2 10 48 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/7bbbad21e50065db73b66207446e22e4.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=RIfOMrPNh3IR-S3uRrMDuz-4iwJ3HBLbsNh98m6MedOr%7ENaeJspDYjcNJALCMqskQjkXz2d9utSe1wAWcMiJLv8wduiqEtQnH60MAaeLdaJWF9-TVIgNdVzU2oadWXU2ceM7bm2UOvjhq8KAvmEpXCkFO0bX3QJbdteVPv%7EZXV6hJLGEBhgq0igtF9kakZhhJLcAyUBE69IfdrpzGZprmse-dDMmT%7E1%7ELsAp6TiphFjFqMATk82TKCnRrQgZMt3j5uqhKdxUzupdfdzkmfP5JAT0Xv3tP-nXiuO9Q0xpoNfPwnALO9dRo0l0aR2MMQmGCBFbITydNKQMGV0YQLY7Bg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 49f0509be2cef072d7c60b021fb5b385 PDF Text Text ( Y£ARRAKECH, FEBRUARY 26, 1943 -- General Clark visits the fouk, or native quarter, of Marrakech today. He is accompanied by the son of Cherif Mohamed belkhayat, who will act as guide an<l whose shop is to be visited. The General's car twists and turns its way down the nar:row streets of the Casbah, moving slowly through crowds of Arabs, donkies and camels. At the entrance to the Cherif's house, the party is met by women sleves who conduct them to the rooms in which are displayed the various goods the Cherif has to sell. After long haggling, a few purchases are ma.de, and the inevitable Moorish mint tea is served by the Cherif while he displays his pet objects of art and his tt-easures, including an estimated 500·,·000 francs worth of ambergris. Returning to Mr. Pendar 1 s villa, lunch is served. Topics revolve around political situations and possible civil, as well as military, situations which may <�evelop in the future. After lunch, the entire party goes to the grounds ( ( �55 I:::� ( of the Glaoui for a game of golf on his 18 hole course, strange contrast in this amazing mixture of medieval feudalism and 20th century comforts and pleasures. On the last hole the players are joined by the Pasha himself, dressed modern golf knickers and stylish European sport clothes - a decided contrast to his .rabian robes in which he was last seen. At dinner at Pendar's villa that evening is assembled a varied array of dis­ tinguished people - a variety which it would be difficult to equal any other place in the world. General Clark; Colonel Saltzman; Robert Murphy; Ted Culbert; the Mirquis and Marquise de Cha.ponay, the latter a princess of the House of Orleans: Si Mohamed Menhbi, the son of a former Glaoui, and Moulay Larbi, a relation by marriage, black and fat, both anti-French and pro-American; the colored singer ann entertainer, Josephine :&.ker; and Si Mehdie Glaoui, capable sone of the old Pasha. After a pleasant evening, during which the Arabians take advantage of the oppor­ tunity to express their dissatisfactions for the French and profess their ·rriendship for the Americans, and Josephine !¾Lker sings bits of songs which she made famous on the Paris stage, the guests depart and those staying at the villa turn in for the night. ( MAR..ll.AKECH-OUJDA, FEBRUARY 27, 1943--Ceneral Clark confers with General Wilson, commanding the Atlantic Base Sect.ion, this morning concerning ABS matters, politi­ cal events as they do and could affect the Fifth Army, problems of billeting and other matters. Wilson has flown dovm fvom Casablanca. When this conference is closing, a French group, headed by Generals Nogues and Martin, arrives to take General Clark on an inspection of the civil hospital in .Marrakech which may be used to care for American troops. General Clark wants to appraise a nd inspect its facilities. After driving to the hospital, the inspection party is met by M. Ghapuis, Director, and memb�rs of his staff. Tbe hospital is a large, white, modern build­ ing placc'<i in a beautiful setting. It is an airy, well-lain-out building, with 140-bed capacity. It seems to be ad�quately equipped but will reed additions to its present equipment if it is to be used. as an American military hospital. M. Chapuis states that he pequires 40 beds and the necessary equipment to go with them in order to :function ad�quately. The General promises he will see that they are supplied. As soon as the inspection is completed, General Clark and his accompany­ ing officers re-enter their cars and drive to the.residence of the Caid el Ayadi, Chef de �a Tribu des Rehamna. The Ca.id meets his callers at the entrance to his palace and conducts them to a small reception room off of the tyJ)ically Morrish courtyard where he serves them the regulation Moorish drink of mint tea with small cakes and sweets of almond paste. After a pleasant visit, �uring which time the General speaks of the friendly relations which exist between the Americans and Moroccans, the party returns to Mr. �endar 1 s villa. At 12:15, the General and his party again leave for Dar Moulay, residence of General lll.artin, Chef de la Region de Marrakech, where a luncheon is to be served in his honor. Shortly after the meal is completed, the general and his party leave for the airport. ( As the strains of the French and American National Anthems die away, Clark and Nogues shake hands and the party which now consists of General Clark, Colonel Saltzman, Major Knight, Major Ball, Mr. Murphy and Sgt. Chaney boards the B-17 for their :ireturn to Oujda. A course is flown which skirts the edge of the Middle �5G ( Atlas Mountain Range. As the plane passes over Guercif, evidence is seen of modern American encampments, the headquarters of the 30th Infantry. At 4:30 the plane lands at Oujda where the General's cars are waiting. Mr. Murphy is taken on to Algiers in the General's B-25, and the rest of the party return to the headquarters of the Fifth Army. * ( ( * * �( OUJDA, FEBRUARY 28, 1943--The situation at the front has i.llproved since General Clark's depar;t,ure fro• Fifth Anq Headquarters. The Geraans have been driven back through Kasserine Pass with heavy aen and 11a.teriel losses. Follow­ illg up this drive, our tr•ops retake Kasserine, Sbeitla, the illportant Thelpte air field, then Feria.J:18.. The Axis forces are heading back for Faid pass fro• whence they started the attack. IA the •orthern sector, the Axis has atteapted a drive but it has been replused lTJ the British troops holding that area. The Geraans and !tali.alls aade some slight adTances but these have been nullified by the ti.Ile General Clark returns to his headquarters from his long i�spection trip that accomplished, basically, two things: it cave the general a chance to put his filllger on the pulse of both FreRch and Arabian sentiaent, both in regard to the war and toward each other, and he Atld aa opportUJrlty to look over soae of the far-flung regions of the area tor which his Firth Aray is responsible. Geaeral Clark spends aost of the day going through the stacks of paper that have accUllulated during his absence. Conferences with General Gruenther are frequent. With the aonth ending and still no sign of a move that would necessitate putting operation Backbone into effect, revised plans must be whipped into shape since, effective tomorrow, the Northern Task Force, which has been ready to go froa England should the Spanish Morocco situation deaand it, will be released for use elsewhere. During the aftel"llOon, General Clark receives u urgent telephone call froa Geaeral Eisenhower and tlte aead of the Fifth Aray is to fly to Algiers tomorrow for conferences. * * * OUJDA-ALGIIll.S-OU.JDA:, MARCH 1, 1943--Accoapanied by General Moran, Colonels Bet111 and Wood and Captain Houston, General Clark takes off for Algiers at 8:48 this aorning in his B-17. Tae flight over is um.eventful and as soon as the Fly­ ing Fortress lands at Maison Blanche, General Clark is whisked into Algiers aad goes into conference i:ulediately with General Eisenhower. The talk lasts throughout aost of the da7 with Ge•eral Eisellhower explailrll:ag the situatio• at the front a•d the •ew co1Ul8.D.d setup in detail. Main reason for General Clark's Tisit to Allied Force Headquarters is to discuss the future of the Fifth Anq-. Fer the time bei-c--watil the next big operation--the Fifth Aray will be, basically, a traWiag ar,q, preparuc, through aaphibious, paratreop, llb.e lay-ing aad deaolition and other type schoels, for a future operation. General Clark will alse be charged with conducting replaceaent traini� centers through which troops will be fed to the TunisiaJa front. Geaeral Clark aust set up new schools througho�t the district. Ill addition to this training work, which aeans the Fifth Aray probably will spearhead the next big ailitary operation, General Clark is still charged with being prepared for any aoves that •ight be necessit­ ated by a change in the Spanish situation and with responsibility for security within the nst area or which the Fitth Aray has charge. {. B,y the tiae Ge•eral Clark departs for Maison Blanche to board his Flying Fertress tor the retuni trip to Oujda, future pla•s--at least for the aext few aonths--lls.ve bee• outlilted fer the Firth Aray. In all probability, General Clark �( will reJaaiJl at Oujda uatil well into the hot weathor. Tae f'light back is aade a excellent tae, the General's plane landing at Oujda two hours and ten •inutes after leaving Maison Blanche. The general, arriving at the airport at 5:50 PM, c•es straight to his villa. He obviously is pleased that his assigDllent has bee• clarified, that he now lcnows more definitely just what the iaaediate i'uDure of the Fifth Ars:y is to be. The 36tla Division is coaing over from the United States to •ove into the Fifth Aray area, talce specialized training and be ready for use if Backbone er any other urge•t operation is necessary. * * OUJDA, MARCH 2, 1943--In ioag conferences with various General Clark outlines in detail today future plans for his Chief •f Staff, General Gruenther, and his G•J section, the iag the groundwork fer establishlleat of the Tarious schools gas training, airborne and air-ground support training. * meabers of his staf'f, Fifth Ar,q. With the genoral begins lay• fer aountain warfare, The ieneral 1 s e».tire day is s nt in cearing these plans. He alse pores over illcoaing papers. The situation at the front is better than it has been fer two weeks. The only Axis actiTity is in the northern secst�r but an attempted drive around Medjez El Bab is beate• back. On the south, the British Eighth Aray is ••• pushing ever closer to the Gabes corridor and is on the fringe of the Mareth liu. pe Regarding the future of the Fifth Ara.y, General Clark has this to say: "We are c1'larged with training troops for uother operation in which we will not be inwlTed as a lleadquarters, in which I will not have co1111and or be personally involvea. I a11 charged with training ground and air units which, at a later tiae, will be set aside as a Task Force alongside a suilar British Task Force. Both will be under British Coamand. This plan is predicated on our expected victory in Twli.sia. Realizbg that the •ore we aove to the east, the aore juicily does a aoveaeat into Spa.in dangle before the eyes of the Germans, A•erican troops taat have been fighting in Tunisia--about four divisioas--will be aoved back to this area while the British coaaanded operation, in which troops trained by us will take part, is in progress." * * * OUJDA, MARCH 3, 1943--In addition to working further oa plans for the wrious Fifth Anay training schools, General Clark buttons up today plans for the Aray 1 s first CollJlalld Post Exercise, one that will involve movement of the advance echelon by air. Main purpose of the CPX will be to test the echelon's •obility and its ability to lead speedily aboard transport planes not only section equipaent and personnel but also transportation. Eight eps will be taken by air to the CP which will be at Marrakech, abost 500 •ilea fro• Fifth Aray Headquarters at Oujda. The CPX will start froa here on Saturday •orning. pe The G-3 aection is working up a preble• that involves 8Jl eneay landing on the shores of Ifni, just seuth of French Moreece. The general is intensely in• terested in the proble• or leadi11g the transport planes and the first "dry runs" are gone through today. Th.e 11 eps" just barely squeeze through the wide doors of the C•47s. pe �( In the eyen.ing·, Ge•er�l Clark aad seTeral of his Staff Officers are the gueste of French General Beucler at a dinner-dance at the French Officers Mess in Oujda. The general sits in the seat of honor and the •ain courses are brought to hi.a for inspection before they are served. General Clark leaves the dance at ll PM since lle 11\lSt arise early toaorrew te drive south of Berguent where he is to hunt cazelle with a few of his officers and some French officials. * * * OUJDA-BERGUENT-OUJDA., MARCH '4, 1943--At 7:30 AM, General Clark, accompanied by General Blesse, Colonel Barker, Lieutenant Colonel Pickering, Majors Ball and Mial leave for Berguent by autoaobile. Three " pe eps" have proceeded them and at Berguent they transfer to the quarter-tons after picking up the civil controller •f the Berguent district, M. Che•eau. The ent�urage goes far out into the desert country, about 50 Jdloaeters fro• Berguent, and the jeeps start cruising to find the gazelles. Luck is poor s• fiJl8.l.ly two quarter-tons, including the general's, stop and the lunches are bawled out. No sooner is eating underway than the third jeep races up and Major Mial reports that a large herd of gazelle has been found. The hunters race away and soon they are bounding ever the rocky and so•etimes dirt hUJ1ped desert after the.darting gazelle. Firing with carbines and shotguns, dust flyi.ni and jeeps twisting after the bebbing anj•als, the party brings down 15 aa1•als. Later, General Clark also shoots amt outard, a ducklike bird with a huge windspread. The general gets it as it is running to �e orr. Fellewing the successful. llunt, the gaae is loaded in the jeeps and the general's party drives back to Berguent, transfer to sedans and return to Oujda. It is late waen t•ey arrive and the general goes straight to his villa to dress fer a dinner given in ais honor by Colonel and Mae Herckel. Herckel is General Beucler's Ckief of Staff. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 5, 194.3-General Clark has a long and stern talk today witlt Colonel Guillauae, General Nogues• advisor on political affairs in French Mor­ occo. General Clark is increasingly worried about Nogues and think:s he aight :have to "let hi.a go." During his conf'erence, he inthates strongly to Guillauae that ae is far fro• pleased with Nogues• actions. ( As soon as Guillaua• is in his office, General Clark tells bi.a that General Giraud issued orders en January 30 releasing all Allied prisoners in Frenca North Africa. However, continues General Clark, Nogues did not publish the order until 111arch 3. "I want you to impress on General Nogues,11 declares General Clark, 11 taat we want quick action. We can put up with delays and excusesln Asked if Eilr3' Allied prisoners were still being held, GuillaUJle replies that some prinoners are still being held in French Morocc& but that they are also charged with other crimes. General Clark declares that he is tired of these "laae excuses," that soae of theee prisoners were ordered released as long ago as last Noveaber. He add� that Nogues has been asked to furnish a list of naaes of political prisoners and that this list aust be forthcc,aing soon. "You had better re-orient yourselves," General Clark says, "because I aa going to get the action I seek1 n General Clark leaves no doubt in Guillauae 1 s a.ind that he is displeased with several things Negues is doing. Fauals BrT �Go In a defensive effort, Guillauae says that it is felt that action is not preceeding fast enough on the Oujda water systea. General Clark calls his blu.f'f', bring:s in his Engineer Officer, Colene! BoWIIB.n, who shows that the work of laying pipelines a.nd bringing water fro• the oasis is on schedule. General Clark then lets GuillaUlle know that he is going to get tough with M. Bouyssi, Chef de la Region of Oujda. Tae next question that co•es up is based on a report by General Martin at Marrakech that nrelations between Allerican soldiers passing through Marrakech and· the local Moroccan population are rather cold." Martin says the Aaericans seea to faver Jewish aerchants and Jewish guides. General Clark believes this pre-Jewish prepaganda "is being sponsored by the residency." He says it does net coincide "with the desire of the Arabs, as expressed by the Glaoui, for closer contacts with the Aaericans.n As he discusses the Martin report with Guill.auae, General Clark declares t:tiat this Arab-Jewislt feeling in Marrakech "ia your ewn dirty linen and you JlUSt clean it up. 11 He adds that he doesn't believe Martin's report is true; that the Glaoui hi.llself has told him that he wants a close relationship between the Arabs and the Aaericans. He intillates that soae of the French officials are trying to bring a strain between Arabs_ and Aaericans. As far as the guides to the Casbah are concerned, that, says General Clark, is a problea that lecal authorities aU8t settle because the Aaericsns don't care who guide the• as long as the guide does a good job. ( The final point that co•es up concerns the distribution of food t� the French Moroccan population. General Clark declares that it aust be distributed quickly and that the recipients aust be infol"lled that the supplies are being furnished by the Aaerica.rus. All in all, Guillauae has a pretty rugged ti.Me bafore the General whose main purpose is to have Nogues 1 advisor go back to the Resident General and let hi• know that General Clark is not going to stand for any shiftiness on Nogues part. General Clark writes two letters to General Eisenhower today explaining several Fifth Arsy Mtters. In the first lle outlines plans for the CPX which will start toaorrow. He the• sketches the plan for another CPX--involving motor aoveaent--•n March 15 that will be held about 40 niles south of Berguent. He inforas General Eisenhower that the first phase of the Invasion Training Center cadre instruction is over and that each regiaental combat teaa of the Jrd Division will undertake two weeks of intensive training starting March 25. The second letter concerns a Fif'th Arsy training problea. Writes General Clark to General Eisenhower: ( "I was glad to kave the eppertwdty to talk with you en Mc.>nday. It clar­ ified several pe>inte which were previously in doubt. "Wken I returlled here I was disappointed to learn that orders will be is• sued soon by the Northwest African Air Force disbanding the Detacbn.ent of the XII Air Support Ceuand which has been attached to this headquarters. I consider this action aost regretable, especially in view of ground-air cooperation train­ ing aission assigned to us in AFHQ training aeaorandUJl mmber 13. The combat experience at the Tunisian front indicates that we are very lax in our ground­ air te8.JI play. In ay opinion our troops would be able to evercoae this defect if we could ever permit our Ground and Air Corps officers to work and live together fer a reasonable period of tille. In the Fifth Aray we have begun to achieve ex­ cellent staff cooperation between the two components, and I all confident that we coul�,have bui.lt an effective air-ground combat combination that would have packed a recu. wa.L1op. c· �( "URdoubtedly, this aatter has been carefully weighed by Spaatz and his staff, and if it is impossible to aaintain an air support detachllent with JAY headquarters, at least General Cannon, who is Spaatz• representative in Casa­ bluca, should be directed to carry out extensive ground-air training with the Fifth Anq. This should eabrace a provision that air units including air support control and air support couunication squadron should be made available to us tor training. This, in JAY opinion, will not produce the results we seek. It seells to ae that while this skeletonized e:iwy is en a training aission primarily, we should not fail to take advantage of this opportunity to develop a positive air-ground set-up behind the lines which will be effective when combat coaes. The only way this can be done is to have the nucleus 0f an air support co11111laild, with means of coaaunication under 1AY control and at ay headquarters." a&•, An event of long in which General Clark was the prilte taover, is ooaing to trui1i:>n. B•b Murphy calla General Clark today to say that Madaae Darlan and her paralysis-suffering son are going to go to the States •o the late AdJtiral 1 fl son can take treataents at Want Springs. Genera1 Clark aade the suggestion to Mrs. Darlan the day prior to the Adllira1 1 s assassination in Algiers. FellowiDg the Adlliral 1 s death, Mrs. Darlan felt that she should not go to the States. When President Roo3evelt was in Casablanca, General Clark aentioned that he had proposed that Mrs. Darlan take her son to Warm Springs and the President said he thought it was a splendid idea and that he would be glad to have thea. The result is that Mrs. Darlan, her son and the son's wife will be flown to the States. General Clark orders a C-54, four-aotored trans­ pert, to go to �abat, where the Darlan 1 s are living, to start them on the long flight to the United States. He haa Colonel Saltzaan and Consul-Genn.l Doo­ little transait his best wishes to Mae. Darlan. In the afternoon, General Clark goes to the Oujda airport to watch the ctUipaent for the CPK loaded aboard tlle transport planes. He even helps to squeeze the peeps through the transport doors. He talks to pilots and crews about weight lWtations, cargo stowage and other probleas. Then he returns to headquarters satisfied at the speed with which the CPX equipaent can be leaded. Thirteen planes are to 118.ke the CPX flight, 12 transports and the General's Flying Fortress. Following dinner, General Clark retiree early since he will be arising early' to take off for CPX and the Fifth A.ray's first problem in the field. The general :ha.a tllree special callers during the day aa General Truscott, who has been gearing, at Algiers, the aoveaent of troops to the front, confers briefly with the general and then lectures to part of the Fifth Aray staff. Colonel Raff� tae rugged little paratrooper who has been on the Tunisian front for over three months, coaes through Oujda on his way back to the United States. General Clark has arranged for his return so he can instruct others in the les­ sons learned in his fighting and to undertake a larger colll!land. Like General Clark, Raff feels a great opportunity was lost because no drive was aade in January against Sfax or Gabes. He knows from personal experience that the Axis forces in the region were very thin at that time. Raff is acco11.panied by Lieut. Colonel Darby who has taken over his paratroop battalion. Darby confers with General Clark concerning where the Fifth Army airborne school should be located. The ether caller is Colonel Aaron Bradshaw, General Clark's friend from West Point days, who comes to the Fifth Army for AA conferences with Col. Robinson. ,. * * �s1, G2 E. :;\{J{;:lti1ttsft+ OUJDA-14ARRAKECH, UAR.CH 6, 1943--Atter a •light delay because ot ground fog, General Clark take• off for Marrakech at 10:.32 AM todq on a Couiand Poat Exerci•e deaiped to teat how quickly the advance echelo• of the Firth Arar ca• aove ey air to •••t an earegency. Previou• to the deparute of·General. Clark'• Flying Fortress, 12 bi-aotored tranaport planes, eight or the• carrying o•e "peep" each, ha.Te atarted th• lengthy flight to Marrakech. ;j. \: ( S6�· iit\tt ::;1;:���1� ' .. ··· .. ' ':' .. .. ��:.\�:�\� , 1 After cliabi� clo•e te the aaaaiY•, •now-draped abouldera of the Atlaa aoutaiu the left aboard utor or the B-17 begiaa to apit aJld tlarow aaok• •• it i• ahu.t otr u.d th• propeller feathered. Th• fiigllt coura• ia Ca&Jlied &Jld tA• apeed •lightly cut so it 1• 1:14 FM before ta• Fl.y"iJle Fortr••• ruable• to a atop at Marra.leech. By tJae tiae i•• c•n•ral'• plane lode, all the jeepa u.d equipa••t ll.an be•• uloaded tr&a tlle truaporta. General Clark ia ut at tlle airport b;r Geaeral Marti•, ••�der ot tlle Marrakech DiTiaion and Claef' do la Regioa, who utroduc•• hia to about two dozea Freacb Officer• lilied up u tro11t of' tae �ara. Tllea tae eigh:t•J••P co•voy, led by Ge•eral Clatrk 1 a thre•••tarr•d peep, with the general hoppillg up ud down to aee now tae co•Toy 1• •paced, driv.a to the Villa Tqler which ia the Colllllld Poat. { Eaclt of the Firth Army aectiona ia repeaeated by at loaat one officer aad soon the aectiou are ready to operate. Tai• i• the theoretical aituatio•i A llostile force ha.a laJlded o• If'rl, the aaall territory just south of Fre•ch Moreceo, aad i• the Hrth part of Rio De Oro by aea aad air. The total e•eay f•r•• ia 50,000. Ta• Ifaia reaiated. Th• aiasion of tile Fifth Arar is to attack aJld destroy the •••.,-. Tlle I Araored Corps ud the VI Corp• are already on the ••Te, theoretieall;r to the aeutll. For purposes of' the problea, all Aaericaa tro1ap• in North Africa are aYailable to the Fifth A.ray ud the Tuaiaian caa­ -pagill 1• ooapleted. Arter lunch, "canned" aessages beiflg' t• be iasued aad the nriou• aection• take aotio•. The aectioa offices are aetv"around in bedroo•• ud in the court­ yards or the beautif'ul. villa. At 4:45 the CPI ••ds aJld a critique is held oa a porch oTerloold.ac the garde•. Ge•eral Clark explain• that the exercise was planned priaaril.y to test the aobility or the adnnce air echelon. U•der actual eonditioaa, aa adyance ground echelo• would be uaderwq to the coamud post i• eround transportation.. Tla.e exercise was deaigned ao ohugea could be 11ade u equipae•t aad peraonnel aeeded for the adyance air echelon. "°'1r prucipal a1a, r• •q• Ge•eral Clark, addressinc hi• ••• at the crit­ ique, "was to get factual data on what 1• the beat wq of Htting up this adftJlced eoJUJ.ud croup tllat would coae by air. We woted to find b;r experience w.bat peraouel aJld equip••t ahould be take•. Each aection will u.ke a report. Arter watel'lllc tb.e loadinc aad the Wll�ading, I aa conTinced that this lidTance il'OUP c•uld be read,- te take off withill two hours af'ter receivinc •otificatioa. My ids ia to keep the adTance echeloa atreaalined and aobile for the dictates of aodern, aigh-apeed warfare. Tae big bottl•••ek has alwqa been tae aoTeaent of ••• ud equipaent to the CP. I thiak we haTe proyen t.dq that thi• can be d•• axpeditioua�. !JI a week we are coing to aake a aotor aoTeBeBt to a CP. ( "I aa hoping to develep Fifth Arar aeadquartera into a coapact teaa as aoon aa poasibl• ao we can t ake oyer 8:tfJ' sector, a-.y corps or� diTision. I11 a tlleater of operations u ara;r atarf aust be whittled to the bare easentials. I la&Te alway• taoucht that the tactical headquartera of our large units were too bi& ud uawieldy'. Large staff• ti• you to tJae grouad. That i• why I have cut the Fifth Arar staff to the ainhua, aet up.,- own tables of organizatio•. We are . .,.,5 ·C ·::1r:•·,' , ' \4A '!... 1 '\ ' ' .. : . • :1 r', o Ti t,ilii1'1¥'q{j/1.'1!1il;ii :t;.Jr:,f;;,;,;,:···'·fJ!fi,:!I"� nt'l Is H• �i¢t f: i- ��·j..'· ·1·· ,: � .·• ·:j..:J,-rz·/ ':..:, ...�. i!nf.t1.u ,, 'f:i}f!Z.=0:ff.iJ!Eiff¥ �{}x(.''.)!\iji,,�., .;'�'61f"e1µrtls�!"i;vi:0sr <:, ( eperating •ow at approxiu.te� 60 percent of our strength and I htend to keep tae headquarter• juat about there. Thi• proble• aaa been large� log­ iatioal. Thia CPX baa ahon ua where the aistakea would be aade h case of u actual aoTeacnt in the face of eaergeacy conditiou. "Now I want all •f ;you to relax. You have been working hard for Jl&JlY aoatlla and I wamt you to coabii,e pleasure with baainess o• this trip. Fro• ••• o• util we leaye oa Moaday aornillg I want you to enjoy youraelTes. Thia ia a loTely spot. I picked it especial�. I want to conyiaee you that whe• I aay 1 Follew ae• that it is goi� to be worthwhile!" ( Otficera accoapan1,ag General Clark on the trip are all his Chiefs of Seetions, the Deputy Chief of Staff and oertai• key aen. The officer group on the Marrakech CPS are: Ge:urals Blease and Moran, Colonel• Markoe, Howard, Kaaaerer, SaltZll&Jl, Bea.a, Piddock, Robinaon, Barker, BoWll&Jl, Bertholf, Jonson, Lewis, Adcock; Lieutenant Celo•ela Vineeat, Dewey, Kenneth Clark, Smith; Major Jackson; Captain• Houaton and Sldllaan, a.ad Lieutenants Beardwood, Fiacher and Lewis. Geaeral Beucler, French general co111D1aD.ding the Oujda aub­ dirleio•, aecoapaaiea the General t o llarrakech but atays with Gen.era! Martin. At 5:.30, Ge•eral Clark holds a reoeption for French officials of the regio• and AaeriNll Air Corpa effieera at the Tilla. Guests aelude tlle Glaoui or llarrakeell wJt.o, in tae eTeaing, .b.aa Ge•eral Clark and seTen or his high-ranking efficers to hia hoae in the u.tiTe qurter for a "ditfa, 11 or natiTe feast. Geaeral Clark presents tlae aced Glaeui with a quarter-ton peep. It is painted a brilliant creea ud 1aas a red stripe around it. The Glaeui ia treaendousq pleased. Geaeral Clark returns to hia quarters at 10:JO PM. * * * IIARRAKECH, MARCH 7, 194.3--Ge:ural Clark accoapliahes three large tasks tedq: lle u.a a loiac heart-te-11.eart talk with General Marth, lle inapecta a Freach Co1111a».d Post aad 1las aa epportunit7 to see French troops in the field ud 1le is a eu,eat ud pays his respects to Caid Layadi bel Hachai Rahllani, llead er one ef the purest ud aost powerful Arab tribes in French Morocoo. Leavillg his headquarters at 11:30 AM, t>ae General and his ehtire party driTe 71 ldloaeters •orth or Marrakecll to Ben Guerir. I• hia lead ear, Ge•eral Clark us General Marth ride with hia ud he brings up the IIUltitudinoua probleas, includin( thoae arising because of the Jewish question, relation­ ships with the Arabs and gives an inkling of hia apprehension concerninc General Nogues. Ge•eral Clark haamers hoae nis peats to French General Martin, both on the driTe clown and the driTe back ia late arternooa. Tlae Fre•oh Ceamand Pest is located in a eucalyptua il'OYe near Ben Guerir. The paper-work proble• is that Gera&JI plues llaTe laaded between Marrakeeh a.ad the Fre•oh CP ud a French diTisioa ie attacking to driTe the Gel"llans out. The Freacla s7atea of colUIUJ1ieations is explained aad General Clark looks oyer the entire CP, •n• down te tlle food beinc eened at the enlisted aen•s aess. Gea­ eral Clark aakes a few reaarks, praising the French fer the way taey have laid eut their CP aad poiatiJlc out t• the• that the G-section a,.ste• used by the Aaeriea• aray was cepiea after that et tae French ar,q. The French equipaent leoks Ter., antiquated. but tlley appear to be aaking the best of what they ha.Te. Before eoi11g to the aeadquarters of the Caid, the general inspects the �railroad yarda at Be• Guerir, au.in nitohiDC pout. He ia shown over the area by Geaeral Marth and his cirll oontroller, M. Truclaet. Then tlae caraTU MTeS to the Arab Tillage on tlle plaill :Rear Be• Guerir. Arou».d tlle Arab "'fill.ace are au».dreda •f horses, aoat or taea brilliu.tly saddled. Meabera et the Caid I a tribe have earthered fro• kiloaetera arouad. As tlle ceaera1 1 s co11Toy serpeatiaes arouad tlle low, walled aative Tillage, tlle road ia jalllled witn Arabs. The cars drive up in fro•t or teats or alaost eireus shape u.d size. E'Yer,thiq is laid out tor the native feast or 11 diffa." Tlae JUI.ill diaiJII ten.t is·� ia brilliu.t colored strips or cloth; the flaor is covered with thick I"U&S• The low tables aad the ottoaans oa which the guests will sit are already arran,:ed. After the general and his officers, plus General Marth and soae of his French officers, kave aet the Caid, they go into the lar&e tent. General Clark, the Caid and hi&h rankin& officers sit at the tables closest to the back of the tent. Then the Arabs becin bringi11g in huge dishes, all covered with reed, conical shaped covers. Identical dishes are placed on each table. It is just like the other "diffas" that the general has attended excpet that the food is richer and prepared with infinite care: pigeon pie with flaky crust, whole barbecued sheep stuffed with stranie spices; barbecued and roasted chicken and turkey; autton covered with egg patties; autton covered with dates and roasted pecans; the faaed ooua-cous. Tlle eating goes oa aJld on, the guests at each table dipping iato each dish with his t�ers, eating oaly with his rfiht bud. A£ter the final course, the �ests rise, stand outside the tent and wateh an exhibition of Arabain horse•anship. Tae brilliant� saddled a•d blanketed horses are all aounted by Arabs ill flowing robes. Th.eir horse•&llship is fantastic. The ride at breakneck speed toward the guests, shoutin& grotesquely, then firing their lo?Jgbarreled, 111i.zzle-l•adi.D& guns in Ulli.so•. They charge in group of fro• five to 12. First they start eaateri.ni, with the leader shouting eerily. When their spirited horses are aore or less in line, they start charging at a h4h-pitched shout fro• the leader. The rugged horses stretch long and low ner the roe.q growtd; the Arabs twirl their long-barrelled gu.s. Then, when the horses are alaost at the fringe of the crowd, the riders tr;r to fire their gos i• u».iso•. It is a pplendid de•onstration of horseaanshij and coordination. The proud Arabs are applauded tae and tiae again by General Clark and his •en. Aa the exhibition is drawing to a close, the guests are served the fa11ed Arab aiat tea. The 200-•dd horseaen who have particripated in the exhibition ride their •ounts ill close slowly so the horses can ee seen c losely. It is a fine show of aounts and warriors. The Caid leads a strong and powerful tribe--the tribe of Rahaani, noted for the purity of its stock. Had the Caid had aore ti.lie to notify his tribesaea, he sqs he could have asseabled more than 1,000 expert Arabian fighters. Following u. afteraoon of •ixi.ne with and applaudine tlae Arabs, General Clark and his party drive back to Marrakech, the Alleriean ceaeral taldag advantage of the long ride again to pound hoae to General Martin tlle points he has in aind concerning French cooperation, particularly in regard to release of pro-Allied prisoners, ef the need for greater cooperation fro• Negues. Back at the villa CPX lleadquarters, eeotio� equipa.ent is stowed away in preparation for the ret\lrJl toaorrow to Oujda and Fif'th Arrq Headquarters. Ge•eral Clark aas dhmer at the rllla 8.Jld spends the evening with those of his officers who have not gone sight-seeing. * Cff'"·�Di· ·<'\:<·.):fl\'. � ...\i,.� · :.:\;1,_,11n, �l\!i/ T S :- r :- T :,-cfs· g'�lWftt�N{Os • * . ·:' :.. � �.,- ...',f:�tJ'[i·,::4·,:�•1, ,;.•11\\rt. J �( MARRAKECH-OUJDA, MARCH 8 1 194.3--Tlte advance Fifth Aray Headquarters is stirring by dawn as section equiJ)llent is packed and hallled out to the ai11)0rt in tae eight peeps. When the loading is complete, General Clark and his officers drive to the airport and the Fifth Arq Commander's Flying Fortress takes off at 8:52 AM. Flying in the general's plane are the general, Generals Blesse and Moran, General Beucler, Colonel Johnson, Captain Skill.man, Lieutenant Beardwood and Sergeants Holden and Chaney. A lowering ceiling and interaittent rain and :hail causes Captain Morris to change the ship's flight so that it avoids cross• 1ng the aountains and returns to 0ujda by way of Fez and Guercif � The Fortress lands at ll:04 AM and General Clark heads straight to hi� office. There is one special passenger on the plane, a tiny gazelle that General Martin presented to General Clark upon his departure from Marrakech. The general intends to aa.ke it a pet. During the General's absence Ro11JJ1el's forces in the Mareth-Gabes corridor area have tried to ram southward against the British Eighth Ara;,. The result is that two Panzer divisions are knocked out without the Allied line buckling. In the central sector, our forces are back to within two ailes of Gafsa and we again have the Ouseeltia Valley. In the north the Axis has banged away in several sectors but the line is aore or +ess unchanged as the British in that region, flanked by some French troops on the Mediterranean coast, hold. The general is alao infol"Jled by radio that it has been decided that the Navy is respGnsible for all a:aphibious training by existing joint agreeaent. Because of the inability of the navy to provide su:f'ficient boat crews within the tilae available to support planned operations last year, the 'Army engaged in training of the necessary crews and landing boat units. This project led to developaent of Engineer ARphibian Brigades. The Navy Departaent now desires to resuae its responsibility for training of all uphibious boat crews and oper�tion and aaintenance of all amphibious equipment necessary to carry out planned A.ray operations •••" 11 General Clark reiterates again hia opposition to the Navy handling 8.liphibious training. In appraising the aove he recalls that while he was Chief of Staff of the Army Ground Forces in Washington the navy was to be prepared to handle the aaphibious-work in training seven amphibious divisions. Then the navy didn't have enough aen to aan the su.11 landing craft so the army for11ed aaphibious brigades under General Noce. "The Navy," says the General, "takes a sort of pride in their feeling that �hing that fleats should be run� tho. There is no reason why they should handle the landing craft. It is the a.ray that is perforlling the operation and the a.ray should handle the landing craft. This always brings up the arguaent concerning who should collUllB.nd and when the command should shift. The navy now .sqs it will set up the Mediterranean Amphibious Force. And we can do nothing but approve. I'm Wiliing�tt>�.o�t··th!t wh1n1t}1ew<!.8Jt comes and we want the amphib­ ious force se, to go that the navy won't be ready." General Clark returns to find a letter from General·Nogues and the letter indicates to what extent Nogues wants to ride the general's coattails. All hhe Moroccan papers have been carrying pictures of Nogues with General Clark, pic­ tures taken by the French during the recent trip by the American and the French generals. Civil Affiars experts tell General Clark that they feel Nogues is trying to lipreve his populabity by being pictured _ with the Allerican general. _ � E �( . "I thank you very 111cll for your letter (General Clark's "thank you" letter ) · written following his tour with Nogues) of 3 March, 11 writes Nogues. It touched me very muck. I have not failed to take part in your satisfaction with the troops who took part in the guards of honor and reviews organized for your trip. The estee• and confidence that you showed will be particularly precious to them and will answer their desire to show their willingness to fight the common enemy and their ardent faith in final victory. "I am pleased to send you herewith so•e photographs taken upon the occasion of your visit. I hope that the •eaories evoked by these pictures will urge you te take another trip as soon as the duties of your command will permit it and I would be very happy to JIB.k:e such a new visit with you. "My wife, who has been equally touched by your letter, asks me to send you ker kindest regards. "Please accept, ay dear General, the assurances of my high consideration and ay most cordial sentiments. (signed) Nogues. u * * * OUJDA, MARCH 9, 1943--Wc,rldng to ineegrate the plans of the American and French armies should ailitarJ action in Morocco be necessary, General Clark has a long conference with Colonel Poydenot, head of Nogues' liaison section to the Fifth Army. ( "I have many jobs as Commanding General of the Fifth Army and the Spanish Morecco qJ1estion is only one of them," General Clark tells Poydenot. "I want to aake it plain that should an attack come frora anywhere that I am charged as Commanding General of the Fifth Army te command troops perfening that mission which would be purely defensive. If that eventuality should arise our plans-­ French and Allerican-aust be complete so that we wouldn't have the Americans and the French ever-lapping each other and doing the same thing on the same battle­ field. There wst be unity of command and I WQuld be the commander, fully apprec• iating that the French troops would be most anxious to participate. "I sheuld kn$W as aoon as possible what French troeps would be available for such a mission. I aust know what their equipment is se I can integrate your plans and your aen and equipment with mine. It a.uot be arranged so that your key officers aeet flY' key officers se that the aen wao would participate w8uld know each other personally-." Peydenot agrees and will take the matter up as soon as he returns from a short trip te Algiers. The French col•nel declares that plans must be integrated and General Clark tells hi.a: "This would be a purely defensive action--te defend French Merocce. For any such move I must have a cempletely accurate appraisal of Frencjl stre?li'th. 11 General Clark, whe i s sitting in on the conference, asks what effect pelitical affairs would have on the military situation should Morocco be attacked and Poydenet estimates that the French-Americans might 11 get hit in the rear by the Arabs." General Clark then reiterates, in •rder that the point will be put over when Poydenot communicates with Nogues, that he (Clark) as Ce>mnanding General of the Fifth U.S. Armp: !is "supreme cemmander of all troops in this area.'' He then adds: "I will work with Nogues and I don't expect Nogues to say he will be subordin�te to me; but I do expect French traops actively fighting te be under me. I would submit to General Nogues the manner in which I intend to use French \ treops and detail what role they would play." �y ( "Being efficient," General Clark continues, "the Fifth Army is working on various plans that run from. A to z. This defense of Morocco is only one of them but it is one en which I want particularly to work at this tiae. I want to make sure that there would be no major obstacles in the way. It J1Ust be worked out so you know and we kne>w what we are going to do." General Clark then thanks Colonel Poydenot fer the work he is doing as head liaison officer between the French and the Fifth Aray. "I just wantEyou to know," General Clark concludes, "that we are honest people. We want to win the war and go heme and we need your help." A new high-ranking officer arrives at Fifth Army headquarters today to bec011e Inspector General. He is Colonel Avery and he confers for 20 minutes with General Clark concerning the jeb and how General Clark wants it handled. At 4:.30 PM, Archbishop Francis Spell.JI.an of New York, who has just returned from a trip to Italy and the Vatican, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters. After reviewing a guard ef honor he gees t$ General Clark's effice to pay his respects and 118.ke a brief re�rt. Spellaan declares that the Italians are tired of the war and that 11 all Italy needs is pretection from the Germana, then she would be in tav•r of us." He says that Italian aistortunzes in Tripolitania and heavy bomb­ ings in Ital,- and 8cily llave underained Italian morale." Regarding Spain, through which he traveled, Bishop Spell.Jlan says the attitude •f the Spanish towlll"d the Allies is iu.preving and that pr•-Geraa.n feeling is decreasing. Spains great tear, says Spellman, is that tlae Russians will eventually over-run Germany, enter Europe and turn it ceJUtUniatic. If Spain could be assured that Russia would net do this she wauld be weaned farther away fr•m the Axis. The bishop gives a quite leng report to the general, then, after looking around Fifth Army Head­ quarters, he is the guest of honer at a reception given at General Clark's villa. Afterward, he has dinner with General Clark and a few high-ranking officers• .-: ap n_J _,1 Jgl i I 11 gums l11 L � 1>� 1Ao<.... e( ti-��� -:i-, ·--� � � a-d o..o... ,,, �� � .._.,_"'"""'_ �- * * * OUJDA, MARCH 10, 1943--General Clark has a packed day today wita the neraal schedule ef work being augaented by visits £roa Air Chief Marshall Tedder, Major General Spaatz, Hanson Baldwin of the New York Tiaes and French General Lescroux, commander of all French troops in Morocc•. General air prcbleJ1s, particularly the assigI1J1ent of air support to the Fifth Army, co11es up during the Clark-Tedder-Spaatz conference. General Clark explains that he is charged with training in air-ground cooperation and that if this is to be effected, air units J1Ust be attached to troops training at Arzew in invasion-methods. The Fifth Army commander brings up the points he eutlined to General Eisenhower in the Air Support letter and Spaatz replies that Qthe key to air support is the air support party" and Tedder and he agree that two or three experts can be loaned ta the Fifth Army to synchronize this train­ ing. Tedder adds that "we want to have training with you chaps." General Clark pei�s out that the .3rd Division Regimental Combat Tea.Ila are going into t1'.aining fer special missions "and that means that their air support aust be develgped n•w. All we need is the air support party. All air units speak the same language. A kalf dozen officers will fill the bill. They can be the nuceleus." The Fifth Aray general says he fears disbandment of the XIIth Air Support Command and he believes that would be "fatal" since we have been too lax in our a.ir.,zround :teaa. pla..v. 11We aeed to ha.ye the nuceleUJ3 ef � Air Support Command. Irycru11 ao tfi e air support l.n princi"pl.e you can work out the details on larger scale. �( Next the question of location ef the Fifth Aray 1 s airborne training center coaes up u.d Oujda is agreed to. General Clark says he is going to have Colonel Beam, his Air Officer, head up both the Training Center and the XIIth Air Support uait. "I see the necessity," explains the general, "of having one person head up all air activity."Beneral Clark says he wants to 11ake Be8.Dl a Brigadier General but Spaatz recommends that action be delayed for a while. The Airborne Center will lla.ve a eqaudron of 13 transport planes here to start with. All air requirements will pass to Spaatz through General Joe Cannon. General Clark declares that all he wants is to have his Fifth Aray Air Officer head up the integration of planes and training. Beaa will deal directly with Cannon in all air matters. General Clark then explains that one of the aost i.Jlportant parts of any execution of Backbone would be air support. "We have four sets •f plans but the air aission is about the same on all of the•," General Clark explains. "The Air Support would have to be built up illmediately if the Spanish situation breke.11 ( General Spaatz says it looks as though another air force will have to be fgrmed in Africa and General Clark quickly adds II and that air force would be in support of rq- ground eperations--my group could be the nuceleus for organizing an air force." Spaatz then suggests that Beam aake periodic trips to forward areas "to keep him oriented." Replies General Clark: "Anything is alright �s leng as it is pointed tov,ard making us all effective when the time comes." Fellewing a discussion of how air should support landing parties, Air Marshal Tedder says: "The first job of the air is to knock out the enemy. Use of air• craft with the troops in training would be good �rom a psychological point of view." General Clark is far from satisfied when the conference is over. He has the visiting air officers to his villa for luncheon. In aid-aftern�on, General Lescroux arrives, inspects the now customary honer guard and then goes into conference with Generaµ Clark. For the most pa.rt the conference is spent in exchanging pleasantries. General Clark says that the ••re he sees of French treops, "the 11.G>re i.Jlpressed I 8JI with the discipline." Lescroux expresses his appreciation "f•r the cooperation and pleasant relation­ ships between the French and Aaerican troops--taere seems to be a complete under­ standing." General Clark then says that all the French Aray needs to be virile again is to get modern equipment and learn how to use it. To which Lescroux responds: "The French A.ray was defeated in 1940 because it did not have suf• ficient equipment. The efficers and non-cemaissioned officers had sufficient training. They can get be.ck quickly to combat efficiency." General Clark then coaplillents the work and the relationship between himself and French Generals Martin and Beucler. He tellsef the trip to Marrakech and how the long air aove­ aent was 11ade. "We have aa.de up our minds," concludes General.Clark, "that we will not aiss going into combat completely ready." a l General Clark has long conference with Hanson Baldwin, the ailitary-naval expert of the New York Ti.mes. Baldwin asks why the Fifth Ar-.y is back here and General Clark explains the set-up regarding training and other 11atters, leaving out a:n:y aention of Backbone er ailitary plans. Baliwin, without knowing General Clark'• views, declares there should be an J\Jleric&n army in Tunisia to which the general replies that this has always been his contention. Baldwin feels that Churchill influenced President Roosevelt on explal;ing the Mediterranean as a theater of war. He says that in order to win, there must be an invasion across the English channel. General Clark agrees, saying that he thinks "to conclusive­ ly clean this thing up we aust inevitably add a channel crossing to the other eperations. We 11ust attack the western shore of Francet" �·�\t;.,··:..·�;/·",:-c;.�-��: �-.lo·._.··t· : · . ;·' . :. �t .'; ��� ff'l3rifis: 1 ( , ' .) - I < Baldwin remarks that he has heard that General Anderson of the British First Ar'lq is not a strong commander. General Clark makes no comment, except to say that Anderson, during the time they were associated, " pe rformed his duties as satisfactorily as could be expected under the conditions at that tille." Baldwin says he feels that the Allies missed a great opportunity in not attacking the Gabes sector early in the year. He said he had heard in the States that such an operation was to be pe rformed. General Clark replies that both Gen­ eral Eisenhower and he felt that it would be a mistake to let the forces of Remmel and Von Armin join. If the Germans "have another good offensive lefi in them," Hanson declares it prebably will be against Spain next spring. General Clark says he thinks that "is the best thing they can do at the cheapest cost" and adds that "it would bring the worst results to us." General Clark avoids any direct comment on Spain, saying that the JIB.in mission of the Fifth Ar11y is to train troeps for future eperations. 11We are watching the Spanish situation," the general continues. "We are getting ourselves organized to be capable of prompt and efficient action in event it is nec:essary.11 General Clark cautions Baldwin that under no circuastance is he to be quoted and that the views the general expresses off the recerd are entirely his own. The general picture is discussed and Baldwin's questioning leads the general to delcare that "nothing possible could be construed to show tlaat I u not one million pe rcent with General Eisenhower. He is my closest .friend and has been for marzy, many years." Baldwin has dinner with General Clark and remains.overnight at his villa. Commenting to one of his officers later in the day concerning the visit of Spaatz and Tedder, General Clark declares that the interview brought t, him the realization that none of the Air Corps people present"a.re wholly in sympathy with the current War Department view--and my view--on air support of ground troops. I believe it is their view that the Air Corps should not directly sup­ �rt ground troops but should be used selely for strategic missions. I believe that this feeling is permeating our senior air officers. I noticed .from Tedder•s cemmeata that that is the growing impression of American Air officers. However, I was able to put over *he necessity for-.:,- keeping ray air support set-up. I aa geing to try to h8.J1D1er through ray views on air-ground support in ray training of troops for the next ope ration so as te indoctrinate them with the approved method. If tae troops do not get the air support they are entitled to during the operation because of this growing view of the Air Corps, I think it will be a matter for the Coll!Illallder-in-Chief to handle. With both Tedder and Spaatz and the other Air Cerpe �fficers present illbued with this new idea of the use of air units, I came to the conclusion that it was too much for Ile to buck but I am going to take the 11a.tter up with 'Ilfe' the next time I see hill." General Eisenh�wer issues the following general order to all troops and waits, including the Fifth Army, today: L "The ene!Y has been attacking us in the past three weeks in the South, Center and North in Tunisia. Fighting has been bitter in sections and losses have been suffered by us, but the enemy has been frustrated once and defeated twice in at­ tem�s te break the Allied ring which enci�cles him. It is possible he shall make further desperate attempts, but I am confident that 18th Army Group troops will the continued effective support by our Air and Nav.al Forces will inexorably push him back to the sea and to destruction. j �'70 ( \ l "This oppartunity is taken by me to express my pride in the inclusion of the Eighth Army and Western Desert Air Force in the Allied Forces ef North Africa, which I am so honored to command. The unified purpose of the French, British and Americans will continue to be typified by these forces, and the unified efforts of our Naval, Ground and Air contingents will force unconditional surrender upoh the Axis. 11 I thank all ranks in the Navies, Armies and Air Forces for their recent great efforts. I know that for the i.m;�ediate future each of us has no other thought than to do :this full duty, and more, in clearing the enemy out of Tunisia." In a aemorandua, Gefienµ Clark nGtes tlutt the f0llowing wer� the decisions reached during the conference today with General Spaatz and Air Marshall Tedder: l "Colonel Bea11 will reaain as Air Officer, Fifth Army. He will be given a sJl8.ll staff from the Detachment XII Air Support Comnand. He will also be given c0mmunication facilities (air support parties) to form the nucleus fer the train­ ing activities for the air-ground training adtivities of the Fifth Ar my. The de­ tails of personnel and communication facilities will re arranged between General Cannon and Colonel Bea.11. "The Commandi8.g General Fifth Army will be in command of the Airborne Train­ ing Center. Colonel Beam will be designated as General Clark's representative to be in charge of the Center. For matters pertaining to air training, the Commanding General Fifth Army will deal with General Cannon. It is contemplated that the Air­ borne Training Center will be established at Oujda airport. General Cannon agreed that the air units assigned to the Oujda airport would be kept down in size so that taere would be no undue interference with the airborne activities. "Backbone planning for air operations will be drawn by Headquarters Fifth �my. These plans will be submitted to General Spaatz fer coordination by him. "General Cannon will remain in control of the Oujda airdrome. The Commanding General Fifth Army will exercise disciplinary control for air force personnel when outside the limits of Oujda airport." * * * OUJDA, MARCH 11, 1943--0ne of the Fi.rth Army's training centers, part of the group tlta.t will be set up to prepare troops for another operation, is decided upon teday. General Clark's radio to NATOUSA at Algiers explains: nThe 'Airborne Training Center' is to be activated through arrangements made with the ca, North West African Training Command. It is to be located at Oujda airport and by mutual a5reement the overhead staff, facilities and training aids will be furnished from personnel and equipment available within units concerned. "In order to arrive not later tluµi 12 March, it is requested that you issue orders transferring 2nd Bn, 509th Parachute Infantry to Fifth Army; movement to be by air, rail and motor with air transportation furnished by co, 51st Troop Carrier Wing. The Air Transport Squadron is to be moved to Oujda also arriving at 8a.lle tille." ( \ Organization of the Fifth Army's Training program is preceeding rapidly. Brig• adier General Wilbur arrives at headquarters. He is to have charge of all Fifth Army training schools and he has a long conference with Gener,µ Clark. Wilbur will spend tae next severEl,l days with General Clark's G-3 section integrating plans. A j �'7 I f camoflauge school is n to be set up at Guercif. The other schools are now being arranged for and ·proposed locations studied. General Dawley also comes down from his VI Corps headquarters to confer with General Clark concerning French problems. Dawley then visits General Beucler to discuss minor French-American troop matters with him. The general!s third principal visitor of the day is U.S. Consul J. Riveas Childs who drives down from Tangiers, Spanish Morocco. Childs has been making frequent and sharp reports to General Clark by mail on the situation in Spanish M�rocco. The general explains the Firth A.ray mission, set-up and area of res­ ponsibility. He tells how NoiUeS is "squaw� his head off" W1der the pressure •f General Clark to release certain peisoners. General Clark says he has a basic distrust of Nogues but that the Resident General of French Morocco "is playing ball." Childs reports that the Allied landing in North Africa "put a tremendous atrainu on both GermaJzy and Spaib.t because both nations were getting food and supplies from this section. The Consul says that General Orgaz, head of Spanish Mctrocce, "cenuinely desires neutrality." However, the second strong man, General Yaqui at Melilla,.is pro-German. Childs declares the general feeling in Spanish M•r•cc• is that it would be folly for Geraaey to invade Spain but that she might "in desperation. It is a possibility; but not a probability." J Cldlds proposes that General Clark aeet General Orgaz somewhere near the Spanish Moroccon border and the general is agreeable. Childs says the meeting "would have a tremendous impression on the Spanish." General Clark asks if the consul believes there is any way we can "work our way into Spain" to get a crack at the GeI'llans. Childs replies that he doesn•t think there is a chance; that the Spanish will fight anyone who comes into Spain. He adds that the Spanish "expect us to come into Spanish Morocco if the Germans go into Spain." General Clark then explains his plan to bring South American elements into North A£rica so the Latin American countries will feel that they have an active part in the war. Childs declares that this is "'¥1 excellent and splendid idea. Childs has dinner at the general's villa and remains overnight. The consul is to return to Tangiers tomorrow and he will 118.ke preliminary feelers on the aeeting between General Clark and Lieutenant General Orgaz. * * * OUiDA, MARCH 12, 1943--Paratroopers arrive in Oujda today to begin work at the "Airborne Training Center.11 The first wave arrives at 9:45 AM, jUllping fro• 29 transport planes that fly over 6ujda and to the vicinity of the airport. The aen bail out from about 400 feet. General Clark goes out to watch the para­ troopers• arrival. He questions the men. Only one llB.ll is injured during the jwap. He breaks his leg when it becomes snarled :t.n the parachute shrouds. In the afternoon another wave of transports arrives with more paratroops but the ships land at Oujda airdrome and the men do not jump. By nightfall, the Airborne school has almost 750 pupils and their co11plillent of planes. Thus, a.nether phase of the Fifth Arny's training mission gets underway. Submarine patrol planes are also working out of the Oujda airport and bomber squadrons froa the front are coming back to rest and rehabilitate their ships. E �-�·.: .EC a,,.::"·"·�'."' ) : ) r;ff;�..M OST 1 l:r li" ·,, 1 r �.!;t�eiEGl. �.t:i·'.rh -�r�:.:.::. . :i:.:·3��··,·: ·..:�:·::/ :. ·�\'.i\i�1ig�">" �·k.!:f'·s-c.- - · - A Because of reports that General Mason MacFarlane ., governor of Gibraltar, is coming to Fif'th Arny headquarters ., General Clark cancells a planned trip today to the Repl�cement Training Center at Oran. However, General MacFarlane does not cooo so General Clark spends most of the afternoon in conference with various •fficers, principally his Chief of Staff ., General Gruenther. In the late after­ noon ., Jacques Tessier, owner of the house near Cherchel ., Algeria ., where General Clark had his highly-successful rendezvous with pro-Allied French officers last October, comes to visit the General. Tessier wants to get a job with the Fifth Army and General Clark promises to try and get him one. The general also arranges for an aide--Lieutenant Beardwood--to drive to Cherchel tomorrow to take historical pictures of the famed rendezvous house. Beneral Clark, who has been besieged for the past several days with over­ night guests, enjoys solitutude in his villa tonight. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 13, 1943-Pr4paring for the Firth Army's Corunand Post Exercise early ne:at week halfway between Oujda and Berguent, General Clark drives to the CP area today with his Medical Officer, General Blesse. The site is about 35 ailes south of Oujda, on the haunches of a range of hills that is covered by greasewood and small pines. General Clark Jllakes a thorough reconnaissance and then returns to headquarters. Asia from routine conferences with members of his Fifth Amy staff re­ garding organizational problems, the day is unusually quiet. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 14 ., 1943•-General Cannon, who is General Spaatz air represen­ tative in the Casablanca-Oran region, confers with General Clark and Colonel Gale today concerning the Fifth Army's air problems. The conference is in con­ nection with decisions reached during the recent visit of General SpaB.tz and Air Marshal Tedder. The place where Cannon's comnand at Oujda airport ends and that of Colonel Beam, as 5th ArllfY Air Officer and head of the Airborne Training Center, starts is deliaeated. Later in the aorning, Major General Keyes ., who has taken over command of the I AraGred Corps now that General Patton has gone to the front, comes to confer with General Clark concerning I Armored Corps-5th Army relations. General Clark outlines his policies and his desires and then the two generals lunch at General Clark's villa. In the afternoon, Captain Andre Baruch arrives from Casablanca to record a speech by General Clark for broadcast over the new ABS radio station in Casablanca. This is tho talk the general Jaak:es and which will be broadcast within a few days: "Congratulations and thanks are due to General Wilson ., his staff and his radio technicians for having furnished the vision and work necessary to expand this station to its new power, able to reach listeners at a distance of 1,000 miles from the transmitter. In accomplishing this expansion you have rendered an important service not only to our forces but also to civilian listerners within that range. �··.sfi. fAOST' ,1\ < r I ( \ •:bi Americlifi�:!;is·o sailors, merchant seamen and civilian workers. In the last'tlvwnty years the average American has learned to count on the radio for a large part of his information, instruction and 8.llUSement. The development of this station to its new strength will enable llaJ\V American radio fans to listen daily to first class radio material, including accurate news, interesting features and the good entertainment for which the pre• decessor station was already well known in the area which it served. "A good American radio station can give its listeners a chance to know the truth. From this station Allerican troops can hear the broadcasting of honest news. People in this area ind in nearby countries in Africa and Europe, subjected to a confusing bombardment of propaganda, may derive their own judgllent of American principles and objectives as indicated by prograas of this station. "This transmitting equipment provides a means of communicating special mes­ sages to troops, and I wish to take this opportunity to convey my greetings and a message to the American troops who are listening to this program. You men who beleng to the base sections, I wish to congratulate you on the fine work you are doing in handling our supplies, without which this war cannot be conducted, much less won. You aen if the Fifth Army who are chafing because you are not yet in action, I want to congratulate you on the energy and good spirit with which you pursue your training prograas. I assure you that you will have your chance to fight. Remember that now is the time to perfect yourselves as soldiers and fighters, to illpreve your discipline and technique to the point where your combat efficiency, which aust be acquired before you reach the battlefield, will mean disaster to the enemy. The harder, speedier and more accurate you become now the tougher you will aake it for the enemy. Good discipline learned now means lives saved in battle. We must keep our eye on the ball and remember that we have come here to win this war. You have already made gratifying progress in training, and your iaprovement in discipline has been the subject of favorable comment by local civ­ ilians as well as by officers. But there is still much to be done in a short time. Victory means hard work, both now and later. "Finally, I want again to congratulate this station and those responsible for it, and to wish them the best of luck." Just before he leaves the office late for his villa, General Clark is not­ ified that Generals Patton and Spaatz have been promoted to lieutenant generals and he sends the two congratulatory radios to the now three-starred officers. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 15, 194.3-•Pa.rt er the 15th Infantry Regi.Jlent of the 3rd Division is en the mGve to the Invasion Training Ce�ter at Arzew and General Clark gees up in his loud-speaker equipped Piper Cub to watch the motor move• aeat from the air. He flies over the aster colWIJl and broadcasts to them on llow the col\11Ul looks, how the vehicles are spaced. Vlhen he shouts down "The 15th is a mighty fine looking outfit," the men on the ground cheer and wave. The general then flies back to Oujda and surprises the paratroopers camped in the vicinity of the airport by having the little Cub land virtually in a compa.Izy' street. He then returns to headquarters. �{ C8Jloflauged his field headquarters is. The general's most important conference of the day is with Colonel Poydenot. It concerns the publishing in Vichy of anti-Jewish and anti-Mason laws. Newspaper cerrespondents have been attacking the law and saying that nothing is being done to prevent its application in French Morocco. Poydenot explains that Morecco is not like Algeria; that it is independent of France while Algeria is actually a political part of Metropolitan France. Poyden�t explains that two years ago lib­ eral laws regarding the Jews were passed in Morocco and that they are in effect now "and there has been no difficulty." The conference with Poydenot gives General Clark an opportunity to bring up again the urgency of General Nogues turning over all French plans for the defense of French Morocco. Poydenot says the aatter is being worked on and then brings up the 1118.tter of measures to be taken against partisan guerillas. General Clark re­ plies that the guerillas will be a job for the French "but we will help to pro­ vide the J1eans to do it.11 The general stresses again that there must be "one active coamander and I have been so designated." * * * OUJDA-BERGUENT REGION, MARCH 16, 1943--Trucks are grinding in and out of Fifth 11.rrrcy headquarters by dawn this morning, loading up section aquipment and men tor the 5th Army motor movement CPX which is being held in the hills 25 ailes south of Oujda on the Berguent highway. Before leaving for the CPX, General Clark says goodbye to his Provost Marshall, Colonel "Doc11 Johnson who is going to take over training work in the Replcaement Depots th.at General Clark's Fifth Army is charged with conducting. After getting up to date on incoming a.l'.ld outgoing radios, General Clark leaves his headquarters in the little Piper Cub for the CPX. By the time the small plane arrives over the headquarters, the Cooonand Post is fairly well set up. As he flies over, General Clark broadcasts down over his loudspeaker, pointing out caaoflauge weaknesses and truck concentrations. The brush and scrub pine growth of the CPX provides fairly good cover. The Cowianding General's tent is a fake Bedouin hut. This Arab-type tent is stretched over General Clark's side-wall tent which is his office. The Chief of Staff has a similar type camoflauge. As soon as he is on the ground, the general begins inspecting the command post, making recommendations and suggestions to section heads on the location and camoflauging of their sections, cautioning officers and enlisted men to dig their slit trenches deeper, making sure t�t equipment is quickly hidden once it is unloaded from trucks. He is all over the command post, observing and advising. The tactical situation--which involves the theoretical movement of two enemy corps, one armored and the other infantry, to the region southeast of Berguent and employment under the Fifth Army of the I Armored and the II Army Corps--is secondary to the real problem--the motor �ovement and setting up of the command post so that "bugs" can be ironed out for future cooonand post exer­ cises. In the afternoon the general inspects the enlisted men's pup tent areas and the qwµ-termaster truck park, located two miles .from the CPX. He covers the area in his jeep. �15 ( By aid-afternoon, the command post is set up, with camoflauge perfected, slit trenches dug and sections operating. The American Red Cross gets a chance to work in the field to as it moves a truck out to the area and serves donuts and coffee to the enlisted men. General Clark's armored scout car, being used in the field for the first time, is tested. Each of the sections is determining as the d� goes on where it has made errors in stowing its equipment, what items should have been brought, what should have been left home. Through trial and error, the 5th Amy advance echelon is finding out how it can improve itself for movement into the field under battle couditions. Because of the weather, low hanging clouds, mist and some rain, a scheduled "air attack" by planes gased at Oujda airport, has to be cancelled. F�llowing dinner in the general's mess, a spot so well camoflauged that it is possible to walk within 10 feet of it and not see it, General Clark has a few friends to his tent and then he retires at 9 PM. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 17 1 1943--Shortly after dawn the breakup of the Fifth Army CP begins as tents come down, s lit trenches are filled in and trucks come rolling into the area and officers and men begin re-loading the equipment they used in the brief problem. By 9 AM the ·camp is stripped and the first convoy has started moving back to Oujda. General Clark gets into his little observation plane, criss-oroases over camp twice to shout dovm instructions and then heads for OUjda and his headquarters. General Clark has two special callers today. The first is Major General Matt Ridgeway, commanding the 82nd Airborne Division, and the second is Brigadier General Dan Noce, organizer of the Amphibious Engineer Brigades. Ridgeway is just completing a tour of the theater and is returning to the States to make ready for the movement of his division to Africa where it probably will become part of the Fifth Army. Noce is also completing a tour and his conference with the general, the second within ten days, concerns amphibious training problems and a discussion of the old question of Arwy versus Navy in handling landing craft. The most illlportant aeeting of the day is a lengthy critique on the Command �st problem just terminated. In the afternoon, all officers and the highest non­ Coas who participated in the CPX gather in the crude Fifth Arny auditorium. Gen­ eral Gruenther opens the meeting, declaring the @xercise..C"went off well, in gen­ eral, considering this was our first trial." The Chief of Staff points out these errors: there was some confusion in getting the convoys started and there must be more definite and rigid rules for each vehicle serial; there was no arrange­ aent made for air defense during the movement; the rigid rule in the CPX area of stay on the road resulted in a tie-up of trucks that would have made a per­ fect bombing target or strafing region; when some of the CPX material was un­ leaded, certain sections left in lying in the open thus destroying camoflauge; there was a hesitancy on the part of officers to talce the initiative in issuing orders to corredt obvious delinquencies; there was a tendency to delay the dig• ging of slit trenches and most of the slit trenches were too shallow; the break­ ing up of camp was not well organized and convoys forming on the road constituted a highly vulnerable air target; regarding ca.moflauge, there was incorrect use of nets, tent pegs and poles and guy ropes will have to be painted, the shi� windows of the CP tents could be seen from the air; one section pitched its tents in a streambed where the camoflauged tents stood out against the tawny sand; vontinual ; §.ECR . .. . ....,,,��i, . ' J�ritJsh; ,�os.. , .. t'o.. ·�. �1 use of the same paths--particularly to latrines and mess tents--resulted in lines readily observed from the air; light discipline was good; the general area was too concentrated and there should have been greater dispersion of tents; the attitude and discipline of the enlisted rten was excellent. When General Clark gives his review, he opens his talk by telling his officers and men that "one of the penalties for having an excellent chief of staff is that· he is so thorough that in this instance he has covered elrerything I intended to cover and has stolen all my thunder." General Clark declares he is pleased with the general result of the CPX but that future ones--and there will be many--are going to be tougher; they will be tied in with one that will include actual use in the field of the VI corps. General Clark e�lains that he has assembled the senior non-comra.issioned officers so they can carry back recommendations to the aen i n their respective sections. Speaking of camoflauge, General Clark points out that the aerial c amera eye shows up mistakes that the human eye can't catch and that in camoflauging, the photo-eye au.st always be considered. He declares that experience has shown that slit trenches must be four feet deep bec�use in this wa:y the man lying in the trench is safe from the treads of enemy ta nks. ( Regarding dispersion, the general says it is difficult to guage the con­ centration or dispersion of tents. Only experience will show but the only moral that he can draw, adds the general, is that the distance between tents must be like the legs on a horse--"just long enough to reach the ground." The next CPX will have gas alarms and air raid drills, during which officers and men will wear gas masks and go through the motions of firing on low-flying planes with all small arms just as they would in actual battle. The general says that for a first real CPX, the one just completed w&..s 11 lendid;" that everyone, particularly the en­ listed �en showed a cooperative, courteous and happy attitude with commendable discipline. ap The general then proposes a slogan for the Fifth Army: 11A n alert soldier is a live soldier; a dull one a dead one. In war, there are only the quick and the dead. The Fifth Army must be known as the Alert Armyt" General Clark then declares that he knows his officers and men are chafing for action and tells them that they are now in preparation for future battle. "You are going to get the opportunities for action that you crave," he says. "The lessons you learn now will serve you well in battle. Remedying the errors that you make on a problem may mean saving your li.fe later on. We must be alert, alert! We aust 118.ke correction after correction to perfect ou.:bselves. I am pleased to see the progress we are making. We already have a good reputation for courteous action from subordinate commanders. I want to compliment all of you and urge you to work harder and harder for the days that are coming--days when the Fifth Army will go into battle." In the evening Gener�l Clark has five other members of his West Point class to his villa for dinner. They are, in addition to the general; Major General Ridgeway, Brigadier General Noce, Colonels Markow and Sullivan and Major Meacham. General Ridgeway then spends the night at the general's villa. \ * * * �17 '. ... �f��t r!j , 1;.)\�.;,;,, tz'.tt·i' OUJDA, MARCH 18, 1943--American troops, spearheaded by the First Division, have begun to move forward on the Central Tunisian front and G�fsa is recaptured today. The line has now returned to virtually the same point it was at when the Axis attacked in February. The plan is to drive on for Malrnassy, only 35 miles from the Gulf of Babes. To the south, the British Eighth Army is readying it­ self for a drive into the Mareth line. To date, with the frustrated thrust ot the two Panzer Divisions, there has been only artillery duels and patrols. In the North the British First Army is holding its sector secure. �!\ �•\•' The Fifth ArAY is now without a Deputy Chief of Staff since Colonel Adcock has been called for duty at Allied Force Headquarters in Algiers. General Clark and Gruenther are considering the replacement .. Thia makes three deputy Chiefs of Staff the Fifth Ar.my has had since its organization--General Nivens, General Lemnitzer and Colonel Adcock. Lieutenant Colonel Vincent has been made head of the G-4 section which Adcock headed before he was made Deputy Chief of Staff. Brig�dier General William H. Wilbur is announced today as director of the Fifth Army Training Centers. He will represent the Commanding General in super­ vising training at the following schools: Invasion Training Center; Field Officer Training Center; Replacement• Depots 1 and 2; Airborne Training Center; Engineer Training Center; Tank Destroyer Training Center; Mountain Training Center; Art­ illery Air Observation Post Training Center; Signal Training Unit, and other training centers of units that might be organized. This listing of special schools shows the scope of the Fifth Army's training mission. Following a final conference with General Ridgeway and posing for photo­ graphs with his Class of 17 officers, General Clark holds various short con­ ferences with his Chief of Staff and sections heads. He also attends one of the artillery section's morning orientation meetings at which the military situation all over the world is reviewed. Today the situation is thus: in Tun­ isia we hold the upper hand and there are indications that a big drive is pend­ ing to drive Rommel and Von Arnim out of their last toehold on the African con­ tinent; the Russian front situation is good and bad--good in the north where 5he Russians are closing in on Smolensk, bad in the center where the Germans have re-taken Karkhov, neutral in the south where there is little activity; in France, a group of patriots has holed up in the mountain country near.the Italian border and the Germans have had to call out a Panzer division in an attempt, as yet unsuccessful, to rout the ever-growing group out; there are reports that this guerilla army is being supplied by the Allies from the air; in the South Pacific there is only aerial activity. The general spends a quiet afternoon, working on papers and then going for his lung-clearing hike in the low hills to the south of Oujda. At retreat, he hands commissions to two new officers--one a former warrant officer in the AG section, the other a master sergeant in the G-4 section--and pins the Air Medal on Lieutenant Norman Lewis for making five oper�tional bombing flights over enemy territory. In the evening he has a group of Red Cross officials to his villa for dinner. The meal is heightened by the delivery of delicious Arab pa.steries from a high Arabian official in Oujda. * * * OUJDA-PORT SAIDIA-OUJDA, MARCH 19, 1943--Because of the imminent arrival at Fifth Army headquarters of General Gomes of Brazil, the vanguard of a group of �( Latin American officers who will be visiting Fifth Army headquarters, General Clark sticks fairly close to headquarters today until he learns that the Brazil­ ian is going to have to remain at, Marrakech overnight and fly in here tomorrow. The only non-headquarters visitor of the day is U.S. Vice Consul Pendar who is enroute back to Casablanca and Marrakech following a trip to Algiers. Pendar and the General confer briefly concerning political and civil affairs conditions in Morocco. General Giraud has just made a speech declaring that the "people of France have never accepted the Armistice" and "a French army of 300 1 000 men is being armed in North Africa••• France will be freed and take her place again among the nations •••the sovereignty of the people, destroyed by the Germans, will be restored in France.11 Giraud says he would welcome further cooperation with DeGaulle. The latter, Pendar and other civil affairs experts believe, is likely to cause repercussions. Giraud declares that "legislations passed since June 22 1940 is of no legal value, 11 adding 11 it is impossible to suppress laws and decrees with a stroke of the pen without making adaptation to new conditions. Already some measures have been taken. Municipal assemblies, general councils and finan­ cial delegations are restored. Laws of racial discrimination imposed on France by the Nazis (the Jewish questions which has caused General Clark much worry) no longer exist. The decree •••which established a difference between Arabic and Jewish natives is abrogated." Giraud, who worked so closely v:ith General Clark during theearly days of the North African campaign, gives a concise outline of what he proposes to do and declares: 11 I promise the people of France that their right to choose their provisional government will be safeguarded." Thus, Giraud, like Darlan before he was assassinated, publicly states that he does not seek personal power or aggrandizment. In.the afternoon, General Clark drives to Port Aaidia to watch a .50 cal• ibre machine gun firing demonstration from a mount devised so the gun can be quickly removed from a vehicle and placed on the ground. He also looks over the area which he is having turned into a "rest resort" for battle weary officers and men. Port Saidia is on the Mediterranean, the last French North African town before the Spanish Moroccan border begins. With both of his former personal airplanes--the B-25 and the B-17--having returned to the forward areas for combat work, General Clc\I'k has delivered to him today a C-47 transport which he will use for official flights. He intends to take his jeep with him on the trips so .his men practice loading the little quarter-ton and m&king refinements of the ship during the afternoon. * * * OUJDA-RABAT-CASABLANCA, MARCH 20, 194.3--General Clark's plan to have Latin American army officers visit the North African theater as a possible prelude to the use of Central and South American "token" troops in the region so they will feel they are a more active part of the United Nations reached fruiton today as Brigadier General Eduardo Gomes, commandL'lg Brazilian Air Units in the rltal northwastern section of the South American republic, arrives at Fifth Ar:m:, headquarters. a Mexican delegation is to come next month and other Latih Am­ erican groups are being formed. �79 • an honor guard of infantry. General Clark then takes the Brazilian into his office and tells him how honored he is to have a Brazilian officer arrive at his headquarters as the first Latin American official to visit the North African theater. Following the preliminary conference, Gomes goes to General Gruenther • s villa for lunch. This afternoon he will take off for Rabat with General Clark who is going down to a reception in honor of Arab leaders from throughout Morocco who have gathered at Rabat in conjunction with the birthday of Moha..'1lmed, which was celebrated yesterday. Prior to the arrival of Gomes, General Clark makes a thorough inspection of his headquarters, going into every office, ever-y nook and cranny. He is ac­ companied by General Gruenther and Lieutenant Colonel Smith, headquarters com­ mandant. The general is pleased with the appearaace of his headquarters and makes only minor suggestions for its imP,rovement. Following lunch, General Clark drives to Oujda airport and at 1:31 PM he takes off for Rabat in the C-47. The party includes·General Gomes and his two aides, Captain Horta and Lieutenant Colonel Tibbits; Colonels Saltzman and Robinson, Lieutenant Colonel Sutherland and Major Ball. After a routine flight, the C-47 lands at Rabat at 4:00 PM. Before landing, the plane circles over the Sultan's palace and huge crowds are seen in the court­ yard and in the streets surrounding the grounds. General Clark is met by a guard of honor from the 2nd Armored Division. With Major Genera;t Harmon he proceeds to the Residency of General Nogues. Scores of high American officials are already there--Brigadier General Pat Hur}v, the former Secretary of War who is in Africa on a special mission for President Roosevelt; Generals Fitzpatrick, Tompiins and others; Admiral Laur-y, commanding U.S. Naw. units and the base at Casablanca; and a host of French officers including Nogues, General Lescroux, Colonel Piatte and others. When the palace visitors have been assembled at Nogues 1 residency, the group leaves for a fonaal call on the Sultan. Enroute they pass through a vray hemmed in aounted (including Spa.his) and fool troops and bands. At the pa.lace, the courtyard is filled with colorfully dressed Tribesmen who have gathered in Rabat from throughout the Sultan's domain. Arabian horseaen from the hills predominate. They carry there long-snouted muskets and they are dressed in their finery. Again present i� the Sultan's Own Black Lancers, dressed in white, red and green and each of the fine specimens had a silver ring in his right earlobe. Wild and shaggy mountain horses are mixed in the streets with the finest Arabian stock. As General Clark and ether Aaerican officials enter the courtyard to the pa.lace, the band plays the national anthems of the United States, France and Morocco. After passing through the inner courtyard where the Sultan's slaves are lined up, the large group of visitors goes to the Sultan's throne room. The head of all Morocco is dressed in his finest robes and this time he looks like a. real potentate, not like the Jewish merchant he looked like the last time the general visited him. The throne room is beautiful with intricate mosaic work. Seated across the room f�om the visitors are all the Glaouis, Pashas, Caids, Cheriffs and Shieks from throughout the Sultan's realm. They are fat and thin, young and old, almost all bearded. They have fathered in Rabat because of the 11 Mouloud, 11 or anniversary of the birth of Mohammed. This is the great Moslem celebration of the year. �( Nogues speaks first, de vering a greeting to the Sultruit.� It is translated into Arabic by Si Mamzneri, the Su1tan 1 s Chief of Protocol. Colonel Saltzman translates into English. The Sultan then replies that he is glad to receive the visitors and that he is particularly glad to see General Clark again. He says he appreciates the gesture of the top-ranking American general in coming to Rabat and the Arabian festival based on the birth of the prophet Mohammed. The Sultan adds that he hopes the friendship now developing so well between the Arabs and the Americans will continue undiminished after the war and not cease when the American return to their home country. General Clark then expresses his appreciation for the Sultan's remarks and adds that "since the last time I saw your excellency I have travelled far and wide in your territory and I have been much impressed by the excellent feeling between the Americans and the Arabs. The feeling of f'riendship is ever-growing." The Sultan then pays tribute to President Roosevelt in glowing terms. Following this the new Pashas, Caids and other officials are sworn into office in an elaborate· ceremony. A very fat Arab, acting as Master of Ceremonies, and carzying u tremendously long and ornate sword, brings the new officials before the Sultan. They come up baref'ooted, kn.eel before the Sultan, kiss his hand. They then bow and make ro�m for another of the 25 new officials to go through the same little ceremony. Each officials receives a SJ:1all envelope, apparently containing a record of his right to office. After all the officials have gone before the Sultan, he rises from his throne and everyone backs out of the room, bowing--the Arabs low and cermoniously and the Americ�ns, including General Clark, courteously. As the guests again cross the courtyard the bands are playing again. It is raining lightly and when General Clark and his party reach the street, sraall tents have been set up from which the high-ranking officers can watch what is to follow. Genera.ls Clark and Nogues share the same tent. A bomb then goes off and the parade starts. First the new officers--Pashas, Caids, Cheriffs and Shieks-­ file by abreast. Next comes the Sultan, announced by the booming of another bomb, ' mounted on a beautiful white Arabian horse that is led by six men. The saddle and trappings are magnificent. The Sultan is followed by his empty coach, rich with gold gilt and colors, which is drawn by six horses. The Pashas and Caids have lined up in rows and, as the Master of Cememonies flings out a scarf like a college cheer-leader, each of the new officials presents a gift to the Sultan. This is followed by an Arab 11Fantasia11 which is identical to the display of Arab horsemanship that General Clark saw during his recent visit to the Caid near Marrakech. Wave after wave of shouting horsemen, mounted on beautifully groomed and trapped horses, ride at full gallop then attempt to fire their long muskets simultaneously. Two men are badly hurt during the "Fantasia11 as they fall from their racing horses. General Clark and the party then returns to Nogues 1 Residency. There a huge tea is being given for American, French and Arab officials. A native orchestra is playing Moroccan music. There is also a boys' choir. Nogues seems to relish being seen with high-ranking American officers. At 6:15 General Clark leaves the Nogues and, with the armored escort 1 goes to the airfield. As he is preparing to board his C-47 a French plane appears over the field and, since it contains French General Lahoulle, commanding the French Air Force in North Africa, General Clark waits, meets Lahoulie, exchanges greetings and then takes off for Casablanca. At Casa, the General is met by General Wilson who takes him into tovm to inspect two Red Cross clubs that are being opened tonight. The first one, for white troops, is inspected closely by General Clark. A broadcast, over the ABS station, is being �( made and General Clark makes a short talk during which he expresses appreciation for the fine work the American Red Cross is doing. He tells of his long associa­ tion with the American Red Cross in France during the last war and in England, Algeria and Morocco in this one. He pays tribute to Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson who head Red Cross work i n the North African theater. He greats men and officers in the Casablanca region. Btker speakers include.Mr. Stevenson of the Red Cross, Admiral Laury, speaking in behalf of the Navy; General Cannon, speaking in behalf of the Air Corps, and Gener.al Wilson who accepts the club in behalf of the army. From the first club, the group goes to the Liberty Red Cross club, which is primarily for negroes. Virutally the same speeches are made again except that General Cannon announces that "it won't be long before the first colored American fliers--part of the 99th Fighter Group--will arrive in Africa. They will be the first colored pilots in any American theater of war. They are already on their way.11 Cannon's announcement brings loud cheering. A colored sergeant replies in behalf of the enlisted uien saying the club is "our home overseas." Josephine Baker, the colorod torch singer, then entertains. General Clark and his party have not eaten since they left Oujda but, after cleaning up at Villa Mirador, where the party will remain overnight and the villa that Wis Prime Minister Churchill's home during the Roosevelt-Churchill Casablanca conference, they go to the Anfa hotel for an American Red Gross reception. Guests include all the officers who participated in the Red Cross club openings. General Clark remains until almost midnight. Ba.ck at the villa, he finally gets something solid to eat--bacon and eggs--before going to bed. ( * * * CASABI.JI.NCA, MARCH 21, 1943--General Clark puts in a busy day inspecting an d attending good-will functions today. The news from the front is excellent. Prime Minister Churchill, making a speech from London that is concerned primarily with pest-war problems, ad libs in at the end of his speech that the Eighth Arrrry is on the move in Southern Tunisia. American troops, supported by some French Units, are driving eastward from Gafsa and this afternoon they take Station de Sened, half­ way between Gafsa and Maknassy. A double push is now being mad� against Rommel. General Clark visits this morning a twin-unit assembly plant that the Atlantic Base Section has 4stablished. Here American trucks, shipped overseas in pieces, are being assembled. Strangely enough, a majority of the assembly workers a.re Italians who have been released from internment camps in French Morocco o They are friendly and :1.re doing a good job. General Clark expresses his approval to General Wilson of the plan of using civilians and internees on a job of this kind. The Flif'th Army commander then goes to the 6th General Hospital to inspect facilities there. He is shown through the huge medical establishment by the commanding officer, Col. Goethals, a relative of the hero of the Pana.ma Canal construction epic. Next the general inspec ts the dock and warehouse area of Casablanca and then goed aboard the liner Kungsjtolm, which has been reported sunk so many times by the Axist After being received by Captain Anderson and an honor guard, General Clark inspects the ship. He then goes to the home of the U.S. Consul in Casablanca, Mr. Russell, for Sunday dinner 9 Guests include high-rarJdng Arl!IJIJ, NaVY and Diplo­ Da.tic officials. �( that training is being carried on along three lines: l·-physical conditioning; 2--drilling and discipline, and 3--use of the rifle. Some replacement companies arriving from the States include a.s many as 1,000 men. After spenri:ing two to three weeks at the Center, these replacements are dispatched to various under­ strength units. Bad.discrepancies have been found. One man ca.me over from the States after 13 weeks in the Army. And during all that time he had been on nothing but latrine duty. He knew nothing about military organization or how to use a fifle. Approximately 5 1 000 men go through the Training Center evecy three weeks. General Clark is far from pleased on military discipline and general conditions at this camp. Returning to Villa Mirador, the general freshens up a.nd then goes to the home of U.S. Consul Culbert for a small reception and cocktail party. Afterwards, the Fifth Army Commander and a few hther high officers go to the dock area, wait for the Sultan of Morocco and then the entire party goes by cutter to the u.s.s. New York for dinner aboard the huge battleship. The party includes the Sultan, Admiral Laury, General Wilson, Captain Almstead who commands the New York, General Clark, Colonel Saltzman and Mr. Culbert. 'l'he Sultan is accompanied by his Secretary of State C.L. Moki; General Nogues and Si Ma.mmeri. Upon reaching the battleship, the party sees an elaborate and colorful ceremony. The entire ship's compliment is lined up along the ship's rails. In the darkness, the party is piped aboard, a Navy band plays the three national anthems--American, French and Moroccon--beau­ tifully. Smartly dressed American marines are at the head of the gangplank. The sailors are lined in straight rows along the decks. While honors are played, the officers salute and the Sultan, his rich robes flapping lightly in the sea breeze, stands at attention. At the dinner, Captain Almstead sits at the head of the table with the Sultan on his right, Nogues on his left. General Clark sits on the Sultan's right. At the start of the dinner the Sultan speaks in Arabic but before the evening is over he is using French o After dinner the entire party inspects the huge battleship. The Sultan climbs ambly about in his robes. Motion pictures had been planned but since the Sultan must drive back to Rabat tonight they are cancelled. The party leaves the vessel at 10 PM and f'u.11 honors are again pa.id as the tri-racial group goes over the side. Enroute back to shore in the cutter, the Sultan profusely expresses his thanks to General Clark. He professes again in glowing terms " my friendship for the United States." He declares that tonight "has been one of the unforgettable nights of my life. He tells General Clark that one of his great desires is to visit New York and the United States. Just be6Bre the cutter reaches the aockside the Sultan says: "I want to visit the United States when our common effort is crowned with success." This is the first time the Sultan has used the first person plural, bringing in the Moroccens, when referring to the war effort. Bidding the Sultan and Nogues goodbye at the dockside, General Clark return3 to Villa Mirador for the night. * * * CASABLANCA-OUJDA, MARCH 22, 1943--General Clark and his party proceed direct from their villa to the Casablanca airport and take off at 8:45 AM for Oujda. The Fifth Army commander must be in Oujda by 11 AM to attend an air-paratroop show that is being put on for General Gomes and French officer11 in the Oujda region. Gomes flew back to Oujda yesterday from Rabat where he participated in the calls on the Sultan and General Nogues. �( The general's C-47 puts down at Oujdaa± 10:42 AM and the General goes im­ mediately to a field near the airport where the air-paratroop show is to be staged. Generals Gruenther � Gomes are already at the site and General Clark joins them while paratroops explain their weapons, show how parachutes are packed and demonstrate with what equipment a paratrooper juaps. Precisely at 11 AM, 24 fighter planes appear about 4,000 feet overhead. This is the fighter cover the troop transports would have in an actual operation. Next two flights of B-26 bombers come sweeping over the low hills surrounding the field and they mock bomb the edge of the area where the paratroops are to land. Then the C-47 troop carriers appear. They come over the area at about 400 feet and soon the air is almost solid with quick-blooming pprachutes. The paratroopers come down in white chutes, ammunition is. red ones, food in chutes of another color, weapons in a fourth color. The paratroopers, except those de­ tailed to pick up guns and ammunition, lie flat on the ground. Planted charges are detonated at the far edge of the field to simulate enemy fire. Then the fighters come over to theoretically strafe the enemy positions. Some of these planes, that flick by at tremendous speeds over the specta.:tors' heads, fly as low at 15 to 20 feet. The paratroopers then begin advancing toward the theor• etical enemy positions. Gomes and the Frenchmen watch the impressive show closely. General Clark points out items of interest to Gomes. The show io a great success. ( General Clark spends the afternoon catching up on his paper work and getting a. report on action at the front. The Eighth Army has pentetro.ted the Mareth line where it reaches the coast in the vicinity of the salt marshes just east of the town of Mareth. The American troops are advancing steadily east of Gafsa. The lat Armored Division is moving along the road connecting Station de Sened with Makna.ssy. The 1st Infantry Division is moving southeastward, having passed.through El Guettar along the road that leads to Gabes. The situation looks good. In the evening the general has his first large-scale dinner party since coming to Oujda. He gives the dinner in honor of General Gomes and the other guests in­ clude: General and Mme. Beucler; Colonel and Mme. Herckel; Chef.de la Region and .... MJlie Bouyssi; General Gruenther; Colonels Saltzman and Sutherland; and General Gomes two aides--Captil.in Horta (Brazilian) and Lieut. Col. Tibbits (American). A nine-piece orchestra provides dinner music and following dinner the General ha.s a.n American motion picturf'! shown in his villa. * ( * * OUJDA, MARCH 23, 1943-.. Another Fifth A-rrcy- demonstration is put on today for General Gomes as a firing exhibition, involving most U.S. weapons, including a flame thrower, is put on in the hills just south of Oujda. General Clark is ac­ companied to the demonstration by General Gomes and Captain Horta. Weapons from pistols and carbines, up through rifles and machine guns up to three-inch self­ propelled howitzers, are fired. General Cihark personally shows Gomes how to fire some of the smaller weapons and promises to get carbines for the two Brazilian officers. Simulated attacks are made on pillboxes (made of sandbags) with rifle and machine gun fire, with grenades and TNT sticks and finally with the flame thrower. Again Gomes sees a demonstration of U.S. militil.ry might. He follows the entire show, which lasts from 9:30 AM until noon with avid interest. �During the afternoon, the General sticks close to his office. His only out of routine conference is with Major Coster, Americah officer on a committee investigating in Algeria and Morocco the status of political prisoners. General Clark is surprised to learn that this committee--made up of American, British, French and International Red Cross members--is investigating only alien political prisoners. Says the general: 11 ! am surprised that you are not investigating French political prisoners o That is the source of most of our trouble--the criticism being made. How about the friends who helped us land in North Africa1" Coster declares this is not part of his committee's work so General Clark calls Mr. Murphy at Algiers and learns that the machinery has started to mesh on an in­ vestigation concerning prisoners of French nationality. / Coster reports that a large percentage of the alien prisoners in North African detention ca.mps are Spanish Republicans. Their great desire is to get out and fight Franco again. Coster s�s they aren't interested in the war against the Axis. Pri�oners eligible for release after a careful medical and G-2 check are offered four alternatiges: 1-•service with the British Pioneer Corps (labor battalionst; 2--join the French Foreign Legion; 3--underta.ke civilian labor contracts, or, 4--shipment to Mexico. Coster says the Mexican propostion is new but he estimates 50 percent of the Spaniards may accept the four proposition. Many of the Italian and German prisoners (the latter all Jews) join the labor corps. General Clark tells Coster of his visit to the assenbly plant in Casablanca and Coster sees that as a fine outlet for Italian labor. The general says the ultimate plan is to have one American and four Italians working on each vehicle being assembled. There has been some discussion concerning Russian prisoners in detention camps and the u.s.s.R. has decided to send its own in­ vestigating committee. Coster 1 s 8roup makes a minute study o� each case and the most flagrant ones are referred directly to General Giraud. eoster believes a majority of the prisoners will be released. To date two camps in Algiers have been investigated and the committee is now ready to come into Morocco. One difficulty that is bound to arise in Morocco results from a Moroccan committee already investigating. The committee, headed by a woman, reportedly made rash promises of prompt and virtually 100 per cent release. The result of the Coster conference is that General Clark declares he wants to be kept informed on a.11 developments and that when the committee hits a tough spot he wants to help out. 11 I found in Algiers," says General Clark, "that a situation we didn't know existed would suddenly blow up in our faces with bad publicity. We want to know ahead of time what problems we face in regard to political prisoners. We want to know the possible sources of trouble m so we oa.n act before the situation blows up. We have many political problems with Masons, Jews, Lend-Lease. We want all angles of the political situation canvassed thoroughly. We have Nogues pretty well :i:i.n line and he appears ready to do any­ thing we ask." ( ' One of the general's closest friends--Major Nygaard, who was a West Point classaate and who was with the General in England--a.rrives today from the United Kingdom and General Clark spends part of the afternoon with him, conferring and tal:ing a long wal�. The other principal conference of the day includes a dis­ cussion of progress at the Invasion Training Center and the question of control motor movements to the Arzew region. Colonel Kammerer and part of the G-3 section confer with Generals Clark and Gruenther. �·.·�E•CRET =!-.,�.,:.. . n:' 1 •.. ..;•:i'):1i··�:-...�·�-·,·:-:. ;,::\· - , • ;... fi!::r 4u'� :..:. l!.-',4' r1 i �,,.. :r ...-1. t••,;1 - , .· ... :,, i...•••..••• , E�uul$ Briti:;;h MOSt sH"rfl#Jif,µ' · if.ii ;:.,, •' m/1�!1l;,. ; : · • t: . . �'";'\iii.