt a little bitter that our Fifth Army front and sphere of action couldn't be a. positige thing; that we couldn't be up front." General Clark b�lieves that one of the reasons for General Eisenhower's letter of two days ago was that the Commander-in-Chief knew how General Clark must feel, being back here organizing anC:arrny--�eeing more and more army unite detached and moved to the front--and not getting any of it into action under his commruid. A new command system has been set up and it gives General Alexander tac­ tical command at the front. The Britisher is directing from a newly organized 18th Army Group headquarters at Constantine. Of the long list of officers in this new command !etup, only three are American: General Eisenhow�r as Com­ mander-in-Chief; General Spaatz, holding a dolVtl-the-list air command, and General Fredendall, comm anding the II Corps. The setup is very predominately British. ( The Axis makes slightly de�per penetr�tions today, taking Kasserine Pass and fanning out into the v..lley. There has been some fighting around Thala. The 9th u. S. Division has set up its command post near Tebessa and it is scheduled to relieve the 1st Division. General Clark has many conferences during the day, most of them concerned with the movement of troops to the front. The number or troops directly under the Fifth Arr.1y is decl'ea�;ing each dq. Genera.l Clark is scheduled to leave early tomorrow on a. three or four dq trip to the West. First he will go to Rabat to confer with General Nogue3 and moet the Sultan of Morocco; then he will go to Casablanca for conference� with Generals Pattonand Wi13on, then he will fly south to Marrakech to look over the site ier· possible use in conducting a Comma.nd Poet Exercise next week. * * * OUJDA-RABAT-CASABL.-iNCA, February 23, 1943--Generc:..l Clark dep...rts from Oujda at 9:00 AM in his Flying Fortress for an inspection and good will tour that has been arranged by his Civil Affairs section and the staff of French General Nogues. On the first leg of the trip he is accompanied by Generals Gru�nther and Beucler, Colonels Saltzman and Herckel, Major Ball and Sergeant Chaney. At 16:45, General Clark is met at Sale airport by a guud of honor con­ sisting of 13 scout cars and motorcycle escorts of the 82nd Reconnaissance Battalion and a band, all from the Second Jrmored Division. Lined up to re­ ceive the General are: Am�rican generals Patton, Keyos, Campbell, KingmQ.!l and Wilbur; French General Nogues; hi! Commandant of Troops, General Lascroux; �E t11 ( ·\:;i:i\>;,l\.r-· �'·l1;1tith· MOST ·· Y6 SECk1- 1 <2 o. Q..Q., thf per,d of his Uilitar:r C· binet, Colonel Iinttej Delqq1.1�; \. -· i:::,t' RPsidence r ey,pr; the Fermrnent Secrqtary of Nnt�onal .J0,fnn2e, Cor"'' ndant r�ora"'llon, Pnd Carta.in Blanckaert, Nogues' aide. After greet1nGS ar'P. exchanged, ru -N'l °' r,nd flourishes are given by tre band, the Jtrr $-rangl0d Brnn8r r 1, ·�rrsei 1 les rlayed, and the gua ·d of honor · nsy ectC>d by Gern')ral Cl."rY accom:ranie.c by Gener" ls } 8tton ard 1\for,ues. 0 1 The entire party then rroceeds to R:--bat anc3 the reridence or the Resident Gener:-1 Nogue.,, o" French �·orocco. As t,} e convoy rc1.sses L10. qua.re, [' guard of rrounted Spahis i_, rjcked ur, le11clinn: r colorful con�r�st to the dr"'' p2·:11t or:> the iu�mored ·cout cars. }',t tc e entr:-mce to the re::i.dence n. ;"orocc�n drurn n 1d bugln corrs grc,ets th8 pc1rty 2 s it J roceods 1JT' the broar• skirs to the me.in er>trance. Tbe "'tc::-ir"' enc'! 'l1�ro�ci1 to tr"' mail1 l.?::.l 'Te lined wit,h nr>tiv;:, troors ;n flo'v­ ing red unifor,,1s, turbans and bri_�},t sashes, all with muskets at rresent arn1s. General Clark is receiver1 by Gener1::.l "tfogues in t.he r1rn,vil1G rooJ"'l of' thP r"'�:aence wl1er8 he anr various remb"'r · o "' the rn.rty confer �nformally. Gener"l Cl"rk is concernerl ith fr quel1t refer")nces T'l"'d� to the .:,eriousne s of the Spanisb situr.tion. 1• 1 0 At 11:00 the rarty le"ve� the ·r>sidence for th-) Sult2n's l-"lace rnd enroutP dr�ves yast arinzing con�rrsts of riodcrn buildinc;s r>nd anciP.nt ru'ri.:;, f'VidencP o" the civi:.i::mVon ex:i st�ng be.,,.e lon - be"'or") the tine 'o" Christ. Out sire trP \'l[' 11 . ·hich surrounds t} e Ju::..tc .n rs } rlace c.nc1 courtyr rr '3 guarc' s o:: native troops wl- ich ljned tre n.rrroacl, to the �·or'ish Gateway. Inside the c.:i 1 j s r large 'lUadr�nsle or r1echouar, an open field a.prroximrtely 1/2 nile squnre, ith the slaves 1 1u'1rters on one side "nd a rrivate riosque r here the 3, .ltrn goes to , rc1y each Friday rn,1 a rrivate school f'or his clii.ldren with the imJ-re"'sive back�md_ of' th 0 ..:;nlt"n's Irlace ..-dominating the scene on the other. ·o ( v(vl , '"Y'-' �-<.r� ,� .... , cP' · � �,<'\50-, A'3 Gener�l Fogw3s and Gener"l Clnr' c rroach the entr"nce to tbe r�,lece, the way is flanked by guar·' of !'1ountt3d SFHS in tl"P.ir colorful red, '-:t8 r-n,· blue ·1,n5.forrns on sr lendid Arr-bj�n l-1orses q;-.rl,u; erl .. ccording tc c "'10� - hroun, "bl c' ;:,nd dayple gray. Ne;:irest to the entrnnce r.re the Sult· n I s l!J 1 �uarr1 "oir L"ncers, 'resenting tr.e rost colorf'ul "'ffEYTf'nce of r>ll with their beeutiful horsw' "nrl lances decorat0d with s·.r,,amers of red, wri+,e rrr' ?1.'een, indicrting thPir or9:Lni­ zation, Th8 :mti�e } nrsonnel o f' t·1� s giwrd are pi ther slrves or decen��n.!lts o" sla.VPS of t1·1e 3ultrn. �a,..}1 hr>s a larc:e silYe,., rini:-· in his r-ii:,-J-,t er r. In front of' thA grt� js -t:-110ing Si t<n ·r1eri, Chof ·P Irotocol, or th0 ,3ult"",rs Secretary- of' '"tri+.e, in ·· :bi+.e robe srnilir>g, f'riP-dly, read7 to receivP the t·-:o G":!ne"'r�ls. Ju:-t in "'ront o "' the Sf-;Cr�tPry tle t.,o 'xP'1PrriJs s-:lut,,, :-,3 thP ;u1t�n 1 s &.m (iuard ;'foir km' ' lrys first tre _kr S:rariile, �c11ner, t:ben tlie T'arsei.llPse �nd f'i-nn.lly tl•e "<'roe can 'i::tional Anther.. 0i I''ar'"eri t• 8'1 ,c:;r·"' ..,ts th G 1e ·r 1� .., nc" their accor1r anyinr; offi.cers an· concluct.� them throu�l' G'l i nt"rior court yrrc' linr>r' ·iith servants of the palacP dressed in their finP.1t rPi:;, l i.a. A lt1.r<Y0 cloor is ente-""=>0, c:.;1r:' +,he 1 "'rty i , condnctec' throu -;h orientr 1 spl(=moor, over beautiful car· ets �nd past vast, P-laborate rj':'ces of �-rniture "nd +'inally 1.1rsteir· to the rrA""Pnce of the Sultan. 1 1 0 1 The trrone room is not large, but ;s r ber-uti+'nl e"XaT"rl� of Eo-roccan 11-rchi­ tecture, with.columns, Poorish t1rche3 enc" c1e1ic"te ''os�ics re,.,..·ndful o.p illustra­ tions f'rorri cl1il 'PC'Oc' boo' s o f' the 11Arcb "'.nn Hights tr . ,..,ri.0 ...,11ltc n, ....,idi r·o'1arv:id Ben r:oulay You3s3f, staDds to rece-i ve l i.s euest"' in -<'ront of the t},�c"'1e. 1:re is ,,_ med­ ium, Jull, tir· .... '-appe�ring nan, h,-1£' s� -·ling, about 35 yorrs olc, 1001 i-.,r,; "or all "'!S des ler lx '!ly i""I m�erl o +' a the •orld like an "':a Jt S 'rl� ' �;�,\:-:(:. r> -'. r.�� l\fi'\::•,,;.',,,,,,._.;c,·.:·.. � ?�:t,:". 01)'.l\ ;:::'.f<'r,./,:,.�,?.,'. 't:';:\�i�,1.:.· . ..,',.;, ":.� � �ttl\\jr,\(f\ fi�ii �-·:\ .. ��,, British MOST - SECRJ;.t �( shave anc' dl'"'SSGd Uf for GenPrrJ. Clark ton:irs Dbov"> ' 1m. r After rll the o"fice"..:: h:vA h8er: r ceiv"d, th,., rrinciy:al of' L'icers are sAatP.d on th'; lnft of th<> Sul -'- , '1 in fa.rt:"' l_;" lt chairs br·llianLly upholstered. Gerer.,l Clark ·,.; fir.3t, 0-,1en Ge-'1nr·rl 'fog'l"'S, Gene:c�: 'xru@nthe ·, GP.:i:1 ral Lc.scroux a11. • n"ine o+,her rar'lrin� office ..... � o" tlwJ C01"1bin°cl s-':,�fPs. ,., e le sor of"icers sta'10 Al.,ind thes• clairs, "nc·n-,. towar-'\s tre :31 lt: n. Ac:::o s +,1,,,, "'0011, fccin"'. tb8 vis-itr,rs, are the me:-,berc o(' th8 0111 um I s cabinet. The 1TiziAcs, likr-> t11P. Counsellor .J, rre on he.nd, oll brre"ooted :is they o..,.,e not rerJ"'1itt0c1 to wear shoe'> �n the 1rr >'t'J.C'8 of His �·� jo,..ty • 1 1 .:· f' , 'Tl • ...,tandJ 1etor0 the ...,'1ltrn, <', cinn' Ge�er�l Cl r'r, r.11c' will act cs -':, e 3ulb.n Is int ,r1 reter. Gene,,,ri.l Cl r,,_.. e r 11s for r:0J onAl Sn.l t.zma.n to intE'rrret for hi!Tl. Si r".-.l11J"1GT'i a, rn,•rs to 1,e a )(>lJ.t 65 year.s olrl' S1 lc'Ve' rourteons ['n(� sriling c.n frleal inte:rpretPr ·i� th Colonol Saltzmr 11 an ahle r,ounte.....1 art. Gen"rr.l Clar1<- ('"qresses ri3 n.prrecict·on "or tlie srlendfrl r ce:;ti nn, Por tl-e honors ::(vnn him anrl. f'or +he "rinrcny r0ce::-,tirn t.