{it . �( The best news of the day comes just before General Clark goes to his villa. in the evening. American troops have taken Maknassy and are pushing ea.st. This puts the forward point in the Central Tunisian line only 34 miles from the Gulf' of Ga.bes. In the southern sector the Germans have counter-att�cked but the Eighth A:rnzy- has held its principle bridgeheads, including the deep penetrated along the coast. General Clark has Nygaard as his dinner guest and the major remains over­ night at the Commanding General's villa. * * * OUJDA-FRITISSA-OUJDA, MARCH 24, 1943--General Clark visits the Engineer Training School at Fritissa, near Guercif', west of Oujda, today and comes away well pleased with the work that has been started at the week and a half old es­ tablisbllent, one of the Fifth Army's man;y training centers. The general's depairture almo3t brings an accident. At 8:30 he goes to the old airport and, despite a strong wind, climbs into the Piper Cub. The wind whips the eaa.11 plane around as it taxis out for the takeoff. As soon as it is a.irborne, the pilot, Ca.ptain Gillespie, and General Clark find the winds are treacherous. The little ship bounces crazily in the up and down draft. They aake ala9st no head�ay. Gillespie, apprehensive at the ship's behavior, recoimends that he return to the field. The Cub slips and slide:; and bumps her way down to the win&-whipped field and lands heavily. General Clark returns to headquarters, then starts the 90-•ile drive to Fritissa by car. The Fifth Army Engineer, Colonel Bowman, has preceded the generru to the Engineer School and he •eets him there. The general watches troops manually clear a field of mines by demolition. He then tours the entire school and re­ :aa.ins for luncheon, as the guest of Lieut. Col. Wyatt, commandant of the echool. General C·lark has this to say about the Engineer School: 11 It needs more equipment and it need3 to expand. A fine start has been made but much remains to be done. All types of engineer training--not just mine instruction--should be carried on. I want to send in whole e11gineer regiments so they can brush up on their tra.ining. The British instructors in mine demolition are doing a fine job. However, I plan to bring back some of our officers frorn the British Mine Schools and use them. All in all, I'• pleased with the school." Remaining at the school until aid-afternoon so he can give it a thorough inspection, Genera.1 Clark does not return to l<'ifth �my headquarters until almost 5:30 PM. In his office he goes quickly over the papers that have piled up during the day. The situation at the front is virtually the same as yesterday. The Americans have thrown up a strong anti-tank defense between Maknassy a.nd G�sa. There are two Fifth Army developaents today: Colonel Beam is announced as the Army's Air Officer and the Artillery Air Observation Post school is activated as Mascara, Algeria, and Lieut. Col. John·D. Salmon is put in charge. After going through his papers, the General goes to his villa. The general receives a very interesting letter today. It is from Hadj El-Ayadi Ben Lachelli, Caid of the Rebamna a.nd the splendid old Arab leader that was host to General Clark at a 11 diffa11 on his rece:q.t trip to Marrakech. The letter is written in beautiful Arabic characters. It shows the feeling of Arab ·1eaders toward the Aaericans. The letter follows: ..,.. SECR:·,:• :. :i':}/�,' ':/ \.\ I' .·1g/·,lriUsh ·MOST : ., /.::' :. �( ( "To His Excellence, the Great General Cl.u-k. I present you with Pty respects, and the expression of my high consider­ ation. I have the honor of in.foraing you that I have received your esteemed letter no. 464 of March 8, 1943, in ,,hich you express your gratitude and that of your honored staff for our dordial reception during your short visit, which filled us with joy. "There is no doubt that the American nation is built up on the noblest elements of all hunanity, and this is the nation which sprang, like a lion, to defend the equality of men and the victory of right against violence and slavery, to defend the menanced .freedom of the world, and to give all the nations liberty, peace and quiet. Your great nation deserves all our admiration and our respect. "The welcome extended to you and to your brave men by my tribe is far :f"ro11 equalling the honor you deserve. The short interval of 24 hours you accorded us before your visit was too brief to allow us to assemble our men, scattered among the distant mountains. All the notables and all the men who, due to circUJ1stances, were unable to see you and to express their affection and their great admiration for the heroes of the war, have insisted that I ask you to honor them with another visit in the Spring, and to beg you to inform them a week beforehand so that they may all gather around you, and render homage to the great defenders of eqU!lity. In this way, our hearts will be united by unbreakable ties. "Your short visit has proved to me your great affection, and t�t our :souls are Wl.ne to agree, and I have the firm conviction that we have been friends since the creation of the world, although we do not speak the same language. An Arab proverb says: "Souls exist eternally and eternally their good or their ba.d in­ clinations subsist.• "I beg of Your Excellence to accept my sincere thanks for your first visit, and also for your esteemed letter expressing your gratitude and that of your heroic men during your passage among us. 11 \Ve pray God to lead you to victory, you and your Armie:a, and to gra.n t peace to mankind. (signed) � l, 2\\ 11 * ,. * * OUJDA, MARCH 25, 1943--Because of frequent trip away from his headquarters, General Clark has been unable to aeet uny new officers arriving for duty with the Fifth Ar� so this morning he greets a large group, 26, of newcomers. After welco•ing them to the Fifth Army and explaining the .u-my 1 s present mission, General Clark cracks into the subject of promotions. I have just received a letter fro11t General Eisenhower concerning promo­ tions, n General Clark declares. "Many of you were rushed over here and you were told back in the States that you would be promoted upon arrival in the theater. There have been too many proaiscuous promotions. Juet because the T.O. calls for a man of a certain rank that is no sign he should have that rank. He must 'fl'Ove himselfl Promotiohs are coming but they are going to be carefully studied and based on merit." 11 Regarding future operations, General Clark grins and looks at his Chief of Sta.ff as he declares: "General Gruenther and I have ants in our pants just like the rest of you. 11 He assures his new officers that they will get an opportunity for action" and cautions them that "this is the time to make ourselves better prepared for the action that is coming." At the close he shakes hands and cha.t:5 briefly with each new man. �T ( The medical situation is discussed with Lieut. Col. Bruce. The general re­ checks the venereal rate and wh�t steps are being taken to hold it down. Then he goes into the problem of malaria. Beginning April 22, each officer and man will take two malaria treatments weekly, taking two tablets on Monday and Thurs­ day nights following supper. These treatments will last until the last Thursday in November. Other precautions--such as use of mosquito bars, avoidance of damp areas, nets and gloves for men on outside night duty--will also be taken. Two general officers visit General Clark in the afternoon. First comes Brigadier General Everett Hughes, Deputy Commander of the North African Theater of Operations, U.S.A. Surprisingly, Hughes does not understv.nd the set-up and responsibilities of the Fifth Army so General Clark explains them to him. He also tells Hughes that there must be greater discipline in NATOUSA. The second caller is Major General Goeffrey Keyes, now commanding the I Armored Corps since General Patton went to the front to ti\ke command of the II Corps. Changes are in the offing. Keyes reports that in all probability the 3rd Division is going to be turned over to the British for use in a predominantely British operation. This will necessitate the shipping of another division to replace the 3rd. General Clark is perturbed because today a report has come in that the Germans have moved four Geru.n SS divisions to the Franco-Spanish border. This report aay be part of a "war of nerves" but every move has to be watched. The 3rd is the greatest strik­ ing force left in the Fifth Army area. ( The Fifth Moroccan Rifles, who have been stationed in Oujda, leave town today. The outfit is going west to be re-fitted with weapons and then go to the front. Ats the regillent aarches by Fifth Army headquarters, an American inf'antry company comes to present arms and about 50 Fifth Army officers, lined up along both sides of the street, slute the Moroccans. At the railroad station, most of the 3rd batt�lion of the l�th Infantry Regiment zsands as an honor gu&.rd for the departing native troops. An Americ..n Army band plays "Old La.ng Syne.11 General Clark himself draws up a slogan for the Fifth Army today. It will be printed as a daily watchword in the daily bulletin. The slogan is "Be Ale�t and Live. 11 In the ev:ening, General Clark has dinner at General Gruenther's villa where Generals Keyes and Hughes are staying overnight. The Fifth Array cozm:nander, suffering from a cold and sore throat, returns to his villa early. * * * OUJDa, MARCH 26, 1943--To keep his officers alert to what is going on at the front, General Clark has been sending Fifth Army specialists to Tunisia to observe the fighting and front-area conditions. Today, four of the officers return and the general schedules a lecture on "Lessons from the Front." This Girls',;School which the Fifth Army has taken over has a perfect location for just such a dis­ cussion--the chemistry lecture room with plenty of blackboard and map space and tiered seats. First Colonel Barker, Fifth Army Chemical Officer, tells of a new bomb that has been developed. He saw it demonst2ated at Biskra. This type is to be used on harbor and sea targets. It ie ma.de from a 55 gallon oil dru.111 to which tail fins from 1,000 pound bombs have been attached. The drum is filled with jellied oil and this co•prises an incendiary oil bomb that will cover 28 to 30 square yards of sea with 10 foot high flames that will burn three to five minutes. It has ·rumi," . . . r.•:-;;t:·�: 11� ·:\\\,.":, . ., . CT :, :�,'\�·1, jfi. ti:r;,8'€>ST I �:1,Rli: �,i.. ,1�;1;1j; ( been determined that harbor bombing is quite ineffective. This oil incendiary would set out the targets and would destroy wooden vessels. IDha flames would pile up to greater heights around vessels. Colonel Barker declares that this new bomb, filled with jellied oil so the fuel won't burn too fast, would be except­ ionally effective in preventing an inva3ion or a withdrawal to sea "such as the Axis might have to attempt in 'l'unisia.11 Crude oil for this bomb is available from Algerian wells. The bombs couchd either be dropped by bombers or topplied out of transport planes . Also, cargo planes could dump the oil on the water and B-25s or similar ships could go over the oil-slick water and drop burning pieces of rubber to ignite the sea. Barker says the bomb might create havoc if dropped in the region of enemy submarine bases. Lieut. Col. Williams of the Fifth .Army Quartermaster Section then explains the supply pro�lem at the front. He declares that the battle in Tunisia might well be termed a 11 Ba.ttle of Supply.u The big supply bottleneck is a.t Tebessa. Principal unloading for the forward area is done at Bone and Philippeville, both of which have limited port capacity and limited rail capacity from the sea to Tebeasa. From Tebessa, everything �s to be trucked forward. Highways in the area. are narrow and twisting but they are being improved. Col. Willia.I1S declares that native labor should be used to the maximum and adds that A.rabs should be handled ca..refully "since they can be either friends or eneniiles. 11 Regarding rations at the front, Col. Williams says that American troops in Central Tunisia have been living on British ttCompo11 rations until the middle of March. A merican rations are now getting in. He says there is plenty of food in the forwii.rd area but he "doubts if it is a balanced ration . 11 ( The Qua.rterm.aster Officer reports that there is plenty of gasoline for cargo vehicles but there is no surplus for c01abat vehicles. One of the faults is that we lack an expeditious method of getting gas from drums to cans. He also says that we should have standard 11 pack11 sets of oil and gas like the British do. There is a shortage in shelter halves but the situation is being i!!proved. Amer­ ican troops, he declares 11 are not as prompt or efficient as they might be11 in salvage operations after combat. He adds also that there should be 11 a. definite control of salvage when it gets to the dWllp.n He says that the Germans are far ahead of us "when it comes to collecting the dead and wounded off the battlefield." He says that thought should be given also to the problem of rounding up the per­ sonal belongings of casualties. Williams brings out a number of points: when an outfit getting ready for battle has its Table of Basic Allowances brought up to standard it would be issued the best, not the worst, equippment on hand; laundry and bath facilities at the front should be increased; the problem of water aupply is going to be increasingly tough as SUllllller approaches; convoy discipline at the front must be better and �t least one out of every four trucks should have .50 caliber :machine gwis 11ounted on it to discoura,ie strafing by airplane:,; our troops should have more training in clearing areas of mines and booby traps. During his discussion of rations, Col. Williams casually mentions that "a battalion of American troops had to be drawn back from the front after six weeks on British rations because of malnutrition. 11 When he has finished speaking, General Clark rises from his front row seat and declares that the British Compo ration is a well-rounded ration and that he knows of no case where it has caused aalnutrition. He int:illa.tes that such 11 ll&lnutrition11 statements as that just made are dangerous and he asks General Blesse, who is a member of the audience, to explain the British ration from a medical point of view. �( General Ble:sse declares that "we have had a lot of our troops on British Comporations and they have thrived well. The ration is ver:y much like our own and troops can get tired of it just like they get tired of our C ration. The Compo is a balanced ration and we know of no malnutritition resulting from it.11 General Clark then ask:s his Quartermaster, Colonel Sullivan, to explain an idea he has for American rations. Sullivan declares that we should eliminate the use of carfiboard boxing for our rations and, like the British, put them in wooden boxes. This would eliminate a lot of breakage and loss of ca.ns. Sullivan also proposes more logical pa.eking of boxes to do av1ay vlith fUJ1bling in the dark in an effort to get out the right cans. Also, if the rations were placed in wooden containers there would be less chance of the wrap�rs, identifying the type of food in the cans, being torn off. ( ( Captain Wilbur of the G-3 section, an expert on Tank Destroyer units, next reports on his observations. Wilbur toured the front line areas and he declares that no longer are American units "being stuck out where they can't be supported." He says that strong groups are being held in reserve to meet thrusts or to sup­ port moves in vital sectors. He reports that he never found a Tank Destroyer battalion 11 being used intact as a battalion" and observes that "they have been broken up into :smaller units contrary to our principle:, of instruction.11 He 1Sqs that American infantry has not had enough training with tanks and "they dread the•." Consequently, they have not aade the most expeditious use of their rocket gurus and grenades. He also reports that there has been no coordination in mine laying and that often our troops don't know where there own mines have beenJaid. Because of mud at the front, motorcycles and amphibious jeeps are useless and they will be until the terrain dries. He declares that Tank Destroyers, if used properly, can stop tanks. He also reports that observations at the front make him certain that there sho�ld be greater cooperation between arms--not so much rivalry between the various branches of service. This feeling of "we are the important A.rm11 leads to a feeling that infantry, arl'lored or other branches can pull a complex operation a.lone. Colonel Edmonson of the Artillery Section then makes his observations. He says that action has proven that tanlcs won't advance under heavy artillery fire. He declares that the use of tanks should be a command decision; that Tank Des­ troyer Ba.ttallions are not designed to "slug it out11 with tanks but must be used deftly and with an element of surprise; that morale at the front is high and that staff cooperation is good. He says that the staffs are having certain difficulties and he outlines them thus: Artillery--having difficulty in getting definite information on the a11ount and types of runmunition on hand; they have trouble finding out what ammunition is enroute; they lack air photographs; G-4-­ everyone muot be more economical with the supplies they have on hand; supply should be based on the demands from front to rear, not rear to front; there is a lack of combat replacements at the front; some guns �e arriving without sights, wreckers without tools, etc.; G-2--there is lack of combat intelligence; recon­ naissance elements do not maintaih constant contact with the enemy; there is no evaluation of combat intelligence below corps; lack of air photographs hampers intelligence work--there has been visual air observation but no photographs; G-3--only complaint is that it is being 11 by pa.ssedrr on so:rne ma.tters and orders in which it is directly concerned; G-1--replacement difficulties with some replacements arriving without weapons and so�e physically unfit included among troops being sent up for front-line duty. �C: C.a:DttT-1 �€'7�;,fQ��·�jt;,J '.' .._ �:� At��jr&i\� mJ�h: )., �.u .). :-:-- 90 ·� ish MOST SECRET { General Clark believes that this "Reports From The Front" will do much toward making his array much more war wise when the time comes for it to enter battle. As time goes on, Fifth Arrsr.r officers will be making observation trips to the front. Information gleaned will be passed to lower commands and also be used to improve courses at the various Fifth Ar'llfY schools now being established. General Juin, head of all French Ground Forces in North Africa and one of the participants in the early discussions at Algiers, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters today while enroute to the west. Juin has been in the front area. Arter an ornate welcome, with a band, two platoons of infantry as an honor guard which General Juin inspects after General Clark meets him at the gate, the French and Americ4'.11 generals go to the Fifth Anny commander's office. Gen­ eral Clark explain:s the mission tre Fifth Arrny has before acmt it and goes into detail concerning the special schools that are being set up. He tells him how he is keeping his staff officers abrea:t of developments at the front. After a brief talk, General Clark takes General Juin to his villa where aperitifs are served before the luncheon party--22 people--goes to the Officers• Mess for a deftly served and formal meal. Immediately after lunch, General Juin departs for Marrakech. Another interesting letter in Arabian is received today. This one is from the Pash;;i. of 'l'iznet. It reads: Glory to the only Godl May he grant his blessings to our Lord and Master Mohamed and to all his brethern. 11 ( "The 6th day of Rabi' in the year 1362 - March the 13th, 1943. "To His Excellency Li•utenant General Mark Clark, Commanding in Chief, the Fifth Army, powerful, creditable, successful, considerable and holy General. 11 Your pleasant letter has just been received with greut joy. This letter and its contents show a deep manifestation of the sympathy which your noble side feels with such benevolence for the cause of Justice and Freedom and particularly for the Mo�occan nation which has forever been bound to this cause by a strong and disinterested tie as well as our Ma�ter by the grace of God, the Sultan of Great Morocco. You have honored ua by visiting us, and the pleasure which you have ex­ pressed has ma.de us feel greater. As to the joy which our hearts feel, it is the same for the happine3s which fluttered in our hearts when we heard the news (of your coming). The day of your visit will remain in our country as a great happiness and as a living symbol for the Armies which, with God's help, will liber�te our mother-country. Thanks to you the hour has come for a democratic ideal under the leadership of the Master and Lord of our lives His Beloved Majesty (the Sultan) who has full power over our souls and our hearts. "Long live At1ericat 1 1 Long live Morocco t 11 Al Fatni Ibn Ahmed (Pa.hsa of Tiznet) nHis Faith is in God. 11 -------- J �iE�REt 1 ( ' • ....I :.":.:,'•• � ·:·, . .' : ,, l,.1i,l\�li 91 M ' ,.; ,·• r • 1 \\.,.'4 .:, 1: ::;1·f.;:�r,•',iufU 1 ;,J· ��i(�'os·t .!�f!f!; The genera.l's plans .for conferring with Lieutenant General Orgaz are taking shape. The meeting will take place early in April. The second has been proposed. General Clark, still bothered by a shore throat, spends the evening at his villa, having a few close friends in for dinner. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 27, 1943--General Clark is keeping a close eye on the Spanish situation and this morning--after having to cancel because of rain a planned Piper Cub flight to Ain Temouchent and the headquarters of the VI Corpsf)-the Fifth Army Commander has his G-2, Colonel Howard, come in with plans that Colonel Hohenthal, U.S. Military Attache in Madrid, has sent down via diplo­ matic pouch. These are the pla.ns that Spa.in would put into e.ffect should Ge:r11any invade the country. The Spanish figure on two defenses. One based on the supposition that the Gerimans would drive for Madrid. The second that they would strike farther north \ and head straight for Portugal. Both plans figure that the Germans would use a combined mechanized-tank-air attack and th.at it would come through the lower northwestern end of the Pyreenes. The Spanish believe they would have sufficient forces to hold the Germans for ten da.ys. At that time they would need assistance from the Allies and that assistance would be in the form of modern �viation. If that aid did not arrive within 15 days after the German attack, the Spanish be­ lieve they would be lost and have to crumble before the Germans. They estimate the Germans would use a force of 20 to 25 divisions and two air armies. The Spanish would rush up about 70,000 •en to meet the first thrust. They have laid out several line3 of defense but the main lines, lines .four and five, would run as follows: Line Four--San Sebastian, Tolosa, Roncensvalles; Line Five--Marquisa­ Pamplona. The Spanish are "!eak on mechanized equipment, anti-tank and anti-air. Then infantry is strong. Their artillery fair. The Spanish would throw about 250 1 000 troops into the main lines of defense. Colonel Howard explains that at the end of 10 days, the Spanish want Allied aviation; at the end of 20 da.ys they would need anti-tank mines, anti-aircraft equipment. "Don't they want any of our troops? 11 •sks General Clark. Colonel Howard shakes his head: "Not according to the plan sent down from Madrid." "Then it is a hopeless situation," replies General Clark. "They must invite us in! What we should do is start making plans jointly. If we don't it would be a badly muddled situation. We'd have to move troops in and without any coordin­ ation, neither the Spanish or ourselves would know what was going on.11 The general, after getting an outline of the Spanish plan, calls in Gen­ eral Gruenther and Colonel Robinson and goes over the Backbone plan that has been checked and re-checked, changed and re-changed so many times because of the movement to the Tunisian front of troops originally included in the Back­ bone plam1ing. Before he sees General Orgaz, General Clark wants to have the plan firmly in mind. Orgaz has proposed April 2 as the date of meeting and he wants to have General Clark and his party to lunch at Touiaat, about 45 miles inside the Spanish Moroccan border. This will give the general and his party an excellent chance to look over the land in at least this part of Spanish Morocco. It is anticipated that the American troop3 would be invited into Spanish Morocco i.f the Germans attacked Spain. �Cr. n C r!T:!:., :�f)Wiri� ��J.��·ti�J{..},f\:i ':�··.;i;;\\):��\ill'i�. ·. ':l'."!:·.s::�:'.�.: .•:·\..:· .� .·�: '.:�\)")_;�;ii';.��� ( ; �ti"�li-" N\'OST --SECRET At the front, things are still going well in the Centr�l and Southern Sectors while the British hold on the north against sporadic Axis att�cks. A sensational development of the day is the shelling of Gabes from the sea by an Allied gunboat and the landing, north of Gabes, of some British commandos. The American Air Force lays of a heavy bombing today on roads between the Mareth line and Gabes. Air reconnaissance indicates that Romnel 1 s force, pounded hard on the Mareth line, is withdrawing northward toward Ga.bes. Truck convoys are strafed and fired. Following long thought on his part, General Clark today places the Fifth Army Tank Destroyer units under control of the Artillery section. He m...kes this move on the basis of reports from the front showing the neecb[ for greater co­ hesion between artillery and tank destroyer. Following luncheon at his villa with General Moran, during which plans are laid for the reception here tomorrow of Maa,or General Olmstead, Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army, General Clark cleans up his paper work and then goes for a. long, soggy walk with Colonel Sulliviill. As the result of his venereal disease conference with Colonel Bruce yesterday, General Clark today sends commendations to Fifth Army units with a low disease rate. They read: 1- I have noted the low weekly venereal rates of your regiment (etc) and wish to commend you and your men for your accomplishment in this regard. 11 2One of my first acts after assuming com mand of the Fifth U.S. Army was to insure the organization. of a forceful, effective program for control of venereal diseases. I consider this of prime importance because of the serious effect these disea:,es have upon the morale and combat efficiency of troop:,. 11 3- I am relying upon you to maintain the al�rtneas you have shown, where­ by you will aid materially in the successful accomplishment of the mission of the Fifth Army. 11 11 The general spends a quiet evening at his villa, having his three aides-­ Major Ball, Captain Houston and Lieutenant Beardwood--in for dinner. * * * OUJDA, MARCH 28, 1943--The forthcoming trip of the Fifth Army Commander to Spanish Morocco to confer with Lieutenant General O rgaz, high commissioner for the country. The { oa.ble confirming the meeting is sent by General Clark to Mr. Childs, U.S. Consul a.t Tangiers. It says: "Designation of Tauima. will be entirely satisfactory •• I:.utollowing will be with me: Major General Gruenther, Colonel Howard, Colonel Saltzman, Lieutenant Bea.rdwood, together with General Gomes, Captain Horta, .members of Brazilian mission who are attached to my headquarters and also one French officer who will probably be Colonel Poydenot who is attached to my headquarters, and .J.so six enli3ted men including one camera man and five drivers. Four ca.rs will be used for trip. Please indicate the point on the border where we are to cross and in­ dicate the hour we are to be there. Indicate also whether we shall be met at border.tt The date, April 2, has been definitely set. The main local development today is the arrival of the Army's Chief Signal Officer, Major General Olmstead. He is met at the ai:port by General Moran and �0, 3 ., • :i-:·u·:1:\.: .,.:::.OCT ·�i:-··t}�fi;;i ;; ,.._ :·)t·:;::�r. i.;,_...:;:'!lljii . �·J�l� . . . ,:&· ;�; ..,: E�al�.:t�f:{����:�}�yp_ST SECR,�!, < • brought to Fifth Arrey Headquarters where a band and two platoons of infantry pay honors. General Olmstead, who is :malting an inspection tour of the North Afrivan theater, then confers with General Clark. After a brief conference with the general, the Arl!IY' s Chief Signal officer inspects :!ignal outfits st;..tioned in Oujda and tours eignal inst&.llations. Aside from the arrival of General Olmstead, this rainy Sunday is all ·routine.Terrific. rains and some hail fall during the afternoon. In the evening, General Clark attends&. party in honor of General Blesse, Fifth Army Megical Officer who is going to Algiers to be head American surgeon for Allied Force Headquarters and Chief Medical Officer of the North African Theater of Opera­ tions, U.S. Army. The general then return� to his villa for a dinner that he gives in honor of General Olmstead and other officers accompanying hia. Fol­ lowing dinner, Generals Clark and Olmstead and the other six dinner guests go to the ]'ifth Army Headquarters theater to see a Signal Corps film showing early events in Algeria and 1'unisia. The films include a shot of General Clark, with Admiral Darlan, General Anderson and Admiral Cunningham. other sequences show a graphic account of a.nearly ba.ttle at the front in which American tanks drove German Panzers out of the Tebourba valley. Biggest development of today on the Tunisian front is the advance of the 34th Division in the northern half. of the Central sector. The division takes Foundouk, about 12 miles southeast of Pichon, and thus J!tra±ghten the line in the Central sector and remove the possibility of a flank attack agijnst the bulge driven eastwa.rd by the 1st Armored Division and the 1st Infantry ijiv­ ision. The 9th Infantry Division has been moved up to Gafsa where it lies aa a ready reserve for use in a.n attack or to help meet a counter-attack. * * * OU.TDA, March 29, 1943--The Mareth line is era.eked todayl Axis forces, the small section of North Africa that they hold growing ever smaller, are with­ drawing northward with the Americans in the central sector putting ever-increasing pressure on their west flank. ( In mid-afternoon, the Fifth Army receives this news: 11 The British Eighth Arny has smashed the Mareth linc •••The whole of the reorganized defenses of the Mareth line are now in our hands. The key �oints of Mareth, Toujane and Matrnata, fell before the weight of General Montgor:tery Is attack yesterday, _just eight days after his all-out assault started. Axis prisoners now total 6,000. The Mareth line was regarded as the strongewt and toughest position that the Germans have held since they were driven out of .1i:l Alamein in Egypt. While one part of the British Eighth Army kept up relentless fJroRtal�pressure, another part was de­ tached to 3weep around and behind the Mareth line. Radio Algiers reported that this outflanking force had reached Hanlll!a; thus leaving a corridor only 16 miles wide through which the Axis forces could retreat northward. This threat, com­ bined with front�l pressure, was appa.rently too much for Axis Commander Rommel. Only nine days ago, Prime Minister Churchill announced 1 The Eighth Array is on the move.• In th&t time, this army, with powerful aid f'rom the Western Desert Air Force, had broken the system of defense wfuich French designer3 said to be virtually impregnable. Further north, General "Blood and Thunder11 Patton is pushing Americ&n troops forward to the coast to shut off fron Arnim, such . ���:;�:.;��$$:f,\O:iT · ·SEC�F�.Ji.ltl IB.i �E� · :,:,t: j�;J!i r�"H:d� Equals �I ._,:;//S,��RET· · -://J�;il ' ( ,w,..,· , I � �;r1'ff t Equ<;Jl.s ·�ri_ti�h i \10ST SEC�E]!;';< ., t. .-..;.,�· ,,,,Y, 1 ,p.:�t:11 !,,;t,,.:'..&r.�,:::. .. , 1 .. ·�_.b•:;:·.��-··;.,� reJlllanes of Rommel's Afrika Korps as may escape General Montgomery's talons. A further advance fron El Guettar towards the port of Gabes is also announced in General Eisenhower's communique today. The Algiers radio, earlier, reported a further advance towards Kairouan and Sousse. 11 Working to instill greater discipline in his army so it will be better pre­ pared when battle comes, Genernl Clark calls a conference this morning oIJ.aihl: unit collIJlrulders in the Oujda area. After Gener&l Gruenther has reviewed the sit­ uation specifically, pointing out cases where drunken soldiers mi.d been treated too leniently and ha� outlined the difficulties that have arisen at the front due to lax disciplinary methods in the rear, General Clark addresses his officers: 11 I see many things here that shov, me that sometimes a disgraceful situation exists. Yesterday I saw two WiPs carrying two druhks down the main street of Oujda.. We are not hell-dodgers. We want good morale. We realize men 11Ust kick up ) a bit once in a while. But, we are not going to stand for drunkenes3 and Boldiers who are slop1,y in appeara.nce and manners. II m sorry to say that nest of the vio­ lations are being made by. the air corps. They have done a lot of flying and a lot combat work. But that doesn't give the� the right to get drunk and shabby when he comes back here. I've flown a lot with the air corps and I know they represent a fine cross-section of high type American men. But they lack disciplinary train­ ing." General Clark then points out that headquarters of the Fifth Army has been making it tough on drunks, docking them two-third of their monthly pay for this violation. ( I am chuged, 11 continues the general, 11 with preparing troops for combat. I am instilling discipline in these men and it will serve the� well when they go to the front. We a.re becoming alert. My standards can't be different than your standards. (The air corps). I want your help. I know we have thrown aur army together fast and that it is taking time to instill nrl.litary consciousness and disi'cipline. We have service units hastily thrown together. We have infantry re­ placements fresh over from the States. We have air corps. I want your help in every possible way so that we can have discipline. This demand for discipline is going to be spread throughout my entire area o.f command and I am going to get the result I desire." 11 Details for the historic trip to Spanish Morocco Friday are being put in final shape. General Clark calls in General Gruenther, Colonel Poydenot o.f the French Mission to the Fifth Army and Colonel Saltzman, the new Chief of Sta.ff, to discuss the mission. Cables from Tangiers show that General Orgaz opposes any large French representa tion and General Clark explains to Colonel Poydenot that this -is primarily an Americun visit to the Spanish but that he will take two Frenchmen along, either Colonel Guillaume and/or Colonel P�tte, both key men under General Nogues, and Colonel Poydenot. The French mission chief says Nogues has declared that General Clark's pending trip is 11� splandid thing." The only objection Nogues sees is, 11 Poydenot says, 11 on the native side. If the Americans met Orgaz alone the Sultan �ight interpret it as some degree o.f en­ dorsement of Spanish claims on E:pe.nch Morocco.11 Interrupts General Cle!.I'k: "'that is wey I am asking you and one other French officer to go. That will demonstrate to Orgaz the solid,arity of the French and Aaericans. This is going to be a small scale and informal meeting." It is d ecided that Poydenot :md Guillouae will ac­ compi..ny the Americans. Equals British \O,'.;T SECRET �Major General Lucian Truscott, now commanding the 3rd Division, arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters in aid--.fternoon. Ge�eral Clark preferx, for the time being, io leave the subject outside this diary. However, the result was that a special letter was prepared for General Eisenhower and that a special plane was set up to fly the letter to Algiers with an officer courier. General Truscott stays overnight at General Clark's villa. * * * OUJDA-PORT AUX POULES-AAZEVl-OUJDA, MARCH JO, 1943--With General Truscott, Brigadier General Maxwell D. Taylor, second in command of the 98th Atborne Infantry which is to arrive in Africa and coue under the Fifth Army soon, and Captain Houston, General Clark goes today tQ his Fifth Army Invasion Training Center on the Mediterranean Coast ju§t east of Oran. After checking important radios arriving overnight, the General and his party go to Oujda airport and take off at 9:45 AM for Oran. The plane lands at La Senia ai¥port at 10:JO und th� party is aet by General Truscott 1 s aide and two cars. Driving to Pourt Aux Poules, General Clark and his party are met by Brig. General 0 1 Daniel, commandant of the school. Gener .. 1.l Clark inspects the Chris­ Craft boat that has been sent to the Invasion Training Center for his use and then tours I. T. C. headquarters. �eneral 0 1 Daniel is luncheon host at his villa to Generals Clark, Truscott and Taylor and Admirals Hewitt, Hall and Kirk, all of the U.S. Navy. ( During'tho afternoon the general sees a demonstr�tioh of training being carried on by this all-importan� school. First he goes to the street fighting area and watches a demon3tration platoon simulate-actual fighting. Live a111r.1un­ ition, grenades and TNI' is used. When the platoon has neutralized a house, it »arks it and moves on to tho next. After the instruction platoon has gone through the drill, a platoon in training goes through the same naneuver, first w:i:lhout ammunition and then with live stuff. Next the general goes to an area where in­ struction is being given in mine clearing. Here, troops are being taught ho� .to dispose of anti�tank and anti-personnel mines o On the beach, part of the 15th Infantry is being acquainted with demolition methods and learning to handle hand and electrical fuses. N�xt, the �eneral watchns troops learning to handle rubber collapsible boats. Si.xteen-man crews take the narrow rubber craft out through the surf, turn them around and race ashore. There is competition between crews, the winning crew being the one that can land its boat, drag it ashore and then race across a finish line. The party next drives to Arzew beach where General Clark inspects an I.ST (landing ship tank). These huge vessels--JOO feet long--ca.n carry 25 tanks. The general also looks over an LCI (l�nding craft infantry) which has small sleeping compartments. It will c&I.I'ry approxioately 230 men. Frorn Arzew, the general drives to La Senia, re-bo�rds his C-53, and flies back.to Oujda, arrivin g at 5:35. In the evening he goes to General Gruenther's villa to a dinner given in honor of the National Co!llf'la.nder of the Ailerican Legion, Roane Waring; Brigadier General William Smith, out of General Marshall's office, and Judge Willfa.m lther­ ton, chairnian of the American Legion's National Defense committee. Waring ha� come to Africa as the guest of the American Army to observe conditions and troops. · . .t·��g���i:;,; ;,. � Equals .·,s,Tt1ih': :J•/,0,ST.'·SECRET . .. �I �b :.,;�!t:,);y::;;,:;·�;./ :.:;:�:���f{;:ut�,· . ,. Eq"fll.s;.;s�m�, ·" 1·1�,ost . · ""·· ( The Eighth Aray re6i.ches Gubes today as Ro1DJ11el 1 13 force continue th�ir flight northw...rdl The Americil.Il and French troops in the Central sector are keeping up continued pressure with the British First Arny' in the North sector holding firm. * * * OUJDA, MARCH .31, 1943--Continuing the Fifth Army 1 s "Lessons from the Front11 serie8 1 Brigadier Gener�l Wilbur, head of the Army's training school system, lecture:s today on tactic<l-1 observations he r.tade while up at Maknassy last week during the II Corpe attack. Wilbur was not interested in any un.tt larger than a battalion. Of the seven days he spent away from headquarters, v7ilbur was in the very front lines two days. He reports that the II Corps "is a different organiz­ ation since Gemeral Patton took over • 11 C ( After reviewing that he saw during the two days he stayed on a hill where three companies of infantry .md some light tan.ks were -.ttacking a Germ.in strong­ hold, General Wilbur l'!l;,lkas these recommend�tions: battalion and company offic�rs should always have runners (lack of a runner made the major col\U1landing the bat­ talion Wilbur attached hinwelf to a casu.uty); all verbal messages should be double-checked for accuracy and repeated to I!B.ke sure there is no change in idea through shifting context; there should be greater use of maneuver and less costly frontal attacks; there should be greater control of fire power on targets rather than willy-nilly firing; more time is needed to organize local attacks; tired troops can be used but unorganized troops are vitually useless; a staff officer from each division should at least visit the battulions CPs so he kno,vs the exact terrain the battalion is fighting over liUld what its particular problems are; all our basic tactical doctrines are sound except th&t which declares that Tank Destroyers should seek and destroy (experience has proven that the TD units must get set in camoflauge and take enemy tanks by surprise); the logistical planning at the front seems satisfactory and there is ample supplies with tho exception of rocket gun iiUMilU.Ilition; many officers are not disciplined to comrJand and let troops get away with practices which they (the officers) know is wrong; our com.bat doctrine is sound but often it is not being employed, it 11 is being talked but not taught; 11 there is no lack of guts 011 the part of American soldiers even though there was timidity at first; there is too much general blasting pro­ ceedure by artillery and not enough concentration on known targets; there must be a be'l:;ter tie-in between artillery and infantI"'Ji we must learn to let soldiers and first aid I:'len take care of the wounded.and officers must concentrate on the operation on hand, not be diverted by concern for fallen officers or enlisted men; the infantry is still "the soul of the army11 and every other branch must do all it can to give support to the doughboy. Wilbur citea many incidents to illustrate his points. General Gruenther declares that more and more opportunities will come for Fifth Army officers to vi:sit the front. Twenty are to be attached to the British Eighth Army, five of them to come from this hea.dqunrters. Seventy five officers and 175 men fro� the I Armored Corps are going to the front to work with the II Armored Division. Officers from the Fifth Army are alco shuttling to the 18th Ar my Group battle school. After declaring that General Clark 11 iei desirous of getting as many of M,s officers and r.ten to the front as possible for battle training, 11 General Gkenther tells of the occupation of Gabes by Allied forces and concludes 0 we are now moving in for the final kill. 11 day. close to his villa all �·\i},i:: ....: ... 1 ,GRET'.· : . '.:_\i.�;i. 91 OUJDA, APRIL 1, 1943--G;,;.�\�1:!�F. ��� 1�f!!'!'spanish Morocco to JROet Lieutenant General Luis Orgaz, high. cor1r.1.issioner and con�.nder-in-chiof of all Spani3h ground-sea-air forces in the region, is buttoned up today. Completing the arrangements, General Clark has Lieutenant Colonel Olivares, Orgaz 1 liaison �n with General Nogues, and the Spanish consul in Oujda, the M�uis of Orellana, into his office for a conference with General Gruenthcr and himself. General Orgaz is going to meet General Clark at the intern�tional bridge northwest of Berkane. The party will then drive to Taouima where part of the Spanish Legion will be reviewed and whore General Orgaz will be luncheon host. Colonel Olivares explains to G�neral Clark the delicate situation between the French and Spanish. It oxist� because Spa.in has not recognized the French North African government that was born following the American-British landing. A3 a prelude to the trip, Colonel Howard, G-2, has prepared a. complete set of docu­ ment for ea.ch officer ma.king the trip. These include frank biographical sketches of the principal Spanish officers th.at General Clark will meet. Tho party will leave Fifth Arny headquarters a.t 9:15 AM tomorrow and T.\eet Orgaz at the border at 11 o 1 clock o Two French and two Brazilian officers will acconpany General Clark. Although he is still suffering from a bad head cold .md a sore throat, General Clark spends most of the day at his office. One of the papers that comes to his desk is an intelligence report that Orga.z pl.ms to bring two matters up during tomorrow's meeting: 1--ahipment of food and clothing to Spanish Morocco, and 2--the question of a. plebiscite on whether or not Oran should be part of Spanish Morocco following the war. Gonenl Clark plans to keep the meeting on a. strictly courtesy call basis. Things continue to go well for us at the front.· Advance units of tho Eighth Arrrry have moved through the Gabes corridor. The Axis is making a defensive stlilld north of the corridor. Apprmrlmately 60 kiloaeters separate the Eighth Aruy and tho United Stato3 1 II Corps. In the evening, General Clark has two of his officers--Colonele Markoe and Sulliva.n--in for dinner. * * * OUJDA-SPANISH MOROCCO-OUJDA, APRIL 2, 1943--General Clark becomes the first A�erican general to enter Spanish soil since the Americ:m landing in Horth Africa today as he makes a primarily diploma.tic call of Lieutenant Goneral Luis Orgaz Yoldi, High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of Spa.ni3h and native forces in Bpanish Morocco. The general 115 party is made up of the Fifth �rn,y Commander, Major General L Gruenther, Colonels Saltzman and Howard and Lieutenant B�ardwood of -the Fifth Arra.y Sta.ff; Brigadier General Hoaea and Captain Horta of Brazil, and Colonels GuillaJUe and Poydsnot, represonting Goneral Noguea. The two Spaniar�s leaving from Oujda with the party a.re Lieutenant Colonel Olivares and the Spani3h consul in Oujda, the Marquis of Orellana. The party hits the border between French and Spanish Morocco exactly at the rendezvous ti?!\e--11 AM. With motorcycle cuscort, General Clark's caravan of five automobiles cro!ses the sluggish, muddy MoulOJ,t:Ya river at the narrow International Bridge. General Orgaz and about 20 of his officers are waiting on the Spanish side of the bridge. Orga.z is aa1ort, fleohy man over whoiil General Clark towers at least a foot. J. �· :1�,·�·t,9,r,::,�f�E�-1-,. �,. ,. .. -. 1t1"::1r�. '.t �,.��IJ' ,;. . ;111?..J >;,, . : ; .\ ,:rH: =-. �;�fr.::.: E'il uols Brilisfi M03t SEC After meeting Gcner�l Orgaz and his officers, General Cl�rk 1 s first nove i.. to review a troop of mounted native troops. As the taJ.l American general and the short �panish g�ncral step side by side past the horsemen, a bugler plays a shrill call. Then the two genera.ls enter General Orgaz 1 car and start for Taouima, about 22 miles north. In the car, General Cl�rk presents Goneral Orgaz with an American carbine. The gun has a silver plate on it saying: 11 To Lieutenant General Luis Orgaz Yolid froi."l Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark.11 As the two general� ride through Spanish Jlforocco, they talk with Colonel Oliva.res acting as inttir­ preter. Spanish, Americ..n, li'rench and Brazilian off'icers ride in the following eight vehicles. General Cls.rk carefully notes the terrain as he rides along. The raad is paved a.nd, for the most piil't, two-way. It winds up a fairly wide valley bhrough almost barren countryside. This is definitely tank country. This, if the eventut.ility ca.mo, would be the C\'mntry through which American forces from o.-.stern Morocco and Western Algeria would move north through the eastern side of Spanish Morocco. Enroute to Taouima, the party passes two Spanish forts, botn very aged. Over them the yellow and red Spanish flag whips in a fresh breeze. In front of them, Spanish troops stand at present arms. The carav�n does not stop. At Taouiiu, the entourage turns into the post of the Spanish Legion. T r oops are lined up on the enb�nkment above the road, in front of the cluster of barr�cks and offices. Beside a large revieuing field, the particular regir.ient of the Spanish Legion that General Clark is to review is lined up for inspection. Getting out of their car, Gener&l.18 Orgaz and Clark, walking in knee dee,p weeds and wild flowers, pass before the stiffly-drawn up troops--first the infantry and lat�r so�e mule-dr�vm anti�aircr�ft and anti-tank. These weapons are of small bore and a bit ancient looking. As the party passes the flags, it salutes. In front of the big Spanish flag in the middle of the regi1nent, the Spanish officers salute thon bow. Gener-.1 Clark salutes. Vlhen the two generals have walked the 100 yurd long route and looked closely at the troops, the party returns to a :monUJ11.ent raised in honor of the Spanish Legion which did a great bulk of the fighting in the Spanish Civil War of 19J6-J9. The Legion suffered tremendous casualties. The smi-.11 oberlisk says: 11 7,665 killed; 28,931 wounded; 4,186 mutilc1.ted. 11 This, :s1.a.ys the inocription und�rneath 11 hc1.s been thti contribution of the Legion l:.o our national crusade••• 11 The officers tll salute the memorial. General Clark and General Orgaz then lead the party acrosn a field to the reviewing stand. Principal officers mount the �t.nd and other officials line up on thegfround to eith�r side. The troops that have just been reviewed fall into line and the review starts. The Legion walks with a peculiar fast and jerky stop, almost twice as fast a step as AmericQn infantry. These troops, made up of about 98 percent Spaniard and totally unlike tho French Foreign Legion which is �.ade up of foreigners, also �arch with their left arms swinging violently, the peak of the awing coming up to their foreheads. Just before each unit reaches the reviewing stand, the com."landillg officer yells: "Viva Espana•••Viva.." Then in shouting chorus the marching 11en shout back: 11 VivaL".Each company is preceded by eight soldierx who spin their guns in their hands and then, upon reaching the reviewing atand, hold them out a.t arl\ts le1igth in their left hands. Following the infantry, made up of young but seasoned soldiers, comes the hufo drawn guns. General Clark watches intently as the troops go by, 5tud7-ing the ec1uipment, the men. He is i.r.1.press�d by the discipline and the appearance of the 3en and tells General Orgaz. Following the review, Colonel Alberto Serrano Mont�ner, conw.�nder of this post of the Spanish Legion. Le�ving the reviewing stand, General Clark is presented to the regiment I 8 pris�tID'S • _; ,;�" Equals British MOST SECR�f �-'J: : : ':.�:.S.E ·.· .. ::.,,;',_:· .. ( ' 'iii;.� 'J�RET"� .. ":,·.·.,,; Equals BriHs�:.,, ..,. . ::/'.' i ., C/°i I ...:-iii 'i �f.iiH'.:;;::..!;�;ir¼:j, r ,uH•, '·. ,, The party then drives up on the buildirig•clus't�ied hill overlooking the par�de ground. To the east, about three milas away over salt marshP-:s, lies 11 Mnr Chica" and then the Mediterranean. General Orga.z leuds the officers to tha, 11ain offices and there a.ppetizer::i a.nd�eritifs are served. General Clark had hoped that a little wine might loosen Orgaz 1 tongue but the Spanish general does not drink. For the �ost part, the two generals speak in generalities. General Clark will be writing General Eisenhower tomorrow giving him his impressions of the visit. Following the �peritif's, the party goes to the most imposing building on the poat and there, in a room demo in Castilian architecture, Genoral Orgaz is host at a delicious luncheon. General Clark sits on General Orgaz right. On General Clark's right is General Juan Y:-.gue Blanco. General Yague is the actual cownander of ground forcez in Sp.mish Morocco. Two Spanish-English interpreters sit directly across the table. The other officers are seated around the outside of the u-shaped table. Following the meal, the party goes into a nearby room for liquers and coffee. After tho Spa.ni�h and Anerican officers have mingled, the officer� of the Legion arrive. A! each fflan comes to the door, he clicks his heels, looks at General Orgaz who is �eatod in the corner with General Clark, and gives the Fascist salute. During the duy, civilians who happen to be around when the party passes, either aflBot or in cars, give the same stiff, right-ar11 salutc Many of the officern whom General Clark �ects today are considered, according to Intelligence reports, pro-German. The exact politicul lemmings of Orgaz are vague. He is reputed to be a Monarchist •. He is credited with having taken so:rae action to curb the en.thusia�m of the Falangists in Morocco. He ap­ parently believes in the army before the party. He is undoubtedly capable of taking an extrenely independent lino, anci were he to do so he would probably securo the support of the builik mf the army in Morocco. It is difficult to say whether, or in what circumstances, he would, in fact, defy the home government. 0 ( The regimental officers rerui.in for about half an hour, mixing to some extent with the Allericans, Brazilians �nd French. Visible evidence cf the beating tho Legion took during the sanguine Spanish Civil War, almost every one of the officers has wound stripes--chcvrons on his left sleeve above the elbow. Some of the officers have as wa.ny as eight wound stripesl Thoy are a wiry, tough looking lot, small of stature and alert eyed. Shortly after the regimental officers leave--and they onco again click their heels and give the Fascist salute as they leave--General Orgaz leads the party outside. The Logion officers are lined up on the �teps. The party re-enters its cars and drive5 back to the border. Once �gain General Clark uses tho ride to re-check the terrain. Back at th• International Bridge, the n�tive horsemen are lined up agQ.in �d once more Generals Clark and Orgaz review the turbaned and gowned soldiers. Then the Generals say goodbye. Orgaz hopes to visit General Clark's headquarters in the future but such a visit will depends on many factors. Because of French-Spanish political rel..tionships, General Orgaz 11.ight have to coue into French Morocco 11 unofficially. 11 Tho only oth•r Aaorican attending today'o historic 11eeting is J. Rives Child3, charge d 1 a.ffairs at the U.S. Legatiov in Tangiers. The party has no sooner got back on French Moroccan soil than the motor caravan round� a corner and runs into about four companies of native Go'Ul'lls. Gener�l Clark gets out of his car and walks down tho rond past the colorful troops in their flowing robe:1, turbans ..nd s.J.ndals. They carry long rifles with SECRET 1 .,,/;� ,·· .. ;i :. . ..u,: • Equals Brili...h MOST SECRET r' �160 ( Eq thin, sharp bayonets. There is also �bout a phtoon of horsenen, mounted on wiry animals. After walking past·the troops, the General nounts the bank of a road cut and the Gouns march by. Each company wears a different colored turban so it can be distinguished from the others. R�aching headquarters at 6 PM, General Clark, after chocking his office, goes to his villa. In the evening he attends a farewell dinner at General Gruenther r s for Brigadier General �om.es of Brazil w..,o is starting his flight home tomorrow. The Braziliiill general has made a fine impression. Two days ago a Brazilian military mission arrived at Fifth Ar�y headquarters and the four officers--two air corps and tuo army--will remain in the North African theater for some tiiae. * * * OUJDA, �PRIL 3, 1943--Goneral Clark writes a long letter of review today to General Bisenhower and in it he covers a multitude of subjects, including his reactions to the trip to Spanish Morocco and future plans for the Fifth Army. Parts of the letter follow: Dear Ike: 11 Your letter of March 29th hars been received ••• I know )ow busy you are, so have not presoed you on the subject of your visit here, but please know how much we want you to cone and what a lift it will be to us to have you look over our cor.rr:iand set-up. "You will never know what it meant to 11e to have you tell me in your letter th�t 1 the day of the Fifth Arrzy is coming.' You need have no fear that we are not devoting eve�J ounce of our energy and every minute of our tiJao to developing a coJMJand organization which will be capable of oeeting any situation uhich you can present to us. "I appreciate your fe,•ling that we are diving :i.nto our job to the best of our ability, for we are doing just that. I h�ve been to our Mino Train­ ing Centor, and it is developing rapidly, and on its second group of stud­ Rents. I flev1 with Truscott last m,ek to the Fifth ArrJ.Y Invasion Training Center whtei-e I met with admirals Hewitt, Hall ..rid Connally. We are all in cor1plete cooperfa.tion and agrel'!ment as to method� to be purnued there. You nrust appreciate th&t I arn .in somewhat of a delicate situation with regards to tlri.3 invasion training; for not having the responsibility of execution of any part of this operation, I must giv.c to �ubordinate com· anders who do have this responsibility every opportunity to influence this training. I have done this, to the complete satisfaction of Truscott. In other words, vie make the facilitie:.. a.vailable, shot, them by der�onstration the variou� means that arc available for doing a cortain job and then let them soJ:ect the scheme of uaneuver for their mission. Incidentally, we .are not stopping when we land th(; troops on the beach, but are pursuing their da.y and night training to fit the• to complete th8ir mis3ion ashore. 11 I flew to Casablanca and visited the Replacement Depot there. I havo ta.ken m9n from my he�dquarters �nd plac�d them at oach of these replacement depots. We ...re in complet� coo�"$ration with tho baGcs, and no friction will develop due to this divided responsibility where I have the training and they have the admiristr..i.tion. I will fly to both of these depots again in tho inr:edit1.te futurti, in orden: to .:..gain see that tht: tridning of these replacements fo the type that will toughen the� and will make them cap�ble of taking their places in combat. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, February 26 - April 2, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from February 26 to April 2, 1943. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/826 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/16a8e71117b72be1dcbaa892319beffd.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=RM9ohaAUqE-IH6fnq5JUZB3Fvw%7EtJYA31uVqZr4yCgbgiugxw8PVUOy0TAaChD73UNsiXMe5qWQfQJQoMGJgSjkn2QDAsPWnx07EoUwgOjada6lET-IZJu6d-gTgBCy5wgkwbZAKtAqHwkJpRWDFPVL331RCzDxFntMZ5T-NGVueCqZUpJEGn9vQf0oVKloAAkYfJxILl6hFN5cTAlcBf8DoX1Q0BCr0NYnIsEyZE67VTNtPNdpiRH7WmTXfswoSF1pm5Vcf197A627MijsFq7gAIspJ0QFJ43TcW7Euk4vkqyKSVxcplKxYmbsRcMNCnJNsiktVAQBarvHZAYAUKA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fe57cdea4c866f2ee444aa24698f9cc5 PDF Text Text 160 THE CITADEL . Eq ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM ( thin, sharp bayonets. There is also �bout a phtoon of horsenen, mounted on wiry animals. After walking past·the troops, the General nounts the bank of a road cut and the Gouns march by. Each company wears a different colored turban so it can be distinguished from the others. R�aching headquarters at 6 PM, General Clark, after chocking his office, goes to his villa. In the evening he attends a farewell dinner at General Gruenther r s for Brigadier General �om.es of Brazil w..,o is starting his flight home tomorrow. The Braziliiill general has made a fine impression. Two days ago a Brazilian military mission arrived at Fifth Ar�y headquarters and the four officers--two air corps and tuo army--will remain in the North African theater for some tiiae. * * * OUJDA, �PRIL 3, 1943--Goneral Clark writes a long letter of review today to General Bisenhower and in it he covers a multitude of subjects, including his reactions to the trip to Spanish Morocco and future plans for the Fifth Army. Parts of the letter follow: Dear Ike: 11 Your letter of March 29th hars been received ••• I know )ow busy you are, so have not presoed you on the subject of your visit here, but please know how much we want you to cone and what a lift it will be to us to have you look over our cor.rr:iand set-up. "You will never know what it meant to 11e to have you tell me in your letter th�t 1 the day of the Fifth Arrzy is coming.' You need have no fear that we are not devoting eve�J ounce of our energy and every minute of our tiJao to developing a coJMJand organization which will be capable of oeeting any situation uhich you can present to us. "I appreciate your fe,•ling that we are diving :i.nto our job to the best of our ability, for we are doing just that. I h�ve been to our Mino Train­ ing Centor, and it is developing rapidly, and on its second group of stud­ Rents. I flev1 with Truscott last m,ek to the Fifth ArrJ.Y Invasion Training Center whtei-e I met with admirals Hewitt, Hall ..rid Connally. We are all in cor1plete cooperfa.tion and agrel'!ment as to method� to be purnued there. You nrust appreciate th&t I arn .in somewhat of a delicate situation with regards to tlri.3 invasion training; for not having the responsibility of execution of any part of this operation, I must giv.c to �ubordinate com· anders who do have this responsibility every opportunity to influence this training. I have done this, to the complete satisfaction of Truscott. In other words, vie make the facilitie:.. a.vailable, shot, them by der�onstration the variou� means that arc available for doing a cortain job and then let them soJ:ect the scheme of uaneuver for their mission. Incidentally, we .are not stopping when we land th(; troops on the beach, but are pursuing their da.y and night training to fit the• to complete th8ir mis3ion ashore. 11 I flew to Casablanca and visited the Replacement Depot there. I havo ta.ken m9n from my he�dquarters �nd plac�d them at oach of these replacement depots. We ...re in complet� coo�"$ration with tho baGcs, and no friction will develop due to this divided responsibility where I have the training and they have the admiristr..i.tion. I will fly to both of these depots again in tho inr:edit1.te futurti, in orden: to .:..gain see that tht: tridning of these replacements fo the type that will toughen the� and will make them cap�ble of taking their places in combat. C ��,,�/ii ,;. ·:.;,v 1.. Co1 ( )01 d fti� r:f1fs�}M�_ ". 'I\ ·tii�:-ti, tif.]r]W. .. The Fifth Army Airborne Training Center is in operation. The conu::i�nd set-up with regards to the air is somewhat complicated, but we hope to get that straight�ned out soon. N�edless to say, the one parachute b�t­ talion which we now have aVJailable to us is jumping regularly, both day and night, und doing good work. 11 My visit to a. town south of Melilla yenterday with General Orgaz was highly successful. Most cordial rolationo resulted, and the hospitality which they showed us was very fine. I took General Gones, the Brazilian General, along. I have rendered a radio report covering my conversation with hi:st (Orgaz) and am supplementing th�t with a compleito written report to you. I was quite careful, on my first visit, not to bring up subjectu which might cause embarra.:!sment. I did get, as I have reported, the de­ • finite impression that he does not think the Germa.�5 will invade Spain-­ that the Spanish would resist, and under such conditiona the Ger11.ans would not be successful. The opportunity did not pre5ent itself to question hirn farther as to his personal attitude towards us in the event of a German • invasion. I can do that, probably, when ho comes here, as he hopes to. In thi:. connection, he is not sure th&.t his governmmt will let him cor.1e, but he thinks he cun make informal nrrangemen�s to drop down and see me. I did geit a fine opportunity to inspedt the terrain al:most to Melilla, for it has been that approach which has worried me. There is quite a wide valley leading up ther�, and, if we had the means, I feel v;e could accor.1plish our mission. "I •• ewill look forward to keeping you posted on Fifth Army activities. I had just written you this letter when you phoned this r.10rning. I ,1ill communicate with Q(eorge (Lieutenant General Pa tton) in order to find an appropriate time for JH to come up und spend a few days vlith him. (At the front.) Will also take it up with Bedell (General Smith), in order that ha can arrange for my short visit with Porter, in ordor to meet Alexander ••• 11 11 < General Gomes and his aide, Captain Horta, depart from Fifth Army Head­ quart•rs today, thus compl�ting the first of many visits to the North African theater of �aey L�tin Al1.erican Arm.y, Navy and Air officials. Gomes leaves a Brlii.zilian mission behind. The next group to arrive will be Mexicans. In the afternoon, M&jor Gene�al Bro,ming, head of British airborne units, and Brigadier General Nevins, former Fifth Army G-.3 who is now in Algiers on a special planning mission, arrive at Fifth Army headqua�ters. They will confer with General Clark tomorrow. * ) I * * ._p�IL OUJDA-PORT SAIDIA-OUJDA, �- 4, 19a3--I\iroad details of the next najor operation in the North African theator--a sea and air invasion of Sicily--are rocorded in this diary for the first time today. This is to be the next move after Tunisia is cleared. It is the r.aatter tha t was agrued on during the Roo3e­ v�lt-Churchill meeting in Casablanca; it is the operation for which th� Third Division is now in training and for which General Hidgeway 15 Airbonne Division will tizain when it arrives in the theater. The Fifth Army is assisting in the training of th19se units but the Fifth Army, directly, vrill have no connection • with the operation. It will take place about six weeks after tho Tunisian cam­ paign ends. Then, most of the troops now in tlte forward area, will be dra:vm back to the Fifth Army area and troops here moved up for the Sicilian push-off. I: ~: [Cl1t:t!c .... S MOST 1.1;::~3;ij, . ~i Briti~h .s· n: e ~.~ . !;;•: �Eq r,·, 1�.�.., ·,ECRET:··:,.: · '>1ir" ,: •· I Dd.. qf,sh ... f.,\OST SECRET A British Airborne divfo 1f'f.:!i,; �lso going to be used in this operation o.nd Gener<i.l Browning :..nd Air Con!:!odor� Norman of the Royal Air Forde confer tM� �orning with General Clark concnrning where und how it will train. The Britishers will train @.t Nouvion, east of Drgn bat still in the Fifth Arey a.rea. General Clark pronisGs thut the Fifth Arny will make accornodations and facilities avail­ able to the BritiGh. other British ground troops will p..irticipatc in the Sicilian o�rt..tion but they will not get their final training in the Fifth Army area. Use of American troop carrying planes by both Gener�l Ridgeway 1 s Americ&n division and General Browning's British Division ,rill be pl-.nned by the Fifth Army. Gen­ eral Clark outlines a plan whereby this liaison will be carriod on with Colonel Bea11, Fifth Army Air Officer. So the airborne troops can beco�s fal'ililiar ,,ith be�ch terrain and tie in cooperation with amphibious forces, they will also work in conjunction with the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center at Arzew. General Clark also suggests that air crews be trained for close ground-air support work. Tho German invasion of Crete war& a picnic compared with thi:s, 11 s.i.ys General Browning. "W• can expect terrific re�istance. It will take six weeks to rehabil­ itate the Tunisian ports so ground troops can ahove off after the Axis is driven out of Tunisia. During that tin• the Italians and Ger11a.ns will be solidifying the:f:tr Sicilfa,n defenses. What do you think, candidly, a.tout the optiration, General? tt 11 .. General Clark rpplies that it appears to him that tho risk, coupared to the gain the Allios would make, doesn't appoar to be worth it. "We would accomplish auch more, 11 says General Clark, 1tif vrc concentrated this attack on the Bre�t peninsula. One thing is certain, to Vlin we h..i.ve to croa21 the chann•l. Cfhis is going to be Q.Il expensive operQtion. When it is acconplinhsd, we still have wator to cro�s to get to Italy. Main reason for tho 8icily invasion seems to be ,o r,e can have complete control of the Mediter�m,aill. Vlhen we get Tunisia, we will have control of the Mcditt,rrane:..n. But the PriJ!le Minister seems bent on taking Sicily." Th• Fifth Army Coimander declares that the 11.ost crucial tirao will coMe when the shift of troops to and fro� Tunisia occurs. Thia period, the general adds, would be the perfect time for the Germans to go into Spain. Troops would be on the move out of the Fifth Arny area and tho troops at tho front would not yet be back h�ro. General Clark tolls General Browning that both Governor General Mason MacFarlans of G�br�ltar and he feel that Briti�h G-2ing on th6 Spanish-German situation is "too opti11istic. 1t Gener.i.l Browning say::; h• fe-els the sarae way. 11 Tho illplications of a Ger!lan move into Sp..in are tremendous,•r say:s Gener.i.l Clark. 11 It looks like the perfect opportunity and I'n sure the Germans are not blind to it. It's just a question of �hether they are going to try and concentrate on cracking the Rus3ians. They probably could invade Spain successfully with 20 divisions. Nontan rc•arks that if the Germans could get th8 co�st of Spain they could add new and closer bases from \Yhich to operate their a.lroady harrassing submarines. The United Kingdom and United States supp+y lines to Africa would havfl to bo lengthened. Genftral Clark reruu-ks that Spain is scared of Corununism and General Browning declares he believes any German move into &pain would be preceded by a 11 Cormun­ istic incident11 that the Germans would use as a pretence for ntoving in. General Clark, on tho basis of hio visit to Orgaz, says he believes 11 Sp:..nish l\lorocco probably would do what it was told.11 He adde that during the training period, the ARerican and Briti�h troops in the Fifth Army area should be ready to act on prepared Backbone plans. Laughing, Gener.11 Clark relitilks: "We hav e plans A to Equ als f British N\OST SECRET �L0-3 {r z. Plan Z calls for Genertl Gruenther .i.nd 11e to go in .vith our bare handst 11 Tho status of the British Airborno division in relationship to the Fifth Army while it is in tho Fifth 1 s training area corne3 up and it will be clarified. G;neral Drowning r�marks that he has boen impressed by discipline �hile around Fifth Aray headqu�rters. He says th• alertness and s�luting of troops around General Cl�krs he�dquarters i� euperb. He agrees that salutiug teaches a soldier to bo observ&nt and alert and that it savee many, ro�ny lives in action. Following the lsngthy interview with General Clark, the two British officers and General Novins, Gonoral Clark 1 s old G-3 who i3 now G-3 of 11 Force 141, 11 the Sicili�� invasion planning group, depc..rt for Algiere. Nevins says the planning force at Algiers reminds hin of the day3 in Norfolk House, London, when 11 Torch11 • was boing planned. At 10:45 AM Gen•r-.1 Clark goe:, to the clubhouse of the Foyer Franco-Alli,, a pro-Uni ted N�tion3 group that has been fonted in r�cent weeks. Virtually nll of Oujda has gathered at the Foyer's headquarters. Tho grounds outside are packed when General Clark a.rrivtts. After being a.ppla.uded by the crov1d, he is greeted by French and Arabian officials. Then, as the 17th F.A. (American) band pl�ys the various national anthems, th8 flags of the United States, Brazil, Britain, Holland, Morocco and France, are raised. Following this, M. Lecomte, president of the Foyer Franco-Alli�, delivers �n address in which he calls for • • unity of all Frenchmen to help defeat 11 the hateful boche. 11 Genoral Cl�rk then speaks exter.tporaneously. After he has cracked out e�ch crisp sentence over the public address system, Lieut. Col. Sutherland, Fifth Army Liaison Officer, tr.nslates it into French. The gen�ral praisen the aim of the Foyer, he thanks the people of Oujda for thoir kindness to the Ailericans. The Fronchmcn cheer and re-cheer a.s tho General concludes his brief talk by declaring: 11The day i:s corning when the American army, in conjunction with other en, including th French, will·march into your beloved country to free France from our hated ene:r:•,yi 11 The general then tours the clubhou:se which v,ill bo open to Frf·nch ;md American soldiers. He talks with the Pasha of Oujda, the Chef de la Region and other officials. He poses for photogr�phs with children. Upon hin return to headquarters, Gener�l Clark is asked kiddingly by General Gruenthcr if he "kissed any of the children. 11 R$plies the General: 11 If thb!y w :mt J'l\c to be a politician, I'll be a politiciant 11 In the afternoon, the General drives to Saidi&. where the Fifth Arrry rest cup is being erected. Beach houses are being ·taken over and the camp is sched­ ul<td to be ready for occup.;i.ncy by April 15. After dinnor at Gener...1 Gruenther' s vill-., General Clark drops down to the Foyer clubhouse. A dance for enlisted men and officers is undorw-.y and the clubhoul'So is extremely crowded. After m�king a brief appearance, the general returns to his villa. * * j �.... fi:�:�/·: ... S �C_�;�lill;J\���;ij��b> Equals Bri}i�h A�O:;T ·� SEO<l::T \ OUJ.Db., APRIL 5, 1943--Pla.ns for setting up another F'ifth Arr1y Training School-this one for Field Officers--aro cry3ttllized today. The school, which will be under Brigadier Gener.. \'dlbur, will provide specitlized training in la.t�st tactics d to officers of th• rank of major or higher. Tho prograIt will �tross fitness for col'Uland, an officer attribute th"'t has boen found lacking both in rear and forn...rd areas. General Clark's only special visitor of the day is Brig�dior General Lange, second-in-cormw.nd of the 36th Infantry Division which is 1500n to con:• to the North African tho.ter. Tiith Generul Clark, General Lango discussez bivouacing of th• divi�ion. It will cofte under the VI Corp3 and an area is to be found for it 80?�•­ whor� in the Sidi Bel Abbos rogion, betweon Tl•mcen and Or�n. L�ng• is to go to VI Corps h.e�dquarters toaorrow to discuss arrival of the J6th Division with Gen­ oral Dawley. The goneral's day is quite routine. HC, :spends a gr•at deal of the d-.y in his office going over inco�ing and outgoing radiogras. One of his bigger conferences includes Gener�l Grucnth�r and Colonels KalilI!leror '1.11d Vincent, tho latter two G-J and G-4, respectively. It ia also decided today that Fifth Aray troops will ch�ng• frol'l wool to cotton unifoms on May 1. It is getting much wanter now· and the dayl!I are lengthening. ( At 5:00 PM, General Clark has th• Pash:.i. of Oujda to his houioo for t•a. A fow ztrlf officers attend tho informal party. Gen•ral Cl.rk than spends th� evening at his villa alone. * * * OUJDA-AIN 'l'EMOUCHENT-OUJDA, APRIL 6, 1943--Following a. morning devoted to pa.per work nnd conferences, General Clark flies in his Piper Cub in the aft�rnoon to Ain Temouchent, headquarters of General Danley's VI Corps, one of the Fifth Army Corps. With Generals Dawley and Lange, General Clark discusses reception of the 36th • division, which will be part of the VI Corps, in the Fifth Army area and its move­ ment to the Tlencen region where it will be biv�uaced. General Clark reP12.ins at VI Corps headquarters most of the afternoon, returning to his Fifth Aray head­ quarters in the late afternoon. After going through the papers that have accumu­ lated during his brief abaencc--and each day sees papers cascading into tho gen­ erals office: radios, promotions, training memorti.Ilduss to be approved, school programs to be approved, courts marshal cases, personal correspondence--the gen­ eral goes to his villa.. Since Gabes was ta.ken, things on the front are rAOI'e or less quiet as the British, Anericans and French prepare for the next push. In the north, Gepero.1 Anderson's First Ary i:!l keeping constant pressure on Von Arnir�' s forces. Al\er­ II ican forces in front of Maknassey are now very close to units of Montgomery's Eighth Army and a meeting is expected soon. Rommel is leaving his path of re­ treat strewn with mines and booby tro.ps that hinder the British advance. ( * * Equals British MOST SECRET * �(65 Eq bd OUJD;�, 1�.PRIL 7 1 1943--Genera.l Clark spends a diversified day today. He begins it by addressing about 20 new Fifth Arny officers who have arrived at ha:..dqua.rters within the pa.st two weeks. Once again he outlines the scope of the Fifth , rmy's current .,.,ork and a(3sures them that the Fifth Army will see uc:gion. He pounds into the� the need for alertness and discipline. Following this, he confers rrith Colonel Mickelwaite, his Judge Advocate Gener�l, concerning pending courts marsh�l cases� One concerns one of the guard! on the general's v;illa whoa the general found asleep on his post. Testimony con­ cerning the case is taken in the general's office. He will testify later at the court 1u1.rshall An "American Expeditionary Force" radio station is being opened in Oujda. tomorrow and today Gen�ral Clark makes a speech transcription that will be broad­ dast at the station's o�ning. Following is the Gen�ral 1 s speech: .. ( \ 11 It is u pleasure to be here and to speRk on the opening progra.n of this new American radio station in North Africa. While the station is primarily intended for the benefit of Americans who are stationed in this vicinity, I cannot help but feel that it will &lso be a source of amusement, pleasure and infor�ation for four North African friends and allies, particularly those, of whom there seen to be a good :aany, who have an understanding of the English language. Such persons· will be interested in Americ�n news, and in AMerican songs and hunor. Others who do not understand English will enjoy the broadcastine of m.usic, for there is no language barrier to hinder its enjoyt.1ent. In these and other ways this nevi station • will serve to bring about a closer understa,nding by our friends in North Africa, of All!.erica, and Americqns. Of equal importance will be the opportunity of our • own soldiers to eojoy American programs. Next to a letter from home I do not know any better morale builder.for an American soldier than a good American radio pro­ gram. While it lasts, the miles between us and the scenes ,,e know and love so well seem to be bridged, and we feel ourselves b-ick at hone, listening to the farailiar voices or music of our favorites coming over the air. Lnd so it is for the mutual enjoyment of soldiers and civilians alike in this area that I wish this sb.tion the best of luck in its undertakings. 11And noTI, men of the Fifth Arr.,y who are tr.tining for battle, IJty remaining remarks �re addressed directly to you. News ha.� co�e to us in the past few days of important successes in Tunisia. News will col'!e of greater victories there. These victories will be won, for the most part, by men �chooled and hardened b� fighting. The lessons they have learned by hard and bitter experience enables them to prevail a.ga.inst a rugged enemy. Much of what they have learned, you can learn ., you must learn, before you meet the test of battle. The time when that test must be met is rapidly drawing closer. These very victories by our coarades in arms in Tunisia are paving the way for your entry into combat.· "Modern \farfare calls for soldi�rs Yfho are rigidly disciplined, vrho are self reliwit. An alert soldier is an alive soldier. A dull one is a dead one. In war, as it is fought today, there are only the quick and the dead. 11 Vfc must be ALERT at all times. Our day of victory is coming, and one of the prime factors in that victory will be our ability to think fast on our feet--to be alert at tll times. Victory depends to a large extent on your ability to be alert. This is the slogan we �,re pounding home each day to the Fifth Arny: BE ALERT. Through alertness and discipline, vre will achieve victory." , '�;i'1Ni!i�; �ij��fi]�,i "':(\fffH�1� 1 1 :'·· Echrai'; . 8;ifj:g��.:rf�\t5Sf li�CREi �IO~ ( Shortly before noon, Captain Barney Fawkes, skipper of the British submarine mother ship "Maidstone," arrives at Fifth Aniy headqU1trters with three suba,1.rine officers and 13 enlisted men. General Clark has invited Fawkes and his men down for a brief visit. The other officers and men are off British submarines that are operating in the Mediterranean. Genertl Clark meets Captain Fawkes and his party at the entrance to Fifth An!ly headquarters and the group marches out in front of the band and two platoons of in:Cii.ntry. After the British and Americah national • anthems have been played, Captain Fawkes, accompD.nied by General Clark, inspects the guard company. Than, following conversation in the general's office, Captain Fawkes and Mrs. Dicksom, ,,ho accompanied hi.Jl doffll from Algiers in the general I s C-47, go to the general's villa for luncheon. In the afternoon, General Clark ta.lees Captain Fawkes on a tour of Fifth Army installations in the Oujda region. General Clark spends the late afternoon making final arrangements for a trip tomorrow to Oran where he will Tlelcone a. group of high Turkish officials who are touring the North African theater. General Eisenhower has conmlissioned General Cl.grk to �ct as the group's host while the Turks are in the Fifth Arr.y area. In the evening, General Clark attends a dinner a.t the 52nd Station hospital and then goes to a dance that the Fifth Aray medical section and the hospital gives in honor of Colonel Martin, the new Fifth Arny surgeon who has succe�ded General Blesse who has been transferred to Algiers. * * ( * OUJDA-ORAN-OUJDA, APRIL 8, 1943--Genere.l Clark, accotipanied by Major Ball, departs from Oujda imhis troop transport plane at 1&0:45 AM for La Senia airport, Oran, and his meetin� with the Turkish d�legation that is visiting North Africa. grriving at Oran a.t 11:30, Gener&l Clark is aet by General Larkin, comr,1anding general of NATOUSA, and Colonel Lea.vey, co11L1anding officer of the Mediterranean Base Section. General Clark inspects a guard of honor composed of military police who guard the L a Senia airdromo. Review music is furnished by the 515th Field Artillery band. At noon, two planes carrying the Turkish i�ission arrive at La ... Senia and the visiting Turks are greeted by Generals Clark and Larkin and Colonel Leavey. Th� Turkish mission consists of General Omurtak, Lieutenant General Noyan, • Major General Menque and twelve other Turkish officers of lesser rank. Honors are rendered General OJaurtak and he inspects the guard. T he entire party then drives into Oran with General! Clark, Omurta.k and Larkin riding in the leli.d car. Following luncheon in the Officers' r.aess at the Grand Hotel, the Turkish •i�sion starts a.� inspection tour of the Mediterranean Base section. General Larkin a.�d Colonel Leavey conduct the tour. His Jdssion of greeting the Turkish group com­ pleted, General Clark, a.cconpa.nied by Colonel Sutherland, Fifth Army Liaison officer, and Major Ball, inspects the First Replacer.1ent Training Depot, an establishl'lent that is suprevised by the Fifth Arny. Colonel Johnson, riding a. motorcycle, leads the Fifth Aray conm1ander through the region. A conference with Colonel J. W. Loef, Cooonanding Officer, and Lieut. Col. Lee, executive of.ricer of the depot, follows. During this lleeting, General Clark stresses the "unsatisfactory" condition of ... troops arriving at the replaceRents depots. At the$e depots, from which men are • assigned to units in North Africa that need replaceaents, training emphasis is placed on military discipline, rifle and bayonet drill ruid calisthenics o �,{,,,,�>·--SEiREf ·. :· : :· J r. ,· E�uals British MOST SECRET l �{61 r). :::'.. ,·:· .� • now:p��f�b��:r1 C T The First Replacement fe o J,_£� � and 261 officers in training. Eventual capacity of the depot will be about 4,000 officers and men. The course at the depot takes about three weeks to complete. Instructionx is carried on by casual officers passing through the depot. They are assisted and supervised by officers on the peI"lla.nent depot staff. Colonel Jolmson, former Provost Marsh�l of the Fifth Amy, is the training officer. Colonel Loef observes that the troops arriving from the Sti..tes for action in Africa 11 are below par" on basic military knowledge and physical fitness. From� technical standpoints, he adds, they a.re "satisfactorily" trained. General Clark has been concerned a.bout the working relationship between Colonel Johnson and Loef who have equal r�nk. He finds that they are working in coaplete accord, with Johnson handline the • training progru, Loef the administration of the camp. After driving around the depot and w�tching troops participating in gruelling runs over a four-�ile train­ ing course, General Clark drives back to La Senia and takes off in his C-Lif!-,. The plane arrives back at Oujda shortly after 5:00 PM and the General goestto his office to clean up paper work before going to his villa to have dinner with two old classmates, Colonels Sullivan and Markee. At 7:30 PM he hears the broadcast of his speech over the hew U.S. AmAy radio station in Oujdn. General Clark receives a letter from General Eisenhower that says in part: ;I hav� been fighting ay schedule each week in an effort to get down to see you at le�st for the day. I know that you a.re jumping into the jobs that have been given you with both feet, and I am particularly anxious tha} you never forget their importance. Also, please don't forget that the day of the Fifth Army is coming. This war is not going to be won until we are in the heart of Europe, and the Fifth Array is going to be in that organization just as sure as fate. The h'1rd and onerous work you :a.re doing now lacks the excitement of tha!h that the:i Americ9.Il Commander on the front is doing but, unlike the Arny Co!llJT\anders at ho�e, you do have the feeling tha� the work you're doing is going to be reflected in immediate improvement on the battlefront and, moreover, that you and yom· staff are going to get your crack in due course ••• 11 11 •• , * * * OUJDA, APRIL 9, 1943--General Clark, getting r�ady to take his Fifth Army • headquarters into the field on a 48-hour Cor.nnand Post Exercise, has a terrifically busy day today. He's in his office shortly ofter 8:00 AM and conference follows conference throughout the morning. First comes Colonel Lillard, an anti-aircraft officer fresh from the States who is being assigned to the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center at Arzew. General Clark outlines to him what he expects and stresses that what is taught to the Jrd Division, now in tra.ining there, is going to be used soon in the invasion of Sicily. How well these men are taught at the Fifth Army school will deteI'lll.ine, to a large extent, their success when they invade. The 3rd has already participated in one invasion, having landed as part of the Western Task Force in the North African operation last November. General Clark then spends an hour with Wes Gallagher, Associated Press war Correspondent, who is currently writing a book on how the North African campaign was planned. Gallagher has obtained most of his planning details and his inter­ view with General Clark revolves principally around how the g�nerul worked Darlan, Giraud and Nogues into a cooperative team. Next comes Colonel Bowman, Fifth ArtAy Eng:i.neer, who is being put into service at Algiers. BoWlllan is to be succeeded by "btfdRET I ,ui: ·(jritish . A\OST · SGCRET ,,:,,, . , .• :· , �1:, 't S·E.CREf • \. I 08 /:.British t/\OST SECRET " now, has b�en Bowrian 1 s executive officer. The Colonel Mark Boatner, who, next conference is with Colonel Mickelwaite and it concerns court raarshal pro­ ceedings that are pending. As part of his program to make the Fifth Arrny the best disciplined group in the United States Arm.y, Genezal Clark is following a stern policy in handling courts mushal cases. Between these special conferences he has, General Clark sandwiches in routine meetinge with his Chief of Staff and heads of his secdions and special staffs. In between tmes he works on the papers that con­ tinually pile up in his "in" basket. In the afternoon, General Clark gets out of his office long enough to clear his ea.rs from paper work o He hikes in the hills near OuJda with Major Nygaard. When he returns, three major generals in Africa fro� the United States arrive. These generals--Lucas, commanding the III Corps; Hall, comr1anding the XI Corps, and Simps6n, co:cmanding the XII Corps--confer lengthily with General Clark who outlines to thea the probler,1s of the Fifth A-my, its responsibilities. He .i.lso tells the generals of his recent trip to Spanish r.'orocco and of the political problems,-::.a.s VTell as the military, that are being faced in North Africa. At 6:00 PM, the General is host to four Brazilian officers comprising� �pecial mission that is in North Africa and that has been making its headquarters te11porarily with the Fifth Ar•y. These officers--two air corps and two ground force-11.re going to the front on inspection and General Clark gives them n farcv1ell party. About 30 officers, including Generals Lucas, Hall and Sillpson, attend the party and then remain over at the general's villa for dinner. Gnneral Lucas is General Clark's overnight guest. * * OUJDli.-TLEMCEN, APRIL 10, 1943--I3efore dawn today, trucks gro\Tl into the Fifth Afu!y grounds and begin loading section equipment for the CPX that will be held • today, tol'lorrow and part of Monday four miles east of Tler.1cen .. The first convoy moves out at 7 AM. General Clark's section, under Lieutenant Beardwood, �oves out independently on tho 65-mile motor r.iarch with equipment .for the cor�o.nding g�neral�e field headquarters. General Clark, who is to fly up in his Piper Cub, remains at headquarters to dispose of several matters before h� eoe� into the field • .t..t 10:00 AM, a review is held in honor of the three visiting Corps generals, particularly General Hall, since he used to be Second in Command of the Jrd Division and the Fifth Army guard company is out of tho 30th Infantry Regir.lent of the .3rd Div'sion. Upon his arrival at the Cor.�roand Post in mid-afternoon, General Clark, with his Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, nake a thorough inspection, checking on camoflauge, slit trenches, dispersion of tents, etc. Befor� landing, General Clerk flies low sever�l tiraes over the CP area to check the ca.moflauge fro� the air. He is plr.ased vdth the result. After checking over the camp, General Clark goes to G-2 and G-3 to check the tuctic�l �ituation o The thworetical situation is that the enemy has landed in Algeria. and is moving westward. The Fifth Army has ., after neg­ otiating with the French who are friendly, has established its CP near Tlemcen. The clash between the enemy and the Fifth Army is imminent. The two Fifth Army Corps--the IIand the VI--tte involved in the proble�, the VI Corps staff actually op�rating and the II Corps on paper only. The II Corps is on the North and the VI on the South. The tactical problem started at noon today and will conclude Monday 11orning. British MOST SECRET �r B _•i: i· .. Q ' ~ 109 SECREl f ... General Clark then inspects the outlying units around the CP. First he goes to Conpany B of the 30th Ini'untry which is the GP guard company. From the captain coI&IJ.anding he learns the disposition of troops and guns. Then, riding in � �eep, he goes to the CP motor park which is cleverly hidden in a sand a.rid gravel pit. • The improvement of ca.moflauge over that at the last CPX is irapressive. Gener�l Clark then prepares to fly to the VI Corps CP near Sidi Bel Abbes but finding that time is short he cancols the trip until tor.rnrrow. Following dinner at the general's mess, a small, well-cll.lloflauged tent stuck on the rocky hillside, General Clark, after conferring with Colonel Poydenot, French liaison officer who visits the CPX in latex afternoon, gets in his jeep again and goes into Tlero.cen to take a close look at the t01m. The only U.S. units now in Tleracen a.re the 32nd Station Hospital and a tank destroyer battalion. The ' general then returns to his blackout caap and, to the explosions of blocks of TNT set off to simulate artillery fire, goes to sleep. * * * l TLEMCEN-SIDI BEL ABBES-OUJDA, APRIL 11 1 1943--Sfax, the next big Tunisian toVin on the road up the coast from Gabes to 'l'unis, falls to the British. at 8:25 • AM today. This is the big news of the day as General Clark works to smooth out hi3 Comr.a.nd Post's operations and uncover "bugsn that would ca.use trouble when the Fifth Ar my moves into the field under actual ba.ttle conditJ.ons. The news reaches ca.mp soon after General Clark takes off in his Piper Cub at 8:30 AM for Sidi Bel Abbes. After flying to the VI Corps command post, General Clark toure the area where General Dawley's staff is working in a grove of trees. He is impressed by th� cantoflauge, dispersion and the business-like attitude of the Corps officers v,ho are now receiving various CPX orders from. the Fifth Arnty comraand post. He confers lengthily with General Dawley and then flies back to his own OP at Tleacen. Circling the area, he shouts down over his snm 11 loudspeaker .. • system that if nothing i� pending he is going to fly into Ou.jct.a so Colonel Saltz� man, the Fifth Ar111.y Deputy Chief of Staff, can fly up to the corrunand post. General Gruenther signals froa the ground that all is Yfell. and General Clark's little plane drones away on the one hour flj_ght to Oujda. Back at his regular Fifth Aray headquarters, General Clark checks over.work that !us piled up during his 24 hours absence. He is to Ma.k6 a trip to the Tunisian front within the next few days and he begins laying the groundwork for this trip. • Th$ Fifth Army Commander, unable to get back to the CP by airplane following Col. Saltzman's return, renw.ins overnight at his villa, planning to take off early tomorrow for the command post. He receives reports that the ext";rcise is proceeding­ smoothly. * * * OUJDA-TLEMCEN-OUJDA, APRIL 1�, 1943•-Imnediately after breakfast, General Clark leaves in his Piper Cub for the corlllland post at Tle�cen. At 5:45 this morn­ ing, the Fifth Army ''attacked" the theoretical enemy, thus bringing the problem to a close. General Clark's plane barely beats a rolling fog into Tlemcen. Before surprised officers and enlisted men, the General has his pilot, Captain Gillespie, put the little ship down in a narrow, dust7 and curving road right in front of the Array's field headqtlkrters. .. ��,f@ r.r . ·:R.... ,.' �· .. , tr ·\L,, '.. ' \; • 110 )Ii /:\';.\?... E r'i'tish /v\OST SECRET While fog curls around the hills, Fifth Arrty officers assel'\ble on a hillside to hear a crit!que of their l�test command post exercise. Colonel r�nuaerer, G-3 of the Fifth li:rr&y, gives a revi�w of the development of the tactical situation, declaring that''this CPX was designed to test tactical rioves and adr:.1inistrative pro­ ceedure. The proble!l was designed to find weaknesses in the Standard Operating Proceedure and to give sections another chance to refine their work and cut out extra. iteiils that they find cUJtbersome in field work. He cofflillents on the iraprovenent over the last CPX of cQJJ.loflauge, road discipline und cooperation in the field be­ tween the various special and st&ff sections. General Dawley and part of his VI Corps staff has come over from Sidi Bel Abbes for the critique and General Dawley reviews the tactical situation as far as his Corps is concerned. Th� �ain point he brings out is that &t CPX's, there is a tendency to employ "optirr.urt values," that is everything in the tactical sit• u�tion is predicated on op�rations coing into effect in the least possible time. Dawley points out that undor condit1ons of actual war this would not occur. ( General Clark, in his evaluation of the critique, points out thut to �eet the proper conditions and "optiuum value" criticisll, the tactical situation should start ahead of the tir,o 1 a couple of days before the CP is moved into the field. • In that way, the situation vrould be ripe, by the tine the CP had been operating for 48 hour3, to launch an attack on the scale planned for the Fifth Army pushoff :.i.t 5;45 this rnorning. General Clark announces that the next CPX will involve a move­ ment to the co�mand post area and setting up of the field headquarters at night. On this particular problem, sc..ys Qeneral Clark returning to the subject of "optil!tum v�lues," we pushed thinge through and I 1Il, sure tho Fifth Army attack, under actual condition�, could not have got underway this �orning. We would have needed �ore tilue to pr pare for the offensive. This was primarily a tactical and logistical proble• to test our ability to plan and our ability to move. The VI Corps gave us our first opportunity to work with a subordinate unit and the Corps did a good job o 11 In these field problems we have an opportunity to .find out where we are making mista.kes, 11 the general continues. 11And we can't afford to make the same mistakes over and over again. We r.rust dig our slit trenches deeper. We must make our camoflauge better. We aust tightf"ln up on our discipline o We l.'lust improve con­ stantly o Things that may :Jee?! 1.nconsequential here--sa.y the dt'"pth of slit trt"nches-­ may raea..'rl the difference between life and denth when �ve go into battle. These ex­ ercises give you a chance to find out your 1'istakes Hhen you correct tht"m. You may not be alive to remedy a nistake once you get into battle. I know all of you \vill be thankful when you can eet into combat. Don't worry. That day is coming." The first big truck convoya have alread:t started moving back tb.rough the twisting r10untain roads to Oujda by the time the critique ends. General Clark crawls into his Piper Cub and takes off under hazardous take-off conditions while his officers watch from the hillside. The fog has thinned und visibility is suf­ ficient for the takeoff. The 11eneral flies buck to Fifth A.ray headquarters at 6ujda and i.rrniediately plung,--s into th� work that has again piled up during his brief absence. He is busy preparing for two things: his iruninent trip to the front, now scheduled to beein the d:...y after tomorrow, and the arrival here to:n,orrow of Lieut. Gen. Mason Mncfarlane, governor general of Gibraltar. In the ev�ning, General Clark has r.irs. Vlilliarn Stevenson of the A.11.erican Red Cross at his villa for dinner. * * SECRET ��Errn::r ,�·1.. ,;;:;;r;.:d;,:, •1· ..,Q •i:''.... IlI �- �"'" EqijJ�l�1:\::British /v\OST SECRET OUJDA, APRIL 13, 1943--Both Kairouan and Sousse fall to Allied troops todeyas the Ger1aans and Italia.ns retreat northeast�ard.The Axis toehold on North Afric� grows snt.aller and smn.ller. Many prisoners of war are being taken by the Am.erica.rw and British but Rownel has been able to druw back� great deal of hi5 equipment without it being captured. Kairouian, reportedly, was left afire by the withdrawing troops. ( General Clark makes final arrangements today for his trip to the front. He will le�ve Oujda. tomorrow morning in time to reuch Maison BlQ.Ilche airport at Algiers by 11 AM.He will be net there by Major General Smitp and then continue on to Constan­ tine where he Vfill Itcet General Alexander, General Eisenhower's Deputy Cormander and head of the 18th Army Group. General Clark will be accompanied by Colonel Le\"lis and one of his aides, Captain Houston.During the morning, the Fifth Army Comrnander clears up his desk work and then in the afternoon he drives to Sa.idia to make a final checkup on the Fifth AnAy rest ca11p resort that is to open up on April 15. In mid-afternoon he testifies briefly at the trial of th� soldier who was found asleep at his post b�side the general's villa. At 6:30 PM, General Mason Macfarlane o.nd tvro of his officers arrive at Oujda and go directly to the general's villa for dinner. The general's dinner gu�sts c'..re Generals rt.ason· Macfarlane und Gruenther and. Major Quayle and Captain Woodford, tha • ., governor general's aides. Mason-Macfarlane remains overnight at General Clark's villa. He is sched11led to take off tomorrow shortly after General Clark's plane departs for Maison Dlanche o * * * Tlda is the order that is issued that sends General Clark to the front: • AG 300.4-AP ' SUBJF.CT: TRAVEL ORDIBS TO : LT GEN MARK W. CLARK, 0-5309, USA, Hq Fifth Army. Col THiMAS E. LEWIS, 0-150aO, FA, Hq Fifth Army. • CAPT REAGAN HOUSTON III, 0-402185, ADC, Hq Fifth Army. Pursuant to verbal instructions C-in-C AFHQ yeu will proceed to Head­ quarters 18th An,ry Group, and otaer points in North Africa as directed, e/a 14 April 1943 in connection with tne activities. Travel by mil a/c is autll. - TDN. FD 34 P 434-02 A 0425-23. By Command of Lieutenant General Clark. " L * * CHENEY L. BERTHOLF, Celonel, A.G. D., Adjutant General. * SECRET �l /� ' Equ9ls Briiish A\OST SEC· T ( t.•.:y;;'",:•.;;/ . Ou.ida-Ora.n-Algiers-Telergma.-D.i, Kouif, April "14, 1943. General Clark finally has a chance today to get away for a visit to the front which he has been desiring for some time. He leaves from Oujda in his C-47 at 0923, accompanied by Colonel Lewis, Artillery Officer, Captain Houston, Aide-de-Camp, and Sergeant Chaney, orderly. General Moran, Signal Officer, is taken as far as La Senia. From La Senia, the plane f01101,s along the coast, due partially to the fact that the weather is bad and also giving GenP,ral Clerk a cha.nee to take a look at the house at Cherchel where he made his land­ in� from the submarine before the occupation of North Africa. ( Plane lands at Maison Blanche at 1200 and is met by �·ajor General Smith, Chief of Staff, Allied Force Headquarters, and Major General Bull, who is on duty with Allied Force Headquarters doing special as­ signments for the Commander-in-Chief. General Clark and rarty are taken to the new Visitors' Restaurant at the field, where a quick lunch is served. Here he has a chance to discuss certain matters · with Generals Smith and Bull, particularly the problem of replacement training. General Smith gives General Clark a sheet of written in­ structions for the trip from there east to the front. Arrangements . were made by General Craig, Air Officer, AFHQ, to provide that a fighter escort be picked up at Telergma. The pursuit ship is to ac­ company the C-47 to its destination for the night at Dj. Kouif, about 15 miles northeast of Tebessa. The instructions provide thPt General Clark's plane is to circle the landing field at Telergma, fire two red flares and the escort will take off to accompany the plane on the rest of the journey. General Clark and party take off at 1300 for Telergma. The wea­ ther has cleared up soJ11ewhat, but there are scattered thunder showers. Due to the fact that the plane is unarmed, the pilot flies at about 500 feet as a safety precaution against being picked up by enemy air­ craft. The plane arrives over Telergma at approximately 1407, fires two red flares and then circles the field for Pbout 15 minutes. No escort appears, so it is decided to land to find out what the trouble is. Upon landing, it is discovered thRt the escort, a P-38, had trouble starting one o� its motors but is now ready to rroceed. Gene­ ral Clark again takes off at 1437, and the C-47 heads for the airport at Dj. Kouif. The pilot flies even lower now that he appro8ches nearer the bases of enemy air, while the P-38 dips lazily from side to side overhead trying to hold its speed do1m to thPt of the slower C-47. Dj. Kouif is reached without further incident, and it is found that the airfield is little more than strajght runway on the side of the hill. The plane is landed and the party is J11et by trans­ portation from General Porter's headquarters. ( The bagp;age is loaded, and the sedan and jeep, with General Clark and party, proceed to General Porter's headqUBrters located in a pine forest about ten miles east, near Haidra. On arrjving, it is found ·:.SEC�e1· !; -1\\i\.t.,,. Bril'ish A\03T SECRET I �l l3 E that General Eisenhower had arrived during the afternoon and is now in conference with General Alexander a.t the 18th Army Group head­ -quarters, locBted in the same forest, about three miles a,1ay. Gene­ ral Clark proceeds irranedia.tely, with Colonel B;:icon, General Porter's Executive Officer, to 18th Army Group headquarters but meets the C-in-C returning. They all return to General rorter's headquarters: The C-in-C, General Clark, General Patton, General Bradley ;:;nd Gene­ ral Porter. General Patton formally hands over the commPnd of the II Corps to General Bradley and departs. Patton is going west to reassUPJ.e coJTJmand of the I Armored Corps. General Bradley takes a walk through the bivouac area with the C-in-C, discussing certain matters and shortly thereafter also departs. General Spaatz arrives ann talks with the C-in-C and General Clark. The question of air support comes up, and General Clark makes the statement that "air support, as expressed by our doctrjnes and teachings, is unlrnown in the American Army.u The air support people, Genera.1 Kuter and Coning­ ham desire to have further talks with General Clark on this subject. ) General Ryder, Commanding General of the 34th Division, arrives at about 2000. General Clark has a lon� talk with him regarding the performance of the 34th Division in combat, which to date has not been good. General Ryder expresses the thought thRt his division has become too defensive minded and is prone to dig in at the slightest stop and is reluctant to leave their slit trenches for an advance. General Porter mak�s an engagement with General Alexander to see General Clark at 0900 on the following morning. * * ·* Dj, Kouif-Morsott-Clairfontaine-D.i. Kouif, April 15, 194,3. The C-in-C and party leaves General Porter's headquarters at 0700. General Clark gives instructions for all of his party's bag�ge to be packed rnd to proceed with him to the headquarters of the 18th Army Group so that he will be able to leave his conference with General Alexander for a vi­ sit to the 1st Division and other points which he may decide upon later. General Alexander meets General Clark in his command trailer at 0900. General Alexander expresses his fervent desire to have one army-American, British and French. General Alexander says that he, feels that General Clark could use one or two British Divisions in case of trouble in the western portion of North Africa and that he is . going to take the matter up with the C-in-C. General Clark says that if this is done, there will be a need for a couple of British Staff O-Pficers on the Fifth Army Staff to facilitate the command of the Bri­ tish Division, or Divisions, which will be placed under his command. General Alexander agrees and makes a note to see the C-in-C regarding this a.nd assures General Clark that he v1ill give him some top-notch men. �� ....