@ Am"'�·can troops h:>ve rAce{yed in i·orocco. He r�ys ra.rticulrr t"'ibutP to t e Fae !2 (1 Oujo� \'l!'O re sr�rs he Vf'l11es as a cood "'riPnd. Fe 1 ores f'or � furtherance of th0 frieJ:1d� y relc1.tinns1 ip h.,,t, '"' ,n 1'8 Jnlkn, smiling fa:intly, a :riervous • ..ritch to the :'iftr Army a 1d the J'v1oroccens. his shoulde•·s anc heo.d "11 ·ilP tal'\rinG, tre, tirs of hiS f'-insers ('i!' st toget dr then v,it}, l 1mrl::, clasred encl ·n c. rlr.:c.sn.11.t r.iood, cont:r:osted to his Psual rc>.tl-or su::..len attitude, r•rlies, ffmh� m0rico.ns lave f0llOY1e· thn, r"tl to the r·oroccans ec"rts, a·-id .:,incl" ·1/ t ra tr he :c 00n .r>ollov1ed, there c� n h-, no d ifficulties. 11 Ge;1eral .,.,ece�VE'<1 Clar1r pDys tr"h,te to G-<::nAral -roeuP.'1 811r' t("'\ t,hp h.; £:; coorr:r t·on h..,,' <"rom hiT11 nr1 L..:.,) stcf+>. Tre S lltan sper-1rs, rnd suave clc 3i. Ma"lmeri intn"rrets, thrt thn Sultr·1 is aw"re o+> the firT'l bonrl'"' o" "riend11si1 '.ih�c} hav� lonr cvided ., ')et\,e(m th8 Fr•mc'. arid the Am"?rica:'1.3 and feels that soon, with t e ro,. occa11.,, they will form an unbreakable trirr.Yirate. It c.1evelor s later that the Sultan h:;.,d r ctually inferred that 1 e he:d tl.P- ArrtPr · c8.n:::: in higher estee)Tj than t'1P :'rc11cl:, but his Jec­ retary was too diplomatic to convey hL, exact nor.ds to the GcnPral in th'3 presence o: 'reneral '�agues c: nrl his ,taff. (' 111 1 1 ( 1 As tho audience ends, the Jultr n motions for the ·r..hrp:.'l, t�r to b"·r.13 l' i'l1 thP- deeor..,tion :l1ic'1 l e ·s to conf0r 1'r on "enr--ro 1 Clc1rk. 'T'l1e '":.ultnri steps dmm from h ·.., ckis rnd th0 G1=>ni:>rrl steps be�ore Mm. re ::!..A�n::; fE"r ov8r as th11 little ::ultan ::;1 �: I s the sash over 1 is shou::!..der and to rin on tl e medal 1 · on o<' tl e Grrnd Croix Louis sari .P.laoui te whicl is the r · s;hest orrler r 11c� before \JhosP, rembr>rs lions quake r-nd foxes cra::11 i•1 the:.r rolAs. Tre visitors !:,len f"'SS by tre S1 1ltan, sha.lr"ng his ha:>1d. 'acr back.; "ro tre roo , ;:,tarring, strnding at rtteri·\ion �i,n hawing stiffly three tiT1.es, rfll P V·' zi.ers .,.,c 1 av,, 1'P-f l· ce tl ei.r shoes ['t ti n top o<' t},e stcirs, :mcl accomrc:.n;r tl-P. visitors to the grr1unr1 s of the p-1lacP.. As t'- ,E"�tJ urt ·r· rL , le� ½" lerves th=i · iloorvmy to the palace c.'1d s+,nrt::i across the inr �... 1..1es i � 1 ...,· • rr11 �ri, ·+ . .., 0r, t d by the thriJ.l ing strains Gen°r-1l CL r\, G.,,, .1.t:l 11ro Q of the Sul tan Is ovm Black Guard Lancers Band playing "The Yanks Are Coming. 11 The party then proceeds back through the streets of Rabat to the Residence of the Resident General. It is preceded and followed by a mounted Spahi guard riding stiffly at attention. 1 Once again at the pa.lace of the Resident General, the party proceeds past the welcoming band through the ranks of the native guards and into the foyer, where they are received by the General and Madame Nogues. After the informal reception, the guests gather in the beautiful patio which opens out onto a balcony overlooking the f0rmal garden. U. S. Counsellor-General Do��\�l,-�/};{ti�bat joins the group here. t-.� E,GR!J:}: · · .,-.,·..- ·"6"'\li • . i,,,:i��fiii;.\�'.'." �Y3 E ( After cocktails, the guests are conducted to the banquet hall. Each of the forty guests is seated at his place in accordance to rank, with General Clark on the right of Madame Nogues and in the center of the table facing the salon. A delicious luncheon is served by native servants in the standard time of forty­ five minutes, which is always the procedure at the palace. Afterwards, coffee and liquers are served upstairs and in Madame Nogues 1 living room which, from the balcony, overlooks the beautiful white city of Rabat with its minarets and mosques standing out in bold relief with the background of the blue Atlantic. It is related that the residence was built by Marshal Lyautey in 1924 and remains practically the same as it was during his regime. General Clark has numerous short conferences with various French officials, many of whom refer again to the seriousness of the Spanish situation. Apparently they are much more concerned about this than about