�ECRET \"..�\ '1' .• l E ijqir;. BrHish MOST SfC.J� .. :• \ ��)fiCRET· r· ', • E ;.I'. ·,: \ I Lf ·ritish /'/\OST SECR General Clark then expresses a desire to see General Montgomery at his headquarters, and General Alexander assures him that he would be only too glad to arrange for General Clark to meke the trip to General Montgomery's headquarters. A cable is immediately dispatched to General Montgomery requesting a time which would be convenient for General Clark's visit. At 1000 General Clark attends the regular morning situation con­ ference at 18th Army Group. Upon its conclusion et 1020, General Clark decides that, in view of the fact that no word has been re­ ceived from General Montgomery 1 s headquarters, he will delay his trip to Eighth Army for one day to give time for the necessary arrange­ ments to be made •. Captain Clark, General Alexander 1 s aide, is to complete the'arrangements so that General Clark will be able to leave first thing Friday morning for a field in the vicinity of Eighth Army headquarters. General Clark then decides to leave for 1st Division CP, which is located near Morsott, north of Tebessa, and if time per­ mits, to proceed from there to the 18th Army Battle School at Clair­ fontaine. ( The 1st Division CP, at a small vil;Lage outsid'e of Morsott, is reached at 1237. General Allen is not at the CP, but his aide says he will make arrangements for General Clark to meet General Allen at the training battalion rieht after lunch. General Clark, Colonel Lewis and Captain Houston have lunch at the headquarters mess with Brigadier General Andrus, Artillery Comm::inder, and a few other mem­ bers of the 1st Division Staff. General Andrus discusses the fine performance of the Division .artillery in recent action �nd laments the recent cut in the number of men in an artillery battery T/0, which was recently made by the Nar Department. He feels that the present requirements of 24 hours' firing is too great to allow the cut in personnel. General Clark leaves 1st Division CP at 1320 with Clairfontaine as the objective. He misses General Atlen, IThom he was supposed to meet on the road. On the road to Clairfontaine a nUMber of Italian prisoners are passed in labor gangs along the" way, all of v1hom give the car a great ovation and do not seem to have h�d their spirits broken by capture. The Battle School is reached at about 1530, and it is found that General Alexander has reached there alrea<ly and is witnessing a demonstration in. probing for m�nes with bayonets. From there, General Alexander, General Clark and party proceed to a hill a short distance away to witness a dempnstration of an attack by British Demonstration Platoon on a pillbox. General Alexander egain ex­ presses his great oelight in seeing the American, British and French students working together. and reiterated his ?eat desire to have one Army. The demonstration w as ably carried 011t, with the use of i:t .;:,-·SECRET tt(d�1� British MOST SECREi ) �- 11:> smoke from the British 2 inch mortar and later supplemented by the infantry with the American smoke grenade. General Clark notes the better bearing and neatness of the British students at the school. Immediately following this demonstration, General Alexander leaves for his headqua rters and General Clark follows, returning to Gene­ ral Porter's CP for supper and to spend the night. Captain Houston and the crew of General Clark's plane go over to the 18th Army Group headquarters to be briefed on the next morning's trip to Eighth Army. They are informed that the landing field at El Djem, south of Sousse, has been cleared of mines 8nd will be the best place to land. Due to the operationHl requirements on rursuit air­ craft, and, also the recent lack of German air activity in that area, it is decided that General Clark's· plane will proceed without ·escort. - Cables are sent to General Alexander's camp at Bembla, for transportation, and to the field at El Djem, giving General Clark's arrival time at Djem as 0930 Friday, April 16. * * * Dj. Kouif-El Djem-Sousse-At the Front-El Djem-Dj. Kouif, April 16. �. General Clark takes off from Dj. Kouif Field at 0830. The C-47 flies by way of Kasserine Pass and Sbeitla. Plane is flown at an altitude of 500 feet and less for security reasons. This gives a good view· of the scenes of recent bit.ter fighting. The landscape is still dotted with .the bivouacs of American troops who.have not yet been moved from these areas. From time to time the wreckage of charred tanks, half-tracks and trucks with an occasional crashed airplane are seen along the way. The great mass of vehicle tracks and dug-in implacements give mute evidence to the recent heavy fighting. The pilot is careful to keep the plane at a safe dis­ tance from all roads as the ground troops h8ve itching fingers on their anti-aircraft weapons. El Djem is reached at 0935, and it.is discovered that there \ are two fields, which information had not bePrn given the pilots the \ night before •. The larg�st of the two is picked and a landing made at about 0940. Jo trRnsportation appears and upon investigation throuf;h t he field headquarters, it is found thRt none has arrived at the other Djem field either. The British flying officers are very cordial and the Co!'lll"land­ ing Officer �urnishes a British staff car for General Clark to pro­ ceed to General Montgomery's headquarters. It is decided that the luggage will have to be left at the plnne and General Clark proceeds northward in search of General Montgomery's headquarters. The coastal road is filled with trucks o� the 4th Indian Divi­ sion headed north towards Sousse. The traffic is not a.s heavy as that encountered later in the day and good pro.rsress is made. �� . S.ECRET,. 11\--'· { \' \ I� ,- , •; BriHsh N10ST SECR' I Comparatively few destroyed vehicles are noted A.long the sides of the roads and the road itself is in excellent condition showing little evidence of bombing. Some bridges are out which appears to be the work of the enemy demolition crews. No enemy air is in sight and an occasional British fighter plane patrols alongside the road. It is soon found on jnquiry that General Montgomery's tactical headquarters is a.short distance south of Sousse. All soldiers questioned are well informed as to the situation and as to the location of various units ancl headquarters of the Eighth Army. C General Montgomery's headquarters is reached about seven miles southwest of.Sousse at 1130 hours. General Montgomery's aide in­ forms General Clark that Genera.l Montgomery had left nbout 15 mi­ nutes before to attend the con f'erence at one of his corps head­ quarters. The message announcing General Clark's arrivcil had not ·been received until 0830 that morning and thet transportation had been dispatched as soon as possible to Djem to take General Clark to Eighth Army main headquarters locPted about 20 mil�s southeast of Sousse. General Montgomery's aide and a Lt. Colonel Oswald of General Montgomery's staff expressed keen regrets that the mix-up had occurred. ·General Clark decides to take the st8.ff car, which had carrie.d him fro.m the field, north into Sousse and then forward into the front elements of Eighth Army. Colonel Oswald informs General Clark.t hat there would be little trouble and that a good view of the German Enfidaville positions could be obtained from high ground a short distance to the south of that town. General Clark leaves a message of greetings for General Mont­ gomery from the American Fifth Army and proceeds northward to Sousse. As the town is approached, the traffic congestion becomes greater but a short distance out the convoys are detoured around the tov.'11 and it is rossible to proceed into the town on a compara­ tively clear road. It is discovered on reaching the town th8t the whole center portion has been surrounded by barbed wire barriers and is Off Limits to both soldiers and civilians. Upon passing the barrier it is easily understood why this action was taken. Every buildinf around the small harbor had been either destroyed, partially destroyed, or damaged to such ?n extent thnt it was un­ inhabitable. General Clark clnd party get out of the staff car and make a survey of the harbor. The destruction has been comrleted rartially by air attack and ra.rtially by demolition on the re.rt of' the enemy. Ships were sunk and overturned. Loading cranes de­ stroyed and warehouses badly damaged. It wcis a sight indicative of .the terrific fighting and destruction which h8S been taking place on the Tunisian front. After a short tour of the city, the coast road is again reached and Ge�cral Clerk proceeds northTiard. The amount of traffic has diminished sor'eWhflt and js mostly vehi­ cles of the Jew Zealand Division which constitutes the forward elements of the Eighth Army along the coast sector. l I �SECRET ( 1 I r'J ·-=quals. British 1Y\OST SECRET Frequent inquiries are made as the car rroceed·s along as to the distance to the front lines and intelligent answers are almost invDrfa.bly received. All agree that Enfidaville is in Germen hands or at least has not been occupied by troops of the Eighth Army. After proceeding to within 15 kilom�ters of Enfidaville, th� sup­ ply and real elements of the �fow Zealand Division are seen along­ side the road and a short distance further the artillery is passed. Finally, 9 kilometers from Enfidaville a hi�h point in the road is reached, and the town itself lies below across a wide flat valley. General Clark decides to le1we the vehicle and proceed on foot a short distance across the ridge to where some infantry are dug in. ) By inquiry as to ,1here the front lines n0'7 Are, it is learned that aside from patrols, the front infantry companies are along the \ ridge· on which General Clark is standing. Stout resistance had · \ been received the day before from enemy elements in the town of Enfidaville. The company commander, a New Zealander, told of his attempts to Maneuver his companv around tlie town with the hope of cuttin� off the road behind leadine north. About the sare time, six tank carriers with their tanks had rroceeded down the road tov,ard Enfidaville and had been destroyed by the enemy artillery. He 11.lso rather jokinr;ly referred to a news correspondent who had thAt morn�ng nonchAlantly rlriven his jeep into the town of Enfida­ ville and had not returned. The battalion comnander then cornes up cind gives orders to the company COT'!l11ander �s to movements �hich are to take place later in the day. It is getting late and General Clark feels that he had better get along back in order to re2.ch Kouif again before dark. After leaving Sousse on the return trip southward, the roads are horribly congested. The vehicles of the Eighth Army are banked up three deep across the road and bumper to bumper as far as the eye can see. There are apparently no anti-aircraft precP.utions taken and General Clark remarks that a few enemy aircraft could certainly put a big gap in the Eighth Army. It is noted that according to Ameri­ can standards of wheeled vehicles that the Eighth Army has had to do v1ith much less. All manner of vehkles are in tre column and many of them are of a conrrnercial type with only two-wheel drive. The troops appear in wonderful physical condition and seem to have a very confident air. El Djem is finally reached a.nd a take­ off made at 1630 arrivin� Kouif at 1730 to spend the night again at General Porter's headquarters. Upon arriving at General Porter's headquarters, General Cla.rk sees Major General \'lhiteley, Deruty Chief of Staff, AFFQ, and ta.lks with him durin,c; supper. General IThiteley expresses a plan to rave a British wing in­ stalled in the various Fifth Army Training Centers. Flans are made .... ::•.: . t !:.qu'als ·a'ritish /V\OST SECRET f; �\I� SECRET -,;:fuels British f;\03T SECRET to take off for Souk El Arha at 0830 the next Morning. A cable is sent to General Bradley, II Corps, to have transportation waitjng. General Clark tells General Whiteley thRt due to lack of time he will probably not be able to visit General Anderson's First Army headquarters. * * * Dj, Kouif-Souk El Arba-Be,ia-9th Division CP-Be.ia-April 17, 191<2• At breakfast, the pilot and crew o� the C-47 tell of an attempt to fly their plane to Souk El Arba the ni�ht before to get spa.re rarts for a plane grounfed at tre airport at Kouif only to discover, upon arrival at Souk El Arba, that the field was being bombed by German planes. General Clark says that this will not change any plans of the trip but that full rrecautions should be taken and parachutes vrorn. Take off is made from Kouif at 0840, arriving at Souk El Arba 0920 hours without jncident. The plane is met by General Bradley's aide with three jeeps for passengers and baggage and one jeep mountine a 50 calibre IT1achine gun. ( Party proceeds immediately for Beja, nea.r wrich the II Corps hea.dqµarters are located. Little traffic is seen on the road, as all movements of troops and supplies are carried out during hours of darkness. The town of B8ja is reached at about 1030, and it is discovered thet the tovm is rretty much in ruins from constant bombing over a period of two or three months. General Clark ar­ rives at II Corps CP, situated in a French farmhouse approximately three miles north of the town, and finds that Gt:3neral Bradley is away making an inspection. He confers vii th G-3 and members of the staff whom he had lmown as II Corps Commander in England. At ap­ proximately 1115 General Clark leaves II Corrs CP with Brigadier General Gaffey, Chief of Staff, II Corps, for a visit to the 9th Division whose CP is locA.ted about 35 miles to the northwest. Again very little traffic is encountered on the road. The 9th Division CP, located in a small, white, two-storied, stucco farmhouse, is reached at about 1240. General Eddy, the Division Commander, is on a visit to one of his Regimental Headquarters but is expected back any moment. General CJark has lunch and is joined shortly by General Eddy on his return to the CP. Immediate­ ly after lunch, General Clark and General Eddy proceed to the CP of the 47th Infantry, holding the southern sector of the Division front about five miles to the east. On the way considerable evi­ dence of recent fightin� is noted by th e destruction of small vil­ lages, a railroad track, vehicles along the highway and German and British graves along the road. The CP of the 47th Infantry is lo­ cated on a high hill in a farmhouse about half A. mile off the road. ( General Clary and General Eddy are met by Colonel Randale, the Regimental Commander, who gives a brief summ�ry of the situation r; r r��·.T,;,.i1Jtli;•�:. o·r: ,1, ;.;t."""' ·� .. N\Q'jT SECRET �\ l9 ( ( and tells of recent artillery fire which had fallen about two hours before in the valley north of his position in the area of the 39th Infantry. From the CP 47th Infantry, the party proceeds back west along the road for about two miles and then cuts north over a field for about 3/4 of a mile, reaching the CF of the 39th Infantry, which holds the northern sector of the Division front. Colonel Brown, an old friend of General Clark's, is Regimental Com.mander and conducts General Clark and General Eddy to the CP proper, lo­ cated in a grove of trees along the bAnks of a dry stream. Colonel Brovm tells of a reconnaissance ·trip which he has just taken into the forward area for a distance of five or six miles without meet­ ing enemy in any form. Colonel Brown also reiter�tes Colonel Ran• dale's statements regarding the artillery fire whic:b had hit his area about noon of thPt day. General Eddy discusses VTith Colonel Brmm the importance of patrols, particularly in the present situa­ tion where there is no actual contact ·with the enemy. The party then departs to return to the 9th Division CF in order that General Clark may get back to II Corps Headquarters before dark. General Gaffey is met at the 9th Division CP and returns with General Clark to Beja. Upon arrival at II Corps ITeadquarters, General Clark is met by General Bradley and finds that General Allen and General Roo­ sevelt of the 1st Division have arrived. A short conference on the situation is held near General Bradley's CP tent. General Clark plans to leave from Souk El Arba at 0830 tomorrow for Oujda, and spends the rest of the evening talking with General Bradley. The II Corps CP is well laid out and traffic controlled in an exceptionally fine manner. Only a skeleton .staff is operating until the remainder of the headquarters moves up from the south. The men give the appearance of having soldierly- bearing and ,1ear their equipment at all times. * * * Beja-Algiers�Oujda, April 18, 1943r--General Clark leaves II Corps CP at 0715 and proceeds to Souk El Arba, taking off e.t 0830. A short stop is made at r�aison Blanche. General Clark attempts to reach General Eisenhower by phone but is unable to contact him, so leaves word of his departure for Oujda vlith r,�ajor General Smith, Chief of Staff. Plane is refueled end takes of� for Oujda, arriv­ ing 1250 hours. Upon his return to Fifth Army headquarters, General Clark goes directly to his villa where he lunches alone. Over the meal, he reads • personal mail that has aITived for him during his absence. Be a un lieutenant general or lieutenant, colonel or corporal, aa.11 from home is of vital interest. General Clark is no exception. Today's batch in­ • cludes several long letters from Mrs. Clark. Fellowing lunch, the general ioes to his office to plunge into stacks of paper work that has accumulated • • during his absence. He spends more than an hour in conference with General Gruenther, planning a seminar tomorrow at which the Fifth Army Commander will review his t�ip to gen ral geest to his villa early • � * ; . ., y: Ste� .�;i�;; ;:�:}'.'jl- ;i• ' Eq -0ls1ililr8ritish .MOS'f SECRET ' j �.. sECREf ... ~ ~~:• ~t~. ,v:· : .... , . 120 ..•,,. s' ;,Y E i3ritish MOST SECRET ( - OUJDA, APRIL 19, 1943--General Clark iives ais key officers a lenithy review teday of his recent trip to the Tunisian front. He quickly covers the physical aspects of the trip, then spends •ver an hour outlining the observations he ma.de • • waile at the various headquarters and while ·covering the huge frontal area. 11 ! Nde this trip for two reasons," General Clark declares. "First, I wanted II t• see first .b.and what was goirli on. Second, I wanted to find out what lessons we • • • can learn, what observations I could 118.ke that would help the train� of the Fifth • • Amy for its test in combat. I have nothilli new to tell you about how to train. • • OQr doctrines and eur tecaniques are sound with the posaible exception of Tank • b Destroyer tactics. 11 He •n tells his officers that he .aas ude provisions for two officers at a time to be attached to General Bradley's II Cerps. • - "I lmow,11 continuea the ieneral, "that all of you have ants in your pants and want to get into battle. But I 1 11 willini to bet that I have more ants in • pants • • ,. t� any of you and I'm willinf: to make it an actual count evet any given area of • tr&user." The officers roar at the words er their impatient commander. General • • • Clark then reads the excerpt from General Eisenhower's recent letter in which the • " C-in-C promises that "the day of the Fifth Army is com!�. "So," continues th.e • Fifth Amy commander, "we must concentrate on our job, even though it� seem • unromantic. We must do our best and realize that even tho�h we are not yet in oembat we are awayailhead •f units back in the States. I can guarantee you that the Fifth United States Army will be the first American army to iet into cojbat a.s an • entire unit." • . \ .. l Tu &eneral then explains taat he is iO!ni to "call m.y shots as I see them" concerni� what he saw at the front. If there is excessive criticism of British • mekk.ds, he's serry but that is the wq he saw it and he cautions that what he • • \ 1aaa te eay "is not to be discussed outside our family." His aost caustic criticism • is 8.iainst British ••t�r movements and lack of cameflauge. He also strikes at the • • lack "'f il'•und-air coeperation between betlt Aaerican and British air forces and • �•und treops. Bef�re �oini int• detailed ebservations resultilli from the trip, • \ ,. General Clark reviews his various st•ps md conferences. He tells of watchin.r • • General Patton turn over command •f the II Cerps to General Bradley. For General • • Clark this was a particularly interesting ceremony since the Fifth Army Cemmander br9Uiht the II Corps overseas oriiinally. It llas now had four commanders since cellli?lfl overseas last July--Generals Clark, Fredendall, Patton and, now, Bradley-. General Clark says that Jae was most impressed at General Alexander's 18th • A'X"lll.y Grou, aeadquarters by "lack of camonauge and the congestion of tents and • • • vehicles." He tells ef his talk with General Alexander and discl$ses that British " troops prebably will be included in the Fifth t.nry. Te prepare for this, British • staff efficers--prebably a G-3 and a G-3 and a G-4 assistant--will be ass�ned under General Clark's oemmand. lie next reports on the 1st Division. It is now out • • �f the line but is prepari.ni to we-enter combat. Duri.ni the phase of the Tunisiu • campsiin tha.t has Just finished, the 1st lest 1,800 men. It established a reputa­ tion with the British as a fine fiihtirli division. General Allen, reports General • Clark, says that the replacements it is receivilli are po0rly trained. He points • • eut that General Andrus claims that there should be no reduction in field artillery • • tables of orianization. • .. Mak� a detailed report on his visit to the 18th Artry Group School at Clair• • i(H::,:"' 1 SECRET Eq,uols Br'itish MOST SECRET �SECRET L21 Ettuqis British MOST SECRET .. tentaine, General Clark points tea the ccm:f'usion resul t:ini from tlle difference in British and Aaerican ldli�r;y terms. Those, lie cautions, ldiht result in difficul­ a ties wAell British and A11erioan trHps are teiether in the Fifth Army. He says that Britisll effioers and enlisted men are eeing to beiin attending Fifth Amr:, Schoels • • ud tha� the preblem •f phraseol•a aust be watched clesely. "We can iet new ideas frem the British that we can apply to our own orianization," the iener'1.l • says. "But we aust pick and c•oose lpld not cepy blindly."He compares the appear­ • ance •f British and Americana attendirJi the 18ta Army Group school and says the ) Britisk are much mere military in bearin&. He next reviews the case of the 34th Division which has been at the front • abcrut two aontb.s. TAis division, an ex-National Guard division, was not 11ell trained, the ieneral says. He reperts that General Ryder told him that the div• • iaion was bein& shaken up c•nsiderably and that there was a need for new command­ • • ers all dewn the line--reeiments, battalions and even coapanies. Ryder reported t.i.at tae division was too defensive minded--that when in action it i•t into fex• aeles and tl&at it was llard to �et the men out. I Reiar� tao E�htla Army, General Clark had this to say: the enlisted men are unusually well inf'crmed concerning the location of units and what is i•ing en. • • Tae aen are extremely informal in dress and discipline but they have a treaendous fi,ektilli spirit and great confidence in theuelves and their equipaent. The army • llas passed throUih its desert area but it still is us� desert paint •n its nhicles and desert camoflaUie mehhods with the result that the caaofiaUie is • tetally ineffective. The road discipline •f the army is "atr•cious." The ieneral • • • tells er see� tbree banks of vehicles nmni.t)i bumper to bullper with only one part time fi,ehter plane to protect them from air at�ck. The E!ihth Army moter • celwan .bad no anti-aircraft pretection. Tlle Arf4 is moving with every conceivable type •:t vehicle and it is remarkable how auccesai'ul amt army can be with wtI1oded • and well-worn meter transpertation. Gemral Clark aiain points out how the Eiihth p Anq headquarters, like those of the 18th Army Group, are out in the open and not camenaueed. He adds that Ei,ehth A:rm;y moter conveys ••ve with apparent disreiard e fer enem;y aines that miiht possibly be placed on the shoulders of the road. • • .. .. While lais •fficere olluckl.e, General Clark tells •f i•illi to the front line, • ef hquirine every few 11:iles abeut tlle ledation of the front line and finally, • ,. wllen •• a ridie everleold.ni a valley, asking "Where is the front line." Then the • • I laconic Briti:sh reply of: "This is the front line. That is Enfidaville. The • ... .. • Gemans are rJ.iht down tlaere." And then the ieneral hellerir)i to the driver o.f his carte eet the vehicle behind the lrl.11. Says General Clark, lauehin&: "It was just like maneuvers but I Jaiased tlae Red, blue and white .fJ.aisl" . II> He tJaen tells •f the utter des•lation ef Seuase, of the effectiveness •f • Allied be•bin& and, apparently, demelitiens by- the withdr&wi.ni Germans. He des­ cribes tae teffll ia "ma.eked" and describes overturned ships in the harborl Tke • • ti Britis• llave already scraped a cllannel into the. port and the general declares t.bat "it is axiematic t:bat y•u can destroy a place one day and use it th.e next." • General Clark say-a tu.t tlte Axis kas now wit1tdrawn int• more 11ountain1tus country • • and tllat the eeill4i at tlle .front is now ioir)i to be harder. • . ~ Reiardin& his visit te II Cerps headquarters, General Clark c01111ents on the • discipline and 1u,rale of the aen. He says they are hard and confident; that • traffic contrel, camofla�e and li�ht discipline are good. "Our old ia.ng," the .. i eneral says addressing himself t ·ro r "'II Cerps ef'ficers who are � � �: ... . ' ,.. tr S~ .. F . . . �CJ.:na , ··:�!.fofs. British N\03T SECi�ET �SECRET Equals British /.\OST SECRET still with hill, "is do� well." One t.ai!li that laa.s been found to be a truism is • that inexperienced •fficers cannot be placed in key jebs. "These," declares the ieneral, "are thin&s that we must learn NOY." He then tells ef his trip to the 9tll Division which lae describes as "a good outfit." He says that the 9th has b een particularly effective with massed artillery .fire o The 9ta· now holds the extre• n•rth end ef tlle line, haviJli relieved British paratroopers who had been in tlae Cap Serrat re"ion. .. General Clark tllen outlines the plan •.f eperation for the colt1ng showdown • • in Tunisia. The II Cerps is under tae First British A'I.TfJ' and it will have the left tlank. United States troops will have a lillited •bjective and it will fall t• tu Vth British Corps to take Twrl.s and then advance en Bizerte. It is felt • tllat tlae Axis Ddillt attempt to witadraw and the air ferces are loo� t3 that prospect with ilee because taey reel tlley can completely wreck any evaoution across the Sicilian straits. ( Ceveq miscellaneous subjects, General Clark reports that the artillery • aas done a f� jeb at the front and, he adds, "they have aillered to the doctrines and teclmiques as we have ta�ht the11." Use ef division artillery with concent­ rated fire on one ebjective has been particularly effective. One fault that aas • • leen fc>1md is that artillery pieces are not calibrated eften eno�h, aaey- ef them net hav� been calibrated since they were shipped from the states. It has • • b .een preven at the front that artillery can control tanks. There never has been • • an instance, the Fifth Army commander continues, where tanks have continued to • advance thro�h concentrated artillery fire. It has been found that the artillery o an lay down artillery barrages with the infantry follow� with more or less iapunity at 150 yards. General Clark says that not enough use is being made of smeke shells or time fuse fire which will spray shrapnel down int0 fexholos and trenches. The British particularly, the "eneral adds, do not appreciate the use • ef tille fuse fire. Froa tlae 15th of March to April 10 1 American artillery expen­ • titures at the front totalled 1571 000 rounds, slightly under tlle n•l'lllll use ef fire. Hitt� aiain at one of his favorite subjects, General C1ark declares that air-iNUD.d support ia lacld.na as we Ullderstand it and as we are ta�ht it." He • alee declares tllat there is not enough aerial pll•t•�aphy and points to the need • •f aerial phetoiraphs in plann� attacks. • 11 .. l The i9neral also makes tltese ebservations: Jdnes are no lo�er an auxiliary, tlley are a potent weapon. On the Tunisian front, ene-.r use of mines has become a real proble11. Oriani• anti-aircraft Aas become a !latter of debate as to whether each unit should have its own AA •rfi!anization. As £or the various branches, tile Fif'tk Anq ceamander sqs that the eDiineers, sian,al, medics and artillery sec­ • • tions are do� fin, at the front but that the inf"antry is not doi� as well. • 11 Tllis," �s the general, "is natural since this is not an en.ct science and the tactics 11Ust chazl&e with the situation. It calls for stro� Slllall unit le�ders 11nd tlae expansion or eur aray has been too rapid am certain personnel errors J1Ust • . be werked out." The 1st Armored Division has a tough time 1D111i: at the front because • it was not well enough trained and in many cases it was employed faultily. ■ St1J1Jl1i!li up, the ieneral makes these observations: air-ground support must_ be used effectively and it can't be used that way until the principles of it are • appreciated by the air corps. There should also be greater use of observation ' '. ... :�·..,; - I . . ·SECRET' · .. E'qu'&Js Brnish /',\03T SECRET \ �\ �3 ( and photo facilities. The effectiveness and strength of artillery fire must be • appreciated. There must be coordinated movements of traffic. "This can't be le:rt to,,Ged. It must be geared and perfected like a Pennsylvania Railroad tille schedule." Divisions must be used as a whole, not committed piecemeal or used as separate regiments. Bmx There must be vigorous patrollini at night and fightinar must • include night operations as well as day operations. Officers and men must be dis­ • • ciplined more rigidly and they aust be hard and tough, mentally and physically. • .. Tlte general spends his entire m•rn:iJli either worki.ni on incoain& papers or • else w•rldni on the speech which ae iives in llid•afternoon. His trip to the £ront • Jaas resulted in a il,"eat backleg of papers and he slaves throue;hout the day to whittle them down. The situation at the front is quiet as the Allies draw up taeir haunches in preparation for another spring at the Axis. .. . * ... * * OUJDA, APRIL 20, 194.3--Ge•eral Clark spends a diverse today, a day that is clilla.xed by a class reunion at his villa in the evening. Seven 11eJ1bers of tlte .. West Point class of 1917 are present, including two who come from the Oran nrea fer the UJlUSual celebration. ( Geaer&l Eisenhower kad planned tentatively @n coaing to Fifth Army Head­ quarters toaorrew but today Ais aide calls to say that the Allied CoJll!lander-in­ Chief must JU.lee another trip to the �unisian front, because of a pendini push, • • and ae will have to pestpene his Fi£ta Amy trip until a later date. In mid­ • Ge•ral Clark drives to the Fi:rth An,.y recreation cup at Saidia t• ll&lce u inepection. The caap is already eperating with 30 officers and 150 • enlisted aen tald.lli one week vacations at the seaside resort 40 Jli.les north of • Oufda on the MediterraneaD.. The ieeral is satisfied with the way the C8llp is • • i•� and ke 11.akes plans te spend eccasional days there h1meelt. He is to take •• • II ever a villa at the edie of the American beach area. • ••rning, .. The ieneral has twe special callers today and he sandwiches the• in between reeuJ.ar coDference� with. his Chief of Sta.ff and other officers and the normal and very heavy amount of paper work. One of the callers is Colonel F£cket, an old • frieAd ef the generals who used to be in the 1st Division. Colonel Fiohet has • • just recovered from wounds received at the frent and he is being assigned to Fifth Aray to assist in the Field Officers' Training program. The second vieitor is PFC Ted Andrews, an Iruiianapolis boy who used to deliver Saturday Evening posts to Gener�l Clark JU.?zy- years ago when the Fifth Army Commander was instruc­ • tor for the Indiana National Guard. The gener�l spends quite some t:ille with the private wh0 is in the Counter Intelliience Corps. • The reunion of the Class of 191? that is held at the General's villa is an and hilarious evening. That seven classraates should be able to gather in • a little French Meroccon 26 years fellowing their graduation is unusual. Two classmates, Colonel Sullivan and Major Nygaard present the general with the fellewing statistics: " .. UllUSUU. "SUBJECT: Present Status er Class of 1917, u.s.M.A. "TO : The Commanding General, Firth Army, APO 464, U. S. Arny. 11 1. On April 20, 1917, 139 ca.dets were gradua.te.d and ccammissioned as 2nd • SECRET \::)}{1. Brit-rs · SE T '. i/\\~t5~f , R~ t �12Y lieutenants in the U.S.A. at West Point, New York. This evening, twenty-eix • years later, seven clas�tes are gathered to celebrate their anniversary in the,Headquarters of the Fifth Army, Oujda, Morocco. Those present ue Lieut­ e:nan.t Genera.! Mark w. Clark, U.S.A., Brigadier General Vi.W. Eagles, U.S.A., Col.uel Jeseph P. Sullivan, Q.M.C., Colonel Charles R. Johnson, Gav., Colonel Ira Cru11p, Ord Dept., Colene! Francis A. Markoe, A.U.S., aod Major John R. Nygaard, A.U.S. 2. ,,. !I' ,. J. St�.tus of Class by numbers: April 20, 1917 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 139 =• tt 11 I?, H!l9 • April 20, 1943, Active List- - - - -- -- - - -85 {Data compiled from Amy Dir�ctory, April 20, • 1942, less Francis Brennan, deceased.) Losses duri� past 26 years� - - - - - - - - � Tot&ls - - - - - - - .. 139 139 Status of Class by grade: April 20, 1917 - - 2nd Lieutenants - April 20, 1943 - - Lieutenant GeneralMaj or Gener&l - - Brigadier General - Professors, u.s.M.A.Colonels - - - - - Separations from Active List- - - - - Totals- - - - - - - - - - 139 1 9 21 - .. 1 - - 53 - -_&. - 139 60 $ of graduates are on active duty; all those separated by physically fit have returned to active duty. 1 j of class is a Lieutenant General; 11 % are Major Generals; 25 % are Brigadier Genals, and 6']/, are Colonels. 4. General Officers, Class ef 1917, as of April 20, 1943: Lieutenant General Clark, Mark W. Ma.1or General Ridgeway, Matthew B. Butler, William o. Code, James A. Collins, Lawton Hamon, Ernest N. Gerhardt, Charles n. McMahan, William c. Irvin�, Frederick A. Melasky, llil.rris M. Brigadier General Heavey, William F. Noce, Daniel • Hardis, Charles Eagles, William W. Stanford, A.G. Harrison, William K. 139 �\J5 SECRET. ( Equals Br'itis�.;. t.\OST SECRET Devine, John N. • Perry, Basil H. Guerney, Augustus M. BeR.sley, Rex Sherrill, Steven H. Holdrigge, Herbert c. Smith, Albert C. Armstrong, Clare Cota, Norman D. Harper, Arthur M. Kilburk, Charles s. Weems, George H. Halsey, Milton B. Mullens, Charles L. Rumbough, Davids. H. (e) J0seph P. Sullivan, Colonel, Q.M.C. (s) John R. NygR.ard, Major, A.U.S. P.S. Not approved by Asa Pope. Data subject to correction; compiled by two goats. The general and his classmates spend an evening devoted JllQ.inly to reminis­ cing. There are special decorations for the reunion and .. cake bearing 26 candles • and the inscription "Class of 1917". Two American Red Cross workers write a special poem for the occasion. It goes: TO THE CLASS OF DESTINY The Cl.i.ss of One Seven was ordained by Heaven, As forecast by prophets of old, • • To send to the fre:y in their gattle array, Men who were both handsome and bold. In the annals cf West Point marv tall tu.les are told Of prowess with sword and with lass, But none o�� excel the stories they tell, Of the members of this doughty class. You've no use for beagles when loiaki� for :Eagles For you'll find him wa.y up in the stars. There's no use deeying, when Birdie frot flying, He ma.de a quick rise from the bars. At the munition dUDl.p you will always find Crump Testi� �ach bullet IUld shell, For he's bound and determined that all Nazi vermin .. Shall be blasted and blown plumb to Hell. Of "D•on and his horae we have all heard, of course, St0ries beth fact and mere rumors, But the horse would agree, with both you and me, That'- it's hard to put up lVith Doc's bloomers. The �irls hav� all tried hard to tie up with Nygaard, But each has been forced to confess For all of her wishin', this smooth politician Would m�ch rathe�eR!!f a� (He just ain't sleepy!) ��- -�-- , - .- ... .'.,..,..... ,:·..\., .,. ··-·s��::·;10, ·•-\tiiRET .I �. :t:¥ �SECRET ( . The history of Markoe makes us wish we cou.ld all do What he's done to further the race, But it has been wagered, as years make him aged, Even Fr-nk can't keep up such a pace. From almond-eyed beauties to Muscovite cuties, The fame of our Sully has spread., And there's hardly a one, when her day's work is done, That:m he's not seen unsullied to bed. The N'ew Yorker on Opie implied he was dopey, I Though the stars sn his blouse brightly gleam. We bet he was wishing that he was home fishing And not on that damn submarine. • * Many more years must pass before this famed class QQeS to its rewards in Heaven. When it iets to the gate St. Peter will state, "There was never a class like One Seven." * * OUJDA, APRIL 21, 1943--General Clark's day follo'ffs its uaual pattern-­ conferences with various high-ranking officers of headquarters, bales of cables and reports to digest and initiate action. One of the·Fifth Army's mC>st important tasks at present is the re-cquippini of French uni·ts. Many of them are spread throughout the Fifth Army area. and they are learning to use American guns, American tanks, all types of American vehicles and weapons with which they will ultilnately enter battle. A French armored unit is iettini re-equipped in the vivinity of Ain-el..'furk, ,,est of Oran; infantry ag.d artillery units are being assembled in the Guercif', Fes areas. With the 30th Infantry movpl&I out of the Guercif•Taourirt area so it can·io to Arzew for invas­ ion traini�, the French are taki� over the task of protect� that •rea. Durilni the aftel','lloon, General Clark iees for hi� customary walk in the hills near Oujda. The weather is quite warM, eiving evidence a,f the heat tha.t is coml}i in the late sprini and sumner months. The ieneral also concentrates on improvL"li facilities at Saidi.a which will be more •r less a summer retreat to escape the heat of Oujda valley. Officers and men .from all wrlts in the Fifth .Army--not just, • those from headquarters-will attend the recreation center. * * * OUJDA, APRIL 22, 1943--G·eneral Clark writes General Eisenhower today concern• .. a nUl!lber er matters, includi� his trip to the front and his fears about the rem•val from n�rthwestern MorQcc• of units �riiinally set aside to move from that • uea in event of the need .for Backbene conti�ent upon German movement into S?l,in. il1i Eq t/: r· �IZ,�liJ]Elit�..�.<ET· " , .5t'.C" �of�··. 9·/ffr���f. �kb:;i � • l �--··�--·SECREl .: . ,.· ( E ,, oJs: 1:2.1 �Bif'i�i'.���rMeal�' :s·�3RE1 • "Ret\trned f'ro11 my trip rorward, n General ·Clark writes General "Ike,'' after • la.a� -visited General Alexander's set-up, Generu Montioaery 1 s Anay and units er the II Corps. I had the •pportunity of iOing with Alexander to his Battle • Schoel at Clair Fontaine and enjoyed it very much. He seems to be a swell .fellew and thinl'"..s very hiihly of you and the broad-mindM manner in which you are approa­ • • c� your tremendous problems. Thanks for the •pprotunity of my visit there. Saw • • • all your Division Commanders eacept the 1st Armored. Think the 1st and 9th are cold� aloni fin� but that the 34th needs a shot in the arm, possibly starti� • • with the Division Commander. Slept with Omar Bradley at Beja and ha,d a fine chat • with hill. Thanks for the oppertunity or letting me go. I saw many things that • will be helpful in my traini� here. Assembled all my officers, gave them the • dope and am running around trying te buck things up in my area of responsibility. • "You indicated that a little later one British Division might be sent back • here. Alexander indicated that he would like to have two divisions come back. I • aade no coJ.U11ent except that any British troops that you sent back would be re­ • deived with ereat welcome here. If I am to have British troops under Fifth Army • CeJIJllalld, I should have two British Staff Officers on my staff--one a supply man and the other a G-3 aan. I indicated thi:s to Alexander, who heartily concurred, 11.ade a nGte and asked :ae to subllit a request through you,.and he would supply me with two high-type officers with those qualifications. I am hereby making such • a request and deeire that these two come in advance ef the arrival of British • troops, in erd&r that we·� make due preparation for the recepti�n and trainins or such units as might come back here. "I m.ve quit looking under my bed at night .for Spanish intriguers. However, I still iet a cold sweat down my spine when I think of that Mr. Hitler could do • • te you and your North African venture, .should he, through some manner unknown • • to us, find the means t0 enter Spa-in, either with or without Spanish acquiesconee. • With the immediate movement of the I Armored Corps and the 2nd Armored Division • out of Merecco into the Oran area, I. am absolutely devoid, not only of a eta.ff in that area te keep alive'the vital western BACKBONE plannina, to say nothini of execution. As you know, the 3rd Division is completely out of Morocco and in the Arzew area. "I submitted a letter on this a couple of weeks ago and spoke to Bedell about it, but it bounced back by indorsement with no constructive assistance. I u �ain forwarding it by 2nd indorsement to you , so that you will know a.11 the • facts in the case. You indicated to me the possibility of substituting the II • Cerps for the VI Corps and the 1st or 9th for the 36th Division. If that decision • could be made no", I would move i.llmedhi.tely the vm Corps and the 36th Division • • to the Lyautey area, where they could .perform the planning and execution of the ,. tasks so vital in the event BACKBONE breaks. "The indorsement referred to above, and the letter, are being carries to • your headquarters by one of my officers going up that way. 11 I a11 leavini for the Invasion Training Center tomorrow morning, where I • • • will be for two dqa." .. .. .. ( The moerandua that General Clark refers to as havi.nfl been sent to AFHQ t• be returned by indGrseaent pointed out that present and future operations "lut.ve develeped to a point where it appears likely that this headquarters may be • • left without adequate subordinate planni� 8.iencies for Operation BACKBONE II." It then declared that II it was our understandill6! •••that headquarters 2nd Armored • Division would not be involved in the HUSKY operation and could therefore be • • SECRET ··." 6~uots· Brff.ish MO::;T St:CRET t.. • . - J �. ''l:'l'>\5;m..·:.,, . · · · .,,·:;. .�·�··-·. . C€"'f"T· < '., ·1.:i:-i·.1nt·��'a·l!:) l . . :'·'·.?)\ ;. rlc,,- ,.- .. _. .::·r 1:: ..�1 !. . j; • ..... ·.;. .. Equal� British h\OST SECRET used fer keepi� BACKBONE plans in the western area up to date. However, it us been recently learned that Headquarters 2nd Armored Divisj.on will probably be utilized in eperation HUSKY•" Thi, Jle:m.orandum then recommended "that a sub­ erdin.a.te headquarters be made available to Headquarters Fifth Anny as the planning • • �ency in the western ar«3a., and to execute the plan in case or emeriency." AFm The reaction of comes back as follows: "Your position relative to the • requirement for a subordinate headquarters to act as a planning and eaecutive • &iency for BACKBONE II ia fully appreciated. Due to present requirements, however, no further subordinate headquarters will be available before the return of the II • Cerps upoo completion of the Tunisian campaign. In the meantime, such planni� • as you consider essential will of necessity have ts be made the responsibility • of Headquarters, I Armored Corps. Considering its present preoccupation with the more urgent planning for FIDSKY, this work should be held to the minimum." • This is the answer that General Clark shoots back to Allied.Force Headquarters: ( D "l. Headquarters I Armored Corps will aove to the Oran area in about a week where it will be completely preeccupied with HUSKY planning and with the trainine; •f the units •f the corps for the HUSKY operation. For that reason it is consider­ ed i.llpr�cticable to charge that headquarters with the responsibility of planning • • and executing BtCKBONE II. "• Likewise, I A rmored Corps plans, with the approval of this headquarters, to atWe the entire 2nd Arllored Division to the Sidi-bel-Abbea area in the immed­ • • iate future. Therefore, th.at headquarters can not be used as the plarming and executing agency for the western operations of BACKBONE II. • "3. As you know, the 3rd Division is now completely concentrated in the Oran • • area. in connection with its HUSKY (invasion of Sicily) mission. Also, the 36th • Division is in that area. It is apparent, therefore, that there are absolutely n• Aaerican troops in the Rabat area which would be capable of executing the effens:tve aission to capture Tangier, or even of preventing a Spanish invasion • of French Morocce, should such action accompany an iovasion of Spain by the Axis. • • 11 4. I do not know the capabilities of the Axis to invade Spain, but I do • • consider that should they have that capability, it might produce disastrous re­ sults to the Allied North A.frican operation. • "5. Should the Axis move into Spain--a.nd the critical time for such a threat • is rapidly approach�--our only hope of partially nullify!� that operation would be our prompt occupation of Spanish Morocco in order to secure the southern shore • C ef the Straits of Gibraltar. With the disposition of our troeps which will exist on May 1st, such action on our part would probably be impossible, for it would require valuable time to move troops from the Oran area to the Port Lyautey area. This loss of time might well represent the difference between success and failure in accomplishing our mission. 11 6. In my conversation the other day at the front with the C-in-C, he in• • dicated a desire to substitute, 1f practicable, the II Amy Corps for the VI • Army Corps in the HUSKY operation. He also indicated hie desire to substitute the 1st or 9th Division for the 36th Division. It would be highly desirable if these • decisions could be ma.de now, for in that event I would promptly move the VI Corps and the 36th Division to the Port Lyautey area where they would not only constitute the only American combat troops in French Morocco, but would also be available to • oarry on the pla.nnini for the vital western phase of BACKBONE II. In addition, this • force would be available to execute the plans, ins0�ar as its strength will permit. .. ( SECRET Ectuals British t,,\Q':.,T SECRET �Si~Rlit .,~;;r~~. ::,~;~/ i EgtJ.,Ots' British /'Ii.OST SECRET It is f\mdaaental that the same hekdquarters that plans this operation be charged with its execution. If the deci.sions indicated above can not now be made, this headquarters, through an improvised planning section, will keep alive • the plans for BACKBONE II, but will have no means of executing those plans promptly, • • should such action be necessary." In addition to concentrating on pluggilli a lot of bad loopholes in the now­ • riddled BACKBONE situation, General Clark works late to clear his desk of all work • r since he will leave here early tomorrow for Arzew and a two-day stay at the Invas­ ion Training 6enter. * * * OUJDA-ORAN-ARZEVl, .APRIL 23, 1943--General Clark takes off from the Oujda airport in his C-47 at 8:30 A.M. for La Senia airport at Oran. He is accompanied by General Wilbur, Colonel Howard, Major Ball and Captain Sumner. He arrives at La Senia shortly after 9:00 A.M., and a few minutes later is met by Captain Gil­ lespie who takes him to Port-aux-Foules in the Piper Cub. General �ilbur and Captain Sumner proceed to the MBS Replacement Training Center, and Colonel Howard and Major Ball drive to Port-aux-Poules where they meet the General and accompany him on his various inspections. He goes to the beach at Arzew where various types of landing craft and land­ ing ships are demonstrating how different kinds of vehicles are loaded. He rides out to an LST in an amphibious 2-1/2 ton truck and briefly inspects the ship and the pontoon ramp leading to it from the beach. He has been joined for this in­ spection by General T. J. Camp and General 0 1 Daniel with various members of the latter's staff. The party then drives over to the other side of the bay to see the Navy's steel pontoon blocks which can be put together like huge childrens 1 building blocks to make bridges, dry docks, ramps, loading wharves and even car­ go rafts which can be driven by a diesel engine attachment. After lunch with L Company of the 30th Infantry, the General goes, with his inspection party, to the hills . to the west of Arzew where an attack is being staged by the 7th Infan­ try Regiment under the command of Colonel Sherman. The infantry attack is supported by two 105mm battalions and two 105mm can­ non companies. After the General has been oriented as to the problem and has observed the maneuvers to be well under way, he leaves for a drive along the shore of the Mediterranean to the headquarters of the 3rd Division. General Truscott is not there, but the CP is inspected briefly. The party then proceeds along the shore of the Mediterranean pa.st an Air Corps rest camp which has for­ merly been a summer resort. Its gaudy bathing pavilions seem a little out of place against a background of such grim reminders of war as a sunken Liberty ship a few hundred yards off shore and anti-aircraft installations along the sand dunes bordering the beach. ( At Mostaganem six LSI are observed coming into the little harbor. A few miles farther a turn is made up the Chelif River valley where the 15th RCT is bivouaced. It is under the command of Colonel Tom Monroe, an old friend of the General's. This unit is training for mountain warfare. The surrounding terrain is admirably suited for this type of work. Equals SECRET.· Brh1sh MO:T SC:C ET �·�·S·ECRET: i.;<r�, (.• • :·.�·.: l 3o 11,a, � ."'\t·tish MOST SECRcT ( After a brief visit with Colonel Monroe, the party returns to General 0 1 Daniel's villa where supper is served. At about 8:30 P.M. everyone leaves for an inspection of some of the landing crafts which are being loaded at the Arzew Beach for the night landing maneuver. While watching the loading, they are joined by Admiral Connelly who is the Naval Commander for amphi­ bious operations. The ships pull out, and the party returns to the villa to wait until it is time to depart for the actual landing maneuver. General Clark, with General O'Daniel, Admiral Connelly and the rest of the party, leaves at about 10 P.M., arriving shortly·thereafter at the roint from which they are to inspect the landing operation. A few minutes before 11 P.�. pontoon boats approach the beach through the gloom. Two battalions land, beach their b.oats and work up through the sand dunes along the shore to the hills in the immediat� background. The landing is accompanied by flares and explosions of fixed charges to simulate the noises of battle. After the in­ fantry has had time to get a foothold established, the three LCT's land and disembark their equipment over ramps and roadways constructed by bulldozers which each or the ships carry. The manner in which the maneuver is carried out indicates a considerable improvement in training, and the General is satisfied with what he has seen. The operation has been executed by the 7th RCT, carried by,three LCI's and three LCT's. * * * ORAN-OUJDA, APRIL 24, 1943--After spending the night at General 0 1 Daniel 1 s villa in Port-aux-Poules, he leaves, with General 0 1 Daniel, Colonel Howard and Major Ball, for an 1nspection of the MBS Replacement Center at Oran. On his arrival there at about 9:15 A.M., he is met by Colonel Johnson and Colonel Christenberry who are in charge of administration and training at the Center •. General Clark inspects the various training operations with General Wilbur, who has joined him there, and is· well pleased with the progress which has been made since his last visit. At about 10:00 A.M. he leaves for the airport at La Senia where his C-47 is waiting to take him back to Oujda. Shortly after noon he returns to the Headquarters Fifth Army with General Wilbur, Colonel Howard, �ajor Ball and Captain Swnner. A major ohjective on the Tunisian f'ront is attained during today as the II . Eiflhth Army drives the Germans out of Enfidaville. Elsewhere on. the front there is only patrol activity and some exchange of artillery fire. • The Fif'th Army's ex-surgeon, Brigadier General Blesse who is now the top American surgeon at AFHQ and NATOUSA, arrives at Fifth Army headquarters and is saluted by an honor guard. In the afternoon, he confers briefly with General Clark. The Fifth Army Commander, having been up so late last night watching the amphibious landings, goes to his villa. early and spends a quiet evening at home. * * * .. OUJDA, EASTER SUNDAY, APRIL 25, 194J-.. oonoerted drive along the entire A Tunisian front has been started but the going is slow since so muhh of the fight­ ing is in very aountainous country. In the nortltern sector, divisions o:f the II • Cerpa ll&ke eeveral fi.nierlike penfttrations. Fji�l�\:�SECRET ,..� -���� t Equ�{s·: •' British MO:T SECPET ' . _.,;•r' �• SECRET. \31 E�u�ls British MOST SECR':T "' ( .. After workini on papers and cablegrams until ll:00 AM, General Clark {:Oes • special Easter s�rvices that are held out in the school courtyard. General to Clark and part �f his staff sit on the front row.• The chaplain. speaks from the tep ctf sofje steps in the quadrangle. Behind him ie the fla.gpole a.top which the American flag whips in a half-mist, h.a.lf-r,tin. Surprisi?lily, French General Beu­ cler and several other French families appear �t the �erican Easter services. General Clark, who had planned to ,lO to Saidia to inspect his villa. but who • " cancels the trip because of the weather, spends th� afternoon and evenine at his a villa., taking a half-holiday tha.t is interrupted by phone calls and callers. He I!! disMisses his orderlies and he and Colonel Sullivan prepare their own supper. • The Fifth Army commander seems to enjoy himself barg� around the kitchen getting suup and sandwiB:hes ready. He remarks that he 11 can .forget all nu troubles when I iet fussing areund like this. tt .. .. .. * * * .. OUJDA, APRIL 26, 1943--Lieutonant General Leslie J. McNair, Chief or all • II United St.a.tes Ground Forces a.nd General Clark's former chief at Ground Fotce • .. Headquarters in W&shiniton, has been wounded a.t the front dur� an in6peotion trip o General Clark, who has a. tremendously deep affection for General McNair, • is shocked at the news. The Ground Force chief was hit twice by shra.pnel from artillery fire. Extent of his injuries is not known but he reportedly is not in • tae critical a condition. • .... ( . " ., General Clark bad planned on iO� to Ghanzy today to open the Fifth Army's .. Field Officers Training SchoGl but he is ground-bound at Oujda all dQY by a heavy fog. He had also planned to visit he�dquarters of the 36th Division in the • • ,, II Sidi-Bel-Abbes re�ion. Dependent on the weather, the general plaAs on ma.king the • • .,. trip tomorrew o General Clark spends the day working on papers, particularly one r deta.ilµig lessons learned in last summer's Dieppe raid by Canadians, British and Americana. This docUJ1ent, the �eneral remarks, shows a lot of the pitfalls in a • !> crc.,ss-channel crossini• He is going to make it "must" reading for all his officers. Receji].ht of General Clark's second indoreement on the need for a BACKBONE force in northwestern Morocco in event of trouble in Spain or Spanish Morocco. has caused reaction at Al�iers and General Clark believes th.at the crucial need f�r assista..nce will not fall on barren soil this time. • • • • 1' - • Durine the afternoon, the general also has his three aides--Major Ball, Captain Houston and Lieutenant Beardwood--in for a discussion of their work. He • tells them that he is trying to ready them for use in combat and that some lessons • ,. have to be learned the hard way. He says that they must realize that II I have lots • 0 ef problems on my mind that no one else knows about and that I cannot at this • time discuss." In the e"f.lening, he has the three aides at his villa for dinner. .. .. .. . ., Werd comes later in the day that General McNa.ir will recover. He has wounds .. in the back and head. Genen.l Clark plans to.visit his old chief as soon as he " • is eva;cuated to a lieneral Hospital, probably at Oran. • C ( * * SECRET Equals British 't·AO:.T SE:CRE.I * �I SECRET - Equols 8riti5'., MO�T SECREl ( OUJDA, APRIL 27, 1943-0nce again, heavy rain and foi prevents Gener� Clark • from making his hoped-fQr trip to the Fifth Anv 'a new Field Officers' Traini� School and to the headquarters of the 36th Division. Because of the importance of his con£erring 1Yith General Cllil.I'k concerning pla.ne for his d:i.vision, Major General Fred Walker drives to Oujda and conf�rs with the Fifth A� Commander for a greater part of the afternoon. General Clark explains the entire Fifth Army set ..up and how certain Fifth A-ray units are now training for the Sicilia.n invasion. He also outlines the sit­ .. uation on BACKBONE and then tells the 36th Division commander that if hi5 outfit ie aot involved in the invasion of Sicily, the plan i� to aove at least part of it to w estern Mor�cco for further BACKBONE planning and for execution of the • plan if execution becomes necessary. He also stresses to Generu Walker the need • for rigidly disciplined and self reliant soldiers. • During the afternoon, General Clark gets a personal telephone call from • Lieutenant General McNdr. The Army Ground Force comnander' s injuries a.re not as • serious as indicated at first and he asks General Clark to come to the Base Hospi:tal at Oran tomoITow a.nd visitmi: hi.Ill. The General is very relieved to hear "' th.at General McNa.i.r 1 s condition is so good. He will f!O to Oran tomorrov, morning .,, • " if weather permits, with Colonel Lewis, alse an old friend of General �cNair's. • • ( .. II The 30th In£antry Company that has been staging guard mounts for Fifth Army Headquarters visitors has been moved to the Invasion Training Center and • has been replaced by a Military Police company dressed, according to General • • Clark's instructions, in white helments, belts and leggins. Today they put on .. their first honor guard as General Walker reviews them. They are a. fine, neat and soldierly lookin� lot. C During the p�st few days, General Clark has had two newspaperJnen visit Fifth Army HeadqU.11.rters. First came Demaree Bess of Saturday Evening Post who w11.s in• terested in the Da.rlan negotiations and then Fz'&llk Kluckhohn, New York Times War • Correspondent. Incidentally, General Clark's report to the War Department on the Darlan negotiations is finished today and it goes to the AG for mimeographing. The report was requested by Mr. McCloy after he had read the general's diary and doc­ uments coverini that intriguing period. .. , The �eneral works a:t. his office �til 6: 15 PM then foes to his villa for the • night. It is very stormy and a takeoff tomorrow to visit Gener61.l McN'lir looke • imprt,ba.ble. * * OUJDA-ORAN-OUJDA, April 28, 1943--General Clark outlines sharply today his II reaction to the present position of the Fifth Aray, his views on the pending T inv11.sion of Sicily and his attitude toward the mixture in one Army of AmeriCOrn and British forces. This frank analysis comes at the end of a. day that took him to Oran to visit Lieutenant General Mc Nair, recu�rating there fron shrapnel wounds suffered during a visit to the Tunisian front. \ Tho Fifth Army Commander gets away from his office at 9:40 AM and goes to Oujda airport where he takes off for Oran in his C-47. Prior to his departure he , . has a brief conference with Mr. Harold Mack, an old TORCH operation conferee and SECRET '.�·u�Js. Britist, MOST SECRET �SECRET ti lf�q_ols British h\OST SECRET l33 a high-ranking member of the British Foreign Office, and Major General Jock • Whiteley British Deputy CM.er or Staff at Allied Force Headquatters and one of the Gener�.l's friends .from TORCH planning and Allied Force Headquarters days. j ' General ClQ.I'k is accompanied to Oran by Colonel Lewis, his Artillery Officer, and, upon arrival there ., they g.o to the hospit.i.l to which General !,Ic Nair has been evacuated. The Army Ground Force Commander looks fine. He is out of bed and fully .. dressed except for a coQ.t. His major wound is in the shoulder. He also has a slight shrapnel nick on th� back of his head. The shrapnel penetrated General Mc Nair's " ,. steel hellllet. The covering saved his life. In all probability, General Mc Nair's should is fractured. He is in excellent spirits. The Ground Force Comnander was wounded by artillery fire on his first day at the front ,, while he·1Was visiting the 1st Division. He will pass through Oujd� tomorrow on a flight to Marrakech. General Mc Nair will return to the States but the three Ground Force officers who accompanied him should, General Clark feels, remain :tiuc: the theater to complete General McNair's mission of seeing how well American soldiers are trained and what revisions can be made in the trainin� work underway in the States. Generals Mc Nai-r and Clark have a lcngtr..y discussion on training matters, probing into every B.llile. General Mc Nair knows every angle of his fon\er Chief .. of Staff's views and he wants to find out how they have changed now that General ' .,, Clark has been so long overseR.s and after having seen troops in action. General Mc Nair makes the emphatic statement th.at "American soldiers are not fighting!" • He agrees with General Cl�rk that American troops must be more severely disciplined and sa;cys tha.t such a program will be stressed in the Sta.tes. General Clark explidns • how he is attempti?ijl; to make discipline much more severe and that it is his belief •• that only a well-disciplined soldier is a fighting soldier and that the discipline • is one fora of combat life insurance. • !I The two ienerals then �o into the British..Junerican problem and the question of • " hii!h co>mand. S..ys General Clark later: "General McNair alWJ1YS has·relt that the British have gypped us out of everythihg." Like General Clark, General McNair • believes that there should be a purely American sphere of action with American troops under American command; that there should be no mixing of troops. Like • General Clark, the Array Ground Force commander "deplo�es" the mixing of units. • The Fif"th �r Commandor tells General Mc Nair that he is going to get British troops in hie Army area and that British officers and men are going to attend Fifth Army Training Centers. General Mc Nair stresses the need for American troops under • " American comnand, British troops under British command. ,I Next the two generals iO into the Spanish situation, a possible development " that is of great interest to General Mc Nair. General Clark explains the current critical problem he faces, the one that he outlined recently to General Eisenhower in the letters that have already appeared in this diary. Mc Nair sees the SQ.Irle .. dangers General Clark sees. The position of the Fifth A� is di�cussed and General Mc Nair says he believes the Fifth Army should have been u3ed on the Tunisian front. He says that if it is not going to be employed, it who:illd be sent to EJiiland to plan oper�tions and move into a new theater of wcu- from there. .. General Clark returns to his Fifth Army Headquarters in late afternoon. The • guard of honor has been busy during the genenl's absence, honoring Mr. Mack and • :., .. General Whiteley and French General Dario, commanding French units that are being • " .. .. re-equipped and trained in the Mostagenem. area. Gener�l ClQ.I'k finds, upon his SECRET f~i!::·,~ . -:. r qticHs . British .~ .. ''~ll · _...;..,... - . t,\03T SECRET �UB$V�:ls ) SECRE.T British /v'\OST SECRET � ,Jl!JI,'''' ... return. ., that a planned trip to, Figuig, south of Oyjda., which he was to have t.Jcen toaorrow, has been postponed because the air fielM down there is a sea of mud and the C-47 could not land o The trip, which was to have been in the nature of a good­ will visit to local Arab and French leaders in the district, is postponed indef­ initely, until the weather, which has been extremely bad all week, improves. • General Clark vonfidentially lets down his hair on a number of problems that luwe been worrying him. This is the tenor of hie thought: "From my point of view," he says, "it is inexcusable that high planning, on. an over-a.11 scale is not ta.ldni a def�ite fom. Planners should project themselves forward and accordingly set up a grand-scale strategic plan for the Allies. We c an 1 t win the war by capturing islands. This coming move in the Mediterranean will be no great move. In reality, we will get no place by doing it. The result will not be colllllensurate with the effort and the losses involved. "We are going to rui.ve to attack the continent proper and we should decide now how we are going to do it. This lack of forward looking plans is inexcusable. If plans a.re beini r.iade they should be 11ade available to the people who a.re going to have to execute them. All-iaportnnt time values--time to plan, time to train for a specific goal--are being lost. C "The Fifth Amy should be told now what its ultimate planned mission will be. That lliesion aight chta.nge with the passing of time but the time is comi� when an Amy will have to invade the continent. The Fifth Army needs some definite goal, soml'.!tthing it c&n begin planning for and pointini toward. Give u� an objective, an area. and let us st&.rt the pla,nning. If there ever was a trt1ism, i-t is that, there is nover enoUih tille for planning. Troops that are going to be assigned to the Fi.fth A:rry should be designated im\ediately so they could be built up with the discipline they wst have, so we could develop team play, espirit de corpe 8:lld a multitude of integrated things an Army should and 11USt have. If' we could get these two things--a �oal and a definite waderstlilllding of what would comprise the Fifth Arlly-·there would be impetus on my part to inculcate a spirit of solidarity within the Fif'th Ar-,,y. Every JU.n, lmowine; that we had a definite goa.l, would put forth more effort. "As for this next ope�tion in the Mediterranean-it is a horrible e:xam.ple, • one of the most hoITible exa.mples of inefficient planning in military history. General Alexander is iOing to comlllB.nd it, yet, he is now preoccupied by another cuPQi4ln and is unable to give his attention to the pending operation. I all charged with training units for this operation ., yet another 11B.n-arra • s:zu't ._..................-. will execute the operation. This thing is a.s horribly .... screwed up as any projected operation could be. I think it is deplorable. The British insist on the high command, yet, the rum who will command hasn't even time to think about the operation that lies ahead. I anticipate that the same command problem will arise with the next operation following this -0ne.11 "This invasion is twenty times tougher than our landing here in North Af:rica. It will be extremely costly and it hasn't the chances of euccess th�t TORCH had. A merican troops are going to 'participate in it yet the British are keeping an A11erican army out of the show." ( These problems are some of the natters that cause incessant worry to the Fifth Army commander. For tho most part, the general bears his cross alone, not lettini SECRET NOS T SEC '">[i �SECRET 135 .. [�trals British MOST SECR L. 1 · I! I aey officers know the fears that beset hifll.. To all of them he ?lust present an air of complete optimism, of faith in the future use of the Army he commands. • 0 • In the evening, General Clark has Lieutenant Colonel Bruce at his villa £or • • dinner. * * -IC· OUJDA, APRIL 29, 1943-•LieutellU.t General McNair passes through Oujda today •• • • on a fliiht to Marrakech where he will recuperate fro• ai• wounas before retur•i� • • to the Uritea. States a•d General Clark stages a celerf'ul review ud reception for • • tae ce1111&Ader •f the A�·Grewai Ferces. Ta• ceaeral, acc••})a.Jliei by •eabers of ais staff who bai aervei at the A � •• • War College in Washi�on wader Ge•eral McNair, gees to the airport in •id-aorniag. • • • • The Fi£th Anq ba•d a•d t.lte Military Police C••pa!O", extre•ely saart in its white • equipaeat, is linei up at the field. Geaeral McNair is not collbg into Fifth Army • •• • heaciquartera so tlle review JIUSt be held at the field. When General McNair 1 & C-47, • "' aeat to hill by GeJteral Clark, lands, General Clark help:s his old c011mander out • • • • C of the plue. Geaeral McNair 1 a left ara is in a sliag. While the Dalld plays three • • • ill flourishes , Geaerals Clark, McNair, Grueather anci other officers stand wad.er the • • C. wi.Jlc of the pl.alte, salutbe. Ge•eral 11.cNair the• inspects the honor eua,rci 8lld • greet• efficers who feraerly were with hi.JI in the Aray Ground Forces. Follewing ..• • ., the rerlew, General McNair, who is ucompanieci by an a.nay ioctor and nurse, re­ • • • e, « ii aearis the transport 8.Jld takes off for Marrakech. Fell•wini General McNair'a de­ • • • parture, General Clark returns to Firth Aray Headquarters. There is a strone boni • •• • • 15 Ntween the Aray Growad Force Conunudlrr and his former Chief of Staff. Speak� • of Ge•eral Mc.Nair after he gets be.ck to his office, General Clark remarks: "There • i• one of the finest officers and the greatest eentleaan in the United States Aray." • .. .. .. .. ~ - The re11ainder of the genearal's clay is spent workin& in his office on the • • • II tremendous aaowat of work that flows over his aesk. At the front, thi�s are goine • • • • • • II ,. extremely well.with the 1st Armored Division, the 9th and lat Infantry divisions • are pusb.ing steadily forward. in the northern sector teward Mateur. • • " An interestine paper reaches General Cl.ark today. It is a co11J1unique put out •• • • • the National Fro3t for Liberation, Oujda committee, a pro-DeGaulle or;anization. • • • In it, it aentions ina�tion ceremonies of the Foyer Franco-Allie at which • • General Clark spoke recently. Ia part, it says: • • • by .. 0 " •••we listenea sadly. The one who laborei all the time, who always kept his • ., II .faith anu hia hope in spite of everything was not honoreci••• " The co111J1unique then I! e aidresses the Fifth A.ray Co11J18.!1der as follows: "General Clark, this cereaow should • • have 'been a cl•se coJ1Dunion between the A•rica of Freedom and the France of General • • • • • • " Ii ieGaulle, the France which has expected., hopei for and greetea your arrival. You • • • " ,, !I couli have presided a.t.,1an un.forgettable celebration. On the contrary, you have • • " atteniea a painful sacrifice. • "Diel you realize how J1Uch France--who reJ1B.inea. alive in the hearts of the best • .. • FrencluaeA even iuring the days of oppression-suffered to see the syabol of re­ • • • sistance willfully forgotten in your presence? We greetei in you not only the coun� • • • :.:, try you represent, but also your soldiers treacherously aurderea at Casablanca and • Pert Lyautey. THE FRENCHMEN HAVE NOT FORGOI'TEN THEIR BLOOD. � know that those who 0 assail you toiay with their flatteries, Nogues and the others, are only the traitors ... ■ a .. ( \ .. sr: C: WJtmI~lt{~: r?E1'2 ,, < ._ 11,, f 1 .'.. . . - ' i- I l .. · :·,./ ~\ · · ,· . Equals British MOST SECRi 0 �SECRET. ( E.quctls British MOST SECRET •f yesterday who submitted to the Geraan invaders, the 11Urierers of your soldiers and of ours who were sacrificed in a fraticidal stmggle ••• " •••The French people will not.rise ag�in if an end is not put to the present • situation. To bri� an eni to the fight for Liberation, it is up to the French • • " National Committee in London to carry on, witp General deGaulle, the fight which • began on the marrow of treachery." • .. This letter is iniicative of the aistrust between deGaullista and other • • • Frenchaen; it show• the fiiht for power and for glory that is still going on, • • • • • that is still wracking the French ani preventing their concentration OR one goal-­ • • • • • reatoration of Franc. without regari to personalities. • .. * *x * OUJDA, APRIL 30, 1943---The General arrives at his office shortly after 8 A.M. and goes over his usual accumulation of routine papers and cables. At 9:30 he has in new officers recently assigned to Fifth Army Headquarters •. He gives them a splendid welcoming talk, ca1ling their attention to the fact that this is a friendly headquarters but that he has set up for it the highest possible standards. Nothing but the very best will be good enough. He says that in the establishment of a new headquarters such as this, a good many spare parts have been thrown to­ gether but that corrections will be made and that each will have a part to play in the team which is being organized here for the job t�e Fifth Army has ahead of it. He stresses the importance of checking on discipline, correcting errors and of giving every effort to the preparation of both officers and enlisted men for the time when they will be thrown into be.ttle. The job of the Firth Army now is to train, develop and prepe.re its personnel for the combat which lies ahead. He repeats the slogan of the Firth Army, "An Alert Soldier is an Alive Soldi�r", and stresses its significance in time of battle. Shortly after the new officers are dismissed, Colonel Mickelwait, JA, comes in to discuss the approaching court martial: Major Anderson, AC, who lost cer­ tain classified doouments on the occasion or the CPX at Ma.rrakech. He afterwards sees Colonel L. T. David, SSO Officer of AFHQ, and Lt. Col. Mitchell of General Osborn's staff in Washington, who come in to discuss matters pertaining to enter­ tainment and recreational facilities for troops in this theater. Major Novotny, SSO Officer for the Fifth Army, is with them, and views and ideas are exchanged. Don Whitehead, Associated Press Correspondent, comes in to pay his respects to the General and to become oriented. He will be permanently assigned to Fifth Army and will prepare and handle all releases to his syndicate after they have been cleared by proper authorities in this headquarters. \ At about 1:30, Colonel Howard, G-2, informs General Clark of the following: By means or a secret radio message from Melilla, Captain LeGrande, head of the French Service Renseignement at Oujda, had received information of a planned meeting between the Caid of the Beni Snassen Tribe and two German agents on Spanish territory, at a point on the Moulouya River �here the course of the river had been changed, making an island in the river. The time of the meeting was not known. In order to determine that, the Ca.id was to be "tailed" by French agents. General Nogues had ordered the arrest of the Caid and, if necessary, that he be killed. The French Secret Service proposed a plan to cross into Spanish ·\ ,. S.�GREr ,, . Equals 8rirish MO'::.;T SfCRE"i �l37 territory, provided the Germans had no Spanish protective force, and capture the Germans and Ca.id during the meeting and for American personnel to parti­ cipate. General Clark renders the decision that American personnel is to stay on French soil and that their presence in the area in question will be for the purpose of gathering information only. He also states that his respon• sibility requires him to influence the French to stay off Spanish soil in connection with the incident. If they wish to arrest the C8.id, it should be done on French soil. No act is to be committed which will create an incident at the border with either the Spanish or the Germans. Accordingly, Colonel Howard issues instructions to Counter Intelligence Corps personnel, carrying out the above decision, and Captain Burgoin, French Army, states he will make General Clark's wishes known to the Freno� and that he will definitely see that the French will respect them and remain off Spanish soil. Also, Captain Burgoin is to report back that the above arrangements have been made. Word is received that the 3rd Division is being ordered out of ITC and to the f'ront. General Gruenther, Chief of Starr, is called in, and a lengthy discussion ensues. In the afternoon, the General calls in Lt. Col. Broaddus, Provost Marshal, and goes with him on a visit to the MP Barracks in town. After his return to the office, he cleans up an accumulation of papers and goes out for his usual exercise walk. On his return, he confers at some length with General Gruenther and then leaves the office and returns to his villa. At 7:00 P.M. he goes out for a turkey dinner at General Gruenther•s Villa Vautherot. * * * OUJDA, MAY 1, 1943·--This is the General's birthday. General Gruenther and other members of the staf"f have made elaborate plans for the occasion. Being an expert in the art of practical joking and of creat­ ing effective situations to meet any occasion, General Gruenther has organized a series of events which will make the day unforgettable to the General. The General's personal staff has been instructed to take no recognition whatever of the fact that this day is different than any other. Sergeant Chaney has suf• fered almost to the end of his endtn"ance in carrying out his instructions not to wish his beloved General a Happy Birthday. The General at his office is greeted in the same manner, and all members of his staff completely ignore the fact that this is his birthday. ( A formation is set up for 10:30 A.M. in the conference room, under the sub­ terfuge that three officers who have recently returned from a tour with the Eighth Army will report on their experiences. The problem of keeping the General occupied and reasonably contented up to that hour is tremendous. Papers, real and fictitious, are shoved in with great abandon. Colonel Martin, of the Medical Section, comes in to dismiss certain matters, particularly the "serious" results from atebrin tablets which have been taken by the headquarters troops in this area the night before. Many "violent illnesses" have occurred, and an alarming. percentage of personnel have been s eriously affected. After he leaves, the _.:;~~~,;,~ ~ .. iJ~i - ,.---":: ,.,,;\~\\\l\~i\i;1~ CRL 'B'lff~ fAt5 Equ a rsi/,l °i'. f{""" 5i SE �S6€RE1· Equols British N\OST SEC.RE-; ., ( <. General's old friend, Colonel Sullivan, is drafted to fill the gap until the formation at 10:30 and, in the course of an attempt to consume time, talks himself into a conference regarding handling of supplies as compared to the British system, much to his own consternation. Shortly before 10:30, the General leaves the office for the conference and gives instructions to his office that he is to be called out at about ten minutes past eleven. As he enters the conference, the group is called to attention by Colonel Bertholf. General Gruenther takes his place before the group and begins his introduction of the thr�e speakers. He has scarcely got under way when there is a disturbance at the door, and Lt. Lemaux enters and announces in a loud voice that there is a message to be delivered to General Clark. He is brushed aside by General Gruenther several times, but Lema.we is persistent and insists upon the message being received. General Clark is becoming disturbed and is on the point of taking over the situation himself when General Gruenther relents and requests the message be sent in. Two Red Cross girls come in the door with Western Union signs on their caps, walk up in front of General Clark and begin to sing "Happy Birthday". All of the officers rise and join in with the singing. This is the first indication that the General has had that this meeting is brought together in recognition of his birthday. Sergeant Chaney·then comes in with the birthday cake, which is passed among the assembled officers with a glass of wine. General Moran proposes a toast to General Clark, who responds with a few apropos remarks concerning his friends and how much they have meant to him to have them with him in this headquarters. A few minutes later the assembly breaks up, and the General is escorted to the courtyard, where a guard of honor, consisting of two platoons of C Company of the 101st MP Battalion, greets him. On the east side of the court­ yard, standing in formation,are all. of the enlisted men of the headquarters, and on the west side all of the officer personnel. The General is given the ruffles and nourishes to which a Lieutenant General is entitled, with a cle­ ver interpolation of the familiar strains of "Happy Birthday To You" woven in " to the more martial strains. As he begins inspecting the platoons·with General Gruenther, the band strikes up the tune "The Old Gray Mare". After the inspection is over, he and General Gruenther proceed to the center of the courtyard, where he speaks his appreciation for this fine ceremony, how much it means to him and how he considers it an exemplification or the teamwork, cooperation and friendly spirit which prevails at this headquarters. The forma­ tion is then dismissed by General Gruenther, and doughnuts and coffee are served to the entire assemblage by Red Cross girls from the doughnut wagon which has been brought in for the occasion. When the General returns to his office he informs his staff that all is forgiven for the cold reception he is given in the early morning. General Eisenhower calls to wish the General a Happy Birthday, and tells him that he may visit the Headquarters on Wednesday the 5th. After lunch he returns to his of­ fice, cleans up his papers and gives particular attention to the situation report. Strenuous fighting is developing along the whole Tunisian front, and many more American troops are being connnitted for what is hoped to be the final i� .:r ;,. SijE:R.E,T Equals Bri¼ish MOST SECRL �( drive. He leaves the office early and goes to the villa where he checks up on arrangements for the birthday party which he is giving in the evening. At 6:30 the guests begin to arrive, having been preceeded by Miss Moen and Miss Berney of the American Red Cross, who assist in the �ngement of flowers and add final feminine touches to the setting of the table for the buffet sup­ per. The guests ares Generals Gruenther, Moran and Taylor; Colonels Sullivan, Ma.rkoe, Lewis, Howard, Gale and-Bertholf; Lieutenant Colonels Bruce and Smith; Majors Nygaard and Ball, Captain Houston and Misses Berney, Moen, Mohler and Matson. Chaney, with the able assistance of Colonel Sullivan, Major Nygaard, and the rest of the General's personal staff, has done himself proud - turkeys, ham, vegetables, cake, ice cream and coffee appear in ample and delicious quan­ tities. During the meal various toasts a.re given the General, his family and his further success. Following is a report Colonel Sullivan wrote on the birthday celebration: "The boss' forty-seventh birthday was celebrated on May 1. As a prelimi­ nary, several days previously his wife's letter was studied, her desires under­ stood and plans for carrying them out were dismissed. This was supplemented by the general desire throughout the command that his birthday be fittingly ob­ served. Instructions were issued that congratulations wer& not to be expressed, even by the intimates of the household, so that a complete surprise would result. "The program included a fake conference to which he was invited and during which the festivities were to start, after 10:30 A.M. He wanted to go away and was exceedingly piqued because of an api:;arent failure to observe this date, es• pecially after he had meticulously remembered the birthdays of his staff and had painstakingly written each a congratulatory letter. The weather was bad; the pilots had colds. So for all intensive purposes, the boss was grounded! His deputy's job was to keep him occupied until the hour for the conference, and this was difficult. In this the Medical Officer assisted by elaborating for about thirty-five minutes on the worthlessness of atebrin. Then I was called to hold him for the last fifteen minutes and, in so doing, I damned the supply system and talked myself into a conference whereby I could promote its better• ment. However, all was then set and the conference started. "In an ordinary schoolroom the chiefs of sections were assembled and the deputy was talking when a messenger arrived, stating that an important message had been received. The deputy directed that no notice be ta.ken of it, and the messenger became insistent, even to the point of insol�nce. This upset the boss considerably and apparently he wanted to leave. Then the messenger was instructed to bring the news in. Along came two Red Cross girls dressed as Western Union messengers, singing "Happy Birthday To You." This stumped the boss. He was visi­ bly ta.ken aback but retained his poise. Then Chaney came in with a beautiful cake, and a delicious port wine was served. Toasts were drunk to his health and he responded very pleasantly. C "The band had assembled outside and played "Happy Birthdayt'· and the General's March. A guard of honor was formed on its left; the officers on one side and the enlisted personnel on the other, and a formal inspection followed, succeeded by a few words of appreciation. Then the Red Cross came, and four hundred guests were served coffee and doughnuts. The General mingled freely with all and each one, �Iyo ( in turn, came up and congratulated him. All in all, it was a very beautiful ceremony, wonderfully well planned, perfectly executed, and the surprise ele• ment was 100%. I know that the spontaneity of this gesture pleased him and impressed him very deeply. "In the evening at 6:30, about seventeen intimates gathered in his quar­ ters for a buffet dinner. Scotch-and-sodas and delicious rum cocktails were served. The drinks were foll01'ed by an excellent potato salad, plus turkey and ham wonderfully well prepared. Each guest was self-served and then all went into the living room where, on a Moroccan table was placed a beautiful cake prepared by the Bakery Company, on which was written "Happy Birthday Wayne from Renie." It was as delicious a cake as I have ever tasted, and the boss mit it personally. Wine was passed and a toe.st to his entire family was given, to which we all responded. Then three bottles or champagne mysteriously appeared, and the boss toasted his oldest and most intimate friends, those who were there with him, and commented on the fact that, with such personnel, the unit would go far. Movies were then shown and at 10:45 we all departed. "Almost everybody had a hand in the succe·ssful carrying out of this pleasant day. It was a fitting tribute, and I believe it was genuinely appre­ ciated." This is the confidential memorandum put out prior to the General's birthday celebration: ( "Because of the surprise feature contemplated it is desired that all per­ sons under your jurisdiction be warned: "That they will not repeat NOT under any circumstances imply to General Clark in any way directly or indirectly that they have knowledge that Saturday 1 May 1943 is his birthday. They will NOT repeat NOT congratulate General Clark or felicitate with him in any way prior to the 1030A - 1100A Ceremonies already announced." * * * OUJDA, MAY 2, 1943·--Nothing particular being scheduled for the morning, the General arrives at the office on this Sunday morning a little later than usual. He confers briefly with General Taylor concerning airborne activities. The regular routine of papers and correspondence is quickly taken care of. The weather is extremely bad. It is found that Captain Fawkes and his party, scheduled to arrive from Algiers for the Pasha of Oujda's diffa, will be unable to come because of weather. A substitute list is prepared, and the plans go ahead for the occasion with a few new names on the guest list. Colonel White of the 2nd Armored Division is passing through and calls to pay his respects to the General. Most of the rest of the morning is consumed with final preparation for attendance at the diffa. At 1:30 the General leaves his villa for the residence of the Pasha, accompanied by General Gruenther and Colonel Saltzman. He joins the rest of the guests at the residence. ·· Sr:r.pET .,.. t,,,.\_;..;i"',.,..., Equc!s British fAOST SECRCT �sEGRET S~CR[ E ~/J'°b.iH;h ~ ':-:· . - I L\ l . . ,~:·,HW f,\0':.;T ( All of the important French officials of this vicinity are present at guests of the Pasha, in addition to various officers of the Fifth Army. Several wives of the French officials are present, and two nurses and two Red Cross girls are included in the list of ladies present. The usual courses are served on the veranda, which is arranged with cushion seats against the walls on three sides. Courses of mutton, chicken, honey and almond pastries and the usual delicious Arabian foods are brought forth in the customary seemingly endless manner. During the meal, six Arabian musicians play Ara­ bian music, and a small, 11-year old boy sings Arabian songs to its accompani­ ment. After the meal is finished, tea, champagne and cakes-are served under an awning in the garden. An atmosphere of fellowship and friendship prevails. A.s the General leaves, the Pasha says that this has been the greatest day of his life. The following message from General Clark is printed in today's Fifth Army Bulletin: ( "It is.my desire to thank the entire personnel of this headquarters for the tribute which was pa.id me on the occasion of my birthday. I consider it a splendid exemplification.. of the soldierly way in which this headqus.rters is developing into a team which will soon be ready for battle. The personnel of this headquarters has been drawn together literally from the four corners of this theater, and I am delighted to observe the manner in which it is shaping itself into a well-organized, cooperative, friendly and efficient command group. With the continued growth of the splendid spirit which has been demon­ strated on this occasion, it will be with pride and confidence that I shall lead the Fifth Army into combat, when our time arrives." * * * OUJDA, .MAY 3, 1943---The General arrives at the office ·at the usual time. The demonstration which has been scheduled for the Invasion Training Center has previously been cancelled, and the weather is so bad that the General is unable to make any of the other inspection trips which he has planned • a . . General Taylor comes in shortly after 9:00 A.M. with Lt. Col. Moorman to discuss plans and training for paratroops. At 10:00 A.M. a staff conference is held for the purpose of hearing reports of visits to the Eighth Army from Colonel Boatner, Engineer Officer, Lt. Col. Wood, Executive Officer, G-3 and • Lt. Col. Hansborough, Ar tillery Section. Speakers were introduced by General Gruenther, and Colonel Boatner was the first speaker. ( Colonel Boatner gives a generalization of his trip and his impressions as a whole of the Eighth A:rrtr:r, the most important of which were that the Eighth Army has developed over a period or two or three years into an extremely well­ operating team with a great deal of confidence and knowledge of their abilities and limitations. They lmow their troops well and which of them do best under certain conditions. There is a lack of uniformity of dress which, on the whole is very casual among staff officers, sweaters and slacks being conunon. They have some outstanding leaders, especially General Montgomery, in whom all of the officers and men have a great deal of confidence. Equals British fv\OST SECR. �.. · .SECRET ,,1, ' I � ' �.. b BriHsh /',\O.:.,T SEC ( . Colonel Boatner was impressed by the lack of fine equipment, or at least the small amount of it, as compared with our Army and wonders if we possibly couldn't get by on less. He noted that the road discipline was, on the whole, very poor according to our standards, and they seem to depend entirely on their air superiority which appears to get the job done. He reports that mines and booby traps are still a serious menace and have become more serious because of the use of scattered fields which the Axis are now laying. They also have had trouble with the use of non-metallic mines which defy a mine detector and make it necessary to resort to visual means for location. The Scorpion has been used with some success but did not work well near the Enfidaville line because of the roughness of the terrain. There had been numerous mechanical failings which had been due largely to the fact that they have been made up in the field and not in large machine factories in the home areas. The mine detectors have required constant repair, and arrangements have been made here at Fifth Army to provide training for repair men to be used when neoessa.ry. The British battle, and they of its armor and other 2/3 to use C have decided that every new armored outfit loses its first jokingly propose that they send it into battle with only 1/J let it use that getting its training, which will leave the when they have become seasoned. Colonel Wood reports that the Eighth Arrrry is a cocky outfit, an::l they feel that they can beat anything that comes in their way. At any rate, it is a healthy cockiness, and they have been beaten a number of times and know their • limitations. Colonel Wood confines his remarks to the operation of the G-OP Section with a brief description of the tactical headquarters, which is General Montgomery's personal command post and whose, functioning is to keep him, as Army Commander, in touch with all developments in the battle. Colonel Hansborough confines his remarks to the Eighth Army anti-tank de­ fense and their aerial photography set-up. He gives the TBA allowance for the various British units of anti-tank guns. He says that the great difference between the British Eighth Army and American anti-tank doctrines is that the British believe in using the anti-tank gun to protect the infantry rather than to use it to destroy enemy tanks, as is taught in the American A:rmy. He seems to prefer the British system which does not permit the tanks to over-run the infantry position and chance-destruction of the tanks in the rear area with resulting confusion. Colonel Hansborough tells of his visit to the 285 Photo Wing and describes the fine work that that unit is doing with the very poor equipment they have at their disposal. He contributes their efficiency to the fact that there is proper coordination between the people that take the pictures and the people who need them, which, to date, has been greatly lacking in the American Army. He explains the use of the Counter Battery Officer, located in the vicinity of the Photographic Wing, whose mission it is to spot enemy artillery concentrations in battle field photographs and relay their locafun by coordinates by direct wire to the Army artillery officer for dissemination to the artillery units. ( SECRET 8ri:i�h t\0'.:T SE Cf �SECRET ~ ~ .. ~ 1./: \�3 't ,:. �oafs. British MOST SECRET ' f f I " General Clark then gives a short talk in. which he thanks the speakers for their fine work in observing and transmitting their observations to the rest of the Firth Army Staff. He says that we are very fortunate to have a bird's eye �iew of the battle arena and that we should benefit by it as much as possible. He further states that he received a call from General Eisenhower yesterday and reports that the Commander-in-Chief plans to visit Firth Army Headquarters on Wednesday providing developments at the front permit. He says that General Eisenhower talked at some length regarding failures of American troops at the front and that he had reached the decision that their • trouble can be summed up in the one word: "Discipline". General Clark says that he told General Eisenhower that Fifth Army had reached the same conclusion and that steps were being taken for.correction. He told General Eisenhower that he thought the Commander-in-Chief would note the improvement in discipliieon his arrival in Firth Arrrry area. General Clark then tells his staff to make sure that such is the case. Shortly after the General has returned from the conference, Lt. Col. Kenneth Clark, Public Relations ·Officer of the F.if'th Army, returns from his tour at AFHQ and makes a report on his experiences there. In the afternoon, Major General Huebner, who is to be the new G-3 of AFHQ,· arrives and a conference is held with General Clark and General Gruenther in the Chief' or s+.aff 1 s office. \ In the evening the General goes.to Villa Vautherot to attend a small dinner for General Huebner which is attended by General Gruenther, General Wilbur, Colonel Kammerer and Colonel Saltzman. * * * OUJDA-FRITISSA-OUJDA1 MAY 4, 1943---After a few minutes at the office, the General leaves in his Piper Cub with Captain Gillespie, his pilot, to visit the Fifth Army Engineer Training Center at Fritissa, in the vicinity of Guercif. Just before taking off, he says good bye to General Huebner. Arriving at the F.A.E.T.c., General Clark makes an inspection or the layout of the school, dis­ cusses .the training program with the Connnanding Officer, Lt. Co1.·wyatt, and ob­ serves the various groups of students, including one of his aides, Lieutenant Beardwood, removing mines and booby traps. He then returns to his headquarters, arriving at about 1:30 P.M. After lunch at his villa, the General confers with his Chief of Staff con­ cerning the arrival tomorrow of General Eisenhower. Colonel Smith, ·Headquarters Commandant, is called in, and arrangements are thoroughly discussed. The two Brazilian officers, Lt. Col. Lyra and Captain Moreas, who have been up in the forward areas, come in.to say goodbye to the General and to thank him for all that he has done to make their·trip over here interesting and worthwhile. A little later, the General's old friend and classmate, Colonel Bradshaw, from AFHQ arrives, and they confer together concerning various matters of mutual concern, including anti-aircraft, Col. Bradshaw's specialty. In the evening at the villa the General's classmates in the Fifth Army Headquarters come in for SECRET l!quals British MOST SECRFT J �SECRET British MOST SECRET ( supper and to spend the evening. The guests are: Sullivan, Colonel Bradshaw and Major Nygaard. * Colonel Markoe, Colonel * * OUJDA, MAY 5, 1943-·•Inunediately upon his arrival at the office, General Clark checks on plans for the reception of General Eisenhower, who is due to-visit this headquarters today. He goes over the plans with General Gruenther and Lt. Col. Smith and is satisfied that everything is in readiness. At about 10 A.M. he makes a personal inspection of the gro1mds to see that everything is ship­ shape. At ll A.M. he leaves the headquarters in his car to meet General Eisen­ hower at the field. The C-in-C 1 s plane lands at 11:32, and General Eisenhower gets out with his Naval Aide, Lt. Comdr. Butcher. They are brought in from the airport, ac­ companied by a motorcycle escort. General Eisenhower is impressed by the mili­ tary appearance of the soldiers he passes and remarks on the fine discipline and smart appearance of troops he observes. ( Arriving at the headquarters, he is greeted by a guard of honor, consist­ ing of eight platoons of the 101st MP Company. After the ruffles and flourishes for a full General are pla.yed by the band, he and General Clark inspect the guard, and the C•in-C is favorably impressed by their fine appearance. The two Generals then proceed to General Clark's office where a personal conference is . held, at which time they discuss many matters pertaining to future operations and the part the Fifth Army will be expected to play. A conference is then held in the conference room, attended by the heads of the various sections of this headquarters. General Eisenhower speaks briefly, ·but most effectively, and everyone present leaves the meeting inspred by the few but effective words he has said. He tells them that he has come here for a personal conference with the Commander of the Fifth Army. He says that while our job now is primarily training and our place in the picture may appear to be a long ways removed from actual combat, our time is corning and that it will come sooner than we expect. He stresses the importance of continuous training. He says that if two battalions are in the line of actual combat and a third batta­ lion in reserve, the third should be _training. We have 17 divisions opposing 5 divisions, and we are having a terrific fight. 01.ll' foe is experienced, well• trained and tough. When the time comes for the invasion, it must be done by armies and not by divisions. It is clear then that since the Fifth A:rrrry is the only one in this theater, it will be expected to play an important part. He says that his short visit here in Oujda has been one of the brightest spots in his experience in Arrica because of the well-disciplined and smooth­ functioning organization that he has observed. General Clark then accompanies General Eisenhower to his villa where a quick lunch is served. General Gruenther and Cqlonel Saltzman, in the meantime, have taken Commander Butcher to Vil],a. Vautherot. Shortly after 1 P.M. General Clark and General Eisenhower return briefly to the office and then leave for a quick inspection of the Headquarters Company SECRET British MOST SECRET �IYS Equals British MOST SECRET bivouac area. They then proceed directly to the airport with the same motor­ cycle escort which previously accompanied them in from the field. General Eisenhower takes off for his headquarters at Algiers at about 1:50 P.M. General Clark returns to his own headquarters well pleased with the results of the visit and happy that his organization has made such a good impression on the C-in-C. He calls Colonel Broaddus, the Provost Marshal, and connnends him highly for the fine appearance of his men. He and General Gruenther then make an inspection of the MP Barracks, which General Eisenhower was not able to do during his short time at the headquarters •. After a few minutes at his office, the General leaves for the Recreation Center at Saidia in his Cub plane, piloted by-Captain Gillespie •. Colonel Saltzman and Major Ball follow by car and find, on their arrival, that he is already on the beach relaxing in the sun. His Cub plane has landed on the roadway immediately in front of the villa. Aner a short swim and a little sun bathing on the beach, the General returns to his villa, has a few refresh­ ments, dresses and takes off in the Cub for Oujda. Shortly before 8 P.M. he departs for the residence of Monsieur Ahmed, Civil Controller of rural Oujda for dinner. The guests are General Clark, General Gruenther, Colonel Saltzman and Colonel Sutherland. * * * OUJDA, MAY 6, 1943---After taking care of his usual accumulation of papers, the. General clears the deck for a day which will be largely consumed by conferences with visitors. At about 10:30 in the morning Brigadier General Rutledge, Com­ manding GeMra.l of the 45th Coast Artillery Brigade, comes in. He is enroute from Casablanca to Oran where his Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Battery will be located. His unit is attached to the Fif'th Army. At 11:30, General Cannon, Comnanding General of the Northwest African Training Command, arrives to discuss matters pertaining to joint training between the ground and air forces. and the furnishing of proper equipment. A guard of honor is held for General Rutledge and General Cannon, and to­ gether they accept the honors and make the inspection. General Clark then con­ fers with General Cannon for some time. Afterwards, they proceed to the villa where they have lunch with General Gruenther. C General Cannon leaves immediately after lunch, and shortly thereafter General Kingman, who has been in the command of the 2nd Armored Division and is to work in connection with the Fifth Army in amphibious training work, arrives. General Clark discusses with General Kingman plans and training programs and then turns him over to the Chief of staff for a more detailed discussion. At about four o'clock Commander Robert Morris, with whom the General has been well acquainted on the west coast at home, comes in to pay his respects and renew his acquaintance. Commander Morris is in conunand of twelve LST's which will be taking part in the training activities of the ITC. SECRET E�vals British MOST SECRET �!fa!!'-"1·:J'•i"•" RET;°::}5,:j f "·. r.riil§J.ithr,__ <ftE · ·?'c ~ ,... •c' • ..