the progress of the battle in Tunisia. After the party leaves the residence at 2:00 P.M., an extensive tour is made of the modern city of Rabat. The tour ends in the ol<l city, the Casbah des Oudaias, which dates from the early part of the 11th century. The party is met at the gate to the Casbah by the Pasha of Rabat Si Abderrhama.n Mohamed Bargache and various Arabian notables. Another colorful Spahi guard flanks the entrance to a building set in the corner of the wall. Servants stand at the entrance with trays of dates and small bowls of sour milk in which fingers are dipped before taking the fruit. t, After shaking hanos with the assembly of Arabian notables, General Clark is oon­ oucted over heavy oriental rugs, which are laid especially for the occasion, and up into a tower which overlooks the historic river, Boure Greg, which separates the military city of Rabat and the seafaring town of Sale. On the right is the ancient Islamic College, which was the old Naval Academy of the Barbar � pirates. After enjoying the view, the party goes through an ancient garden into the Cafe des Oucaias and out into a patio overlooking the river. Here was a small modernized Berber orchestra to greet the guests and play until it is time to leave. The various guests sit around the little courtyard relaxed in the warm sun and drink the ever-present Arabian mint tea, which is served on all occasions. After a few minutes, General Clark takes leave of General Nogues and, accompanied by General Lascroux and a few other staff officers, proceeds to the airport at Sale. Once again, in the B-17 General Clark with Colonel S:i.ltzman, Major Ball and Sergeant Chaney proceeds to Casablanca. General Gruenther returns to Oujda. At Casablanca the party is met by cars and taken to the villa shared by General Patton, General Keyes and other st&ff off.Leers. )inner is served informally and, after a short conference between General Clark and General Patton, the various members of the party proceed to bed. * * ( * Casablanca-Marrakech, February 24, 194;3 - After breakfast General Clark, Colonel Saltzman and Major Ball drive to visit the headquarters of the Atlantic Base Section. General �ilson is away, but General Clark talks with Colonel Tate and Colonel Barth concerning conditions in the Casablanca area and the progress of supplies and facilities for handling them. The General then returns by car to General Patton's villa, passing on the way the Anfa Hotel and the various villas which recently became historic by the meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill in Casa­ blanca. General Clark proceeds to the 199th TD Battalion bivouac area. Lt. Col. Maxwell A. Tincher, commanding, is interviewed concerning his motor carriage 3" gun M-10 equipment which has just arrived and · oon be seeing action on the :\��rlt�·:·.�\.:;{{,w.·"-rt.,... ,�t-.:e. >.:·. ¥ 1:: �� : �\!�]it:·,:t�;ftf:·� MOST SECfr-T 1 ·:��.t�... 1 �Y9 ( Tunisian front. A demonstration is made of its maneuverability, and the General thoroughly inspects the vehicle, its armament and gets first hand information concerning its operation. General Cl�rk then returns to the villa where he picks up Colonel Barth who will accompany him on an inspection of the docks and of the French battleship, Jean Bart. At the ship, the General is met by Admiral Barthes who accompanies him aboard where Admiral Ronarch receives him. The customary pipes are blown and ruffl�s and flour­ ishes sounded. A complete tour of the ship is made. It is learned that the ship was struck by six shells and three or four bombs in the engagement which took place on the first day of our North African Operation. The General asks Admiral Ronarch if he fired back during the battle, and the Admiral replied, "Yes, with everything I had.n The General inquires whether he was successful in hitting anything. The Admiral says he was not. General Clark replies: "'That is too bad! You have my sympathy.� The Admiral smiles wistfully and volubly expresses his thanks. After the inspection, the General returns to the villa where he meets N:r. Culber� and Colonel Saltzman and confers with them concerning civil and political affairs in North Africa. The General is emphatic that he does not want any situations to de­ velop without his knowledge. He wants each problem listed, studied and analyzed --the problem of prisoners in the banns of the French, free masonry, the Jewish question, and all matters of that kin� which are possible sources of trouble. He talks of the �panish situation and relates his surprise that most of the concern of the French officers concerns possible trouble from there. He emphasizes again and again that he wants to be completely informed about all of these various situations so there won't be any danger of their blowing up unexpectedly. After lunch the General and his party leave for the airport. Taking off at 2:20 again in the B-17, the party arrives at Marrakech airport at 3:00. As the plane circles the field, it is apparent that a large guard of honor is awaiting the general's arrival. Damaged hangar roofs and huge scrap piles filled with wreckage of French airplanes is evidence of the effectiveness of the six Navy dive bombers in action on November 8 and 9. The plane lands, and, after taxiing a few minutes, s tops at what the pilot presumes is the proper place. The General and his party get out of the plane and find, to their amazement, that the pilot has been led up to an inconspicuous spot behind the hangar and far away from the reception party. The officers scramble back aboard the ship, the engines are started and the plane taxis over and down a lane made by French airplanes and to the proper place in front of the officers assembled to receive the General. The imposing array of welcoming officers is headed by General Martin, Chef de la Region of Marrakech, his Adjutant, General le Diberder; the commandant of the field and various other staff officers. The guard of honor consists of a battalion of regular French troops, a company of Spahi guards and the regular guards of the air­ field. After reviewing the guard, General Clark and General Miirtin proceed to a reviewing simd. The entire guard of honor marches by, led by the Spahi Band dressed in their traditional costumes of red, blue and white. After the review, the party drives into Marrakech. ( The streets are lined with literally thousands of Arabs from the city and country who have come to pay honor to the American general and General Nogues who has rejoined the party. The main street is flanked by Spahis, Senegalese, Chasseurs, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts and school children, all of whom have turned out for the great occasion. In the most advantageous places, and in great numbers along both sides of the street, are "dolls" which consist of the finest dresses and clothing, �. oles in the rough semblance of a brilliant shawls and capes draped �( human figure. Some actually have faces painted on clothes which protrude above the shoulders of the garments. These �dolls" are held high in the air by the slaves of the wealthy Arabs who in this way have their wives, who are never per­ mitted to �ppear in public, represented. The richer the clothing, the more powerful and influent,i..al is the ;irab whose wives are so represented. At the gate of the ancient c�sbah, the party dismounts and walks down through the Souks, or shopping area, which is a mass of small streets, narrow passages, lined on each side with little shops from which smiling Arabs display their wares. Everything·imaginable is on display spices, herbs, meats in various forms of Preshness and decay, jewels, silverware, tapestries, leather goods, rugs, pottery and everything for which Moroccan shops are famous. In the center of the Casbah, the General and his party are greeted by the He&d of the famous University of Marrakech, and the party is conducted into its interior. There is a large court­ yard with an intricately carved square frieze which runs around the upper portion of the wall, which is said to be over 400 years old. From this university, which is called Medersa Ben Youssef, come the lawyers, notaries, clerks, teachers whose entire learning is based on the Koran. The party then retraces its steps through the S ouk el Khemis and into the native square which is packed solid with