· · ll ,.. :,;:) Equals British MOST SEG Mrs. Stevenson comes in to talk about personnel problems in connection with the Red Cross Club at the Fifth Army Rest Center. In the evening at the villa the General entertains as his guests Mrs. Stevenson, Commander Morris and Major Ball. The following notice is published today in the Daily Bulletin: lfThe Army Commander takes keen pleasure in transmitting this message to the personnel at this station: 1 At the conclusion of his visit to this head­ quarters yesterday, the Commander-in-Chief commended the evidences he saw of good discipline and efficient procedure, and expressed his great satisfaction at the appearance of the personnel and installations.'" This is the story that is released to the press and radio concerning the I visit of the Commander-in-Chief to Fii'th Army Headquarters: • • "HEADQUARTERS, U.S. FIFTH ARMY, NORTH AFRICA--General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in North Africa, todey visited the U.S. • I Fifth Army, which is commanded by Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark. 11 I have been greatly impressed by what I have seen, by the discipline, the smartness, the appearance of the troops," said General Eisenho,1er in a brief talk. 11 The men show that they are well trained and know their job. You are doing • • important work, vitally important work. I know that in the days· ahead you will "' make a grateful nation proud of you. 11 "Prior to being assigned the command of the Fifth Army, the first American field army created in this war, General Clark was General Eisenhower's Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Allied 1''orces.11 .. . ( * * fi;�.· SECRET "'--;!.:.,,, * .. Equals British MOST SECRET �SECRET · : ··'<·'�, .:. ,_,· r ( /v\OST SECREl O'PJJDA-SAIDIA, MAY 7, 1943--Allied treopa are pounding at the eates of Tunis and Bizerte ana the e11.a of the Axis in Africa seeas immb.eat. This is the news • • • teniiat as Geaeral Clark, taking a rest at his villa at Saiiia, listens to the C BBC aews. Street ff&hti.ne is Ullderway in both cities. The Axis has been pOUB.ded • • he.ck a.urine an all-out attack with infantry, armored and air units coordinat�. • • The pOWlai� tl1at the Axis has received. from the air is reported to have outdone • • � to ci.ate in tile war. • Equals British .. .. ~ 1 .. .. .. - The Fifth Anq inai&iia, picked from a competition aao� Fifth Aray personnel� • has aeen approved by the War Department. A cable to this effect is receive• this • • • 11 aornini by the Ge•eral. Noraal.ly, the War Departlllent ieesn•t approve ae quickly • uy Amy inaienia wt they aave put an okay on the rea., white and blue skoula.er • patch that ••bers af Fifth Arrq will now wear. Since the Fifth A·"rq was activated • in North Africa, tae patch has an African aotif. It aas a refi be.ckcroun• with a • 'blue Mosle• 11.esqu• iaposed. I•side this, in white, is a capital "A" aaa the Arabic • • • 5. General Clark, who already baa had a sample patch 11ad.e up, llas Sergeant Chaney • • co• to his office ani sew it on the left shoulder of his field jacket. Photo­ :z-aplus are take11, incluiing allots of Chaney sewbi on the insiginia and of General Clark with Master Serieant Evers of the Cheaical Warfare Section who tho�ht up • • the winn� design. • .. ~ .. At 11 AM, General Clark leaves for his villa at Saiaia for a iay of relax­ • .. ation. Arter a quiet luach at ais collfertabl• villa overlGoJd.ni the sea, the Gearal plays Pini pone anci taea, f•llowi.ne tlle arrival of illests, �ees for a awi.JI in. the Mediterraneaa. Because of ra� weather, the sea is quite silty but • tlae GeJaeral 1oea iJa 8:Jl1W8.Y• Afterwari, ae retur•a to his villa. His auests are • Celenela iulliTB.:a, Markoe, SaltZ11EU1, Major Nyeaara, Mrs. S5evensen of the Red Cross and tl:lree people who are at the Rest Camp--Celonel Fechet, who was once • the General's battalion colEIB.ltder at the Presidio of San Francisco• and two nurses, Misses AJllll�s an• Goucher. The ieaeral's aiae, Lieutenant �eardwood, has • accempaniea llia to Said�. Fer the first t:iJle since co•� overseas, it seeas that tae ieneral rela.Ds co•pletely for the first time. He goes about the villa singing, • ll• play-s ping pong ia a carefree way, ae whistles. Fer once, he seeas to have II s.arucgei fer a few hours some of his terrific responsibilities. I• the evenin&, a wffet supper is servei ana then the rather large group sits arouna talkin(. • • • • • The news of Twtis an• Bizerte cemes over the radio. .. .. - . .. At 9 PII it is iecidei that the party will re11ain overnii}at at the villa and • • • • retUrll to �jci.a to11errow morning. Before goi� to bei, §lae eatire ,:roup �oes fer a walk al•Di the winu-swept beach. .. ~ . * * * SAIDIA-OUJDA, MAY 8, 1943--Tunis ana Bizerte have f'allenl The two aajor Tunisian fD�ts fall to the Allies on the six month anniversacy •• • ef the Allied landing in North Africa. Some peckets of resistance still reMin. • • C: As y-et no 118.Ss evacuation of Axis troops has started but the Germans and Italians • • • save withdrawn some of their forces onto the peninsula south of Tunis and they • " .. • 11ay try to aove across the Sicilian straits from there. Twe swift thrusts--ene at Twrls and the other at Bizerte-aave beaten ani disorguizea the Axis. They were uu.bl• to put up any counterattack. The rcuaats or RoDmel's and Von Arni.m's forces • • V were cut to shrets in less t r the big firive CB.Ile. _ . -- � .. ( ~ ■ �!-· . ,..��:"'..,:r.' �r:,,t� I �- .... . Equals· British h\OST S£CRE"i . �SECRET Equals British MOST SECREl ( The greatest air assault that any army has ever had to withdtand, with all • bombing concentrated into an area four miles long by 1,000 yards wide, blasted • the way for the big Allied push in Tunisia. Not many yards of surface in this corridor remained untouched. American flyers had their biggest day on record. • Only one German plane appeared during the day. Farther to the south, at Pont du • Fahs, the French cleared out a pocket of Axis resistance and overran Po•t du Fahs, a point of terrific struggle for several weeks. General Clark leaves Saidia at 10 AM and is back in his office by 11 AM. He quickly reviews the situation. The final phases of the North African campaign • means that the day for the Fifth Army is closer than ever; that instead of re­ • • • laxing, the Fifth Army must pour on the pressure harder than ever. Troops that • • have been fighting at the front will now be returning to parts of the Fifth Al71.r/ area and come under Fifth Army command. They must be re-assembled, re-equipped and brought back to fighting fitness to be ready for the next big operation in • which General Clark's army will undoubtedly play a major role. General Clark has one non-headquarters visitor today, Lieutenant Colonel Schweitzer of the Air Corps • who is in North Africa as an observer from the United States. As usual, the Fifth Array commander pounds again on his conviction that air-ground support, with com­ • plete cooperation, is a prime prerequisite for victory. General Clark also spends a great deal of time with General Gruenther. Tomorrow, General Clark will fly to Casablanca to participate in ceremonies marking the turning over of further equip­ me•t to the French. A report today shows that 140,000 tons of war materiel have been turned over to the French since our landing in North Africa six months ago. This is being used to completely equip two infantry divisions, two armored regiments. When it is • realized that most of the Allied shipping had to be devoted to briqj.ng over mat­ eriel and supplies for Allied troops actually engaged in fighting, the tremendous • �ount of tonnage already turned over to the French can be apprec:ated. Among the miscellaneous tour.age turned over to the French is 1,300 tons of P-39 fighter • planes. In the evening the radio announces that during the past two aays 43 Axis I ships, raniing from lighters to 3;000 to 4,000 ton vessels have been sunk by the Allies iA waters between Tunisia and Sicily. A G-3 report shows that JO Axis • vessels loaded with troops left Tunis harbor during that period. A mass evacuation • • • is not yet underway but it is possible. Allied commanders have declared that evac­ uation of 10 percent of the Axis troops in Tunisia would be considered too high a • • • percentage. With complete control of the air plus the activities of the Royal • Navy, any seaborne evacuation by the Axis would be extremely hazardous and should • • • be doomed to utter failure. • General Clark goes to his villa in the late afternoon to quietly read a stack of letters that have just arrived. They include J18.nY from his family. Fol­ lowing dinner he has a motion picture shown in his villa to a few close friends. * * ( J . * OUJDA-Fli:K-ChSABLANCA, WAY 9, 1943--"The brave French allies ••• will carry • these aras as we march together to free all France ••• 11 Thus ieclares General Clark ~ • J. as .b.e speaks tociay in Casablanca at a ceremony marking the delivery of American war materiel to the French Army • ... . SEGREt Equals British MOST SECRET �i~ ,.,,, u~Js ~ ; i I ]:\fi\lt> .1 MOST SECRE ,. After a quick check-up on papers at his office, General Clark leaves Fifth Army headquarters at 8:.30 AM fer Oujcia airport froc which he takes off at 8:50 AM • • • • in his C-47 fer Casablanca. where he is to make his speech. He is accompanied by Lieut. Col. Sutherland., Major Nygaart and Mrs. William Stevenson of the A1terican • Red Cross. The transport lanis at Ras-El-Mar airport, Fez, at 10:15, and, after c-opping Mrs. Stevenson off, continues on to Casablanca. where the general lands • • at 11:35 AM. He is met by various American and. French fiigniatires and he is honorei • • with a review by French colonial ani native troops. • • • ( .. ' ... Fro• the Casablanca airport, General Clark and hie party drives to Villa Mira­ • • II • dor, home of Ge�eral Arthur Wilson, commanding general of the Atlantic Base Section. • • • After cleaning up, General Clark goes to a luncheon at the famed Anfa Hotel. Guests • .. .. at the luncheon in a«aition to General Clark incluie• Generals Nogucs, Juin and ,.. Lescroux; General \Vilson; Colonel P,yienot, Nogues 1 representative with the Fifth • • Army. Following the luncheon, thft French officers leave and a reception is hela so • can meet the Firth AI'Jr\Y Commander. officers at ABS • - Fellowing the reception, General Clark and his party irive to Ly autey Square • in Casablanca for the special ceremony. The square is jammed with cheering French­ • men wa• applaui anti shout as General Clark arrives. Viith the victory in Tunisia • • I I' ant the ielivery of new fighting�weapons to their army, ihe French are jubilant. • This is the speech that General Clark gives: - "General Nogues, General Lascroux, o.fficers and men of the Alliea Armies, • • ladies and gentlemen: "I have two reasons for profouna happiness on this occasion. The first of • • • these is that today we celebrate a mighty victory in Tunis and Bizerte. Side 1:¥ side, American, French and British soldiers have driven the common enemy from the • last cities they held in Africa. "My other great reason for satisfaction is that today we.delebrate the arrival • of the first great installment of the arms and munitions with which the United Nations are rearming France. The brave French allies with whom we marched to free Tunis and Bizerte will carry these arms as we march together to free all France, to insure that the only Germans on French soil will be prisoners from a defeatea • • army, guarded by the bayonets of victorious France and her allies. "Four months ago I had the privilege of being here in Casablanca during the ti historic Anfa Conference. There, I had the pleasure of introducing General Giraud Cl to President Roosevelt, and in the course of their interview Jdd: I head the Pres­ ident promise the equipment for the French Army whieh is now arriving in North Africa. It will continue to arrive, and no effort of the Axis can stop it, thanks to the skill and devotion of American and British naval and merchant seamen. • "These weapons are zl&'. They are of exactly the same, types as the people of • • a the United Stqtes are furhishing to their husbands, brothers and sons, millions of whom are now under arms. Into their production have gone the energy, the skill, • • the hopes and the sacrifices of the American people, - the toil of our mechanics, our farm1nrs, our scientists - even of the housewives of my country. "In another war, a quarter of a century ago, the Great French Nation turned • • over quantities of equipment to American soldiers. France's help then was no surprise, for France has always had a warm heart, a fervent love of liberty, equality and justice, anci a noble capacity for generous and understanding friend-· shipe 11Today, the American nation is proud to be able to place our weapons in the hands of French soldiers. The shots fired from these $Ul1S will give hope and en"' .. .. ( .. ��·'. SEG:RET . Equ,als Sritish h\OST SECR[i �!00 ( couragement to millions, and will hasten the day of France's deliverance and the Allied victory. "Berlin and Rome and To.ltyo will not like what we are doing here this afternoon. They know that this occasion symbolizes the unconquerable might, the spibit and the kinship of the United Nations. "Soldiers of America and France: remembering the great ieeds of our com­ ralies in Tunisia, let us resolve ane'w that ·we of the American Army and you of the French Army, newly armed�with these same weapons will press forward until our victory in final battle. I hope and believe that French Units equipped with some of the materiel we have before us today, will parade in triumph through the streets of Berlin. As Commanding General of the Fifth American Army, I hope to be by your side frolil start to finish. "General Nogues, General Lascroux, in the name of the Commander-in-Chief, General Eisenhower, I present this equipment to the French Army. "Vive La 1',rancel" II General Juin, · speaking as the respresentati of General Giraud, makes the speech accepting the war materiel. He declares that France will rise from the humiliation of 1940. He predicts victory for the United Nations. Both Generals are cheerei lustily by the crowd. During General Clark's speech, made in English, a Frenchman translates it to the crows in French. 1,e Following the speeches, French troopes pass by in review, carrying with them some of the new equipment from the United States. For the most part it includes tanks and tank destroyer equipment. French and native troops follow the new equipment. With the successful presentation ceremoney, broadcast over the radio, ended, General Clark and part of his party go to boxing matches being staged in • Casablanca by American troops. Later, he returns to Villa Mirador where General Wilson is host at a bufret supper given in honor of General Clark, other American officers and members of the U.S. diplomatic service in the Casablanca region. He remains overnight at Villa Mirador. In Tunisia, mopping up operations are underway. There are now only two pockets of resistance--in the marshland between Tunis and Bizeree and on the Cape Bon peninsula and a small sector to the south of it. General Mast, the French officer with whom General Clark con£erred prior to the Allied landing in Africa last November, has been named. French Resident General of Tunisia. * * * CASABLANCA-RABAT-FEZ-OUJDA, MAY 10, 1943-...All Axis resistance, from the North coast of Tunisia to the juncture where Cape Bone meets the mainland below I Tunisia, collapses today as the German surrender unconditionally to the United States II Corps! Five major generals and one lieutenant general are captured. General Clark is calling on the Sultan of Morocco when the news reaches him. With General Wilson, the Fifth Army CoIIID\ander insI1Cts the ABS Replacement • Depet ana he is please• by the advancement made, particularly in discipline, since his last inspection. At 10:55, General Clark leaves Casablanca for Rabat. He arrives there at 11:.30, is met by General Nogues and is honored by a review of French and native troops :,, •..,: · .· ,;ti::'. ·Hiij SE{i:RET :,. .: .. .. ..•.}:1! Equals British h\OC:'J'.:h!I:· ,!!) ,rrr,� ,'''' I �l:) I I From the airport, General Clark goes to a villa that he has ha.a prepa.rea for his use, should le desire it. This villa in the French capital is f.ar nicer than the general's regular home in Oujda. He inspects it thoroughly. In all probability, it will be used by friends of the general who might be passing through or staying briefly in Rabat. Accompanying Gener al Clark back to Fifth Army Headquarters ii Brigadier General Luis Alamillo of Mexico, second of the group of La.tin American officers who will visit the Fifth Army and North Af'rica . General Clark picks General Alamillo up at Casablanca . other members of his mission are flying direct to Oujda in another plane . At l PM, General Clark and his party go to the Sultan • s palace for luncheon. As usual, The Sultan's 8wn Guard. is out to honor General Clark . Luncheon guests incluae American, French and Arabic officials . One of the highlights of the meeting with the Sultan is the awarding of the Oraer of the Lion to General Gruenther, Colonel Saltzman and l ieut . Colonels Gaylord and Sutherland . A tremendous luncheon is servefi. anci. afterward General Clark jokes that he is "sorry that I have only one stomach to give to~ country . 11 D uring luncheon , the Sultan expresses to General Clark his great gratification at the Allied victory in Tunisia . He asks that General Clark convey his felicitations to President Roosevelt. Later, the Sultan anti the general ta1f of a possible visit to :ti1 OUjda of the Sultan . The Mos em l leader says e would be pleased to visit the Fifth Army Headquarter s early in June . ( General Clark sends the following cable to General Eisenhower for relay t President Roosevelt: 11 His Majesty Sultan of Morocco requested that his felicitations on the victory in Tunisia being celebrated today by Allied forces in cluding Moroccan troops be conveyed to the President of the United States. His Majesty requested also that the President be informed of his personal pleasure on General Clark 1 s being present at the Imperial Palace at , the moment when news of the victory arrived . " General Clark and. his p:1.rty depart from Rabat airport in the Fifth Any Comnander's C-47 at 3 :15 PM land at F'ez just long enough to pick up Mrs. Steven, son and then fly into Oujda, arriving at 5:25 PM From the airport, @eneral . Clark goes direct to q.is office, looks over papers that. have accrued during his absence and then has General Alamillo and his mission in so he can greet them. General Alamillo te l ls General Clark how proud the Mexicians are "to be with the Americans" and General Clark responds that he is "}:ooking fon,ard to the time when Mexican soldiers will be part of the Fifth Ariny l" Among the papers received by the G neral is a letter from Lieutenant Orgaz, high commissioner of Spanish Morocco. Writes General Orgaz: Dear General: "With your letter of Apri l 3rd, I received. the interesting collection of photographs which you had the thoughtfulness to send me on the occasion of your kind visit. ''We all have a pleasant memory of it, and it pleases me greatly to learn that on your side this impression, caused by your brief stay in our !one, is sincerely reciprocated . 11 ( General SECREl}f;}'.i~? ·E Equals ~ritish MO ST SECRET �"I appreciate the generous words which you use with regard to the Spanish troops, and your sympathetic feeling towards our people who left such ineffaceable traces of their spirit and racial virtues on the American continent. 11 Accept, rtry Gen ral, with the assurance of my cor ial esteem, the testimony of my highest consideration, (signed) Luis Orgaz. 11 General Clark spends a quiet evening at his villa. * * * OUJDA, MAY 11, 1943--This is a most diversi£ied a;y--excellent' news from the front where the Germans are surrendering in droves ••• a celebration of the African 1 victory at which General Clark's speech "brings the house ciovm.1 ••• dispatch ·of a COJliratulator-.f cable from General Clark to General Eisenhower in which the Fifth Army commander indicates the Fifth Army's great desire to fight ••• assignmont of divisions and a Corps to the Fifth Ar:my. This is the radio that General Clark sends Gener al Eisenhower: "The entire personnel of Fi£th Army join me in offering you our most sincere congratulations upon your glorious success in Tunisia. It is the hope of the Fi£th Army that we may play a greater part in securing the future defeat of the enemy." General Clark has a lengthy conference during the morning with Major General Matt Ridgway, corru:1 ander of the 82nd Airborne Division. This outfit is now arriving in North Africa and 4,000 troops have already been put ashore at Casablanca. Gen. Cla.rkgoes over plans for the 82nd with General Ridgway. It will participate in forthconing operations against Sardinia. News from the front is terrific. A wedge has been driven between the German troops holed up on the Cape Bon peninsula and those still resisting the British and French in the vicinity of Zachouan. Between 501 000 ani 100,000 Axis prisoners are now in our hands and most of them are German. We are complete charge of the ai r over the entire area as the Luf'twaffe apparently has left the ground troops to their fate. Prisoner stockades are overi:lowing. The A.xis is whipped in Africa and already the British and American air forces are relentlessly pounding at Sardinia, Sicily and. PantelJ.t\ria in preparation for the next r.iove. In this connection, General Clark is flying tomorrow to the Invasion Training Center at Arzew and Port-aux-Poules to watch invasion troops go through their graduation program. The situation over the entire area is excellent. On the Russian .front, the Germans are being kept on their heels, unable to launch any concerted offensive. There too, the Russians seem to have control of the air. In the Zachouan area, late in the day, Axis troops cut off from those on Cape Bon by the driving of the wedge, ask the French general for armistice terms. They are told that the fighting will stop only on terms of "uncondit i onal surrender. 11 , At 12:30 PM, General Clark goes to the Oujda City Hall for a luncheon celebrating the Allied victory in North Africa. It is attenaed by American and French officers and officials and high Arab leaders. Mayor Laurans of Oujda makes a speech during which he declares that news of the African victory will reach the oppressed British /'.\OST SECJ(~T �[53 After thanking the mayor and people of C\ijda for the "fine hospitality 11 they have shown and 11the unstinted help you have given us, 11 General Clark declares: "This great victory in Tunisia must not result ·in our ,letting down. We have two big wars ahead of us . The fir st is to invade the continent of Europe and conquer the hated Bochel" This brings wild applause and shouts . 11The second.," the general continues, "is to conquer the yellow slainks in the South Pacific1 11 The interpreter , interprets the ttyello,1 skunks" as "yellow pigs" and , surprisingly, the French reaction to this declaration is even more enthusiastic than it was for the "Boche. 11 Men st ana. up and cheer . After speaking of the victory, the General turns to the Arab officials and announcei that "His Majesty, the Sultan , will visit Oujda early in June . 11 He tells how he invited the Sultan yesterday and how the Sultan accepted and set the tentative date . Only a Moslem can truly appeciate what this news means to the Arabs. A visit by the Sultan is coneiderea a direct blessing of God on the ci ty . The Arabs are elated . Following the speeches, toasts are drunk to the victory, to General Clark, to other officials . The joy of the Fren ch at the victory over the Axis knows no bounds . In the afternoon, General Clark receives word from Allied Force Headquarters that the fol l owing organizations are being attached to Fifth Amy as pa.rt of the Fifth Army's troops: VI Corps, 1st Division (which has just completed brilliant work on the Tunisian front) and 36th Division (Texas National Guard outfit th.at llas just arrived in Africa) and two British Divisions , the 6th Armored Division and an Infantry Division. These two British outfits will arrive in the Fifth Army area within the next weak or 10 days . Buildup of the Fifth Anrry has started. ancl. General Clark is tremendously pleased . The 1st Armored Div.si on (American unit that has been on the Tunisian front) is a s.so assigned to Fifth Army . Late in the afternoon, Mr. and Mrs. Ste venson of the Red Cross call on the gener al . Mr. Stevenson, who has ju s t returned from the States, reports how pleased the American public is with the African campaign. The only disturbing influence in the United States at present is the fight between John L. Lewis of the Miae Workers and President Roosevelt . Lewis' men ·are striking for higher wages and the situatipn is causing a lot of trouble with Lewis apparently in the driver's seat for the time being. The General has Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson at his villa * * for dinner . * OUJDA-ORAN-ARZE - OUJDA M 12, 1943- -General Clark receives the follow W ORAN , AY ing cable today from the Commanderin - Chief, General Eisenhower, in reply to the Fifth Al"my Commanders congratulatory ' cable of yesterday: I am truly grateful for your fine message . You and the Fifth Army should know that a.11 of us realize how effectively and cheerfully your Command has responded to every demanci made upon it to win the Tunisian campaign . Before this war is over, the Fifth Army is certain to be up with the others on the battleline . 11 11 SEc£p,:T,.,.. ,. -. _ -~t: a:,_:.:. )i ·;, Equals British ~ .. ,,..• ,\·L~ ...; _ ~, ~ • :· tAOSl S£CR ~. �.r,.. 1\/(,. ~ ;'\,. ··,. ,. . 'SECRE?._'\'\;:.,,., . ·· T . . . . .. .. I5 y E1U Bdtish t.\ OST SECR! c . ili' t When this message is handed to Gene~al Clark at Oujda airport when he returns . to his headquarters town after a day at the Invasion Training 6enter during which e was host to a number of high French officials, he grins with delight, particul arly at General Eisenhower's promise that "Before this war is over, the Fifth Army is certain to be up with the others on the battleline." General Clark's day starts early. At 7:15 AMhe is in his office checking over last-minute details of his trip for the day and at 7:30 he leaves headquarters for the airfield where he takes off at 7:50 in his C-47 plane for La Senia Airport at Oran. Arriving there at 8:35, he transfers to his Piper Cub, which has flo,m up ahead of him, and flies to Arzew, landing about 9:15 AMin front of the Invasion Training Center grandstand where he is met by Major General Fred Walker of the 36th Division and Brigadier General 0 1 Daniel, head of the Fifth Army I.T.C. Several French generals from Morocco and Algeria have been invited by the Fifth Army Commanderto witness a typical day's training at the Invasion Training Center and General 0 1Danicl has planned a f'u.11 program to show all facets of the trainiug . These are the French generals who are atteruiing the demonstration: Dario, of the French Armerea. Corps; u Vigier, of the lat Armored Di,zision; Dody, of the 2nd Moroccan Infantry; Martin, of the 3rd. Moroccan Infantry Division; Beucler, commander of the Oujda sub- division; Demont3nvert and Richard of the 3rd Algerian Division; Bonn&fonis of the Oran Division; Sevez, Chief ol Staff to General Juin; and Captain Gras, French Navy specialist ll1 landing operations; a host of leaser French officials, ani American Generals Leavey, head of M.B.s., and Kingman, American officer attached tote French Divisions to assist them in becoming familiar with new American equipment . General Clark keeps the French generals hopping from one iemonstltatiol'lJ[ to another all morning . First they watch a company of the 141st Infantry searching for mines an« rem ving underwater and beachline landing obstacles; next, the secona battalion of the 1/+lst Infantry makes a mock amphibious landing. The third item on the morning program thrills the French the most. It is a demonstration of street fighting by a platoon of the 3rd battalion of the 142nd Infantry regiment. The men work their way up the streets of a mock village, cleaning out houses. They work their way down the side of walls while live tracer ammunition sears its vray down the stteet, inches from them. The morning program also includes a demonstration of 11 how a platoon reduces a.n 11enemy pill box. The entire party lunches at General 0 1Daniel 1 s villa. There is is augmented by two American admirals, Hall and Connolly . In the afternoon General Clark's guests watch a demonstration on how vehicles are waterproofed for amphibious landings; they rite in a DUKW, waterproofed 2 1/2 ton truck that can go to sea under its own or power. Then they watch a battery of the 41st Coast Artillery load and unload an I.ST (landing ship tank} The same group then goes through the same loading and unloading process with an LCT (landing craft tank) . The final demonstration of the day is the unloading of an LCI (landing craft infantry), the huge invasion ships. When the program is enaei, General Clark makes a brief speech to the French. He tells them how happy he is that they were able to witness how the American army is preparing for inusion. 11It is a pleasure," he continues, 11to be able to assist in the equipping and. training of new French divisions . I h pe they will come with the Fifth Army and that sid.e by side we can land on the continent and. push . the hateti Boche from France, city by city and field by field." The French officers cheer the generai, ' s remarks. General Clark then leaves the invasion training SECRET · center, flying in his Cub to l �\ 55 SECR Eq'or.ifs British f,\OS T SECR' . ' La Senia where, with General Beucler and Colonel Poylienot, he again board his big C-4 7 . The transport lands at Oujda at 5:22 H4 and Gener~l Clark , bidding the two French officers goodbye at the field, goes iire ctly to his office where he ais poses of urgent cables before going to his villa where he dines and spends the evening alone . ( Late at night, it is r eported that "Axis armed resistance offi cially at 2015 Hours, Wednesday night, 12 April , 1943 111 * * (in Tunisia) ended * 0UJDA-SAIDIA, MAY 13, 1943--General Clark today initiates action to press on with planning for BACKBONE for setting up the Fifth Army' s fighting forces in and Western Algeria and northern French Morocco. He sends a cabllie to General Eisen hower requesting that the re ppeaentatives of the Eomma.nding Generals of the two British divisions being made available to the Fifth Army report to Fifth Army Headquarters immediately to familiarize themselves with the status of BACKBONE planning . ( Following a conference with Colonels ~erer, Saltzman an~ Robinson Oeneral Gruenther ms gone on a tour of the late front), General Clark also cables the Allied Commander-in- Chief that he will mo headquarters of the VI Corps and the ve 36th Division to the Rabat - Port Lyautey area . 11This,n he radios, "will pro vide a. planning agency and a striking force to execute Western BACKBONEHe then con." tinues: "W the removal of the VI Corps Headquarters and 36th Division from the t.th Tlemcen-Chanzy area, no headquarters remains available in the Eastern area to continue :Ea.stern BACKBONE planning . With the movement of one British Ay,ntoredDivis ion and possibly an additional British Infantry Division into the Oran area, I propose that one of these divisions will pick up the ~stern BACI<B0NE planning and be pr epared to execute it in an emergency . It is for that reason that I desire representatives capable of handling this planning to report to my headquarters without ci.elay. 11 Despite the victory in Tunisia and the growing remoteness of Spa.in making any hostile action, General Clark continues to keep his BAC!<B0NE planning alive and makes every possible move to strengthen his position in event of an Axis move into Spain. The fighting in North Africa is over . The Axis has been defeated. The climax news comes today when it is announced tha.t among the German generals captured was Lieutenant General Von Arnim, supreme commander of Axis forces in Africa ever since Rommelflew to Italy for conferences three weeks ago and then hca~ed back to Germany. Von Arnim was taken on the Cape Bon peninsula by a unit of the British First Army. Surprisingly, about 90 percent of all Axis prisoners taken are German. A great deal of enemy materiel has been taken untouched as a result of the fast breakthrough and the 11unconditional surrend er" pre-requisite that there be no destruction · of German or Italian machines or supplies. In line with his request for British officers to come to Fifth Army headquarters, General Clark is called upon tod ay by British Brigadier A.G. Kenchington, Qirector of training for British forces in North Africa. General Clark outlines his plan to the British officer who agrees to its sagacity and pressing need. SECRET Equals British A\OST SECRL.T �Equat~ Br'itish ···MOS T SECRL 1 Following luncheon at his villa and after checking over papers in his office, General Clark flies in his Piper 6ub to the Fifth Army Recreation Center at Saidia. After checking on the state of affairs at the Camp, the General relaxes at his villa and on the beach. His guests are: Colonel Sullivan; Captain Gillespie, Cub pilot; Captain Houston, his aide; Misses Moen and Bernie of the .American Red Cross and Lieut. Mohler of the 52nd Station hospital who is on leave at the resort. The general has these people for dinner , plus Miss Miller of the American Red Cross staff at Saidia. * * * S~'iIDIA-OU,IDA, 14, 1943-- With the Tunisian campaign closed, a critical MAY period begins during Dhs time that troope are moving from the forward area back to the rear :r' area.s and General Clark, apprehensive about a possible move by the Germans into Spain, pounds hard on perfection of BACKBONE plans. Following his staying overnight at hi::! Saidi& Villa, the General takes off at 9 AMin his Piper Cub and arrives at Fifth Army Headquarters at 9:30 PM. Tge General immediately sees that all is in readiness for the huge dinner he will give tonight for a host of Ot.qjlda officials who have been his hosts during the four months he has been in Oujda. The Fifth Amy Commanderhas decided to pay all his so<dal debts at once. During the morning he also confers with Lieutenant Colonel Duncan of the Air Corps, who is returning to the United States, and Lieut. Col. Smith, regarding headquarters problems. Hot weather has come and various steps must be ta.ken to tighten up sanitation. ( In the afternoon, the Generai confers with Col. Robinson, Anti-Aircraft Officer who has been integrating BACKBOUE planning, and Col. Saltzman, Deputy Chief of Staff. The Vi Corps is going to be headquartered in Ra.bat so that planning of the western half of the BACKBONE operation can be made from the potential scene of push-off. General Clark has ordered General Dawley, VI Copps Conunande~to the area on reconnaissance. The G-3 section, in cooperation with Col. Robinson, is hurriedly revising Backbone plans. The number of Axis pri6oners taken in Tunisia has now passed the 100,000, mark, passL"lg the record set at Stalingrad where the Russians took 90,000. About 82 percent of the prisoners are, somewhat surprisngly, Germ.an. ( Late in the day, General Clark checks the Officers' Mess at headquarters where his dinner party is to be held. The mess hall has been decoza.ted with the flags of the United States, France, Great Britain and Morocco. Negro spiritual singers, a balialika player and a ten-piece orchestra are to supply entertainment. At 7:30 FM the guests arrive for cocktails. The non-American guests are: Chef de la Region and MadameBo~ssi, the Pasha of Onjda, General and Ma.dame Beucler, Controller Civil and MadameHusson, M. and Mm..rAhmed, Colonel and MadameHerckel, Mayor and 1e MadameLaurans, Captain and MadameSavary, M Haour, M. Guillernin, M. Guedon and . Colonel Poydenot. The British are represented by Lieutenant Ely of British Signals. The Americans guests are Generals Ridgway, Moran, Taylor and Kingman, Colonels Saltzman, Sullivan, Martin, Thurston, Bertholf and Smith, Majors Jones and Ball, Captain Byles and the following Red Cross personnel--Misses Manson, Miller, Ellis, Martin, Berney and Moen. Following cocktails in the Officers' club, the party goes into the adjoining messhall r1here fteneral Clark, in front of his flags, sits alone at the head of a long table. Following dinner there is dancing. SECRET * Equals British /v\OST SECRl:l * �(5 '7 OUJDA-SAIDIA, Y.AY 1943--General Clark holds an all-important 15, conference today with General Dawley and the Fifth Army Commanderorders that the VI Corps headquarters be set up immediately in Rabat. 11Speed, 11 th e general declares, 11is essentia.11 11 The conference, held in General Clark 1 s office, is attended by Generals Dawley and Moran, Colonels O'Neil, Saltzmtil.n, Vincent, Lewis and Boatner, Lieut. Col . Lazar and Major Ibold . Col . Boatner is instructed to send a repr esentative to the Rabat area tomorrow to make arrangements for water supply in the region. Movement of the Corps troops will start within two days. Certain units--the 142nd Infantry of the 36th Division, the 636th Tank Destroyer Battalion, now attached to the 36th, and a light tank battalion now at Tlemcen--will remain in the 1Eastern area.. General Dawley is to begin BACKBONE planning imm ediately. Arrangements are made for Col. Robinson and Colonel Hill, VI Cbrps G-3, to confer tomorrow over BACKBONE plans. Revised plans are now being drawn up for submission to the Corps . ( Two groups of visitors arrive at Fifth Army Headquarters during the morning. Fir st come Genera.ls Starr and Hewitt, anti-aircraft brigade commanders who are bringing their outfits into the Fifth Army area . General Clark confers with them as soon as they arrive . This conference is no sooner completed than Captain Fawkes and officers a.nd crew members from the P-219, the submarine that took General Clark to •Africa · hst October, arrive. General Clark meets them at the gate and, after a.n honor guard salutes~ them, he has them in his office and tells them how greatly appreciates the splendid job they did for him last fall and that he has invited them dovm to be his guests before they put to sea again. The P-219 has just returned from England where she went for re~irs after ramming and sinking a German U-boat in the Sicilian Straits last Christmas. Lieutenant Jewell, the 28-year-old commander of the · P-219, is present . General Clark then confers with Captain Fawkes, commander of the Eighth Submarine Flotilla. . He has Fawkes and the submarine officers at his villa for luncheon. Following this, the officers, with the exception of Captain Fawkes, go to Saidia for the afternoon. General Clark remains at headquarters until 4 PMwhen General Dawley arrives from his inspection trip of the proposed headquarters that his Corps will take over at Rabat . The conference on BACKBONE planning follows. ·when this ends, Generals Clark and Dawley and Colon~l O'Neil go out to the little landing field near headquarters andtake off in three Piper Cubs, the two Corps officers for Ain Ternouchent and General Clark for Sa.idia . Captain Fawkes has preceded him up by car. The General then meets the British Navy people on the beach, finds out they are enjoying themselves and then he goes swimming with them. The ·junior officers return to Oujda and General Clark and Captain Fawkes remain at the Fifth Army Commander's Saidia villa for dinner and then drive back to Oujda after dark . Captain Fawkes remains overnight at the General's villa. Ca.rs a.re stopped at tv10 road blockades between Oujda and Saidia. As was only natural with almost 1~00 Axis prisoners already counted in Tunisia, some iermans escaped a.nd thoy are trying to make their way to Spanish Morocco . Hence, all vehicles are being checked at frequent intervals along roads . One British ambulance was found to contain two German officers and a staff sergeant. One of the reasons that the 142nd Infantry is being held back from Rabat is that a battalion is assigned to road blockading in the Tlemcen area, another battalion is being used for demonstration purposes at the Invasion Training Center and the third has been split up to pr ~~ emonstration troops for Fifth ArmySchools. * - ~ P~-"" u ·~ ..~-;,. · . A '\') ' Equals British /,\OST SECREr * �Equc'.s \ OUJDA,MAY 16, 1943--General Clark approves today the revised outline plan for BACKBONE it incorporates the VI Corps and the 36th Division . The Vi Corps, as whic h has been planning the Eastern phase which is more a holding operation to occupy the corps in the Melilla area, will now plan the Western Phase and execute it with the 36th Division and any units that might be added later . General Clark is counting on the t wo British Divisions to take over the Ea.stern Phase planning. The general is informed today that the British Divisionn coming to the Fifth Army probably vdll be the 6th Armored Division and the 4th Infantry Division. He immediately renews his request for two staff officers from each division to come to Fifth Army Headquarters so they can become familiar with BACKBONE . Two correspondents--Don Whitehead of Associated Press and Don Coe of United Press -- have been assigned to the Fifth Army and this morning the General has them in for a discussion . A multit ude of subjects is covered. First comes the matt er of Nogues and General Clark says that although State Department representatives are 11ra.dically opposed" to the Governor General of French Morocco, army authorities don ' t ca.re who is in charge 11as long as he does vthat we tell him to do . So far, Nogues has batted 100 percent'! As for the people of M orocco , Nogues II is not popular, but tolerated." He points out the Nogues has "sewed himself in well with the natives. 11 General Clark outlines his several tasks and Whitehead remarks that the general ' s job calls for a "soldi er-pol itic ian . " 'rhe Fifth Army Comm ander grins and agrees . Next the matter of Spanish Morocco and Spain is gone into and thP- general tells the War Correspondents 11off the record" that the best possible mo the ve German General Staff could make would be a move into S~in . He says that American §ro pps are being regrouped vlith tl:10.t vi ew in mind "althoug h I am convinced that no trouble will be precipitated by Spain ." He then tells how he i s carrying forward training programs in virtu ally all arms through a huge school system spread over Morocco and Western Algeria . Whitehead and Coe are going with the Press Relations Officer tomorrow to the Fifth Arr1y Tank Destroyer Training Center where General Clark is to make a visit tomorrow afternoon . He tells them how he has taken steps in the Fifth Army 11to coordin ate all Anti-Tank Means on the Army front through his Artil lery Officer . · ( . The ramifications of the 'l'unisia n victory are brought up and General Clark cautions that 11the next time we meet the German he will have the advantage and WEWILLnot be meeting a deft!:1.;1.ted arm in retreat . 11 He declar es , covering up on the corr espondents when they ask about coming operation, that 11we should do something -as soon as we can and undoubtedly the Big White Fathers in Washington (Mr. Churchill and President Roosevelt are meeting again) arc planning the grand strategy. One thing, we mustn't give the Axis too nruch time to get seto The question of replacements comes up and General Clark admits that some replacements caae overseQS improperly and inadequately trained and poorly disciplined . He $ells how the Fifth Army took over nduct of these centers and buckeri. them up. He says that one of the discipline troubles results from the Replacements lack of "esprit de corps" because they don't belong to any organization . The general tells of plans to remedy this by di vi ding the replacements into branches and provisionally markir-..gthem for cert2.in outfits. He says he also believes that they should be put in a division making it overstrength since that would five the replacements pride in an organization and the overstrength factor would be levelled as soon as the division went into ba.ttle e 11If the Fifth Army gets an objective, 11 �l 59 §(:q;I~1tf;i\\\ . 1\ \~ R ·:.·.'.-\1,:::c S t qt1 !~ .B~i b ti;i, the general adds, ti\ OST sEcn • , I plan . on taking along a. couple of replacement depots. 11 ( Next the supplying of equipment to the French is brought up and General Clark t ell s how it is working. He tells of the pride of the French in getting the materiel and he predicts they will use it well and I am convinc ed they will fight well. He tells how he has ~ade General Kingman the head of his Frenc h Training section and that Kingman rrwill fill much the same type of job that a National Guard instructor fills in the States. If he sees a commander that he knows should be relieved, we will relieve him.n The general states that the French should be able to supply between five and ten good divisions from North Africa. He continues that some non-commissioned officers and officers of the French Army are getting out of France and that thase men are urgently needed to build up the French N rth African army. Spain, seeing more and more the wwy the winds of we.r are blowing, probably won't watch too stringently the movement of French across Spain and Spanish Morocco and into Morocco. General Clark says he would be glad to have the French under his colllIIland., adding "they a.re damn good soldiers." The issuance of American equipment to the French, the general predicts, "will be a good inve strnent • 11 In the afternoon, Generil.l Clark confers with Colonel Casey, commandant of the Tank Destroyer School, and makes anrangements for tomorrow' s trip. He is particularly interested in seeing flame throwers ana rocket grenades used against tanks. General Gruenth er returns from his trip to the front this afternoon and he immediately goes into a long conference in which General Clark outlines developments during the Fifth Army Chief of Staff's ' absence. General Gruenther is to tell of his observations at the front when a staff conference is held tomorrow. The number of Axis prisoners taken has now reached over 150,000. After retre at, General Kirk, who is to be the new Surgeon General of the United States Army, and General Morgan, also of the Medicul Corps, arrive at Fifth Ar,mY headquarters . * * * OUJDA -MAGENTA-SEBDOU-OUJDA, MAY 17, 1943--General Clark today assigns Gen. Kingman to evaluate and integrate the new BACKBONE plans, then visits Headquarters of the J6th Division, the Fifth Army Tank Destroyer Training Center and the area in which the 82nd Airborne Division is bivouacing near Oujda Airport. It is a tremendously busy day for the Fifth Army Commander. The general is in his office before 8 AMto make sure that all is in readiness for the guard of honor for General s Kirk and Morgan at 8:15. As soon as the two medical generals have been honored, General Tobin, commanding the · /44th Anti-Aircraft Brigade, arrives and goes into conference with General Clark. Next, General Cowles of the 36th Division, division Artillery commander, confers with the gehe::ra1L 1 outlinets ti>th.fm -planti -fGr t1i3e 0£ . the ·36tli -6Uid~ ·mov1ement-: '-who ,.. - its -to it.he ~batelU'e&i<'•~Jor t G~neral Walker, division commander, is to arrive later today ,1. for conf erences with General Gruenther and members of the G-3 section. General Kingma.n, who has arrived to make a thorough study and recently at headquarters to head up trainby General Clark on BACKBONE plans and told th~ -. ~:: plans. General Clark explains n Si;i·~ :Eft ing of French unit s , is next briefed Equals British: MOST,,. S£C.J. t �SECRET 'I' \ lo o Equc1b BriHsh MOST SECRE 1 that AFHQ first said to have General Patton and the I Armored Corps continue the planning but that was not feasible since Patton 's outfit is participating in forthcoming invasion of Sardinia and Sicily . General Clark tells how he has decided to move the VI Corps, the 36t lm: Bivision and later the First Armored Division . to the Rabat area for use in the Wastern Pilii.se of ~CKBONE.A three-part directive has been given to the VI Corps for the planning of the Western Phase. The first calls for use of the J6th Division and the First Armored Division to make the attack northward . The second plan would use these two divisions plus an aerial move by the 82nd Airborne Division. The third involves the use of several di vi sions as they are moved back from the fonrard area and made available for use . Kingman is to check all these plans and see that they are clear so General Dawley can proceed with his planning • With the VI Corps shifted from the ~astern to the &tstern planning,'' General Clark continues , ttwe now have to have an agency to take over Eastern plans . It must be kept alive and executed if necessary. This would comprise largely a holding or secondary force, the main attack being made in the west. This eastern unit would be charged with occupying a. Spanish Morocco Corps so it couldn't be moved west to impede the VI Corps movement. I have screamed to AFHQfor BACKBONE planning help and two British Divisions have been promised me. They will be bi vouaced in Western Algeria and will be available for BACKBONE planning . I have asked fro representatives from the two British divisions to be sent to this headquarters to be brought up to date on the pla.iming situation . The French are somewhat mixed up in BACliBONE. couldn't discuss the plans fully with the French I but they have been discussed from a purely defensive basis. If we had to move in, the Fr ench would be eager to join us. I have a statement ,fron Nogues in which he recognizes me as the supreme commander of any such effort. General Lasc~oux is making certain French troops available to me. General Beucler her e in Oujda has been working with those who have been planning the Eastern Phase. There"are three French sector commanders between here and Rabat . This operation is not likely, but it would be very crucial if something should break. We can 1 t talce any chances of not being ready. 0 r troops would have to go as fast and as far as possible as soon as the break ~ame . Our prime objectives would be Ceuta and . Tetuan . There are two Regimenta l Conbat Teams in training at A~zewand I have decided that they would make an amphibious landing between 'l'etuan and Ceuta if the break came. Also, the 82nd Airborne would invade by air. I have had a.11 the airfields along the border stocked with supplies and bombs in event we have to move. I must rui.ss my m~ana in the west. I am charging you with checking all the plans and se eing if they are clear. For the time being you will concentrate on this. 11 • 11 ( Following his conference with General Kingman, the Fifth ArmyCommandergoes to the small airport near headquarters and takes off in his Piper Cub for the 36th Division bivouac area near Magenta, east of Gujda. Fifty five minutes later he lands there a.nd tours the area with Generals Lange and Cowles. i~t noon mess, he meets most of the headquarters officers. The next flight, taking half an hour is to the Tank Destroyer Center, seven miles south of Sebdou. Arriving there, General Clark is met by the Center Commandant, Lieut . ,Col. John Casey, who is staging a special demonstration for the general. It will involve the use of smoke and incendiary grenades, the flame thrower, and rife and rocket grenades. The demonstrati on sti1.rts as soon as the general arrives a.t the field and he has no time to inspect "this tra1ning center, one of the Fifth Army' s newest schools. Equals British . MOST SEC~E. - �ICo\ Equals Briti sh /'/\OST S~CR'"" A running M J Taruc to be used in the demonstration. In order to see the is effect of the weapons on tank personnel, live goats are to be placed in the tank for each demonstration . First, a smoke grenade is thrown at the tank turret from 20 yw.rds. This envel opes the tank but does no visible damage to the goats. Then the incendiary grenade is th11ownat the turret just above the motor at 20 yards . I t burns furiously but there is no visible damage, either to the tank or the goats. Following this, the flame thrower is directed from 20 yards with ordinary flame thrower fuel . An entire tank is shot at the M-J and then the flames are allowed to burn two minutes . The investigatipg committee inspects the tank and finds the go... ts, wi,o have been howling, singed but still vitally alive . Three incendiary gr~nades are then thrown at the tank from 20 yards and the result is the sa.megolil.ts still aliv~ . •rhe flame throwe 1 , using NaPalm thickened fuel, is used against the tank at 50 yards . The initili.l charge leaves the thrower ignited and subsequwnt charges are sprayed unignited on the already blazing tank. The goats squeal but when they in vestigating committee looks over the tank, the animals are very mcuh alive . :the firing range for the flame thrower is moved up to 20 yards but the re sult is the s me. Re:ma.rks General Clark later: 11All this seems to prove is the hardiness of the Arab goat !11 All during the t4sts the tlil.nk has been "buttoned up" tightly . Next the rifle and rocket grenades are fired at the M J . When the demonstrator moves the crov,d up to within 20 yards of the tank and makes ready to throw the rifle grenade, General Clark remarks that the crowEl is too close, that he has seen them do damage to personnel at that range . The instructor says there is no danger. The rifle grena.de is thrown and a fragment, either bouncing back off the tank or from the grenade fins, imeeds itself in the tligh of a Major Kirkv,ood, standing beside General Clark . For the final demonstration- -use of the rocket grenade--the crowd moves back . Kirkwood goes to the hospital, blee ding badly, to have the metal probed from his thigh . As soon as the demonstration is over, General Clark climbs into the Cub with Captain Gillespie and they take off for the 82nd Airborne Headquarters near Oujda . Forty five minutes later the little plane puts dovrn right in the encampment area and the general ' s jeep, dispatched from headquarters, picks him up and he tours the area where the Airborne Division is moving in . The troops are qui t e fresh in from the States . They are being housed in pyramidal tents. The weather has become quite hot and the area is extremely dusty . It is j ust adjacent to Angade field, the 6ujda airdrome. The general then piles back into the Cub and in 10 minutes he is back at Fifth Army Headquarters. After looking over papers that h.ve accumulated during his absence, he goes to his villa . During the afternoon, General Gruenther has given to Fifth Amy officers an hour and a half report on his trip to the front . He says that we should not be over-optimistic about the victory in Tunisia since vre had great superiority over the Germans and Italians . A post - surrender survey has shown that we had: 1,630 artillery pieces to 440 for the Axis; 1,320 usable tanks compared to but 40 for the Axis; 165 Infantry Battalions to 51 for the Axis . General Gruenther gives details of the final assau.1-t . 'It was launched on April 28 but by May 4 it had bogged down completely because of the fine defensive positions the Germans held and by their smart ta ct i cs . It was then decided to move two Armored Divisions and the 4th Indian Division of the Eighth Army into the Fir st Anny' s center sector. This difficult move was done in two days and on May 6, after terrific artillery fire and aerilil.l bombardment, the troops moved forward . Once they broke the line of resistance they Equals British MOST SECR . �SECRE T Eqoals . Bri ti::h MOS T SECRE · swept into Tunis . Meanwhile, the II Corps (American) was beating down opposition in the Northern Sector and swept into Bizerte . The Eighth Army was held to a standstill just north of Enfidaville . There were only sporadic atte m pts at evac uation and the number of prisoners now counted amounts to about 175, 000. General Gruent,her says the Germans report that our arlillery and air force is exceptionally good. They don ' t think much of our infantry. General Gruenther,rciting many examples, says he is appalled by the friendly feeling between Axis and American and British troops . The Allies and their capti ves mix freely and friendly . The Chief of Staff says he doubts that a feeling of hate can be instilled in our troops and believes that we must put fighting on a 11surgica.}. basis with the American troops approaching their job just as a sur@eon does, dispassionately . The enemy is a cancer that nrust be removed quickly and without feeling." Gen. Gruenther says t~t American troops are particularly lax about salvaging material and that he saw thousands of miles of signal wire and "millions of gas cans" lying around . American infantry, he has found, is also very poor on scouting and patrolling . General Clark is not present at the time of General Gruenther 1 s report but he heard the highlights of it yesterday when his Chief of Staff returned from the front ~ In the evening, the Commanding General, just to get away for awhile from uniform , changes into civilian cl othes and spends the evening at his villa 1 with Major Nygaard . * * * OUJDA-SAIDIA, 18, 1943--A diversified MAY day--with a morning full of conferences and an afternoon inspecting the Fifth Army Recreation Center--occupies the General today. His first visitor, Consul General Wylie of Algiers, comes in shortly after 8:00 M. The Americli.11 diplomatic officials discusses with the Fifth Army Commander the question of internment camps and use of Italians and similar "lukewarmtt pro-Axis people in North African labor projects. The next conference is with Colonels Boatner and Robinson and it concernaengdneering work coincident with movement of the VI Copps and the 36th Division to the Rabat region. General Ridgway, commander of the 82ng Airborne Division which has just moved into the Oujda district, calls next on General Clark to discuss various division½'..rmy matters. The 82nd is not attached to the Fifth Army, but to the I Armored Corps reinforced. However, 'being in the Oujda area, General Ridgway's division is closely associated with the Fifth .tu:-my and there are many constructional, jurisdictional and other matters to !Don out. General Ridgway also gives General Clark the details of a review which the 82nd is to give tomorrow in honor of General Clark. Col . Bonvallot, French officer who has been sent to Fifth Afrny by Gen. Prioux, member of the joint rearmament commission, next repo?Jts in to General Clark . Bon~llot is to serve as i..ssistant to Col. Poydenot and concern himself primarily with the elivery of American materiel to the French divisions that are being re-oquipped . He will also keep a finger of the progress of French training and in that capacity will cooperate with General Kingman. The meeting with General Clark is largely a courtesy call, attended by Col. Poydenot and General Gruenther. Equ~ls Bri fafi t,,OS T SECRE"i \ , �,c~,a~ l .-.· ·· 1Co3 ~ ~~~-~,\j ri.,_'., MOST SECRE. i Gener-.1 Gruenther and Colonel Saltzman. General Clark expresses his pleasure at having Col. Bonvallot in Fifth Army Headquarters and stresses to the French colonel concerning what a tremendous job he has in coordinating French training and re - equipment . General Clark , working on papers between conferences, stays at his office unt il 12:JO when Brigadier General Alamillo li:!ldhis Mexican mission return fro; their tour of the front . General Clark meets General Alamillo at the gate and, after honors are played, accompanies the Mexican on his inspection of the honor ganrd o The Mexican mission then goes into the general ' s office and the Fifth Army Cpmmandr tells them how happy he has been that they uould como on a mission to North Africa and how glad he has been to have them with the Fifth Army Alamillo . eclares it has been a most valuable experience and he reports [;lov,ingly on what he has seen at the front . Arrival of the Mexicans at the front was timed beautifully with the victory . General Clark discloses today that General Eisenhower is going to visit the Fifth Army for about a week. He will arrive early next week. The Fifth Army Com mander will take the Commander-in Chief of a tour of Fifth Army Schools and also to Saidia where General Eisenhower can relax briefly following the tremendous pressure of the past six months. ( In the afternoon, General Clark dri ves alone to Saidia . After making an inspection of messes and quarters and conferring with Major A hhr Ball, the ro center commandant, General Clark goes to his villa . He spends the remainder of th4 afternoon swimming and reading and then after a quiet dinner he returns to his villa in Oujda . * * * OUJDA,MAY 19., 194.3 -The 82nd Airborne Divi sion passes in smart re view at the Oujda airport in honor of General Clark today and the Fifth Army Commander is highly impressed with the state of training and the discipline of General Ridgway' s fine division . Upon his return to headquarters from the re view, the Gen~ral dispatches a very laudatory commendation to the 82nd Airborne . After working on papers, General Clark has eight new officers in for the customary personal greeting . Once again the Fifth Army Commanders st:cesses to the new officers joining his headquarters the necessity of discipline . He says that experiences at the front have only gone to pro ve with more emphasis than ever the Fifth Army Slogan that 11An Alert Soldier is an Alive Soldier ." He explains , in general terms the present status of the Fifth Army and concludes: 11 Tgis is, primarily, a training stage. We must make full use of our time because the time is coming when the Fifth Army will go into battle l 11 Before lea vi ng at 10:10 AMfor the review , General Clark recei ves a report from Captain Byles of the Liaison Section concerning a visit yesterday: to the Pasha of °Hjda . On Miay17, the general ' s wedding anniversary, the Pasha sent a pair of beautifully brocaded sl ippers and some native cloth to the General for dispatch to Mrs. Clark . The general wmrte the Pa sha a letter which · Byles delivered . The Pasha was tre m endously pleased and told Byles with what high regar he and other Arabs held the Fifth Army.Commander . �Il .. General Clark, accompanied by General Rruenther and Lieutenant Beardwood, arrives at the 82nd Airborne 1 s review grounds at 10:30 AMand is met by General Ridgway. While the Fifth Army Commanderand his Chief of Staff stand in front of the 82nd Airborne staff, the three flourishes for a lieutenant general are played and then the general I s march . Following this, Gener ... Clark and Ridgway get into ls a jeep flying a three-star flag and drive slowly p.i.st the 7,000 men lined up in fron t of the reviewing stand . Returning to the stand, General Clark watches the troops pass in review . There are two paratroop regiments, a battalion of field artillery and the necessary quartermaster., ·engineer, ordnance and medical units . One regilnent of paratroopers is dressed in jumping suits, the other in field unif'orm . They are fine, large, well-disciplined tr ops, proud of themselves and their organization, con.fident of victory . Even the medics march like old field soldie r s . The third regiment of the 82nd is not present. It is a glider-borne infantry regiment Qlld is stationed at Marnia., about 25 miles east of Oujda . Following the review, General Clark is driven in the jeep to the 82nd Headquarters, just across the road from the airfield . There the Fifth Army Commander signs the 82nd 1 s guest book--the first person to sign it in Africa . He then qha.ts with General Ridgway and some of this officers, including Brigadier Generals Taylor and Keerans . The general was introduced to the staff at the re viewing field. He compliments General Ridgway and his officers on their fine organization. The gener~l is particularly pleased that this organization., just arrived from the States, is so well disciplined . Bidding the staff of the 82nd goodbye Qlld after telling General Ridgway that he wants 20 of the staff to come to his villa. tonight for a reception, General Clark and his party, accompanied by General Ridgway, drive to the 95th Evacllil.tion hospital, which is attached to the 82nd. The unit, like the division, is under tentage . General Clark inspects the hospitals and talks to Lieut. Colonel SQ.er, a c.o. , other officers and nurses . He makes arrangements to improve the dusty are~ with crushed rock . Then, he drives back to headquarters . The gener.i.l is in.formed in the afternoon that members of the British 6th Armored Division staff are to be sent to Fifth Army Headquarters to familiarize themselves with BACKBONi they can lay plans for the Eastern Phase of that opso eration, if it becomes necessary to execute . Another piece of good news is that the number of A.xis prisoners taken in Tunisia now totals 224, 000! The general spends his afternoon on paper work and seeing that arrangements for the reception in honor of the 82nd Airborne officers is complete. At 6:00 PM 40 officers, , 20 from the 82nd and 20 from Fifth Army Headquarters, arrive at the General's v~lla and apend the next hour getting i-.cquainted. Six officers~enerals Rigdway, Grunther, Taylor, Keer.ms and Colonels Eaton (82nd Chief of Staff) and Saltzman-remain for dinner with the general Qlld the remaining officers go to the Terminus Hotel to have dinner together. * * * OUJDh-SAIDIA-OUJDA, 20, 1943 -Looking to the future ~nd weighing various MAY strategical possibilities, General Clark prognosticates today the possible future moves of his Fifth American Army. These are three: (1) Return to the United Kingdom to start planning and preparing troops for a cross-channel invasion; (2) Use of the Fifth Army to further exploit the Mediterranean area, probably for a~ amphibious invasion of &rdinia, and, (3) Movement of the Fifth Array, together with other Allied Armies, through Syrlll. into Turkey for a push-off into the Balkans. �There is now developing in Washington ,n explains the Fifth Army Commander, referring to the current conference between President Roosevelt and Prime Min11the high strategy ister Churchill and members of their militQry staffs, for the next move. This probably involves a struggle between the American viewpoi nt, a cros s-channel invasion of tu.rope and increased activity in the Pacific against the Japs, and the British viewpoint, explotation of gains already made in the Mediterranean. 11 "It probably will be decided to put a Britisher as Comma.nder-in-Chief of the next big move. You have already heard rumors of General Alexander getting this job. General Eisenhower has indicated to me that if it is decided to make a. crosschannel in vasion next year he hopes to commandthe American effort. That would mean the return of the Fifth Army to the United Kingdom. When General Mclfa.ir was here he also indicated to me that he thought the Fifth Army might be returning to England . If. the cross - channel move is decided upon, Alexander probably will be the Commander-in-Chief with 1 Ik e 1 commanding the American eff ort of two armies . The Fifth would be one of theseo on the other hand, the British vi ewpoint i s taken and it i s decided to exploit the Mediterr.i.nean, the 1'""ifth Army probably will receive at an e ... rly date a directive that we prepare for and execute an inw.sion of Sardinia . I rather expect ·that that will be the decision because it is what the Prime Minister wants. Stalin, although he is not present in Washington, is undoubtedly exercising his complete influence on what the over - all strategy should be and he will be demanding that ever-,rthing that can possibly be done be done this year . I rather expect that within two weeks the li'ifth Army wil .1 get a directive to execute the Sardinian oper~tion early this fall . Howe er, we might get orders to return to the v United Kingdom." 11:tf, General Clark then brings out the third possibility- - the move through Turkey. There are increasing rumors that Turkey is leaning more and more toward the United Nations. T~ctical advantages could be gained through a move in this direction. By crossing the Straits of Bosporus or the Dardanelles, a drive could be ma.de on the Balkans. However, arzy-move into Turkey would undoubtedly result in the Axis rushi ng through that pa.rt of Turkey north of the sea of Marmara and the movement a.cross the straits would be difficult. 1 can't conceive, 11 General Clark continue s, 11of the Fifth Army not getting a combat mission t 11 He then turns to discussion of the Sardinia operation that his Army might have to execute . 11 "It would,n pursues the general, 11be an extremely difficult amphibious job. Sardinia is about the same size as Sicily and there is no doubt that when the next operati on (invasion of Sicily) , takes place, Sardinia will be reinforced and an amphibious attaek will be expected. We will not get any new service units from the United States for this operation and we will have to recuperate the service units from the Sicilian operation. That will be a tremendously difficult job. The invasion of Sicily and the operation of Allied ~lanes from . that island will be · no advantage to us in an attack on Sardinia. Airfields in North Africa are closer than those on Sicily. As I see it, the taking of Sicily can in no WQYassist in a later taking of Sardinia unless that move results in a crumbling of Italy. I believe that if an invasion of Italy proper is made that is should be made in the north. Occupation of Italy wouldn ' t help a great deal . We would still be faced by ..... s· ff; 1,, 1i/~:,~j;'f''.r.: ., ..._l1>iJm,uW!f. · i. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, April 3 - May 20, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from April 3 to May 9, 1943. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/827 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/e482df942d63a24ff1007233ff02d473.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=vsMmxgNyyXSFCS7S98cgoUHe-V4uA9I1Sxkmb4%7EO37omnOKTmBS0EXOpAOeLkDAKZrC15izmUgDfLZ9y8t3osXb7ejss%7EE3cTp244XXNwEYxckMvmNVHk12TJJE%7EmDV0D4cYTiOjgv8iaV4zMpZcoCdDg2FqH3oMMgvyfkW3PVqW2MLr13osGNpB318WVDLXHueyIbT2EEScSpwJD%7Eac3AwZhspfBtQZmeOELmV3mEMf-Ii1%7EjD1sdWqS7Rrew8npFhGr-dTWj9OSZvKS-lkk%7EA%7EWn-W33CVHWq0G8qzagXBZU0vLNv-IC4onPqMz1A2l-NFJtwo28c1RECcol02Sg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fa763bab43a4f9723637675f055cefc4 PDF Text Text NOI'E This is volume four of the War Diary of Lieutenant Generd Mark W Clark . . The first volume, covering the period June 28 to September 24, 191+2, has been deposited, in care of Brigadier General Floyd Parks, at the Army War College , Washington, D.C. The second volume , covering the period September 25, 1942, to January 6, 1943, is in the possession of General Clark . The third volume, running from January 6 to June 6, 1943, is also in the possession of General Clark . ( ,.:5 0 - �J OUJDA, Jl!.NE7, 194.3--There are two outstanding developments today. One-the appointment ot a special planning board to be headed by Colonel Kamlerer-ia of' direct and urgent importance to the Fifth Arfif1'. The second--the resignation ot General Nogues as Governor-General of' French Morocco-is of vital interest to General Clark since Nogues bas been the head French official in a greater pa.rt or the Fifth ArJJf'Jarea. · \ General Clark has a large conference in his office this morning. Te 15 officers be indicates in general terms what lies ahead tor the Fifth Army and how planning is to begin imniediately on operation BRIMSTONE. sketches to these Re officers the background leading up to the decision to have the Fifth Army pl.an for and be prepared to execute operations against Sardinia. Colonel Kammerer, the present Fitth A.l'llJ' G-3, is mo.de h.ead ot the BRIMSTONE planning group. He is to be relieved as G•.3 and put exclusiTely on BRIMSTONE. Colonel :Brann, who is now f'i,ing here from London, will be the new G-3. Kanlerer will be given a special planning st&tf and a special set of pl.arming rooms. A "war room" is to be establisted in -the baeeaent under the G-3 section. Attending this morning's conference are General Gruenther, Colonel SaltDlan. and Major Porter from the Chief of Staff's and Secreta.r;r's Of£ice; Majo1•King and Colonel Howard of G-2; Colonel Kammerer, Lieut. Col. Woodand .Major Dresser from G•J; Colonel Vincent and J/42.jorEberhardt ot G•4; Colonel Paxton and Major Finberg or the Engineers; General Moran, Major Earle and Captain Brown or the Signal Section. The Filth Army Commanderpounds 1lard on the necessit;r tor absolute secrecy in planning the operation. He points out that during the planning in London or the North African operation that he "sent home in disgrace" a tew officers who were careless with their tongues and with the manner in which they handled secret doCU11ents. "We have received a directive," General Clark tells the conference, · "calling upon us to plan operation BRIMSTONE. It crone in today. We may never have to execute this plan but the planning must not be indifferent. We cannot tf4ke a defeatist attitude toward preparing for it and I'll bust SJ\YOne find taldng such an atI titude. You can't go into ~ operation without planning for it with complete thoroughness. This is true of' operations that are put into effect AND it is true of operations that have never gone into effect. There can be no laksidaisical planningl BRIMSTONE now our first priority and I am setting up a planning com• is m.ttee with Colonel Kammererin charge. This headquarters is engaged in many activities-training, dealing with the French, equipping the French, handling arf'airs in the area-and this keeps the Headquarters General and Special Staffs in-volved in other types ot work. I am there.tore setting up this special group tor planning and Colonel Brann will take over the G• 3 section. The heads of' most or the sections will be ex-officio 11embersor the planning board." The BRIMSTONE group is to move tomorrow into the otfice now occupied by the French Liaison mission. Later its roon will be expanded to talce in other offic es uatil almost the entire southwest corner ot the echool buidlings will be taken 1 over by Colonel K81lIIlerers group. "Whether or not we execute BRIMSTONE depends a gre~t deal," General Clark continues, "on the success of' the comieg invasion of .$ _ 1EJ.+1, it is successful, ·Ir one of two operations will come ott. Our invasion or ~ f'ollov,ed by a move on Corsica or a landing directly on the toe and heel of Italy. Our priJDarT task is planning BRD'!STONE. British Headquarters in Cairo ' will do the planning tor an invasion ot the Italian mainland. �3 ({,..,?<-I"~ ' [ ' ., will ~~:~r~~ t, ~~1$ t ! ~:~ "Our planning enough equipment to train with. Wewill lack invasion era.rt, service units and a lot of other vital elements. We will have to reconstitute the 82nd Airborne Division so we can use it and that is why' I 8.11 nowhaving an Airborne Replacement Center set up near Oujda airport. Troops t'rom there will be used to re-build the 82nd so we can use it . " Foll.owing the conference, General Clark immediately sets the Headquarters Commandant to work to make room for the Kammerer group. Special :re,sses are to be issued to those to DIIII with complete knowledge of BRIMSTONE they have access to so the planning and "war" rooms. General Clark also handles other 110re routine matters during the hot day. Colonel Mickelwaite comes in regardizig courts martial cases. other general and special staff section heads file in and out of the general's office. The resignation of General Nogues results from French pressure, principa.117 from deGaulle. Nogues "collaboration" with Vichy prior to the Allied landings last November make his removal, in the eyes of some French leaders, mandatory-. Nogues, a professional soldier, is to be replaced by a civilian, M. Pu.awt, a deGaullist. This is Nogues1 .farewell message to tbe Moroccan population: "My dear friends: "I bid you m;rfarewell with peace in my heart. The main task or the mission, which France has entrusted mein Morocco, has been ful.£illed. "The Protectorate, when I took it in hands, was in an uneasy, unbalanced state. Order and prosperit7 have been a permanent equipping effort which has been pursued despite all of the difficulties created by the war, guarantees this country a brilliant economic future. "The Axis menace, which laid heavily upon N rth Africa, has disappeared. The 0 integrity of the Moroccan territ,ory remains assured. In the middle of continuous and contradictory currents of events I held no other ambitions than to kee» my eye firmly f'md on the end to be acheived: 'Saving France and Morocco from enemy hands.' "Mymission is accomplished at the moment, the unity of our forces is regained, the n the horizon lights up, and I would be happy, if my leaving, in facilitating such an indispen~sable agreement, will contribute to speed up the task of our delivery. "The most pa1n'f'\11 sacrifice which I was forced to make to the country, was in 1940, when I had to accept an armistice against which I had recommended the utmost resistan9e. "A responsbile military chief in north Africa, who has always shown his valor and his honesty, I bari the imperative duty to conserve our integrity, and prevent involvement in an adventure with no hope of success, because we l acked enough strength to resist a German invasion, and because no help from certain directions, could be asm1red to us. "All this and the repeated interventi ons have not been in vain. Our African countries were spared from occupation, and conserved an army to resist aggression. This pledt e of honor, to maintain the integrity of our territory, was the maste rpiec e of our politic act' nrHstanoe, ag-a.inst the Axis in Horth Africa. Highly lived up to, it permitted us,~ by day, to ,oppose the most alarming intentions of the mermans,to establish bases in Morocco. "Bound together with unhappy France, the Protectorate, during two years observed a .state of mourning, and helped to alleviate the sufferings of the Metropole; it maintained, and secretly enlarged, ~n elite army. �Uovember 8 1 1942, we had to keep our word. We have done so with grief. In acting this wa:y-,we avoided the German intervention. Disciplined to sacrifices, even to the sacrifice of thought, our troops, full of enthusiasm, in one group, rejoined the battle on the side of the Allief, against the commonenemy. They participated effectively, and glor!lmusly, in the victory in Tunisia. "My conscience feels that I have done my duty. With confidence, I await the judgment of liberated F~ance. Morocco has already done so. Destiny today looks brighter; my heart is hope.t'ul of close V!lc ·tory, and .feels highly attached to Morrocco, and holds also an af.fectionate regard .for all those who have helped menin 11 0n my task. "I salute the flags, and the colors, of all troops of the African army, regular and irregular, whom I had the honor to have successfully under my command. They fought glorlhously in France. Through their heroic conduct in Tunisia, they have re-given us the military pride so close to our hearts, and to those of the Moroccans. As . their highest reward, they are actually receiving American war equipment whi~h will permit them to take an even much more important part in the liberation of France. "I could never say enough about the complete help which has been given me with unlimited self devotion .from the civilian, and military administrations alike. Through their splendid tr11stworthiness they contributed towards the high morale of the native population~ "I couldn't but priase the services of our well founded administration in Morocco, unanimously envied by the outside world. "I think with affections o.f the French population, who works hard to acheive results, who has never stopped to batter, and to deJ.ielop the agricultur al, the commerieal and the industrial resources, whose enterprising spirit has well.understood to stimulate the eeonomic life of the country with workers whose professional capacities have served as best examples, and have been of advice to the many different types of craftsmanship. "Nevertheless, my Moroccan .frierids--and the ones from the most humble fellah (native farmer) or craftamn, up to his Majesty the Sultan, who always assured me his friendship and his conf'idence--kho have given me the most touching cooperati on. All the maghzens, the natige chiefs and the native officials, the students, most evolutionized from our own schools, and the professors .from the musulman universities, etc .., have shown an understanding and devotion, which I will never forget. "It ia dur:L~ my ~ in Morocco, while applying in the spirit of the Protectorate, for the prosperity of the country, the politique of my venerated master Marshal Lyautey, that I lived~ most beautif'ul, and most fruitful years, of my life. I have always considered Morocco my second fatherland. I laave Morocco in my heart. "Today it remains the outstanding duty of all--and I demand it urgently, in particular .from all those Frenchmen, and Moroccans, who are devoted to me--to help m;y- uccessor, s the new reppesentative or France, in Morocco, with all their strength. Under his authority, they shall unite all their thoughts, and all their actions, towards the war efforts of our two countries. "Men come and go1 France and Morocco live on! General Clark works steadily at his office throughout the hot afternoon, has dinner alone at his villa and spends the evening reading and brousing around the house. * * �5 OUJDA,JUNE 8, 194.3--Clearing the decks tor action on operation BRI STONE, M General Clark calls General Smith, Chier of Staff or AFHQ,today and asks that the I ArmoredCorps and attached units be pulled out of the Fifth Arm;rtroop list. Thia Corpe has been attached to Fitth Army despite the fa.et it is preparing to invade Sicily and ha.s no connection, except on paper, with the Fifth Army. The Fifth Al"IQ' Comaander wants to strip the station lists only to those troops that are available to him. General Clark has his three aides-Captains Houston and Byles and Lieutenant Beardwood••into his of'fice this morning to explain plans tor the invasion of Sardinia and to orient them on all matters pertaining thereto, principally the need for meticulous security. He explains the setup much as he did yesterday to the lammerer group. He goes into problems or the coming Sicilian invasion and tells how its success will go along way toward whether or not the Fifth Army will execute BRIMSTONE. The Sicilian operation is headed b~ General Alexander with General Patton commanding the American forces and General Montgomery the British forces. "The Combined Chiets of staff have been unable to name one man as a commanderof all ground•airnaval forces," General Clark says. ''History will haunt their lives for not making a decision of this character. You ~l: m:, words." Despite the fact BRIMSTONE now the first priorit7, General Clark must still is keep his eyes on possible developments that might affect BACKBONE.Along this line, he writes the following letter to General Giraud: "MyDear General: As ;you know, as Commanding General, Fifth Arsrry,I 8.11 charged with preserving against aggression the integrity 0£ French M0 rocco and of Algeria west of a northsouth line through Orleansville. I have alread;r concluded arrangements with the Resident-General or Morocco whereb7, in the event of hostilities, all French troops in Morocco, less the 2nd Armoredd, 2nd Moroccan Intantry, and the 4th Molllltain (formerl;r crd Moroccan Infantry) Divisions, will pass to the commandof the Commanding General, Fifth ArrrtiJ, on D-day. . "It is requested that 7ou accede to silllilar arrangements for the foregoing excepted divisions, together with the lat Armored Division and all other French troops west of a north-south line through Orleansville. It is further requested that you agree to direct correspohdence, in connection with planning prior to P~, by this headquarters with any appropriate headquarters subordinate to yours. Cordially Yours, (s) Mark W. Clark, Lieutenant General, U.S.A., Commanding." Throughout the da:r, General Clark has several conferences with Chief of Sta.ff concerning peysical arrangements for the BRIMSTONE planning staff. The French liaison office has been cleared • and the Kamllerer group has moved in. General Clark also confers wi·th General Ridgway of the 82nd Airborne. Ridgway has maey matters he wants to discuss so General Clark has him f'or lunch at his villa so the two generals can talk over use of the 82nd Airborne and how it will be re-built up following the Sicilian invasion so it can be used against Sardinia. Prime Minister Churchill, now bac~ ' 'in ...England after ··. .. '"~. . , his trip to Washington. and �Africa., "To General Clark personal and secret from Prime Minister ••• I am very sorry that the arrangements form:, return from Algiers mat.leit impossible for me to have lunch with you. I had looked forward greatly- to seeing you again, and I hope that it will not be long before I do so. :eest wishes." At 5:30 FM, General Clark goes to his villa and soon General Gruenther and Captaina Houston and Lieutenant Beardwood show up for a ping pong match in which the Fifth Ana:, Commander's two a.ides whip the CommandingGeneral and his Chief of Sta.ff. For dinner, General Clark has Colonel Vincent, his G-4, and Lieut. Col. Bruce ot the Medical Section. * * * OUJDA,JUNE 9, 194.3-•TwoBRIMSTONE conferences are held today as the planning group gets down to work and General Clark widens the size of the group brought into confidence on the Bif'th An11"'s new directive. In the earl~ JDOrning, General Clark has all his section chiefs--with the exception of those who a.re already informed on BRIMSTONE--into his office: Colonel Boatner, Army Engineer; Col. Sull:lzan, Army Quartermaster; Col. Robinson, AntiAircraft Officer; Col. Martin, ArmySurgeon; Col. Barker, Chemical Officer; Col. Nible, Ordnance Officer; Col. Beam, Air Officer, and Col. Markoe, G-1. After explaining the directive, General Clark continues: "There is a damn good chance that we will execute it. The best possible plans must be developed. There can be no looking back over our shoulder for the possibility of other tasks. This is our first priority and I don't want to hear any gripes that it can't be done or might not be done. The tentative date is somewhere between September 15 and October 1. Although you people won't be directly connected with the planning, some of the people in your sections will be right in the middle or it. Each of you must submit as soon as possible an estimate of your minimumtro op requirements and kindred matters. All of you will be more-or-lese honorary members or the planning group. In approaching this thing we must work from the basis that we will have too few troops and not enough time to plan. We must work, work, work. I want all of you to keep the directive constantly on your minds so you can develop new ideas, present theories that might occur to you. I want each section to subnit to me a report on what it will want in con.~ection with the operation. Lack of things won't stop me. -I'll improvise. I'll have mock-ups made for the missing training craft. 11Above all, I want your ideas. I want you to be thinking day and night. I want you to bring me your ideas, no matter how fantastic they may seem. Two ideas have already occured to me. Invasion boats make certain noises that can't be muf• fled. I 1m toying with the idea of having one or a few landing craft cruise off the north shore or Sardinia with records plqing onamplifiers the sounds that landing craft make. It would be one :form of diversion that might be worth trying. The second idea is using the little toy crickets that children use. These could be used, particularly by parat-roopers, to communicate with each other. It would be an excellent method of getting a com~ or a battalion together in the dark to1lowing a jap. These ar~' examples of the idea.B that I am talking about." The tirst major BRDiSTONE conference is hel d today as Colonel Paxton of the Engineers gives office r s who know about plans for Sardina a terrain appreciation. Paxton has been studying Sardinian publ i co.tions in --England., Algiers and Oujda. �E He gives these facts about Sardinia . It is the second-le.rgest island in the Mediterranean. Its greatest length i s 66 miles; greatest width 80 miles. It contains 9, 000 S(luar e l!liles of territory. It is separated frol)J French-0\med Cousica by only a 7 1/2 mile strait . It's cl osest point is 125 miles from the Italian mainl ande Bizerte is only 100 miles away so it is closer to us than it is to the Itali ans. The western section of the island is hilly and cultivated with a few fairly wide valleys. The eastern half is mountainous and di ff5 .cul t to traverse. The bulk of the 975, 000 people living on Sardinia are in the western half of the island. The highest point on the island is two peaks, both 5, 500 feet high. The principal ports and the four major airfields are in the western half. A distinct terrain feature is the valley extending northwestward from Ca.gliari ., the :i.aland ' e: principal city and harbor on the south coast . The valley is 60 miles long, extending to the west coast, and 10 to 15 miles wide. It is principally farm country and all types of forces could move there. It contains four airdromes: two usable by heavy bombers, one by medirnn bombers and the other by pursuit craft. Another strange terrain feature is a lengthy 1, 000 foot high escarpment running ENE through the center of the island. There are only two passes through this strange formati .on and through them pass the highways and railways . It will present a. tough tactical feature . The northern part of the island is filled with ravines, gullies and washes and the roads in that section are very winding . The road net in the south, west and north is fairly good. In the east it is poor . The key to north and south mo'\"0roent the escarpment . The be s t road is a 25 foot wi de highway is running from Ce.gliari through the wide valley to Oristano., the port at the other end .. No where is the valley over 100 feet above sea level hence it is a flat , straight road. It connects the two best ports on the island. The principal eastwest highway runs from Bosa 011 the west coast to Orosei on the east. Thi.s road is fairly good and straight halfw~ across the island, then, in the eastern half, becomes steeply grD.ded and twisting . The key to the escarpment and the main city i n the center of the island is Macomer The island has one standard guage railroad . that ru.'lB from Caglairi northward to the north coast , t hen turn s east to Aranci, near the northeast tip of Sar dinia . The are other railroads of varying narrow guages. They are mostly in the mountainous regions. The railroads, because of the terrain, have many tunnels and bridges where rail traffic could be effec ti vely sabotaged . There a.re two la .rge dam 011 the island and they supply most of the .hydroa electric power. Cne, south of the escarpment , near Macomer, backs up the largest aritifical lake in Europe. By busting the dam, the entire southern section could be paralyzed . Our bombers have already caused extensive damage to the dam. Crosscountry movement is feasible in the southwest, west and north coastal regions . Roads in the east are canalized and smart defense could cause great delay and losses . The winters are mild and rainy , the summers dry . The average ra i nfall is 25 inches with the heav-lest rains, in the mountainous interio1· going as high as 50 inches. There is snow on the high mountains from October through April . The water supply is scarce in summer. The west and north coasts have the heaviest swells but l andings would not be di fficult because of the absence of heavy ti des in the Mediterranean. The best landing bea ches are in the south and southeast sections . The beaches have a gradient of 1/40 and 1/ 60, excellent f'or the approach of landing craft to the beaches . At present the Italians reportedly have two reg.., u1ar divisions on the island: one a cca; artillery - field artillery t outfit and the oth er presumably infantry . G- 2 r eports show the Itali a ns could build their Sard in4.an force up to fot.n' infantry divisions and two coastal divisions . ~~ ~ ie~f.t~~ ' >f:t; .~: ~~;}~~ !;\~ ~ .- · :·~:~~~.· · ~-~;~ _, , z · : 8""Ui'f'-!J 7, ·JBs ;: 't\Q.~~r:y, 't '.lr. ;'.J '\ -~1''k ~ ' S1) ~' '6 ;n: .~ J: ~-~· · ~4 f".'l':C:<~ ~,. t.?J· ,~ ~~l;'- -~ {'". ~ ,-\J:,. �( Arter Col. Paxton has finished his lecture, General Clark makes a few remarks, stressing the need for absolute security on what the Fifth b.rmy is now working on. Ge11eral Clark greets another new group of officers recently arrived at Fifth Following his established custom, he gives them a short talk welcoming them, congratulating them on being assigned to Fifth Army. He tells them that "we are headed for combat" and advises them to devote themselves to perfecting themselves for the day when they do go into battle. He stresses the need for alertness. Army.~ During the afternoon, the General flies to Saidia in his Piper Cub. In an accompanying Cub is Colonel King of the Air Section. The general goes out for a short ride in his boat, then returns to Oujda, arriving at 6 PM. He pilots the little 6ub all the way back, taking it off and le.ndihg , it. The general has distributed to all members of the Fifth Army today a memorandUll on military discipline. Its~, in part: "The 11aintenance of the highest standards of military discipline is necessary in order to build and maintain an capable of successfully accomplishing the arduous missions that lie before the Fifth Army. I accordingly expect all ranks to demonstrate at all times the most rigorous compliance with the requirements of discipline, cleanliness and smartness, and to act promptly and with appropriate severity on all breaches or military discipline by others. The standards of the Fifth Arrrty in these matters depends on the personnel itself', and neither the officers nor the enlisted men of the Ji'ilih Army should be satisfied, aey more than I will be, with any but the k highest disciplinary standards. They are the foundation upon which battle effic- · illncy and victory are based." The general then outlines regulations relating to saluting, military bearing and ·neatness and billets. ~ In the e,rening, the general has one of his aides, for dinner. Lieutenant Beard,mod, at his villa * * * OUJDA, JUIIB 10, 1943-..A.nimmediate and urgent matter is tossed in General Clark's lap today and he devotes most of the day to organizing for a vital tour of inspection that :idlKBritish Secretary ot State for War Grigg will make in the Oran-A.rzew•La Senia area. Word of the Secretaries trip to Africa is "' eceirid r at 8 AMand by 9 General Clark has Colonel Lewis on hie wa:y to the Oran area to make preparations for the visit which will take place June 14. The General qevotes the entire morning to organizing the tour that will last six hours. He decides what troops will be reviewed, where Secretary Grigg will be taken, what the program will be. After conferring with General Gruenther, it is decided what troops will be alerted. General Ridgway is called in from 82nd Airborne Division headquarters so tho possibility of a mass paratroop Jump can be canvassed. Grigg is coming to North Af'riea to look over tr.oops that are atout to push o:tf in the Sicilian in-.asion. General Clark plans on flying to La Senia tomorrm, to go over the ground where Grigg will be taken. Just before noon, General Clark has his public relations officer, Colonel Clark, in to make preparations for covering and photographing the trip of the high Jill British official. The Fifth Army's new G-3, Colonel Donald Brann, arrives at Headquarters at noon. He is met at the airport by Colonel Kammerer, ~ho will head the new planning group and the officer that Co, ~,.._ to replace. Colonel Brann baa ·"''" · �l lunch with General Clark at · the C.G's Villa. During the meal, General Clark explains the entire plans and training set-up, orienting Brann on the problems that will face him. E &1,U!l; L"'""";;l.,,,. J ,1,,im;k~"" '~C.~,~~ ~;i;i.~~ ;,": r.i,~ .:'t .,,. • ~~~t~~t!l!J! ✓ : General Clark works steadily at his office throughout a hot and long afternoon. New ideas are woven into preparations for Secretary Grigg 1 s visit. At IJ PM the Firth Army Commander gets a break froo paper work as four newly-commissioned second lieutenants come to the general's office to be congratulated and have their pictures taken with the Anrr:r Comril8.Ilder. During the day, General Clark sends the following cable in reply to Prime Minister Churchill's message: "Greatly appreciated your thoughtful message. It was a great disappointment to entire Firth Army personnel that you were unable to pey- us visit and review our troops. Visit by you would have been tremendous impetus to us. We hope for a visit at some future date. Best wishes." General Clark receives today a report on Lieut. Col. Sutherland's audience yesterday with General Nogues. The report, in part)(, says: "He (General Nogues) said that be bad been much impressed by the ceremonies at Headquarters Firth Ar1n7on the occasion or the visit of General Orgaz. He said that he had been greatly impressed by tho perfection or the reception and especially by the fine organization of the parachute demonstration which he knew had produced a strong impression on the Spanish. I said that we all had admired the way he had gone through the cermemonies despite the injury to his leg ••• General Nogues then · began to talk quite f'reely about the history or his relations with Genere.1 Clark. He said he thought General Clark was one of the few people who understood the situation thoroughly at the time of the negotiations immediately a:fber the American landing, and said that he doubted that the situation had been understood by our publicists in the United States. He said that he knew that General Clark has an run the risk of criticism because or the arrangements made with the French at that time, but felt that a peaceful working arrangement in French North Africa until the enemy could be cleared out of Thnisia was a primary necessity. Nowthat we have won in Tunisia, he was satisfied to step down, and he felt that history would do him justice for havi:pg co?15ributed to that end. In June 1940 he had wanted to continue resisting the Germans, but felt that had he done so a German occupation of North Africa would have resulted. He said that he felt that the Americans would have a less easy relationship with the Algiers government than they had had with the preceding one ~nd that the French governmental functions would tend to be much more centralized in Algiers than they had been prior to the Giraud-<leGaulle accord. The English, he thought, were working for a · larger measure of oontrol in North Africa, and McMillan was outplaying Murphy• ••• General Nogues said that he felt that he needed a rest for a while, but when he had recuperated a little he would be glad to serve France in any capacity whatever ••• General Nogues said that he hoped that when France was reconquered he could meet General Clark in Paris where they could taast a well-won victory." A.rter a day ot highly concentrated work, the Firth Army Commandergoes to •t 6 FM, plays a few games of ping-pong with Lieutenant Beardwood, has dinner alone at the villa and spends the evening reading. his villa * * * �lO OUJDA,JUNEll, 1943--With such a short time in which to make preparations for the impending visit of British Secretary of State for War Grigg, General Clark spends the entire morning eoncentrating on the Brit,ishera tour. Colonel Lewis is making preliminary plans at Oran and Arzew. He reports to the General twice by telephone during the day-o Inst4ad of fiying up today to look over the route and go over plans on the ground, the general decides to wait until Sunday when ha will fly up and go through a complete "dry run" of the entire tour from its start at La Senia airport to its finish there six hours later. \( Already some Fifth Army ~rsonnel, in addition to Colonel Lewis, has gone up to the area where Grigg will review American and British troops and inspect training facilities where units :participati..Ylg in the Sicilia,n invasion have had their final preparation. · Regarding the Sicilian operation, the island of Pantelleria, Italian possession in the Sicilian Straits between Sicily and Tunisia, surrenders today to the Allies after terrific bombardment from the sea and air! The key island has been under almost constant attack since May 29. This neutralizes a vital spot on the pathway toward Sicily. Major military point about Pantelleria is a subterranean airport which the Allies sea and air forces have been hammering for over two weeks. Thus, Italy loses another possession and the Allies arc ever closer to her home soil. The only non-Grigg conference or the general's this morning is with Col. Fifth Army Judge Advocate General, who comes in to discuss several courts martial cases. Mickelwaite, C With preparations for the Monday review going smoothly, with the BRIMSTONE force getting down to essential on their planning task, General Clark takes off shortly before noon for Chaney-and the Fif'th Army Leadership and Battle Training Center9 The Fifth Arl'J\Y Commander has planned to visit this new and highly improtant Center earlier in the week but had to postpone a scheduled visit yesterday because of his directive from AFOO make all plans and preparations for the to Grigg visit. Arriving at the school, General Clark lunches with the school staff then goes out to watch the students--officers of company grade and non-commissioned officer--go through their first indoct r ination to fire problem. He watches a platoon go forward with ita own machine guns firing JO inches ofer their crawling bodies and with 81 and (:/j mmmortars lobbing shells over their heads. The General is pleased with the discipline and the way the problem is con• ducted. However he is 11horrified 11 that the British instructor is indoctrinating the American troops with British., not American, technique. The assault by the platoon is conducted along entirely British lines. General Clark tells General Wilbur, his director of training, that this must stop i:rm: 1 edia.tely and that 11 we must teach our own doctrines. 11 "It is too late," continues the general, "to s:bart learning new tricks; particularly when we have mastered our own old tricks yet. We can take all valuable teachings of British doctrines and ·insert them with ours. But this must be done by incorporation. We can't confuse our troops by teaching them British methods this late in the game." The Fifth Army Commander, after loold.ng over the Center and its training facilities, declares that this new school II is progressing nicely and much has been done in a short time." He is particul~ pleased with the discipline. The troops that the general see _ ......,... ...._~w,ii,1- the school's first class. ,,__ ~ Se �( After watching tho proo em for two hours and questioning the students and instructors, General Clark flies back to Fifth Army Headquarters in his Piper Cub and arrives back at his office at 4:55 PM During his absence, Brig. Gen. . James L. Frink, deputy Quartermaster General of the U.S. Amy, has arrived. He is met by Colonel Sullivan, Fifth Army Quartermaster . Frink inspects Q.M. units in the Oujda area . Back at his office, General Clark works until 5:45 PM clear • ing up pa.per work and checking over once again with Geneml Gruenther the pro gress of preparations for British Secretary of War Brigg ' s visit. He then goes to his villa and has as his dinner guests General.3 Gruenther and Frink and Colonel Sullivan. The quartet discusses supply problems, particularly as they relate to the Fifth Army• The Army's Deputy Chief of Starr, Colonel Saltzman, has returned from a quick trip to Fez where he conferred with His Ma esty, the Sultan of Morooco, j concerning the Moslem official's late June visit to Oujda . The plans for the visit are shaping up well and Saltzman returns with a report that all is proceeding satisfactorily . * * * 0UJDA:..sl1.IDIA-OUJDA, JUNE 12 , 194.3--General Clark works on three pbmblems during the morning. First priority is the pending visit of the British official, listed in ·the directi~ as the British Secretary of State for War but believed to be a much higher-ranking person. Two more officers leave for Oran this morning to make further preparatfons for the vi sit: Lt. Col. Smith, headquarters commandant, 11howill be in charge of transportation, and Lt. Col. Broaddus, Provost Marshal, who will handle pol:tcing and guards. The general sews up details of tho visit and lays plans to lea ve here at 8:45 tomorrow morning so he can make a "dry run 1t of the ceremony. The second big matter taken up by the General is BRIMSTONE planning. Word bas come that the Fifth Army plann .ng group might have to move to Algiers to be closer to A.F .H.Q. Gene~l Clark says he ,vill 11stl"'ongly" oppose such a plan. General Gru.enther calls Algiers and enters a vigorous protest to such a move. The second development in line with BRIN~TONE the receipt of a directive to is the Bri ·tish calling on them to plan for the inv-c1.sionof the toe and heel of Italy in the early fall. This is the companion project to the Sardinia.n invasion which has been · set up for piAnning and possible execution by General Clark's Fifth Army. The thifd thing tha.t occupies the general ' s morning is making plans to be certain that training at the Leadership and Battle Trainj_ng Center is alorig American,, not :British, lines. To be sure of his ground, the General pores over training manuals. Je al~o seea about improving the ration at the school. After world.ng on the three above matters and other papers that come through his office, General Clark lunches at his villa and then leaves at 12:45 PMfor Saidia by automobile. He is accompanied by Major Roberts and Lieutenant Beardwood~ At Saidia., General Clark checks on improvements made through the change of command and confers with Lieut. Col. Keeley, the new commandant of the Fifth Arrrry Recreation Center. Following thl.s, he goes for a swim with Lieutenant Beardwood and Col. Gale, iir Section officer who is spending a few days at the Recreation Center. At 5:15, the Fifth Army Commanderreturns . t9 Ou da and goes directly to his villa . Aft er �✓ dining alone, General Clark has four visitors: Colonel Saltzman and three diplomats from Spanish Morocco: Mr. Elbrick, second secretary of the U.S. Legation at Tangiers; Mr. Flexer, , who is going to talce up a new post at Melilla; and Mr. Clopet, of Tangiers and an expert on petroleum. The talk revolves around the new post that Flexer is ta.kingo General Clark brings Flexer up to date on his relations with High Commissioner and General Orgaz. · If you don't think an army conu.nander has to deal with all types of problems, look at the following letter that has been received from the womanwho runs most of the brothels in the OUjda district: "Dear General: Veneratad, glorious and distinguished one, let benediction and grace be upon you, greetings: I have the honor to request you to accord me, out of your high consideration, the authorization of B.M.C. (Bordel Milite.ire de campagne, i.e., accompaeying brothel for troops on campaign), whether in Oujda or Ta.faralt. My conduct is eood, never convicted, and I have always been correct toward my chiefs and conformed to the law. Please Accept, General, the homage of my most profound respect. Your Obedient Servant, (s) Saddiki Fatma.. P.3. The patroness Saidia of Tafaralt has been sentenced se:veral times, and I never have." Repl~ng for the general, Col. Sutherland of the Liaison Section answers in 11 words: "It has been decided that the authorization sought cannot be granted.'' * * * OUJD-ORA A N-OUJDA, JUNE1.3, 1943--General Clark makes a irary run 11 today of the entire route over which the distinguished British guest will pass tomorrow. The Fifth AI'r!ly Commanderleaves for Oran in his C-47 at 8:45 AM.Arriving there 45 minutes later, he begins the "dry runn from La Senia airport where the British official will arrive tomorrow morning. Proceeding at the speed that the convoy will follo\V tomorrow., the General goes over the entire area.. All troops who will participate and that can be in position today are lined up as they will be when the actual inspection oomes.. The general even has his lunch under a. grove of trees where the English dignitary will lunch tomorrow. The route +eads from Oran to Arzew, St. Cloud and the area. surrotmding the Invasion Training Center,. Colonel Lewis, who has been working night and day on the program, accompanies General Clark. Details of the route will be given in tomorrow's diary when the actual event is covered. Arter going over the entire route and satisfying himself that all is ' in readiness for the inspection and review; General Clark gets back in his C-47 and returns to Oujda, returning to his office at J:40 PM. The weather is extremely hot. At his office, General Clark imrnediately goes i nto conference with General &ruenther to explain how the 11dry run" went and to pave the way for small refine• ments. Colonel Howard is brought in to alert three Counter Intelligence Corps officers who will go to Oran tomorrow in connection with the special visit. During his absence, General Clark has received-the following message from �\3 radi~liift~}~b~ 7? t;; 18:l! ~ .S General Patton. The ~ t~~~1 quest that the I Armored Corps be detached from the Fifth Army because of its impending use in the Sicilian inva.sion •. This is the ro.dio: "Having learned with deep regret th.at higher headquarters has removed the I Armored Corps from Commandof the Fifth Army, I wish to express you my sincere thanks and the deepest appreciation on the part of the entire Corps for the helpful, kind, and efficient guidance you have given us in the pa.st." Generf\l Clork answers General Patton as follows: "Deeply appreciate message • •• • I reciprocate your regret that I Armaed Corps has been removed from my command and desire to express my appreication and admiration of the splendid and cooperative manner in which you and your organization ha.ve· operated since the formation of the Fifth Army. The keen interest and best wishes of the Fi.fth Army will go with you in all future undertakings and it is my hope that we will be associated again at an early date. 11 ( Colonel Howard, Fifth Army G•2, has received an interesting ttsummary of information 11 on an investig~tion made of Caid Mansouri of Berkane, the area just north of Oujda. In part, the report states: "Recently, hO\Yever, Mansouri was much impressed by au American beau geste towards the Arabic population, and has related the circumstance privately to some of his European acquaintance · , al though s he has not told the story widely among the Arabs. The story, as told my Mansouri, runs as follows: 'When General Clark invited the Pasha of Oujda to dinner, the Pasha was unable to use his own car, due to the lack of gasoline. When General Clark learned of this, without any request being made upon him, he put a regular supply of gasoline at the disposal of the Pasha every month. At another time, when the Pasha was invitod to dine with General Clark, the Pasha received a telegram stating that his wife was dead in Marrakech. He wrote a note to General Clark, stating that he was sorry that he was unable to come to dinner since he had re• ceived news that his wife had died. A major from General Clark's staff arrived soon after at the Pasha's house, stating, 'General Clark is very sorry to hear of the death of your wife. He knows that you wish to go to Marrakech and he has put an airplane at your disposal. When would you like to leave~• The Pasha decided that he would go at four o'clock. Exactly at four o'clock, not a minute before or after, but exactly at four, an automobile arrived before the house of the Pasha. The major took the Pasha to the airfield, where a cgreat transport plane was waiting, its motors turning, ready to depart . The Pasha mounted the plane and they left inuned• iately • •• 1 Mansouri continued, •That was a wonderful thing for the Americans to do. Can you imagine the French arranging aJVthir..g like that? ' According to the report, this incident bas made a profound inf l uence on the Mansouri, changing the attitude which he previously held. Thia attitude, originating from Mansouri, will have a great effect upon all those to whomhe tells the story, because of his enthusiasm." Press reports have come in from Spanish Morocco concerning General Orgaz' visit to General Clark. This is the only mention made of troops in the story. "Immediately, Lieutenant General Orgaz, Gene1·al Clark and the French Resident General Nogues reviewed in Oujda the forces of a French unit which paraded in dress uniform •• " General Clark makes this note: "Clever the way thfJ' ommitted die. play of force by the Fifth U.S. Army. Probably afraid Axis reaction." The Italian island of Lempedusa, south of Pantalleria has fallen and all Mussolini has left now is the Italian mainland, Sardinia and Sicily . His "empire" is tottering. �Colonels Sal t zman and Sutherland are completing arrangements for the coming visit of the Sultan . Tentative plans call for the Fi:rth Army to stage a military demonstration for his Sultanic Majesty at 5:JO PMon June 25th. General Clark writes the Sultan two letters today, telling him how anxious he is to have the Sultan visit Fifth Army headquarters and inviting him to tea at the Comanding General's villa m on June 24. Genera .l Clark Fifth has Colonels Army Co:rruna.nder to leave is Sullivan and Markoe at his villa for dinner . The early tomorrow for Oran and the big review . * * * OUJDAORANANDARZEW AREA-OUJDA, JUNE 14, 1943- --General Clark is host today to Hia Majesty King George VI, King of Britain , Defender of the Faith and Emperor , of India ! The king ·is the "special planned . visitor" for whomthe review and inspection · has been General Olar k, accompanied by British Lieutenant Col. Broke and Captain By:les, leaves Fifth Army Headquarters at 8 :00 AMand the party takes off from Oujda airport in the Fifth Arrrry Commander's C- 47 at 8:25 . Arriving at La Senia airport, Oran, at 1015, Algerian time, General Clark reviews a guard of honor made up of the second battalion of the 47th Infantry . The General then double - checks with Col. Lewis, Lt . Col. Smith and Major Jackson all arrangements for the review and inspection that the King will make. By 11 AM, several other general officers have arrived at the airport: Patton, Bradley, Eddy, Larkin, Keyes and Wileon . Shortly after 11 AM a four -motored York boml::er, escorted by fighter planes, , circles over the field . Landing, the York bomber stops in front of the honor guard and King George, wearing a suntan shade army uniform, steps out of the plane. General Clark, who has not seen the King since he was summoned to Buckingham palace last tall, steps up to greet his Majesty. The King is accompanied by Sir Jrunea Griggs, British Secretary of State for War; Colonel Kavanagh, equerry to the King; Group Captain Fielden of the Royal Air Force, and Colonel Calthorpe, a meml::erof Sir James' ate.ff . General Clark conducts the King in front of the honor guard and the King and the Fifth Anny commander take the salute as the band plays "God Save The King." His Majesty and General Clark then troop the line. The King looks the troops over closely. As soon as the guard had been inspected, The King and General Clark get in the Fifth Army Commanders Packard and, preceded by Geneaal Clark ' s personal ' motorcycle escort which is perfectj:y groomed and wearing white helm. ts with the e Fifth Army ins i gnia on them, leave La Senia to start the inspection of a number of . United States Army units located in the Oran-Arzew region. Just before le,ving Oran, the King places a wreat~ on the grave of an American soldier who was killed in the November 8 landing at Oran and who was buried in the American cemetery, a short distance north of La Senia . Leaving the cemetery and proceeding toward Arcole, the convoy passes the 376th Engineers (colored) . The troops are standing at attention alongside the road. The convoy passes slowly through while General Clark expl ains to King George the fun- T �,c,., . .. ,~ ~~ l"il'!~ ~.ki(~~~t!?.lfn,~iif(ffl!.'!f ( ~4.;t'.j'tlQt'S':<'!\, \;;)f't-flSl'P :*; \il,C:t'::X i'.?:l?;~~ '/;i\~W 'I'" -{;~;;i :!j ctions of this particular outfit. The procession of cars is quite long. After the spearhead of white-helmeted motorcycle riders comes the car bearing King George and General Clark. This lead ~ar is followed by a commandcar that is to be used at points along the route as anx open vehicle from which the King and the General will inspect troops. This is followed by a commandcar containj_ ng Counter Intelligence Cmrps officers, a weapons carrier containing newspapermen and photographers, General Patton I s oar in which ride the I Armored Corps Commander, Sir James and Captain Byles ; a car containing Generals Bradley and Wilson and Colonel Kavanagh; another automobile with General F.ddy and Colonel Calthorpe; a car with General Larkin and Lieut. Col. Broke. Other card with lesser officials, plus a Jeep with a . 50 caliber machine gun mounted on it, rounds out the long procession . Between Arcole and St. Cloud, the column passes the 753rd Tank Battalion which is lined up beside its medj_um tanks and the 645th T~ Destroyer Battalion. Both of these outfits are drawn up with their tanks and self - propelled guns along the road. Troops stand rigidly at attention as the column passes. General Clark and the King get into the commandcar and ride along the line of men and equipment in the car that has its top down. Another commandcar, with General ·Patton and Sir James Griggs follov1s behind. Near St. Leonie, the convoy turns off to the left and , after driving down a narrow, dusty country road, halts in a shady grove of trees . Luncheon is to be served here. The comy reaches the spot nine Ill'lhnutesbehind schedule due to the King's interest in the tank unit. Tables that will seat four persons each have been laid beneath the trees . General Clark, as host, has the King, Sir JJ ames and General Patton at his table . The lunch is served in G.I . mess kits and the main course is beef stew . The King expresses interest in the mess kit and the general presents him with one. Then Sir James, who has already spilled a little stew on his suit, asks for a mess kit . Ae with the King, General Clark instructs a mess orderly to get a kit cleaned up and ready for Sir James. When it is delivered, Sir James puts it on his lap . After a short while, General Clark decides he should look into the kit to see if the utensils are enclosed . He opens it-and finds it Ml or a large, fresh serving l The beef stew is again on the verge of running out on Sir James• already mussed trousers . At exactly 12:48 PM, the scheduled time, the convoy pulls out of the luncheon grove and proceeds to the Arzew-St. Lew;u area. Here, the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center puts on two impressive demonstrations while the King watches with acute interest . The convoy pulls up on the road running parallel to Arzew beach and everyone dismounts to watch the landing of DUWKSt11 and a half ton U.S. ( ·0 ••-,w■■ilUMu•ep■11.dmi1uari&1ipiiii~lirallfldUICIIIIJlBi_.aM11buimp_._ ..-: trucks designed for amphibious landings; they are a somewhat larger edition of the U.S. amphibious jeeps). The large trucks, loaded with infantry, which can nose their way down the ramps of landing barges and into the sea, approach the shore, ground their wheels and churn up onto the beach. The infantrymen then charge across the beach and the dunes in a simulat ed attack. They charge right up to the King' s party. It is an exciting show. Proceeding toward Port-aux-Paules, the party again leaves its vehicles and watches a company of intantry demonstrate an attack on a mock-up village and go thr ough st reet fighting tactics. Live ·ammunition is used and the demonstration is highly realistic with detonations and firing. Troops race up the streets with fire going over t heir heads and within inches of t heir hips as they hug the walls. �I I ET The King is deeply impressed, particularly with the discipline of the troops. The party then inspects two battalions of the 67th Armored Regiment, the 82nd Reconnaissance Batta1ion. These out.fits are drawn up alongside the road with the i r materiel and the tr oops a.re sta."lding at attenti on bes ia e their equipment . Next, the third b:i.ttru.ion of the 18th Infantry is passed and the King gets a close look at a regiment that saw rigorous service on both the south and north sectors of the Tunisian front. Proceeding hack toward Oran, the 41st Armored Infantry and the 70th Tank Bat~ i ion (light). Just short of Oran, the party stops at a large field where the .39'th Infantry Combat Team, part of the 9th Division, is drawn up ready for review . The King and General Clark drive in front and behind the lined up troops, veterans of the Tunisian campaign. Then, the combat tE-,am passes in review, both on .foot and in vehicles. Returning to La Senia, the honor guard again salutes the King. Just befo r e he reboards his plane, the band again plays 11God Save The King. " Already the .fighter plane escort is circling around overhead and as soon as the King ' s big plare is off the ground , they fall in around it. Before boarding the plane, the King shakes hands with General Clark and thanks him for a splendid demonstration . The long and involved program has run on a clockwork schedule . The King ' s enthusiasm has attested to its success. As soon as the King is away, General Clark re - boards his C- 47 and with several of his officers returns to Oujda. The transport lands at Angade .field at 3: 22 PMMoroccan time. There a~e other developments of interest today. Oujda has its first air raid al ert in months shortly after midnight . For the f'irst time, the slit trenches arotmd headquarters aro put to use. Nothing happens but later word comes th.at 21 Italian paratroops j Utlped at Aiu Temouchent, between Oran and Oujda . Twenty have been captured. From the equipment they carried , the purpose of th tiir jump was to demolish either planes or communications. Fi.fth Army Headquarters also marks today American Flag Day and United Nations Day. Colonel Sullivan , the Army Quartermaster , makes the speech of the day to the assembled Fifth Army officers. General Clark returns to his office to clear up urgent paper work in what is left of a ver.r busy day . He must also prepare for the arrivial here tomorrow for a three or four day vis i t of General Eisenhower, the Commander in-Chief . General Clark plans to talte Gener~l "Ike" to several Fifth Army Tra i ning Centers . The pro gram also calls for the C-in-C to have a chance to relax. * * * OUJDA - FRITISSA-SAIDIAOUJDA,JUliE 15, 1943- -The Aliied Commander in-Chief, General Eisenhovier, arrives at Oujda airport in his Flying Fortress at 8:35 AM today to be greeted by his fr i end of long-standing, General Clark. General Eisen hower is accompanied only by his naval aide, CoMmanderButcher , and his orderly, Sergeant Mc Keough. Behind fluttering flags, a motorcycle escort and a huge fourstarred plate, General Clark brings his guest to Fifth Anny Headquarters. The route is well -li ned with military police. r . At headquarters, the honor guard is out in fti.11 force. Generals Eisenhower and Clark, flanked by General Gruenther and CommanderButcher, sal ute as the band plays four f lourishes. Them, General Eisenhower j_ nspects the honor guard. Following this, Generals Clark and Eisenhower hold a long _conference in the Fi f th Army �,/ Com.118.Ilder's office. It ·covers a multitude of matters of a secret nature. General Clark has laid out an active program for the C-in - c. First on the schedule is a trip to the Fifth Army Engineer Training Center. After dri v-lng back to the airport , Generals Clark and Eisenhower, accompanied by Com ander Butcher, Col. Clark r.1 and two press association reporters, take off at 10 Arll. for the school at Fritissa . Forty minutes later, General Clark's 6•47 puts down on a runway that has been constructed at the school. After meeting Col. Wyatt, the school's commandant, Generals Clark and Ei senhower go out into the training areas in a com and car to · m watch students clearing a minefield. General Eisenhower , commenting that the mine was one of the most feared weapons on the Tunisian front, watches the work closely as students carefully dig up live mines and neutralize or disarm them. From General Clark and Col . Wyatt he gets a. report on hmv training is pr oceeding , · the _ wnber of students that have already gone through the school . General Eisenn ho-;ver is pleased with the course and with the disciplining andphyai cal hardening that the school is giving. At 11:5 7, the C-47 truces off for Oujda, landing there at 12:42. General Clark i mmediately takes his guest to his vil la for lunch . At 2:00 Thl, the two Generals , accompanied by CommanderButcher and Sergeat McKeogh, leave by car for Saidia . Upon arr i val at the villa, the party changes into swimming tuunks and Generals Eisenhower and Clark and CommanderButcher and Lieutenant Beardwood go swimming in front of the general's villa . General Eisenhower, taking his first swim since service in the Philippines, enjoys himself tremendously . When he comes out he sunbathes for an hour . During all this time, even in the water, Generals Clark and Eisenhower are more or less conducting business about army matters. Following the swim, General Clark takes General Eisenhower to his villa for re freshments. They sit on the porch in the breeze for an hour ,u still talking over army matters. At 5:10 PM, the party starts driving back to Oujda. General Clark has Generals Eisenhower and Gruenther and CoramanderButcher as his dinner guests . Afterward, the foursome plays br i dge with General Clark and CommanderButcher · trimming the C- in-C and General Clark ' s Chief of Staff . General Eisenhower remains overnight as General Clark ' s guest. Tomorrow, the C-in -C will visit the Leadership and Battle School at Chanzy. He will also go to headquarters of the 82nd Airborne Division and watch a paratroop jump. * * * 0UJDA_ANGADE-CHANZY - 0UJDA, JUNE 16 , 1943 •- The Allied Commanderin-Chief continues today his inspect of Fifth Army T1 •aining Centers and troops in the Ou a jd region . General Clark takea General Eisenhower out to Angade field, 10 miles out of Oujda, at 8:45 AMto witness a paratroop jump and so the C- in-C can address field grade officers of the 82nd Airborne Division. Arriv-lng at 82nd Division headquarters , Generals Eisenhower and Clark are met by General Ridgway. An honor guard is drawn up and General "Ike" inspects it . He then makes a short speech over a public address system to the division officers of the rank of major and higher. He welcomes them to North Africa, then . tells them that he is not sa t isfied with discipline in the theater. He declares that he noted yesterday while drj .ving past the 82nd Area that soldiers were slip ehod in their military courtesy, in their saluting, in their bearing, in their soldierlinoss. He then tells them that terrific tasks lie ahead and concludes: "We can do it ! We will do it!! And we v,ill meet in the streets of Berlin and talk about it U 111 �EtT{fflf~~Wi~A'~~ftllf@'r After looking over the 82nd area, General Eisenhower is taken by General Clark to a flat field near Oujda airport where he watches a battalion of field artillery make a mass parachute jump. Some of the jumpers land within ten feet of the Conmander- in-Chief . The artillerymen's six-part pa.ck howitzers are dropped in DIBequiµ.nent chutes and the paratroopers quickly assemblp them ready for firing. General Eisenhower is impressed by the precision of the jump. Follov,ing the paratroop jump , Generals Eisenhower and Clark and Commander Butcher go to Angade field, the big army airport at Ou .jda, and take off in three Piper cillb planes for Chanzy and the Fifth Army Leadership and Battle , Training Center . The three planes arrive there an hour later and General Clark, assisted by Colonel Loef, commander of the school, conducts General Eisenhower on a tour of the newst Fifth Army School. Genera.I Eisenhower then goes _ out to watch officers and enlisted men getting battle inoculation. Live ammunition is being fired over the heads of the students . Actual battle conditions are being simulated and the students go through the i r exercises with machine gun bullets whining over their prone bodies and with hand gl'enades and demolitions being thrown quite close to them. General Eisenhower declares this is just the type of training that a man must have t o he can go into battle without the i.nitial shbok , the first jarring effect of battle sounds . The party lunches at the school, sees another exercise, then flies back to Oujda in the Cubs, arriving at 2 : 25 PM . While General Eisenhower rests up at the Fifth Army Cornmander I s villa, Gen. Clark goes to his office and whittles away on papers that continue to pile in . An interesting letter has been received .f'rom General Nogues, the retired Governor General of Morocco. It says, in part : "The multiple questions posed by the connections between the American and Frencif Arnies ought to be controlled in a spirit of cordiality , understanding and confidence. The American Army has never ceased to give proof of this spirit. I am happy to receive word .f'rom the General Commanding the Fifth~ American Army that the representatives of the French Army with the Fifth Amy, and in particular , Col . Poydenot , their chief, lmow how, themselves , · to demonstrate like sentiments . Whether it be a question of satisfying reciprocal demands, of putting :Jdmi:xon their feet new French units, of organizing courses, of the delivering and collecting of materiel, Americans and French have worked in an atmosphere of warm.sympathy which has had the happiest results. The existence of such a close cooperation is particularly comforting, and its permanence will give more and more to the Allied Armies the cohesion which will make of them an invincible force • •• " Two interesting cables have come in . One concerns the last interview of a Mr. M~er, American vice eonsul at Rabat, with Nogues. The repor t s says, in part: 11Nogues e:>..-pressed adm5 .ration for the Americans and said he was pl eased that his la et day as Resident General had been spent at Oujda with General Clark. He spoke with admiration of the military demonstration; said that American troops had shown marked i1nprovement in the la.st six months and especially mentioned the splendid coordination of the officers . " The second is a digest of Mr. Childs' repo1·t to the State Department on General Orgaz ' visit to General Clark: "He tells of the journey to the frontier and the many courtesies extended by the Spaniar ds . On the way to the frontier, Genernl Orgaz told Mr. Childs, tha.t he adr.lired Admired Abraham Lincoln. Childs says of Orgaz after the return to Spanish Mor9cco: 'General Orgaz expressed his lively appreciation of the courtesies extended him by Gener al Clark and he was obviously very deeply impressed not only with the friendliness of the reception but with the impressive character of tho review, particularly the skill uisplayed by the parachute troops and by the perfeet organization with which the recepti on of �r l°J him was conducted. The remarkable smoothness with which the details of the reception of General Orgaz were executed excited the admirat:ion of every member of his party . 11 General Clark also checks over a number of things wi th General Gruenther . Organization of the BRIMSTONE planning force is going forward in good shape . Already, a staff of some 20 officers and enlisted men is working exclusttely on the Fifth A~ planning o Arrangements are also being made for the coming visit of the Sultan with the G 3 section planning a large demonstration. - In late afternoon , General Clark goes to his villa and soon the bridge game that was going last night is underway again . At 7 FM, Generals Eisenhower and Clark go to General Gruenther 1 s villa for dinner . * * * OUJDA-ORAN-ARZEWMOSTAGENl!,""'M-NOUVION - OUJDA, JUNE 17 , 194.3- "Any soldier who goes through Fifth Army trnining is going to be much better prepared to meet the initial shocks of actual battle. The training that I have seen is comprehensive, thorough and efficient . I have found the leadership to be excellent." This is the comment of General Eisenhower, the Allied Commander-in-Chief, as he completes today a thre e-day tour of Fifth Army Training Centers. The C-in-C 1 s quotation fo1· the press comes at a:the end of a day that is jam-~cked wit h action. ( Genera l Eisenhower, winding up his visit to General Clark at Oujda, departs the Generaltis villa at 7 : 30 AM General Clark is taking the C-in-G today on a . tour of w1its in the Oran area. The party is made up of Generals Clark and Eisenhower, _ CommanderButcher, CoL Clark, Mr. Whitehead of the Associated Press, and Lieut. Beardwood. General Eisenhower ' s Flying Fortress t.11.kesoff from Oujda a.t 7: 58 AMand lo.nds at La Senia. airport, Oran, 34 minutes later . Generals Larkin and Wilson are at the airport to meet the C-in-C and the Fifth Army Commander. area. A motor carav-c1.n pulls out immediat ely for a tour of service units in the Oran First, the generals are taken to ordnam~e repair shops. These cover square blocl'"..sand the most impressive thing is the plentitude of material. Generals Eisenhower and Clark go through .the various shops where men are making repairs and assembling new vehicles . Following the tour of shops and warehouses, the gener als go to the big General Hospital in Oran and General Eisenhower heads the party in a fast tour of the institution. He chats with patients, talks with doctors and nurse s . The party then goes down to the port of Oran which is cramr~ed with ships unloading supplies. The docks are covered with all kinds of materiel. The port has not dockside warehouses and the unloaded goods ar e moved out of the port region within 24 hourso From the port, the party proceeds to Canastel and the First Replacement Training Depot ., Here, General Eisenhower and General Clark drive through the encampment area. In the training areas, troops are taking calisthenics and close order drill • .A guard of honor is lined up in front of the he~dquarters of the commandant, Col . Christenberry . Generals Clark and Eisenhower troop the line then confer with Christenberry for 15 minutel3 before the convoy pulls out. Expressing a desire to see how the training is being conducted, General Eisenhower is ta..lcen to the drill field. Here he watches the men taking calisthenics wi~h rifles and talks to · the officers who �· '~-1,s~~~lt ( ~~-!T traini..llg officers and men just arrived from the States and who have not, as yet, been assigned to any particular unit .. The training is extremely rigorous, designed to toughen and discipline ·the men for battle. . From the training depot at Canastel, the party drives to Arzew and goes aboard a DUWK. this amphibious truck, General Clark shows General Eisenhower the harbor. In It is glutted with freighters and huge landing craft .. General 0 1 Daniel, who has joined the group., explains to General Eisenhower how the DUV!KS wort. The DUWK goes by huge tank landing craft that are capable of carrying €IJ light tanks. Their ramps are down and their interiors lighted s o the C-in--C can get an idea of their tremendous size. After making two trips around the harbor, the -DUWKgoes out through the harbor entrance, cruises half a mile and then e_sily goes a.shore, going from a a sea to land role. The party's ca.rs have been driven to this spot and the group climbs out of the DUVTK into the automobiles. Just to give the DUWK and ride a nautical touch, the aides whistle to "pipe" the Commander-in-Chief over the side. Continuing down the Arzew coast, General Eisenhowor is taken past the Firth Army Inv-a.sion Tra j_ ning Center comnando course area. Here troops with full packs and bayonet are climbing ropes, hurdling obstacles, getting bayonet practice. At another point, groups of four men each a.re doing exercises ·with logs six inches in diameter and eight feet long. The exercise includes tossing the log into the air and catching it. A beach landing, with live anmunition, is next staged for the C-in-c. I Arriving at General 0 1Daniel 1 s villa at Port-aux-Foules, the party has lunch. Here the group is joined by Generals Patton and Keyes of the I Armored Corps. After eating a cold buffet lunch, the party, with Patton and Kayes added and Larkin and Wilson returning to Oran, begins driving east along the coast. Troops are lined up along the road. They include tank uni ts with their vehicles, inf ant,ry• men who are tanned and tough and veterans of the Tunisian campaign, armored reconnaissance outfits, medical units. General Eisenhower rides in an open commandcar and he stands up to look the troops over more closely. All these units are to embark soon for the Sicilian invasion. Turning . off the highway into the sand dunes beside the beach, General Eisenhower witnesses a stirring show during which troops assaul·t an "enemy" machine gun emplacement. Riflemen and machinegunners lying right at the group's feet, pour heavy fire into the sandbagged emplacement on a high sand dune . Then, a man with a flame thrower goes right into the fringe of the fire and sprays the emplacement with searing fire. He is followed by a sapper who sets a charge and blows the emplacement up. The exercise is very realistic with hundreds of rounds of live ammunition being fired. Driving east again, the party passes through more troops lined up on the south of the road. Then another Fifth ArmyInvasion Training Center .show is staged. General Eisenhower sees the street fighting demonstration that has brought such praise before from the French generals and from King George. While troops pour live fire down the street and through the suildings, troops race from house to house, mopping up the "@nomy" demolishing buildings. ~ometimes the fire passes within and four inches of the street fighters' hips. General Eisenhower watches intently. Proceeding toward I Armored Corps Reinforced headquarters at Mostagenem, General EisenhOlver passes by more troops--infantcymen, a.mores units, ordnance outfits. At Mostagenem, Generals Eisenhower and Clark go to General Patton's headquarters for a conference. The I Armored Corps commanderreviews plans for the Sicilian invasion and takes the generals into his war room where the entire situation is explained. Troops are now being taken to points of embarkation for the pushoff for the assault on the big island just off Italy's toe. . side B !.li ~-. •'''fk,~~ ~ - < · . . .-,.,.. -· ,.. • . ,. ',., -•. ' .. ·• . ' ' . •. . ·· .• ,t .•. ' ,..,• ' ~~ .... , ,,;.f, ~;., ,. ' - t j �When the party emerges from the ma.proom, a band is in the headquarters courtyard. After honors are played, Generals Clark, Patton and Keyes stand before a platoon of combat ordnance troops while General Eisenhower inspects them. The party then reenters ita vehicles and starts ' the drive to Nouvion, the arnwairfield about 20 miles south of Mostagenem. During the first seven miles, the party again passes long lines of troops standing at attention along the west · fringe or the road. Arriving at Nouvion, General Eisenhower bids goodbye to the group. He expresses to General Clark his appreciation for the three-day tour and complimenta h.un on the excellence of Fifth Army training. General Clark's C-47 has flown to Nouvion during the afternoqn and as soon as General Eisenj!ower has boarded his Flying Fortress, the Fifth Army Commandergets into his transport and at 4:03 PM takes off for Oujda. An hour later the C-47 lands at Angade field and General Clark goes into headquarters. He confers with General Gruenther concerning devel• opne11ts of the day at Fifth Army Headquarters and then, at 6 PM, goes to his villa . During the past five days, General Clark has been constantly on the move. A great deal of work has piled up in his office and he hopes to have time during the next few days to clear this out of the way. He has Major Nygaard for dinner. * * * OUJDA-SAIDIA-OU,JDA, JUN'B 1 1943-•Working away at top speed during the 18 morning to clear up some of the work that has piled up during the past five days, General Clark spends his entire morning on paper work. In the afternoon he drives to Saidia and spends the afternoon on the beach. Looking back over the past five days, General Clark reviews today a few interesting incidents that arose during the visits of King George VI and General Eisenhower. Of greatest importance was a conversation between the Allied Comm ander-inChief and the Fifth Army Commander. General Eisenhower, near the conclusion of bis tour, expressed his pleasure to General Clark at the excellence of the Fifth Ar;ry schools. He said he wanted personnel from Allied Force Headquarters and other units to get the benefit of the typeof training General Clark was giving men of his own Fifth Army. General Eisenhower then said he had had several discussions with General Marshall concerning the future of the Fifth Army Commader. General Clark is n looked upon as one of the best training experts in the United States Amy--at the top of the list with General McNair. Before coming overi~eas a year ago, this was General Clark ' s prime job and he has mastered it. General Eisenhower reports he has turned down requests for General Clark's services because of his need for him in the North African theate:.,-:-.The C-in-C reports that General Marshall has sounded him {the Allied Commander) out concerning the possibility of moving General Clark back to Washington to head up the Army Ground Forces. General Eisenhower reports that he has asked that General Clark he kept in his overseas th eater. General Clark, who has been unhappy at the absence of any combat command during the past six months, asks that if racticable in the future he would like �to be consulted ,; \ about any requests for his services. The future conduct of the war, and in directly the Fifth Army' s status, is dependent on the outcome of the pending invasion of Sicily . Success probably will mean execution of the Sardinian invasion °b'J th Fifth Army., Failure might mean movement of the great bulk of troops in North Africa to the United Kingdom so preparations can go forward for a mighty cross-chann .el assault. The day that General Clark spent inspecting troops with the King of England was not featured by any conversat io nal highlight. The general found the King rather quiet. In his conversations, the King stressed the need for the closest pos sible friendship between the British and Americanso General Clark tells his Majesty that some British battle doctrines are being included, where practicable, in the training of American units. One of the King 1 s first questions of the general upon greeting him was: "Did you ever find your pants?" This, of course, alluded to the general ' s secret trj_p to Africa last October. During the trip in the morning, the King asked the we eating at?" His Majesty looked somewhat alarmed when that luncheon would be served in the open. Upon arrival spot, the King began to look anxiously around. 11Where, 11 at last, 11can I pump water?" Genera l Clark pointed to a King walked i nto it . general "what hotel are the general told him at the shady luncheon he asked General Clark screen ed l atrine and the The King was annoyed somewhat during the meal by fli es . General Clark had already taken cure of' this probubHi ty. He had a large negro stand be.hind the King swinging a tov,el. The mess kit episode has already been recorded. The King got a great deal of plea sure out of this G. I. gift . Another episode that the Pifth Army Commander reealled with a chuckle Wf¼S whem, while a picture was being ta ken after lunch, the King, the general ancii the inspection party lines up on a dirt road to be photogra hed . The General stood on the ltinc ' s left. The Kinrr, noting that the tall Americun general was standing on a hump while he, George VI, was sta..--iding in a · sliaht declevity. "VJould you trade places with l!le,11 asked his Majesty. 11You' re so tall that I 1d like to stand on the hump. You can take the rut •11The genet'a moved over on the King I s right. During the afternoon, the sun and heat became too mucit for the monarch and that instead of riding in an open command car that the rest of the tour be made from a closed sedan . he requested , One matter that is still causing s om concern is a move by AFHQto have the e BRIMSTONE planning sta~f moved to Algiers . General Clark opposes this since it would take his planning group 300 miles away from him. General Clark receives todD.y a request from General Curles, head of the V!ar Department I s Bure.au of Public Relations, a request that General Clark authorize use of his picturo in a War Bond advertisement that is to eppea.r in the Saturday Evening Post. The Fifth Army Commander cables back that he has no objection providing Genera, Marshall approves . General Clark spends the afternoon at Saidia with Col . Bruce, Major )fygaa.rd and Captain Hous& ~upon re t urning to 0ujda, he has Bruce and Nygaard at his villa for dinner. �OUJDA,JUNE19, 1943--The success of General Clark ' s two meetings with General Orgaz, High Commissioner of i panish Morocco, is demonstrated today as the Fifth Amy Co1::imander receives the following letter. Note particularly the next ·t;o last pa.ragrt1ph. My dear General: 11It would be inexcusable for me to delay fo1· one moment addressing this letter to you, which seeks to describe the profound impression I received on the occasion of my viait to the Headquarters of tho Fifth U.S. Army. 11I was impressed first of all by the grncious reception that I received from you; next, by the military program, in which to a review of troops perfect in presentation, uniformity and discipline, was added an exercise very difficult of performance, yet successfully executed with absolute precision, an evident proof of painstaking training, of thorough nnd far-sighted planning and of sure and magnificent w xecution. I congratulate you, General, on commandihg those troops, of which you muy and should be proud . 11Yet is is good to remember during these m onths, General, thos other moments which were honored by your visit at Tauima, when our reception was also like yours, kind, intimate and trustful. "Ana as you, Genere. .l, in your expressive and gracious letter of the 3rd of April referred to the belief that these kind and courteous communications signify a bond of culture bet11een Spaniards and Americans, I shall add for my part, that this purpose of tightening those bonds between countries that scarcely know each other prompted also the a.den, modest in regard to myself, but important as regards the purpose, of coming to Oujda to live among you for a few unforget,table hours . "In our intervi ~w I told you of the excellent impression that your troops and your staff made upon me. Today I reiterate it. 111.et us remember in the future, across the vieissitudes of life, this moment of cordial f'riendship, in which, distant from the storm, we shake hands wit h the comradeship of soldiers and of men who recognize both their o,m selves and the duties which their countries impoae upon them, and still find in their hearts the cordial foundation of a friendship. 11I beg you to convey to your Gem~rals, officers and troops the affectionate salute of the General and friend of yours, (s) Luis Orgaz. 11 11 ( Determined to make his army the best disciplined army possible and deter~ mined to prepare his troops for battle by having them rigidly disciplined, General Clark addresses the following letter today to Ma or General Dawley, VI Corps comj mander. Copies go to Generals Walker (J6th Di~rision), Harmon (First Armored Division) and Tobin (Anti-aircraft commander). "Dear General nawley: "During the past sever0:l months the subject of the development of a high degree of military discipline has repeatedly been stressed by the Commander-in-Chief and by me. Although some progress has been made in this respect, the results are still far from satisfactory. All commanders must, without delay, take further effective action to secure a mai~kedimprovement. "As I travel arou.."ld observing Fifth A rmy troops, I find that saluting, uniformity and smartness of dress, conduct of individuals, alertness, and personal tidiness are not up to the Fi:f'th Army standard, namely the highest standards that can be achieved by first -c lass American soldiers under vigorous leadership. Moreover, scarcely a day goes by that I do not receive at least one report of a clash between drunken ~~~~-~-Sl,f ->.:ilffl!.!:~~b, ;,,,~~"Al!J~..C-~ ,T I �l... meric an soldiers ( \ ., ~~-~~ ~ . and French or Arab civilians. "It is impossible for me to overemphasize the importqnce of thorough discipline which is demonstrated by instinctive and soldierly conduct. Proper military deportment is the evidence not only of the unit which has the discipline essential for successful combat, but it is also the indicati on of a team which has pride in itself and in its leaders, The organization that has this sort of discipline and team consciousness is the one that can advance that impossible last mile , or which can holdx its position for a while longer after the odds against it are irrestibile. "Several instances have been rpport ed where troops recently returned from action on the Tunisian front have given evidence of a state of discipline which is almost a disgrace. Such a condition is difficult for me to understand. Troops which have been in combat should have learned by experience that, in order to be successful on the field of battle, a unit must be thoroughly disciplined. Commanders must take special measures to impress upon such organizations the need for them to set a sterli ng example of how well--disciplined, battle-proven troops are expected to conduct themselves. "I am convinced that the chief reason for our failure to obtain a satisfactory standard of military discipline is found in the wea.lmess of our officer leadership. Thal!e is a reluctance on the party of many officers--especlally juni or officers-to corredt enlisted personnel who fail to render the prescribed military courtesies or who in other ways bring discredit upon the uniform. I know that is is embarrassing to make corrections on city streets. I realize it keenly, because I am forded to stop soldier~ almost every day for their failure to salute, or for their slovenly appearance. But it is only by energetically following up on the orders issued in this respect that we are going to secure the radical improvement which is so necessary. I desire that you take immediate steps to impress upon all officers of your commandthat one of the important obligations of their office is the correction of violations of military discipline wherever encountered. Many officers do not know how to correct a soldier properly; they should be in• ,structed. If they la ek the moral courage to meet this responsibility, they should cease to be officers, and I shall energetically support a:n::,recommendation b:r you to have such officers reduced in grade or removed fro m the rolls. n0ur standar of military conduct in the Fifth Army will be exactly what we make it. You and I will not be satisfied with anythihg short of perfection. I am confident that I shall be able to count on your complete cooperation in reaching this goal. 11 Sincer r,ly, (s) Mark W. Clark, Lie ute nant General, USA , 11 Commanding. General Clark moves with great speed today to ~ctify a condition whereb,J paratroops at the RepleBement Training Center receive pay. Some of the men have not, because of transfers and movement, received any pg.yin some months. The General has Lt . Col. Billingslea of the paratroopers in and within half an hour the Finance Department has begun to draw up vouchers. Another special caller is Colonel Mickalwaite, Fifth Army Judge Advocate General. He brings in several general courts ma.rtllal cases for the general to act upon. The Fifth Army Commanderspends his entire day in the office. return to his villa for dinner until after 6 PM. * He does not �as OUJDA-SAIDIAJUNE20, 1943-- The most important matters that come bdBore , the Fifth Army Commandertoday are summedup in a letter which he writes General Eisenhower. Once a.gain, General Clark is fighting an old fight--his conviction that invasion training should be handled by the army, not the navy. Parts of the letter follow: Dear Ike : 11 Some of my planning people have just returned from a two--day visit to your headquarters, where they accumulated information which will be valuable to us in our planning effort. In a conversation which Colonel Brann had with General Wolfe, the latter indicated that there was on foot a move to have the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center taken over by the Navy. Such a move may not be imminent, and I may be unduly alarmed , but because I feel so keenly on this subject, I am taking the liberty of expressing my brief views to you. ttAs you kno,v, I have always felt since United Kingdom days, that the training of the troops i n these invasion operations should be a military matter. I have always felt and adhered to the principle that the Navy is responsible for the training of their boat crews, both in handling the craft and in navigation . But after all, the real test of the operation comes after the troops have landed on the beach, from the shore line to their first objective, and that is where the Army comes in. If the Navy does take over the Invasion Training Center, I run sure they will probably have to take over all the Army personnel now on duty there in order to do the job . 11 There is no use going into a long argument as to the advantages and disadvantages of this question, but no one can deny that the Fifth Arny Invasion Training Cente r has performed its task in a satisfactory man.~er. I selfishly have hoped that when my opportunity for an operation comes involving the invasion of a hostile shore, that I would have available to me this in~sion training center to train my task forces as I see fit, and in preparation of their particular jobs . So, I will consider it entirely inppportune at the present moment of planning to make any change. Our relations with the Navy have been grand. The thing is working as you have seen for yourself, and I hope that if such a change is seriously considered that I may have the opportunity for further discussion with you •• •" 11 ( ti General Clark also writes a letter to General Eisenhower and enclosing a copy of the letter from Orgaz. "Attached hereto," writes General Clnrk, "is a copy of a letter I have just received from General Orgaz. I know you will be interested in seeing it. It is rather significant of his changing attitude, about which I haire already spoken to you. I am preparj_ng some data with regard to th e Spanish situation and will send it to you. I think we ar0 missing a bet if we do not explore the possibilities of making them our real friends, but the data must be prepared very carefully, in order that we do not over-state our case. 11 1 The A~ Conunander s morning at the office includes a long conference with General Gt1ienther and Colonel Brann concerning the possibility t~t the BRIMSTONE planning force will be moved t o Algiers . It is going to be opposed vigorously. General Clark has requested that AFHQsend a. liaison group to Oujda to work with ti1e planners here. Word is expected from AF soon., 1. secret war room, EQ lo cat ed in a asement nnd well guarded, has been set up at Headquarters. Detialed maps of Sardinia are being posted and all information put on them concerning the disposition of Italian troops. The planning staff is working night and day to perfect the invasion plans. '· �With his desk cleared of paper wo:i:·k and with all scheduled conferences out of the way, General Clark leaves headquarters at 3 PM by Piper Cub for Siadia. General Gruenther is alreudy at the Recreation Center and General Clark j oins him. fter spending an afternoon on the beach, General Clark returns at 6:45 to Oujda. He has a number of off icers a.t his villa for e. buffet supper which tho officers arrange themselves since the general has given his orderlies the afternoon off . * ➔ * OUJDA, JUNE 21., 19L~J--The BRH!STOIE planning foi·ce is ·to remain at Fifth Army Headquarters! let ter from Ma or General Smith, Chief of Staff of AFlf~, j arrives this morni rig and it is agreed that the plannj _ staff will remain here. ng A small liaison group will be se 11,~ rom Fifth Army to ~.FHQso the closest possible contact can be kept with the ~-c'~i nander-inBChief and with air officials who will have to integrate the a.ir aide of the operation. General Clurk has a long conf r~rence this morni --ig with General Gruenther and Colonel Brann concerning the entire planni::ig setup. Another development of the day is that a request is made for th ;g loan of General 0 1 Daniel so he can assist · · u11.-,, ... . in actual landing operations of the .tl!liilllillilllliil•liili General Clark gives his okay for his amphibious expert to take part in the operation. ,n°2· · · The Fifth Aney-Commander s day is filled with paper work and conferences. ' He does no·t leave headquarters during the day o One of his coni'erences is with Colonel Solberg, a member of the military attache ' s staff at the U.S. Embassy in Madrid. Solberg reports on conditions in Spain and Portugal . Spa.in is determined to maintain neutrality . General Gruenther and Colonel :aoward, the G-2, s it in on the conference . Plans a.re shaping up well for the coming visit of the Sultan of Moroc<!o. , The Sultan will be entertained at Fifth Army hea dquarters with a tea 011 June 24. The following afternoon, General Clark is staging a military demonstration for the Moslem leader . In the la.t,e afternoon, General Clark goes on a trip through the Oujda Medina with General Gruenther and Major Porter. During the tour of the narrow, winding, dusty and smelly streets of the native quarter , General Clo.rk runs into Si Mohamed Zernama, a loc al Arab leader who the General has befriended. The Arab invit4s the party to his home. It is one of the most beautiful the Geneaal has ever seen. The usUlll Arab ritual of mint tea (always three glasses, no more, no less) and pastries is followed. General Clark then returns to his headquarters and works on papers until 6 o'clock when he goes to bis villa and plays ping pong with one of his aides., Captain Houston. General Clark has dinner alone and then goes for a drive in the evening with Lt . Col. Bruce. * * * .' OUJDA,JUNE 22, 1943--After two long conferences with Genera+ Gruenther and Colonel Brann, General Clark decides t oday to send a ~:1,. -officr.>r BltIMSTONE staff' to Algiers to work with naval and air authorities concerning th~ operation and to act as a gearing group between th~ Fifth Army end Allied Force headquarters. ~T �~df~~~~~T Thi s is t he directiv~ to General Clo.rk concerning BRIM STONE and liaison work with AFHQ. "Reference the directive f orwarded to you on 10 June 1943, instructing you to prepare plans for Operation BRIM N the Comnander-in-Chief has decided STO E, that you will be resp onsibl e for makine contact with the Staffs of Cornmander-inChief Mediterrane an and Air Col"lr nander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. These staffs will be located at Algiers, where limited accommodati~ wil l be alloted to your lleadm quarters for liai son purp oses . As you are to retain your present responsibilit:l.es i n Northwest •J,.frica , and as it is conside r ed that much of yotJr detailed planning can be carried out i n your own area, it is anticipated that only a planning staff will have to moye to t~lgiers • . •" General Clark decides to send the following officers: Colonel Kammerer, of G-3; Major I!i"berhard, G-4; Major I~arl., Signal Corps; Major Finb<?rg, Engineers, and Captain Merk, G-2 , They will comprise the liaison sect i on for the planni ng eroup. Colonel Brann will have charge of planni ng at this e:qd. In requestltrlg AFHQto set a.sido office space, a Firt h Army mernor ndum n asks that four offices oo set aside, uone of t hflse offic e s to be the Army Corunnda er1s office . " During the mornigg, General Clark agrees to go to Rabat tomorrow to meet M. Pu.aux, the new Governor General of French Mon,cco and General Nogues• successor. Puaux is having his first formal luncheon since assuming office and he is most desirous that the Fifth Army Commander attend. Despite preparation that are being made for the Sultan's visit, General Clark accepts the invitation. Throughout the day, General Clark works inhis office. The prime task is getthe BRIMSTO planning setup straightened NE out. Already the two special offices set up tor the staff are humming with activity. Armed guards stand outside of both of them and no one can enter without a special :i;:ass that has been issued only to those on the "Alpha" list. During the afternoon, General Clark has another conference with Colonel Mickelwaite, his J.A. Court Martial cases are running heavy and there a.re macy decisions for the Array Commanderto review. Later, Colonel Sullivan brings in Captain Gallagher, cor: ander of Company H or the 22nd Quarterm: master Regiment (colored). The previous company in Oujda has been returned to Casablanca. Discipline matters arc still bothering the general. Today promotions come in for signature on several officers in two Tank Destroyer Battalions in the Tlemcen area. General Clark refuses to sign them until the discipline of troops · in the battalions improves. An officers ability to . maintain discipline has to be certified to when a promotion is made and the general has decided to use this paragraph to further tighten up discipline among units under his control. ting ( Going to his villa at 5:45 PM, General Clark has an early dinner with Colonels Brann and Saltzmap. The three officers then drive up to Saidia, have a swim and return to Oujda a{ter dark. Three plane crashes occur in the Oujda region today. C-47s, identical t o the General 1 e. personal plane, crash at Oujda airport and near Marnia. The later plane is towing a gli der. The third plane crashes at 'l'urenne. The type is as yet unlmwn . • Only immediate possib l e cause for the crashes is ground fog this morning. Gener al Clark is gre atly disturbed by the crashes which take 15 or 16 lives. * * * �I OUJDA-RA.BAT-OUJDA, 2.3, 1943-...A quick trip to Rabat to meet the new ·Jill&: Resident General ot French M orocco--M. Puaux--and a hurried flight home to clean up urgent matters and them witness tho arrival in Oujda of His Majesty, the Sul tan of Morocco, makes this a jammed day for the Fifth Array Commander. After working on papers and conferring with General Gruenther from 8 AMto 9:.30, Genera;t Clark, accompanied only by Captain Byles, drives out to Oujda air• port and takes off at 10:15 for Rabat. Arriving at the airfield there at 12:15, the Fifth Army Commanderia met by Generals Dawley, Lascroux and Lahoule; Col. Duval, chief of M. Puaux military cab i net, and Major Knight. The general reviews an honor guard composed of one American Infantry company, one French compan;y, and one American Reconnaissance company• After the general has inspected the troops, the rec onnaissance company leads General Clark's convoy to the residency where M. Puaux: is waiting to receive the American commander. Pu.aux is a slight'.cy' built man with a slight limp. !Je is friendly and quick moving. He speaks English quite well and he tells Gener al Clark that he has a cousin who is a citizen of " the United States. Befor e entering the Residency, General Clark inspects an honor guard composed of Moroccan troops. Aperitifs are servad in the Residency garden and General Clark meets M. Meyrier, M. Puaux second-in-command. The American party has no,1 been swollen by the addition of General Walker, commanding general of the J6th Division; Brig. General Allen of the 1st Armored Division; Colonels Gibson and Galloway of the VI Corps; Lieut. Col. Swett of Fifth Army G-2, and M ajor Gardner, of the Fifth Army liaison of fice. Peior to lunch, GeneI'l\l Clark and Puaux stroll in 'the garden discussing matters of mutual interest. The Fifth Army Commanderspends several minutes alone with the new Resident Gene~l. At 1 PJda delicious lunch is served. At 2:05 PM, after bidding PuatL"'C goodbye and telling him how anxious he is to have the Resident Ge~eral visit him at Oujda tomorrow, General Clark drives to the airport with the reconnai ssance company leading the way. At the airfield, General Clark confers aione with General Dawley for ten minutes before boarding his plane and taking off for Oujda at 2:.30 PM. He is accompanied on the trip back by Major Knight and Captain Byles and two French officers, Major Aubrey and Lieut. Souchon, military aide and interpret er, respectively, to M. Pua:ux. The general's C-47 lands at Oujda at 4:35 PM. General Clark's reaction to Noguee' succ4ssor as Resident General ia satisfactory. Puaux:. The new official, G~neral Clark says, "seems strong for the Americans and he has promised to play ball 100 percent. He has quite a job to ,impress himself upon the natives since the natives were quite strong for Nogues. Puaux is not well known and a tough job lies ahead of him. He knows Beucler (the French general commanding the Oujda subdivision) and likes him. Says he is a fine soldier. This is the first pr44se I have heard of Beucler from aey high-ranking Frenchmen. Puau x was with him in Syria. 11 Incidentally, Ylord is received today that Nogues is living near Lisbon. He has gone to a neutral country so he won't Hembarrass his successor. 11 Upon his return to headquarters, General Clark immediately goes into confere:gce concerning the status of plans ·for the Sultan's arrival and two-day stay in Oujda. All is buttoned up. General Clark has an extremely busy schedule for the coming two days. He also has a conference with General Ridgrdy who is pulling out of Oujda tomorrow for Tunis where he will assembled his 82nd Airborne Division for their part in the very nt HU operation. General Clark bids SKY ~i,' ·~~~~~~~.li'.,;, ~~~:t~~~'t-t , J"'~,l'i.Uii ,\Jt,.,, �his old-friend and classmate goodbye then, late following personal letter to General Ridgway: in the evening, dictates the Dear Matt: "I did n~t have the opportunity this afternoon when you were here to tell you how deeply interested I am in your forthcoming assignment. You must know, after all these years, how I feel tov,ards you. Ther e is no one in our Army for whom I have more respect and admiration. My short contact with your Division has proven to _me thH leadership qualities which I have known for many years that you possess. "The night before last, when I found it difficult to compose myself alone here at my house, I took my car and drove alone towards your division area. I was hailed by four of your men, and I picked them up and gave them a lift to your camp area. They were full of enthusiasm for you and told me how you, after ten minutes instruction at Fort Benning, had jumped from an airplane, indicating to them that you would do anything which they were called upon to do. They have a great admiration for you, and I am sure will go to great lengths to do whatever you direct. "I have not been at liberty to fully tell you of the difficulties which have confronted me in my present assignment, but now that I do have a mission, I am delighted to know that there is the probability that you and your comnand will be associated with me. Nothing will give me greater pleasure. "I wish you and your commandthe best of luck and may God Bless You in your new adventure, · "As Ever (s) Vlayne 11 . General Ridgway is accompanied to General Clark's office by Major General Swing, an airborne division commander here from· the United States to observe the coming operation. Several F'ifth Army officers are also going along on the invasion as observers. General Clark receives late today a letter from General Giraud in answer • to the Fifth Army Commander's letter of earlier this month. Writes General Giraud, in part : " ••• You asked me that French troops stationed west of Oraeansville be placed completej:y' under your commandon "D" day, in case of aggressi on a~!nst French Morocco or the Department of Oran. "It is not possible to grant you my accord, insofar as the 2nd Mooccan r Infantry Division, the 4th Mountain Division, and the lat Armored Division are concerned. "These great organizations, whose establishment upon a complete military tooting is being rapidly pursued, and whose stationing is going to be changed very soon, must be considered, from now on, as general reserves at the disposition of the High Cor.unand.One is unable to foresee the theater of operations in which these organizations will be called upon to serve and which will be determined by agreement between the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces and the French Commander-in-Chief. "For the eventual defense of Morocco and of the Department of Oran, it is only necessary to mention territorial troops and until further notice those organization8 which, although being a pa~t of the French Expeditionary Corps, are experiencing delays in their organization such that their use in other the@:ters can not be contemplated tor the time being. This is the case, for example, of the 2nd Armored Dlfrvision and of the elements of the 1st Mo roccoa Infantry Division and the 2nd Algerian IDnfantry Division.-·«,:'-,,;'·",'.•,.)- . have just come l::ack from Tunis. which - �itm , dls'i. ·• r.~Jr.'.:~ -,.4. • "\• , ~Jfr:.1::J ~~~~ i~\i' ~ ~-Ai:~l!r~~rs£ T ,'1d.tt ,~~ ~ {~,. ~~~ "I shall arrange to have sent to you, should it be necess ary, a copy of the orderswhich should be issued to the CommandingGenenal, Moroccan troops. (s) H. Giraud." Rather that se e the Sultan's arrival from the ground, General Clark climbs into his Piper Cub and witnesses the Sultan's arrival at the Oujda railroad stat ,ion and his drive to the Pasha's palace from the air. The streets are cramm ed with Arabs, French and American soldiers. The Sultan rides in a white phaeton automobile with the top dO\m. After seeing the arrival from the air, Genera 1 Clark lands at the small airport near the headquarters camp ground. A softball game is in progress and after watching it a few moments, he joins the game, playing first gase much to the amazement of the troops. Returning to his villa after playing an inning, the general has supper with Captain J.E.P. Hutton of the Royal Navy, who has been at headquarters today in connection with BRIMSTONE planning, and Col. Brann. General Gruenthe_ joins the r group for coffee on the porch of the General's villa. * * * OUJDA,JUNE 24, 1943.:-His Majesty the Sultan of Morocco visits Fif'th Army Headquarters and is the guest of General Clark today to climax a day filled with activity. Today also mark:s the first anniversary of General Clark• s arriwl in the United Kingdom on oyerseas duty. ( The Fifth Army Commanderis in his office before 8 AM. His first caller is Colonel Ho henthal, U.S. military at tache in Si:e,in who is on his way back to the United States to r eport to the War Department . Hohenthal report s on the Spanish military situation; says that the country wants only to remain neutral although the people are more and more convinced of the Allies eventual triumph. As for the Spanish army, it is woefully weak on modern anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons and it is counting on this equipment from the United States should the country be invaded by the Axis. General Clark then explains to Hohentbal his ideas concerning talks with Spa.in on a military plane . He cites his letter from Orgaz as a fi.mcrum for this topic. Hohenthal thinks that Spanish officials "would go so far as to talk with us." General Clark declares "we should build up steps to ease our way in with these people." The Fifth Army Commanderis having a hard time selling his idea of greater cooperation with the Spanish but he says that General Eisenhower has now said ''when the t~ is right we can approach Spa.in." Hohentha.l says he is sure Ambassador Hays, the U.S. Ambassador to Spain, would approve such a move and give it all his be.eking. Regarding any move now to court Spa.in, General Clark declares: "It would be bad if we supplied them at present with any of the equipment they need. It is always possible that we can get a bloody nose somewhere and the temperature of the Spanish toward us would cool." General Clark waats to approach Spa.in in a ;ipltdatic-military way. Hohenthal says he agrees with the "whole idean and that he will approach the matter when he confers with government officials in Washington. "If we have done any good sitting here, i.f o~ grooming of General Orgaz has done any good, if we have impressed anyone in any way, we want to cash in on itl" Gene~l Clark says he is going to write General Eisenhower and make a detailed requested that the approach to Spa.in ideas 11 be sent back to the War Department. "Spa.i.>t, says the Fifth A:rnry Commander, "has been moving in our direction for months. We might be able to do something.n Say:s �31 Hohenthal: " ''You can count o1t Ambassador Hays. He has got some ideas and he will do everything possible to promote this thing . " At 9:15, Resident G-enera.1Puaux of French Morocco arrives and General Clark joins him in inspecting an honor guard. Puau.::carrived here last night so he could be prpsent for the Sultanic ceremonies . Following review of the honor guard, Pua.we a.nd his rstaff go into General Clark's office for a brief courtesy call on the Fifth Army Commander There isix no discussion of purely military matters. Pu.aux . is merely repaying the call that General Clark made on him yesterday in Rabat. After sandwiching a little work in on cables and reports, General Clark goes to the Palace of the Pasha for an audience vlith the Sultan . Driving into the Medina between rows of native troops that form an honor guard, the General is finally ushered int? the Sultan's presence. "I am pleased," the Fifth Anny Commandertells the Sultan, "that the Fifth Army can join in the celfbration of your visit here . We are glad that the Sultan ca.meto Ou.jda while the ifth Army was here so we could participate in a small way in your visit . " Speaking through lis interpreter, the Sultan replies that this time General Clark is the one to receive me as his guest . He and his splendid Army have been here in Oujda a long time and it is fitting The general then says that yesterday ( that the general should be my host . 11 he had the privilege of going to Rabat and meeting the new French Resident General . He adds that M. Puaux repaid that call this morning . Hoping to aid Puaux heavy task of getting the faith of the native a, Gener al Clark says: 11! am looking fowward to collaborating with 14. Puawc who has showed to .me his intent •h as that of you and me. n desire for an Allied victory--an intent as strong "Franco-American friendship," replies the Sultan very diplomatically, "did not grow up today or yesterday. It is a thing of long-standing . Combined FrancoAmerican-Moroccan friendship will form an irrestible force . " The Fifth ArmyCommanderthen turns to the question of re-armament or troops in North Africa . "His Majesty knows," the general says, "that the Fifth Army is rearming good French units, many of which include Moroccans with combat experience • Our interest in rearming these troops is largely selfish because are loold.ng forward to them aidi11g in the def~t of the Axis . We hope to marckhside by side with the rearmed Moroccan troops. 11 · we "We are looking forward just as impatiently as you are, 11 replies the 'Sultan . We saw what our poorl y armed troops could do when they fought in the victorious battle of Tunisia. They had inadequate equipment . They will perform even more worthily with the equipment you are supplying . They have a glorious fighting past and they know they ar e now fighting for their country . " 11 ( Thinking of the Sultan's pending visit to Fifth Army headquarters this afternoon, the Fifth Army Commandersays: " 11We are looking extremely forward to your visit to my headquarters when you can meet my etaff . 11 The Sultan replies that he is eager to see the headquarters . He thanks General Clark for giving him an opportunity to visit his headquarters 11 where you are preparing for the work you are going to do . n �( ( The Sultan interview at an end, General Clark goes with Col. Brann on a demonstrati on the Fifth Anny will stage to m orrow in honor of the Sultan. General Clark seexthe planned Jlli.litary show from start to finish . Because of the pending operation, it is impossible to have a parachute jump but General Clark has had his G- 3 secti on arr ange a show involvin g a lot of assault work and tiring. llclry runn or the military After another brief, session ot work in his office, General Clark goes to a diffa at the Pasha of otijda 1s home. The general declares it is "a diffa to end all diffas l '' A heavy and length;r meal is served with course after course. The general does not get back to his office until 3 PM Working zwciily for an hour . on urgent matters that are pililig up, General Clark then goes down and inspects preparations for the huge tea party that is going to be given in the Sultan's honor in the Headquarters Officers' Mess. After looking this over and satisfying himself that all will be in readiness, he returns to his office to confer with Robert Murphy, the American minister to North Africa. Murphy has come do\m to take part in the reception for the Sultan. He discusses vari ous political matters with General Clark . Biggest news is that a few days ago DeGaulle, disgruntled at the way the Frenc h Committee of National Liberation is operatil1g, threatened to turn in his suit. He was dissuaded but the Giraud-DeGadle "marriag e" hasn't resulted in any honeymoon. Before the arrival af the Sultan at headquarters, General Clark goes to his quarters and freshens up . Back in the headquarters quadrangle, the Fifth Arrrry staff has lined up informally to witness the arrival of the Sultan. With flags fluttering and white helmets shining in the hot sun, the honor guard is drawn up . Upon the arrival of tm Sultan, G ener al Clark joins him and together they go out in front of the honor guard . Four ruffles and flourishes are played and then the band plays the national anthems of Morocco, France and the United States . The courtyard is full of the Sultan ' s closest followers . All are dressed in flowing robes . It is a colorful sight . Mingled amoug them ar e high ranking American officers. From reviowing the honor guard, the Sultan and the General cross the court yard to a blue Packard sedan . The general presents it to the Sultan. He then presents t he Sultan's oldest son with a Leica camera. The Sultan is profuse in his thanks . Officers lfhO are attending the tea have lined up near the mess hall and , afier walldng through an almost solid cordon of Jlli.litary policemen who are at present arms, General Clark and the Sultan get to the head qf the queue or officers. Colonel Saltzman introduces each one to His Majesty . Entering the decorated mess hall , all the gowned AralJs who a.re to make mint tea shout as the Sultan comes through the door. The other Arabs -- Pashas, Caids, Sheriffs and other of f icials -crowd in behi nd . Although aides make a valiant attempt to divert part of the Arab officials into an over - flow room. But the Arabs won't b, budged . They just want to stand and look at their leader who is seated at the other end or the room behind a table with General Clark and other French, American and Arab leaders . They will not approach within 20 feet of the Sultan, hence a huge , shoving mass crowds the back of the room. The Arab tea makers go to work and soon the room is filled with the smell of mint. Beautiful. urns are lined up along the wall . High- caste Arabs begin serving the tea and cookies . Then comes ice cream and cake. The ice cream is indeed a treat and s omethi ng new to the Arabs and some of them eat it so fa & that the cold t hurts their mouths . The Sultan is enjoying himself tremendously . He drinks the customary three glasses or mint tea , has two dishes of ice cream and seems not the least bit eager to leave . He sits and cha.ts with General Clark and Mr. Murph;r �33 , ,'·,• i~~lM, ii ~ l~•~i;i f '" t~~ . e ,,)~ './ , ~~~ while the crowd mills around the room. Most of the Arabs seem content just to sit and look at their Sultan. Finally, after an hour and ten minutes at the tea, the Sultan rises, the crowd in the room furls back like it was being plowed and the General and the Sultan leave the room. Most of the Arabs trail along. General Clark takes the Sul tan out through the yard of t he CommandingGeneral I s villa to his waiting car. The general bids the Mo slem leader goodbye until tomorrow and then goes into his villa. He has Mr. Murphy and Major General)( Dawley, who has flown to Oujda from Rabat for the Sultan's visit, as his guests. Murphy, who has heard legends of Saidia, remarks to the general that he would like to see it. So, General Clark orders that food be packed. General Dawley will have dinner with General Gruenther. At 7:30 m, General Clark, Mr. Murphy and Lieut. Beardwood leave for Saidia. They arrive just before ~rk and take a swim just as the sun sets. They then have a cold dinner in the General's Saidia villa and return to Oujda, arriving at ll:45 PM. * * * OUJDA,JUNE 25, 194.3--The Sultan of Morocco is woven inextricably into the Fifth Army Commander's day today as he stages an impressive military demonstration for His Majesty and as he becomes apprehensive least the .friendship of the Americans and Arabs become too strong and cause difficulties for the French colonial government. ( The latter is a serious problem and it is a situation that must be circUlll• vented at all costs. The general, ever since the Sultan's arrival, has been somewhat appre hensive about the obrlous preference of the Arabs for the Americans and of the uneasy and partly jealous feeling of the French, particularly French civil officials. This morning, Goneral Clark has two rather powerful Arab leaders visit him--the Caid of Rehamna, whomthe Genera1 and his staff visited near Marrakech last March, and the Pacha of Oujda., the local leader. They request an interview and come to the general's office in their flowing robes. The general is on guard, wondering what prompt5 the visit. The Pacha says that the Caid merely wants to pay his respects to the Fifth Array Commanderand renew the acquaintance that was started when the Caid was host to General at his tribal "diffa. 11 After ten minutes of polite complirnents to each other, the Caid tells of the Arabs high regards for the Americans. This gives General Clark an opportunity to press home the idea that "we are only sojourners here; we will be passing to other areas to fight the war, then we will be going home but perhaps some of us will return here as tourists.'' The Caid looks frankly at the General and says: "We would like to have you stay. 11 It looks as though there will have to be a retrenchment of policy and less wooing of the Arabs. The general has a busy morning with several other conferences of a staff nature and then a farewell conference with the three remaining mem mrs of the Mexican mission. The Mexicans are to return soon to the United State3. Three of them remained behind following the return of General Alamillo to Vlashington. They thank General Clark for the many courtesies extended to them by the Fifth Army. He presents them with a carbine that they are to take to General Alamillo. At noon, General Clark goes to the edge of the Medina to wat di the Sultan ,, parade by on his way to the Grand Mosque to pray. The General, accompanied by General Gruenther, eol. Saltzman and his three aides, goes to the Rex Theater and stands on a balcony overlooking the street. Preceded by a native band, them the various Pachas and &lids, the Sultan . comes by riding a beautiful sorrel ~. ~. ' ,• •, ·. ' . �Equals Briti sh MOST SECRET hor se . Beside him trots a follower with a long - poled umbrella . It is held so the Sultan is protected from the sun. Behind him come his son, mounted on a. chestnut a mare . Native troops stand alongside the curbs at present arms . As the Sultan passes, the Arab people shout enthusiastically . Amongthe officials riding in the Sultan's entourage is the Pa.cha. of Oujda. While all the other Arab officials have the long barreled anci ent weapons, the Pacha of Oujda carries the short, neat American car bine that General Clark presented to him! One of the most colorful characters of the entourage is the dark - skiined gent who trots just ahead of the Sultan swinging a long white towel to shoo the flies away from his Majesty . Following a late luncheon , General ~lark returns to his office, makes certain that all is in readiness for the military demonstration in the Sultan's honor and then he goes to the Fifth Army War room. There , Colonel Brann , the new G- 3, makes a one hour review to Generals Clark and Gruenther of what is being done on BRIM stone planning. He reviews defenses of the BRI 'STONE N area and gives the Fifth Arnzy- ommandera concentrated view of what his force is likely to face . C At 5 PM, General Clark drives to the Pacha's headquarters to pick up the Sultan, his son, and Si Ma;i r meri, the Sultan's official interpreter and minister of foreign affairs. From the front of the general's Packard fly the flags of the United States and Morocco. Accompanied by seven motorc~cles, the General drives to the review field, about seven miles south of town. The road is five inches deep in powdered dust . A wind is blowing and the dust is disagreeable . Arriving at the area where the demonstration is to take place, General Clark and the Sultan get out of their sedan while Arabs , French and Americans , clustered beside the review stand, applaud. Vlalking over rugs laid in the dust, General Clark and his guest go to the bunting be-decked review stand from the top of which the Moroccan, French and American flags stand almost straight ou·t, flapping in a strong wind. The three national anthems are played and the demonstration starts . Lying to the east of the reviewing stand is a large natural bowl. Cement blocka t o represent emplacements have been set up. The Sultan has no more than seated himself when P- 38 and P- 39 fighter planes come zooming over the stand at a low altitude to strafe the area with trace r ammunition . One of the pilots makes a direct hit on one of the cement emplacements with a cannon shell and disinteg rates it . The Arabs chattered loudly and gutturally among themselves . As soon as the planes have completed their mission, two planes come across and lay a smokescreen . Then, machine guns, rifles and anti - tank guns open up from the hills behind and at the sides of the reviewing stand . The air is filled with tracers and the hills almost rock with sound . The demonstration involves an infantry bat talion in attack . Flame throwers are used on dummypillboxes that comprise the "enemy's " first line of defense . Infantrymen advance with machine gun and anti tank fire going over their heads . Then come the tanks -- a battalion of them in attack . They swirl up almost hidden in the dust . They go onto the firing line and beginx pumping 75 mmshells into the emplacementsl There is a .small cement building in the area and the guns reduce it to rubble . After firing several rounds, the tanks move fon,ard and shell the area while mortar shells fall . The ta.nk8 circle around the objective and get behind hills and then the infantry moves in with bayonets for the cleanup . The assault demonstration lasts an hour and it is extremely impressive . The general ' s car is driven up and the Sultan and the general drive away toward town where the general takes the Sultan to the Pacha.' s palace . The rest of the party gropes home through clouds of grey dust . �( After having dinner & at his villa, General Clark goes to a housewarming for a new Red Cross service club that has been established in the Ouji a railroad yards. It will serve troops passing through by train . About 20 people attend the housewarming. At 10:15, the General returns to his villa . * * * OUJDA-S AIDIA- OUJDA,JUNE26, 1943-•Working to allay any fears the French might have concerning relationships with the Arabs, General Clark calls in M. Husson today for a frank talk . Husson is the civil controller and second - in commandin the Oujda region . This is the highlight conference of the day . The General leaves headquarters at 8:20 this morning to take the Sultan and his party to Oujda airport . The Sultan luLs requested transportation by plane to Fez and the General has set up a Flying Fortress and two transports to move the Arab party . The Sultan has ne-v:er ridden in a plane be.fore and although he tries to maintain royal dignity, it is obvious that he is thrilled . A huge delegation of Americans and Frenchmen are at the airport to bid the Sultan goodbye. General Clark.adroitly moves the Arab and French leaders together as much as possible . The Sultan is to ride in the Flying Fortress and he takes the bombadier 1 s eeat , in the paastic glass nose of the plane . The other Arabs tumble noisily into the general ' s two C- 47s . The Sultan and his party, most o:f whomhave never been in an airplane , take off for Fez and the General receives word an hour and a half later that they have landed safely . The visit of the Sultan is at an and . Returning to his of f ice , General Clark invites M. Husson to a conference . The young Frenchmen goes into meeting alone with the general. The Fifth Army Commander impresses upon Husson that the Americans have no designs, that they are merely here in a transient capacity and that they will be moving on. In no way, do they want to impede or interfere with the French relationships with the Arabs . The gener al wants to make sure that there is no misunderstanding of this . The Amer icans, he says, are merely being friendly in their American way to both the French and the Arabs . The French must understand this and not look for any ulterior motive . There is, the general assures the French official, no ulterior motive, no desire to wean the Arabs away. Husson aays he understands and that he is pleased that the general has been so frank and honest about the 8 itua.tion. Following a late lunch, the General flies to Said:i.a in his Piper Cub. While there, he has his aide, ID aptain Byles, over to the villa of General Beucler to have him explain that he has spoken to Husson regarding the problem uppermost in his mind and that there is no need for the Oujda district military commander to bring the matter up with Husson. General Clark had discu~sed with General Beucler eailier his apprehensions concerning the Arab-American -French r elati onship and Bea cler said he would discuss the matter with Husson. It is no longer necessary. Says Beucler to Byles: 11Generf!l Clark is a military man, not a politician . These politicians are always looking for a political motive in everything. I have the same trouble." Gener al Clark remains at Saidia for supper . He has Col. K~eley, Captains Byles and Gillespie as his guests. After dark, he returns to Oujda by automobile . * * * ····.• · :' ~ �( OUJDIL-SAIDIA-OUJDA, 27, 1943--General Clark re-concentrates JUNE his attentions today on planning for operation BRI STO M NE. Because of the heavy influx of important visitors during the past two weeks, the General has had to devote most of his time to preparations demonstrations and receptions for the King o:f England, General Eisenhower and the Sultan of M orocco. He can return now to a more normal existence. Ona of his conf'erences of a busy morning is with Colonel Bra.mi. Planning of BRilVJST is going satisfactorily. ON E Of particular interest today is General Clark's rejection of a plan whereby the planning staff would have communicated directly with all units on the Fifth Army troop list concerning the operation. These units included outfits that will be participating in operation HUSKY General Clark and vetoes the plan because it is so obvious that these particular units will be too engaged in current problems to worry about ' the next operations and communications will be difficult during the early stages of HUSKY A request is also made for five . British officers of the V Corps to work as a liaison group with the Fifth Army planning staff so that supply problems can be coordinated. A planning time table is also laid out today. It calls for the divisions to start their detailed planning of their objectives on D minus 62. The time table then runs through the various periods to eta.rt loading craft, etc. The BRIJ\!iSTOUE force would sail four days prior to D dey. It calls for a final rehearsal of landing operations to start on D minus 16• . During the manning, the General clears up most of his pa.per work. By 2 PM on this hot Sunday he has his desk cleared up sp Re takes off for Saidia in his Piper . Cub. Colonel Saltzman, Lt. Col. Bruce and Lieut. Beardwood have 1µTeady gone up to the General's villa. He joins them on the beach. Later, the party is augmented by Major Porter and Captain Houston. Following a cold lruffet supper, the group sits around on the porch singing old songs, including many of the GeneraPs West Point faTOrites. After it has cooled off, the general and his party drive back to Oujda. * * * OUJD, JUNE 28 , 1943--The cha.in of commandfor Operation BRU A !iSTONE outis lined today in a secret communication from Allied Force Headquarters. Heading the hierarchy is the Combined Chiefs of Staff who work through the United States War Department and the British War Office. Next comes Allied Force Headquarters. Directly responsible to AF'H which is in turn responsible to the Combined Chiefs Q of Staff is the Fifth American Al!lllYcommandedby General Cla~k. Under the Fifth Army will be the VI Corps (American) and the V Corps (British). The VI Corps will be composed of the 45th Division, following its use in HUSKY, and the 34th and 36th Divisions, currently training under the Firth Anny. The 34th has had extensive battle experience in Tunisia. The 36th, a Texas National Guard division, is relatively fresh over from the United States. The V British Corps will be made up of the 1st and 4th divisions and one other British division, as yet unnamed but which is part of the HUSKY force. In addition to the two corps, General Clark has two other divisions that will be directly under Fifth Anny Commandfor operation BIUMSTONE--the 82nd Airborne Division, which is participating in HUSKY, and the 1st Armored Division which fought so v1ell on the Tunisian front. This is the commandsetup and it makes General Clark the battlefront commander with eight di vision ma.king up his Army. �~~.~~~t~~~- ( Colonel C.havillon, 'successor to Colonel Poydenot as head of the French mission to the Fifth Army, reports in today and General Clark has a short conference with him. The Fifth ArmyCommanderwelcomes the French officer and explains to him the mechanisms whereby French units are being equipped and trained for combat duty with American weapons. Another call of this busy day is Lt . Col. Eastman , commander of a Tank Destroyer outfj_t that has been having disciplinary troubles . General Clark explains the discipline aims of the Fifth 11:rmy . The Fifth Army Commanderalso spends a good part of the day working on problems involving BRIM STONE He confers with Colonel Brann in the War Room, then . returns to his office and pores over maps of the BH.II l"f .STONE area for more than an hour . The BRH!STO planning group is expanding and working far into each night . N E to make preparations for the operation . The general also spends a good part of the day taking care of correspondence that has built up during the recent 11show11 period . General Harmon, commanding gener al of the 1st 11:rmored Division, has written a three - page letter outlining the difficulties in imposing strict discipline on a unit that has just returned .from months on the battleline . The letter shows General Clark's understanding and his t~ct in dealing with a subordinate commander. Parts of the letter follow : ( "Dear ,Etmie;r ; "Your letter of the 25th of June has been received and is appreciated. I am glad to get your views on the difficult job which I know, and Ike knows, faces us all -- the raising of the discipline of the American Army in N0 rth Africa . 11 am glad you appreciated ! that my letter was one to all Commanders and was in no way dir ected personally a t you. M3J:)J' units which have done well at the front have come back in this area . We had had a little difficulty, and where we did have it we handled it in what we hoped was a tolerant and understandable manner. nr t? nt>te what you sey aoout the discipline of the 2nd Armored Division . I have always felt that t~t was one of the best disciplined units I have ever seen . I saw the 1st Armored Division in Ireland, in England and all over Africa, and it always impressed me as having good discipline. I am sure if there has been a temporary depreciation in that discipline as a result of its long and arduous experiences at the front you will promptly bring it back to the desired level. "I hope you do not think that we here fail to appreciate the human nature involved in the necessary relaxation by a unit returning after long service at the front . I appreciate it, know they will relax, want them to relax , want them to have fun and do not intend to resist such natui"§,t inclinations exyept where they reach a disproportionate extent. 11 As I said in my letter to you, it shoul d be the battle proven units that appreciate the great necessity for discipline, and I am sure that is the case in your command. "I note what you say about a natui·al resentment of some of these soldiers who have been in combat being bossed around by troops which have not been in combat. There is where leaf1.ership comes in and where the com anders concerned should exm plain to thes e m the fao:t. that the great majority of the troops her e have not en been as fortunate as you have- - that this is merely the beginning of a war and that before it is over, all troops will have their opportunity. In my opinion, there will be little such resentment when troops are properly cor.unanded . · 111 note what you say about the American soldier can be led but not driven. That's axiomatic and understood here. That's where you come in again, and is the attribute by which real commanders finally rise to the top. �. .... ' :lit: t~~ti;~iii,~ on , "I know the proposition which confronts yo~ ,t;aining and equipment, and you can rest assured that I have done, and am doing, all I can to better your situation. I have talked with Ike, who has just spent throe days with me, and he is likewise trying to help . Of course, everyone now has their eye on another ball , and when that period of strain has relaxed perhaps we can help you more ••• 11 Before long I will call Daw·ley and Walker in here for a confer.ence and pro bably you at the same time, for there is certain information which should be com municated to you in the near future . QAgain, thanks for your letter. I am always glad to get suggestions and help from my friends and know you can do a lot along that line •• •As ev:er, (s) W ayne . " ( General Gruenther is General Clark's * * dinner guest in the evening. * OUJDA,JUNE 29, 1943--Ganeral Clark inspects the Fifth Arrrry Airborne Training Center today, spending two and a half morni r;g hours in the field watching troops of the 29th Parachute Replacement battalion going through gruelling training that will fit them for battle. He spends the rest of the day worldng on paper s and radiograms and correspondence, including letters to General Eisenhower . ( ' After working at his desk for an hour, General Clark leaves headquarters at 9 AMfor the A.JI.re, which is located by Oujda airport . He is accompanied by Col. Beam and Captain Houston . Arriving at the training center, the Fifth Army Commander tours the area with Lt . Col . Houghton, commander of the replacement bat talion . He inspects quarters and the mess halls, then goes to the training area. From the fuselages of useless planes, the troops are making mock jumps in which they go through the pr ocess of hoolp.ng up their chute~, checking their equip ment then plunging out of the open door into a straw pit . At other points, men are jwnpil1g down eight feet from wooden platforms and practicing forward rolls upon lighting . This is designed to break their fall . General Clark then watches the pcl.I'atroopors sweating their way over a tough obstacle course. Other men are doing close order drill . Next, the general goes to hangars near the airfield where men are learning how to pa.ck personnel and equipment parachutes properly . The general inspects the work closely . He then goes to an area where the students are learning how to use enemy weapons . This is pa.rt of the vast amount of German and Italian ~quipment that was captured in Tunisia . With his inspection of the Airborne Tra:µiing Center complete, General Clark returns to headquarters, arriv ing back in his office at 11:20 AM . • One of the interesting papers of the day calls for movement of the Fifth .,. Army Headquarters to Mostagenem about July 25. It also proposed that the Fifth Army corps move into the HAlizane - Port - aux- Poules area . General Clark agrees that the corps ~ight be moved but he points out that movement of the Fifth Army to Mostagenem would be a tip - off to the enemy since the I Armored Corps (reinfor ced), Ylhich was the HUSKY American group, used the same area . The W.U IAC has just vacated the area, moving up to a ship in Algiers harbor from where it will push off on the HUSKY operation . The paper concerning future movements of the Fifth Army proposes that shortly before Operation BRIMSTONE to s tart, that is the headquarters move to the Bizerte - Mateur region in Tunisia . It is General Clark ' s idea that the Fifth Army can remain in Oujda until time for the movement to Tunisia just prior to start of the operation . The plan call s for the advance echelon of the Fifth Army to move by air -- just as it did on the commandpost problem to Marrakech last March- -when the BRI .STONE N oper qtion starts . �39 General Clark writes two letters today to General Eisenhower. One deals with the visit of the Sul tan of Morocco and says , in part : " ••• The Sul tan was very · appreciative of the gift, (the Packard sedan) and a ppeared to have been very much pleased by the military demonstration and by the various event.a during his visit which had been arranged by the local French and M ussulman of f icials . The demonstration which we conducted was hel d at a combat range area several miles from town and consisted of a combined attac k by strafing planes, tanks, infantry and flame throwers . The program was wel l coordinated and vras executed in a manner which provided an impressive display of fire power . It had been indicated to me that the Sultan would like to r eturn to l!,es b:/ airplane with the principal offic ials of his court, and I was unable to arrange for him to do so . He apparently was very much interested and pleased by this ending to his trip, and the affair as a whole appears to have been a great success . 11 The s econd letter to General Eisenhower concerns the death of a lieutenant at the Fifth Army Engineer Training Center . The lieutenant , a student, was killed by a stray bullet during th e final night exercise during which a mine field is cleared under live fire at just over head level . Says the Fifth Army Commander•e letter to General Eisenhower: t•Attached is a report I have just received on one of our officers who was killed at our Mine Training Center . Having just been there, I knew you would be interested . This is regreted, but in making our train ing m at our various centers realistic, we are bound to have such accidents . We will keep them at a minimum, but in my opinion it is only through such training that we will produce the kind of soldiers which you want to go, into battle . 11 ( This is the letter that General Clark has received from General Eisenhower as the result of the Commander in - Chief ' s visit to Fifth Army Headquarters and Training Centers: "Dear Wayne: During my recent visit to the Fifth Army I was thoroughly impressed with the smartness, discipline and efficiency of the men and their officers, and the variety of activities I was privileged to witness . "I wish you would convey to General Wilbur, General 0 1Daniol , Colonel Loef and Lt . Colonel Wyatt my appreciation of the several evidences I saw of their soldier - like proficiency . "The contribution the Fifth Army under your direction is ma.king to the war ef f ort can scarcely be over - stated. The practic al and realistic training which you are giving men, non- coms and officers add greatly to general efficiency and our power to attack. Keep up the good work . 11Cordially, ( s) Dwight D. Eisenhower . 11 General Clark hemains at the office until 6 PM, then goes~ to his villa , plays ping - pong before taking his bath , then spends the rest of the even i ng at his villa . * * * �OU JDA, JUNE30, 1943--Wi th an eye to the time when the Fifth Arrrrywill execute operation BRIMST O NE, one organization that is participating in the imminent HUSKY invasion is earmarked by AFHQ today for use in the Fifth Army's mission . The outfit in an Engineer Amphibious brigade that is part of Force 141 in the HUSKYoperation . This brigadle is to return to the Fifth Army just as soon as is feasible following completion of its present mission . Fifteen new officers are brought into General Clark ' s office this morning to meet the Fifth Ar-my Commanderand hear his customary speech of greeting and advice. Officer personnel of Fifth Army Headquarters has changed materia l ly since the arm;y s birth . Various officers have gone to other posts. Some are on loan for ' Operation HUSKY will return when that mission, in its primary aspects, is and over . General Clark has stuck to his resolve not to let his headquarters get too large; to keep it under the table of organization strength . , In mid-morning, General Clark goes out to tlie headquarters company area to inspect the negro quartermaster truck company that has arrived recently to replace the old company that has been returned to its parent regiment in Casablanca. The Army Comman inspects the colored area closely . It is housed in pyramidal der tents and has moved in smoothly . Discipline is not up to the general ' s standards and he takes steps to see that the men are fully instructed as to what is expected of them. \ An interesting r adio is reeeived in the afternoon from the U.S . M ilitary Attache in Tangiers . He states that the Spanish are excited about reports that an allied invasion of Spain is planned; that troops will land in the Gulfo de Rosas, then cross over into France . This, the Spanish claim, would be timed with an invasion of Spanish Morocco. They claim it would take 14 days for the Allies to take Spanish Morocco and that in the meantime Germany would move her troops into Spain . This is the evaluation put on the report . The Germans probably sowed it since they want to keep Spain in an excited state . Adding credence is the movement through the Straits of Gibraltar of huge convoys; the massing of invasion barges and combat loaded shi ps all along the north coast of French N rth Africa in preplration for HUSKY; the sailing of the advance units 0 of these invasion ships . General Clark spends most of the ai'ternoon with Brigadier General Wedemeyer, General Wedemeyer is in North Africa on a quick tour that is timed with the start of IDJSKYGeneral Clark is closeted . for an hour and a half with Generals Gruenther and Wedemeyer During this time . the two Fifth Army generals get an over -all picture of the global war. Wedemeyer leaves several documents with General Clark and he spends the late afternoon po:wring over them. It 18 a hot and muggy day with a real sirocco wind sweeping in from the south. The air is extremely hot. In late afternoon, the first rain in weeks falls. But very briefly. a member of General Marshall ' s staff. The general has decided he will go to Rabat and Casablanca for big Fourth of July celebrations that are going to be held there. He will leave here early the morning of the 4th, participate with the Sultan and M Puaux in ceremonies . at Rabat . He will then fly to Casablanca for late afternoon cere m onies th H . re Killing two birds with one stone, General Clark will remain overnight in Casa, inspect the Replacement Training Center the followi ng morning, fly to Rabat and inspect the 1st Armored and 36th Divisions. This will give him an opportim.ity to impart orally BRIMSTON 1 plans to Generals Dawley, of the VI Corps; Harmon ~ and Walker . �YI In order that discussions of the afternoon can be continued at his villa on a more informal basis, General Clark has Generals Gruenther and Wedemeyer in for dinner . They spend the evening talking over the military situatj_on, guaging the chances of Operation HUSKY and speculating concerning what success or failure will mean, particularly to the Fifth Army. * * * OUJDA-SAIDIA - OUJDA,JULY ; 1, 194.3 A conf'erence with a r'rench general con-cerning movement into the Oujda area of a French division for training, a German "paratroop ale :b 11 and attendance at a "One Year Overseas" anniversary t dinner mark the Fifth ArmyCommander s day. ' The French general who calls on General Clark is General Dody, cor.unanding the Meknes division . His division is going to move into the area north and east of Oujda for training and he discusses the matter vrlth General Clark . The Fifth Army commander agrees to the French placing approximately ,300 French troops in Oujda. They will be medical and supply units. The paratroop episode turns out to be nothing but a 11scare . 