trabs assembled for the occasion. Native bands are playing weird music on instruments resembling small kettles, tom toms and long brass trumpets. General Clark, General Martin, the Mayor of the City and other officials go into a hotel and up through some winding stairs to the roof of the building, where they can look down on the seething mass of humanity below. The native orchestras continue their weird noises with renewed vigor. A snake charmer comes forward. A juggler starts his performance, and a little farther down the cleared space a magician produces and causes to disappear an amazing quantity of eggs. Dancers start a wild barbaric ste�; to the cadence of the strange music. As the orchestras grow louder ann the crowds show interest, the snake charmer be­ comes almost frantic in his endeavors to attract attention, opening the mouth of the large snake he rakes the fangs across his forehead, causing blood to stream down over his eyes. He crams his mouth with grass and pours forth a dense smoke, kisses his pets and places their heads in his mouth. It is explained that by long association with these snakes and frequent bites from them, he has beoome immunized against their venom. After watching this incredible scene for some time, the party drives away from the square of Dejemaa el Fnah, which attracts visitors in normal times from all over the world, and goes to the r.asino - a large building almost finished before the war began but that has not been completed. General Clark in­ spects it thoroughly, as a possible rest and recreation buildine for American soldiers. The group then return through the Mellah, or Jewish city, where there are many smiling faces and 11 V for Victory" siens displayed to the Americans. In a few moments the cars arrive at the Bahia, the Resident General's palace while he is in Marra.leech. ,It is one of his five in Morocco. The party is conducted through courtyards and passages of this residence. It is noted that the outer courtyard is always common and unimpressive because the Koran teaches that wealth and luxury must be concealed. The General and Mrs. Nogues receive General Clark in the foyer and lead the way to the roof, on which tea is 5erved in the brilliant African sun. Overlooking the entire city, a scene unfolds which could never be forgotten. The white buildings, graceful minarets, the dominating Mosque of Koutoubia which has two sisters, one in R�bat and the other in Seville, Spain, with the high snowcovered mountains of the greater Atlas range in the background. After a few �5( ( pleasant moments visiting Tlith the Nogues, the Gen · and his accompany officers, tog�ther with those of General Nogues 1 staff, leave. General Ckrk, Colonel SB.ltzman, Major Knight and Major Ball go by car to the Villa Saadia, also known as Taylor ViJ.la, \Vhere Kenneth '='enctar, U.S. vice-consul resides when in Marrakech. Here they meet Minister Murphy, per­ sonal representative of President Roosevelt, and John 0 1 Boyle, lend-lease re­ presentative, who is leaving for V"ashington tomorrow. After resting, the General and his party and Mr. Pendar, drive to the palace of the Pasha of Marra­ kech, the fabulous Si el Hadj Tbs.mi Glaoui. At the Pas.ha I s they are joined by General Nogues, Madame Nogues and various French officers. The �ash is waiting to receive his guests in the inner courtyard. After greeting each in turn, he directs them to a small room where coctails are served from an American bar. He then leads them to the room in which the diffa will be served. The guests are seated'on couches on the floor in circles around low tables made of beautifully carved wood. The Pasha, General Clark, General and Madame Nogues are seated at the right of the room, with the rest in small groups exteming over to the left wall. As soon as the guests are seated, black slaves in beautifully em­ broidered wl:.ite costumes bring in the food. First is a bowl of soup which is eaten with carved wooden spoons. The rest of the courses, except one, must be eaten with three fingers of the right hand alone. Mutton, vegetables,pastries, fowl, fish, curried sweets and fruits are served in an amazing and overwhelming series. As soon as the lengthy meal is completed, the Pasha rises and conducts his guests to another room. ."s coffee and liq-eurs are served, a strange noise begins outside in the patio which, we are told, means the Pasha's nancing girls are approaching. I\ The dancing girls appear clothed in heavy robes, highly decorated and em­ broidered.