11 Reports cone in that a Ge1mtanparatrooper is in the Municipal Park . The first three officers to receive the news go to the park heavily armed. Meanwhile, an MP company is started on the search . Nothing is found at the park but a short while later the 1 MP s regularly stationed at the outskirts of the native quarter phone in that they have chased but lost a fleeing man dressed in Arab clothing but obviously a European . Climax of the story is that the "para.trooper" is an Algerian Fi~enchmen who has escaped from the local jail . Oujda, however, gets a sample of troops on the alert as trucks with armed men scour the streets and the countryside . Enemy paratrooper s have been doing some damage. A bomb was found under a rail road track three miles outside Oujda . One train has been der ailed between Oran and Ou.jda. Several ci vilians were killed but none of the military personnel aboard was even injured . Captured paratroopers had declared that a fairly large group of paratroopers was to jump in Algeria and Morocco on either the night of June 29 or JO. Troops all over North Africa have been aler;ted and guards have been increase d around Fifth Anny headquarters . At 1 PM, Gene~l Clark goes to a di£fa gi ven in his honor by a local Arab that he has befriended , M Zamoma Six headquarters officers accompany hin1 to . . the dii'fa which is the traditional Arab feast . The meal lasts almost two hours and when it is concluded , the guests are stuffed . General Clark talces Colonel Saltzman ijnd three French people to Saidia in his car . The party has a swim, sits around and chats and then returns to Oujda . Sixty - three officers in headquarters are entitled to go to the Anniversary dinner . Most of them were with General Clark when he commandedthe II Corps back in England . A major ity sailed from the States on the same day- July 1, 1942. They meet to commemorate a yea:r of over::.eas duty and the party, since all those attending are friends of lon g- standing, is strictly informal . When the meal is concluding, General Clark cuts the birthday cake on which there is one large candle . Ila.tar, he makes a speech that is nothing but a chat with old friends . He recalls how he assembled many of his officers . He reminisces about days in England. He concludes with a toast to "Our Commander in - Chief, the President" and calls upon his officers for sterling service in the fight that lies ahead . The officers applaud the 11old man" so long that he has to hold up his hand to stop the clapping . The program includes a "Message from the Old Man. n It follows : �; "To me, this Anniversary dinner is like a class reunion . Most of us are old friends who have worked together, fought together and shared priceless experiences together . 11 The II Corps days remain as pleasant memories. I know how often you must reminisce -- because J. reminisce the same way-- a 1:Dutthe Castle and the Moat and other spots where we worked and lived gogether. "Now we are part of a new army-- an army rorn on foreign soil , but an army bound together by American ideals, a commonpurpose and strengthened by old friend ships and a spirit of team play that has been developed during the past year and that you, as the nucleus of the team, have transmitted to those who came to the Fifth Army from other units . This group gathered here tonight has an Hesprit de corps .• If you didn 1 t have, you wouldn't be assembling to celebrate, as old buddies , the anniversary of a year overseas . "When I came here with so many of my old II Corps men with me, I rather feared we might have a ' special clique' attitude . My fears were unfounded . You have gathered unto you new offi cers and men and a 100 percent "One For All and All For The Fi.rth Army" attitude prevails . This has delighted me. Like having a half - interest in a wife, a hal.f - inte;r;est in your organization is unbearable . We have no half - interests here . We are the Fifth Army and we are proud of this new organization that we have seen~ow from a mere idea i nbo a lusty son of war who will get his chance in battle and prove himself . "I know that all of you tonight must have in the back of your minds vague plans for another celebration . Our celebration of victory . That day of victory is comingl The Fi.rth Army is, I am certain, going to play a large part in bringing about that victory . I am counting heavily on each and every one of you to do your part. The contributions you make will play a large park in how soon we will gather again to celebrate our Victory dinner! 11 Mark W Clark . Lieutenant General, U. S. Army 11 Commanding General Clark receives today a copy of the memorandumMr• .Murphy sent the Secretary of State in Washington as a result of the visit of the Sultan to Oujda. "At the invitation of Lieutenant General Mark W Clark, I proceeded to Oujda, . French Morocco, on June 24th, for the purpose of participating in the ceremonies organized incident to the visit to that place of the Sultan of Morocco," Murphy wrote Secretary HUll. 11 During the course of this visit the Sultan was the guest of General Clark at a reception and a military demonstration offered by American forces . General Clark also presented the Sultan with an automobile as a token of American esteem and pro vided him with a squadron of airplanes for his return to Rabat. 11 The ceremonies, which were att ended by French of f icials and Moroccan pachas and caids from the principal points in Morocco, were marked by a great cordiality - and good will. They left little doubt regarding the present enthusiasm shown by the Arab pop~tion for the American military forces in French Morocco and great credit is due to the skill and tact displayed by General Clark in the conduct of his relations with the Moroccans . 11• •• There is no doubt in my mind that, as a result of the friendly treatment given by the American military authorities to the Moroccan Arabs, we may count on their friendship . At the same time there is also little doubt of their growing ho:µ3 that the United States may intervene in their behalf to relieve them from the French Protectorate. The American military authorities, of course, are interested in attaining their objective, namely, the wholehearted cooperation of the Arab population during the coming critical months, for purely military reasons. It is a sit - �uation which calls for considerable tact to awid a campaign on the part of the Arabs for our support in obtaining a political adjustment at some future date . I do not believe that the Cherifian authorities hope for such an adjustment prior to the termination of' hostilities, but it is appar ent that they are constructing a plam looking to that ultimate result. "I have been careful to avoid several suggest io ns emanating fro m Rabat for a "confidential" discussion with the Sultan, as I feel that this is a matter in which the Department would desire the greatest prudence exercised. " • •• • It seems to me that the new administrati on under Resident General Puam:: augurs well for future Franco-American relations in French Morocco. 11 * * * OUJDA-OR.AN-AIN EL TOURCK-ANDAL O ES-AIN TEM US OUCHENT - LOURMEL-OUJD A, JULY2, 1,43--General Clark makes today an inspection of Anti - Aircr aft Artillery units in the Oran area and · i.sits t2e British Battle Training Sckool at Los Andalouses . T ( Tlle Fiftk Army Commander, accompanied by Colonel Robinson, 1''ifth Army Anti- , Aircraft Officer, and one aide, Captain Houston, leaves Fifth Army Headquarters at 7:30 AMand goes to Oujda airport where the C.G's C-47 takes off' at 7:50 for La Senia airport at Oran. In 50 minutes, the transport plane lands at La Senia and the general disembarks to be met by General Rutledge, Commanderof the 45th C.A. Brigade, and Colonel Chapin, Coast Defense Officer for the Oran district . The party immediately goes to the Gun Operations Roomat Oran. Here a guard of honor is drawn up and after receiving flourishes, General ijlark inspects it . The Fifth Army Commanderthen inspects the GOR, nearby gun positions and the vivouac area of Headquarters Battery of the 1st Battalion, 505th AAA Leaving the GO the . R, , party, augmented by Col. McGarraugh, Cmrnmanding the 505th, drives westward along , the Mediterranean coast to Ain El Tourck. Here, GenerajL Clark inspects a battery of' 90 M anti-aircraft M guns and radar equipment of the 505th . After putting cotton in his ears to soften the heavy detonations, General Clark watches the big 99 MM guns in action . At Ain El Tourck, Colonel Bizzell, an old friend of General Clark's and acting commander of the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center due to the absence of' General 0 1Daniel on operation HUSKY, joins the party . The area between Ain El Tourck and Los Andalouses is being utilized for invasion training by British units from Gibraltar. The "Rock" is so compact and stepp that there is nowhere that troops stationed there ean train. Hence, since the Allied invasion of Africa, General Mason Macfarlane has been able to send his Gribraltar troops to North Africa for training. American uni t s are also training in this area and Colonel Bizzell conducts General Clark on an inspection of' various units of the 142nd Infantry which are in training along the coastline . The training is similar to that the general has already seen at Arzew. Amongthe activities seen are an obstacle course ; precision calisthenics by eight men exercising with a long log; probing for mines; hand to hand fighting, and street fighting. The J:E,rty then proceeds to headquarters of the British Battle School at Los Andalouses. General Clark watches the Tommies running a very difficult obsctacle course while rifles and machine guns fire over their heads and while gun cotton detonations go off around them. The Fifth Army Commander t hen inspects the Britis h mess and while refreshments are baing served, he learns of the Britishers• acut e shortage of transportation. General Clark promises to furnish the Battle School with a jeep immediately . �\ When the Los Andalouses inspection is over, General Clark bids Colonel Bizzell goodbye and contirrues on to Ain Temouchent with General Rutledge, Colonels Chapin and Robinson and the aides . At Ain Temouchent, he is met by Colonel Wil son , c.o. of the 8th Group, and Lieut . Col . Leary, his executive . A guard of honor is drawn up in the town square and General Clark reviews the troops . He then proceeds to General Wils6n I s villa for lunch . }>resent at the lunch are & Generals Clark and Rutledge; Colonels Wilson, Chapin,Robinson and Leary and the two aides . Following lunch, General Clark is taken to a class in aircraft recognition . Students at the Anti -Aircraft Artillery Training Center are learning recognition by use of moti on picrture slides . From the headquarters at Ain Temouchent, the party proceeds to the bivouac area of the 167th Battalion, about three miles east of to~n. General Clark observes disciplinary gun drill and inspects the area and messing .i\cillties . Bivouaced two or three miles away is the 410th battalion, J.... AA, and General Clark goes there to inspect the area and watch more disciplinary gun drill . Returning to Ain Tem ouchent, Colonel Wilson and Lieut. Col. Leary leave the party and General Clark proceeds to Lourmel where his C- 47 is waiting to take off for Oujda. During the return flight to his headquarters, General Clark , who is at the controls , circles the two- motored transport several times over the area where he has just inspected the two battalions . The flight is made to give the troops practice in tracking planes . Returning to (\ijda a few minutes before 5 PM General Clark thanks Col . , Robinson for an interesting inspection tour and goes to his office . Trying to clear up his desk , General Clark works until signing important papers on which ·fast action is necessary. alone at his villa . * ( * 6:11) PM reading and , He then has dinner * OUJDA-SAIDIA-OUJDA.,, 3, 1943- - --General Clark has placed on his desk today JULY the G- 2 plan and G- 2 estimate for operation BRI STONE This thick, comprehensive M . document is one that has been prepared by the special planning staff that is working night and day on plans for tho Fifth Army General Clark pores over the docu. ment for pa.rt of the morning . The liaison group that will work with Allied Force Headquarters on gearing BRI STO E plans has already gone to Algiers . M N The document that General Clark studies so closely and which will be virtually a bible to the Fifth Army during the coming months includes a terrain estimate , the battle order of Italian and German troops with a comparison of fire power and equipment, a table of airfields, landing grounds and seaplane bases , a map of the airfields of the BRIMST '.I!! O and other areas, a defense map of the BRIM N area, N S'l'O E a table of distances . It also includes a summary of the enemy situation, essential elements of information and gives detailed data in the way of maps, ihotographs and mosaics . Quietly and efficient~ , the Fli"th Army is making BRIMSTONE preparations . Yesterday, upon his return from the AA inspection trip, General Clark con-terred briefly with Generals Walker and Dawley who had spent most of the day at the Fifth Army Leadership and Battle Training Center . As the days go by, the circle of arm;r officials knowing about BRIM STONE widens . But it widens cautiously . Much depends on the success of HUSKY which is now just over the horizon . J Two of General Clark's Ou.jda Arab friends call on him this morning . One is MohamedZernma.ma local merchant with whomthe general 11diffa-ed" last rrhursday . , a The other is Abdellatif Sebti, co- owner of a business with Zenmiama They come to . bring the general a gif't - -a silver swoni . �There is still a lot of tumult boiling under the French North Africa political front exterior . The Giraud -DeGaulle "love feast" hasn ' t been too successful . Back in General Clark's bailiwick, there have been some changes that have caused concern to the American diplomats . General Clark receives today a copy of a communic ation from Mr. Culbert, Civil Affairs Officer at Ca:sablanca, to Mr. Murphy at Algiers . After pointing out that 27 changes have been made in top officials of the Protectorate of Morocco, Culbert writes: "The sweeping nature of the changes., as well as some of the more important individual ones, give the impression not only to us but to the French public that the new French governmental setup has reverted t6 the id, frequently discussed, and constantly criticized pre - war system existing in French politics. That is what disappoints a good many people who had hoped for an evolution of French politics into a definitely cl eaa er plane . Another thought which strikes ma.r.yof the old timers in Morocco is the difficulty Mf a new Administration will be faced with by such a wholesale change in organization at a time when order and security are most to be desired and are jeopardized in the civilian population here, particularly the native population . •• II General Clark also receives from the U. S. Consul General at Casablanca, H. Earle Russell, a memorandumfrom a Vice Consul , Russell Brooks . At t he bottom , 1 Russell has noted nemphatically appro ved ." Says the report, in part: "Rear Admiral M ssoffe last night expressed his fear to me that the friendly relations of American i Military Authorities with the Arabs in Morocco was brel:,king donw French influence in the Protectorate and that when the American forces eventually left the country, ~erious trouble can be eJq>ected. Admiral Missoffe appreciated our position here as tending to obtain the maximumfor the war effort from the Arabs, but believes that as they are a feud.al people, unaccustomed to liberty as it is known in the United States, they will not understand the reason for the difference between French control intended to maintain peaceable conditions (not to mention exploit ation) and the equality now accorded them by the Americans . "American-Arab policy here seems to be one of the moment and its possible effects after American troops have left apparenily do not weigh greatly in the scale . Admira l Missoffe said that we are probably unaware of the future troubles we are building up for the French in Morocco because of our lack of knowledge of Arab character, but he emphatically added that any such action was not taken with the intention of gaining for the United States Political advantages." , . In the afternoon, after clearing up his deak, the Firth Army Commanderflies to Saidia in his l3iper Cub. A companion plane bears Col. Lewis, Fifth Army Artillery Officer . Reason for taking Col. Lewis is that his name has just been sent to the Senate for promotion to Brigadier General . With the two Cub pilots , Captains Hall and Gillespie , General Clark and General Lewis spend the late af'ternoon on the beach. They return to Oujda at 6 PMand eat dinner together at the General ' s house . Because he is leaving early tomorrow on a two-day Fourth of July trip to Ra.rt and Casablanca, the Firth Army Commanderretms early . * ) * * OUJDA -RABAT-CASABLANCA, 4, 194.3 A "must" Fourth of July appearance in JULY -Rabat with the Sultan of Morocco and M Puaux, the new Resident General of French . Morocco, has the general starting for the airport from his villa at 7:.30 AMtoday . The trip westward is also going to be used by the Fifth Anny Commanderas an opportunity to inspect the Casablanca Replacement Depot and visit VI Corps and the I Armored Division, both 1''ifth Army units . �At 8:00 AM, General Clark ' s C- 47 talces off from the dusty and now quite deserted (because all troop carrier planes and gliders formerly there are being used in Operation HUSKY) airport . The party going to Ra.bat is made up of the general, Col . Saltzman ; Lt. Col . Sutherland; Bl'lli:Captain Byles, ~~~ / of the aides ; Lieut . Noah, who will act as photographer throughout the tri P. and ...,;,;J, members of the Mexican missi on to the Fifth Army, Colone l, Cardena s ~ °tnd ' ajor DeZaldo, who are returning to the United States . The general ' s transport arrives at the Rabat airport at 10 AM. .. A guard of honor, consisting of a French band and French and American troops, is lined up for General Clark . After inspecting the guard, the"'Fifth Army Command er ' s party, escorted by a reconnaissance troop, drives to the reviewing stand in the heart of Rabat . This is the main point p,css w which the Fourth of July parade m will pass . Arriving at the re viewing stand , General Clark is again given honors, this time by an American band . Soon after General Clark ' s arrival, the Sultan comes in regal splendor . He is preceded by his color1Ully dressed mounted guard on beau tiful horses . Then comes a foot barld with its shrill native instruments . Following this is the Sultan ' s Own Black Guard, huge black men with silver rings in their right ear lobes . The Guard is dressed in brilliant red uniforms . At 10: 45, the first unit of the Four th of July parade reaches the reviewing stand . It is a native Moroccan band and a goup of Cherifian infantry dressed in flowing native costumes . Next comes regiment of French infantry and a French band . All other units passing in review are American . First comes almost all elements of an Infantry Division , first the doughboys marching, then the artille r y towing its guns behind t.rucks follows with other division units brirgtng up the rear . El ements of an Armored Division fol l ow with the tanks and reconnai s sance vehicles rumbling their way down streets banked by a human hem. This is followed by. various battalions and companies made up of signal , medical and ordnance units . The end of the parade passes the reviewing stand at noon just as a 48 gun salute starts . From the review, General Clark goes to his Rabat villa to clean up and then proceeds to the Tour Hassan Hotel where a luncheon is given at the VI Corps Headquarters Officers' Mess., The luncehon -- which includes lobster, steak and straw berry shortcake -- is delicious . It is attended by M Puaux, the Sultan, General . Clark, General Dawley and high French and Arab officials . Fr om the luncheon , Gen. Clark goes to Rabat airfield and takes off for Casablanca in his transport . At Casablanca he is met by Colonel Ratay, commander of the Atlantic ~ase Section . After reviewing an honor guard at the airport, Gener~l Clark drives directly to Villa Maas, a beautiful home that overlooks Casablanca and the sea beyond from a fine site behind the city . The villa , owned by a prominent North Africhn oournal ist , is luxuriously furnished . The general and his party make immediute use of the villa ' s spacious swimming pool . The official United States ArmyBand has just arrived in Africa from the States and it comes to Villa Maas to paly a spec i al concert for the general . When the band has completed its half hour concert , General Clark goes out and thanks the band, reminding them how oft en he has heard them pl ay at his old station -- their home station -- the Army War College in Washington . Also staying at Villa Maas are Major General Gillam, who succeeded Lieut . Gen. Devers as head of the U.S. Armored Forces when Devers was made Commanding General of the European Theater of Operations with headquarters in London. General Clark spends quite some time in conversation with General Gillam. At 7 PM, General Cl~rk and his party go to the residence of U.S . Consul General and Mrs. Russell to attend a Fourth of July tea being given byJ the diplomatic offic - j �41 ial . A large group of French and American army and navy officials and French civilian officials are already gathered at the consul ' s home. Leaving the tea at 8:20 PM General Clark, with Colonels Sal t zman and Sutherland and Captain Byles, , drives to the apartment of Ted Culbert , head civil affairs officer at Casablanca. Culber t is giving a Fourth of July dinner and the 35 to 40 guests include many influential members of the Casablanca French community. Also present are M. and Mme. Puaux and their son, Lieut . Puaux, who is being assigned to the French mission with Fifth Army At 10:45, the General and his party go to the Hotel Robinson in . Casablanca. where the Atlantic Base Section is giving a Fourth of July dance . The orchestra is composed of special musicians out of the United States ArmyDand. At midnight , General Clark and his officers return to the villa . The Fifth Army Com mander goes~ to bed immediately but the other officers, including the General ' s pilot and co- pilot, Captain Worley and Lieutenant Adair , go swimming again in "the raw . " * * * CASABLANCA -RABAT-OUJDA, JULY5, 1943•- After breakfasting in the top floor dining room of Villa Maas, General Clark goes at 8:00 AMto the 2nd Replacement Depot to make an inspection,. He is met by Colonel Dockum, c.o. of the~Depot , and Lieut . Col . Wagner, who is in charge of training . The Fifth Army Commanderthen makes a rapid but complete tour of the replacement depot . He watches officers and men getting close order and manual of arms drill. At the conclusion of his inspec tion , about 5, 000 officers and men are assembled the drill field and the General addresses them. In a five minute talk, he emphasizes the need for discipline , of which, he says, 11the salute is the first indication . " He expresses the hope that "many of you in the audience will be assigned to Fifth Army units . "In almost al+ cases," he says, hitting hard on the discipline a.ngite, "troop failures can be directly attributed to officer failures and officers must realize their respon sibilities and never flag in their efforts to improve themselves . " In closing, General Clark, who has just heard that many in his audience were prevented by his visit from getting passes, declar es that he hopes the time will be made up to them. He is applauded heartily and cheered lustily at the end of his speech . on General Clark is pleased with the progress being made at the replacement cent er. It has been a source of worry to him and he tells Col. Dockumthat he is "doing a fine job . 11 Construction work at the depot is proceeding rapidly . Addit ional e:raining ,equipment, particularly rifles, is being obtained for the depot . The party then goes to the Casablanca airport and takes off in the General's transport . The big plane puts down at Sale, just across the river from Rabat, at 11 AM Gene:al Clark is met by General Dawley and taken to a VI Corps range . that is north of Sale along the Atlantic coast . Here, General Clarks ees a demon stration of the use of airplanes in chemical warfare . While Colonel Guild, Chemical Warfare Officer of VI Corps, conducts a running commentary, D-25s attack a target in front of General Clark with various types of indendiary bombs, white phosphorous and smoke. At first they dro p the chemicals in bombsMThen, the planes lay it in smoke screen form. Finally, the ..2011roar over and sprayx the officer audience with water to simulate a vesicant gas . -· Following the chemical warfare demonstration , General Clark witnesses a demonstration of an attack upon a strong point by tanks, supported by artillery. 11 A platoon of tanks, successively firing and advancing, attack a.n }Jenemy strong hold while the strong point is covered by percussion fire by a battery of 105 howitzers. I-'inally, the tanks overrun the strong point, firing their machine guns �~~"!t.lk~~~~ ll'ltS' ,W. ~T-lnfs'l'f''r;r rt'\V3 -,,. rr,·1;i; st::~<ttt::. z 'i'. while the artillery continues a heavy fire to neutralize "enemy personnel'' at the strong point . The artillerymen use high explosive with time fire. This fire, while destructive to enemy personnel, is not of suffi dient strength to damage the tanks which shed it quite easily. The artillel"J fire is laid dovm by a lh-d.ttery out of the 36th Division. The demonstratioh is spectacular . General Dawley is host at a luncheon given picnic style in a nearby cork forest . The chief guests are Generals Clark, Harmon and Walker. An orchestrq from one of the VI Corps units furnishes music . Following lunch, General Clark is taken by General t&:~J~ to the I Armored Od!vs headquarters where General Har; mon tqkos over . General Ciark is then taken by General Harmon on a drive through the ltst Armored Division area . From the car, General Clark sees how the division is set up in the cork forest area north of Sale . At J:50 PM General Clark is , back at Rabat airport and he takes off for Oujda in his transport after bidding Generals Dawley and Harmon goodbye . Lieut . Pu.aux returns to Oujda with the PBrrty. The transport lands at 6 PMand General Clark dJ:ives to his villa. Before having his dinner he works on urgent papers that are brought to his villa by his aides . * * * OUJDA, JULY6, 1943-- General Clark ' s long - standing conviction that the Anny, not the Navy, should be responsible for amphibious training is facing fire again as the U.S. Navy, already twice denied, brings to a head its determined lirive to take over amphibious training . C General Clark receives ae ,tt111arnunemrmw11JiMw..,,_ from Allied Ji'orce Head- \ quarters a communication declaring that 11The Commander, U.S . Naval Forces in North African Waters will forthwith assume responsibility for amphibious training of such troops as may be designated by this headquarters . The scope of this train- I ing will be such as to insure adequate training of Naval and Army elements in \ landing assualt and followup troops on designated bea ches; maintenance of corr.nrun ications from ship to shore and shore to ship from the moment the landing of leading elements is effected; movement of supplies from ship to dumps ashore, and maintenance of supply over beaches; all matters connected with an amphibious operation except training of land forces in the tactics and tebhnique employed by the several arms when once ashore; (establish various schools for specialized training) •11 The punch varagraph of the tram.ng directive says: "The Fifth Army Invasion iraining Center, less non-amphibious training activities, is transferred to Navy control andis redesignated as the Amphibious Training Center, North African Theater of Operations. Non-amphibious training facilities will be retained under control of Fifth Army for use of ground force units. under training. 11 Despite being somewhat ill with dysentry and spending the morning working on papers from his bedroom, General Clark comes to his office for a conference with General Wolfe, who has become temporl:l.ry c.o. of the ITC during General 0 1Daniels absence on operation HU SKY, and General Crane, who has flown down from Algiers to discuss the move with the 1',ifth Army Commander A long conference between . Generals Clark, Gruenther, Crane and Wolfe follows . The result is the drafting of the following memorandumto General Rooks, G- 3 of Allied Force Headqual'ters . Gen. Crane flies back to Algiers with it: "1 . General Crane and his group have visited us today in connection with the responsibility for amphibious tra . ,the Invasion Training Center . In view �Y9 of the extremely short time remaining prior to the D- day for the next operation it is considered impracticable to transfer the Invasion Training Center ' s activ ities to another agency as contemplated in the draft directive which General Crane presented . 112. It is propo eed that there be set up in the Arzew area, in addition to the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center now there, an amphibious training center to be conducted by the Navy. The Fifth Army Invasion Training Center will handle matters involving ground forces and the amphibious training center will conduct training involving the purely amphibious phase of operations . A commanding officer will be designated for each activity, and they will confer mutually to determine what specific activities will be undertaken by each . It is further contemplated that there would be an exchange of liaison officers to secure the necessary coordination . 113. In determining which training activities will be conducted by the Army and by the Navy, the guiding principle will be that the service responsible for a particular phase of the operation will also be responsible for the correspond ing training . 114 . other seasons why it is inadvisable to trans.fer the Invasion Training Center activities to the U.S. navy at this time are: "a . Training by the Fifth Army has already been started . "b . It is probable that the naval support for the next operation will be gi ven by the British Navy. Upon completion of that operation it is improbable that other large scale amphibious training will be donduct ed in the Mediterranean area . "c . The U.S . Navy is so preoccupied with current operations at this time that it will be able to contribute little to the actual training . (s) Mark W Clark, . Lieutenant General , USA, Commanding11 . After an early - morning visit from Col . Bruce and taking medicine for his dysentry , General Clark remains in his bedroom but works on papers that are taken to him by his aides . He remains at the villa until after lunch, then comes to his office for the all - important amphibious training conf erence . First he confers wi th General Wo+fe, the m, after General Crane has arrived and inspected a guard of honor, the conference is held . General Clark has other conferences during the afternoon -- with his Judge Advocate, Col onel M ckelwaite, and other general and i special staff officers . In the evening , General Clark has Col . Bruce at his villa Fifth Army Commanderretires early . * * for dinner . The * OUJDA-SAIDIA-OUJDA , JULY7, 1943- -The I Armored Corps, commandedby General Patton , is to become the Seventh United States Army just as soon as Operation HUSKY gets underway , which means with a very few days . Arrival of this secret document confims what General Clark already knew. Personnel and organizations now assigned or atta ched to the I Armored Corps (Reinforced) are to be assigned or attached to the Seventh Army upon its activation. This makes three United States Armies that have been organized outside the United States . First, General Clark ' s Fifth Army; then the Sixth Army under Gen. Krueger in the South Pacific, and now the Seventh A:rrrry, under General Patton . __,, Like the Fifth Army, the Seventh Army will be allocated to the comraandof the Cornmanderib - Chief , Allied Force , General Eisenhower . - �56 General Clark's entire morning-- and it s·ta.rts with him in his office before with pa.per work. General Gruenther is away on a one- day trip so there are no conferences of great importance . By concentrating on nothing but cables , memorandums etc ., the General has his desk cleared by noon . In the after , noon he drives to Saidi.a with two old friends , Colonel Markoe and Major Nygaard . They spend the afternoon on the beach and, following supper at the Saidia villa, return to Onjda . 8 AM is filled -- Allied aircraft *bave been relentlessiy pounding Sicily , -1Sardinia and Italy , proper for the past month. The Wops ar e suffering acutely from a ,rar of nerves . Allied aircraft are shooting down four Axis planes to one in their highly success ful forays . Heavy raids are being made against Germany from bases in England . The Axis is taking a lo t of shoving around now. In the South Pacific, an offensive · against the Japanese has been started and it ia proceeding v1ell . For the first time since their defeat in Tunisia, the Axis struck back last night , sending a 100 bomber raid against Bizerte where invasion craft are making ready to sail . Effect of the raid is not known. The Germans l.aanched yesterday a big offensive on the Russian front . They took a solid beating fro~ the intrenched Russians . German losses in tanks and men were heavy . * * * OUJDA,JUL 8 , 1943-- Looking to the day when t he Fifth Army will enter an Y enemy country and have to institute military government, General Clark has a long conference tod ay with Brigadier General Holmes, head of the .Military Government section of Allied Force Headquarters . General Holmes, just promoted, is the colonel w went to No h Africa with General Clark las t O ho rt ctober on the secret mission . An organization Jmownas AM GOI', Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories, has been set up. General Holmes explains its workings to Generals Clark and Gruenther and Lieut . Col . Sutherland, head of the Fifth Army Liaison section. Ea.ch army that has t o deal with the government of occupies tertitories will have a military government staff that is completely army. If the head staff officer is Ame ican, his chief executive officer will be British, or vice versa . r An equal distribution will be made of all military government posts so the officers are half British, half American . Military policemen for instance will be either British or Americah but they will be rexpresenting BarH governments . The important thing about AMGOT that it is joint, with no national differences . This military is government section will be all ready , when an army moves into a new country, to assuming the government of that country . Policing , courts, sanitation, fiscal , etc . , will all be provided for before the occupation starts . General Holmes explaina the organization as it particularly involves an army such as the Fifth . A Military Government school has been set up in Africa as a branch of the United States Army Military Government school in Virginia . It is decided that Col . Sutherland will go to Algiers and the Military Government school to get further details of the Military Government proceedure so he can head it up when the F'ifth Army moves into an occupied country . It is a vast and complicated field and exceptionally important because proper applicati on of military government means that the army can fight with eyes ahead, not with apprehensive glances back over the shoulder to be pre pared for a stab in the back b~ a discontented or mal-disciplined enemy populati on . General Holmes, an old friend of General Clark's, is to remai n overnight in Oujda. Upon his arrival, he reviews and honor guard for the first time, then goes into conference . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, June 1 - July 7, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from June 1 to July 7, 1943. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1566 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/8916534a508899b302f4a06241c0e343.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=TZDQfeu9TFFovaOXwvT8YuWuznFdLqDPnZgl4dRUJWJamtET6j-zjIiU-wMkqhtEriiZYrnn8EHGJtsc0jTM%7Em5cbl2rhTkYRwSgHHlfHouNYy392VTXdLQClklCtL7oWjeDF8vrH1S27qcU1qjU9eJdWnM-hwut9OJ9hfE5XqDAfZjDPMPKdzeh69Y4JRofKmHVkvTzJ%7EuFHj-mSgfoIt-NDNDIKULyUXA-Lw43m4JopiFU7I4evABr9lTxTF7rPUDtaUuNl7C7daQFGOYEqkFZr08pCh82UFoCvOr85qVRiJx-g47FaJ2XE75B00YD4nbH92NdqjPDBUqBCRVv6A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a3ab2dee44044625ad8acedc52376edf PDF Text Text 56 General Clark's entire morning-- and it s·ta.rts with him in his office before with pa.per work. General Gruenther is away on a one- day trip so there are no conferences of great importance . By concentrating on nothing but cables , memorandums etc ., the General has his desk cleared by noon . In the after , noon he drives to Saidi.a with two old friends , Colonel Markoe and Major Nygaard . They spend the afternoon on the beach and, following supper at the Saidia villa, return to Onjda . 8 AM is filled -- Allied aircraft *bave been relentlessiy pounding Sicily , -1Sardinia and Italy , proper for the past month. The Wops ar e suffering acutely from a ,rar of nerves . Allied aircraft are shooting down four Axis planes to one in their highly success ful forays . Heavy raids are being made against Germany from bases in England . The Axis is taking a lo t of shoving around now. In the South Pacific, an offensive · against the Japanese has been started and it ia proceeding v1ell . For the first time since their defeat in Tunisia, the Axis struck back last night , sending a 100 bomber raid against Bizerte where invasion craft are making ready to sail . Effect of the raid is not known. The Germans l.aanched yesterday a big offensive on the Russian front . They took a solid beating fro~ the intrenched Russians . German losses in tanks and men were heavy . * * * OUJDA,JUL 8 , 1943-- Looking to the day when t he Fifth Army will enter an Y enemy country and have to institute military government, General Clark has a long conference tod ay with Brigadier General Holmes, head of the .Military Government section of Allied Force Headquarters . General Holmes, just promoted, is the colonel w went to No h Africa with General Clark las t O ho rt ctober on the secret mission . An organization Jmownas AM GOI', Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories, has been set up. General Holmes explains its workings to Generals Clark and Gruenther and Lieut . Col . Sutherland, head of the Fifth Army Liaison section. Ea.ch army that has t o deal with the government of occupies tertitories will have a military government staff that is completely army. If the head staff officer is Ame ican, his chief executive officer will be British, or vice versa . r An equal distribution will be made of all military government posts so the officers are half British, half American . Military policemen for instance will be either British or Americah but they will be rexpresenting BarH governments . The important thing about AMGOT that it is joint, with no national differences . This military is government section will be all ready , when an army moves into a new country, to assuming the government of that country . Policing , courts, sanitation, fiscal , etc . , will all be provided for before the occupation starts . General Holmes explaina the organization as it particularly involves an army such as the Fifth . A Military Government school has been set up in Africa as a branch of the United States Army Military Government school in Virginia . It is decided that Col . Sutherland will go to Algiers and the Military Government school to get further details of the Military Government proceedure so he can head it up when the F'ifth Army moves into an occupied country . It is a vast and complicated field and exceptionally important because proper applicati on of military government means that the army can fight with eyes ahead, not with apprehensive glances back over the shoulder to be pre pared for a stab in the back b~ a discontented or mal-disciplined enemy populati on . General Holmes, an old friend of General Clark's, is to remai n overnight in Oujda. Upon his arrival, he reviews and honor guard for the first time, then goes into conference . �51 General Clark spends the entire day at headquarters. He has conferences with Col . Beam concerning air problems, including the CommandingGeneral ' s victorious fight with the N rth African Airforce to retain use of his transpo r t plane which the NA.AFhad wanted to take away. General Gruenther also comes in for a number of short discussions on various questions, including BRIMSTONE planning . Colonel Brann , Fifth Army G-3, has gone to Algiers to discuss BRIMSTONB developments with the Fifth Army Liaison planning staff and officers at Allied Force Headquarters who are also working on BRIMSTOUE details . Col . Brann is due back late today . The :F 'ifth A my Commanderspends most of the afternoon working on papers as r he awaits the arrival of Major General Alvan c. Gillem, jr ., coDll'Jandinggeneral of the U.S. Army armored forces who is in N rth Africa on an inspection tour . 0 General Gillem has plane trouble and also makes an unscheduled langing at Fex so he arrive s l ate . General Clark goes to his villa . General Gil lem, after cl eaning up at the guest villa General Clark has had fixed up, goes to the Fifth Army Commanders villa where General Clark has Generals Gruenther, Gill am and Holmes ' for dinner . After his guests have gone, General Clark goes to his office at 9 PMand calls Colonel Brann and his executive officer , Lieut . Col . Wood in for a con, ference concerning the result of their trip to Algiers . The conference does not break up until 10:30 PM . * * ( * OUJDA-Sb.IDIA-OUJDA, JULY 9, 1943- -General Clark ' s day starts with an over the breakfast conference with Major General Gillem, chief of the U.S. Armored . 1 Forces. General Gillem is at the Fifth ~vmy u6dmmander s villa at 7:40 PM and the two generals chat over breakfast, discussing for the most part all aspects of the global war, particularly as they involve armored divisions . General Gillem yesterday inspected the First Armored Division which is part of General Clark's Fifth Army. At 8:20, General Clark takes General Gillem to his office and at 8:JO he escorts him into the cou-tyard where the Fifth Army honor guard is drawn up to pay the armored chief his honors . Afterward, General Gillem, accompanied by General Lewis, is taken to Oujda airport where he takes off for Oran in General Clark 1 s C-47. At 9:15, General Clark leaves for Saidia with.General Holmes. The two generals fly up in Piper Cubs. General Holmes, after having reports on the charms of Siadia from Mr. Murphy, has been most eager to visit the Fifth Army Recreation Center . General Clark returns to headquarters at 1:15 PM and after checking over urgent papers goes to his villa for lunch. He has Captain Gillespie, his Cub pilot, as his guest . The Fifth Army Commanderspends a varied afternoon . Six new second lieutenants, four of them out of the Fifth rmy Airborne Training Center, come in to be congratulated and have their pictures taken with General Clark . The Fifth Army Commanderalso confers with General Wilbur concerning two matters--1, improvement of Fifth .!~rmy training and to arrange for a trip that the general is to make to morrow to the Leadership and Battle Tr r..ining Center at Slissen . General Clark also spends part of the late afternoon in the War Roomwhore he, General Gruenther and Colonel Brann go over various planning phases of operation BRIMST . O NE Colonels Brann and SUllivan and Major Nygaard are the general at his villa. * * * 1 s dinne:r guests �( OUJDA-SLISSEN-SIDI ABBES-OUJDA-JULY 1943. BEL 10, The great news of the day is the commencement the combined Americanof British attack from bases or operation in North Af'rica against the Italian island of' Sicily. News in detail does not arrive, but we learn by the radio that the attack commenced 0300 hours. The General is awaiting informaat tion in detail as to the progress of this most important operation. At 0830 hours General Clark leaves his headquarters for the small field next to the Special Troops camp and takes off with captain Gillespie in the Oub plane for the Leadership and Battle Training Center near Slissen. Upon a.rriTal he is greeted by General Wilbur and Co~onel Loef' and shortly' there• after the General addresses the assembled officers and men, both instructors and students, of the Training Center. The General tells them that he is going to speak to them in a serious vein, and there is no question but that he means it, tor it is apparent from the tone of his voice. He promises his audience that they will soon be in combat, as are the men who are attacking Sicily this very morning. He tells them that much will be expected or them, pe.rticularly of the officers. ( Arter a brief' inspection, the General takes off again, and Captain Gil• lespie !"lies him to the airport at Sidi Bel Abbes where he is met by Colonel Colle, the Commanding Officer of the airfield; Colonel Vias, Commandant d 1Armes de Sidi Bel Abbas; Lieutenant Colonel Brisset, Executive Officer to Colonel Vias. Captain Byles and Lieutenant Chandler are also at the f'ield to greet the General, having flown directly from Les Ange.desin the C-61a Fairchild low-horsepower monoplane which has recently been assigned to the General's use. The General is rendered honors by- a small guard of French Aviators under the command Lieutenants Vanier and Vincent. Also at the f ield is Lieuteof ~ nant Colonel Dunbar, the Commanding Officer of the 64th station Hospital at (Al(~ ~ -- \..__ ~ Sidi Bel Abbas. The General is going to visit the hospital later in the day. ,t: a Fi:rth Army unit, and the General has before expressed his ""' desire to see it. • General Clark, Captains Byles and Gillespie and Lieutenant Chandler mount in French oars which have been 'trought to the airport by the French of'f'icers before mentioned and drive straight to the Reunion des Of'ficiers de la Legion Etrangere (Foreign Legion Of'f'icers' Mess) whe,.-e, with Lieutenant Colonel Dunbar, they are tendered a very delicious luncheon. This over, the party, still e-soorted by three motorey-cle MP's from a platoon or Companyc, 101st MPBn., whose headquarters are at Fifth JJ:rriy, proceeds through Sidi Bel Abbas to the garrison or the Foreign Legion. A guard of honor is drawn up just behind the great iron gate which forms the entrance to the barracks area. The guard salutes the General, who inspects it briefiy and then passes on to take the honors rendered by the Foreign Legion Band. This organiza• tion of 100 pieces is one of the most famous military bands in the world. It is extraordinary for North Af'rioa in that it can play not only the martial music which one hears played by native Moroccan and Algerian bands but, being made up of European soldiers who can read music, it can also play, and �53 does play beautifully, all kinds of classical selections. After rendering the star Spangled Banner and the Marseillaise, the band breaks into a cheerf'ul melody which it has learned f"romone or the be.nds of the 13th Field Artillery Brigade•-the first American military organization to be stationed in the vicinity of Sidi Bel Abbes. Following the American eus• tom, the Legionnaires play, sing and whistle the melody of this selection. In sudden contrast, and after a brief pause, the band plays the march or the legion. While this march is played, the leader of the be.nd proper and the leader or the attached bugle, fif'e and drum corps do an about face and stand at attention, looking directly toward the General, as their leader• ship is not needed by the musicians for this music so 1f8ll lmown to them. ( ( I At the conclusion of the march, the General is escorted to the battle monwnent of the legion--a large stone globe, upon which is engraved a map of the world and marked in gold upon the map the places where the French Foreign Legion bas fought since its inception 112 years ago. The stone ball rests upon a great flat granite slab, at each of the four corners of which stands the figure or a Legionnaire in uniforms appropriate to different epochs of the legion's existence. Leaving the monument, the General is led by a Legionnaire Sergeant interpreter, Rosenberg by name, to the museumof the legion. Here, in rooms lovingly ca.red for, the General sees countless souvenirs and mementos of past actions of the legion. We see enemy weapons in the form of muskets, rifles, swords, lmives, daggers, spears; in fact, eJ'18ry conceivable type of hand weapon used by European and Aboriginal enemies against which the legion has fought. Captm-ed battle flags are there, as are also several standards of the legion, heavy with the honors which are inscribed upon them. The walls are covered with pictm-es--both paintings and photographs, or of'f'icers who have distinguished themselves by their bravery or who have fallen in battle. , In one room the General picks out the photographs of two French offi• cers whomhe lmows--r..teneral Giraud, under whom,rarious regiments of the legion have served, and Colonel Girard, who is at the present time residing in Oujda as a retired officer of the legion. In one room we see a captured Nazi swastika flag and several Italian f'lags taken by the legion in the recent Tunisian campaign. Outside in the garden we see the tomb of an American--a native of San Francisco, who served for ten years in the legion, after which he returned to his native land. He stipulated in his will that he be cremated and his ashes carried to the garrison at Sidi Bel Abbes for burial. His wishes were carried out, and his tomb may be seen today in the garden in front of' the legion museum.Before leaving the garrison, honors were again rendered to the General by the band and by the guard. The General shook hands ri th his Sergeant guide who, by the way, has painted many beautiful portraits of typical le- gionnaires dressed in · costWttes appropriate to the times in which they served. The General also shook hands with the non-commissioned officer who acts as curator of the museum. He then mounted in his car, with the rest of his party, and proceeded to the 64th station Hospital which he inspected. Pass• ing through the various rooms, he speaks a word of encouragement to patients and expresses to Lieutenant Colonel Dunbar his admiration for the excellent appearance of the hospital. Saying goodbye to Colonel Dunbar at the gate or the hospital, General Clark, Captain Byles and the two pilots are driven out �54 to the airport by Colonel Vias, who has accompanied the General through his inspection tour or the hospital, and the General italces oft in the C-61 at about 14.30. As soon as he has left the ground, Captain Gillespie and Captain Byles take off' in the Cub. The Cub is a slower plane, but Captain Gillespie seems to know his way better, for the Cub beats the 0-61 to Oujda, and Captains Gillespie and Byles are at the headquarters to greet the General when he returns. Back in his office, the General confers with various officers of his staff' throughout the rest of the afternoon. He says goodbye to Lt. Col. Sutherland, Chief of the Liaison Section, who is going on a secret mission to Algiers. The General dines alone. * * * OUJDA•-JULY 1943--General Clark spends the first part of the morning 11, going aver papers in his office and conferring with the Chief ot sta:f:f'. At 1030 he flies to Sa.idia where be swims and bas lunch. Captain Gillespie, his pilot, is the only one with him. ( He returns to Headquarters at 1600, and at 1630 a guard of honor is held tor Rear Admiral Peters, Royal Navy. Generals Clark and Gruenther and Rear Admiral Peters confer in the General's office until 1730, when they adjourn to the map room for half an hour. Returning to General Clark's office, General Clark and Admiral Peters confer alone for a short time, after which General Clark goes to his villa and Admiral Peters is taken for a short tour of the town by Colonel Saltzman. Dinner is at 1900, and the General has as his guests Admiral Peters, General Gruenther and Colonel Saltzman. * * * OU'JDA-•JULY 1943-•Admiral Peters leaves the Headquarters at 08.30, and 12, at 0900 a guard of .honor is held for Brigadier Generals Philip E. Brown and Howard McC. Snyder, AUS. Immediately following the guard of honor, a conference is held in the Commanding General's office, attended by the Generals afore-mentioned and General Gruenther, Colonel Eugene L. Miller, IGD, who has accompanied Generals Brown and Snyder, and Colonel Avery, the Chief of the IG Section, Fifth Army Headquarters. The principal topic of discussion was that of the distribution or manpoweras between SOS installations and combat units. An investigation bad been instigated by the War Department into this subject, and Generals Brown and Snyder and Colonel Miller are pursuing the investigation in this theater. It is the opinion of the Commanding General that the num• ber of men assigned to the service of supply units in this theater is not excessive, as compared to those assigned to comhlt units. However, the Commanding General feels that there are a good many individual cases, officers in particular, of excess personnel stationed at the Base Sections. 7 �55 General Clark lunches alone and works on papers in his office until 1430, when a guard of honor is held for General de Division Gourion, who commandsthe French Military Division of Oran. The General spends a few minutes chatting with General Gourion in his office. At 1530 hours the General holds a conference with Colonel Mickel• wa.ite, the Arrr(7 Judge Advocs.te. Inunediately thereafter, a conference takes place in the Genera.l's office, attended by Lt. Col. Dewey, NATOUSA, Theater Venereal Disease the Consultant; Colonel Martin, Fifth ArmySurgeon; Lt. Col. Bruce, his Exe• cutive; the Chief of Staff and the ConnnandingGeneral. Colonel Dewey presents a report on the venereal disease situation, considering the theater as a whole, and Colonel Martin reports upon the venereal disease situation within the Fifth Army area. General Clark expresses satisfaction upon both reports. At 1645 a guard of honor is held for Major General Gruenther, and the CommandingGeneral pins the Distinguished Service Medal upon his breast. The Medal has been awarded General Gruenther in connection with his activities in the Torch Operation. The citation reads as follows: "Major General Alfred M. Gruenther, Arnry of the United States. Far exceptionally meritorious service in a position of great responsibility. From the initial planning of the landings in North Africa tmtil his ap• pointment as Chief of Staff, Fifth Army, General Gruenther served as Deputy Chief of staff, Allied Force Headquarters. He displayed ability to cope with great masses or detail and preserved an unrurned cs.lm in the f'aee of' exceptional difficulties, lifting those associated with him above themselves. His unselfish devotion to duty was an inspiration to all his associates and contributed markedly to the success of' the Allied Force. Entered United States Military Acs.demyfrom Nebraska." Innnediately after the ceremony a cocktail party in General Gruenther 1 s honor is held at General Clark's villa. About twenty-five persons attend. General Clark dines with Colonel Saltzman. Two days have passed since the commencementof' the British-Canadian• Americs.n attack upon Sicily, and w few facts emerge as yet. Such facts as we do have come from radio sitreps. Syracuse was occupied by troops of the Eighth Army at 2100B hours, 10 July. Preliminary reports indicate that little damage had been done to installations in the city which will be required byus. The line held by the British and Canadians appears to run from Priolo on the north, southwestward through Cassible, Avola, Noto, Rossolini, Ispica and Pazzalo. Considerably less news comes through concerning the Seventh Army, although a report as of 1600B, 11 July, states that all beachheads have been firmly secm-ed by the Seventh and Eighth Armies and that good progress has been made. Italian morale is said to be low and civil population mainly friendly and cooperative. �OUJDA--JULY 1943--~ews of Sicily: 1.3, As of 1600B, 12 July, Sitreps state that good progress has been made on all fronts and enemy defence still appears to lack cohesion. More specifically, the Eighth Army holds a line from Priola on the north running southwest to include Floridia, Canoattini, Rossolini and Ispaca; thence running northwest to Ragusa, where the 1st Canadian Division effeoted a junction with the 45th American Division. The 45th has taken Vittoria and Comiso. The 1st American Division, after heavy fighting, is established in the Gela area and has also captured Ponte Olivo airfield and has proceeded north to a point two miles south of Nisoemi. The .3rd American Division holds Licata further west along the 80Uth coast and has penetrated as far north as Naro and Campobello. 2nd Armored Division and 18 R.T.C. are held in reserve five miles east of Gela. An advance CP, 82nd A.B. Division has been set up; the division itself is not mentioned. Unloading proceeding on all beaches but not as fast as de• sired because or heavy swell. Seventh Arrt.ryHq. is still at sea on board a U. s. warship. The General spent the greater part of the day working on papers in his office. General Wilson, the Commanding General or MBS,made a brief and unexpected visit at Headquarters just after lunch. In an informal ceremony in General Clark's office, General Clark had the pleasure of pinning the Legion of Merit ribbon on General Wilson's chest. General Wilson had recently been awarded the Legion of Merit for his outstanding work in organizing the Atlantic Base Section. At 2115 hours a torchlight parade in celebration of Bastille Eve, which had formed at CampRoze, marched down the road and stopped in front of General Clark's villa. General Clark was in front of his villa to greet the marchers. The band of the 4th Regiment of Moroccan Riflemen played the Star Spangled Banner, after which General Clark thanked Captain Morere, who was in charge of the parade, and the marchers moved on with torches burning and band playing. ( * * * OUJDA--JULY 1943•-General Cl.a participated in ceremony arranged by the 14, ,rk local French authorities to celebrate the anniversary or the fall of the Bastille. At 0920 hours he lef't his Headquarters, accompanied by General Gruenther, Colonel Saltzman, General Beucler, the Commanding Officer of the Military Sub-Division of Oujda, and his Chief of Starr, Lt. Col. Herckel. Arriving at the Place Clemenceau, General Clark and the officers before named inspected French and American foot troops drawn up along the north side of the Avenue de France. Comingback to the reviewing stand, General Clark watched the march past of a Motorized French Infantry Regiment and Artillery Battalion. These units were completely equipped with American clothing and material. After the parade, the party went to the Hotel de Region where, as the guests of M. Bouyssi, aperitifs were taken. . ( J In the afternoon the General went to Saidia, taking with him a number of the officers of his Headquarters. .. �57 No war news or importance to report during the past 24 hours. It is, however, learned that as of 16o0 hours, 13 July, a total or 8,761 prisoners have been evacuated from the Seventh Army sector and that a total of 1,J6o casualties had been suffered up to 1000 hours, 12 July. * ( * * OUJDA--J'ULY 1943--The greater psrt of General Clark's day was taken up 15, in conferences with General Juin, the Commanding General of the French Expeditionary Corps. General Juin, with an aide and Colonel Cheriere, his G-3, arrived at the Oujda airport at mid morning, where the General was rendered honors by a Freneh guard. Coming to Fifth A:rnry Headquarters, honors were again rendered to the General, and he inmtediatelywent into conference with General Clark until lunoh time. Amongthe subjects under discussion were the Spanish Moroccan problem. An agreement was reached that the French divisions or the French Expeditionary Corps should be, and would be, taken into consideration in connection with any operations in• volving Spanish Morocco. It was submitted by General Clark that plans should be mde now. General Juin agreed, and his G-3 will immediately begin to mke the necessary plans. It was further agreed that there should be an exchange or liaison of:ficers between the Headquarters of the Fifth Amr:, and General Juin•s Headquarters, looking toward future operations. It was decided that in the future all movements or French troops into the Fifth Army area would be coordinated in advance between the French and this Headquarters. The training schedule ~, t.JmF ;;l f;.t JJ Ii J C I • for personnel of the French Expeditionary Corps at the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center was discussed. General Clark had as his guests for luncheon at his villa: General Juin, General Gruenther, General Kingman, General Beucler, Colonel Saltzman, Colonel Cheriere and Colonel Chevillon, the latter being the Chief or the French Liaison Mission at this Headquarters. Informl discussion was conducted for some time after lunch, and General Juin departed from the Headquarters at about 1500 hours. The 29th Airborne Replacement Battalion wa.s alerted this afternoon to move east immediately. It is anticipated that they will move in trucks, beginning tomorrow afternoon. Sicily: No news of importance. * * * OUJDA-•JULY 194.3-General Clark was in conference in the morning with 16, his Chief of Staff and with such members or his planning group on Operation BRIMSTONE were on duty at this headquarters. as It was brought out that the Sicilian operation is proceeding with a large measure of success and that the possibility at least exists (to what degree is not known) that Operation BRIMSTONE not be executed by Fifth Arrrry but be assigned to will a lesser force. Planning on BRIMSTO~lE continue. However, it is will necessary to connneneeimmediately to make an alternative plan for Operation GANGWAY. This plan must be ready for submission by 1 August. In general, the Operation GANGWAY for the landing of the Fifth Army at Naples at calls �such time as Allied Forces have fought their way northward from the toe of the Italian boot to and including that port . The landing would not be, therefore, as far as Fifth Army is concerned, an assault operation . The Gangwayplan is outlined in a letter, dated 16 July 1943, from AFHQ Comto manding General, Fifth Army as follows: , "l . Plans are being developed to exploit into the mainland of ITALY should the situation so permit . In the event of an allied landing in the Toe of ITALYand it becomes possible to capture NAPLFS an overland ad• by vance , it will be necessary immediately to reinforce Allied Forces through that port . In this case operation BRIMSTONE at present being planned by as you would not be put into effect, instead, Fifth Army with 6th Corps under , command, would be used to support Italian mainland operations through NAPLES. "2. This operation would be carried out under the commandof the 15th Group. However certain advance information is required by AFHQto fa cilitate movement planning. For this reason it is directed that you initiate planning which will enable you to .furnish this headquarters with the priori ties of desired movement into the NAPLESarea . This data should name units and include numbers of personnel , vehicles and stores by tonnages . Army "3. Planning indicated above should be based on the following assumptions: .!• ( That it will not be necessary to make a seaborne assault on the NAPLESarea . · R• That bulk loaded shipping will be employed. ,g. That on arrival in NAPLES Fifth Army must be prepared , under orders of 15th Army Group, to defend the port and airfields in that area and, if required , to undertake offensive operations . "4. It is directed that the data requested this headquarters by 1 August 1943." in paragraph 2 be furnished In the afternoon a broadcast was made by the President and Prime Minister Churchill to .the Italian people in which the proposition was made to them to throv.r out Mussolini and his government and to arrive at a separate peace with the United Nations . Sitrep reports do not indicate any material changes in the Sicilian pictin-e . The news is apparently being deliberately held back. 2nd Lieut . :Edwardw. Kennedy of the 29th Airborne Replacement Battalion received the Soldier ' s Medal from the hands' of the Commanding General, who, taking the initiative , awarded the medal to Kennedy without awaiting the action of his board. Lieut . Kennedy's bravery in going into a very heavy surf and undertow at Saidia on 11 July 1943 in an heroic but futile attempt to save the life of a drovming French soldier resulted in this award. The 29th Airborne Replacement Battalion left its area today for the east. �59 ( OUJDA--JULY 1943--The following cable message, attributed 17, Nogues, arrived this morning by way of Gibraltar: to General "To: CG, Fifth A:nny. Ileeler to French Liaison Off'icer Resident Lisbon who is under orders (ord tts?) from Second Bureau Algiers Nogues makes following statement for Strong: 1Have received call from British journalist who states Paris papers all allege I have expressed desire to return France and this is under advisement by French and German governments. I asked him to make formal denial and re~uest Algiers government to do likewise or authorize me to issue personal denial. I maintain adherence to Algiers government and will return France in wake of victorious Allied Armies. I request you inform Colonel Solborg for communication to his government that I had no dealings whatever with Vichy since November accord; that I will return France only to help chase the Boche away or af'ter he has cleared out.• (This message may interest General Clark)." It is not clear just how this message was sent. Probably it was directed by Nogues to the French Liaison Officer at Lisbon, who sent it on to Colonel Solborg. Passing through Gibraltar, it was picked up there as a matter of interest to General Clark and forwarded to his Headquarters. ( Lieut. Puaux, the son of the French High Commissioner of Morocco, and now assigned to the French Mission of Liaison at Fifth Arrrq Headquarters, brought back a message from his father for General Clark. With Major Ridgway Knight, Acting Chief of the Liaison Section, acting as interpreter, Lieut. Puaux told General Clark that his father regretted very much having already appointed M., Brunel to replace M. Bouyssi as Chief or the Region or Oujda. Certainly, he would not have appointed M. Brunel had he known about him then what he knows now. However, continued Lieut. Puau:x:, speaking for his father, he would prefer leaving him in office now that the appointment had actually been made. General Clark agreed to this but pointed out that should M. Brunel make a false move he, General Clark, would have no alternative but to request his removal from office. Lieut. Pua.me replied that his father quite understood that this must be so. General Clark then called into his office Colonel Chevillon, the Chief' or the French Mission or Liaison at this Headquarters, and with 'Major Ridgway Knight again acting as interpreter, explained clearly to Colonel Chevillon that he did not mean to act over his head in calling Lieut. Puau:x: to in confer with him privately. General Clark explained that there was an understanding between himself and the High Commissioner that certain matters of special political and non-military importance would be taken up between them through the intermediation of Lieut. Puaux. Colonel Chevillon stated that he quite understood the situation and that he was in no wa:y offended. The meeting ended, as it had been conducted, on a very friendly note. Other than the two interviews was or a routine nature. just described, General Clark's morning About the middle of the afternoon, the General flew to Saidia in the Cub. He spent the afternoon on the beach and took supper at his .villa with General Gruenther, Colonel Saltzman and Colonel John Haskell, Deputy Chief, Civil Affairs Section, War Department, who at the present time is on temporary duty at this theater. �The war ma.pof Sicily shows that the America.n-British-Ganadian attack upon the southeastern end of the island has thus far yielded results as follows: Beginning at a point about 5 miles south of Catania, the southeastern coastline has been occupied by our forces as far west as Marina. di Palma. We have penetrated inland to a line running from the above-mentioned point south of Catania, thence westward to include the tovms of Scordia, Millitelo, Caltagirone, Barrafranca, Riesi, Somma.tino, Cannica.tti and thence southward to the sea at Marina di Palma. The dividing line between the Seventh and Eighth Armies runs in a southeasterly direction from Caltagirone to a point just west of Pozzallo. Very little official news is coming in. Such as has come in states that progress continues to be good. * * * OUJDA-ORAN-AIN-EL-TURCK-OUJDA-•JULY 18, 1943--At the invitation of Admiral A.G. Kirk, U. s. Navy, Generals Clark and Gruenther flew to Oran today and lunched on board Admiral Kirk's ship, the U. s. s. Anoon. Admiral Kirk commanded Task Force 85 in support of the 45th Division in Operation HUSKY, and Generals Clark and Gruenther were much interested in discussing the operation with Admiral Kirk. It appears that Admiral Kirk may be called back to the United States. General Clark feels this to be a very foolish move and hopes that the Admiral will remain in this theater where his valuable ex.pa• rienee may be used in the next operation. ( In the afternoon, General Clark and General Gruenther went to General Wilson's villa at Ain el Turck where they had a swim and visited for a while with the Commanding General of the Mediterranean Base Section. General Clark and his Chief of Staff returned to Oujda from Oran in the late afternoon in the C-47. * * * OUJDA--JULY 1943--This was a routine day in the office for General Clark 19, with the exception of an honor guard in the afternoon for Warrant Officer Ewing and his ,17th Field Artillery Band, which has been playing for Headquarters Fifth Amr:, since shortly after its activation. The 17th Field Artillery, to which the band belongs, is a pa.rt of the 13th Field Artillery Brigade and is now engaged in the Sicilian operation. The regiment called for .the band for operational purposes, and the Commander-tn-Chief granted its request. It is with signal regret that General Clark and all other members of the Fifth ArmyHeadquarters see this band depart. It had taken part in numerous ceremonies and guards of honor and had always been a credit to the ArmyHeadquarters, not only i''rom the point of view of its playing ability but from the point of view of its appearance and discipline, both of which were excellent. Mr. Ewing reviewed the guard of honor with General Clark, and Colonel Bertholf , Adjutant General, then re~d a COtru\'lendation. The commendation was in the following words: "At the time of your departure from Headquarters Fifth A:rnr:,, I wish to commendyou and each individual member of your band for your excellent spirit of cooperation, your attitude of diligence and loyalty, your fine standard of �Col discipline, and your superior qualities of musicianship. Your service with this headquarters has provided a fine example of soldierly attributes, and has earned for yourself and your men the respect and gratitude of this command.," Orders were issued today moving the 36th Division, less two regimental combat teams previously moved from its present location vicinity of Rabat to vicinity of Arzew. * ( * * OUJDA-RES-EL-MA-BEKRIT--JULY 20, 1943-•'l'oday a memorandum was sent by the Chief of Staff to G-3, AFH, in reply to AFHQ memorandum for the Commanding General, Firth Amr:,, dated 13 July 1943, subject, "Responsibility for Am• phibious Training". The 13 July memorandum contained a proposed memorandum for the Chief of Staff, Allied Force, concerning this subject and a proposed directive to be sent by the Commander-in-Chief to the Commanding General, Fifth Army, if the memorandum approved . General Gruenther's memorandum is to G-3 of today's date states that General Clark has reviewed the proposed directive and agrees with it in principle. Certain minor changes are recommended with a view to clarification. If the directive, in its amended form, is issued, the Invasion Training Center will continue to function as it is now .functioning until such time as the Navy is able to assemble such personnel as will be necessary to conduct their part of: amphibious training. Such training will be training for those parts o.f an amphibious operation for which the Navy is itself directly responsible; such as landing assault and f oll ow-up troops on designated beaches, maintenance of communication from ship to shore and~ shore to ship from the moment the landing of: leading elements is effect , and other tasks of a similar nature. When the Navy is able to commencethis training, the mission of the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center will then be limited to training for those parts of an amphibious operation which are the direct responsibility of the land forces; such as providing facilities for unit training other than amphibious and coordination of their use, training or engineer shore and engineer combat personnel in removal of beach and under-water obstacles, and many other phases. Thus the struggle between General Clark and the Navy over the destinies of the Fifth Army Invasion Training Center appears to be swinging in favor of the General . l ) j I At 0800 ho~s the General took off in the C-47 for Ras-al-Ma. He was accompanied by Colonel King of the Air Office, the most enthusiastic fisherman of Headquarters Firth Amr:,. They proceeded in the ~ ckard from Ras-el-Ma to Azrou, which is about 50 miles south of Fez. Awaiting the General at ~ Az"'o " were Captain Byles with Chaney and a party of the General's enlisted personnel · in vehicles. Shortly thereafter General Dawley arrived in his car. The whole group then proceeded some 40 miles further south into the mountains to Bekrit where camp., was made, and Generals Clark and Dawley and Colonel King immediately commencedfishing in the mountain stream that ran close by the tents. General Dawley proved himself to be the master fisherman he is by catching a large mess of fine trout. Colonel King caught a few, but we regret to state that the Commanding General, Fifth Army, brought back an empty basket. The party �\ enjoyed fried fish, cooked by Sergeant Chaney, for dinner and slept out under the stars. A radio truck had accompanied the party, and the General received word from General Gruenther that orders had been received from AFHQ cease planning on Operation BRIM$"l'ONE. to * * * BEKRIT-fil:S-EL-MA-OUJDA- 21, 194.3--Rising early, General Clark made ..JULY another brief' attempt to better his luck of the night before but was without success. He and Colonel King and General Dawley then departed. The General drove to Res-el-Ma, stopping off at the Air Corps Rest Hotel at Ifrane for a short time to look it over . This is a large and comfortable resort hotel in the mountains south of Fez. About 70 Air Corps officers are resting up there at the present time. An officer stays on the average from 5 to 10 days, depending on his needs. Flying back to Otijda, the General got back to his Headquarters at about ]400 hours and spent the rest of the afternoon in catching up on routine work. * ( * * OUJDA--JULY 1943-•Important visitors at Firth Army Headquarters today 22, included Brigadier General William J . Donovan Director of Strategic Ser, vices, who is on his way back to the United States after taking part in 11 Operation HUSKY. General Donova landed on nn Day and remained until n D / 10. Brigadier General Elliott, the new Chief Engineer, AFHQ,also arrived at the Headquarters, his mission being to find out in what ways he can be most useful to Fifth Army. He is also interested in the possibility of developing an Engineer Replacement Training Center to be under Firth Army control. The third disti nguished guest was Brigadier General Wedemeyer, a member of General Yiarshall Is staff. General Wedemeyerhad been here bef oro on June 3oth on his way to Algiers, and he is now returning to the United States. General Clark had the three foregoing general officers and General Gruenther at his villa for dinner. At 1700 hours, in a ceremony in front ·of the Officers' Club at Camp Roze, the French Army camp in Oujda, General Clark, to his complete and utter surprise, was awarded the Legion of Honor Degree of Commander,his old friend General Beucler hanging the ribbon and medal around his neck. General Clark had been fooled by his Chief of Staff into going to the ceremony, thinking that he was merely to be present at the decoration of a French sergeant for bravery. The French sergeant was, however, a fictitious character created by General Gruenther and Colonel Saltzman, and after reviewing an American and French guard of honor, General Clark hi mself received the award of the Legion of Honor. The band which played at the cere m ony was the 142nd Infantry band just arrived at this headquarters to replace the 17th FA Band. ( With planning on Operation BRIMSTONE an end, and with Operation GANGat WAY the offi ng, a second possible operation is now i n the wind. No direcin tive has as yet been received on it, but it is believed that it will consist of a blow at the heel of the Italian peninsula made by the Fifth Army and would, therefore, consist of an actual assault operation and presents a more �exciting picture than Ope at i on GANGW which consists of a mere landing r A Y, .at NAPLES after the city has been ma.desecure by other troops . * * * OUJDA--JULY 1943-•News from the Sicilian front continues to be good. 23, Rapid progress has been made by the Seventh Army and the left fJAnk of , the Eighth A:rnry has also made substantial advance~ . The only front upon w hich the Allied Forces have been held up is just south of Catania, where German troops are putting up bitter resistance to th e advance of the Eighth Army. The northern coastline, on both sides o n.~ltr,.,.P. ~f ~ ity Palermo to as far as Termini on the east and Cast ellammare~ana the city of Palermo itself , are in the bands of the Seventh Army The Headquar. ters of the Provisional Corps which, with II Corps, makes up the Seventh A rmy, is located in Palermo itself . A small western tip of the isJAnd still remains in Italian hands , but it is expected that the Amerioons wil l soon have it , including the port city of Trapani . Additiona:l information reached this Headquarters today from Colonel \ Kammerer the head of our Planning Group who is now stationed in Algiers , , concerning Operation mJSKETwhich will be given to Fifth Arnry as an al, 1/ ternative plan to Operation GANGWAY. troop , list , dated 20 July , indi• A cates that Fifth Army will have VI Corps, made up of the 34th, 36th and 9th Infantry Divisions and the 1st Armored Division . In round numbers there would be a force or 1111 000 combat troops, 25, 000 service troops and 19,000 SOS troops , a grand total of 15&;000. A letter , dated 21 July , from Kanunerer to Brann gives as much advance dope on the operation as Kam• merer has been able to gather in Algiers. It will be a ship -to shore operation . Plans must be ready by August 15. The operation would take place on or before the first week in October . Weather conditions would , make it highly dangerous afterwards. The territory taken would be the 1 heel or Italy east of a line Taranto-Bari. Ka.nunererestimates that Opera- I tion MUSKET will be used if the Germans continue to put up strong resis' tance in Italy even after the conclusion of Operation HUSKY If, however, . German opposition should be weak after Operation HUSKY, then in all probability GANGWAY be used rather than MUSKET.The time element is most will important as far as MUSKET concerned . It will be practicable only if is Operation BUM.'RESS so successful • that Operation GOBLET is either is not necessary at all or, if necessary, can be carried out at _an advanced date and upon a reduced scale . I n other words, the Crotone area, and its air fields , must be available t o Allied Forces before MUSKET be successcan fully mounted. It may be possible to reach the Crotone area overland after Operation BUTTRESSor it may be possible to take the Crot one area very , soon after Operation BUTTRESS with small naval landing parties, thus enabling Fifth Army to carry out MUSKET the first week in October . The by first prime objective would be the city and port of Taranto. Gallipoli would be a second choice. General Clark entertained about 30 guests at his villa in tri_e JAte afternoon. The party was in honor of the cast of a Red Cross show called "As You Were", which is touring North Africa . In the evening the Connnanding General, with a number of his staff officers and General Beucler as his �guests, attended the performance, which was in the nature of a variety show. The big number in the show was a Truth and Consequences sketch much appreciated by the audience. General Clark received a telegram from General Ma.cFarlane, Chief of Gibraltar, stating how sorry he was that he was unable to come to Oujda at the conclusion of -his visit today with M. Puaux at Rabat. He mentions the fact that he had a very fine reception, not only from M. Pua.me, but from General Dawley and "the very fine Texas guard of honor". * * * OUJDA-•JULY 1943--At 0800 hours General Clark took off in the Cub 24, plane for the Leadership and Battle Training Center- at Slissen. He was accompanied by Brigadier General Elliott, who rode in a second Cub. Arrivi .ng at approximately 0900 hours, a program lasting until 1150 hours was put on for the two Generals . The program consisted of "crack and thumptt, infantry moving forward under artillery fire, terrain utilization and battle drill. General Clark was back at his headquarters at ap• proximately 1300 hours. ( A letter from General Clark to General Dawley was dispatched today dealing with the subject of the training being conducted in preparation for the next operation. The General outlined the purpose and methods of the Invasion Training Center, the Leadership and Battle Training Center and the training for "special operations". He stated that great emphasis will be placed on the hardening of troops not only at the LBTCbut also at ITC and during special operations training. Referring to physical hardening, General Clar k stated "I consider this of paramount importance." The General also referred specifically to the 34th Division, and he de• sires that General Dawley check with General Ryder as soon as the Division comes under VI Corps control to see to it that these troops are given refresher training on basic subjects, with particular emphasis on night patrolling, camouflage and cover, digging in under enemy fire, placing and removing mines and protection against air. Reviewing in his own mind the prospective operations which may be assigned to the Fifth Army, namely Operation GANGWAY Operation MUSKET, and the General is not completely satisfied in looking forward to either operation. He feels that Operation MUSKET will require the hardest kind of fighting, under conditions which are sure to be difficult and bloody and in which our troops would certainly be faced with heavy opposition from German troops known to be located in the MUSKET area. Beach fighting would result, of a violent type which American troops have not yet been called upon to face. As far as GANGWAY concerned, the General feels that after is arr val at NAPLES Fifth Army would be forced to remain stationary while the British troops,who had preceded them there in other operations,would continue the active fighting in the march northward upon ROME. Sizing the whole affair up as it now appears to him from information available, the General feels that either Operation GANGWAYOperation MUSKET prefer- or is able to remaining in the static condition in the present Fifth Army area. Of the two operations, General Clark would prefer being assigned MUSKET �because, uncertain and hazardous though it is, it would give him the opportunit y for the first time of putting his Anny into combat to gain the vi ctories and honors which he feels rightfully belong t o it. Referring to the first paragraph of today ' s diary, it should be mentioned that General Clark actually participated in two phases of the battle inoculation ; namely, the "crrack and thump" where he was under the close fire of enemy weapons which he sought to identify by the sound of the weapon and the sound of the bullet as it struck, and he 1!mS moved forward with a squad of ini'antry under actual art llery fire. A number of casualties have been incurred at the LBTC,particularly in connection with the artillery concentration . Fortunately, however, no casual ty took place while the Commanding General was taking part in this very hazardous exercise . * * * 0UJD A--JULY 25, 1943--General Clark received in his office today Lt. Col. Preclaire, who is sent to this Headquarters from French Headquarters at Algiers to replace Colonel Bonvalot. Colonel Bonvalot is taking a regiment. Lt. Col. Preclaire's duties at this Headquarters will be to head up the French Rearmament Section. ( General Clark replied today to a letter of General Eisenhower's of July 22. He thanks the Commander-in-Chief for his consideration in recommending Colonel Brann, Fifth A:nrry G-J, for Brigadier General . He states that he does not , at the present ti m desire Colonel Trimble Brovm as a e, Regimental Commander but states that he prefers to leave him at the Fifth Army Invasion Train ng Center . General Clark flFther states to the Commander-in-Ch ef that he is ready , at a moment s notice , to relieve himself of .1 present administrative requirements, such as the Training Centers, the reequipping and training of French units, the Replacement Depots and his relationships with the residency at Morocco. All of these duties could be turned over at once to NAT0USA sos. General Clark closes by saying or that he hopes that the Commanderin -Chief will be able to give him, at an early date, an indication of Fifth Army prospects. -News was Mussolini had the . actual as had appointed received resigned well as Marshal * over the British radio at 2300 hours that Premier , that King Victor Emmanuelis at the present time the theoretical head of the government and that he Bagdolio as his executive . * * 0UJDA-•JTJLY 1943-..r..reneral Spaulding, Chief of the Liaison Section , 26, AFHQ,arrived at the Headquarters this morning, was received by a guard of honor and had a brief interview with Gene al Clark. Besides his liaison duties, he is senior American member of the Joint Rearmament Commiss·on. He conferred with General Kingma , Head of the Fifth Army French Training n Section, and tomorrow they expect to make a trip west to review the French rearmament question. �Also received at the Headquarters was Rear Admiral John L. Hall , Jr. , avy, Command u. s. Amphibious Forces, Northwest frican Waters. ng He was accompanied by Captain M. L. Lewis, who will remain here as Naval Liaison Officer between General Clark and Admiral Hall, and Captains E. H. Von Heimberg and· W. C. Ansell. After a guard of honor for Admiral Hall , he and General Clark spent t he rest or the morning with certain oft eir staff officers in discussing n very general terms the division of the training responsibilities at the Invasion Training Center between the Navy and the Fifth A:rmy. The directive inally establishing the spheres of responsibility of the rmy and the i avy has not yet been issued in final form. It appears , however, that where the Navy will be responsible for the carrying out of a certain action in an amphibious operation, it will also be responsible for training for that action. Likewise, the rmy-1 s responsibility for training will depend upon its responsibility for the accomplishment of spec fie portions of an amphibious operation. General Clark is satisfied that he and Admiral Hall will be able to work very well together . The General has ·some doubt in his mind, hov,ever, concerning Vice Admiral H.K. Hewitt, Commanderof aval Forces , orthwest African Waters, and oes not feel nearly as happy about the possibility of cooperating with him" u. s. ( I The General sent two letters to General Giraud today, one of which thanked General Giraud for the Legion of Honor Degree of Commander which was conferred upon General Clark recentlyo The other letter expressed the desire or the Fifth Arrf.T',f Commanderto establish a French Training Center to 1 be staffed at the beginning by members of the Fifth A:rmy s Armored Force detachment, but as rapidly as possible to be staffed by trained French personnel who would thus take out of American hands the responsibility of training the French in the use and maintenance of American weapons. A directive was race ved today on Operation MUSKET.It is stated therein that Operation GANGWAY be impossible without reinforcements on may the ground and in the air on the mainland. MUSKET be necessary so hat may by taking the Italian heel, military facilities in the CALABRIA CROTONE and areas may be supplemented. The area to be taken will be that east of a line TARANTOBARI. The joint commanders for planning and execution will be the Commanding General, Fifth Army, a naval head nominated by the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean and an air head nominated y the A Commanderin-Chief Mediterranean. Planning for the operation will be under AFR . Execution will be under the 15th Army Group. Certain assumptions are ma.de as follows : That the target date will be 1 October; that ESS will have been successfully completed ; that the CROTONE will have been seized by area forces operating overland from CALABRIA by amphibious assault and that or adequate air ields are available to support Operation JUSKET. The forces available will be the Fifth Arrrry with .A:rmy troops; t e VI Corps, consisting of the 34th and 36th Infantry Divisions and the 1st u. s. Armored Division. Also available will be the 82nd Airborne Division and one follow-up division u. s. or French. The operation will be ship to shore. A broad outline will' be submitted, after full coordination with air and naval commanders, by 1 September . . News came to Colonel Brann from Colonel Kammerertoday of a third possible operation ; GANGWAY, course, eing the first possibility of and MUSKET the second. o directive is out, as yet, and no name for the operation was given by Colonel Kammerer It is understood , however, that it will call for . �an amphibious assault south of !iAPLES. of SA.LERNO the BAYOF SALERNO, in in the vicinity * * OUJDA--JULY 27, 1943--A meeting of certain staff officers was called for 0930 hours this morning . The meeting was first addressed by General Clark and then at greater length by the Chief of Staff . The substance of the information put before the meeting was as follows: ( The Fifth Army Planning Group v1ill continue to work on Operation rvWSKET That Operation, however, as well as Operation GANGWAY, make . now way, as far as priority is concerned, for a third operation, briefly mentioned in yesterday's notes, which has been given the name of Operation AVALANCHEThis operation has a target date of 7 September 1943 and . will be carried out in the vicinity of SALERNO~ south of NAPLES,on the bay of the same name. It was stated at this meeting that British X Corps will continue to plan on Operation BUTTRESS, which is one of the two British operations; GOBLET being the other, directed against the toe of the Italian boot . BUTTRESS an alternative is plan to AVALANCHE, it but is hoped that conditions will permit AVALANCHE be carried out, for it to is believed that a stranglehold on the Italian peninsula could be obtained more quickly and more easily through this operation than through the various operations which have already been scheduled, striking at the Italian toe and heel,and which would require a relatively laborious working northwards . If German-Italian resistance continues to be heavy after the completion of HUSKY, will probably be necessary to use BUTTRESS it and MUSKET With lesser resistance . on the part of the Axis, AVALANCHE will probably be the operation called for . If, however, Italy collapses completely, it is likely that the Fifth Army Headquarters, with one division, would be called upon to move at once into NAPLES make an unopposed to landing there and to take every possible advantage of the Italian collapse. General Gruenther, who had just returned last night from a visit to Sicily and an important conference in Tunis attended by General Eisenhower, Admiral Cunningham, General Alexander and other hj_gh ranking leaders, stated that troops assigned to Fifth Army for Operation AVALAN would CH E be the VI Corps ; made up of the 34th and 36th Infantry Divisions and the 1st .Armored Division ; the V Corps, British, made up of the 1st British Division ex HUSKY possibly a French Division to be available at a later or date, and the 82nd Airborne Division to be withdravm from Patton's control in Western Sicily where it is now guarding prisoners of war . It is contemplated that the landing will be made by three divisions with two divi sions in the follow-up. An air support command probably the XII, would , be assigned to support AVALANCHE . 10,000 tons of bombs are available to complete HUSKY AVALAN and C HE. At the present time it is thought that 6,000 tons would be alloc at ed t o HUSKY and 4,000 to AVALANCHE, it is but hoped that a larger proportion than this will be available for AVALANCHE. The 15th Army Group, under General .Alexander, now moving its headquarte r s to Syracuse, would be in control of the operation . In the meantime, planning will be carried on under AFHQ supervision . This means that when the operative stage commences, Alexander will control the Fifth and Seventh �United States Armies and the Eighth British Army. The Naval Task Force Commanderhas not yet been selected . Vice Admiral Hewitt has the power of appointing him. At the conclusion of the meeting , General Clark returned to his office and immediately set to viork clearing the decks for Operation AVALANCHE t he long distance telephone he obtained the assignment . On to t he Fifth Army of X Corps, Bri tish, for the operation . X Corps is made up of two inf'antry divisio ns and one armored division . The lieutenant general commanding this corps is coming to Oujda tomorrow in General Clark ' s plane to lunch with General Clark and to discuss pre liminary plans . The British V Corps will not be assigned to us as had been stated previously in the meeting . General Clark was compelled to immediately revise his training program . French units who were to come to Invasion Training Center have been put off . From the 2nd to the 16th of August , four American combat teams will be trained at the Invasion Training Center . Two American cor~ bat teams will be trained at the lea dership and Battle Training Center at the same time . The General is hoping against hope that time will permit him to switch the four combat teams to the Leadership and Battle Training Center and t e two combat teams t o the Invasion Training Center and will also permit him to give an armored combat team a brief schooling at both centers . Armor is slow moving, and if we are going to use it , it will take 34 days to move it . ( General Clark is going ·to have two Deputy Chiefs of Staff; one of them, General 0 1 Daniel , just come t o this headquarters and assigned to Fifth Army from the Si cilian operation where he was in control of the beaches landed on by t he 3rd Division, will coordinate the activities of Fifth Army G- 2 and G-3 . The other Deputy Chief of Staff, still undecided upon, will .coordinate G-1 and G- 4 . The 1st Tank Group is being moved to the Arzew region at once from Port Lyautey . General Hughes will come from Algiers on Thursday to discuss with General Clark the removal from Fifth Army responsibility of the Army' s extra - curricular activities, such as relations with the M oroccan resi dency, replacement depots and training centers which will no longer be needed by the Fifth Army after preparation for the pending operation is completed . General Dawley has been called tomorrow . by General Clark to confer with him The 1st Tank Destroyer Group General Clark hopes to have released from General Patton ' s control and to school them and use them for Army artillery . Naval Gunfire Liaison Detachments are to go to the Invasion Training Center at once and commencework with the naval officers with whomthey will have to coopera t e in the operation . General O' Daniel is to work closely with Colonel Brann , the Army G- 3, and give him all possible help and cooperation, particularly with regard to the maneuver scheme in the �BAYof SALERNO.General Clark contemplates that the beach landings of his three divisions will be supervised by Generals 0 1Daniel, Wolfe and Wilbur, respectively . In the latter part of the afternoon, General Cota, on his way back from a brief tour in Sicily to his work in London with Combined Operations, stopped in at the Headquarters and received a guard of honor along with General 0 1 Daniel . Accompanying General Cota are Colonel Hil lsinger and Major Jones . Another important afternoon arrival at the Headquarters was rt.a. Mark Watson of the Baltimore Sun, accompanied by Lt . Col . Charls Kerwood, Air Liaison Officer , Industrial Services Branch, Bureau of Public Relations , Vlar Department . Ilr. Watson is making a tour of this theater to observe conditions, and Colonel Kerwood is making a survey for his bureau and also a survey of communications for Public Relations work . General Cota, General 0 1Deniel, Colonel Hillsinger, r,1ajor Jones, llr . Watson and Colonel Kerwood are all spending the night in Oujda - Mr. Watson in General Clark's villa . General Clark is moving his Planning Group to Algiers tomorrow , and, of the rest of the headquarters, the greater p:i.rt, or all of it, will be moved to Mostaganem at the earliest possible date . The General entertained for dinner at his villa: General Cota , Mr. Watson , Colonel Sullivan, Colonel Markoe and Lt . Col. Nygaard. ( * * * 0 JDA--JULY 1943-tre 28., Watson, General .,ota an a small party went to the Invasion Training Center by plane early this morning and spent the day. General Cota departs early tomoITow morning or England . At 0900 hours General 0 1 Dan el gave a talk to members of the staff upon h s exper ences n Operation HUSKY General O' Dan el was in . charge of Joss Beach, upon which the 3rd Division landed and did an outstan ingly fine jo. One of the points he emphasized was the great good derived by the 3rd D vision in rehearsing the opera.ton just efore taking of on t e actual operation. He warned against landing wheeled vehicles on sand where they are una le to operate ; permitting too many personnel to congest the beaches while unloading operations are going on; to make sure that the . favy understands beach markings so that t can direct its ships and boats to the proper beaches. General 0 1 Daniel ighly praised the radio 193, by means of which he kept in "m. c with t . e Divisional Commandere He operated the 193 out of is jeep, which was his personal transportatjon. The codex code system was used. eg mental com at team commanders also kept in touch wi h the Divisional ommander y the use of these sets. Such ailures as were experienced by the 3rd D vision were not the result of lack of planning or training ut of personnel ailures. Certain of cers were relieved oft air dut es on t e spot during the unloading operat ons . Of icers on the beach must be aggressive, must act quickly an, above all things, �must keep things moving. General O' Daniel recommended the cu icle pontoon. Infantry-air liaison was poor. Te General eels that t e air is not properly iefed before it sets out on a mission and that he impossible is expected of it in the location of targets on t e spot . Our identification of aircraft was poor. He recommends that our air stay away frcl'1' t he beaches dur1.ng the unload ng process, or our men are sure to shoot at their own lanes. He remar ed that t took three days for -.,r corps headquarters to get together. Th s resulted from t e fact that they were not all on the same sh past ey should ave been. General 0 1Daniel ad all h s tanks ashore at the end of "D' day, and they were moving forward at dawn of D; 1. he waterproofing of vehicles was excellent. The 4.2 mortars are good. As the regimental combat t eams mo ved north they swept in wide enveloping actions. These enveloping movements, plus accurate artillery fire, resulted in the taking of tovms with a minimumof actual nfantry figh,ting. It is important to land on the aches with plenty of tanks, plenty of artillery, plenty of anti-tank guns. Having this initial striking power pays dividends l at er on. Plana must e made in case a landing is ma.de on the wrong beach. If troops actually are landed on the wrong beach, .they must, as quickly as possi le, work their tvay into the right area and start in from there . They should not just go ahead bl·nd. In lanning and training it is important to train troops in areas as nearly similar as possible to the areas they will actually be called upon to invade. ( The CommandingGeneral of X Corps (British), Lt. Gen • G. Horroqks , had lunch with General Clark today, having been flovm from lgiers in General Clark ' s C-47~ General Horrocks brought with m rigadier Cooke, B.G.S. , rigadier Godf'rey-Fausset, C.E. , rigadier G. C. Webb, D.A. , • •G.., and Major P ke, G-2 Operations .. The foregoing, together with Gene al Gruenther , Colonel rann, Colonel Saltzman and olonel Barker were luncheon guests of General Clark. rrajor General Erskine, Commandingthe 7th Armored Division ; .'ajor General Freeman-Attwood, Cornman.ng tp.e 46th Infantry Division ; and Major 1 General Graham Commandingthe 56th Infantry D vision were not able , to come, nor were Brigadier Siggers, C. C.R.A., or Colonel Suvivier, .s.o. As stated in yestar ay 1 s notes, the X Corps is slated to take part in Operation . VALANCHE under Fifth Army control. The British party, after a brief inspection of the map room and chat with t e American officers, o had lunch with them returned to Algiers . Within half an hour after their departure, at 1515, G eneral Dawley arrived from Rabat in another plane of General Clar · 1 s and, with is Chief Engineer, Colonel Thomas, ca.meinto Fifth Army Headquarters. While Colonel Tomas was conferring with General oran, Colonel .arkoe and Lt. Col. Smit, Signal Officer, G-1 and Headquarters Commandant res actively of Fifth Army, General Dawley was given a rapid inoculation into the recent operational planning which as een going on in t h s Head uarters . Going to the map room, General Clark briefly skimmed over Operations BRIMSTOUE, GANGWAY 1 SKETand then turned the disand , cuss on over to Colonel Brann, who elaborated in some detail on Operation AVALANCHE. pointed out to General Dawley that according to a He �1/ cable received from AFHQ the X Corps, Br· tish, is to e given the southern sector of the B of SALER beaches and the American troops AY -l> the northern sector . This s to enable t1e itish Corps to make a juncture at the earliest possi le moment ·nth British t r oops ho will have made scramble landings across th e STRAITSof m:SSINA and have worked their way northward. These scram le landings are not -to be confused with Operation UTTRESS. They are a mere diversionary effort, while Fifth .Armymakes the main 13ffort on the AY of SA LERNO. Making the attack for the British will be a division of three RCT's with an armored battalion in support. To their left lank and in the northern 1 half of the beaches of SALER an American division of three RCT s o, with an armored battalion in support will make the attack. As a floating reserve will be a regimental combat team and a combat command . Th s floating reserve may be changed to be ma.deup of General Harmon s ' 1st Armored D vision, less the armor used in support of the attacking RCT s. It is planned to use Rangers in the mountainous area in ack ' of the town of MIA and to dro a regimental combat team of paraLFI chutists, drawn either from the 82nd Airborne Division or the air orne division which elongs to orps, on the area between the mountains in back of A/tA and NAPLES LFI itself: The mission of Operation AVALANCHE is to capture the city of r:APLES, and in keeping with this mission , the / landing troops will sweep generally in a leftward or northward direo• tion after landing and cut through three avenues of approach through the mountains in the direction of the city of NAPLES. ( General Clark explained to General Dawley that a fifth plan is also in the offing, that of a very quick move into NAPLES itself , unopposed, by Fifth Army Head uarters plus an infantry division. Hardly had the General finished telling General Dawley of this fifth plan when Colonel Kammerer, calling from Algiers, stated that a modification of that plan was also in view wh ch would call for landing y the Headquarters and the division, but which would require the troops to fight. They would, as quickly as possible, be supported by other troops·to arrive n a sequence of convoys. General Clark then discussed riefly miscellaneous subjects with General Dawley. It was decided that two regimental combat teams from the 34th Division and two regimental combat teams from the 36th Division would be put into the ITC some time between the 2nd and 5th of August and would be left there to train intensively until time to load up for a dress rehearsal. Two other RCT s would e put through the LBT and ' C would pulled out of LBTCin time to be given a quick refresher at ITC be ore loading up. General Clark feels it useless to try to send the four RCT s who will be training at the ITC to the LBTC. General Clark ' also feels that General Harmon's Armored Division should commenceto move to the Invasion Training area at once since it takes such a long time to move armor . He realizes that this will be hard on General Harmon whose equipment conditions following upon the Tunisian campaign are still far from satisfactorye General Clark explained to General Dawley that although we are short of LCI1 s and LCT s at the Training Center, there are still a ' number of transports and LCVPs which, coupled with General 0 1Daniel ' s ' ( �great experience in this type of training, satisfactorily carried on. will enable training to be The target date for A ALANCHE been changed from the 7th to the V has 9th of September. At the end of the afternoon General Dawley and Colonel Thomas let and lew on to Oran. They will make a reconnaissance of the area into • which Corps troops are ~lready moving. It is planned that the 34th D vision will go to Ain el Turck, the 36th Division to Port aux Poules and VI Corps Headquarters to Relizane. General Dawley may recommend some c anges in this program after he has looked the area over. General Clark ~ined tonig tat iG villa with Mr Watson and then . drove up o Saidia or a short swim after a very hard and busy day. Tomorrow General Clark goes to Oran to greet the Secretary of War, Mr. Stimson, and to show him American troops in the 34th Division area. ( By 1st indorsement, dated 27 July 1943, General Clark replied to the Operation GANGWAY directive, date 16 July 1943 and uoted in full in this diary under date of 16 July . It is stated in the indorsement hat movement of troops will be by four convoys. The first convoy to contain one infantry division reinforced , plus miscellaneous troops ; the second convoy to contain one infantry division reinforced, plus miscellaneous troops ; the third convoy tp contain the 1st Armored Division, plus miscellaneous troops; the fourth convoy to contain t e 82nd Airborne D vision and remaining base section and army troops. The Headquarters Fifth Army and Headquarters VI Corps, less detachments, would go n the first convoy. The convoys would go at approximately ten day ntervals. An advance echelon o Fifth Army and VI Corps Headquarters would be flown to APLES about D - 3, in order to make preliminary arrangements . * * * JDA-LASENIA-MJSTAGANEM-~OISYAI. S-OU !A.--JULY 29, 1943--At 0800 LES General lark lew to La Senia with General 0 1Daniel, General oran, Lt. Col. Smith and Captain Lewis, USN. The purpose o the trip was originally to greet the Secretary of ar, Mr., Stimson, ut m-.Stimson changed plans at the last minute, and the inspection of troops which General Clark was to have taken h m on did not take place . General Clark was met at La Sen a by Generals Larkin, W lson and Lewis, he latter eing the Fifth Army Artillery Officer who had gone up to make arrangements. There was an honor guard, consisting of a and of the 41st Engineers , colored, and the 2nd Battalion of the 301st Ordnance Regiment, commandedby Lt. Col. Cabell. 0 General Clark drove to Mostaganem, where he looked over the headquarters area vrh ch will be us by Fifth Arrrry. The school building whic will house the head uarters s large and in fairly good repair. The General was pleased ,.,ith the set-up. dmira·l Hall will have a small star in he compound The General then drove to the airport at ois . Les ains, where the plane was wait ng for him, and he was back in Oujda n t me for lunch. �13 Several guards of honor were held during the course of the afternoon Major General Lahoulle, who is retiring as Chief of r France Maroc, was given a guard and paid his respec s to General Clark. Major General ornet, Inspector General, French Colonial Troops, who was passing through Oujda on duty, .was also given a guard of honor and chatted briefly with the General n his office . • runel, who is replacing M. Bouyssi as Chief of the egion of Oujda, was also given a guard o honor and paid his respects to General Clark. General idgway, commandingthe 82nd Airborne Div sion , arrived rom Sicily in the a ternoon and, after receiving a guard o honor, spent some time with eneral Clark and General Gruenther gong over uture operation plans. The 82nd Airborne Division is going to be used by General Clark in AVALA and probably also in the "rush" plan, yet unnamed., General CHE Ridgway dine irlth General lark and spen the night n Oujda. General R dgway expressed some concern to General Clark over the use of his troops in the coming operation. They were so badly scattered about in Operation HUSKY that General Ridgway wants to be sure that when they are used again they will be dropped at the right time and at the rights ot. He is perectly willing to go ahead if he is assured of this., * * 0 JDA-ALGIERS-0 -JD Y 30, 1943--General lark flew to Algiers today ands ent the whole day there returning late in the afternoon A number of important steps were taken, among which the ollowing s ould be cited: In Operation ALA.~ , Admiral Hewitt w 11 e in commando the two naval task forces, one of which supports the ·merican thrust, an one or which su orts the rit sh thrust. dmiral Hewitt will be right with General lark, an their eadquarters would be on t e • S. S. Ancon. dmiral onoway will also available if General Clark needs h m. Admiral Hewitt was very cooperative, and General lark was please with his conferencee f the "rush job" into APLES OR is to be used, General lark is satis ied we could loa at Oran in 7 days. The ships for th s operation have een named and are available . Am rals Hewitt and Hall would probably bo h go on the ttrush eal 0 ., ( It was agreed by General senhower that the 82nd irborne e pulled out from the Seventh rmy con rol and ass gned to i th Army. This , owever, must f rst cleared with eneral Alexander. A radio was sen yesterday y the Commander-in-Chief to General Alexander, stating that tis Division would be turned over to Fit Army provided General Alexan er ad no objec ion . In case the" ush deal" goes through, t e tonna~ mus e increase in order to 1 take care of General dgway s service stuff . General Clark lans to have t e ir orne Division fly in very shortly after t he arrival of the land troops and such service stuff would be needed to make the Airborne troops mobile after their parachute drop. General Max Taylor reports ( I to our Planning Group at Algiers tomoITow . General senhower approved putting the ritish on the right in O eration AVALAN HE. The ritish have a ew qualms on this subject, because they sense that the mer_cans on t e left may have been given the more important role �and vdll precede them in the a1Tival at APLES. General lark has assured them hat tis is not so and that the British, making a large and encircling movement, would be ready to move nto NAPLES f'rom the eastern side of the city at the same time the mericans came into it f'rom he south. In the meantime, the ritish would still e in a position to contact Eighth Army units moving up from the oe. ( In a conference at 1500 hours, presided over y General Clark an attended by high ranking American and ritish land, naval and air officers, a number of points ware raised. General Clark was assured that his minimum re uirements in landing craft for training and for later on in operation would made available o him at the earliest possible moment consi tent with F SKYOperation. General lark insisted that these minimumneeds be filled immediately. It is the same story on shore regiments. Patton has them now and needs them,as they are still landing supplies over the beaches at Sicily. We want four battalions, but General Clark settled for two battalions now and two later in time to load. erial hotographs show heavier defenses than were expected in SALERNO AY. General Clark looked at the photographs but is not overly disturbed . He says it all depends whether or not Italians or Germans are manning the defenses. General Clark told the meeting that the 36th an not the 34th Divis i on would be his lead-off Div:i .sion. He told the meeting that the cooperation between Fifth Army and avy personnel is complete with regard o both training and space needed for rmy and Navy urposes. Our air support would proba ly be the XII. General Clark was assured by Air Marshal Teddar 1 s representative that the air support would be good. Fighters will be ased on orth Sicily. The air support chief will ritish. There will be a number of British officers on General lark ' s staff. Ha wants them limited to eight or ten. There will pro a ly be some French follow-up troops- ..in all likelihood made up of General Ju n ' s Corps. General lark is going to get the 13th Field Artillery Brigade and some extra ritish stuff for his Armyartillery. He is also gong to have the Tank Destroyer Grou e To replace service units expec ed on UG 10 which is coming in too late for A ALANCHE, service units will be drawn from base sections. General lark has asked for two ranger battalions, or similar commandounits. General Clark was informed that 42, 000 American t roops can e lifted in the assault and that the British will have available shipping to lift their throe brjgades. The CommandingGeneral has asked for General Holmes to head up his military government* General Holmes and Lt . Col. Sutherland, ifth Army Liaison Officer who has been working with Holmes, are alert o the "rush plan" . They are getting 50 officers together. It is not certain yet that we will have Holmes. For the first few days at least, General Clark himself would be the Military Governor at LES. Later on, the head A,,t man, Lord Reynold,might be expected to take over . Our supply man got will be General Larkin , and he will also e responsi le for organizing the port of APLES General ·isenhower feels that as between AVALANCHE the . and "rush plan", AVALANCis the better bet, as the one which will actually take place . General Clark is planning to take the French Liaison ission of this Headquarters with him to 'iostaganem. They will proba ly come on a later convoy. Their dealings with t e Freno will e tactical, rather than political, and they will be a point of contact between Fifth A:rmy and Juin's Headquarters , which is going to be set up at Oran. �OUJDA•SAIDIA-OJJD --JULYJl, 1943-•General larks ent the morning in routine office work, and in the afternoon flew to Saidia with Captain G llespie for a swim~ he forward echelon of the Headquarters moved to Mostaganem today, it is planned that Capta i n Byles will take the greater portion of the General 's hosehold goods and office e uipment to Mostaganem tomorrow; Captain Houston to follow the next day with what remains of equi ment and personnel ., an * * * 0 JD - IDI -OUJD A•-AUGU 1, 1943-..r..reneral Clark spent the morning in winding up s office in preparation for its removal to l ostaganem. Captain Byles, with Sergeant Chaney and several of the General's bodyguards , left early tis morn ng, carrying most of the household goods and office urniture. hey arrived at ~ostaganem in the early evening and imnediately set about making ready the General 's villa and office . The villa to be occupied in /ostaganem byte Cor.rrnanding General was the one used by General Patton when the Head uarters of I Armored Corps were in this city 6 Similarly , the ift Army Headquarters are in the Ecole rormale , which is the same set of school buildings used y I Armored Corps ( In the afternoon General Clark entertained friends , including General Beucler and Colonel aidia . It was a farewell party at which the number of his good friends and loyal supporters tion in Oujda. Te Pasha of Oujda was also at ut t e General could not convince him that he in swimrting. * * a number of his French Poydenot, at his villa at eneral said goodbye o ~ among the French populaSaidia with the General , ought to join the others * 0 JDA-ALGIERS--AUG 2 , 1943-General ST Clark flew to Algiers th s morning and entered into a num er of important con erences in connection with planning for future operations . These conferences were continued throughout today and into the night and were taken up again the next morning. Reference is made to the entry in tomorrow ' s diary which will summarize the situation with regard tofutpre operations as it appeared at the conclusion of these conferences. * * * A GIERS-~OS GANEM--AUGUST1943-..As men ioned in yesterday ' s diary , t e 3, General continued his conferences in Alg ers today, g tting to .ostaganem at about 1700 ours. As a result o today ' s and yesterday es conferences, the situation, as far as future planning for operations s concerned, appears to be as follows: �eneral Eisen ov,er is aving difficulty in deciding whether to use Operation AVALA,CHE "scramble landings" at the toe of the cot or plus the combined formal Operations UTTRESS GOBLET. It is apparen to and General Clark tat Generals Alexander and ontgomery are running the show and that General Eisenhower is not making a move without t eir consent and approval . In fact, e is acce pt ng t e:ir decisions, rather than making them himself . Inasmuch as TRESSand GOBLET excluare sively a Br ish operation in w ich the Eighth Army anc the and r tish Corps will be used , it is obvious that Alexander and ontgomery are pulling for thise General Clark feels that RESSand GOBLET a.re not as tactically soun as AVALANCHE he eels that General Eisen1 and hower agrees with im on this point. The question remains as to whether General Eisenhower will nsist on AVALANCHE allow himself to be again or persuaded by the ritish to follow their wishes and make use of UT RESS and GOBLET It is interesting to note that General Horrocks, commanding British X Corps agrees with General Clark that Operation UT ESS s ould be a second choice and that vre should go ahead with AVALAHE. Fifth Operation MUSKET, designed to strike at the Italian rmy, s definitely ou of the icture . If Operat ons General Clark believes Operation A GW • RESS and GOLET are used, instead of AVALANCHE, that Fift Army's entry into Italy will be throug Referring to Operation VALANCHE more detail, it is planned that in British X Corps will load for Operation TRESS, the target date for which is the same as Operation AVALANCHE. This means that should Operation AVALA CHE used ins ead of Operation BUTTRESS, Brit sh X Corps would be used for AVALANCHE, loaded just as it was for BUTTRESS,, Almost all available 1 n ing craft have been taken by the British for the TESS Operation, and it was only after considerable haggling with British and American avy peo le that General Cla k was able toge~ enough craft to load one Amerjcan D vision for Operation ALAfCHE, this division and would ave no craft availahle or a floating reserve. As a result , Gener 1 Clark was com elled to change h s plans and to put ri ish Corson the nort in the y of Salerno and the erican D vision on the south. Th·s pleased General Horrocks very much, as it puts his troops nearer the ossi lity of a triurn hant entry into ales. General Clark warned General Horrocks entatively that he may take t e British floating reserve o ut in back of his merican Division. ( ( heel with the I The proposition was submitted to General Clark t nt the conbat troops of the one American Division which will e uned for Operation A ALACHE m st be loaded mmediately at izerte~ neral Clark refused to be stampeded into this pro osition which is obviously an arrangement for the convenience of everyone concerned except t e soldiers who would ave to make tr.e long move rom the Invasion raini~g enter area to the zerte area, load up and then land and f ght. General Clark took the position that he would move the combat troops of the division from their training area to zer e around t e 15t to e 17th of ugust. A further proposition with r gard to loa ing, which General Clark turne doffll, was that of General Larkin, who wanted to load his supplies a Algiers in tead of Oran. General �Clark nsisted on using Oran. General Clark still D vision for Operation A ALANCHE V ~ plans to use the 36th The operation which General Clark has described as t e 1tn1sh dealn, eing a move into fnples on seven days 1 notice, as now been given the for 1 name of Operation B CUD. his o eration calls for the move into T aples of the Fifth Army Headquarters and one division. This division to later reinforced by other convoys. General Clark plans to use t e u.s.s. Ancon, Admiral Hall's sh p, as his headquarters, tak ng key staff officers with him. He will mount two RC ' sin AK s and A fs, there t bei~g no LS s and LCI 1 s available to him. The rest of the division will T' go convoy loaded. y this means, General Clark assures himself that if, notwithstanding the colla se o Italy which is the premise u on which tis plan is ased, there should be opposition from Germans or otherwi eat Na les, he would be a le to send his two combat-loaded RCT s against Naples ' in a pincers movement, overcome whatever resistance there was and then follow up with the rest of the convoy-loaded division . ( ( General Clark has foreseen one other complication which might aris. Su ose~ that the 36th Division were on its wa.y to izerte to combat lend for Operation V ALANCHE.Suppose, further,, that while enroute, General lark is alerted for Operation BARRACUDA,, Operation A ALANCHE can• and V is celled e There would be no way for General lark to use the 36th Division for Operation BARRACUDA under such circumstances . He has , therefore, alerted the 34th Division to the possibility that they may be used under these circumstances , instead of the 36th Division, for Operation BARRACUDA. 82nd The Air orne Division is now assigned to Fift Army. In case ARRACUDA is called or,General Clark would fly them in to the aples area immediately after h s nfantry division lands. He would then have two American Divisions on shore. As soon after that as possible, e would bring in a division from r:itish Corps. During these two days of conferences at Algiers, the proposal was made to General lark y General Horrocks that the F:i ,h Amy attack north of Naples instead of n the ay of Salerno. The rit sh looked with avor upon this plan, because t e country north of Naples is open and flat and lends itself to the type of warfare wh ch General /tontgomery knows and understarx:ls. General Clark double-checked on t ~ proposition and ound, in the irst is place , tat the avy does not like it because the waters are less protected than in the ay of Salerno ., On speaking to thP- air peo le , he found that the Americans said t .at just as good air sup ort could be giv n north of aples as south of ite The j ish, on the ot er hand , stated that air could not support an operation to the north oft e city. General Clark then called on the Ar.ericans to give him a de inite estimate of the situation. Air ~arshal Teddar was calle on the telep one, and when he said that sup• ort could not be ,given north oft e city, he Americans immediately backed dovm This was an indication to ~eneral lark that our air people, as well . as our land and sea people , are very much un er it sh dom nation and controle After these check-ups on sea an air, General Clark and General Horrocks ha a conference, and wen General Clark pointed out to General Horrock the reac t ion of the air and naval heads , General Horrocks quickly agreed that it would not be practicable to make the attempt north o aples. �General Clark is assured tat he will have two Ranger battalions and two shore attalions for Operation AVALA CHE If .A..B.RA is used, General Clark t inks he will ge General UDA Julius Holmes to head up is AMGOT. f A ALACHE~s used, AMGOT will probably have a tish Chief. General Clark is of the opinion that t_ e Italian people will collapse and will compell their leaders to come to erms with the nited ations. He feels, therefore, that here is as rong probability th&t e will be called upon to mount Oreration ARRACUDA, he intends to and the first one in Naples Harbor. staff With·n the next few days, it is expected that about seven British officers will assigned to th s Head unrters. It is further expected that wit in a few days General Juin and his French xpeditionary Corps will e assigned to the Fifth Army. * * * ,OS GANEA--AUGUST 1943-•Last night was the first night the General 4, had spent at his Mostaganem villa . The villa itself, though ictorian and old fashioned, is comfo1 a le enough in its way. However, the commednoises from the street, which is a fairly busy one, chicken yar s on each side of the villa premises an miscellaneous small French and ra children who never seem to go to ed, kept he General awake for a large par of the night. Vlhat the solution will e is not knovm at present, but a place must e found where the CommandingGeneral can get he necessary rest. General Clarks ent the firs part of the morning on pa er work and then received Admiral Hall, whose Head uar ers are in the city an who will lay an important part in ,e future operations of th~ Fifth rmy. There has een a shirt in the G-1 and djutant General's Sections of he Headquarters . Colonel "ro-koe>G-1, as en given a new assignment. He is now Fifth Army's Liaison Officer at dmiral Hall's Headuarters. His place as G-1 has een taken by Colonel Bertholf, former djutan General. olonel er holf 1s place, in urn, has Pen taken y Colonel ~lville F. Grant, newly arrived at the Head ua.rters from his place as -1, BS~ Dur:ing the af ernoon a guard of honor was held t e first at t e Head uarters - for Ha or General laizo , Coruranding t e 9th Colon al Division (French), whose Headquarter are at Mostaganem. ccompanying im, and also receiving honors, was Colonel hauvin, Commanding the 1ilitary Subdivision of "ostaganem. Colcnel Chauvin is, therefore, a parallel to General eucler at Oujda. General Clark received both of these officers ·n s office after they had ins cted the guard of onor and wu somewhat displeased y the rather huffy at itude of Colonel hauvin. Colcnel C auvin appeared o e carr · ng a chip on h s shoul er, as far as the Americans are concerned and has not een giving L. Col. Smith, Headquar ers CoT'lll1andant, re proper cooperation in �securing offices ac and illets or F t Army Head uarters. Genera Clark smoothed him over a bit with o. few corn limentary remarks, ut if this does not work, he will try another method in order that proper coo eration from this officer can e o ained . Very probably due to the attitude of this single officer, fos aganem as en ver-J much·more difficult for us than was Oujda in t e early days . In the evening at his villa General Clark rece ved General Gray, who is Director General of lilitary Railways in this theater . General Gray informed General Clark tha.t he will e urn. le to furnish Fifth Army with a rail y operating battalion much needed for future operations unless one is formed in this t eater rovisionally from personnel with former railway experience. General Gray pointed out that while there are ample operating attalions in the States , he has en una le so far o get over here the attalions of this type thnt e needs . A tele hone call from General Clark to General Gruenther, who is novr at Algiers wo-.-king on plans for future operations, revealed that General Gruenther is now eing told th~t it is desired o keep the 82nd Airborne Division in Sicily unt 1 it is needed forte Fifth Army operaion. General Clark remarked that this is "like having a alf interest in a wif" and would never be acceptable to him~ He as een given the Division for his use, and e wants it completely under is control . ( General Clark wrote a letter today to the Chlef of Staff , llied Force Headquarters concern ng General Larkin. General Clark wants to ave a e inite commitment on the part o Allied Force Head uarters to give him General Larkin as a supply officer for future operations and to supervise the very difficult and the vitally important jo of organizing t e port of raples ., General Larkin did a. splend jo on TORCH,and General Clark knows and has great confidence in him. A ca le passing through tris Headquarters today indicctes the state of confusion which exists at Algiers concerning uture landing operations. Tho cable was fro!'l corn: and po:i.nted out the danger of putting AW American troops in ritish landing craft and British troops in American landing craft . For out of such an arrangenent, confusion would e sure to arise for lack of understanding on the part o crews of shore signals. He pointe out that rit "sh troops should load for RESSin ritish craft and Americans s ould load for A ALANCHE American craft. in * r~OSTAG.\llE·~--AU US 5, 1943 -General ( * * Clarlr went o,, oar Admiral Hall ' s lags i, e TT. s. s. Ancon h s morni.ng to co"lfer wi im concerning uture o eratJons. e General is i:!1teresto in ohtuining ere. t of any sor o make .e la n, ings wi • I ap ears t 1 LC 's, L3T's an o er at oats of ~ mo ern landing craft type are not going to be available for the Fifth Army ' s operation. he General lans to use 's a"11 K's an any other ··: e nf shi ~!hich can e made availa le and vrhich he , . avy hink:s can .e used dmiral Hall ·is thinldng e.long these lines r-.nd is coo ere.ting · 11 every vay wi h General larl:, in order t . o.t tr.e initiative for the o eration may not e lost simply through he lack of �1943 mo el landing craf. n the afternoon ,. Genernl Clark made c.n in::: ec ion ri y car. He dro~,e o he Head uar ers of the 36 h Infantry Division, whic s near t e each a shor distance east cf La.r,:acta. General Vlalker was no ere, Driving u Genera;L Olark converse on ram there ' o Port newly e::::ta.lished Headquarters General Dawley, who is on i.., Colonel Gi son . General Clark Wolfe, the CommandingGenero.l Head ua ers are also located General Clark is turni:rg riefly with olonel Kerr. aux Paules, eneral lark visited the of VI Corps, and, in the a sence of vray ack · rem lgier _ ,. talked with s also conferre rie ly vrith Genera of the Invasion Trnining entf.lr , whose at Por aux Foules. over is villa a For aux }oules or neral Dawley. he une of In talking wit hese officers oft e Cor sand 36th Division and with General 1,olfe , General lark pointed out that the Regimental on at Team frol'l" the 142nd Infantry, 36th Division, is to e withdra\m from L and be given its training on shi oarde One RCT f om the 36th Division is already on s i oard, and t e thir Tiill follow shor ly he 142nd RCT In thjs way the J6t Division , which will be . e assault division of I orps, is being given t e preference on ship raining overt e 34t Divis on. eturning from Port aux Poules, General Clark and Ca tain yles , who is with . im, stop ed t e car y the edge of the ::ma, an , removing t eir clo hes, took a short swim -rore driving a k to the villa for sup er e was received today that Co.tania as fallen o he rj ish t :is el that the small remaining ortion of Sicily which rAn,ains in Axis ands mus very soon fall to he Allies., 1TeTI"s igh rmy. * * ~OGT GANE?, --AUG , 1943- Today wu.s routine day, wi . th e}~ce ion of ~he ·visit o H ad uart 1·.., :in ~he af rnoon f"f General Ju _r,,_ h Chief o." the F,,. Cor s, , G nP.ral uin has l"lOV"d is Head uart rs o nran, and i is anti~ipat at V':.ry shor ly ·•.s cor-... mand will fall under t e control cf ~e Fifth -rmy H , :is juc , . ac 'lceen ns G neral Clark o II g ·t going", anr1 -it fa the r'U ul o or Gt"'. ert..l Clark and e hu. , or all, of G ,neral Ju · •1 vs , ill ake ar :i"l what ver o eration is ascigned to t e . rr. Jr. G General Ju.!n, General Gru nth.,,r, wit:. Colonel 3 ltz~i., :r-,, a l'.l. lol'lg con!' I ncA in hG OM""&.riding G nc:t'al f s l"'i'~ic , e wairi o ic of convf"rsa ,io cing t .~e r sent s a us of e ui rient of General Ju:in ' s command This con:manr i TNld u o the 2nd ~ r~orocca" ::'l'lfantr" Div:i si('n, undP-r General Dod , an the 4th 1ountain Inantry :Yv:ision, u•\dt,r G nf1ral r~urtin. Generally s eaki'1g, the t.,o division::i a-rP read for combat, oth a., o er:::onnel anc.1e ui men • s f'ar General 1l'an acting lark, as fot .r ,r, �~I 1 roo· organic o the Cor s are concerned , :bowever , here ar a. many weaknesses . For exam le , t e Corsi: short on ~rmori nnd even;_- it ad armor, it as not got the ersonnel o maintain i·. fodical,. Signals.,. Eng··...,e,e s and · ,iller re all somewhc.t sketchy • .. iat ,.,neral Ju· '1 ,as rlone i 3 to fill u j 3 org-o.. ic cor s roo s t...3 est re could .y "m,ing rom 1s divi~ions,. 1-lu this _. of cour;::;o, ho.s corres~onringly teakened he divis{on~ a~ is a far from satis acto urrr...11.gt1Ant~ II does ave, hm7ever 1 what e considers o an effec iv .,.i_ ing fo-L""ce.,. gh evel'.l thoug 1 it is not c ui ed o h,. com let~ ext/31", it should be His roo "' ave ad Bttle or no ro.in:hg n amhi or l -t., .,..ea.son .. e nels that thE"~ could not e uee, or a.n assault operation u 011 a beach. ThPy v10uld e excellent, however , as ollow-,r troops, and Generul Clark agreed tut this is the 1,ay e i.rou1 most li .e to uoo l m. 'T'_e ~.hole meeting vms conducte i1"l o. v 17 rien ly atmos 16re., T ere is o vioucly Ee gr..,c.t rconal lil-dng b"Jtweo'l'J.General Cla.rl a..,, Ge11eral Juin ~ G neral Clark is i'!"mly of tho o i"'li 011 at trese French unite, into w j h th u. S•. :1s curing arms and materiel 5 mus ,.. put nto the ight o.t t e earliest ossi le moment.,, and he is :rPady and will ng to use hem mself &. as g n the first a portun-rty. It was agreed e ween he wo Generals hat fort ,e time ei"'.lg,a lea.st, Colon.l Chevillon 1 s m-rssion would e the liaison etween Fi.fth rmy and. the French E edi iono.r Corps. General Juin is mn.ki"'.lgthe arrangements for this trough lgiers. GAnoral Clark mentioned to General Juin t e fact hat e \ ould like to have GAneral "1eucL3r as his Chief Ljaison Of~ic~~ . General Ju~~ agrPed that this was a possi le arrc.ngement ut could not give a d..fini-te answer on it or the ime elng. General Clark staten that as soon as tb"l Frenc troo s ca111e definitely under his control e '\'1ould pu Hsh an order to foster and E-nn01.u•age ha s jrit of -rrien shi which exi ted tYmen French arid morican troo s in World Vlar I. * * s r1as a day of -t.,tens13 mental ac ivity and ctrain for G~neral Clarke He journeyed to lgiers and conferred with General Eis~ o er , rigadier Sug ens G-3 of •H s rigadier Cooke of X Corps, itish , and Colonel ann, G-3, Fifth Arrny e The su ject of all t ese conversations was fu ure op ration;., ~ ·1 t..t -vill t e llied roops do .l at, in articula'l"., will G1'1nr:-ralCla.rJr anrl s Fjftr rey do? Gene ·al Clark s C'nt over ar. our witP t e c-··n-C t..·1d old him 1n posit ve terms and wi h intense feeling hov, ,,, ortL.nt he eels it is that an arly decision be made on future o erations~ G neral Clark ~tated that in s opinion O eration A AL!JJCIIE stra egically and V is actically much more sound than O ration BUT R, S and O era ion B ,.'Y'l'or:u. Oper tion YT0\7N, not referred to e ors iu th:is diary, . c a l0\7 across t e Stra·ts of ,essina. Generals Alexa.mer and ion gomery are ead set ,o do 1T :sss and YT i:rnwith 100% ritish troo s . Gen ral Clarl-- old Ge~~ral E senhowor he ~elt at this was a mistake and would result in an . nc -by•inch, long an costly o eration by which he ritish slowly work thei v1a.y northward. 0 ration AL HCHE is muc to be . r~f rre , s id General Clark , ecauoo it has the elsrnent of su rise anr strikes ar MOSTAGANEJ!!•ALGI"'.::R -!C:OST GANEM- .UGUST7 s 194.3--T �,. closer to he Italian ea.rt than do BUT ES8 and AYTm:rr. • as the It a . ed merit of using bot American and r:itish troo s .. Gene1..al Clark a preciates Ve if' icult osition hat General 'l!::isen}-lowe:r now inds hil"lself in, lt oug General .'..isenhower s C-in- 1 Generals lexander and J o!ltgoMery are i i nm~ iat ce u ~ies .s, as far as .. rmy o erations ey :have an enormous -rnfl·.1~nce, and t ey are dea 0t on BSS enoral lark ut u to Genera Eisenhower n compromise y which he conflict tween t ose who wan A OVIN- • "'SS T and those w o t ant V LAUCHE may e reconciled. Fu rie ly, t e comromi r:- is Let the r1tish go ahead wit t 1e OViNS O erations Hotrever, ol:i ack from .s operat o an< gat ~r in from whatever sources are availa le, enough shi ing to 1 ft a Fiftb Army a sault a t e ay of alerno~ Tis assault would ma e y combat roops picked om Co s, most •ro ably the 36 h Division, and would e follow~ u y ~neral Juin's Freno roo s 1hic General lark is ager to u3e. General Clark refers tot is com roMi e lan as "Pisspot 11 erfec ly willing, if higher aut or y acce ts is dea , to have i name officially ya mora ~o ~r title In this o eration , General Clark ould s~ek no more than o get a claw old a the ay of Salerno , ang on and work fa way as ra idly a he could to wards :r LES., He mig t very ell, at t e c-st,take LS., the worst, it would be o. s rong diversionary effort w ich would of material assistance to the :r· t sh roops working t eir way nort after rr I:SS., General E senriowor was una le o mahr any ecis on on the spot wit regard tot is pro osi ion. Te final decision is go_ng to avA to await t e successful conclusion of S ,Y. He stated i.'lk,elf to ow~ver, 100% e 1ind O eration A ALANCHE a.s re era le to YTo'. -BTJTTRESS. He · was most ent usi t c also a out General Clark's coMpromi e lan and int nds o make use of it u to e hilt in is conferences with le~ n er and 'iontgo!'lery wh ch will soon take place. rigadiers Coo rn and Sugden also expressed interest and enthusiasm n General Clark's id a.. GenPral Clark also conferred . with General Uax Taylor oft e 82nd·Air orne Div sion , who is no'."I' assigne to our lanning Grou. The General ntends to u:3e t e 82nd Air one D vision n whatever operation he s called upon to per om int e APLESarea . The 82nd s ready an willing to go, u i t s raining plans are eing compli nted y the act tat there is pressure on to -make them stay in Sicily rat er than come to Kairouan where they co ld rain iri co junction v,ith the roo Cei.rrier Command. General Cla k feels it mos important that the should be given the opportunity to train~ Indeed, Train1ng ':emoran um 11 1/ 3, AF , 2 ugus 1943, s ates v ry clearly: Realistic and thorough com ined train ng for air forces and air orne troops must provided or all appropriate units •• raining for s cific o erations must cover all de ails an con ingenc es, an culm4.nate in a rehearsal of t e operation with conditions approxiriia.ting as closely as possi le those of th actual o eration.'r ( T Operation ALANCHE used , General Clark will ro ably ave is with im as his AMGOT .· e 1 rigadier Gen :ral Holri-s , ass ste by L " C Col . Su e~land, Liaison Officer , F ft my. In any assault o rution unde aken y .e F ft. rmy, t e !J~GOTof icers oulcl e, at first, j �un er the control of the CoJ"lmanding General,. Fift Axmy, '"Tho would be m litary governor oft e terri ry occupie. s conditions came sta lized, this control over t e civil afft..irs ersonn,~l '.70ttld ass tote Chief C vil A fairs Of icer AMGOT.General lark is reassured to knmv t at e will ave immediate control over civil a-Pff..irs in l'llmt would surely be the ect c irst ays of a lan ng o ration. I General Clark can not huve Holmes, he is more tan satisfi-d to ave L. Col. Sut erland, whomhe knov,s and trust as an AMGOT Chief . ' General Clark, Colonel Saltzman olonel o.nn and Captain Byles ad lune n the villa of ,. Famin which ha jus t},e ay ~fore een assigned o e use or t e Cornman in General, Fift rmy. It is a erfectly c arming villa on t e he gh s of Algiers, e:'( u:_si ely furnished and most com orta le. General Clark is nstalling Colonel. rann to live in t 1e villa an ~ntends to use it during his visits . e~ore lunch, General lark made a ten-minute call on General Giraud at the Residency Palac. General Giraud was ta~en u 1ith the mdding of is son,, w ich toolr lace to ay, an r gr tted t at e could spen such a short time wit General Clark e He nvited General Clark to lunch next TTednesday, and General Clark acce ted the invitation with pleasure. T y ave many ma er s of mil.it inter st to scuss wit each other. * ( * MOS AGANEr.~-UGUST 1943--Ri sing at 0230 t is morning, General Clurk, 8, wit General G:ruenther , Colonel Saltznan and Captain yles, drove to a ,..ach training area just ue lt: of Por·!;-aux-roulE::S and witnessed a demonstration landing y .e ii RCT. Teo eration was fairly well conucte, alt oug, as General Clark remar e, it was made relatively e~s y reason of the act tat a lot oft e envy s uf, such as tanks , arillery and anti-aircraft rough i.n., T e Comrnandi g G~meral 1 vms not ke t his watch on t e each un il a:vm and t en ove ack o is villa for 1"f'akfa.st &'1'1r' office work for the rest of the morn.in. Taking a rief na a ter lune. , t e General hen came u to f' of'fice or El shor ~ ti.mo and, wit G neral Gruenther; Colonel Saltzman, a tain • les an is ne\"T aC'ti!lg ADC, 1st L • lar'ren Thrasher, wen out o t e each for a. S\"Tim c.n t en entertain"'.:d t .esc of icPrs for su ("I" his villa.. * * * MOST 11E UGUb'T 1943--T e ComTTln.nding G •-9 GenP.ral "' ent t e Morn:in n 1-i-is office and in he nfternoon, accol"IJ)anied y Lj eut nan Thranher srove to Por -aux-Foules where conf ert"ed with Generals Dawley and Wolf • He stated to Gon~ral Dawley t at n casP. he (Gen ro.1 Clark ecam - a casualty 1 e s eo ng to arrange 1t so that G oral Dawl?y ould ake-,hi.... lace as Command?;r t e F th Axrr:y, ev1'ri thougl i would b o:: ossi l, n.t certair oreign officArs; or xnmple, Gen ral Juln or General 1 orrocks migh e sen or to im. CoMing ack from Fort- auxoules, ,neral Clark and Lieut nant T rasher stopre of at t e beac for a u ck swir.i and ten came ome to dinner . �eneral La s croux t who is being retired as Cor.rrnn.nder of r'>orocca roes , called on Gener 1 Cla~k ris afternoon to pay hie respects , saying ~ od ye o General Clark and wishing him good lucl• General Lascroux ,/ esent .d e al mys sa picture of Clt ny of icer who t cause of age , is on the downhill ah , Saying iut s o e a een t o lea n 1orocca'l Corps ~ th, liberation of France , General Lasc:roux stated t .at such a ors was now actually in exi ence , ut under the command of another - enera l Juin . * * * IDS AGA,!E !--ORA· -- liO GANE?~-AUGUST 10, 1943-..f'..:eneral Clark at t ~nded the lU11cheon today a t 1e u.ar .. rs of the aval Commandc.nt , Port of ran , Comr-:a.nderYo.tes , in honor of Senators ..ews eI of prt:i.imJJRussell _, of G~orgia , n.n ler of Kentucky a,,"'ld ~ ade of ~ew orkg T ese sena• tor , Ti on other , S. nato Lodge or r: ssachus. t s who a preceded · el" eas ward , a.re on a tour of :ins ection arou11d t .e world . f'ter a d licious lune e on du:ring whicb , y tl eir obvious frien l~ness , Gf>neral Clark and Adm ro.l all impresse 11 on e vi siting senators i he feet tat in a+, least this one nsta~ce , t ere is ound to e activ, cooperat on ~t en he Army and t e T,avy n any utu:re opcro: ion •. T members of the lune, on _art wer tak n ya motorcycle escor to he Invasion Tratn rig Ce:riter at Al"zews v,here a s ri s of d monstratior, as ut on or t em uring h cour of t e afternoon . T is ,•n(.:lud d t e taking of a 11 ox, s reet ight ing n a villag , c.. ,mon~tration of Dukws including a ride ~n a Du . by th senator& themse l vesc , Proceeding on to ~os agan m~ t e senators arrived at e villa of the Comma.ndine General and ui ckly taking ath:ing su"its an towels wen down o e acr u tl~ Gener al lark for a swirr, return.ing again o t e villa or a rie reception to rm.ic lea ing A:rrrry and avy of ic~rs ·n vtcini y wer present. The se a.tors were en taken to Fifth nay Head ua.rt,,rs where t P.Yins ected a guar eld in t ~j onor in h co .ound s a.nd a,ft. wards sat dpwn to a v1,ry g~od dinner of in e offic.rs 1 mess. Senator ussell s ews er and Meade t urned to Oran wi h Gt."neral Wilson ., and Senator Chand l er returne General Clark V ville. , where es ent th rig t s It should e at Gen~ral Jun wa.s presP.nt a t,e dinner at the CP mess and e Gene al 1s lef , T . Russell e place of onor ~t * cho"i ('!n reo noted sat at is r g1t. * MOSTGA !.i,~-- LG:r::RS---MS'l' GAn'~U-•*AUGU3T 1943--GenersJ. 11, lark left 1·i ~ villa t is morn:ing efore Senc.tor C n.ndl er ad arisen and , drivjng ou to t e air ort at }Toisy los Bains , took of at 0915 or Al i rs . Senntor C andler was tnken out · o t e Hea~ uarters Comany area y General G:ruent er during t cours of tie morn g and me t. re soldiers from Ken ucky v1L.o n.d el"fneat ered in om neig orin un ts . He en )l"OC~ d y car., 1 iers rr· ·v1r,g a 1 iers , Gen,.,rc.l Clark 1",len imrnedic.tely o Fifth II ad uar ors where re alked ril"f l y with Colonel ra.nn . en Al ta n yles, who a accol"IJ;U"' e m rom r•o ta-ll.n .m.f and on Army Fortun 1... -' -,, tr �(' Colonel Dost t , a.cting as inter r ter, went wit General lark o th esid ncy or lunch wit Gerieral Giraud. G neral Clr...rl. u.r1~1v d at the Residenc ~t noon nn sent un hour int c or ice of neral Girau, discussing with Mr i:utur o ero.tion:J. ListAnirig n on th~ iscussio.., , rt, tkn rnl evinck , Ci~ of General G raud 1 s mil "tn.r; ca ine, an Captain yl s. Colonel Dosinte~ r A with 1 s usual inesse an skill. eneral Giraud startec ing lann"'d "n he wa of future o eralnr, ufter riefly re erTing o he ormc.nt RI -:::::rro o.nd r SKI: 1 then d scuss~d in con.:. e-tail, 0 rntio:n A AL TT an sto.te to G r :r.ul Gi.rau ii s s ron u thrust is ir,_,. n tely ..,re-Pr?:rale than a low a t 1e t<1 ,, ,,..:rnpla y Opert:..tio'1 1!:SS. General irau was if' com le~., c...c• cor wit Gener-al Clarl on e strateg~ c advantage of Moving against T.ArIES, rather t can a m ting o lo. oriou ly work north ,ard . rol"' t e sout ,io.rn Y• al an en m::ula ., General L.r,r e ,lo.ined how :r-it-i sh X Cor s, e used aga:· s t e ol'. ern c.lf of Y OP ::ALER.NO Co"'"J)sagajns t e sout ~rn section. c l,es io:,,i as to o•. •r ncL troo s , 1111·ra ned :!n used, and eneral Clark oin ed m1t to :irr t at e and G ne'ee o use t 1em in c. ll'.i.ter oonvoy as ollow u General Giraud i nf'orrne Gr:rn.ra l Clark 1at Gene:ral Juin rs troop:: would e made ll _ of J,e 2nd r:oroccan ~neral Dad¥ and t e 3rd lg~rian I•1fan,.. Divis O"" ~,, al De Tor, sa rt) ltis soM ..,ro a ly t. t. ,our. De 'ont::;a ,.. ' s Divis · on r ,lL. es 'artin rs '0·1nta Di · icn. nert:..l Gi.raud is lanning to 10ld e Monntai!'I · v:i don for 1se in tre i slan of Sc.r info. in i::.. q•1i ck o:i,.ra ion 1 s 1ould aly calla se . ./hen u.Sk y GJn ,..al lt.r 1ow · 1 if t e ~ountain 1~ miuld G• rau sai<l 1e woul-1 orize wit 1 c.ny Ti'r nc" at 1e could lay 1i s anc1s on in Frenc or s. e, l:i man o"' great sr-~rit c..n os~ i~ acti0'1 _,. · nd. ,e roes no . t u Cl.ins :::!uro e y a.tlJ lack of "'c..ncys is a s if · t ,:, 11 · f lot.: w:ill ~ r ac ion. Gs -ft~~~~~ • ( to osi+5v ,J,, • alin..'11 eni nsula. .. in uJ~, atl ~ t1c..n in ,, .....lii:..n "luinlo:rir omor m. t .... 'rl German3 will ~ ~ 1, t o ~orces a.,.,,~ ir ln.r .... thic t,ill no longt":r e nee dvancirig ,inter, and the l'OJ:l'es...; -i-r Italy Ifill -;: cu ..... y he a.rrival · t cf ... uch G~rnun r · c ,s ., .S11'T•r,ia- ondirgl: 1 -:if of i., . C 3 i;::; hi... ,ay n0 tl. o ,c:1.t1.dlunJ +.ween lL Fil'tl A r.-. d Flor n - o Mi,i.k~ y of lil•~ Fo. h e our~. lli s �al i.on · 1 of course s L.P!fa mor o.C'ut l:r ons iouc of 1e ,rc.n., o tation d::. ficvltie., '.vlich lie n the way c:' it., fr,m(!dic.te uccarn 1::....,mePt . are agc_,-r .:~cive i bough and ad,ion. '13ot men wer~ u:.ck and O.:> ,l."f, in t e:i.r s ,o.tementc o A1ch other Sit ing in front cf a T"lU. o::" Jouth ,l ' n Euro iu , J; uen ,ly i-o:t r,t~d to 5t ancl di:?scr· h_ f • ~th uicl:: ~i g r s·-rokes J o jec, o ViO't". o 1 are a.gTP"'d ,hut GPn ro.ls le,cander c.'id •k,ntgornery mu-:;t no+ re:"m:it Jed ,o cone ntrt:..te on th nT tzr.:JS lan at t e • 1vn::;eo A A• LA'' I1' . A: 1300 luncheon wc.s served ;,, luree ~"si 'ency din~rg room 1 end u: l/~30 1 G nur a l Clark left an o ,, ,ment ,.it G .n ro.l Smith a AFH 1.t Hea. ua:rter .. Corf":r:d ng wi irn ~~ ry riefl , h t en :ran 1.1 ~ta.irs to J.. rni ral r 1m111.ng mm' s un.r ;.; fo1 a uord. with irn, T 1c eis of. o h of th se . CO"'V·,rsatio--is was t nt 0 h of ir, ortan.t ndividualc f ..... vor ALANCHE strongly ., · r"',,. r nee o JM -sss an T , oth of them jn,,i1 u d hi.t an even mo1" (1o.ril"'g 1 ~1an s now undt"t-r coT'clder tion ; namely _. to stri. ,nth the Fifth rr,y at of a m LCS, 1 ~t :i enero.1 Clark t1 n re ,urn"! th y For ;u.ne He d uart ,rs , wher, conferre c.t ~irs, 1it1 Gene~o.1 n ~b~~t~ of e 82nd ir orne D vision , ~n • rc.l Dunne of t, 1e Troop arrier Comand 1 Cu tain Old5 , r. ::; Tu > '}rou.., Ca • to.in P ni""'Urs s r resen ~i g T, c1 r s and ot er of icers cor,c .rn ng t JC coor• a c':.inc..ion of n vyi lo.nc fore s and air orne orces or the at ack in A AL AN 11 11 ,.Y ~at eal of J.,fficulty is .:ng " erienc ~d :i."" ~electi,,g t.. II ,; ill e satis .:..ctory to t'v~ .Iavi:, ·J· :ir orne ,roo .., nnd ::, ~ La.,: • s ... esira le to lan c.ir orne ✓roo s · 1~ a v-c1.nceof shi •carrj Pd roops .. irorne roo·s are in need of ~oo~ljg , articularly if, c.s ic contem.lated , glid~rs o.r used . The navy is . 11 ,.,eer of a leus · wo hour~ of o.rkr, :::s "or tl· - fi,,al run -in, an A s 1 -carried roo ar. also in noed of suf le · ent a. kn"'s o e a'"Y. an make t:1 ir· lanr P . U e. i, o~e light ~:rriv s . nt ative corn rornse ,,c.c suegest d y General .. :...e. ify 'CTl11ci ould ut a 1 ..,_, ,io"l or the availa le air 0?'11£' roo s down on h lain 3out of TAI "" on ni 1-,t of -1. Other air troo n muld make arachnte drop !"?hind our lines on D 2 o J , and the res vould come in on D 7 . o 00.t for "D" de. 3flleot d s althongr· he nigh , of t 1e 10- l lt 1 of Se tt"'mber seem(; mo..,t ,...o itious ., n ral Clark;.:;, o.te t_at a rig1 on after S t mbe,..21st would also h::..ve o selec ,e . n can a delay in he o :Jeratio•1 is irn osed . He dir~c ed th navy and 11 e air eople to ge toget r 011 wo dates for nn day and o~ .., definite a lan where y .~ air roo -is could e UDe • 'e c ated to General R d~ - t c.t 1e '\'la& defin.i.tely coing to a e to use n.h orne troo .., "i.n .e o ~t:..tion. G nerul Clark is s .riously con:::.idering t·sir>.ff t e r:i ish bt i.r rne D vision for the iff cult m-Ts~ion of landi11.g on e lair sou LlS o.nr1 holdi"'g tho o nings t o acses so u. , t:. [. Unit d · ationa can v,ork ,...rr way tbrough "e assf'!s le.in . J 0 .. or ,imc A 1905 Gener-u.l l· k ook off for or l. la, di11.ner t.. th villa . l'oat·gl'...nerrs, returnin 0 ~oc agane!"l in J * rtOS G.All'E UGUS 12 ,, 19 3 ..Toda G ,nern l Cln:!::k ha an j~ ortant co~frronce T ;!•• T • ir orne Division , GP-newi r Genera l Ho .inson , who oomrian s the l s r.itisl ed y igadier Dow s e ral Hopl"inson arrive rom Kairouan y phne s accom n -T j and wo A merican officers , Col one l Gardner oft e · r Corps and '!a or Gi son the ilot General lark ad calle a conference y reason of th~ confusion 1 �\ vr ich now eYii:: s ccncerning the ues ion as to Y! et~or no air orne ·roops vrill used in Operation A ALA'CI •,, and , if ey are to 1 8ed, in just whc.t manner ., s otated in yer1terda rs di.ary s ere is a confBct between the air orne coMmand and e na as tote a: re riate 1tnrr day and I H11 011 T e air orne wants moonlie t .,.,glider or a arac ute operation > an ~art1cularly for the orrner ~ Te navJ , on t 1e other and , required total do;t•k'1ess for t e la run-in ~ e eaches . :Th.en General Clc.rk vm.s 1n lgiers 0'1 , e 11 1 General ~ , re resenting the air orne roo at Fjft rmy Fortune 5 an< Ca tain Clds , representin 1e na , we. e una le to reach an agreement on the mo::. ro itious date or t co eration l'or t1P-ir res ct·ve ser.v-iccs . General lark riefly outlined O era. ion ~rGHE o General !!o . insor s shoving -trn, in art5 cular , thE' area just .1 P. south a. a l:ittle o 're east of the qit y,,., f ._ ''..il.J'LES here he wants to dro or glide air orne \ 0/fClt,IAfl ,. • 0 t. oo s o old tne "' asse::: \'Th:ic lead sout w·ard to a BAYOF S LZPt~ • · s lain is Slli"'l."'01111ded t e sou 1 and east o;.,._, y mountains am~> ~'"t line on , .,e western ::,.ore, y · ,. 1:mV'Janti-aircraft defenses . Gr-meral Ho k nson ., like Genl'3ral Taylor , s ate t at tMs situation laces cir ornc troops n a ilomna . If t ey ma.~ean a roac om t e east , crossin tie eas ern moun in rim , ave to dro. own VO"C"J ast, discharge t eli' load a11d t 1en fly out lak on the coastline . If > on 'l.he ot er 10.ri. , 1ey a oac 1 y wa:,, of t P coastline an r"1•0 t elr lea , suf icient j s-tan.ce does not re!T'uin fort em o rise overt e eastern order e, mountain::;. I· ( t nt altoge ould secmj tberefore, ~r a art om t~P. ues ion of ark- ness a'1d moonl:ieht , wh.:ic so trouble::: t e air orne 130 le in relation o e navy ' s re uirernpnt,s, ere is f> c.dd:it:tonal serious ~ro )lem of o ing, or elidi , ,Air tr o "' into he mn 11 ,oc -e forr.19d y t:be seu and the mountains sou h of' r,'.FLES. the conclusion of the conference , althoueh e did not statf' jt tc General I'o .i-,con 1 GenPral Clt..rl was of -tiu:- o i:nJo:1 r..t e would not .,._,e f~ /;".. c..... • • ..... • , c. le to cmm u on air orne roo s o o en t e attack !l.n~ to old "mountain asses n t 1e way • e would ave liko · Fe. hu s e ill be u le o dro a com any of · arachu ists in one of t e .a ... ses. Perhu "" e l ill a le to use a ttulion ut tbe air nr near S L~nNO. This , ryaever> is a out all he ~ contem latin at the rresPnt mom8n as far us th~ o ening ut ack is concerned He is dri T' ing more u.n1 more to r<? oi nt o:" vie,,, of 1olding his air orne troo · :-:.a.., o. reserve o t "'OV/ in o tr.e itle vr en thPy mig e most needed o t irn t ,~ ide . GenPrtl Clark entertained o"' L I m,., a ee -toget o vorv~ as a team · n t 13 ~ fipirit of C-Pat o.ro t? (-'._,t of r ' t.nds.,, runong t e lm Jers l hi"' villa rirniral Hall and a n11m er 0f r,emcer ain SA"l.ior of ice s o'!: • s 0,111I:eu uarer art.y for Army urn, ?a of f'icer::: ., o are coi,, closely a. ron.c 1-tng future o erc.tion of t. e Fifth car i:.i.li y rPvails. 1. dmiral Hc.11 C..T\ Gener 1 Clark c.n t1Pir .,11;ri · of coopero.t· on ac ~en .,r1.sJ•d ~o\vn e anldng of icern of t 11-'>ir rf~..:.ective OOl"'Jffi...n ..,. a • '- s afr s to3et 1er with f' er t 1a rece,-·L.:.on was ovor , G"'w=•,..al Clark , General Le1,is ,. anrl Cu t::..in ylcs ad dinner at t e .... purtm nt o olonel Sul zmaJ1i Colonel • or !?I' a!lc' ol011el Sr-ritl • heJ live t ree long stories u ov~ e sidewulk .s nt he c-1~ is •.o ,'I· i r for t e · wi.n owe loo out. 0ri e c.y of .oi vaganem and �fte E.. cbn, rolloning dinner ) r,eneral Clr.i.rk 11 e members o::' t e party , exec Colonel r or er, wen ou o ,l1 PUC~ whc:rt"' they C"'joy0d a. i i.n e r. editorru.11ean • .n::: n. ~nut· ul ni e ,t,, &n t e 1 ~ g , o~ t ·e moon fY!ae the watP.r r,_l-nos t unJ uren as · ~ t c.. ime . e, gge..,tN' c.. s , in, o.rr1 .... * ,'C.:.T ,_I"'. :!E!.!-P.-Z1ULT- IC D-Ll .:.C:T-I.:...... i..:Sr --."..UGU.ST _. 1943-,.Gencrr:..l T!.G .. 13 Clark, o..ccol" a1 ··8c b2· Go w,rc.l , ilb,•r u':d ColonAl tu.Till t..r.d Ca tn.iri yles , oo"t: off h -!'o 1 Cub ~la.n• ~ c..; 0700 01•_::; t ··.::: 11' 1. b.nd 10,, o ·he v lmo cin:ity of' 'qer,ault s o the f'ar..t of fas a -aner _. here • PY lande(' on a oadray near t, .e village. Gr.rieral Cl~k ,.as rret tl 0 r 0 y General de ffontsa er , Co:n.andin General of -t c Jr 1 6erian Divi....,ion , c..nd dlive:t" · nto e vill8-L,e , ,,her , b. shor ..::..rr1e O"'H1.rd;:; Gr...,oral Gh·aud d."11l Gen .,..a Juin c.rr.iver-1. af , Today ..as t e las ay of a ,.1rf!A-do.y ma11e 1ver execute~ y . ro !'Pg:. r nt co· bat teams of the di,? 5 ,s5on . It assumec • c.; t e n lue 11 force ., luvi.,g lam 1f -1 f om t.1~ sf'.'a, 1 ~-i, ud"' a .ride a>1d enc · cli "lg mover,Pnt on ths tmn, 0f Renault s ~ms a out o a,·e it"' attack . The 11red" force .... n the otl-icr anJ., >' 1 w re in 1 ossession of , aml dP-r0 nd.:.ng, the own. Gene ·al Clc..rk c.r c Ca tail" ,.u. .., yle& > he la ,ter ac ,5. as :inter :tl3ter , drove in Generul ng A Tfontsa ert' & m +o a ill <'VArlooking . c->nault t herP advance elements of t e rt Jl•le 1 arr1y ,,e•~, mi tir> 5 ."or the a aC'l-. General ,,, r·o11tsa rt . u~ ~kly ou lin d he ci tur.:tion . Fe llow.:.'."lg 1-i::.s t e ar ·y vici ted, · t> turn, , e of G_ne• ral Ricl1ard, Cornanding he " :·1E- r arr.:y, ti.nd tL,.t of Colonel C a u-'5,_ Commanding J e "red" forces .. Gonern.l 1Jlar1: 1a3 1n1 JTf!s ed ,ri th r:P enthnsiasm an(, al -1r r eas of t e Fr enc officers ar, rnen a.nf 1--0.ricular · y liked thP vra G0 1eral de rtontsab r, went o.1out 11s he ... eemed o ave L. co,.,.plotP kl1u l•~:1 ge of -t e r.:aneuve:t iv all ts ..'ith General Clc..rk's c&r lead-iries c.. convoy of severa l ..,edanu~ ille . ::.th Frere. officers n.ncl mem."-l't'S of GePe al Clark's il'll1'1ediate ty , "e arted from R8nault and rov ~c~oss ,he mountains o Picard _. where a lune Pon ,as "'11rved under t.. -"ly tPr; set 1.1 near tbe <'3ach The os .,a.., olonel . ,a uis , "-'-ndthe lunc:1e:;on , a .., arranged hy hi~ regiment , the 7 h • T •• • 30( 0 j ' 0 rr,i,:ro1ehout the whole of t e mornfrJ i General G raud ad e'.:n cou1'to:.. o ard GPl"eral 'Jlark IIe ul\: _1nr the Ge11eral' s Cllr cede 1r ,, and at t•vo 0 • ds of oner lo 2 tre '\1 y ~.1 g v~n hi , l&ce of 1onor "le~ o t e troo o. J,.f ,er l·mc .eon was over ,, General r'irt..·10 "lo.de a short ' s eec .•, sayinr; w at a leusure it was o him to 1a.v8 these F1• ~c; troc:r-,J un er ,) f con"l'lanr, of Gcnr.rral Ckrk > ..: on C' :::.8.;' .r<ml • e the f:i ::;'" Alliec 0or-.:.nder 1tself t,.) 0 rike against the Fortress of Burop . ::laying ._::ood to i.::, ost~ .,. GC'ne• ye Clark drove to he a.:.r ort at La a~set and flew ack ram t ere to r"ostaganom to J ral S e"\ -i..n a at is offi.f"~ ,, Gene1·c.l 0lark ,..8turne tc i ·• & vll6 la, ..Lv""' i..., J_ iof of ..., c..ff who hn.d re 11.rned ,.....,o..,.. , lgi8I ..,~ ,..o •ght &ck he ""I-,Ort rat liehe! au :.br'i ,J • Al::;; er::: c.d s ill een nna -:il, ,o mr..ke u... -its min on the uestion of v, ut f·,+,ure o oration o cm loy . T"IO"'ting :::.to "3 t ~ l•S, , ·inTun··s, whi:-,re su,Jo.., 1ly , , i.0 Astion till c..nr' tr'-" lorg ::;us Jl"'"lSe of wcJ-1-- k:tl out 110.. ing uh.at the · ""! in the way ( f G.l'1 o era.lio'l :ill e ,, I t e cl-: ue.:;tion er L1e i;h ·,w ( ) 0 �r rt \ comrnand ,ill permit G-;n1::··~a1 l~'."-andHr and General fonte;oT11ery o ave their my and launc 1eir a u.ck o..gu-i"'ls 11"'· oe of I aly, or whetlt•r this lan will e a al"ld.O""vd in favor of .:ha.t a pca1·s to G<>n<>ral Clark to e t e more s rategic anr advantageous lan of a ,low int e ru :Lu area. GP-rcrul Gruen er s ated that t OJ ~re- talL.:.ng ceriou::ly of at ac-ldr-g of r-r Lt:S, ins ·ea of south of i ,. o a L, o r,a'.-::e U:'.>eof ai.1. orne roops , t .1.e errain nort of 1 AFLL0 eirig fpc,...,i 1° for ."1a'leUVE:➔r y t r--m . 'T'hc Col"'lmandinr;General rerrarkea, a... e ·,us o:ter. rer1ru.·l.b1.-n tl,e •as· ~ t at i i i z most unfortunate that no singl<> o~r ic~r :i ~ 1,lacecl -1n com!'Iand of o., o eration. T ere should r-- ::iome sirgle of icP 1ho could g1ve orders to coordina e c.omnanders ruv aasumin 6 t 1P. re::: on ...i iB ty imse lf , cor, el t 11Pm to settle tr Pi :r diffe encc., according to a uni t'ied r,:lan~ Go"lf~ral CJ.art., for ovam}li?, :is 1111a. le to COM el either tl1e c..ll' orne 0onrr,a11d or t ~ na ,o se le 011 a ar ~ cular time tt.n 0 1.tr or t ,e j nj ial assault in A 1_.!...,_·rc 1L. He should have t e power to do l 1 s . nor i General 11:.rt receive~ roM General Ho ldnoon a t"legrar he feasi il.:.ty of an afr orne a:';taclc south of N LES. reads us follo s: i n.g toda~ , concern,elq,ram ms Bave :investi&ated o.::.si il·ty of landin wit glider orne or paraorce , east or sout1.ea.,.,t of r>:-:,uv and ..,trongl: ; advi::.e E.i.gainst u "'1ak:ine tJ->e attem t6 11 forwarding roposal for croall air orne ore~ to assist X Cor s ... o,.rt east of 81... 1 anc for a ll.!'g"3r force to o crate north of f·TALES and or a .:"urt er force ,o ::, and y a ::.hort notice. ~ rAsentat i.ves v!lt1->•.rr.:.t ten 'I'."<-~or .., 1, ill i erce r o isy le ain s 1100 hours Su'l"\da ir 11 chute ( * .~o:., !iSf'•- UGUST14, 1943--General Clar 1. s l'cn t e morm ng at t e Heo.d ur..rAG t""rs, nnc1 in hE! afternnon,. ar.conpn:nied y Captc..in yles, rove in t 1e se an to General Ih.rley ' s Hea un.rto1•s at or -aux-Poules. Conferring wit. G"-neral Do.wlc "'or a :,01it an :ow...,. e then nr,,.P ac ·n the direc ,ion of ~os t..ganer a-rd, .::to ,ping off jus ea3t of 1a.r·c.c a, e left is car and,, '.Ya ing o the each, jnspect"'d the 131st FA Pa al.:ol:'\, comt':anded y Ltc Ccl. Green 1 wLicL was under[;,ojng tr1:,,ir,·ir,g in t f' loading or its ;I.05 Ho'.ritzers on Dukws. T 'e Gene al · s going o look jnto t e uoction of 1;,,.ether or ,1ot trese r:owitzerc ca.n f'ired ·roM. du,_•1::;.... t ey a1, roach t, e sLore . So ro.r a::;; is rno~m, tJ-ie s 1 t as nev""lr een made o c 0 tris . TTsjne time fire and &.. lo.. rajectorJs ,hese ... ould rove very effect"i.vl"l •1aa,1,oncagu.in.Jt de en ing cha e troo s, rol vided the di:. 1o ,, ill stand u to it. Gcr,Jral Clark , en vi.site ·, e Cor1rnand Pos of General ,1c.Ike:r> Co'T'mandl'l'lg 1e Jt;,, D"vis.;.on, and chat e witlim nr' variou::: rr rr:1Ars of ·s ..,tu:'f concer ng ' .el rog:rAss :i11 ra511-i,,g r:..n ·n .1:-rer..ratio"l -f'or loading. Tl f' Jf,tJ:i. D v lsion is a good outfi • I .., o:' ic -"rs arr-, 11001 a.rv' le .. rel-heb. ed &nr1, i:..s e.11i,,rnl Clark ro □o.r1'::ed 1 "T · e lr ::.egs are l.i.ke the .orse 's - rn~it. er too lon[, 11 or ~co shorts ju::t long e,ough o reach t e e,:"01md& .. ile 1n t e JGth Division area, General Clark a f"ne to un into L ,. Col$., Crawfor al"'r, Der olrle rr.r 1ad co¥rrun '.er at aBons ·~n t 1e lc.n ica an ....a.l::..o in s·:cily.. Th~:; uere ou or ass frorn t e :!o::, j tal Le, e they have ~ n recoV"'Y'ing rom \Vom~.s received in ,e ..;ij cilian 0., rntion. T e..,e men �1st D:iv~s:i:m o.".,.icers, ar( 3ign the ,o t :i to , 3"' l Divis ut G"'nerc.l Cln.rl 0"1s ,here t eir s go··ng co, at e. 1 e~ a~r ~wo 3,ec.l l"ience can he , +,i.lized e 11Jmost., The Gener .... ' r 1 'kc,,_ a 1 <' • look a'L co~~ ~~rio j,.,P~s ~o•n,1 e :;~ l o• • W'c. ·e rur'1.os tiat General ~ :, ac' j 1 ...,.; .icked ,, ~ :; cl-al' P. ..... 1 :... T 1,.,rc u.. ...... co11i-,le 1 ", ,1,,,i ;l'f'l 'L'-t.. s ...,o··nL _,r av r-,-. e:r-o.l f'oro.n e,...curE. or F"f h ..r1:1y- ec.rl.quar ,,-rs. L Clark t en visi ~G "r>'er·c.l Co~lesf I:eu.,1 1.1.art rr:. till ry <'leer o" t e ... /)th Div· .. ion. T '& t,.,..;•t.ill,:;;r ··::; ready ., al', 1 c g Colonel ,..: ... :,eek> r '19rr.l Co..le"' ,xec11 ,ive Cf'".:_c,.,,..t _r ~..,tr.;, o t c Sf''rious if icnltj .., · t '3 '.1ay Q,;,. l~..,_.:.. 1g w-till ..:i:· d11! ,:::, .•i.cl .. tl e :mr c::,e 1 ar. a.vall('.,_tlr • Ever~ ort i:; :0· 1r b e, · nade o secu:i~e dukw...:f'or u~ r:: land~.1 g tl- & civ··sio c.r ill. r o1. G r ..,·al ::, t r t Gr-merc.l Clark t e 'r ff' nee ,o swim o t e .my 1 ome• · I" •' is v.ill& ""rYr :::11,Jr , z ck" lr,g O- for a ..Ji-:J(;u...,T > 1.,, u le ,.1-: '~u.r,.·h r u., , ,I" ( 0'1. e • ::.11 11"' ..; .., • rreil q; .. ln.n tliat he c:n< b L ·•-}C..G0r "\:.l.C't~ I as a ""tratr.>g-' c rese1·v--, u~ 10UgP ouglrt in C air r • i..1 ,e the r"'c.,y,. n.·, tl e 5.31s ~ ~hore eei1nen ' s / .... a"1X.:.ou:::ly a a.:.1,iric t. ,,, \J icl. 0 ar- . ,.,.n release to F' "tT A''"!s .... ·, i.., 1· ::i cil:" to the O an a: 0a. . ri or 1er to • ~::.1•ut e. u.tions h · cl is 1 0; 1e to -';c.ke -pluc · o 26th of 1•g,1st > U,.., "'u ore ree · ,,... ·, ..r.0,·ltl c.rr.tve c.t (.,.u.. ".lot la.";er y' .c.n 20t • G "'~' t.::. GrP.ent or ecorrJJ"end:J tr ut :; o a.ree de.tr e one f,. \. ) t. o · .J �9( day fa,.. each ay af er the 22-t.1 · ha t10 :ho e egim nt c...CroL c.rrived . 'e , 1ief of 8 aff .a::. de u careful study of he , o::.~i ility of c.tta king nor t h of !..C a. r has tm•nnd this location dovm i I avo:"' of t .c or g:1nt..l AVi LA !;crr; lan to :::;rike at 3 ':: f10, The rea ... t"or t is is t e or, fc.ct t at oacL.es 1or 11 of ,Tl LES are ad f'or landing o J ra:i,io,,s . Gen ral Gru,;n· '3r recO'llilend->, ho,:e er , at c.n altPrnutiv0 lan b" .r'J w'"" for lar. ine no1 h of n LCS,. r r'l1"'Tal Clark ag:reqs und s··ate-s t iat s:Loul 1j ':J;j f.,O the n OF .., L ::-">T. e r, i z .. send some roo 1 to he s 15, nor o:: t o la11d there ,. oriorrov; i on o ecide w ether or not O ern ion ,ake 1laaA . T. re is ever; indicae selected , * G;. ·!Et~-A urru.:.T Corima.nrline encral f elv Ml C At ,.. tod .mn anxiou.:i to go o 1e Tiead 1.1.l.rter"', ,, , Colonel ruca 1.nsi3tc1 thc. t P emn.in n is villa , ' hich e d :ro·-1gho11t~- e- day . Ca , in yks )roug. ·. hiii1 n.perc. from tir,e c ine J ::,,.nd e o.cconipli shed a good eal of ,.erk roTTIh . s ed . t..n (cfs) The C 1. ( of Staff r->arly 5n t},e G, rn-- rig 1Jy r-lune for ~ l · i e:r-ss c.nd is ,..1 urn ~ H~ telc 1oned r.t nool"'l ..:., a ing 1 t at Operation ' :... N HE 1 1een r' ecided upon and t at 0 e;ratio'1 RTi',.:;s , ,11 le not of ::cially c eclarer~ dP-c.d 7as c~:rtn.:i.nlJ dormarJ.t ; T e s.rget date i~ t e ~t. or e temb0r ~ a very sort time Pr,ainG for co le ion of :r..... ining and lo ding ortant .J anc wl c.t rtay e azarc!ons ; o ~E.ro.r:- ion . Ggl"'leral Grven t er re urn rl to h vi lla nt 2 30 and i ~m~ ia,ely ~Art to General lark ' s room v,here , his supper 1aving ,een rou, t o h:1 on a tr ....., y he 1•econ11ted t e o.c ·' v:i ,°"e::; of t e day a.t Algie r "' t o Gengral CJ.c..rk, who · li a e'1o ,o 11 r, wi ,h cager a ,tem,ion . T e r~".l., im ,or-tan , ;o.; 11t, nc·::t to he c.c ·,ui.l aPcisior t o xe ute AV. .. L HCTIE is that of t , ava .:.abili l y or lan ·nJ craft , und t11: ... ,oin ha.s ot yet een cleared u , T"Uch to t"Le dissati .,fac •iori of Gr->'19ral la.rt . T G -rii...,h O1•p~ , ,.,} i <': ~ s nov1 :::. ,:.11 011 Hs nr RB.:3 loadi'1g schedule s h&.s an enormous a.rnou'1t of lan ing craf • T c mericn.n 3~, rivlsj ons on t ,e er!.,___ ,. 1&'10 , as norn~. :nvm you a .d t e n.ct that landin~ craf · .,hLh ,e ri 1..,h do avr, is American 1 1 , t 1e si ,nation is t.11 ,11i t rnorr-i ageravating ~ GPT1eral IJlark {s outrager~ y o.t"' o u.f"airs .:..nd i., go."Y\g to s· o:nrl tc ob ain so-, ·itish O1·JS lanr ing craft. :or thP J~ , 1 General t a t he I orroc :... E'E'ls a grr at rieal of o imi..,Tl' c.nr1 old Gen,,.,..ul Gr ,mt ie i ~1 .,!I. L..;S . 1e evenj ng of : / 2 ., General Ch..rl:.. ahcar i n j.3 r-ive or n w:,, c-rndtt:;.n :i!'l 1.•r1::,:.i..ons :il1 1ia effor· . G"'ner 1 CL....k ,jll 1·otect .:.:::" f/o,,,,o,k'J itl1 , crican ,:::,1•c.. mt~ n,ace... .;;t.X ~ 0 ( G .-.a:ral orroc s is s ill intending to 1 sc raracLntists on th<:. .3 LlR,.'0 �1 T .,. ot U~ G n • ..... norrock:: 1 1::i.rl• n ~v~ila l o Genarn.l Cl talit..t1.., urn co ~~ OJ.'v tt:f 1., ::..~-.::rtP.:l 1, 0 ,1 ..... le ~(' "•.trrrise · 1"'!!11.any 10~:. ·k ""'cls > t ' 0re or , ' s;.'1..., 1,u.:rat:roo ).., on the n.l · o -t &~. secnri 1g it f'(').._' •x.,s· 1'> morr nt . ,-. 1 vie.. f :, · s nev: · ntei:::.· · g.-."'~,., rP.nero.l i U (J.,/J( 1 as 1 v .tl.~ 0 1S n.ir or e l"'O('"pC . ~(Y"'l'.,\_..,.,..,• '1'-~ Ge119ro.l j s anxious f'or to t, ir, ,o arrive, or J/12 ..,:, o.s to mo1 He ma: r u. 1" r.. rang0mP.nt s , ·. He want_ .:; ....1·r 4 h -~o ,rot_c ••· ·d.., "lan to n .tr( 1Jc;.rcC: ,o c ri <::eno tlwv:.ird to,m.rr 1, ne t...,.t a't0 ,-. i' u.rmo ::..t u.Ck r..._1r ' &l::io go • ne ~ eood . ·S J J .•r tl1c. General pln.'1.::: a ,k i1 is off .:.cG r..nd bh" c.y c. ,.,r 5 ~: 11y pln'."'"' +o ..,• <'•• l:;• tu confer i I,h I}, nE;rc.l .a_xu.."'.. s1 i e:-:., 15 ,1 :. ,. ,y Grc, ., of 1e . er L r F if h Arm r • s ,, ra . ~ re hr..:. 1i:ts nir,' to .,.,,,:e ___ t.1:.c nns to o 1t...,ir nddi i.ono.l lanc:··r\,, ·• "or Arnerico.n roops ., t ..... t~he 1rescnt ::.:tuat:.o!l · s outrc.[,t.:.O".., t Ame:ricc.n people ,·1011:. 1 , ~ sl oc ced to r. P. cor if ,' ey 'me. ..a, ,o mace ~ cm Gcn•~l'al Dawley came to t 1, ..-..:_11c...,o C''"'"'f,r w:t G ~nerc.1 CL:..rl:. c.nd uide ,s 0t...J.itu.in i"'ea,1P h~ _,, It.,r v,:it.. 0:....~~uin yles ..hlle GY-1A· al f;lu.'t11{, 1 ad. .... u.l~ ec.t ,, 1· ..,t...:ir ..., "'...... y ...,_• 1·.::.l,011e '...o som of tie 1 ,.. c 1 m~, t mrn.,tl~r C 1i '.l · 1 e pro L. "S s 1l"eGentnr t,Q t 1G Cc,r "lend" e "'n<3)'c.l, ir.;. ,or ..... •ost of ,,l1ese p·() lcms 1}, "' a ..c, o~c. ·t13I",.-:.al na :ire u.-1''0 . ~,;t .......l L, r,t... o · .::.oln ,lon a:, e r r1:1::1!3nt mon 1t} 1 1•1t as ~ ~. si untion ' v ~ p:: GenP.1·l ,..L.• t .... .1. w::.11 1: r.. .L, ,o I'lc.',:p c'~c· sions r...r111 s:: ~ m down o · ::: su.1,n•dl1111t?. command,1 er., o.s rapir!l,,r a.s · hey 0;111 a ,sort t en . 0 ( "ST .tG1' 1. ~:E" A GTT~T J :r.-143Generc.l :l..r,c, • la~·L ,....., acl: ln the 0r--r1("\c oc.ay c.f'l.,e1· is :)rio.:' ; llt -~ ti.~ C .jr,c.nt the dn.y d"i::::cus,:iing Operation AVAL/.._; ...... i'th vt..r7· · ou~ n ',aff o:'"icer .... '}<>neral ho o. ~eti r lievod " om ..... :eignment Di vi.,. O:'1,s, ,.t +,o Firt· ...·my ancl .,'-'-r Ge1 ~rn.l Clark t.o1 day. Genu· ..... Cl:....k a,1 l • .., corr • ng 8,'Y'Q j a, ' rr viou::::ly ..,O' nc.l'r <"'"t Gonisr1....l ~ n on ,. , J Le""' er o:..·not Roosevelt :ould e a~r•r ti... le ,.,o J · !' r...s a. lia:L,c.,... rriy c.t L Leu.r\;_ t:u...::+,er3 . J ·• n s '" 1 ··1l no·t ._... "'- Cn ~ .USJ · UC J :.t s t.. u ""0 d 0 C..CCe '.., ,.. Jl '----'- Rno .;,OVC 1 " · "11 • , · v r> Gen"'-r&l 01<-l't- <. ...,: • it , '1onerr...l Ju · ·1 r,,"'Jc.r1~w·t' u.t I"'.. nerc.l Ro,,snvel "" ~rr rJ __.: ,..,.1 -'.,c. l.,ic., <'r-,r dr-lnk~YJe. ::::!:'•nt0rvier. '· ..., f' ru.l ,...L.rk mt., ·t ,,,. ... :;_ ·'TI 1'"'"t ,, uouli " ' i, 1 d1·i ,~:1 Z on hat ' _ ( :-ri:ii tt tl cnr o Go T"' -f·.'a no+, ( neral Clc.:rl. n-o'- t.. le 1, - ... octo..r ·"' ra,1 inz Ge"ler.... '5-~:• l, .., j_l:Jd,, 'j u.11 !'..... jc ,.,r Co 1 ~, 1hic' .u y_ c ~ "' ; _,.., n..... rollJ.,., -11 ·gna~r .. r•~ 1 ~ eral Ge"l ,~al 7utle Da..l..,J 5, roT" Jc. 1 Gomc..! 'i V t e �1.nfor n~tio a cop of a eornrrunlcu.tion 113 .... otr•s c. let er .('rol" fi'...,"'l"c...l Pc.rsb'-'-1::. ~".ml·rg wit1 t1e at · udE of 'lr :::old · ers A 10 "'l'lr o: i-.:"' t .:.scu::::::ion of th ( .. 5~c, > General m njoinAd 1 e 013w1r c.1 r -· e lAt' corn""la1Y"er::; o" tl f Jn:i ,e( S c.te::: r11yto ·,c.1.l.G :::uch s o c a.., ~-J' nee:'.oca.r~r to proviJ.~ J""1u::.~ clo:1.g t 1e~e 1 ·n __ ·fr, I:..,-i ' ~I'g 'l"ai io- ./'or th" H,tn, , confl c , - i cl lie3 ahea 1 of our "orM ....1 fore> ul ir .1t, Tic ory .. i.11 )8 ::..0h vec' ~ Ee call~ ,, 1 .,or t "' cc rnt:...'rt< t0 """' r ,..~ crci...r-:. e le.a1er .. ·r., ..it out ~1h c1 ..: · i:::: cr · -:· ci.lly fr' or ,an, ........ <'&n ~ .. -i )t t..~r.o• 1,l~i::: t ~ ~o' j your ro'll 11 Th·._; SU j-ct ir., a .... ,mdn.rnonvc.l 0.'1<" ,,~tal 0 ~ . -,_0fCflf..' f.,C oi.' .io.ckgrou·1ri 0.11.d j (;cta of~, .... I,rC'J.,nt \,u,,' .1, and t_ ol uc'e of :,he ·..- ~ v:i nu.al soldier to\,O.l'a t 10 ':., ,. u.'r\d '<A .,&r·' 1 n enm,y 1.ro·1i e . e 1 .,· ~ 11 on wl i~ 1 1 lis0i1cl • r1 , 1 "'rL.L.. t. r, f' • i11+ i • ~ c. )il · y &..~'r l1uilt . I, xu i..., e·:; 2-r t t' 1 u·'. -t gre:::.t r .:...j01"i o·" soltlie:rs f · g ,t ..~11 o--ily so long t-y t...s -. ey ·•co.liz.r- •i-t ( nece:::cit., r-f doin[:; GO 3J r'us 'I-, , oroue1ly ir.1 ...,,11". i7i'l.h ..... u •1-h es ·re to seek t,e enemy 011": i C'lo~_, ,it1 irn ard e:.· roy 1· m. O (l 11 ·artfoukrl: 1it / G .1-. rierict:...n sold:ier > t -ir, ut.a..1t , e Cc...!1 11ot 1 nJnn : or :7'u.n-L0c" but rw.;,1,- ,, '3Velo er el~ 1~rc..t<'ll:, ~n.refully c.. r' ·\n c. l1"o.:l...'1""'1,a.3ec on fac :.. 'f- ....t a.re col" elli ~. he :.Jier.:.cu.r.. ...,JcJ_-'l~ ... ' vn ah._.,., s AOn -i :::olc:Led to ron t 1e c. es o.n<' "C'c.:r::.. t · c 0J: ol 1or·l( • L • )Orty '...... s eir orefo. :1er., u•·1<~+ PY 1ave 1 · ~ rr' ('or so r .....y ::_0nf1 a+,ion::. ·•-n __;njoyir.ont o" the ('fr< C::' vi.C :ree orn::; ..... ,1 L.t ~• A ·"ul.1 -1-1 "o,-.. erantr-> • T · s necessary t,-, ,..•ng to t o·r c.t" .,,.,., ion cv' ."'_mwu..,ly 1 -~.+,c,l , ,.}·le co u· ·tio:ri::: o" ..,lc..ver' t' ... ,..ev-uil t 1 •tn -1-}, co·ntrio.., unde'r' A·-""., < yr·· •r.,: ion - 1Lere 11 -·,..,s0 i-o o t COP'~ 1 lE:'' 11ly ro ·"o"'m to , ,., ,~ _,· ' ~ c"' t eir 1"ulers r....r<_·f·r- 1 ,.., o t ei ~ ' 1 1 ..1 Jc,r y ::,,n, c.re su 1ject o ,'c ,orta t io11j ,.. orcocJ :=.t. ·0.,,, ,..'\~\centJ•._. ,io:1 c:...rn 'S or ac. b. 11 '.Ic a., ... ur, oursnlvi" ·h::.t t e :n,1vi1•,e,l :i crtie:::s '· - -' :..·ofncs • onal l :.;or ·,,1,.,:/.es o" OT' f'om, ·.,.:yr._. ,..ct cPfec .t P.~ t..!1 L ~t , ris fr"'nc'mn~ J s .... u · ct not. o.,..<'.'rim .. .l.r ,1 1 ... l!T t ~ ti .,, to t.i..v yon ,:,.,.,Ou O~.~ ')'1P1'1 chL.ru~ I '_ • _, '·s ~ CG.!l only n ' ,r~ tory, ~· C C1.,•l :v ,el ,E" r,; o n o o ,., .... '•tore 01 • /31 COfl'l"l~'' 'o· S ~ "" OL'.("i~f.'1"J l0 mor(> .("'t'(' ri' ~ t conl oir.ved 011t n T"- ti -0 ,.; ,.,'' t:!ir-J can \ 1ri r('c" l'A.:, 11 s + y L.ny ..,~,.. 'r'OUtin~ 11';."' r i' ,u ion of J r ~a :r..., +0 t ,.,· e,,, "n un i .... ,.;:ir.:.ne ,n::;.nner co,1- ,c "A · nformr....+ic" •"~ , nl.1 v·· c ·• ons t · at V cy t er-::..l· 4 #< c01•-.,1 y,. +.o hori · rd· ·};.s not only 'l•111t .;ei.+·,..,::_, .. .('10f'C~S "r...nr· ~..,, and lj eu ai + • 'h1, n ,y ~ ·0r1es {..Il 1 E .., "'e ,l c1efl 1-'l: • ave you G~Ve th1a ""at, er your care "ul 'Lhoug' anc a➔; en~n orn m ...s to / I"! eans v.Lic 1 you r re CJ"l ,loy · ng in t · rrc lo t I .. 1oul(l li 1rn ~o :,e :i"'l ormed of c.n:" i dic ...~ ~,.· c::c:-r er·~• e ne 1ods usnr . .f"l"'l �- ke1 ,(.. ' '1:...Ul'G t e l.l .... ai. any ir , - rr..1_ · n,o at 1• i. o<" . ,,~ (;..r-,, + ,.,. ,t.rc's ~ lett--r 1 or . or iS r:oranr ur. ) can 'L'10 ene,r •~• ff V .. -~; :{ ~~ 'CST 111..ll'EI'- Gr:.t'.., T'C' ..:i-.u>Jf;tT....:"'"' Jr'U... 1~, 1043. Lo::..sr• u •T • .3 .. L '1'T .. - •• /'l' r· , a:i, 07 0 tlr "... M()"•'"i'" c.,j j ournr•:,ed tc "I'm,.,,. L. .., C.-JC0!1 '""' ,..._n "sd fJ., 0t.. ~L.i 11 T:lew s, / air or· :..~l Clnrl~ !"'r,, u , ·o S:,.. 'acu ae . ··( ..., topped r : "' 1"'• ~ "1:· o.t 1.1..., r · ,:i c ',-~nc; up Cc ,lo, Gl ,.., -1:.,.,,,1•s 11-.3 I l y ' , ...,..... Ale./ l'. .;; o "J' , • Gi:>.,e, } . •orn , 1·a.l ~lv.1' loa.rneC "' c," p, . ua . ~ C o'·e l of ,r ~ . ).' J. ,Le., lu.G O ' ' lt.i''C ) t,lat s·1c~.... •·o:-roc:{s ~ , ' , Jr,rru..nd ' re, '1-'1oru:2.. rf ., C '' . Cs nc.s ..-.j l'~(.( l·~~t 1 , ,~· g -i~ ...'1 ..... ,:i · •13 r .... ,, <· ~i ;;.rr ·n. · · .. 'T'l ·' nj urie.., t..''• f 7jnve ,o ,.., q• ,to -:Jeverc. T1 · ...> •• s a .. .... l(,.~ <, .... \_ ecAi L '\i~ ti.rt e:.c,....,~ .,..,., i-'oc .....~..., u. ~r-· lAt.tlo.,,. e.nr we..::: v::.1: G 'it , 0 "·lll IJOn"::.dn Cl -· ,, ~ ~(' ' ,. r : .m of t,1 ~ !'lfl i, •.. Co: ~c.11,.,in '111e'ln.l :'·"£·'/ L... , s ,,rny t 1, ,,,,, 1 .: u , 1 1 'T J, 0 Lu,,,Jing o., ~l .".o~rn1.... • u::.,.1or ne::.:1 '" 1 r~· ~i Gc'1 rt...l ra....• \78.S c1r' ver ,o r I'e .. \ fU:J. -.ers o: : · riu~on .... G ,,...._r~.l... ·1 n ~··::.:... .... .. ;r .. 1....r....11....l "'ec't · ' i r' ,re ,z r e ed,r ,•e, ·i.1, o a CO" ,, •'("l~ce Ht ';' ~ 1e... J ( • " -:--::_, S i ~Ti-Ch/}"'"lt:11•1....l... ~ ·'..->1ray, Coml'1._.,, 13 •.• ,., "':,1r1 :. •. •~ .·ne Jlv.i.:::~o~ $ r,- e,·"": Du.r.'1, Go"'ITT!a'.1d.!'r1e, m.,., ::;, ,1 l t ~ (;::...·~r::.ur Jl'l8"1(\ urn' o·~ ·-:t or .:.c~·r~. "'1 ~ ~ C(')l'll"' r "l"C m,.s ::?. eur1 i• · J ~C, Co enoral ClL..r 1 ~s ' '9 !1 , corLAm rtr ., .•,. i .,.: ,,. , (. r u · n~ -(., I l~'.'16.:) 7 T,,...,;a ",., .._ le ~ 1 L.n' cont-L h ;_, r 1" -r- Cyrcrnlsn 1 Vi ere he rm~ to s ec G~11tJ'.'ci.l 1.lexnn 1 ,_. i 8011 o runcing "v1e 15~1 ;\.,•,.y Grau . :ro.e·r ) J •, ..... ~ -V~ . .i.· -1 u "'·1 1.:.s ·.!~).'"' .:(.;~:rou.; of.., '"'1'\: • ~ 1 co-icr>,...· ne t .. ..... t!1e .... 'Jr'"le i.:..•ur.i.""' are 1 .... + .:... 0 1 :...1.y in .t-"c:1.t:'.. ;.. on ,,.'........,,. :;r.r{Z r' t.. GL.1'~~ ..,u')r-·ttcd hi ... )le, (' ... er1fr·1'°' t 1e ua~ '"'... ir " 0 1 ,.'(; 1-""'~~ ul U 1 : ....11 ivecl t 1 n r>nt ·, ...::. ..,t~c CC""lJlC"ldc.tion ..... o.: ..., .k"''-'-""'.;z "'cdcu."' . r:, <,,;:'t:..J..., •·,, a ~d D· 'R·' r ..., <>-.1) ,l o i-.v. • , , · · , luke t..rm on tl .i :u.. , ~.ro:co) \7Cl"'e ~~: .1:--' v.. ~ , u~ Ll 1 .1. 1·.v. ~ C :' u!.\ren 1e .... lnn . h., ..:.:i,.u.u z u.,..,d cr• \ ... "-.. .....Hro· ..., ·t ; 1cm::., 'T' ..:: ,1-v....... 'T'1 '..., J; l::t•·1l"'G.11:., . :or -+:Le use 0: 1,' 8 ~'1,;.__'1~li.i l '•. !.' 1 r, • V • ..... on .... lone ·l, (; ,re::..r ~Ul"nt"Ir,: '.l'.' 11( J. ·r: yr I c.nc~ G.. ,l.CUln.l'l.Y '-'-w<.l-.J.. ,... ' JC city of ,J;, TTA. '": ,<,,;-~l'ul. .l ~ tu.' .L '-' " c•j,.; .t ' o2 ;,i ,, t 1)(,v y ro·c.chut, a."'r' uli dJd ·p, 11:::i".lg \;ie Maximum ::..·.. ,n1n Ff, •· rer,c.i11 · ru ,1•00 1,.., .J. e _1>~, ai:l 111 '1rou_:l· - · n · ..,.·011 soc. a ' ..:'..11 """'" a '_1.., div&rc·To1w ., ·""o:c , +,o t 110 3out1 of he riv r . -' G·me:c 1 n · dc,r .... ...:.,,....J'r .:.n o .. .... J •cio" to t i on in .,111 01·L of his ef:or ,., "'' sion to ' ,l- ; t..:i.11 ef"ort sou, of ··.;.:::..,.;.., ..111 -l'f'\.,..!l' c. , lun o~ t:10 ..,,in -~fort :::..nd n.:.ll :... .f"",.;rcl u (',_, c;lnally • --t,-,ndA "f"'ll' 11::; i.l'l ·Lo J OF SA.i.....; ' L., .... _ns / in t "J 1"'u.1 1 0cc n -~ .1. -"'c,cE',.,,1 ,P-11. G !""31':....l •L .... ~ {,\,o ".l"' ic~r~ <- ,cc. 1}-'L.,1yi1 6 !;1.L:- ~ .1irr. r·ac l" b i•1 V, vl.llu. s r ~ ... Leo::;.;: it .-.·:, 1 •t. l ,.., .1. "0~_,·1ly c.... \ ::..:..L,\ ,.:.· 1 • G0"l ):!'al ..,J.:...._..{ C.'1, 1.-·, ~::.; pro<.:r "<Ld u.,. ~"",:ai.·c\, ·';o the Lu. ".:i.r:c;u J:)Ol' u.i.i. : ,.,... u:f, 1425 o·.u•,., -1-, .J ·'.001{ r, _ _ 'i"1 t... B-r' s ( scort'9d b:r , , ,. 4 ,,',,'0 p_-:,,.,_ r '"'j •"c,1• w· .,..,.,r1;_,C 1 Ul.':J:'JV111g O:G r;•,• i~ ... 1 C..1.C ·C•l:'' av 11 l~ " (" ' • r. ,. • • , ' • J c., ,.._u. .) '.). 1 1 J I"' )... -T J;;.J. ........... , There ·,y c-. •T•,:.,,.L'3l"n' 1.iz ,', "orm~:·l~ l"'r-.-.3rc.l C:!.n,..l:::: ::J,,T,, y l ' C1i: ' e: of ,. , -., C' ~ _.._ of ....: J J,a"" ,e, G-:i'1r .... .a. .:under . .... \,; r1 • 0 l l.u t... out un .1onr ·,~ CO"""E'1'..,U,l/"'l:1 .;~-~11 1r->n 1' ..... L m't zer u..'•· n 1· 'tg ·· ·,_, i. Lc..1..> l for o c:' -~.i.0n to ... '.i- j r. nerc.l Cl 'l.'k 'Lhon er te1 · ci into cor.:: .;' r ce c.lc ,.,'"' ,l ·h Gene:r:::..lJ,. ,m.rid 1· a.t lc,i"O 10111·aund con-':;i,..Pe'. j_,1 confer 'l'l~C ,..o ..... hom· ., He l 1 stn.toc' J a·';, :, e conclusion of t '~ c011£erer c., , +h1.:..:G ,..,,_;::c .nl "'..._ ~ ~r .u..., '..,.l 1 tho"'OU~ ly in a.ccor,, .:::.-:,1t: ·, i,Ln i:01· Oi:,v'".._1,ion.1i,lii.LA..'-:::: :s- ·n pa' """ C' l,_.,_: ~, J 1 0 �j11 a~mr or t·1 c...;1. 1; ~ rne ,1 n ., ~l .u. ,"' ,, "211: 1. ~r rn ..,_w "' ,Ct..."' .... d Generul _ l idg ........ u,.(,'t.(,. .Y ·1.J~r : ac' u. 1 roved Gen_rc.l L:• 1 .J v J T"'I.. ~ • - \ :....,· C '• Gcmr>I•a.l n er r J ro::ci l'J · rr er eJ:1tio.... of •1~......rt:I:, .., ..... ,1cl CCl'"l,ai11 .., )0 : •• I lu. • Z"""-'"-tc . Jrc1 Divini(,,. > • hie .... .1- ·, .J im ror ..;.;ci'.:.y ar;; tL ,1 ,o akc c.~u.ilrr..ft i,... ,L ,::.11 made a• ail bl o tru. 1i.. ;0.1.'1, j t.nd a fe.1 of is ...·i:..f-" o.r::.G11 rc.l "' ···.i...c t , Gf ,.,;J ,'.;r 1 D vLio1 ce1':; . ·11 ·~(' ort ·o Fi.ZtL 1 J Fortur1e fa, th3 li.;Ur f11t11·e ,o r Jcwiv v· rec..,ion:3 i:...., ,o .: o.1•-f t 1 _ Jru Divi:::ion mu 1" Cu.ll ' on ·o :L.,. J FiftT, i 1 : '.:.:ieutenn:n- Colonel Du.r : ,, of -t1.< Lu.n ers, ~ ny Fortune receive :n-"o .. f'lc.tion O' · of .c,, """ i-1 rt o o :....".lg('r "la• <,I.lions c,,:r,orc.tion. Ge 1eral Clar.:.: Genei'al Gir ( .t .., ul:.-:o r;oi...,G :.G.,ice 01 :f1 .:.rmer r:.::Ll1 G e aske 1"1 rk' Ss lia.i.,on _. llcd to answez· 11no 11~ ·n v:.c., o , l-,,-r>n ·ea,l:r,-.:3 .,he 111ili .... ,j1 ...1 ry xPv-':'._,i.011or 'os ,agnn rr t/ "o..,,, e ".'lem, t,. joy::: a. wit t, ,,, .t:l,,r G::"'J c ..... i::: CTonr· .,. •• ~::; ve y , • .k- ii,._,.:Lionas t..r c.'°' 000.t "'r .... tio nnn1;r.:..l Cla"l.. j Colonel 3ram1 '-'-nclCi:.. •tr..:1-r- ~lc..., ..,r-- ,.., th~ nicl.t c..; li'ail' n : ·•ch i:.,, L: t...JY..,,nco 1elo1" c .....1 C'f ""r• • .. cily .-. I -t::; loc, 0d c ) -.,t / l igl,t "lea.r Genorn.l .i;. lnxt...nde! ' ::: Hea,d uu.r "'rw ..... > l .. :r:i 1 i::: H, ' ½.... 1J ...... :.....''L _. C'O r:, ,.,ic· ,..; mer ly of t nt~ . field,, 4 * Tt: ' r:-..: ,i.LG!E .s-•nsTAG 'J::"'rr * L0 a.Ying Ci 1 <>li t..·1· urt ~l , t.in .rle a.rr:.vel c.t ...,1 Ac, ·tnc. "lP·,r to 'n::.so., P,ln~n e , A-ri•ri f; ;..ur:i..... l'; , 194 I" L" C- '/", .} th 1 '"'irnl .... /' c ,,.,_ il::. .,J., of I" re: • • ft :· ., For tune "vu. ,e ..... .(>t_,,.r ,oor ·•n ""' :::ierie.., o" -r- 0 to o: t 1 r...,, GPne:rc.l Cl~.:r1c +1~,,_r, ,.,.,,. .J.he s 0u": rcncP::: cone r •· l, o \_,;, c• 0 �(, tion :... 1,un er of h'::, :.· n.ff o ficers .dth ., II l·mrnor tl :....tt. o wounc.1roceivc(' 1~~ Gon0rn.l Horrock.., had '3n made I u.1 a.i.1• ~ru..." m..... · '16 gun , 'I'! 0 1110 , t..· 1 [;0'1v t .rough \ ·"' •.}dy and had J ch e .... c hi-l: i 1g any ~r,: t ... ar s , 1.,.1 · t no, ::... ca , l 1,-0t..r... that E "'"'O"': •.; .•.:.11 r> lt.1: ~ u r ;roe or ''\y,r ~1<"' tL., . .. _o· , ,:i.., : ·1,;lc..f'!l-'t1en · '."lill )•~ 1.... ''lot 1 th:,_, ..{Ur .;tion of Gen r..... ..le--t..n2cr .:no • 1 ....,3 ye , .. ii 1en l'.i<:: ~0rc...l GL.r:: as,,.cr ln.s. nizht , e me nm:. le to eive u re l.r.1- ......: ri0 m ..,,.,r>" to 1.t ,ms E...Vt:.:'1r.. lo o ay,. ic , nfor u1a. ,e t 1a Lor,·ocL ...u'll noL l-;( ::... lo o serve ,. ll.S ") :.md coT"lm ..... nded t'·"' .. _•·~i:Jl "Co call ·1e ,va, acro.:i::; Li. ~ti. l:...ndTuni;:.;ic. . 0 Enemy jn,, 0 11.:bcnc0 hut. r-c-~1 c->ceivcd to 1e nffpc·, Lat ·. c S Lu...'!O i:..r0u. ·::; no'V'r occn ied \/ [., unt ~ .7000 G r11un r 001.Js s m:...inly ""lr../'A u of V1e 1·tT ranzer D:!vi..,.:on , a ..oll 1 no ..n o.nd :'::.r..,-1; li'1e l"'r"'man ont fi • T, is :'ur •.nr :.J: 1 ,ho.t Ge:.·mc.n a · r orne oz p m··~o. 'lortL o:' •T I ·,.... , .:~;c1-- -is 6 oi'1~ o n t·"', ·-c-, of y the ~2n,i A '1' o:-rn viv·.,•o. \1L.e h ·n• t ..;...;eGerman trorp.., o.ve arrive: i~ :, _,... ·mal com'.,. 0:' evmit.:: t:L' no : · t 1cr t\cy c."re leal'no< 1 cf 01 r 1-,.:.'o cl u:L ,0.0:. le not kno,'11.1 11u :in o.n ,o.:, evrmt it a en.rs ao t 01l£P t, Mcric>.... c..r,rJ"3rj ,i..,h roo s 1:..rr ...,o ne to re .. ri · cei'lo o r o.::.i .io 1 in O 0ra.tio·1 .A A • ' 1 '; IE" i A 1805 Gen,..ral Gl..i.rk a. rrrt1J.l'11i +,o roisy 1 s ain5 ""le 1"an ing Ge ·v1ral an •i:::i aide e · ore go.'..ng o ed , Cll. tt. .i'1 ..,. Jlu::. J.:oo off from r~L.iDO"l n 1unC , "'i-.er su J1.-..J:r t' e villa s l ~ Comat t,. , r...; ~' i.... S".'rim·• 1 the • r!iterr::mean, f.l:''?~...:,,, 1 1043 .. e~ oral ".ilt. ,~ cl: cve 1,o e'Yler.:..1J .....le , r s {ot..d 2v . 1 Generc.l ... ·il• £., '."1( ....' 0: <} -i ~o- ~-l •1._: ·~ri ·· n pe "c, .•r.P1 .! G , "t...l ~;n.lL.,,, r... • :. '"'lil· ..... •\ ..:.l ~ T : •:...ny1 c' 'l •10 c ... r....vc :ine r.a ui·c tJ ,o.,,n~ , .~ ,.....re- '\,, .,,'l ---~:. '<) (" ,.. ' r r.: P!Oro or lo ...... '1g ' 1....l t' r• .,m•.prf,.·:i' r •• 1 1.......,·•+ "'"'s 1\.1.,lo~ 1 a< 4 n of 1 € O O'.i. -f,T,,,. ,.,,,... ,,.;, [:; ....... C/', ''s +• ~ a.n...;"' E .., ~ ·"c 1,..., . s, ,.'1.• c rr:c,~ •.: ~:: h 1•0, ... 'JL .. rk c.s rr,4'1 e .... '2"'11 •r,t~ w r.,.. ··c" ,o v11e s· •1 J ' ei Gen•r:....l r:lru•:.s ; ~cmc:.... e~-lt..l, ·~ comr,c • o"' LE:~ •-rlll c "''-'-'-~ /' t · eu+ en... t ~ '1 a le:r s Com ·~:,• i:)G Gcn..,ra ('"' T"' (\'. ,....,, •r., l'.:_ !Jr,,,..~ .... n ...... l"'J re,,,,, 1 on ,1 t1 .;plrl of ac+,.;ori, 1v,; er would i n no eve nt be v er y l ong s tho Cor.nranding GE'n~rc.l of F:i.ft Ar :; i... ~r"vir_11..,ly T'l1t.. t...n arra.n~/T' ,, u..., 'p ..... ·1 ri~ra.l c.. 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'-,f ............ �.L ~ .1::.11 .. .,olf , . ho ;1v..... on T"'c.i"1i G Ce'"'tAr. ..,•r 11"ru.l Cl.,.rL .or'~' e 1:,..h ...ta~f '1. r ..,_:l u.f.t. "''100'1 ·· '1 rrr. , re ' ll"' .•,,i to C .• of ::.c,.., , I U.}' fu"'" villa r..i.. r.-C_ ~l1. /"'\1. l~,:--1' .. uT ~:!.> l':'1+3. ... Cv a JG " . 'i w r "·tt .:cc• :~ 2 ~ ';r ·l ,..,·L r u.~ \, "' vo } ~ ... l .... ''1 · w II ... u._.,_u.u.r- t..nr:!. j ,JU,.; • u};iGu:c -L1 J : : &.V ,~ (''"' t ryn fTor~1r t ~,~. ,.. u. VG.J..'v. 1 u 1 ' r,.). ..,.:.,"-r rr .... P r, _ '"'l'. t' 1 , v,a\J l.: .., ::~ n l,:'~:.<'ic.... '"".Cet- • 1 1,.; w. ' en ... of °'io P U.i ~,~ti~1::brntJ bf b' rl.G i en work "--t., 1 e:re ~.,1 .; t;.Y(. P-· <' t.. •rr .,.. ( ·c0 ..... ~ ally .. r.r,., :" 1 ,le.rt I Lt~ (•no - a ....,,.:.L, ....... er • ; ... .t ., \, ,o.. .., F ~ari : ne., ,,_: ·F;c 1 1 Div ' ,/m s <n -L - "t..y. c. d G ,, ~ ul ..... 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"" 1 1(;.y l'"'.J E;ct·! rl:• . 1 11 o: l 1·..,,. ~ c a uJ: •1t::.o,.,J 's "0..;et er w.:.th Genera.l (i'l",l(-• t' :r, (} '1""T'u.:i. lJu, 10 ,1 $ r:.~ ""O.l ' all.er , G0'1C'l'G.l P~•c'l_ .l'.l" Gen rn.l LeVTiG a.nd n i C..... 1, fLu.i 1 -r;rle::i ,. ue:ce 1 nl' 1,,....c.i,..e'U8D ,G ::ct t 1.e vi lla ~ ·8.Jl' .'Jl•...::.~--A rG".JS:1 ,. 1,...,/+3-i'o a.; J 2+ ' ··1 :!..). .; i:-r.-,y I'} c·1~) ~·t'r·.:, e,1 ,._,,i, ·' J • •• n c a " or 11c 0 1, G r '"u.l Clur~~ 4 "'0 "eneru.l ~lr xan Ar ,o t11 .>"~:. 1 Div sion c.rea \l'rnre r " , o l}r ~1· ..... ~ ·· '"' r' ('; ed l 2.4 3rc egimrmtc.l ~ l ...-bn.t Tc ..... cor~n\...n m, 'a by ,olonAl ·• u 4 ,::. ,, r1r[.. o11 "T in i'oi·mc...tio · 11 a large f .i.cld . General Alexa <"r rie l y a. ' r1,...f'sr:,r-' ·}1e o " ic 1·s of t l"'l ret:;l'Te t an'" '!:,, n ' the regi....,011 ..... ··t )ro r u:- · n o ' >oc: te..,. s arir· 01iv::::.nc~ 1:...., ·o~::: a s '. 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".r~e, _ Lie 1te11c.. ,-' .1.. 1-,., ~ .. ::11··r"'...'Jr-· ,~n'! li. e~-· '' c, Nlt'Y .I Cr)"'lfl1a"1(' 'i"1: "'" ·•o::rock ....1 ;..., ( 1. d ,i ',' o'"' a.:.::.•orn~ ' "'ar ... J; ..... mr"""i'}~n ..... ~~, ( 1''.•..J . "cr;r,.,n.~·J uy ..... 1 P ~1 n ,.,L.,;l C .,J ~ ..t · r, ~ oak c.ny , . ~ :'~ u: ;, '1-'1.... ro.: ,g ...... ...... ~ n1uLc 1U'1.C 1 I" ..,U:."'y. } 'U-,,.-..>- V ~,. l -1-; ~, .:'.)"'- t..,..."{ ... ,,,.. ~· ,, h .'.'1 r: Qlif"'L,. j ,,.. ,,..,,.,..,u , GL... .... .... . - ,... ' u } .,. ,l,I,~ ~ 1 1-'-'b 'V , f) o:::- .. . ...io ~ el: .,, r,·1or ., -..1!'1J.. T 'l - ~ """ JI:,-✓-' ... l) • V 11 r o·" ,, r .... "_" {} 1 , l•1di:, .... . " "' 0 """"" 1TYJ·•a v··· ~ r.1a,1~ , ., u."11 ..J·L~ t "' • • • -~ .. J. J"l.. l, , ,..J..,, , '·. , ..]"" ~r '.:rf!"I _ _, '- ""u.u ; " .L CL '..,a .. o ·",om fo:.. l J. l ! • r .i~ ''' J .,u 1-. 101-. "':, ... ~..,~'.!.. '-u ~Ct. " ...>~· .r.,f\"'1.., ► S •.,! '"" v- ,y G,,...,ral ..., , -1-' m zf'll".I I• ... , 1'-'-'10• ~-• 1y~ ,, . ,oo.:.:c 0 ~ , 0 .i. -· v..- �{bl ll>STAGAIRM-•A'001JST 1943•-General Clark spent the morning 1n hia of• _26, f'ioe working . on papers and oont'CTing with ftrioaa ot his start on the tuture operation. · In the latter put of the morning he conterred with Brigadier .General lloSban7, who is Deput7 Conmamer or the 15th Jn,- Group's .lllJ0'1', aening 1n that oapaoit7 under Lord Rennel of Rod. General •oSherrJ' pat betore Oenen1 Clark the plan tor the ooordination or AJ011' personnel.~a J 277HI pauomNt aarri.oes,and tunotiona with ntth 1N7 Readquartara 1Jl Operation AVALAlDIE. A •cstion •de up or AIO)T pers<>nnel, beaded b.r Colonel Rae, w1l.1 be amped to l"itth Aflq and . will be Wider the oontrol or the .ConmandingGeneral during tm initial or m.lltar,- pbuea or the operatien while the territor,- in question ta being sabjagated. The aecstion will be considered as muaha aecstion.or t.he l'if'th knq Headquarters as, tor amlJ)l.e, the Qmrtemaater Secstion or the Chemical Warfare Seotion. Lt. Col. Sutherland, l'itth .lray' 1 a Lia180ll Ot• tiaer, will act as the go-between between this aection am the Comnanding General and CMet or statt. Whenthe attbjupt1on or the territor,- bu been oompleted and the llilltar,- phaae or t.he operation ia finished, the personnel or the AIIIOT Notion will Nftrt to the oontrol ot the 15th Anq Group, but it 111olaar that until that ti• oonea General Clarlc holds•• oompl.ete oontrol anr civil aftaira •tters as he does ewer ld.11• ••ben '817 operations. l In the afternoon it as General Clark's plan to eee acnwal ot t.he prhcipal mall.er units outside or the 36th D1Tia1an whioh are going to be a part ot the uault oOJffl)J'. Due to the tac,t that the G-.3 ottioer frOll the 36th D1Tision who was a~ General Clark u guide diet not knolr the loation ot the units to which he had been aaaigned to take the General, the whole ot the afternoon •• asted. General Clark, ao• OOllpl!ded b,- General Graenther, Colonel Salt nan and Captain Byles, took a late afternoon 8ria at the beach am then returned to General Clal"k 1 s Till.a tor aupper together. * * * ll>STAGllEM-Ailf TUROX•!l>STAGAN.811•-AUGtJST EL 'rl, 1943-General Clark apent the JIC>r'D1ng his ottice working on Operation AVALAlfCHE. about 1200 1n At General Ridgway, Coaandmg the 82nd Airborne Di'Yiaion, arriTed at the Headquarters and oonterred with the General in the ott:l.oe and at'terwarda at lunch at General Clark' a rllla. The subject or the discussion was the objection or General l>mm, ot the Troop Carrier Collll8nd, to the airborne phase or Operation AVALANCHE. General Dunn, who bad prm.ousl.7 aaquiesoed to the plan, mw tabs the J)Ollition that the re•suppl.7 problema •• it illpraotioable to oarry the plan oat. After oonterring with Genaral Ridgthe Comanding General prepared an 1ndorsement 1n repl.7to the basi~ comun1oat1on. The indorsememt set. out 1n unequi..-ooallanguage the C-IIIIDdiDg Oeneral.'• opinion upon this iaportant qaestion. •7, •1. I haw discussed this •tter with General R1dpa7 toda7 and I concur with his riewa as upresaed 1n the baa1Q oorrnunioation. •2. The uae or the 82nd Airborne D1Tia1on Task P'croe 1a an eH91ltial part of Operation AVALUCHB. The general plan tor its aployment has been OOYered b7 me in oonf'erenoes w1 the Oomander•in-Chiet, th General Alexander, �(D3 ( Tedder and Lieutenant General Spaats. It has been rq deunderstanding that all or theae OOlllll8Men haw appl"OT9d the ot Ail" llarahal finite llisaion or this task toroe, am that thq oonsider that it baa area• ■onabl• ohance or mooeN. »ming IIODl9 these aonterencu the Comor . •nding General or the Troop Carrier Comand, Brigadier General Dmm, •• present. this •3. PositiTe and praotioable arrangements tor the ~suppl,- or toroe IIUSt be •de without dela:,. Until I •• informed b;y General Ridpa:, toda:,, I •s not aware or the existence to in paragraph 3, basie oommtmioation. ot the doubta referred I urgentl:, request that the renpply phase tor the a!l'borne be aompletad 11ned1ately, and that :,ou issue the neoeesa?7 instructions to immre their aeoution. • 4. operation •s. It the remppl7 1a to be •de b;y a!l'oratt other than transport planes, it is important;that the Comanding General, 82nd Airborne Dirl• sion ba advised without dela:,, and that NpNsantat1Tes fJ'om ~ head• quarters oonf'er with hiJI oonoerning the lll0d1t1eat1ons which 1IU8t be •d• on the bombers.• ( · At 134S General Clark and Captain B;rles took ott in Cub planes from llostapnem and t'1n to QeDel"al Wilaon'a field at Ain el Turck where thq wre aet b)' •jor Morgan in one ot General Wilson's aedana. •jar llorpn took the a.oera1 and his aide to General Wilson•• .linel hrok Till&, where the 7 a1ted tor a tw m.nutq so as not to arrl:n too ear~ tar the appo1ntaent whiah General Clark bad at 1500 with General Ju1n at his R•dquartera. A tw minutes before the hour tor the appointmen\, · •3m> Morgan toot General Clark and Captain B7les down the rca.4 .to .TrGlff11l.4t and brought th• up to General J'uin' a Beadqaartera at preoisel:, 1500 hours. General Jllin and aGftral or his start, including General Rooae'Y9lt, l'itth Ara:7' liaison otf"ioer, ._.. - at the entrance or the Headquarters to • greet the Colllmandin, General. Aftc- reviewing a pard or honor, General Clark, with Captain B7lee acsting as illterpreter, spent about 40 minutes in talldng with General Juin and two ot his start ll!lllbera. General Juin •s, ot oourae, curious to lmow when General Clark plans to use his Prenah troops. General Clark'. answer to this question WU that he would UN them at the earliest possible acnent that transportation taoilities, which are extl'9118l:,lild.ted, would pel'lllt. He eat.hates that Frenoh troops will be brought into Ital.7 80M tilie bn■eeA D,145 and J}/60. Re asked General Juin whether the FNnch would be read:, by this tia, and General Jmn replied that the)' woal.4 det1aitel7 be ready- b)' D,l4s. The tint troops that J11in ia going to send will be 2nd lloroooan Dini! on. In the •an• the, at General Clark'• invitation, he is going to aand De llontaabert's 3rd Algerian DiTiaion through the hftsion Training Center, whioh will be kept running after the departtre or the l'itth !I'll}" b., the C-in-C. B7 ooincidenoe General Juin asked General Clark whether the General planned to eend an •Order or The Da,- to bis French Troops. General Juin nplained that nob an •Ol'dei- or the Da1"would aillpl:, be a letter t'l"olll the Conmanding General in whiab he states his pleasure :ln baring the Prenob troops under his co.and. General Clark replied that be had written such a letter that TflfT morning, and he woold ... to it that it•• proaptl:, deliftl"ed to Dody''• C, �- Qeneral J111n. The letter in question reads as tollows: •1 want to let ,uu am the ... bers or ,our Expeditionary- Corpe bow bow deepl.J'I and the personnel ot the Pitth Arrq appre«late .tbe honor or ban.ng French troope assigned as a part or the Pitth Arq. •• ot the filth A:ffq are acquainted with the gl.or1olls llilltuT history- ot tha henah knq and with the pr-esent deterail'll tion or the lPNnGh aoldier to win a n.ctory which will tONYer restcn to 10'1 -,.ar belcmtd Franoe. I want to yu11 that w of the Firth Arr, are equally deterained to bring about this n.ct.ory am look tcrward with ben antioipation to the prlTJ.lep or being aasooi&ted with the French lxpeditiOD81"7 Corpe in aaoomplisbing that lliaaion. assure •I a SUN 1Vll bow bow int.rested rq ·ataf't and I an in the rapid re-equipping and · training ot ~ 00111U.nd,so that yo11 and ,.our oftioen and 119D •Y -.rob by the side ot British and American troops in the battle . to liberate Europe. . We shall do enrything we oan to facilitate your-~t1.,. "I wald appreoiate brought ( to the attention ~ banng the oontenta or this letter or the 11811l'bers .J'O'll" ooJIIB!ld.• ot At the oonol.1111ion tbl oont ot .... , General Clark, Ids aide and lfajor llorgan wnt tor a abort ma on General Wilson' a beach and then the toraer ho returned to -lo9'apDa11 b7 plane, U'l"in.ng be.ck in the ottioe at about 1800. The Oomandi.Dg Oenaral worked until arhr 1900 hours and then retlll"D8d to his rllla tor supper. Be Ntired early beaauae he plans to rise at OlJO toaorrow morning to attend Operation COWPURCHER 1a the rehear•l which landing exercise tcr elements or the auault OOlffl)J" in Operation AV.ALdCHE. A letter was dispatohed by General Clark today to General Mo0Ner7, the Carwanding General or British .X Corps. This letter reads as tollow111 •t want to let 1"11 and the pereonnel or 1"J11%' 10th Corps lmolr how deeply I, and allot llJ' AMrioan psrso11D9l, appreo:late the honor ot banng British troops assigned to the Fifth Anq. •I au aenre you tbat the Aaerican VI Corps and the other l"itth Arwr organisations teel that it rill be a distinct prinlege to be asaooiated in oombat with a battle-prt>ftn organisation IIUGh the loth Corpa. All aa or the ~ Aaarioan .. bera or rq oomaand are acquainted with the nploita ?th ArllONd D1T.la1on, 46th and 56th Dins1ons which aontribated notably to the Tunisian rle\ory'. or "I also want 10ll to know that I do mt look upon this l"inb Ar,q aa but rather as an Anglo-American team with bat one thought or cooperation to the end that our assigned aission ma7 be sucoess• tully aOGOmplillhed. an Aaerican organisation •t would appreciate yr,ar banng the contents or this letter brought to the attention of the membersor ,-our eonnand at an appropriate time." �Jl>S!'AGAHEM-AUGUST 28, 1943-Riaing at 0130 this morning, General Clark, aecompanied b)' General Gruenther and Captain :Byles, lett the villa at 8200 and droft to the road jDotion ot the lll!lin highway to Ol"an with the rc,ed lNding to Pcrt-e.uz-Poul•s, where the:, mat General J"1n, General Wilson, aome or their statta and Lt. Col. o•lkhundra. With the latter acting aa guide, the part:, then proceeded to beaches in the rlcinit:, ~ ( •aber• st. L•, where Operation COWPUNCHER, which was a dress rehearsal tor Opera• tion AVALAN<JIE, oomenced with the arrival ot the tirst assault n,w at 0300. The attack was •d• b7 the Ulat and 142nd RCT•s, •ch attacking with two battalions abreast. The 143rd llCT was held in resem at the dis• poaal. or the Dirla1onal C011Mnder. General Clark spent N'ftral hours rlait• ing different sectors or the beam and observed 11&n:, aiatakea on the p,.rt or both Anq and la.'91' personnel. 1faul personnel, in 801D8 cases, did not understand the signal lights which were Jr()Tided to guide them to part1• eular beaches. Aa a result of this, fthielea became llired down as they were unleaded and took the tiae ~ angl.edoura to pall them Ollt. There were 0011• aiderable delays in the &m1111 11111ater :ct· waTea, although the t:lrat two wafts arriftd on eohedule. Jrti.llery, tanks and ~1 .. b'aratt either were not la-ought 1n at all or arriwd too late. The big British LST•a with bridges that pi-ojeot from openings 1n the 1'olrs N9ll to be blpraetical and du1tn had to be unloaded from th• wer the aides. The pl'ojecting lridge1 wre not long enough. 'l'heee am other will be -brought oat at a critique which will take plaoe tomorrow in the YI Ccrps area. General Clark nttirned to hi• Till& tor a late 'treuf'aat and then went dire~ to his ot• tice, where he spent the rest ot the mcrning. weakne•• ( General •a back 1n Headqmrters again in the afternoon, about 1730, when he went out to the beach, taking General Pence and Colonel SUlli'ftn ont with hill. Rettll"lling to the Till.a tor dinner, Colonel Brann joilled the pert:,, am General Clark apent the nening talldng with theN oolleagl1N and old friends. The 0--.nding working until General Pence will be in charge ot SOSat the Port or lfaplee. Be n.s F.astern Bue Section. He is working in eloae collaboration with Colonel Tate, Pitth Ar,q G-4, who has recently' re• placed Colonel stuart Vincent because ot the illness ot the latter. to1"119rl7 Ccanancling General ot the * * * ' ll>STAGOD-.lUGUSI' 29, 1943-General Clark spent the mrning in hie office. Arter lunch he drow :to Port-an-Paules where he att.ended the critique ot Operation OOWPUNCHER. critique took place in a groYe or trees at the The aonthern edge of the Tillar. and was p;-esided ~ b:, Lt. Col. O'llatnmdra. $J,Nbra, 1n addition to L • Col. O'llalmndra, wre General Dawle:,, General Walker, Admiral Hall and General Clark. A mmber of faults were 1:rougbt out in addition ·to those 11e11tioned in ,-sterdq•• d1ar:, ent1"7. Chief aong these •• the criticism that in some cases Army personnel had been held aboard landing craft tor aa long as six hours bef'ore being debarked. It was also obse"8d that soldiers in nWl9rous instances became lost from their units, that soldiers were seen sleeping at various spots atter crossing the beach line, that •DJ'were seen in Cll!lNless and inattentiYe attitudes demonstrating that the:, considered the ll!lneu11'er as or no partioular importance, that anti• aircratt gun positions had been poorly' selected and that as a result the �lOCo guns nre silhouetted, torming excellent targets for the .enemy'. Colonel General Dawley and General Walker pounded hard on these and other taulta which were obaarftd. Adairal Hall }lad Tery littl.19 to aa7. General Clark was scnewhat put Gilt by what appeared to be either a lack of knowledge or what had taken place .during the aaneuvar on the .part or the Adlliral or else what was perhaps a mere lack or eoergy-, drive and initiati'Ye ;on his part. The General was courtesy itself' toward the Ad• lliral. HoweTGr,he could not help throwing him a tw questions which he telt the Admiral should haw been able to answer. Untortm,atel7, the Adairal unable to 'ilnner them and doubtleea 8111"tered someembarrass• 1N11t before the ueting as a rerut. It ia the hope or Genetrd Cl.ark. that this •7 energise the Admiral and his subordinates into 90M oar• rectin action 1n the fn days that remain. Adniral Hall aalled for eome apeoitic criticism. Arter the meeting was over, General Clark in• formed hint that General Lange would prepare a maorandum or his observa• tions, and the 118110randum be suhllitted to Admiral Hall tomorrOllf. will General Lange bad himself' .been hpt in a landing cratt for six hours be• tore being debarked. O'llahnndra, was At the conolusion or the critique, General Clark rode back to his ottica, where he spent the remainder et the afternoon in working on AVA• LlNCHE plans. Major General Luaaa, representing the0-1a-C, U'ri?ed at the Head• quarters this afternoon, in ar-der to aaaist the Fifth Arrq in &ll7 ft7 he oan in -.king its final prepe.rations. He is staying at General C~k•a TU.la. .. General Clark is •quite disturbed about the ap~t lack or energy on the part or the NaTal high oommamers this operation. tor Both Ad• ll1ral Hewitt and Admiral Hall are Tff'Y slow mcm..ng. It 1s true that the:, haw aucoesstul.17 completed two amphibious operations. AVALANCHE, however, will be more difficult than either ot these and against atU'.f'er opposition. General Clark .would be 1111Gb happier in his own mind it the• naru otf'i• cera were JiOre aggressift in their attitude. For e:mmple, after the cri• tique toda7, General Clark, Adairal Hall and Oaaodore Jones, or the Bri• tiah l'la'f'7, were talking together. Coanodore Jones ia in charge ot the 3 British LST's assigned to the )6th Mnsion at Oran. Adm1ral.Hall oam• plained that he bad 110t7et receiftd aDY"written order assigning Jones and his ahips to hill. General Cl.ark raurlced that Co111110dore was there Jones read:, and willing to go, that be had his ·ships with hill, that, ' in f'aot, the7 were alread,- partially loaded and that it •de little difference whether an order in writing bad been reeeived or not. General Clark .f'elt that this attitude on the part ot AdlliralHall is typioal of the attitude or the llayY towards the whole operation. Instead or being aggressift l•ders, the7 haw to be either coddled or nudged along. General Clark .f'eels that the American Na"7 generall;r baa shown a less aggressive, bard• hitting attitude than the Br1\1ah laV7• The Br1t18h Navy always appears read,- to go ahead and slug it out with aD7bod7, although it •ans the loss or men and sh1pa. OUr lfaV7, aa rar aa General Clark's experience shows, appears to hang back and be umrlll:lng to oonmdt itself' on 8!l3' venture whioh llight not turn out to look well on the reoord. �General Clark's address to the officers at the erltique was an inspiring one. He stated that the taults that bad been lrought Ol1t 1n CfflfPtnfCHER would be correoted and that otfiOffS JllJSt not reel cmtrl.y disoouraged by the tact that they- bad •de so manyerrors. It was fortunate, indeed, that the Iii.stakes were Jade then so that they- oould be eorNoted. General Clark went on to say- that he had known Oenan.l lfallmr and the higher ranking ottioera or the D1ns1on tor DIUY' ,-rs and bad tollowed the career or the 36th Mn.• closely since its induction. Be thinka there are no tiner troops anywhere in the world than those ot the 36th Diriaion, and he bas implleit oon• tidenoe in their abilit,- to earry oat the asdpd ldssion. Be bade th• good luck and godapeed am stated that the next time he would see tmmwould be upon Italian soil. The audienoe was olm.011a]y 1.ntensel7 110ved by the apeeah, and it is oertain that the enthwd.aSJI ot the ottioers who heard Gene• ral Clark will be passed on to other M11bers or the oc,aand. The contrast Ntwen the slow IIO'rlng, slow-thinld.Dg Adairal. and the quick, decisin, energetic Arrq Connander who tollowed each·other on the rostrum could not but haft struck torcibl.7 8'ftey<>nepresent. •1= 1( ""' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, July 8 - August 29, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from July 8 to August 29, 1943. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1567 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/a7fa20c0b380b1ed72ccde343917b586.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=mcKkTfztm4ltubEFqtZogxwpC0i1vTHVR7oCHSjelYXnHi0pnBD6eb9ySQzP1KyLPHtX8FMZj7iXA72sDoy3JcbLirvnD-79Q8T5pcuDEk5JOl6V6aoXkXf%7EIg9dZY-N5KUEwfSjcsM9aN3vqeRVhHkh981BTsJwSgONvD02g-kCtEOpRJiEDxpypqFjRFcmWmg23LO9MFQIldjyElrwc%7Ehefg0B2tlUrajmlwXhhvJ8d7NVN9uKVPo39r8tYo7yLnpaiQalM4p0fRJETyfmAwRJiEvJ2jR%7Es3eHo7w1iM790l2lVIyuNyY3R89yUhoPMYGSXXUkcxm81cloZ-i1Cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e6821a9161c76ec3c075bcb19c61ded1 PDF Text Text J NOI'E This is iTolume V of the War Diary of Lieutenant GenerAl Mark W. Clark. Volume I, covering period 28 June, 1942 to September 24, 1942; Volume II, covering period 25 September 1942 to 5 January 1943; Volume III, covering period 6 January 1943 to 6 June 1943; and Volume Dr, covering period 7 June 1943 to 29 August 1943, are held in safekeeping at the Army War College, Washington, D. c. �IIJCOl JTG I. SS. GE rn· FRG : '::'. C 1~ ....ri1J Group CLA.SSIFIC TI01!: __S _ _ _ T_ _ _ _ _EC. .;;_ J.EF ITO: ?I C/L/4 ??..:O TIT ------------ PHECEDE:!CE: ---------- TJT~ ~.ECD:1310.50 ------- Il~TE: 1 _ _ _3 _ _ __ _ 3 0 7 _0 ..-;.cli't.ed Literal TO: itlC s 'C ,. F"rl ; .S'l'H REY; 1 IN 15 AH! y G~OUP c....;1JSO_.s:-rrp I'i.ALTA Censorship guidonce. One. ~ ithin limits available information play up Eighth Army and particularly Tara11.to advances . T\vo. Fifth Army havine tough time. Likely continue till Eighth Army ca11 relieve pressure by nearness. ft- �IOSTAGAHEII-AtJGtJS'r 30, 1943•-General Clark spent the day in working on plans tor Operation AVALAllCHE 1n bis ottice and in packing his belongings tor his departure to Algiers where he will 'board ship. Be tentatiwly plans to boa1"d the Aneon, which will be his OOlllllllld ship tor Operation AVAIANCBE, on Smlday, Septeaber 5. General Clark sent oat toda,- to all bis woop commanders the following letter: •t want )'O'l1 and the pereonnel or your command to know that I u pNUd to haw ,.:tur organisation assigned to the nfth Arrq. In addition to the MD7 u. s. organisations which belong to us, we are tortuna'9 in also ha"fing Bri• tish and Prencb troopa as a part or the Fitth AnfT. All or th•• Allied organisations will enter combat as an k:rfq team, with but one thought 1n mind • the complete destruction our despised ene117 who tor 19ars has attempted to deprift us and our lO'ftd ones at home or the liberties and principles~ free• do• tor which our eountr,- has alwa)"8 stood. or •I want you· to explain ,ersonally to your men the necessity for being well disciplined and t h ~ trained, in order that they will outfight the German soldier who for years has been trained and disciplined tor battle. •Great opportunities lie ahead o~ our Firth Army, opportunities which will lead to the complete liberation or Europe from its present rule or tyranny. It is a great privilege that we ot the Fifth Arr., can be associated with such an enterprise. It your organization is alert, determined, disciplined and trained in the manner whieh you are capable of being, we can and will defeat the enemy on the field of battle. It is absolutely essential that J'Olll' organi• zation do .its part to win this "fietory. •I u conf'ident that the Firth Any will be taithtul to the American soldier. of the past and to the United States of America, whose glorioos exis• a tence and development it is our privilege and duty to guarantee. With each man doing his duty to the exolusien er every other consideration, we shall be worthy ot our trust. our cause 18 a righteous one, and God will direct us in our ,mdertald.ng. •It ia my desire that the contents of this letter be brought to the atten• tion or e-nry member of )'Ol1l' command." * * * IOSTAGANEII-AUGUST 31, 1943-At 0900 this morning, General Eisenhower arrived at Nouvien airport and spent the day with General Clark and his ottieers. At 1000 hours a conf"erence was held in the Headquarters attended by numerous ranking officers or the Fifth Anr::, units so that last minute details could be straightened out. General Clark addressed the conference at some length. Be told the assembled officers that three joint C0111manders had been selected for Operation AVALA.NOHE commanding respectively ground, air and naval rorces. With headquarters widely separated, the planning tor the operation bad been moat ditticul.t. Planning had~ however, gone ahead, and plans had been completed by the three services. Today was an opportunity to get together and iron out any controversial points. General Clark warned that opposition my be expected �to be hea-.y and that he was very glad the American land torcea involftd in the operation had had a rehearsal tor 111any weaknesses had been brought out which would be oorrected by the ti.lie the actual _ operation is to come ott. General Clark gaw a cordial welcome to the . British otticers attending tba conterence and spoke with pride that his Anr3' was truly an A Anny, con• med sieting ot American, British and French elements. General Clark had tor lunch at his rllla General Eisenhower and a munber or other high ranking British and Alleriean orticers, including Air Chier Mar• . abal Teddar, General Bradley, General Patton and General lcCreery. There were forty guests in all, and a very good buf'tet luncheon waa eerved. After the luncheon was over, and to the complete 8Ul"priee of General Clark, the Connander-1n-ch1et, in the presence or the assembled guests, pinned the Legion ot Merit upon General Clark's breaet. The citation which was read by General Gl'U.enther is as tollow11 "IARI w. CLARK, 05309, Lieutenant General, (then Major General), AzFq ot the United States, tor exeeptionallJ' atritorioua conduct in the perf'ormnce of' outstanding service. A• Deput,.