· They are also bedecke0 with bracelets, rings and other ornaments. \ A man saws away on the stringed instrument, while one girl seated on the floor beats a strange rhythm on an iron plate which gives a metallic clanging sound, The rest of the girls sing while one, the prima donna, does her <lance. The singj�g and music soun<l like a combination of female tobacco auctioneers with a background of a fire engine on the way to a three-alarm fire. The dancing seems to be a combination of palsy, St. Vitus dance and a mild form of the latest jitterbugging. Two groups of girls danced and sang - one being the Berbers or f-heriats from the hills around Marrakech, and the other, Arabians from the plains. Th� songs and dances are supposed to be allegorical to tradi­ tions of the tribes of these people,,but they were so old no one knows their true meaning. After the dances are completed the guests thank the Pasha. General Clark and his party return to Pendar 1 s villa. * * * �MARRAKECH-TIZNET-AGADIR•MARRAKF.CH, FFBRUARY 25, 1943--Ceneral Clark, accompanied by his ovm officers ancl General Nogues, takes off at 9 :30 AM in a C-47 for a flight southward. After a beautiful flight that includes vistas of sea and mountains, the C-47, slightly more than an hour out of Marrakech, lands at Tizmet •. General Clark gets out of the plane, which has taxiea up in front· of the guard of honor, and with General Nogues, is greeted by General Chatras, Commandant of the Sub-Division of Agadir, which includes Tiznet. Much to his surprise, he is met by an old friend Colonel John Thomas Taylor, for­ mer Secretary of the American Legion. Hearing that the General was on his way to T iznet, Colonel Taylor has delayed his departure so that he can be present on his arrival and has distributed small paper American flags which school children along the streets are waving. Both infantry and mounten roops form the honor guard. After honors have been played and an inspection is ma.de by the two Generals, they review troops. First come the Ifrand dressed in black uniforms, then the Goulimiens dressed in white followed. by Tiznet troops in black and white striped robes, and finally the Gouins dressed in khaki, from the mountains. With the infantry reviewed, the cavalry, lined up at the £ar end of the airport, charges at a gallop across the field in front of the reviewing officers. First came the Spahis riding at full gallop with sabres drawn, then mounted Senegalese troops, the horse Gouins and last of all the Partisans who are not regular soldiers but simply join up for a special occasion and a few days' pay. The party then proceeds towards the walls of the town. Tiznet is the only city in North hfrica which is entirely contained within its walls. It is typically Arabian, and the entire European population con­ sists of a bare 400 people. The General is taken on an inr,pection trip of the water supply, a quick tour of the city and a walk through the Souk. In a small shop he admires a native ornament, and on a signal from General Nogues, his aide purchases it • . The General then is driven to the residence of Colonel Chevroton for luncheon. After coffee and liqueurs have been served, the dancing girls enter the room accompanied by their strange music which never ceases or varies its queer cadence. One of the girls teps forward and in a sing-song voice recites what is supposed to be a fable. Various native tunes are then played and finally comes very dis­ tinctly the chorus of 11\"'e are the Guys from the Navy" mixed in with the same old rhythm and background of the Arabian music. Each dancer is then introduced to the assembled guests, and after shaking hands with each, kisses her own hand as evidence of the honor done her. The dance then resumes with two e�perts giving special attention tc the two ranking generals. rhe dance consists mainly of a series of amazing belly bumps which it is hart to believe can be so effectively done without ropes and pulleys. At the end of the entertainment, the guests are driven to the airport. After a 30 minute flight, the C-47 lands at Agadir. The ship taxiis up before the inevitable guard of honor, and General Clark and General Nogues are met by the local commander, General Chatras, his staff and the staff of the French Aviation School operating il>n the field; also, a feVI American officers who are here at the rest center and a few RAF pilots from the anti-submarine pH.trol squadron which is operating from this field. After the customary honors, the party is �53 driven into town. and on the way passes literally acres of donkeys and scrubby little mountain horses which have been left here by their masters who are in town to see and render homage to the great American and French Generals who are visiting. tt the edge of town the local Pasha, Si Lassen Tamri, with his advisers, greets the General. It is an impressive sieht, with the great hill in the back­ ground on which reposes the walled Casbah, the fortification built in the 17th century by the Portugese and in the foreground the wide boulevard of the town, lined with the colorful native crowds. After greetings have been exchanged, the entire party proceeds to the re­ viewing stands wl.ich consists of chairs placed on brillianty colored oriental carpets. General Clark, General Nogues, General Chatras and the Pasha stand facing the brilliant blue sea, while the troops pass by in review. As the General takes his position, there are many cries from the crowd of 11 Vive L 1 Americain", and 11 V for Victory" signs waved by enthusiastic onlookers. First in the review comes a band accompanied by Senegalese Bugle and Drum Corps. Then come the staff of­ ficers of the post, Spahis, Senegalese, Legionnaires and native troops in a dazzling procession of cclor. < After the review, the party is driven up a winding road to the fortified Casbah. General Cl::,rk examines an old gun, relic of the days of the Barbary pirates, wr.ich is in sharp contrast to the modern anti-tank guns he has inspected earlier on the trip. Plans are shovm him of the harbor and a brief description is given him of the developments they hope to make in the future. Jt the present time it is only large enough to accommodate a destroyer and a few small fishing era.ft. An air corps major explains his mission in Agadir, wLich is to establish a rest camp for the air corps. The party then nescends to the residence of General and Madame Ch�tras, for tea. The General and his party return to the airport and take off in the G-53 for Marrakech. F.nroute, the plane passes over the high Atlas mountains, some of the peaks towering up into the clouds 9,000 to 10',000 feet and high above the. flight of the plane which is following a pass between two ranges. At altitudes as high as 7,000 and 8,000 feet up in the mountains, cliff dwelling tribeo of Berbers are seen, from whence come the rugs and silverware which are seen on dis­ play in the shops of the Souks. In 45 minutes the plane lands again at Marrakech. The entire party, including General Nogues and his interpreter is driven to Pendar 1 s villa where cocktails are served. At 8:30, General Clark, Colonel Saltzman, Mr. Murphy, Mr. nendar, Major Knight and Major �all an<l Captain Noble arrive at the Hotel de la· Mamounia for the dinner which is given for General Clark by General and Madame Nogues. During and after the dinner, the General has an opportunity to get further information concerning various situations in this territory. His office�s con­ fer with various French officials present, and one subject discussee is the establishment of French-American Clubs, operated by French civilians, for the entertainment of American troops. Shortly after the dinner, the General and his party return to Pendar's villa. ( * * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 6 - February 25, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 6 to February 25, 1943. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/825 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949