- Chiet _ start, General Headquarters, or United States~, and aa Chief of start, Headquarters krfq Ground Forces, be diapla~ tireless enera, great reaourcetulneas and llilitary attainment or a high order in soln.ng, with sound judgment, perplexing problems and assisting in the training of units of Aftfy Ground Forces as Commanding General of' the II Corpe. By bis tact, professional ef'tieienoy and leaderehip1 he laid the groundwork 1n the European Theater tor a vast organizational housing and train• 1ng dtWelopm~t for United States knrf Ground Forces. Bis exceptional mill• tary judgment, aomaon sense, dnotion to dut7 and loyal aenices were or in• estiable ftl.ue to the Theater Comander." In the afternoon, tleneral Clark took General Eisenhower • a tour ot in• spection or Fifth AffrT troops stationed between Mostaganem and Oran. The lar• ger part of theee troops were or the 36th D1Ti.eion. Both General Eisenhower and General Clark were pleased and inspired by the splendid appearance ot th• troops ot th1a division. The Ccmander•in-cbief' took ott from La Senia airport to ret1Jrn to Algiers, and General Clark tlew from La Senia to Moataganem in a O'llb. . Going straight to his Headquarters, General Clark then m-iet'ly addreaaed bis atat1' in the •P room at the Headquarters. It was a speech or thanks for the splendid eooperation he had reoeiwd. f'roiD hia otticers, of warning that hard fighting lay ahead and ot inspiration that this great task had been giftn to them to do. Be stated that he bad COllJ)lete confidence 1n the abUit,.- of hif offieers to carry out the lliaaion assigned. The Commanding General oomienced hie speech with a story whioh got his officers laughing and finished it on a ·i:;?',' note of praise and encouragement. It was obvious that his start was deeply r~.) F,.1/.' i11preseed by what he bad to aa7• (/ lt General Patton was a go.eat at General Clark's Ti.lla tor the night. * * * m s r A ~ 1 1 1943--General Clark spent a pert or the morning 1n talkh1.g with General Patton. Be tben finished the morning in warking on papen ' �and took the afternoon ott to get some rest and relaxation with Colonel lnurd on the beach. He bad 20 ot his start tor supper at the villa. All or them were officers who haw been worldng extrnel.7 bard on pbns tor AVALANCHE, and it was a pleasant relaation tor them to dine and tallc together at the villa. Arter dinner, Colonel Kammerer entertained the gathering at the piano. The part,- broke up at a little atter ten o'clock. General'• 'l'he WAAC's beCUle WAC 1 a today. They are no longer amdllariea bnt are, in taet, aeabera or the Ar,q of the United states. A brief' ceremony was held. in the compound ot the Headquarters in honor of the entry of these young ladies into the !nty'. * * orr tros the airport at Boiq General Clark, aooompmied by Brigadier Richardson of the Britilh Anl7, who 111 acting as a Deput7 Chief or staff for the Firth ArllyJ Oeueral Lens, .lrtillel"Y' Otticer; Colonel Brann, G-3; and Captain By-1.es, and stopping ott w,ry brietly at llaiaon Blanche, flew to Bizerte, arriving at Sidi 1Jmed airport at 1250. General Clark was llet there 1'1 General Wilbur, · who baa been in Bizerte tor the paat two weeks in arranging tor the shipment of troops and equipment traa Marte tor Operation AVALANCHE. The General d1'0ft ilalediately to the Headquarters of Major General Hawkeswor.tb, Coanand• ing the 46th Din.ad.on ot the British 10th Corps. There, General Clark ll9t and talked brlefl,- to General Hawkenorth's start officers. Going next to Adldral Conol.l.7'• Headquarters, the pert,- had lunch. AdJll1ral Cono1]7 is Ccmander, Landing Craft and Bases, Rortbwest Atrioan Water• and hae been working in the loading or ships and entt at Bizerte. Just at the conclusion ll>STAGANEI-BIZER'l'E--s.EP.l'EIIBER 2, 1943--Tald.ng les Bains at os1,, of lunch a telephone call trm General Gruenther, who was at Algiers, ad"fiaed General Clark that his preaence was needed in Sioil.7. A oonterence 11 to be held tollOl"NW or •jor illportanoe, and the Comamder•in-chief' desires the presence ot the Comanding General, FU'th >.r,.q. General Clark, accompanied by General Bawkesworth and Admiral Conoll.7, inspected a DU11ber or Aaerican units drawn up on a road near the airport. hong the units inspected were the 36th lngineer Share Regiment, the 191st ~ Tank Battalion, the 151-t Field Artillel"Y' Battalion, the 601st Tank Destroyer Battalion and the 645th Tank Deatroy-er Battalion. These troops all looked hard and f'it, and when the General stopped to talk to an otf'icer or a soldier each one expreseed hia eagerness to get into combAt. The subject ot the oonterence at Syraeuse tomorrow will be the switching of' the 82nd Airborne Di"fision f'roa it.a, present Jli.saion to a different mission. The Ccmander-in-Chief' will want to know whether ships and craft now assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division at B1serte oan, at this last moment, be assigned to Palermo to load other troops tc take their place aa a floating reaerYe. After checking with Admiral Conoll.7, General Clark is convinced that the nitcb• ing can be mde and will ao infOl'll the OCllnllander-in-Cbief tomorrow. He will send the 82nd'a shipping to Palermo and will there load another RC'l' tro• the 45th Di'ri.sion to be a'ftilable as a floating resene in place of the 82nd on "D" Da,-. General Clark, Colonel Brann and Captain By-lea bad dinner as Colonel �Conari'• peats at his rllla and spent the night there. Brigadier Richardson spent the night in the Oftioera' Hotel in Biserte. There is hardly- a building in B1Hrte whioh has not been touched b;r bombing or shell fire. There are no oirillans in it, and sueh buildings as are usable are now housing Allied ofti• cere and men, either tor living or working parpoaea. General Cl.ark called on General Horrocks at the 56th Evacuation Hospital ot Bis.rte. Unfortunatel7, General Horrocks was 'UDable to see hi•, aa a hypodermio had been administered to hill a short while before, in er• der that he could spend the night IION comfortably. He is mldng slow progress toward recovery. just outside * * * BIZERTE-SIRACUSE-J.t)gitAGANEM•-sEPTEMBER .3, 194:3•-During last night, it was found that the neet1ng at Sioilywhieh General ·Olark bad thought was scheduled to take place at Palermo will, in tact, take place today at Fairtield, General Eisen• hower•s advance headquarters near the cit7 or Syracuse. At 08.30 General Clark, aooompanied b7 Brigadier Richardson, Colonel Brann and Captain B)"lea, took oft trom Sidi Ahmed airport in General Spaatz• luxuriousl.7 appointed special plane. The part7 arrived at Fairfield just in time tor General Clark to enter into oonferenoe at 1100 with the Oommander-1.n-chiet and General Alexander. There was an air or exoitement at Fairt'ield. The presenoe was noted or Mr. Robert Murph7, the ADl9r1can Chiet Oi'Yi.l Administrator in North Atrica, and his Bt-itish counterpart, Mr. MacMillan. Also present was Major General Smith, AFHQ Chief' ot start; General Ridgway, Commanding the 82nd Airborne Di'Yi.sion; and General Lemrl.tser, General Alexander's Deput7 Chief' or Staff'. News bad been recei"l'ed that the Italians •7 veey possibly pack up and declare themselves out of the war in the wey near Mure. In taet, they 'IIIA'1 ac,t,all:, lend act1Ye assistance to the Allied Forces against Germany-. It the Italians should decide to oome to terms before Operation AVALANCHE takes place, it is desired to drop the 82nd Airborne Division on ROME instead of' using them partly aa airborne troops against CAPUA and partly as a floating reserve of' light inf'antey troops. It is for this reason that General Ol&rk baa been asked whether he can take the 82nd's shipping, which it will no longer need, and use that shipping to load a Regimental Combat Team of the 45th Division out or Palermo. General Clark answered this question in the af'f'irmatiTe, and General Middleton 1s immediately to make plans to pre• pare an additional Regimental Combat Team to the one al.ready alerted in his di'ris1on. Both or these reg1119fftal eombat teams will leave Palermo in order to be available to General Clark as a floating reserve on "D" De.:,. General Clark has tentatively decided to send this floating reserve straight into NAPLES should the Italians decide to capitulate. The BA?'l'OWN Operation oomnaenoed at 04.30 t~7. The troops involved are the / British and Canadians or Montgomery' a Eighth Army. They •de landings across the straits or Messina, and within a tew hours had captured Reggio and its air• ports, San GiOftnni and a hrge strip or coastline on the toe of' the boot. Oppoeition was light and casualties were rn. j l"ly:1ng back from Syracuse to Bizerte, General Ol&rk conf'erred lrietly- with General Wilbar, and Admiral Conolly at the airport. Orders were given to them to unload the 82nd from shipping at Bizerte and send the shipping directly' to Palerao tor the 45th Di"rlsion. The conference (fflJ'r, General Clark, Colonel �Brann and Captain Byles new back to Mostaganem, arriving at Ho1sy- field at 1945. Brigadier Richardson remined at Bis.rte, to take another plane to Algiers. * * * Jl)S'rAGANEII-SEPTEMBm 4, 1943-In the morning, General Clark conf'erred with General Dawley and General Walker concerning the developments which have taken place in the last two days. He entertained Brigadier Generals ~er and Me,er, Commmding reapeo• tiftl7 the '7l8t 11.eld Art1ller, Brigade and the 18th Field Artill.ff7 Bri• gade, at the Tilla tor lunch. In the afternoon, General Clark sought rest and relamtion trom the strain ot the pan \wo days in taking a swim with Colonels Bruoe and Nygaard. Both ot these officers oae to supper at \he T11l.a. ' * * * MOS'rAGAllEM•ALGIERS-SEPTElllER 5, 1943--General Clark spent a short time 1n bis office this morning and then took ort from the Jlo!q a!rpart at 1000 and tlew to Algiers. With hill in the plane wre o.neral .O nenther, Colonel Brann, Coloml HWle, newl.7 assigned to firth Arrq as a representati'ft of AllnO'l', Captain By'les, Sergeant Holden, General Clark's personal bodyguard, Sergeant Chaney, cook and orderl.7, and Ser,-ant OUalline, 0.neral Gruenther'• orderl7. General C~k drove iaediatel.1' to&l!•S.s. Anoon, where he was wel• ) oomd on board b7 the skipper, Captain , and rendered honors b7 the ship's OOl!lpaDY. The Aneon will be Gent:lr&l Clark's comand ship tor Opera• tion AVALANCHE. ft'le is scheduled to lean the port at 0630 tmnorrow morning. j General Clark and General Oruenther had lmch on board the British suburine 1-se ship the "IIAIDSTOlfE• 1n Algiers. There the:, were guests or General Clark' a great Mend, Captain Barney Pawlms, who engineered General Clark's taaous submarine trip to 1lmh Africa last year. General Clark was rendered honors b7 the ship's company when he came on board, and a very delicious luncheon was Hrftd. The Commanding General is very tond ot Captain Fawkes and alwa,s enjoys seeing him. During the atternoon, General Clark reoei'Nd a sucoeuion or Ti.sitars 1n bis ottiee aboard the Anoon. llaD7 or these Yiaitors or high rank were de• sirowt or obtaining passage on board in order to aot as observers in the coming operation. There ia a critical lack or apaoe on board ship, and none ot then oan be aCOOllllOdated. ,B rigadier General William O. Donovan, the tamous •ild Bill• ot the last war, is wry anxioua to go on the operation, and he is tl'ying traa the states in order to do so. A plaoe bas been reserved ror hi• on board ship, but it now appears that he is going to arriYe too late. There are 30 or General Clark' a atatt otticers on board the Ancon. Inol'Uded among tha are: General Moran, Signal Otticer; Colonel Honrd, G-2; Colonel BNnn, G-3; Colonel Tate, G-4; and, or course, the Ohiet or start, General Gruenther. The only aembers of General Clark• s personal start to ao• company hill are: Captain By'lea, his Aide; Mr. Beach, his Warrant Ottiaer �stenographer; Sergean18Holden, Dow, body guards; Sergeant Chane,-, celONd orderly; and Sergeant Patillo, radio operator tor the scout OfJr. The scout ear, sandbagged against llines, and one jeep of the Commanding Gene• ral 1 a, together with f'ift other headquarters jeeps, are being carried aboard the ship so that transportation will be immediately at hand U needed. The Ancon is a navy transport, formerly belonging to the Panama Steaaship Lines, and everything is •ship-shape, Bristol f'ashion". Adnira.l Hewitt, who is the Naval Commander tor Operation AVALANCHE, is on board with his Chief' of' sta.tt, Admiral Lewis. Genere.l Cl.ark will mess with the Admirals in Admiral Hewitt's cabin. The officers are scattered about in etaterooms, comtortable but small. Captain By-les has a cot in the ro011 right next to General Clark's bedroom which will be used as an off'iee in the daytime. \· General Clark and General Graenther dined tonight with General Eisen• bower at his villa. ' Legion or Merit awards have just come throngb., and General Clark pinned ribbons on Colonel Howard, Lt. Col. Sutherland, Brigadier General Lanitser, and tomorrow will •ke the same award to Sergeant Holden. * * * ON BOARD THE U.s.s. ANCOif AT SEA••SEP'l'EMBER 6, 194.3--1'he Ancon put out to sea at 0630 this morning and is proceeding at about 12 knots in a heavily guarded convoy. In the convoy are three Cl"Uisera: The Boise, Savannah and Philadelphia and fourteen destroyers. There are numerous large vans• ports am three large British IS1' 1 s. In all, there are about sewnty · ships in the ooavo-r. The General 1:reakf'asted this morning at Admiral Hewitt's •ss and will continue to take ' his meals there while on board. At 0900 he held a conterence in his office, adjoining the bedroom which was attend4td by- a mnber of key start officers, including General Oruenther, General Moran, General House ( in obarp or :tighter 911pport command) Colonel !rann, Colonel Howard, Colonel Tate, Colonel HUlll9 and Lt. Cols. sutherland and Wood. At the conterence, General Cl.al'k informed his officers tha~ news had been receiTed within the pa.st two or three days to the ettect that an armistice agreemnt bas already been signed by a reprenntatiw of General Eisenhower and a representatiff ot General. Badoglio. It is planned that the announcement ot the armistice will be 1:roadcast at 1830 hours, September 8; tht;Lt is to say in terms or Operation AVALANCHE, on D•l. The terms or the armistice call, in general, for a passi"Ve resis• tanoe on the pert er the Italians to the Germans. For example, they will / not mintain rail traf'f'ic or oonnm.mice.ticm tor the Germans. They will not permit the Germans to take over their coastal def'•ncea. They will, in some instances, lend active help to the Allied forces as, f'or example, by shooting at statt cars German officers. This is a critical move f'or !\ Ar.l.s aa well as Allies, and General Clark is skeptical that the armistice will be consummated. as planned. He ie certain that the Germans must know or I �9 about it by now, tor other nations have been in communication with the Ollliander•!n-Chie era, askin to be in at the si.,gning or. the armistice terms. If these nations mow about i why- shouldn •t the Germans themaelwa, who are actuall 1n Itily'l It is more than ~ssible that the s may- seize control ot Italian radio ssion 1'acilitiea in order to pl"eftnt the public announcement of the terms of the armistice by Marshal Badoglio at the appointed hour. If the announoement is not ma.de, and indeed ewn if the announcement is -.de, what guarantee is there that the reaction ) of the Italian people will be rawrable to the Allies? It is pN>bable that they wottl.d react faTON.bly. We see that Operation BA!TOWN is proceeding with littlo or no resistance ~ n s , aiir_preeuma they are rea to bel us. However, General Clark is not going to be caught short, iiid e will go aliead in the BAY OF SALERNO with plans as they have alread7 been tornulated for the capture of the city or SllElUI) am ·then a divergence northward toward the objectbe ot WAPIES, which still remains the prime objeotiw or the Fifth Arrry. General. Clark is carrying one ace up his slecne, and that is the possible uae of the 45th Division, less ·one regiment, to sail directl,- into the BAY OF NAPLES and take the city itaelt. General Clark would onl7 direct this to be done it the Italians bad completely col• lapsed and come to terms by that time and prcm.ded turther that the Germans had ot been able to take over defensive installations in and around the Cl'l'Y OF BPI.ES,. Be- f'ee1"stliiirC-uiek thrust at the city in the ve-q 'earliest ~ge,s o ~tien AVALANCHI iii!ght well yield tremendous results, ihereaa it he we~ to wi toraj,eriodof' ""t;i• i(°' JDight then be too late, tor in .e meanti:nr, 'tJII 'Germans might "fWY well haw recovered f'rom ~ " l i s h e d themselves in the defenses to the city. I ti I l General Clark has in hie personal possession the signed armistice , agreement, and it is planned that some time prior to the assault ot his troops 1n Operation AVALANCHE he will aeet and negotiate with a represent&• tiw of Marshal Badoglio. The meeting would probably take place at sea. One of the tenns 1nsistec1 upon by the Italians we.a that one of our } parachute divisions be dropped in the vicinity of ROME to assist Italian troops already in that area in the defense ot the city against the Germana. The Italians are af'raid that the Germans will try to take severe reprisals against them as punishment for dropping t.rom the Axis. The 82nd Airbm-ne Division would be used for this ld.saim. General Clark is keeping an e,e on the ball, which is the eit7 ot NAPLES, but he also has in mind the emplo,ment, if' things go well, ot tw9 r ~ colmma; one to cross the peninsula and take FOGGIA with its airfields and with l its control over the road net cOftring the eastern ooa.st of Ita17, the other is to strike northward at ROME itself, aaking contact with General Ridgway' a parachute troops. General Cl.ark entertained in his cabin in the atternoon General Gruenther, Brigadiers Richardson, Cooke, General Houae, Colonel Brann and Colonel Bulle. Teabnieal Sergeant Holden, the General's personal bodnuard, was awarded the Legion or Merit today by the Oommnding General who, himself, pinned the ribbon on Holden's chest. The oitation reads as follows: �lb "ROBE2lT R. HOLDEN, 32056347, Technical Sergeant, Headquarters Compe.ny, Firth Arll7, tor e:xceptiona.117 mritorioua conduct in the pertormnoe of outstanding services aa personal guard tor- the Deputy Commander•in-Cbiet, Allied Poree and later for the Coimnanding General, Firth Artry. On 11 NOftmber 1942, onl.7 a rw days after the ship transporting hia battalion was torpedoed 150 miles at sea and af'ter he had taken part in the assault •de from that point in . . boats, he was designated as senior guard tor the Deputy Comnmder-in• Chiet, who bad arrived to establish the f'orward echelon, Allied Force Headquar• ters. At ·that time the politieal and military- situation in Algiers was extremely unoert&in and the small group of officers was substantiall7 without personal seOllrity. Technical Sergeant Holden, by hia untiring vigilance and exceptional qualities or leadership mterially assisted in maintaining seCtlJ'it7 tor these otticera. Be has continued to aene with exceptional f'idelit7 ,mtil the present date. Entered service f'rom Newark, New Jerse7." n * •· * OR BOARD THE tr.s.s. AlfCOI AT SEA•-sEPTEMBER 7, 1943-'l'oday bas been quiet as far as this corm:sr is oonoerned. There haTe been no attacks trom on or under the or tram the air. A cable massage receifld in the earl.7 part or the atternoon informed us that Bizerte was bombed by 100 German planes baaed at dif'terent points in Ita.1:,. The raid took place last night, but the cable tailed to state what damage, it any-, was done, nar haa m17 intonation been •a 1 forthcoming eoncerning that question. It is appe.rent to those close to hi11 that General Clark is teeling the strain ot this period ot waiting far Operation AVALANCHE to connence. There is nothing that he himseU' can do now. Be has placed his troops, his otf'icara and himself in the hands or the JJB.TT and must await their deliTeey upon Italian shores before he will be able again to assume act1Te command. Bo turther intor•tion bas been forthcoming since our departure from Al• giera concerning the proposed armistice to be entered into between the Allied governments on the one side and the Badoglio go-,~nt on the other. General Clark remains skeptical. They will have to show him by deeds and not by words before he is oonn.noed that the deal will go through. !he Bll'l'Offlf Operation continues to •ke good pl"Ogreas aga1nat opposition to none at all. The only thing holding up Montgomery' a progress are demolitions, and the7 baTe not been as heavy as was anticipated. It re•ins to be seen whether or not the Germans will make a stand along a ta-.orable line selecrted b7 them in advance. Taryi.ng from light In the meanwhile, the Firth Army is sailing along placidly' waiting tor a 110111ent to strike. The7 will not haTe long to wait. Today is Tuesday, and "D" Day is Thvsday next. Looking at a •P or the BAY OP' SALER?I> we see Rangers and OOlllll!lndos going into th, hills on the very northern side of the bay. 1 Crossing this rugged country in the night, it will be their mission to aeoure the passes whiah let out from the SALERNO plain onto the plain or NAPLES. It NAPLES is to be taken from the SALERNO area in the near ruture, these passes 1IU8t not be blocked b7 the enem;r. Worlcing om- way down the edge ot the BA.Y OF SALERN'O in a southerl7 direction, we come next to the British 10 Corps, whose 46th Di"ri.sion will attack on the northward flank of the area assigned to the e. ..,~ �i\ in a oolwm or three brigades. Joining the 46th DiTision on its southern tlanlc we eee the 56th Din.aion attaoklng with two brigades abreast and one 'brigade in reserve in the rear. Proceeding still turther south, we oome to that portion ot the bay assigned to General Dawl97's American VI Corps. Although the Corps c,onsists ot two :lntantry and one armored dirision, actual.17 but one division, the )6th Infantry Di'rlsion, will represent the VI Corps 1n the assault. This Texas Division will ake the landing with the 14].st and 142nd Regimental Combat Teams landing abreast on the beaoh. In reaerv9, and to land at a slightly later hom-, is the 143rd ROT. In back of these assault torces, at the call or General Cl.ark and ready to be shoved into &J13" sector upon a aoment•s notiee, is General Middleton's battle•pronin 4Sth DiTision fresh from the Sioilian oupa.ign. This Division, less one ROT which tor lack or shippiag space has been lett in the Palermo area, is Gene• ral Clark' a f'loating reserve. As stated in 19aterda71 a diary, it all goe• well, that is to say it-Italian resistance collapses and German resistance is disintegrated and uncertain, the 45th Division may well be directed straight into the BAY OP' NAPLES to take the city- itselt. General Clark sounded out Admiral Hewitt today and obtained a favorable reaction on the question or sending in a small party or two ot troops to probe areas tor a determination or whether or not resistance is to be met. Far example, General Clark may decide to send an LSI or two, accompa.nied by de• stro,.vs, into the BAY OF NAPLES to test the :reaction or the detenders. It all went wll with suoh a little party, he would then feel conf'ident in send• ing 111 the 45th Division. Taking a nap arter lunch, General Clark rose a little after 1;00 and walked on the deck tar an hour with Captain Byles. The General and his aide walked briskl:, and worked up a good neat. General Clark has been feeling the laok ot exercise the pa.st tew da,a and was glad tor this opportunity to get some under bis belt. Returning to his cabin, be took a tew setting up exeroiNI and then a shower. He was f'inished just in time to greet six of' his of'tioers tor a drink bet'ore supper. They were: General Gruenther, General Moran, Colonel Howard_, Colonel Tate, the new G-J.,and Lt. Cols. _ sutherland and Clark. Lt. Col. Sutherland, former Liaison Otticer of' the Firth Arrq Head• quarters while the Arrq was stationed in Morocco, later the Fifth Anq repre• sentatiw with AlllOT Planners 1n Algiers, is now acting in a general utility eapacity 1llm9diatelyunder the Chiet or Statt. It 1s f'elt that his wide experience with civil attairs and his knowledge of' the Italian .language and people will make hi• extremely useM as a trouble shooter in varied oapacities. Colonel Clark is, ot COU1"8e, the Public, Relations Otf'ioer ot Headquarters Fifth Army. Arter a heart,- dinner in the Admiral's mess, General Clark, Admiral Hewitt and General <h'wtnther took a constitutional on the deck. It 1a highly likely that the comoywill be subjected to air attack bef'ore another 24 hours has gone by. All we can do is wait and see. Defense against such attack is out or General Clark'• hands. He bas expressed considerable concern f1ffr the lack or knowledge on the part of Major General House e.s to whether adequate air protection will b9 given the convoy in case of attack. General House's responsibilit7 does not OODIJl9noe until the morning or "D" Day, �when bis tighter planes, based on SicU7, will aupport the landing operations ot Fifth Ar'r,.y. The protection or the convoy against air attack is in the hands or the Coastal Air Command, none of whose representatives is on board this oomand ship. General House does not lmow what precautionary measures the Coastal Air Command has taken. He can onl7 assume that they have been taken, and such asS1J11ptions are tar trom satisfactory to the Commanding General, Fifth Arrq• · * * * ABOARD TW U.S.S. A•qcoN AT SF --September 8, 194:::-we are off th northern coast of Sicily this morriir:g. This day was a quiet one, as far as this part of the convoy is concerne0. Towever, there was a red alert at 1004 and another red alert at 1800 which aff8cted other parts of the convoy. At 2000 there was an air attack on ships of our convoy hul~ clown off the port ,bow. Anti-aircraft firing could be seen. The en"'Ill'J planes werP too far awa;r for us to make use of OU!' AA defense gu.TJ.s. At 1800 the R01:1e radio closAd· down. At 1830 ar. !ir.nouncement was made from the Algiers radio to the effect tliat ~ General Fisenhower had anr.our,ced the unconditional surrender of the Italian government. A message from General Badoglio was read in Fnglish over the { same rafio, announcing the acceptance of the surrender terms imposed by the \lf Un~ted Nat:cns. It was not until 1945 that the Rome radio announced the ac- ~ / ceptance by the Italian govermr:ent of the terms of surrender. It will be• ir\ interesting to see what effect the Sudden collapse of the It.J.ian government re, will have upon its ar~r and its population genPrally. Will Italiar soldiers continue to offer resistance even though that resistance be no more than that which they have giv.en to General Montgomery's northwa ' advancing Fighth Army? What will the German reaction be? Will the Germans take over ~talian military installations in time to use them tomorrow? * ABOAR.n THE u. s. s. J\JTC'r Ti\T TTm BAY OF SAP''=<NO-_,SPPT~ Ti'R 9, 2..f4:--Today · s D nay. The landfogs commencec. at 0330. Frio• to this hour heavy firine was t heard and observed ashore in the SalPrno area. Tt was not 1,novm what this ,~ firing was, although in all probability it was demolition work. Th~ assault ~ landings were carried out on schedule. ~here was opposition at every beach \1w taken by the VI Corps and the 10th C'orps. On VT C'orps yellow beach, the rP- ..rsistance was particularly intense, anr1 lRnding pa...ties wnre c'riven back. 1:eavy air attacks were made on the ships of th( corvoy at OSOO an· 0700. "'t >- ,CJl41 is not known how muc}i damage was 0one, but it appears to have bP n smaJ 1. o."'Y' 11. The Comn:candos, anc! thP t 6th anrl 06th nivisions of the 10th Corps are all T, "i;,~ ashore. The 56th Division made successful lan 'inp:s on freen and blue beaches .1?" ~ Yellow beach is still held up by enen:i;i,r cross fire. No report received from .o.7~ red beach. if~ -1 ~l>f 0 This morning, after daylight, General Clark sent Brigadier Ricbar son to check OL 10th Corps, the Rangers and the Commandos anc: report back. lt. Col. Yarborough was sent in on a similar mission with regard to the Zf:th Division. It appears that heavy artillery fire is holding up yellow beach. The 45th Division is still helc. as a floatirrg reserve. General M" o.cUe- ry~ - rY , �t3 ton, the Comr:ianding General, has been called for to come aboarn thF. Ancor. for consultation. It is not likely that the reserve will be sent to(:<o~ General Clark is thinking now of putting one of the :RC'T I s on the beacnes between the river Sele and the north flank of the :':6th Division. A report from Admiral Hall, whose task force is supporting the 36th Division, states that he believes the 36th Divisiop is making ~ood progress but has not penetrated far enough yet to clear artiller;;r fire off the beaches. ~ TherP is no communication with General Walker of the f6th Divis" on. .Apparently something has happened to the two du.½vs carr;ying 299 radio SPtS with which he was supposed to coJI1.municate with army. General Dawley has gone ashore to see how the 36th Division is progressing. A report is received this morning that beachhead at Vietri tak 0 n by the Commandos :has been re-taken by the GPrmans. ('j f l 1 J ~ f·:~ S) \\ "' \f' ft General t~iddleton reported to General Clark and discussed plans for use of the floating reserve. He is going ashore to see General Dawley, taking with him Colonel Hutchins, Comn:anding Officer of the 179th 'lC'l'. _ )I'S./'. ~>f~ ' :r~i'J If General Walker can hold his beachhead, General Clark may put one RCT of the 45th Division onto the beach between C'astellaJI1.are and Annunziata. ✓.1A report was received that It. Col. Darby's Rangers have succ<"ssfully reached the vicinity of rJocera on the Salerno ridge aric' are ir a favorab:e position to observe and fire upon the pass below. ! Brigadier Hichardsor.. returned from 10th Corps and brought moc1erat6ly good news. 10th Corps has a better hold than does the 36th Division. The fighting has been hard. General McCreery is not worried. Salerno has not been taken. Supplies are being unloaded pretty well on schedule, and combat persor..nel is ashore. General Lewis, Artillery Officer, has been slightly wounded. enough, however, to put him out of action. ~ vl ci ~'y>'o :v-~ / ~ /~sr l > ~ I l'Tot ✓ ~u~ At 1745 General Wilbur came on board, reporting directly from the ~ _ , field of battle. He described the situatior.. as m:xed. The opposition on l'\"'_9'/./ 1 the beaches was strong. Most of the 36th Division stuff was landed on red .'l beach where conditions were most favorable. Confusion was natural]y causer' <, ✓yaw by heavy dumping of men and materiel on the same beach. General Walker is ✓ ~ alright. His communications are very limited. His two 299 radios have not u yet reported to him. ~~~ v\.r r General Clark is going to senc Colonel Hutchins 1 179th PCT ashore onto red beach to move north behind the canal. ! V'-', 'f {!_ ~/}>' Two more German divisions are reporter! coming up from the south. This is tough on the Fifth .Army, although it will help bring the Eighth Army C, / north. " -'{_} '1' I}~ ..... ~ .~.ry ' �/ L{ J-. ~ if ~ General Clark is still very keen to get the 157th RCT of t.he 45th ~6 Division onto the beach north of Castellamare. ~ Messages of particular interest sent and received t.oOay a~e as I~ follows: cl' ~; / ;r~· ~~ \:. ).5 ()')::: Generals Dawley, Walker, r~cCrPery are advised by General Clark to p;o r:?' ') 1\i" ahead with established plans regardless of the Italian armistice. o'..9- lY' 1$'~ General Clark asks GPneral Alexander whether, in view of armj_stlce, scheduled bombings of Eboli anc.~ Batt.ipaglio to begin at H hour should be cancelled. General Clark feels they should not be cancel] ed because of \ German armor believed to be in the vicinity of these tovms. I ~.,1..- ~ / t/'~.)' ,_, .'! ,1 J_r. ~q,.j) At 0225 General Clark cabled _General Alexander, "Arrived in transport ( area on schedule. At this writing, 0200, boats havP been lowered ancl are in position. Sea is calm. Indications are that beaches will be reached on time. Two convoys attacked by enenzy- aircraft starting 2130. Jo rAport,◊f casualties but believed to be light. Five enemy planes believed shot dovm. Coc'le word messages will be sent as requested by you. 11 <;, I At 0454 General Clarlr cabled General Alexander, 11 Time 0400. Attack in proeress. Ancon is opposite mouth of Sele about 11 miles from shor< • ,,.,, Intense acti"I ity visible in 10th Corps sector. Tittle in VT Corps area. _fV~ Radar indicates second wave , 36th Divis ion, about to lanrl.. "io ir.f or:rr:a- .~ fl' / tion on 10th Co-rps. Weather perfect. 11 ~..ri-- f-'r .y t) ,r Another message, Clark to Alexander, points out that ~s of 0700 ~ ~o-,r situation generally favorable, that initial landiP.gs of Cl?mri_anrl.os, t16th , 1,-. . / and 56th Divisions are successful, that 36th Division is having trouble (J-rb ,.,.rY on yellow beach. K · ~~JA +.I 11 fo"j,. VI At 2039 a message from General Alexander states that because of can- r,, cellation of other proposed missions, the 82nd Airborne Division is now ~, available for use in the Fifth P:rrrry ar a. ~ c A~ 0 / At 2045 a message from General Clark to General Alexander states 36th Div2.sion has extencled beachhead from poi:-i.t approximately four miles from mo of Sele River, extending generally souLh to include Capaccio a!1d then generally southwest. Five small tank attacks repellec' by a battalion and a half of tank destroyers, extra battalion of 105 1 s and two companies of mediu.m tanks. Units badly mixed due to sea mines restrictine; available beaches. Reorganization taking plece, an~ situation appears more favorable. Am committing one combat team, 45th Division, in VI Corps sector immediately north of ::6th Division an0 south of Sele Piver. Landing to take place tonight. ro additional data on 10th Corps advance. Neither Salerno nor N:ontecorvino airport yet in our hands." , y:.;. ,,e..;:trA clV" ~o.d > o.--~ - ~ i..r:s /.i,_/L~ --1,M- f~ 1 ,.,.;;f ,...., {jVI.. ~ u.-Uo..-,. -:- I ( 1--~ .,1--9 11 l.._i; I/ ~-y R_.~ C . - ~ ,7...,. u_e-J.,,',,, ~l. ~ ,J ...,,.,._........,.,. ~r/1 /1 tv. - 7• t- ,/l a- ~•""""'11 $1/- &. ~~ ~· a> I If ~t'-'f.- t, ;.J.. ~ ..,_ 1, �15 There follows an aide memoire coverine act ion to be taken bv the Italian government prior to and following upon the pronouncement of the armistice between the Italian eovernment ari the Unltetl Nations: 1. This aide memoi_rP enumerates the points which it has been aereed that the Italia'!'l. Government will do everythi'1e; poss· ble to accomplish prior to the proclamation of an Armistice between the Italian Forces and those of the Allies, and other points on which action ls to be taken subsequent to the proclamation. 11 2. From the hour that the Armistice instrument comes into force until its proclamation: 11 l!• Take all possible measures to -~a-l'eguard Allie,✓ pr~soners of war. If GEIDkilN pressure to hand them over bAcomes too e;rAat they should if possible be released and succourPd by the people. _h. No ITALTA1 warships are to be allowed to fall into G""'"'flAN han'.!s. Arraneements must be made to insurP tmit all these ships can saH to ports designated by the Commander-in-Ch::ef, ~rediterranean, immecl iatel~· on declaration of Armistice. TTALIAH subma~"ineR should not be withdrawn from patrol as this would be a revealine; measure. _g_. :No merchant shipping is to be allow8r1 to fall into QR.iiviA.1\1 hands. Merchant shipping in Northern ports shonlrl, if possiblP., be sailed to ports South of the line VBNIC:W. - :EGHCYPN. In thP. la.st r ·P sort they should be scuttled. _Ul ships m11st be reaJy to sail for ports designated by Commander-in-Chief, r;eriiterranean. d. GERM.A coast defenses. Forces should not be allowed to take over ITAL TA~ e. .Arrangements are to be mar1e to be put in force at the propA"' time for ITALTAN organizations in thP BALKANS to march to the coast, with a view to their being taken off to ITALY b3r the UlHTRD NATTOFS. 5. For the defence of B.Q~i:=;, in which one Allied Airborne Divisio"'l (probably reinforced) is to participate, detailed plans will be completed and all preliminary preparations nmle, in.c-luding the following: 11 l!• secured. Three key airfields in the vicinity of ~Oti'r, to be effectively 2_. Preparatory moves will be taken to insure that all avenues to ROME can be seized and blocked with the least delay. _g_. Agreed navigatiorial aids for the Allied troop-carrying aircraft will be established. d. Full measures will be taken to insure that anti-aircraft fire is not opened on the troop-carryine aircraft. As far as po~sible nPutralize GEPW1A' F stations. �~- Arrangements will be made for contact bPtween CoTffiTlander and ,Staff, im'1ediately the divis ion lands. f. Arrangements will be made for provision of all suppli_es required b;r the airborne division, exclusive of ammunition (food, trucks, possibly some mdical assistance). g_. Fighter groups selected by the ITALIA' Air Force to be retained to assist in defense of RO!'liE. 11 4. Anticipating the need for length,y communicFtions which cannot be handled by the present link, arrangements will be mde for a rendPzvous as required at times and places to be designated by Com....,,.ander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, and with recognition signals. Written messages in code will be exchange~ for onward transmission by hand of officer courier. 11 5. PROCLAPft.ATION: At 1830 hours ROME time (1830 B hrs) of X ctay (Y day will be conmrunicated later but only a few hours :n advance) following immf'diately after the announcement of the Commander-in-Chief Allier Force of the conclusion of an Armistice, which annour1cement 1,.:i.ll begin at 181S hours R.rn:w time. ~Karshal BADOGTIO will proclaim the Armis,ice by every available means of public dissimination, by radio broadcast, by announcement to thP press and foreign diplomatic corps, and by telephone and telegraph to all agencies of the ITALIAN Gove,,.nme".l.t and the TTALIAN armed forces. Included in this proclamation will be orders to the ITALIA£ Armed Forces and people to cease all forms of resistance to the Armed Forces of the U:nT~D NATrors. At the same ti.me instructions will be issued to resist and obstruct the operations of the GF~~A~ Forces in every possible way as long as they remain on TTM,IAN soil. 11 fi • PO T PROCLAMATION ~· ,ASURES: From and after 1830 hours ROMF, time (1830 B hrs) X day the following measures 1are to be put in train, as rapidly as practicable: §:.• A ceasing of wor~ by all pe,,.sonnel engaged in occupations which facilitate the maintenance, movement anrl/or operatlons of the GFRl~~N Armed Forces. £• So far as possible, the paralysis of all movement of GE.B.MAN Forces throughout ITALY, especially in areas mentioned in sub-paragraph 1d 1 below, by the following means: I 1. By direct attacks on Headquarters and Command Posts of German military organizations. 2. Cutting of GER~,AN commurications (telephone and tele~raph, road and rail). 3. port. Destruction by sabotage or other means of eneizy motor trans- �port. 4. Ambushing Staff cars, dispatch riders and transport movement genera Uy • .£.• The destruction of GERMAN aircraft, stores of petrol, oil ammunition, etc., especially in areas mentioned in sub-paragraph 1 d 1 and aroutl FGGGIA. s!_. ROME area. 1. i!.• The seizure of all communications running through the outskirts of the city to prevent the GERMANS occupying it or moving through it. £• Direct attack on G~~MAN Headquarters at FRASCATI • .£.• Air defense of city. SP~ZZIA area. 2. Maximum cover for the departure of the fleet. Between ROIVF and '1.APLES. 5. Interfere as much as possible with movement of GERMAN divisions located between Rome and ~APLFiS. NAPLES. 4. Prevent destruction of port and shipping and hold port area if possible. 5. TAfl.A ',JTO. Seize and hold port for entrance of UYITFn NAT Im S Forces. BARI AND BRrnDISI. 6• Same as TARANTO, but with priority to TA:R.ANTO. CA.7ABRT.A. 7. Cut off GF.RMAN Forces in the TOR of ITATY by blocking road and rail communications." * * ABOARD U.S.S. AFCOE IN THE BAY 1F SALF.B.NO--S~PTFMBER 10, 1940--The followinp; important messages were sent and received b;y General Cli:P-·k today. Personal from Clark to Alexander. ttTime 1300. Have just returned from personal reconnaissance of VI Corps sector. Situation there is good. Favorably impres~ed with morale of 36th Division. General Walker estimates �250 dead and an undetermined number wounded. 179th Conbat Team has landed and is being assembled just south of Sele. Am leaving immediatPly to visit 10th Corps sector. Word just received indicates General McCreery's concern over possible attacks on Salerno from the north and northwest. Will advise you further on II\Y return." From the Commanding General, Fifth Army to 15th Army Group. occupied by our troops at 10104SB. 11 "Salerno From Clark to Commanoing General, 10th Corps. 11 Upon my return to command post I f01L'l'J.d that through error navy had commenced unloading combat team of 157 Infantry over'beac~es south of Sele River. Bridge is being put in co1mnission over Sele River on Route 18 which will permit me to fulfill my promise to you that this combat team will be employed on the right of the 56th Division and north of the Sele River at the earliest practicable moment. Will keep you advised on this matter. representative who visited Colonel Darby this afternoon finds it is entirely practicable to reinforce Darby by motorized units. ¥nerving you concur with me as to the impo-rtance of maintaining Darby 1 s position, I have directed that a United States composite force consisting of 1 Infantry Battalion, 1 Tank Destro;rer Company, 1 Artille!"J Battery, l Company of Tanks and 1 Company of ortars, all to be placed under Darby's command, will col!II!'.ence unloading in ICT 1 s at f'aiori as soon after 1200 hours 11 September as can be arrarwed. Have also reinforced Da-rby this afternoon by approximately 400 TnfantrymP.n as indicated to you this afte~ noon. These with rei..11.forcements contemplatec above should guarantee your debouchment from the Vietrl Pass when you are ready to make your attack northward. Desire immediate acknowledgement and comment." iw Personal froll" Clark to Alexander. 11 Vis ited 46th and 56th Division Commanders ashore this afternoon with McCreery. Am satisfied with situation in both corps sectors. [orale splenclfrl. All lanr1ings met German opposition at beaches. Resistance has een determined. Ii.ttle opportunity yet to observe any Italian assistance. Progress is being ma.de and beachheao. final objective is in the process of being secured. fontecorvino is in hands of 56th Division but cannot yet be used on account of hostile artillery fire. Observation points cove~ing airport are in process of beine secured. McCreAry estimates that use of this fiP.ld may be hcid by tomorrow night. A strip to the west thereof and another in the VI Corps sector are in process of construction, latter to be available for use tomorrow. 46th Division occupies Salerno and has advanced elements in passes as follows: North of Vietri about 2 miles, north of Salerno about 4 miles. Both are opposed by elements of 16th Panzer Division and possibly reconnaissance elements of He-rman Goerine Division. Althou~h 10th Corps previously reported occupation or Battipaglia, GP-rman armed elements are still occupyine a portion of town and com;ilete possession is being disputed. Due to wide sector of responsibility of 56th Division and resistance encountered, I am moving remainder of floatine reserve consisting of 157th RCT less one battalion on right of 56th Division and north of Sele 'River. This will permit all craft to return for anditional buildup. Darb~r 1 s Ranger position intact on high ground south of Pagni - Nocera. B.einforced it this afternoon with 82nd Airborne Division detachment of 450 men. Will also reinforce Rangers tomorrow over Maori beach with composite United States force take~ from VI Corps of one infantry battalion reinforced with tanks, tank de- �stroyer an<l artillery. This shouJ." assist materially in the 10th Corps debouchment north from Vietri when J6th Division ready to make such attack. Aerial reconnaissance today indicates many motor movements from south of Salerno sector to the north and from Rb.oli area to the east and north throueh Potenza. other motor movements observen are from north to the south in the direction of Salerno. It may be deduced from this that new Ge-rrnan st,...eneth from south may avoid the Salerno area and pa.ss a1,ound it into the Naples area. -r_, therefore, request that plans be laid on for the employrnent of elements of the 82nd Airborne Division as follows: 1 battalion with demolition detachments to be dropped in the Avellino area, if practicable, with mission of blocking all roads leading to or from thnt area. When forced to withdraw because of exhaustion of supplies to withdraw to the south to join elements of the 10th Corps. Also that 1 reinforced PCT or as much as can be airborne, be dropped in the most suitable area available, gener~ lly northeast of Naples in order to disorganize communications and facilities, harass enemy and assist the 10th Corps in its advance northward. Both these missions to be executed .at the earliest hour practicable on night 11th - 12th September. If this not practicable, execute on nie;ht 12th - 13th Septemb9r. Both drops should carry necessary supplies for aprJro:id.IIJl'!.tely five day period unless you feel that improvement in air situation here will permit re-supply by air. Desir~ to use the 9 T,CIL 1 s offered in ~rour QQl"'OO to lift ground elements of the rlivision. Mission of destroying bridges oye.r Volturno not now necessary as jntPlligence indicates some of them alreacy destroyed. Requeat early advice of decision made." A penciled note was broueht to General Clark from General Mort~ol'1ery by General Montgomery's aire, reading as follows: 11 1 send herewith Ce_:pt. Chavasce, my A.D.C. to bring you my greetings and best wishes for future successes. Will you give him all Aetails as to your present situation, to bring back to me. Good luck to you. 11 At 0830 General Cla~k WPnt ashore in a PT boat, skippered by Lt. Tullock. He was accompanied by Captaj~ Byles and Sergeant Holnen. The party ar~ived on red beach about 20 minutes later, where C'eneral Clark found General 0 1 Daniel supervi.sing unloading operations. Borrowing a jeep from General O•Daniel, General Clark went to thP- Headquarters of VI Corps and 36th Division which are in a tobacco factory about two miles NE of the village of Paestum and conferred with General Dawley an~ General Walker. The situation was described as being well in hand. A strong but narrow beachhead has been established. The 56th Division has penetrated inland about 5 or 6 miles. Tt has not, of course, effected a juncture with the British 56th Division north of the Sele Fiver. The 179th RCT, which was supposed to have landed at midnight, was still landing on the beaches during the morninr hours. The 141st RCT of the 36th Division has suffere~ fairly hP.avy lossPs, although the e)...-tent of them is not lr.nmw at present • In the afternoon, General Cla-rk took the same PT boat to H.M.S. r; lary. The location of this ship was not kno~n, Gnd it took the PT boat 2 1/2 hou~s to find it, much to the impatiPnce of thP Commandinz G<>neral. The Hilary is General McCreery 1 s command ship. TTe was not on board, but General Cla-rk found him very shortly .i.._ a motor launch on his way to shore. General ~kC.,..e.r-iry �transferred to General Clark's PT boPt, and both officers went on into Sugar Amber beach. Get tine; into jee!)l'l, both Gi:>nerals drove- to t11.E> Hi:,adquarters of the 56th B.,.itish Divisior, v:bich was not more thar:. a mile from the shore in the· vie inity ·of Ponte Cagano. There the~· md and talked w~ th Major General Graham, Commanding the Division. The 56th Division has had very hard fighti!'g. They have not yet r;ot control of the Montecorvino ai.,.port or the town of Battipaglio. Ger-era1 HcC:reery agrees , ith GeneraJ. Gla,,.k that the result of' the ~talian surrendBr has beer. to make the fighting more difficult for us be::. cause the Germans immediately took over Italiar defensive i:rstal:ations, includi!"_J coaste.l defense batteries and a.nti-&ircra.ft guns. Upon returning to the Ancon in the late afternocri, reneral Clark V'"S c:.istressed to find that, through a misconstruing of or,1 , "S, the 2.S?th Tl("!' , wl·ich was supposed to have been held as c1 float in£ reservs, was 1mloar•0 · ahead of and alor-g with the 179th RCT which was supposeri to have 'lPPn ur.loaded by midnight last night to reinforc,.. General nawley 1 s left flark, ConsequentlJr, Gr:meral Clark lost the last of :tis fJ eating reserve a!"rl, at the same time, the lan,' fog of the 179th was held up by 10 or 12 hours. Word was received in the late evening that the British r..ow holil Ji'odecorvino airport but can not use it because it still is unae,.. hostile a"t i:lerJr fire. It. Col. Yarborough returnee.. from his ,..econnc:.issctrice trip to It. Col. Darby's Ranger position on the top of the Sorrento ridge. Darb~r has ar excelle!"lt position and is laying down artilJ ery fire ir the va1ley to the 6 reat harassment of German motor convo~'S passing up and down the hi~hway. Ge::..eral Clark is going to immediately reir..force Darby with one reinforceo battalion from V! Corps to be chosen by General Dawley. ije is ver<.J pleasec w5.th Darby's effort, and he intends to back him up to the limit. ~ ~ p-e...,,.,._.. ~w.J (rl ~ ,~ - f ,v.:f ,/,1,'Cv.p ~ ~ °d ~S'T " /-G.w ~ ~ t.ff _,_""f cfd ~?-...~.A ~L~~ - f \\ �I ABOARD THF U.S.S. A COi Ii THF BAY OF SAil<''RPO--SFPTl<'11BFF 11, l~,1_:c: __ There was heavy bombing of the area around the Ancon at midnight last night anrl again at 0500 this morning. The Anc.on was not damaged. Colonel Porter, Secreta!'y to the General Staff, who was on board ar LST near the Ancon, was wounded by a shell fragmer-t which penetrated the side of his ship and ripped an openir..g in his chest while he was lyine in bed. The wounr~, although pa.ir_fu2., is not serious, and. it is not believed that he w·11 lose aL;y time from duty. At 1000 hours the cruCser Savannah, while passing within 200 yarCs of ~i· r the Ancon, was hit by a bomb just forward of her bridge. Flames broke out 1 on the deck of the ship, anc Dumerous casualties were incurred. She will bet,/ able to proceed under her own power to docks for reconditioning. It is pro- y ) bable that she will be out of action for some time. At 1 ·oc hours, General /(y~ Clark, accompanied by Ca:rtain Byles and Sergeant Holden, vrent ashore in a FT LY~/ boat. Gem ral Clark talked with General /ilbur on the 'bP~ch regarding the f. ~ sending of a reir_forced battalion to I,t.• Col. fle.r y. GPneral Clark' plans to'~-.. ~ place General vrilbur in charge of loadine and deliverir..~ the battalion. Fe r, will then report back to Fifth Army Headquarters. \L ?;.si Y. /j}, ~" The Commanding Generals Dawley and 45th Division which north of Pae st um on ,< General then went or to VI Corps, where he confE'rTe" with f ,, Walker. Afterwarcls, he continue~ on to the Bea 'qua1·ters ,' ,:~0-Gis set up in an olive grove about three or four miles (t'~.J' . the eastern side of highway fl8. ·r/7~ vt ., / Continui.r~g on up highway _J 1l8 to the Sele River bridge, which had een vr?. blovm out, General Clark turned left into the area which Lt. Col. Brovm has fY../4"'~ ~ chos~n for Fifth Arm;,r Hea~quarters. It consists of ari old Italian mansion ~;"j}.-~ tp set in a large grove of pine trees • \~~'".,y:t if ,V/\' ''(/ Coming back to the beach, General Clark talked briefly to General 0 1 Danield -~" and then returned to the Ancon, arriving there at 1745. ~\1 v v?-ll""r The 179th and 15 7th PCT I s of the 4-5th Di vision are pushing northwarcl in o/~/ . two columns. The 179th is on the east~rn side of highway #18, and the 157th ? · f"')f/ is on the western side of the sa!fte highway. The 17\?th has made fast progress Vo,,J and was lying on the south bank of the Sele Fiver. The 157th RCT had met • oY/ stiffer opposition but expected to cro,-s the Sele by 1700. A hare fight was l~:yt going on between German tanks and the 645th Tank Destroyer Battalion north of (5 f) the Sele. We watched the 91st Tank Battalion crossing the Sele on pontoons /v~<;, .,." ir.. order to go to the assistance of the 6Ll Sth Tank Destroyer. Throueh con- t1,.f.,"' fused instructions, a delay was incurred fr. getting off the reinforced battalion to aid Colonel Darby on the Sorrento Ridge. They are, however, now on the way. General Clark . is tentatively planning to use Darby's forc8s and the 82nd Airborne Division northeast of 1 aples anr-1 at the same time push the 10th Corps through the passes into the iaples plain. A number of important messafAS arE' quoted as follows: Commanding Genera 1, Fifth Arrr-.y, to TAC Hq. lfith Army Group. "Fragmer tary reports 10th Corps incicate advance is satisfactory considering streDgth of �hostile force. 1ST u.11loading rate this sector favorable. Situatior .~6th Division confused and generally unsatisfactory. No communication with Walker since he landed early today. Staff officer this Headquarters just returned reports beachhead still has little depth and vulnerable to counterattack. I.ST' s :lid not start to unload until 1230 today because of minesweeping requirements. Troops have been under fire durine unloading. Dawley is now ashore. I will probably comr:it one combat team 45th livision on left ril of EBth Division tonight. German prisoner captured by 56th Division stated } -16th Panzer Division has been waiting on beaches for this attack for two f-, weeks. Two German prisoners captured by 5f;th Division stated they have order~ ft -~ ff' 1 to defend Montecorvino airport if forced to withdrav. 11 ?. /;;_"t;J i ft/ ,P ersonal fJfem Clark f~lexander. "Referring to my :MA109T of ?th, I want to make it clear that you may use 82nd Airborne Division in ary manner ~~} you deem advisable. You may use it as an infantry reinforcement for your J~ ground forces in AVP_LJINCHF movhl~ it there to by sea or air or both, which..:I ever you desire. Or you may use it in an airborne operation or in a combined airborne-seaborne operation to reinforce AVALA?rcw. I want :rou to know that 82nd Airborne Division or any other resources at my command are available ~ to assist you in your current operations. For your information, all combatant elements 82nd Airborne Division are now concentrate~ on Sicilian air. n _J fields. 500 plane loads of equipment to complete concentration being movei · l:r'f Sicily today as are all remaining gliders. Heavy transporta.tion of Iliv·is ion . ✓ " <:/"" must remain in North Africa pending availabil H.y of shipph1r. 11 1 ~ zg 9/" Zc-'o · 1J> Personal from McCreery to Clark. 11 Heavy fighting took place today tJ-1 arotL11d Battipaglia and also on the left flank north of Salerno. 4 units of Herman Goering Division now identified on left flank. In centre proP,ress t ~ ,,. e,-;, has been good and we are up to point 210 80528:5 and Montecorvin.o 77'FO. i•" Casualties yesterday i=-nc to<lay have been rather heavy. Total estimatP.rl 3000 Immediate tasks are (1) Tonight capture of strong pocket of enemy about ~ ,, tobacco factol"'J 8024 (2) Tomorrow obtain more elbow room to our positions s vt\~¥( north of Salerno astride roads to Avallino · and Pagani. (3) tight 12/F S e p ~,.,,} attack by 56th Division to capture Battip;:i.glia ancl high ground to the east ~ ~ 1 8602:30. Ji.f'ter this attac;k consider 5Rth Division will not b e strong erough ~ ~,1 to at once undertake a fu;rther major operation. Therefore, urr ently request ,J 1- ~ tr,.+ boundary wlth v~ Corps be . adjusted so that VI Corps has incl of spur SW of JJ .r" ' c-"" . Eboli 872:5. The form1;,tion attackinG T'boli must also capture this hie;h ';ct, 0 ,,J.f' ground to the SW. Host grateful for the reinforcements for narbJr. 11 ~ .;,,..,. -;:;.., ~ p·;,y_ •V- .7/~ ~ % ;,1£./' Personal Clark to Alexander. "VI Corps position generally favorable. Y Visited ths.t. area this afternoon. Movement of 157th combat team north of ,_,,.._,.. the Sele has taken place. , F01.md it necessary in order to reduce the area g,/of responsibility of 10th. _ orps to shift the boundary between Corps to the~ C north to a line running generally through Eboli slightly south of west. ~~ ~' GerJ'!l.an counterattack inclu.r ing tanks developed in the late afternoon from ~ ..J"' Eboli to the south towards Persano. Movement of 157th Combat Team into this ✓ I area should correct this situation. Results have not been reported . Have 1-J-i 'J directed VT Corps to reduce strength in the rv~ged area in the south and tlL'/ ~ aided by the use of mines to shift its weight to the northin Orf PT' to meet ~:.,.~ enemy counterattack in its new area of responsibility north of thP SAle. ~ () Situation on 10th Corps front has not improved. Position u.~chan~ed in ?.:::J }P"'iv ~ ~ ~ ~✓ :~ tZ~J£~~ ~ ~Dr_ 7 yv- .t-</~ \ ,C\ ~ ~t4 ~~~CA, ;. ev--- I r ' cJ. ~✓ �passes north of Salerno. Fighting still progressine for possessior of Battipaglia. Some observation points north of Poute 18 still remain in enemy hands. Reinforcements for Ranger forces previously reported are takinr; place. This should materially assist 10th Corps in its push to the north as soon as they have consolidated their positions. Generally,.,. am satisfied with the progress made to date. German resistance throUf;hou-t.. has been determined. VT Corps reports over 900 casualties to date. No casvBlty report from 10th Corps, but they probably run in about the same propqrtioh. Unloading has been slowed up froll' the start because of en"'Il'Y opposition at the beaches anc later artillery fire prevented use of some. With increasing resistance from the north, loth Corps has difficult task in breaking through passes. Consi0er use of parachutists as previouslJ indicated to you warranted to aid in this principal effort. Expect to establish command post ashore about noon tomorrow. 11 Personal to Clark from Alexander. 11 P.F>ceipt of your excellent re:::iort of your visit to 48th anc- 56th Divisions and 10th Corps ashore acknowledged. Reference your proposed operations for 82nd Airborne Division, lPck of time for preparation makAS e~ecution these operations impracticable tonight and doubtful for night 12/15 Sep. 82no AirbornE> Division has been dfrected to prepare for these operations at earliest possible date. Will advise you when they can be executed. In meantime, q LCI (L) 1 s now at Licata ari:s bAiDf loaded with grou.~d elements 82nd Airborne Division for immediate nispatch to Avalanche • 11 * ITALIAl,J SOTT--SEPTEMBFR 12, 1943--This morning General C'lark left the good ship Ancon which had been his home for thR pa.st week and which bad carried him in safety from Algiers to the Bay of Salerno. Captain Mather, the skipper of the ship, bade him good by and good lucl on the quarter r,eck. Arriving on shore, he visited first the VI Corps C'P where he conferred with General Dawley. He then drove to the Fifth Army CP in the baronial mansion on the south bank of the Sele River. Right after lunch he drove to rer beach by jeep where he boarded his PT boat and travelled north to 10th Corps sugar amber beach where he landed and was taken directly to General f'.cCreery 1 s 10th Corps ~eadquarters near Pontecangano. Arriving back at his own headquarters in the evening, he conferred with Colonel Brann and agreed with the colonel that the present location of the :Ieadquarters was unsatisfactory as being too small. l''oreover, the large mansion stood out like a sore thumb and made an easy bombing target. A reconnaissance was made immediately, and General C'larv a.nd a few of his officers moved southward down highwry #18 in the oirection of Paestum a:r J, turning off the highway a short distance north of the VT Corps Headquart-rs, were led to an area of close growing underbrush affording ample room and good cover. General Clark's ('P truck not having been unloaded as yet, he spent the night in General Gruenther 1 s. Messages of interest are as follows: I �Personal for l!lexander from Clark. "Your 111438 and your 112t25 Reached General Clark at 0930 today just as he was leaving Ancon to visit VI Corps and 10th Corps. Since 10th Corps will not be ablP to launch · attack north from Salerno as early as was previously plannPrl, th"' airborne attack requested for night 12/1:Z September sbould be car1cellPr'. >i':xr:iect to request this drop for night F/14 or night 14/lf in areas prPv~ously designated. You will be advised further. Report received from General :Mccreery this morning stating that ~6th Division had heavy fight.inf, 10th and 11th. He hopes to capture att·i.pa.glia and hie;h ground to east tonight. 46th Division cannot initiatemajor offensive to north until S6th nivision has taken over part of 4fth Divisio:ri front. .At preserit fi6th Division is fully occupied and caririot ~ide-step to nort:r... 1ovement of 179th Combat Team to north of Sele Piv~r will be ma.de today or tomorrow so that 4fith Division may assist fi6th Division in capture of high grounr' between Battipaglia and Eboli. 11 PersoDal for Alexander frori Clark. "Desire drop in Faples arc,a PCT 82nd Airborne Division be postpom'ld in(lefinitely. Desire drop of one battalion preferably ~09th if aveilable be JI'F. ,, "'13.rliest practicatlP moment at Avellino with mission of disrupting communications that area harrassine; enemy rear and then advancing on Salerno to join 10th Corps. Whe1 w4 ll ninA LCI arrive with 82nd Division personnel? Have just returned from coru"rfPCe with IfoCreery. Situation unfavorable in 10th Corps. 56th Division criver out of Battipaglia with heav-J losses. Fxhausted conditior this div-isioY) makes it necessary poRtpoPe attack night 12 Seutember on Battipagl:a an; high ground to east.. 46t.b ivision ma :intaini.nr position iri passes but ; s subjectec~ to inf i.ltration from north. "'lements of Herman Goeri!{, 15th Panzer Grenadier and 16th Panzer Divisio1-s identified on t6t1- n·visior frort. J:Io change on Raneer front. fontecorvino airdrome cannot be user' bPcause of artillery fire. In VI Corps the 179th PCT will be movec rorth Sele Riv0r night 12 September. left flank VI Corps after several counterattacks las beer withdrawn to conform to 56th nivisim front south of Batt-ipae;lia. Tr_ v·Pw heavy enenw reinforcements it now ap._iears T must await further builr'up b0fore resuming offensive. Will continue to shift troops rorth of river as situat · or / demarids. Meanwhile I hope thi?t ? .ighth Arrrry will attack with all possible \ vigor in order to cont• ·r.. 26tr and 29th Pa>1ZPr Divisiom~ to maximum. ~mpera. \ tive 6 r ST I s an 18 LCT I s now at Termini loadfog 4Sth Division ..,CT bE' si=\rit j} with all speed. Also request most urgently that combat loaders and akas row apriroaching Algiers be '"'ent to suitable ports in Sicily to load :"rel Divi::-ion for AVAU'J('.t.n with 7 ria;;Ts maintenarcP,. 3rri DLvisiori :rm.1y bP utilizPd as buildup ir. Salerno· Bay sector or it may be used in amphj.bious attac .:.n Gulf of Gaeta. Please send General Truscott and at least OD" staff officor hPrP y most rapid means to confer with me referP-nce probablP employmPnt. At th:s conferencP we shall work out loading plfn and the nur-ber of 1 ST 1 s ano. ICT 1 s to be made available." VTCT''HTY OF PARSTlTl"-SEPTTTBf'P 11,, 1943-General Clark spent the wholP day today iD a series of confer"''1Cf>~ ir Gereral Gruenther 1s GP true¥; which 11P is st.:.11 using pending thP errival of his own. Tn the afternoon bac' news came to the effect that the enemy hacl infj ltratec' through the American 1 irP,S south of the Sele River. The situ:.tlor. is extri= m~ly critlcal, anr' it is �possible that the American forces may sustain a seveT'e defeat j_p this a-rPa.) n-eneral Clark has made arrangements through his aidP , Capta; n Byles, to evacuate the Readquarte-rs on ten minutes I notice and take a FT boat north to the loth Corps area , where the situation is better for :tr.a ir.:.tair_ir~ a clawhold on the Italian soil. During the night firine from the 3(th Division art ille~· wert on right next to the Army Ht'at1 quartP.,,.S. "'.:11 the morl"'.ine G0n:> .... al r,1ark will review the situation rapidly on the terrain and rnakA a dec.ision as what best to uo to save the situation. Messages of particular interest follow: J l Persoml for Clark f"om Alexander. 11 our .'12:.. received. Drop of RCT in Naples area po"'t.pon80 in-lefi.n ;tely. Am iil'l.meiiatPly ey:.rnil"lL:1,::: pos ibilit;' ,.P of Avellino mission , hut 82nd Airborne 1ivtsior, an 1 Transoort Co111.IW nri anvisE '\ against it because of 110ods :ci.nd configurati.on of terrain ·vhich rec.._ uirAS drop¥ (,'.r ping fro~ 3000 feet w;th resulh.nt disp"'rsion greatl:· .,..e..,uc Lne; effectiveness. d' t.. ..P ~ Am urgine a l concerned to spee up to maximu.rn r'isp· tch of h IST I s and 18 T.C I s 1_0' !:ii\ ~ J (L) froI'I T~rmini. Am requestj ne C-:b.-C' for cornba-1; loa, ers t, nd ake s you askP.rl \ "J ~ ~ f o r to get ~,ou 3rd. Division as 1uicldy as possible. A.m orc'terint; General Trus~ v cott anf necessary staff to re~ort to you at earliest pos~iblP. romP1t. rave 0 al-ready instructed 8th Army to press on with all possiblP speei ari yestA-rr'l.ay .!J' j I sent cy Ch-ief of Staff to see General "or,tgome1-y- am' ex-.,lain e11t irP ~ t.''f 1 s:.tution. As ;'OU kno,1 , T ha.v8 put the B,...·t·sh Airbr..,.rie ivis,i.o:r. into Ta"anto/ ·; ·~'o l with orders to act boldly and threaten thP G,-,,.IT:.an flank in th"' a,..ea bPtWPnr v-✓f :'.,'OU and Taranto. Bes of luck to ·. 1 l of ,1~ou. Keep rie i1for1rP. · ar ' let J::" \1 / ~ 9' know how I can help. 11 f'J"f J' \ffv ~ r1emorandum for Genera J C'l. rk from GP:rieral •rc-CrP.i:;ry, inclu 1 inp; ri port of Colonel Darby: 0,J 0 i3 J J_J. T Y ·. 1. T sent you a most secret r.:essaee last nieht but T am senc' :'...nf this fuller memorandum by I .O. i.n case the cipher ...,ec:sage is slow. 11 2. Tt is splendi0. nP.WS th"' goorl progress of 4fi Div South of th" ' S"li'l 'Ii'. T sinc<::rely hope th"':' will succe~rl in ePtting to -onNTF. Sli'T ~ 0 422 torlay. This will be splendirl because it will block G -rm n -Air>SorcE>nents from thA POTF. 1ZA ar<=a • 11 0 1 56 Div harl very heavy fie;ht ine ycster· 1 ay and on 10 Sep an if thE\succeed i11 capturing BATTIPAGLTA anc1 the high grounl to the Est on n·:::ht li?./1... Sep , I think th'lt will be us much as th1=1y can rlo for the moment. Tho Pf ore , if Pi Corps can capture EBOIT and the Spur to the C\.W. of T;'J30II it .il:_ be the greatest hel::_1 in fi.ri.ishing off 16 Pz Div. 5. I am very gli=l.d that you have reinforce1 Col. DARBY. This ac'dit ional support will enf ble him to plr.t;:· a promi'1"'rit part in helpinp; 46 niv ,,."'llYout into the \TAPLFS PlaLl'l. I am ver'-J keen thr1t Col. DARBY shall remain in com.,,,·md of this Force. A Faval signal ,,.eceiverl yesterc•ay from C' W'J'H' tm~' 0807 hrs, stated that these rel~forcing units woul0 e und~-r Brie. Gen. PLlbur under him. 11 It is essential th':l.t the 11 T.CT 1 s withdrawn from us :'PSt'.)r lsy b~r A '!'liral TIRWITT to trans!)ort these reirforcer ents :=,hall rPturn to ass-ist ou·,.. u...11.loarling of store ships immec'i~tely they have rli~cha-rtr,Prl th"' r.1P11 anrl vehicles at f.W1RT Beach. I h~Y"! , at the moT"ent, a tota 1 ly ineieqwtP riurbPr f'/ ./4 J;trYM �of 1,CT I s, and unless these 11 r 0 turn to ri i_scharge essential stor 0 c, operations wil 7 be seriously pr8·jtYlicecl. Tr fact, I c>an forPsee that u 1 PSS discharge is speeded up a shortR.e;e of 25 pr ammun.:.+,ion ,vill result. 11 4. Thanlr you for the copy of the rremo sent bJr you Parly 11 S0p to Ge11e.,..al ATE¥AnTJF'R. I hope it !'lay be possible to a"'ra'1£:9 the a. ·irbc "UP ope.,..ations which you outlined. I think thRt the night, l ~/1 ~ Sep woul ~ be c;_u • te soon enough for this, or PVPr t;0 n~ghts later. With the arrival of several U..'"l~ts of the '-IERMA'T Grn;~'t"':"m DTV .:.n thP sector North of SAL"fi:P"!O it will not be possible for 46 Div to initiate a major offensive to captur8 the PAGAIH Def lle to enable them to debouch into the T\TAPT~S Plain until 5€ Div has taken over part of 46 Div front. 56 Div, at, the morr.. -mt, is fully r->iS."ten( r=Kl and therefore cannot side-step to th"' 'Torth U.."Ylt ·.1 6 Corps has taken over a considerable part of the present Cj6 Div sector. This obviously cannot be done u.11til the hieh grou..T1d between r.BOLI anc BATTIPAGLIA has bee11 captured. 0 T full a!)preciate the necessity for spee,c1 , but I would aea_. n po"nt out that there has been ver-J heavy fiehtir.,::;, n, 1 thet unlnss the airborne operations which you have suggested to 1.c; A.,..nr.r Group actually tak8 !)lace it will not be easy for 46 Div to break out into thA_ 'APIF.S Plain. My build up is ver~r slow ancl I hope that nothing will be donA to interfere with the arrival of 7 Armc Div. In fact, a:riy a•·ltll t ional T S'T' 1 s which can be allotted to hurry up a.rriva1 of thP Division will bi=- o-P thL greatest value. · T ca"lnot agree thet the arrival of the Composite U.S. Force to reinforce Col. DABBY will Anable the 4fth Div to takA the off0nsive at once, for the reasons i have outlined above. 11 5. Unless the situation changes radica1l~r 1 -io not think it advisable to land 011A RCT of /11:j Div in CASTh'LLAJ\lf\.~F BAY area. "!'t app<>ars that part of the HFRMA'tlJ GOFRING DIV must h1nr.e moved up close to thP coast ir t h.0 FAV FS BAY area. Col. nA":)BY, will, with energetic patrolling, try anr1 get info~·mation about this area. The TJaval P.eccA Part~, is unlikely to fine out much more than the slope of the Beaches. All m~' troops are in very good heart. rv~r L.O. has just returned from Col. nARBY ancl his rf?ort which is attached shows that DPJ?BY appreciates that the ANIJU'\Z ATA - Ct•ClTFT,I&MI'ARP. Bay is actively defended, also that owing to thP built up naturi:i of the strip alone the coastal roui, enemy defenc<> would be easy. 11 6 • SALERNO Port• ls now open and a first class B8ach just West of the Port will also be very useful. 11 ~RPORT BY C0~. DARBY TO L.O. OF 10 CORPS AT 1600 HRS 11 SFP. 45. Suitable all way for all tpt less transport<;rs and only one wa;'. Demolition '11<.:ST of VI~TRT - matter receiving ~ttention. Ts fit for Inf Bde Gp on move to riebouch into Plain of NOCKRA if they go straight up through Defile. Not suitable for halt on roarl going .ORTH. �O.Ps. with observation towards coast. CASTELLAJ1V[AR.F - TORRE ANNu1\TZTATA difficult but probable shortly - after enemy are driven out of area PIANILLO - AGEROLA, where battle is imminent. Patrols very doubtful on that sector of coast. CASTFI LAMMAR"B": very strongly held - also presumably coast NOR.TB. Suitable place for landing RCT probably just SOUTH of TORRE ANNUNZIATA. Rest of that sector faced by factories and not suitable. Will do best to patrol, and recce. Contact established with 6 Lines on RIGHT. AR1'1Y O.K. and in process of coming in. Reinforcements from 5 Inf strong in sector NOCERA - VI'STRI (Man;;" empty troop transporters in NOCERA) Armour EAST of PAGAT\TI - also many half tracks seep coming out from CASTELLAl\1iVIARE. A lot of armor in this sector generally. Coast is recced as far as CONCA DF.J MARMI. Difficult to say at moment how things will work out. should clear shortly. Situation Attacked by paratroops in NORTH sector this morning (11 Sep) repulsed.". From Ridgway to Clark, reading in part as follows: "Your message re/ ceived 1330 hours 13 September and instant attention initiated to dispat'ch Avellino mission (2nd Bn., 509th) first priority and reinforcing mission / to D.Z. south of Sele both tonight. Latter to consist of 50Llth less one battalion with engineers attached. Vitally important that all ground and naval forces in your zone and in Gulf of Salerno respectively be directed to hold fire tonip:ht and succeeding nights for further reinforcements." (It should be noted that General Clark issued an imperative order to withhold all fire during the nights of the parachute drops). From 10th Corps to Fifth Ariey. "Situation VIETRI area critical. Hope· one Ranger Bn will counterattack from MAIORI direction tonight where enemy has infiltration onto Road. 46 Div very extended. Reference my 014 of 12 Sept. Can one Airborne Bn. be sent as early as possible as reinforcements? Gliders can land on v:j_ew strip due completion tonight in area ?f,021.5. Would like if po sible two hours notice landing and whether para or glider troops." From TAC, 15th Army Group to Fifth Army. 11 Combat Team 82nd Airborne \ Division will be dropped in brirlgehead south of Sele River tonight as· you J requested. Time of drop not yet firm will be furnished you later. Sug1 gest Navy and ground forces Avalanche Area be warned this operation may be expected any time tonight and rigid control anti-aircraft fire is abso- · lutely essential for its success, Navy also being notified at M this end. Incomplete prep:i,rations for Avellino drops prevents . its execution tonight. Will be carried out tomorrow night. Avellino area will be heavily bombed by Wellingtons tonight. Spaatz requests you keep House fully informed ~ these operations as a double check on his channel to House. n .,,. ~ , 4 ~ f AA.et ,~~ 111. ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ :z,...,dtlVI. 1 A /4.C.,1,i.<..I,~ ~~u...,,, J ! ~ I o ~ ) . ~ eJ'V\. r.,,..~ /.Jt:I.. - .,R~ --J-£~ft~ -1 -'-"',e.4 ~A,e~ ~ , _ h ~ N ..t..J_J - ~ ~ - t. . '.t ~ µ..f.,._J l.~t> ~..:r 1- A~t. - .,,l.c~ -S 11.~ ~ Pw,\ -:r- a;;_1 It'-<~.- co �~~ 0 I.--'1,,,~ -- ~ a - ~ ~ ~ 5-0 'I~ ~ - ltc-. .fa.C.e '7 ~ ~ - "' ~;· A f ~ / ' -- ~~- ~ /.','I ~ .J J, · _ A - - - M ~ /J A -tr-C- ""'- I t~ ~'"tV ~t s. \'.._._._., ,. :"l uersonal for Clark from Alexander. fl In view of extreme Ui.'sency for Avellino operation as indicated in your messagP, this operation is also beine executed tonight. Impossible now to advise you time of drops but. you may be assured they will be earliest possible hour. Warn all concerned. Ack..nowledge. fl Personal for Clark from Alexander. "My Ch~ ef of Staff has ~ust r~~turned from conference with "r;iehth Ariey- at which instructions Vffr . . ""iven Eiehth Army to push forward with all poss il:ile vie;our to threate r rma:t1 forces opposite you. Gen. 1\fontgome!'"IJ informs me that by 15th he wilJ have~ f brigades in Belvedere T5914 and Firmo Tsr-27 and will push patrols towa:.,.rl.s _ ~ Avalanche area with every means at his disposal. His patrols have already 'f reached Scalia T5336. Every facility and DeRns availablP this theater ineluding air, sea and grou..nd are being concentrated to assist_you. TCT 1s [)if.·~ with RCT 82nd Airborne Division about 1600 men and second flight 4S U.S. Division now in route to Avalanche. Should arrive tomorrow 14th. Plan to ~not)' fly additional 'R.CT 82 Airborne ivision in tomorrow night. Let me know how }F/ else I can help you. 11 t,>, .. 0 A ir-,{).,-.\'_ Y A radio from General AlPvRnder to r.e'1.era1 Clerk states that by th,., 18th of the month 2 "RCT I s of the 3rr1 Division should be lande0 and the remaincer of the 3rd Division on th8 19th. VICUTITY OF PAESTUM--SEPTFMBH''Q 14, 1945--General Dawley arrived at 0700 for a brief conference with the Commanc'line General. The s2.tuation of VI Co•·ps is grave this mor"1i.ne, p::irticulE rly in the sector formed by the confluence of the Sele and Galore "Ri~rs. The 38th rivision has eeri hard hit in thP last 24 hours and has fallen back from Albanella and Altavilla durine the night • ~ 7, ~ ~ ;_ C-,t. ~ J:-l-.:,, &:°7) o.cic. ~°'- '2 ~ 't4._ r""-°"" ,r"''Ej. Immediately efter his conference w'.th Ge1eral Dawl"'Y, General Clark got in a jeep and with Sergeant •fold<?n rlriv;_ne anll accompani r hy his two air3Ps, Captain Byles and Lieutenant Thrasher, drove forward to the front. Go int: UJ Highway /.118, he turned rieht on the road that parallels thA south ba 1k of the Sele "qiver. i{e visited a number of small units postP.d in this arP-a; -ror example, a small reconnaissance element of a Tank ,estroyel' Battalion; another was a platoon of m~ium t~~ks. Tt was apparent that officers and men ha~ taken a hard drubbing, were fatieued and were in low spirits. General Clark, in a few precise, cetermined word@, bucked up the officers he spoke to and told them that there must be no indecision in their minds and that they would not give up another inch of ground. Proce13ring on out this roa' at a poirt right on the front line where the rcxa.,1 passes between two hills rising sharply up to the left and right of the road, General Clark and hi.s two aidPS dismounted. Clambering up the hill on the rieht hand side of the roa0, General Clark observed the terrain below him to the east. He there discovered a formation of 8 or 10 enemy tanks which h~d crossed thA Sele River and WP,re about to in.f iltrate through the lines of the 36th Division. Makine a quick est·mate of the situation, the General ra. irly went down the hill, got into his jeep and, finding the headquarters of General Wilbur a short distance down the road, conferred with him and organized a defense against the ap 1)roachtne ,. v armor. ~ , . t - ~ t ~ - .J= ~ -r:~ 'i,,i~,._:z_ L(O ~ . v ✓ Pflx..v0 Y:'" rvb,_AJ--tt..l~.f..- Y;'- i-$~~ ~ y~~" fe~~ , ;ui,,0 ~t I (Jt> ;vc 7 I J �~'t~-tr/'-"' ;Cc }~~~ 1413-r~~-~~J~ ( J f ~~~~jQ~~ {)V\ General Clark then went on to the command post of the 157th and 179th RCT 1 s of the 45th Division. These troops, battle-trained in the Sicilian campaign, were in much better shape than the 36th Division. They had good liaison with their artillery, and the 179th, within the period of an hour, had that morning knocked out 13 enenzy- tanks. In the afternoon, General Clark visited Generals Dawley and Walker at their Headquarters. B:e toed them of the arrival today of the 180th ]CT of the 45th Division. The first elements of the 82nd Airborne Division came in last night and dropped near Paestum. They are now in the line reinforcing the 36th Division. One battalion of the 82nd Airborne will be dropped on Avellino ,) tonight. This city being east of Naples and north of our own lines, is an ;_5•1l" isolated spot for our troops, and the mission ofdis:upting enemy commu..7-ica- 9 v-,tions and transport is a highly dangerous one. J Qp,.. .,,, 9-JJI" <t>""• vLtv"'<,- '1 h '.,.J. ~ ~ c, o Important messages of the day follow: lo-R Jrs,,¥ . 11 ~:.rol""O p--" "O'.,.. / ~ +r ~1' 'I, vv#x, 9P~_& Personal for General Clark from General Alexander. "Avellino mission will be executed between 2100 and 2400 hours 14. Will follow same general ~ .... ~ · route as last night ' s operation. Preparations also under way to send ad- 14-e,,t'r"' ditional airborne troops to you tcnight under same conditions as lRst night. Will use all aircraft remaining after Avellino operation is launched. Aircraft will be airborne 2200 hours and unless we hear from you to the conf~ trary they will go. Notify me urgently confirming dispatch there additional--()_~~ airborne troops or requestion of same. Notify all concerned of airborne ~~ 66(' operation tonight. n p- V ~::=,11.,,. M- ~;y r.- - ""~.r. ~ c, . V From Clark to Alexander, Dawley & Hewitt. 11 Parachute drop on Avellino~~ will be executed between 2100 and 2400 hours 14. Parachute drop on beaches o/J\ in rear VI Corps area will be executed between 2200 and 2400 hours 14. In-~ .. ,( structions pertinent last night 13th will be in force tonight. n / Sitrep to TAC Hq. 15th Army Group. 11 Front areas north and scuth of rf ,<:_/y~ Sele visited this morning. Situation on 45th Division front north of Sele if_, r River favorable at present time, although it wa s necessary for 45th to w·th- v ~ draw right flank tc conform to line east of river. 45th and 56th Divisions are coordinating fronts. 56th Division has arraneed for counterattack to v,:: southeast to assist 45th Division should that become necessary. The 36th ./i~ Division front yesterday was penetrated in two places. Corps Comma.no er y-..r c'..e/ ordered withdrawal but not all of division was able to withdraw, and its '\' locations are still u...nknovm. Altavilla and Albanella were lost by f6th Division. 56th Division line now follows lacosa River running south from Galore Fiver. This line held by one battalion engineers, two battalions airborne, one tank destroyer battalion and one battalion 36th. This position is vulnerable but all efforts are being made to correct thP-t condition. 180th RCT unloading personnel and vehicles late this afternoon anc1 will be placed in army reserve south of Sele ~iver. Am urgently looking forward to arrival of additional 82nd Airborne Division troops. Favorable opportunity j will be sought to counterattack. 10th Corps situation unchanged. General Mccreery feels that he is overextended and will have difficulty in resistinc a strong attack. Flements of 7th Armored Division started unloading this r-• / ')I �afternoon. Enemy tank action sporadic over entire front. 179th PCT put 15 out of action this morning. Expect that enemy wilJ renew his attack again tonight with favorable moon and under conctitions where he will be able to avoid effects of our splendid air suprort. "8xcellent naval gunfire support. 11 General Clark received the following letter from the Commander-inChief today: 11 We know you are having a sticky time but you may be sure that everybody is working at full speed to provide the reinforcements you need. General Alexander will tell you of the measures already in he.nd and give you an idea as to when adclitional troops can be expected. "In the meantime, don 1t forget that we have an Air Force that is more than an.xious to do its full part in your support. I hope that your bomb line will be drawn as accurately as possible along your front so that our Air Force can continue to disrupt the forces tryine; to concentrate against you. J 11 You and your people have done a magnificent job. We are all proud of you and since the success of the whole operation depenrls upon you and your forces, you need have no fear that anything will be neglected in providing you all possible assistance. "Best of luck to you and Al and to everybody with you. Mccreery tell him I send him my very warmest regards. 11 When you see ~,-;<·viI. 0 y >"t' p~t ~ P"o-~ . . ~ 1°~ ~ ~ ., .~ * * ".f'~} j:) VICINITY OF PAESTUivI--SEPTEMBER 15, l9L1~-General Alexander, Air Marshal Coningham and Lord Reynold arrived at the Headquarters at 0600 this morning, having come over from Bizerte by destroyer. They breakfasted at this Heaclquarters and then, escorted by General Clark, went down to VI Corps Headquarters, where General Dawley went over the situation of VI Corps troops with the Commander of the 15th Army Group. The pert.Jr then went or to the 50th Division. General Walker was not there, having gone forwa:rcl on observation. Immediately upon leaving the 36th Division, the party drove to >=?.ed Beach #2 an0 boarded General Clark's PT boat. They were taken to Suear Amber beach in close proximity to the 56th Dj_vision Headquarters. On the beach General Alexano.er and General Clark were met by General Mccreery, and the party went immediately to General Graham's Bea0quarters. Thereafter, in turn, the party visited the 20 st Guards Brigade, cmmnarrled by Bri/!aoier Gascoigne, the 169th Brigade, co:rmnandec< by Brigadier Lyens, the 46th f•ivision Headquarters, where the party was met by Major General Hav,kesvrorth. The latter headquarters being just a short distance southeast of Salerno, the group droveon to within 4- 1/2 kilometers south of the town. Stopping and getting out at a beach, General .Alexander and General Clark looked eastward over the rugged territory in which Hawkesworth 1 s 46th Division sol~iers are now fighting. ~ J'. ...l... ~ v.--.. f e---fi- r Jr,,1 ~~ .Y .1)._,J_ ~ ,v--- ' ~ &--VV / ~ I ___.._:--o:-...__::_ ~ ~-- - ~ ~ 6:?-~~t!._~ ~ -kl t . ~ - ~ e;_'t ~ 1,.....,._"ct_ ~ " S' . , U.,... j_ .fl-- -(. (l"',\ t,~ It .J:c4~ ~ ~M - I , .L:,,,.,._J ,,.:t- - ~ ,--.., {..,v �Jl RPturriing by PT boat to Fifth Prrriy T-l"eadquartArs, Gen8ra 7 AJ ex ndu· arii' G-eneral Clark coy,fer.,..ecl for eb ut half an hou,,,, aftPr wh:: ch th,, CcmrrA.nrnr of 15th _Army Grou~), a.ccoropani"'d b:" General Clark, drov<'"' c'own to thP b0ac'1 ar.-J embarked upon hi 1Pst-royer for the trip back to BizA.,..te. Tmportant r."ssafE>S of the day Pre as follows: A letter from General Ti:ontgomery to .G,=ireral Clark, broueht by the former I s aide to this Beaf.qua rte rs is quot Pd i ri full as follows: serd ey A.n.c. to se, :ou aga":n, to p:ive you wy situetion anC to bring me back ar accurate picture of ~rour situation. 11 ..,. :::t looks as if ~rou may bBhaving not too ~oor1 a timA, ard 1 do hopP that all wil2. go well with ~rou. 11 2. rr.y OV\'l sitwtion is +: nt 1 will have one Division (the 5th) deployed on the line SAPFT - :::CA('NTF,QP() on 2.7 SeptPmber. Another Division (the Cana.diar) w::.11 be echellone :: behi:::.d. it in the area CASTROVII LAP. T - SP><;ZZANO on 17 September. Both of these Divis ions bave alrea~';r push"rl fcrwarc' strong reconnaissance c:etachments, with tanks, to tari i!l aE?l; nst ... he Sout11E•.,..n f::aYJ.'· of thP- Ge:rm-'.ins facing you. 11 3. ..,. haYe given or· ers that letachments from 5th Division ar"' to op<';rate along the re&d runni'1g .w. from SAPJF to"mrrls AG~CPOTJ, on ~rou,,. r'p;l't flank. Tt wm..u.ii be a great thing if we ~ould gain touch with you 011. t"l'S roan axis; perhaps you coulr push out a .,..ecorn1P issa'1CP E lone .1._1, , ~n::i.' ruP • 1, from A(~ROP1TT to the S.~., to r-i:;At m:~ p<"oplP -who havi=: e.l...i:H' st·.:i.r- 4 "- +>ror,, SAPRI. 11 1 hope that b;· 17 SE>ptsmber ll"Jr a--•ninist.,,.ativ_ s.:.+,-1r tio. will a] low me to move the ~th Division forwa~~. 111 "If so , T r:ropose to direct it on /IUTF.TT.A, alon1, thA az·s IAGri ~G'"'O "The Ca!la"lian Divisiori will hP rl irectecl on P 0 TRr-rz_A. 'y leading Corps r the 10th Corps) will in fact bt9 d ir<"d -,r] or to the area P(lTF,'JZA - _AJI'."'TTA; the Gerimns ill not be abk to .i~ror1;; t:1· s th.,..0at. 11 117 Iow will this suit ~rou? . f. The full rlevelopm0nt of the operatlor1s out:irAt' i!l para. " wil 1 clepen l on my supply situat Lon. But tr1"l thr~1.t will b"gin tomo-r-row, lf September, aml will develop grarlually with inc .... easea pressurn. 11 6. I oulr' b8 g"'ateful if you will giv'? my t.n.r,. (iE'tails as to :01.1.r present situation. he.,rP. "''1.t 0ne of my IrtAlliNence Staff OVA, aJ.so; h= can niscuss matters with you..,. r? branch. 11 T "7. All good wishAS to you. Ve ar:-e or" thA way to lPnc' a 11.anrl, anr' . �it will be a great ,ay whf>L WP actually joi.r. hf·n..:1s O"'l para 3. 11 OU:' riner fli:i.nks, v·1 (.., • Personal for AJ.Axanr'ler f-rom Clark. n~ ittlP enmr~r act:'..vit~T to,lay. r·ur naval and artille~r fire h<>avy. VT r:o-rps consolirlatw efensiv,:, :,os i+ i o"'l. :6th Division personnel i.solatwl ··ri Jlltavilla t:i.,..Pa r:ontiriu,., to .tr· rkln bac r • ..U,tac ..~ will r:ie launc11.':ld ea.,..l~r mornine 16th t O -,•nr1ucP. sa 7 lent, bP'1"W"'E' l S· ] (' a.nc ralore r lvers. 180th :RCT now i.n A-rm~r .,..,..SP.,..VG. n 1 1 Gene-ra] Or 1 Pr'S f'7n , rr 3.'1:-LUE rtP"Y'S Fifth /\r~T' r1at,piJ. lS 8Ppt 'mb0r ] the assignT'"'r1t "f Major G- "'".,..o.l iatth0 w B. '=<idgway, Comma 11 inf; Ge!l "a] of the 82r-d Airborne Divi.s::.nri--, as ,=.put~r Corunan"e,,., VI Co1·ps, ir ac'c1.:..tlor + o 11 · s presPnt ass i.gnmPnt. ()A arP..f"ll".."1C"'S • ' 0 0 Personal to \l'IontgomE'ry f,..om Cl, rk. flThan'l( Jrou for your l"'tter r1°li. r<>,.. -1 by your aide t or1 ay. The plans you out, inec fit b.to rr,:- schP.ffiP ar-1 wq l ::i.ssist me material2.y. G~ve your 9.ir·e copJ· lette,.. I sent all ~ifth krmy ur·ts. Please accept rcy rleep appreciat i0n for assistarcA !'Our Fiehth A~rrcr 11as :;_)rovided Fifth Army by your sl;::lJ.ful and ,...apid ac'vanc11. T _look forwar' to thP approachi!li pa.rtrership Fifth an, 1<!izht h A.rm.:..es i:ri r rivir~ G-,-rrr.£:.11s ouf· Tta l~r. It will be plPaSlJ.T'e to ses, yol: a,sa~.n at an ear1y c'a-1- 0 • Sitwtion hPrf M'll \o in hanc 11 M 1 • Casualties as of 2"00 10th Corps , 4 , L138. vrcrnTY !lOUt'S to,la~r are: For VT Cc,..ps, 2 , :'>~ 7; a-nr: for) k Yi 1/ nF PfH'STlJY--SfclTTi'" ><'P 16, 104::"--'T'oday is lanrl ing of Fifth Army on the shores of Tta l~r that t11.e ConwandirC" G<>r:era 1 feds that thE' s i.tuat i or.. is cor,pletPly iri riann arirl that t11P,..."' is no dane-A,... of losing our brir'geheac Th"' rr i'.. i ... 8upport Gornianr'l has e-ivAn thP P"lPm:r ) a terrific past;,,_L- in t:be ;>a.st l18 hours, arrl i+:'1 support has h lre- ir-1P~8- J SUT'ab1!r iri stop['ine thP. st,..one count.er thrusts which tr10 rTPY'J'"ars \7">T"r.- roir·.,.,/ on the lfth. The 10th CorI)S anr VT Corps a.,..e malrire rr=-co r ·s "i_YlCP iY) .!'orrl'> to the north anr' Past, and therE> ·s PV.dPnCP l1at thP P-riPm~r ·s w'+h,"yawir<T 1:".l th08':l r]i_-.•ections. Thn Co""' 111 anc'liPo: Gnrf'ral hopES to CQT~/C>'I')~ thP C valC'f u:,on "a;..)les 0':1 thP 20th. It. Co~. B.T'b:T r-tri liis ~ar;""rs ~""·n+>orcr> w·+:r elerients f:rom the 82n<l Alrborne nivis"or, ton-P+hPr w_ith rE'iy+'orC'Pr"· +c; ,h.,..h are. alrear'~r there, , il 1 strike f'-r-om th" ~a] f'rno rf>,_. iof\. 'T''1P 1 th C0r. s wiJl riovP th.T'OU~h thP. passes onto the 1 'a.rl0 s PJ::i.··n. GAner--<i.~ \ 'lbur, w"th the 120th CT fro:"'! thP 4"'t11 Division, -: 71 ITa P a wirJ0 sf• ep arou.,,· t:r Fri r-~''S li=>ft a'1r' h Brl for BPnev nto. 1 • 0 r,PYJ.eral Pirgv ay, ir ad itto= to' 's '11ti3s as Cn17r12nrl~ 'C" r .. ..,e-al r,r ih, )) R2!"'<i Airborne Div::.s;or.., w :i mar'e TJeput, r ,1 .ardPr of v~ Cor)s +or'Ja~r. G0n""al )I Ta11g"' is r~li1wel and is sert r:iac-k :' C .e-~a1 ClaT''' to w·ro,...t to G"'ri,ra~ "F'isPnhow"'r. Tt is felt y General Wall·e,,., Co!:'--an'i1v; the "'f h T)'v·s 0 0, arr" r~s v·Aw is concu.,.rer1 i..r b~ Gereral (;lar , +hat G~neraJ Tar~f' r.as rot show' suffic·P.nt irte--rPst in thA affairs rif the :56t::i iv·s·o~ to -~a .... ,..'3.'1 h.!=: r0taini.!1f' hi::, pos;tio'l. wit'l -i-hat orzanization, of whi.ch he was +hP Ass·etan+ 0 0 Com.TT\c' nrle.,... ~J" v �33 Albanella was occupied this afte-rnoon by the 50Llth ParachutA Tnfantry Regiment which continued on to attack Altavilla at 1600 hours. General Clark dispatcher'! letters today to Commandirc: Gr-merals of VT Corps, 10th Corps and the CoJ11maYJ.ding ')fficer of Fifth Arm:' Special T,..oops as follows: 11 As ;:,rom~ llrmy Comrr:anf.er, T want to cone;ratulate eve··y officPr and enlisted man of the Fifth Army on thA acc·-T"pl i shmPnt of their mj ssion of Ja,nriine on. the westel'.'n coast of Ttaly. A.11 the more splenr"id is yolr>· 8d1"e,rp_ ment wheD ;t is realized that it wes c'lccompl:..shed ap:a"in.st il.PtPrrl')ir>P•" GP~ma:r resistance at the beaches. Every f O"'t of our ar'lvP..ncP. has bP<cn coy,t esj;E ~ • 11 We have arriver! at our initial obj,,ctive; OlF' bea.chhParl is secure.. Ado itional troops a.re landing ever:'.r day, and. we ari:; herP to stay. Not one. foot of ground will bP ziven up. 11 GP11eral r~ontgomery 1 s het.tle-provr--"l Bightl-1 B~iti.esl-i ll_r!J_i;;r, cu.,.. partner in the task of clearine the r,.P..,..ml:ln forces out of Ttaly·, is aclvanc"iP,':': rap·,:_ l:r from the south and in a matte,.. of hours its presenC'e wi 11 be felt by thA enemy. Sirle b;r sine vrith this F~ shth Lrmy, thP Fifth Army wi 11 ac1 varcP. t n occup;r rTaples, Pome and othe,... cit;_l'.:s to the 11.orth and to frAe ~tal3- f-~om Germa~ 0omination. 11 T am highly gratifiec by thA eff~ ciArit rna'1ner Ln which thP U. s. VT Corps anc. the British 10th Corps have worked sic1P by ~ide in mutu;:iJ sup:po-~t, each being proud to SArve h;r the sirJe of thA other. ThAir pe.,..fr-.rmarce h.as justifii:,<'l the confirlence placed in them b~r thP people of the Un,tsd. rations. They know that we shall ilri.ve or. ,...eleritlPssly urt il our- j m is c' 0nP. IIT .-'lesire that the conterits of this 1Ptt,:,r bP comrnuT;_catPr" to all ranJ·s of your command." Tmportant :rn.essages c'li:=lp, tched and received torla:, follow: P"'rsonal to .Alexancier from Clark. 11 Situatioy, ;rast1y ·:ripr0verl. a11r' zPts better hourly. 'Parly this mor·Y;"l.£ saliPnt hetvveen SPlR anc} Ce 7 0,•p was rPc'uced and .Al',anella reoccupi<>ri. There arP some inrli.cations that th_e e1...,rm:~ may be withdrawirz +.o the ea st a.nd :northeast from ,:;:boli. S+ro11r r"'corra" ssance pa.r+,ies haVA beAn orgenized to determine att:'tude of enem~r. 11 Fielc'l Order ,1'2 refers ir• +he ma in part to General 1f'ilbur I s force to hP marie up of the 180th :'.=l('T reir,forcPri. Personal to Alezanfer frorn C'lRrk. 11 %rly toc1.ay e'1.emy marie strone; attack in Capezza"o area which penetrateri certain rHstancP. urompt col1J1tP" atteC' 1" by Co:rmnanrlo"' reeainen all 1:;round lost and took 10n to lfiO pri.s011.ers. nr .~6th Division frorit two attaclrs were made riu'l"..;:ne this mornine; ir 16"tr Br'.aa"'R SeC'to.,... Both .,...epuls,:,r1 • s~tuatio11 10th Cor9s front in hand. "'nemy shP1 7 irc: roa-'1 south of Bc1tt ~Pf'{;lia • 11 �,.,€-!'S YJ.al to AlPY.:' 'e.,.. from f'll r' for Cu.... YJ.·-ni:fri,m. llPlE'aS" l"0nvry +c \ .A rn'.ral CU"'l'1·:!'.'gh··rn iry r ce.p ~~. T'f>Cietior- f,;,.. ihi:- '1_;,le11 i_d -':l.nrl hl 1Ph Eirtf't! soop"rat.'._0:1:1 a..,- "'U .-o:rt ~iven h:r tli.e !:..lli.Ar" n vi<>s u,..~rr: 01.::"' 0per-a+·0r<1 ~ th·_s ·r122. 'T'h~·.,.. ~"'~rf} 311r.f,.,..e "llppor+ h s '1P"'rt TYJ/) t pffec iv0. T 1-'=1VP bee"l fl'lvorahl:• i!!lpressi:>rJ b~~ th"' Pf!3f>1"11E'""1 of r-11 r.rrv·l C'OT"'"!lanrl<>.,.."' +o ~(v~ +his supi)ort. The~• c".:!rtairl:r po·sess t'riP ':i.11 to f.'c:ht. fclrnir-al u,...,·~~t ) has ·one everything in h.:_s pry 0r to asst...+ u.s. l'{P USl'~ll~r frt_·,.i~·t"'3 Ol'-,.. • rPsr's arir' al·-Qys E-'"recntPs his sup::1ort mi·sions r>rol!'p+1~· •nc' ,,,ff'ic>~<>·tl:,. T :!ope thi.t llr"--·....13.2. ru.,n'."':::;11,m ·1i.ll },0ror us '1y [I vis ·t i'l. t~e Yl"'a.,.. futu.,..E • 11 0 0 Pe:-sonr 1 to Ale:xa11c!er f--or C'l!i,,. · to 'T'P lr"p.,... 11 0- tJ--:f ,.._f:,,.ct-:v~ a~21.lp)ort i"'1ich h s ')e"'r. JiV":m us :r th"' ,r-rli.t,,.,.,..rane-'i"' Ai,,. ro r · r.·1 pl< 'lS" c>c -r,_ ve:r to Lir C'h"ef ''lT'"'1R.' 'T'er<'E-r mv r1r,o:p a :;:'T'f>l"i"+ion. T +' 01 +r,•+ t'1.0 ncscs·star..ce ..:;iven us -:ir:: thP 14t.!:: '·jr eo r1 O :!'.' in h:sto~r ?"l 1- /"~E'S'"-=-" ' . rrr;,:-} 0 of effective C'T"pl.0y!'.:ent of n - ~ po· e"!" lr t,}'P c 7 os.-. ::up~ n,..t of ;;~o· '1_(1 -'--oo::is. : '.: shc.11 e :_-::ratefu::'... to A:- 'E.rshal 'T',.,rl,113r if' h"' .ill_ c:•~-r•es"' ~ r r,.,,., · ·-1- , - ,., to all COT"' ·11rers ro!'e -r<;'-.• - fT"' es;,ec~f" 7 ; ; .il.N:spr1 ,..~+t t½P .)"""re-,-,..- rr, ,f th<> >'TT!.~:_.,,. Sup.._'.)01"-l;, Cor"'"'..'1.rl. Gt.cnE'rFl ·-=01..1"'~ ar" t,i_[: st~f: trv ,...·vnn ueo th<: fin<:::t t::rpp o:"' ('0():!)AT'.fion i_mrli;r J110"t ,liffir.ult ('Q"'J•:+·o..,q_ -!le ~·nficien+ fu.nct..:.,m:.ne; of te~r:: :plr~• of the Pi,,., t:nv;:• an' n:r~r as p~q~-1-·c-r t"US fe..r i:i th:s 0p€i·atior, T rm convincer' that n(' erT'\:• i:!1 th<> 'Q'Y'lrl C"r 1102.,· ol.'t ege.i11st au.,,. COTTlbi!!Pr' fo 1•ce8. .: ho::_Je th0 t f;±_-,. ChiPf T~qrchrl T"'0f1E''Y' i_ -I-}, v,_ ~' n;:,e r futU!'e i l.l honor u ~ 7ith £. vie: i. t. 11 I I ··v, ju:=:t r_ce.:'._ver". ricep. 11 ·- rt ,.,... For !'.lF•Xc.'nr'er from r.1 r:. 11 Delightl;)':' to l"-'£.r-n of r-Pn,=·:r1=1' -_-S"' ho• rd q visit ~'"'~01'.'!'0Y:. PlP~SF:> r!''"'_'.:e tr !::'VP ti cru:SPr' co:11tr~ct A.cm.:_rf l Hi:-- itt 1 f shi~ thn ~~1con , as soor.. as :'lP. reachi:_:,s r.;al<>rr-o ~c·,:r. ":r "'epr~S"'1'1tFt ·vr ), 1:>c c.1:Joe.r, A.neon st~rtLr.'.:; ·t 12nr:: h.01.'.!'~ 17t'1 ~11r' vri 7 1 gul/e '<'isf"lf'ff"'"' ,art: to my f ar'qt1:1rters ·ith a!'rFn[:".:!Il"ents s i:mil·.,, to t'1osiP for ycu.,.. l'l."' '·v• 1 • T'1~ ,-, TCr' 's car~ri.."'.[; c·l'.'b0rne trC01)"l arrj_,ro? ::..· tp 1~c+ YJ.i.:ri+. rl"\>1tant ,,as Ir"H' h:, r12co..,nelssa 1ce elem"nts v-r_ C'or:ps a>1r' "'i:ht'l-i ;.!'my · ·I- " -..~a-1. '"', four m· lPS south of "'orch'B."a, t 140() h0tl."r'9 todiy. Two fi t'l'l."liUt"' 1--attRl"ons ,,,,.. r-Ctac>~-::ne- Altr-..vill· t0r?i,'.';!!t. "'o 'letf ils Fve :lrhlA :r0t. 11 r 1 0 11 C'ei:.eral l!lexanriei:- r1eliVPT'Pr'l to f-'A :·01.1..,.. lP+ter of l" se,+er,:1),..,,., • rr' .::_t .: · r~e to herar frol"' ~rou. T+ p:r,aqec' ,_.,_q .'.;T'l?<>tJ:r O ~:rr- t'}~ i :rep np:::t +rat Tie h&d c'nne our job "'ell. Tt r,as rice to 1cVA Alpvr '1.0P,,. CCI:" Ul) }:,r Y'';;) -ro-~ lP cm~n set? fi,..st hcYJ.r' yrh•t t:-:."" sitwticn "'l'iS. OU mu.Ft' ')__,,.,,.nir-'-r thrt ~l" 8F''1'in::; re90,..ts cl: t0 hl":.; T ,:i.;0 cl"+ ,·~nt tr P ov0r opt·I"'·s ·c: fir tn" p ss·m·s+·0. Tt :s 1 rrl to pair.ta true p·_ctur? of C 1 s:tUA.t ·o".l 1 irei r.1 s :v F '1 (' 11n r ,., [ C rA.pinl:- c:.s t'1i.s one has. Wr!." 11 0ur !'arlio ):i~s in.t0rc"pt'3'1 t-o ne S 1 )ro·r1(>r~ts on 0117' siti1 i:'0r h r , , '-ioth ext:~ceme2.~r p1=>s::•d!'listic in +,one. .Att· chHl i<' · l"O. :r of a 1,,ttPr- ~ s d tr E 11 cori=['.-,(.PT'S anri 'hich is ½0in~ ~iSSF"T" .. :!'.H,ter" to rl1 +rr0rs trr·~:·• ~Jf ",-,,.,.. c+ stiff !'er,istr:nce at the P[' C'hPS enr3 }i• rl ["()rfT.8t'}]_3r hP1.vy less< s. 'I'hn v- r0"ps �~ :r t-tf '1 t'i1-U; ~ /1trf.i hut thP 10th r:orp'1 mPt ;::;trm1 z OP. osit io• at 'Rattip1. 6 lia arA VR"" urwbl<> t ,,-v-ri~e. Tris lPft tli.e -Pla-rik of' thP VI r,~,·r,s so!'le ·1hat in the ::i.ir and b fo.,.e it ccuF e withd,,..f 1 it w, ·"' S!I'l cker' f"'oro tl19 rl•,,..ect;on of Fboli. Th:i.s calJ9d fo•· th<=> VT Corp~ left f 1 ,rc to b ,-;'+hdra n to co:iforr:. to the rlgh+, of the 10th. Subsec.uP.1t1y, es :rou k110,, i.ir~ 1t,ci1:1-J.i· of thP Gerr:v:m cour,ter--att~ck 11.it the :",Gth D·visiori, cutt ·.rc, c-Pf som"' of th..,ir eli:,mer:.ts, arri. forced us to vrithdra t,o the l:n" of thA r,., Pf'sa. r arr, i!c good sh&~e now. l.''p Eire hPre to stay. Tr fact, this mornir,,; v 0 hav"' restorer! t'hn sal ,ont 08+..\ e~n the 8Ple iver ·i.nr' the Colo.,. 0 • i e havP 1"<--tal "''" .!12.banell, , ~nd i:: :r~ve ~u"t r'J.irecteian attack to restore Altavilla. J.ia,re , ilrPwise db·ect'"'r'J. strone recom1r if'R nee :n forCP b:r th9 6fith T)ivic,cr ::.r t11P r irection of 1:bol~_ a"l.t4 told th"' ,r.,. Corps + 0 ~,_ liJcevise to·i'larr's Battip2rr1·a fror: the north "'est. Am rein-Pore.ire Da,.1::" s $')"-rer o rP.r,ion fore" wi.t 11 ;:i, "battalion of Natt I s p1..,..atroope•"'S. TJ11rl;:• l4s , ori=> h.:." wue l .";-PTJ.r j 00 , ':l.nr r recormrenrl thi:it he be pr">r:iot, r, t~. thA rra"'= of 0 n2.nrP.J • no not know J-- f'V' J' he has bPen a LiAutPrant C'olo11Pl but f'eel +hat h" t.1.s ,,one a S'1PP"~ O" .~cl, here and h: s severa: thou:...".nri f'P.Yl ,, cl,:,r his co:rF'<:trrl ard ·houlr, bE' ;-:·vet, +ris arJvrrir>ed to thP i'l" heach''lPa" li. c .1 0 increasei pro~otion. 11 Have fourl"l. it 11ecessary to reliP.v0 otto 1'1P£'~. Pc ri,·s not r,p,..fo,.rn,,.:i satisfector.r vrnrk. T em s"'ni~re q_ f>Elpe- to you ' ith r. clE&r-n1t ~r COT"'.,.. __,-'ation from me thRt I r'Jo not wa:>1t hi!:! .1.:r.. th€' Fifth Ar'T!:', that hP }13 s not measured. up an" that , accorr'J.ine1y , hP shoulc, bP rflc'IUr."'/ to hir r,e"ma"l. "1.-~ ,"a·'e. ThB.t shoulr'J. r'r kP your tF sk easie!'. 1 0 "I spol'e to AlPxanrler about na l"\T• Pe shoulci not be ~,ntinu"'-.:i , .. ·"!·s pres"?rt j o"h. l.fe aype~"S to ;;0 to p"Pc<=>s iri t1'1P. ,:,r,c,.,..genr_·E"'"· I ~il1 eive you full rleh ;ls , hen ;rou CC'Ji!", [lrrl rler-as0 'kro 1 we oulc" love to SH' you as soon as you can core l:!Ylrl for ·s loYJ.g "'S :rou C''=tr' :::ti=,y. 11 r1y ,.el "t ions wit}, }~c-C:re""ry p-e excPllP~ t, · 1~d wHh qJ l otr r Brit· sl'E>rs. 1 hc::v'3 told everyone of t11'3I" th t \"hPt' c- r,d.:..i.:.: ,,, ich is the-i,.. businPSS seems to b9 goi.ng wrong, t!ley mu t lty the cn.,..,,s or th"' table, trl ~ hcivP mac.e it plain to t11em th t thFLt is exactly v hat T int,mrl to ,.,0. "With the arrivPl of tNo c~,mbat tea"ls of Truscott 1 s ~.:_"I ~ pre:-,areri to at+ark on FEi ....'les. r:, pl,..r ::.-; WO" "E>c out 11:nc' , · 11 to you in secret code. fn,• ,.:lqJro :, l)p ~ O"'mu- T :J.r' · cat 0c' "Thie: h: s been A. great opportunit:r rnc'l privil0_se; :o:::,r I ap:, f C'i'"'ti:. :·nur letti!lg me ,..ir_r; ~~r Fifth -"~n:.· i!1tc act~.01. PTe ha\TP l"].[~e mlfta1ce9, a~1c V!~ .. have lea"n"ld the l1ar,' v · ;' , but vve , i 11 imI>"''OYE' PVE'X:r c F~' , r• l'!Tll su~"' , i ~ 7 !lot c1 i"'appoint you. 1 11 I hav, j 1.1"'t t.A1i f ccrn11ula te-.::1 th<o f i·• st rE.J.9ort or. c-~sm 1t; r--s. 1 as follows: f _1 Killer! l, 9lf '''ounrleri v~ CORPS 225 Yi.llP-r-1 ThP~T fl re �11 ssterrlay we :-epellecl !!l:.nor cou."'t"'"- th,...us+s, icnrl with ot,,... terk ,,,stroYP,,...S accoUPtE>d fc,.. an exc'3SS of 15 tanks on the v· C'orps front r-i.l 0r". 11 v::c~PITY ·JF PA.Ti:STUI't--S?PTFTB"H? 17, 1943-.Htavilla is still holclir['.' out aga i.nst u~, &lthough frag:1enta~~~r n . port:? ir..d.ic,..+e tt·it our t.,.OO:!)S m~1:T bP iri the towr. GenPra::. Cl1..1.rk sp"'nt the morning and thP first ~::i..,.t of +.he aftr->rroor i"'l a ser;_es of conferencec with meI!' ers of his r.t~ff. P.t 1~00 hours Genrsrr 1 F:.senho;}er, accorrp· riec' b~· 1: is a i •le, rlf'i2C'.,.. .,. c,.., arrived at this Hearlqua,..ters. Fe confer.,..e - alone with thA r:or-£ ,y' 7 er GPr, ra 7 ' F.l.fth Army for t"bout 45 !!l-:nutes anc thPr, ~scortnrl b:r Gnn"',al rJe. 1 , v·s·tf"C Headquarters VT Corps and l{ea:1.quarter!': ::'fth Divis.; on. Th0. C-.:.:1-C' , ~"' uri::- 1J to visit ti-,, 45th T)ivlsion bec11.uce of hPt.v.: st.ell fi.,..,.. Rlong the "l-i',, 11wa:· .,-~+1,, of here. r~ '8ra: li'is"'nhower was back at th.E> "beach ::i.+, 18'ZI") '10U"'S anr1 r",-,~>art r b~r sea fo:r his Hea,1qua..,.ters. 'n 'rhe British 7th ArmorF>d ,..,i.v.isfo"l of' t4e l0t'h r0~;is is· aho11t ,,,,lf asbor. • Arl.vance elements of the 3rd America:::. ivisio1. 3..,..."= alre'lc::r ci.shcr , <irr' +r.,,. r · v l c;, or its elf ,ill coMme'1.c-e 1m7 oac" ir..:: + omorro,'. Perso"lal for Al,::-xan F:lr f ... or r1ar ·• 11 Sitmt ion i"l 10th Corps q_uiet Jast night. Positions in Bat,tipRglia a,...FT still stron[';ly hP-lrl: Fo Pviclr!:!c~ of with,.:;rawlil or fi6th nivision front. F,..a.p;rnentary ... ep0rts inr, icr-te that, Altavilla was reoccupiflcl at osrn this morni.ne by ,::-..cJ BattaJ · 011fiOtth PA-,..acr11tP J,., _ fantry. 11 Personal for Alexander fron r.1c ,...k. nr, 09LlF thi.,, morning indicates that, p0ss"'ss-io11 tested. 'Results still ir. clo1.1bt. 11 ::-iri,..+ frorr Altavilla secto.,. t.:.m, , rif' r,hject'Vf' ;s e-:.n~ "1-iot:y co'1.- Perso:ri'il for T'o".lte;orery fro~ r1, rk. um..,an s for :•01ir mpss2-:e. , too, arn rlelizhted that our arI'lies are '. contar-t i.tl-t each other. 8ttuatio'1 ~200 hours 17th Septem er: Two miDor enAm:r thrusts ,... l"lth Corps front ~rAste .... iiay were repulsecl with loss to eneB:r. C:uiPt n·ght. VT co..-yis attackE>, PltavHla afternoon 16th Septer:ber c..nd ha,-< troops in villagA this rnorninp. '"w=,my now countE'ratt"C'"" ~- Pe!'\ainde,... r,f VT Corps front is r;_u;et anc1 re-o,...gani:z11tion continu'3s. CJ c:iier i:>>iPM;r ma:i have reeroupect '1fr forcE>s. Th'ririn:: our opposite VT Co,...ps but is still holding k"'3r poirts firml:·. 11 F.,..om Fieerl--ov1er to AFµ(. "Tsrue c.,..,.:il",...S rli"'ed'"~ :1::j0.,. r 'le"'al John -,ucas with personal staff 0°11y re;-ort tn r,·""'Tllandiri: G .,.,'=!ral, Piftr Ar-rri:r, AvalanchP area by fast,,,st mnans practicabl". This is a !)PT'JJ1.arent trc>nsf P..... Place F~a;;or C.Pnera 1. Geoffr-=,Jr ·e:''3S ln co:rnmard of the Corps • 11 T)• T~ - For Clc..rk from Monti::o"ler;r. _ighted to },ave '1011E' so. 1\ f p·_ I Vv· �31 'T'o F.:ftt t'-r!.:'.~r enc 1<'ir;hth Arp._~r fro!:" _T~C' "I-Tei., l!'ith .Army Group. n~ am sencing you the follow~ ng ,Urective for :rom· guir';::,.nce anr' action wri"'r you are rea0:r to resume th"" offensive. Closest toucl~ 1::111rl cooperation must t·e mt:tually arranged bet:1reen beth arrr.i.i=-s. First, r~ :'t:1 llr:my will SPcu.re the h:.gh grou.ni1 r..ortb. cf r.rraiori !' S02£1 on vrhieh th v -;:._1 pivot to gain the ge~.eral line Teora O E51 Hontemarano '' 8Li f8 Avellino !I r- 7S7 1:rocera "J 54 7 8 Cs.stellamma:i:-e Y 413:=. Seconrl, Ei.ghth Arm~: will secure the Potenza 0 S228 area. Point of ju.':.ction betwee:r ar·rr::..f'ls will be a+ ~oarl jt'l!'.ctiori f' ou (. Third, bou:!!lclar;r betweer armies. Trclt,_sive Ri.shth Arr;· Auletta C' 2rJ1e thence all inclusive Fifth Arm:r Buccb.o (: lf26 rorr' junction O 00Li'.:'' route '.:·l to !'oa,~ ju.."lction O 116€ road Vallata '.) 0~71 rrott·°FinPr,'a 11r gc:i7r:: thr.>rce Benevento P 6581. It r.iay be necessar;" for armiAS to sriare roe.( 1 Polla C' 261:: Luletta r·0c.d ju.:"".ction O 1FS210. Fourth, a pcuse will be :-,_c,csss::,~y whAr1 the general line above h~ s been reached :;_1, or,..1 er to concer-tratr.>, b"'inz up suprl::.es 1:u,d bullrl. up sufficient strength i:'_ ths Taranto a!·ea before securir:.;::; the next objective which v:ill be Foggia, Naples. Acknowledge • 11 0 :· * * VIC""'·'ITY OF PA-'STU]H-SVPTFTBRri 18 , 194-:'::-Ths "'rr: Division is co:'.':Lrr; 5r: tc,:.a:' ) and is cro¥'ding the ror~Jls. This v.'as Ge-nPral r"'lark 1 s diYisior:i for l!!~'?'~r :rears, and he is happy to see it arrive. The 'ivision hac1 en outsh>.rr"~n:; record U."lr1er CenAral rrruscott 1 s lea0ers'1:'...:;:-J :_r_ the Sic i.liar ce.n-paigr1 arr' mer!' ir.formed officers consic1 er ::'..t the fiLest _[IJnPric&r rl_i,ris~o:0 ir: this s,r ::i.r:other theater. 0 General Clarlr is pt,i_shi::~g ::'o:rv.a::_y1_ stror_g reco:::.naissa11cP eli::r rts ori 'both the VI ancl 10t!1 Corps fronts. The main attacJ, of the Fifth ArmJ' w-'..11 '>P ma "0 to the r-orth anc east b;r the 10th Corps anc~ ry the '::rd anc~ t. Sth Div.i.s" ons of the VI Corps . The cfth niv::..s-i or.. a:.;.r! most of tl:.e elemer,ts of the B2rc" Airborne Division will be held in arl"l;r :reserve. This D.orr.ing General ('lark mac~e. an ::.::-aspect i.c:r_ trip northna".'r' froE L:l.s Ileadq_t1.arters. Seeing Ger_eral !rricldleton alorig the roar1, he stopp"='"' av,,' the two officers conferred for some t-i~e lool:ing at their. maps. r.Pneral Clcirlr then went to General nrnR,niel 1 s Comff:anrl Post ar:i.d talb=d. there vrith hir.: anr" with G<>neral 'T::..lbur, taH::ir:g ir~ the ma· n part about r.0Y1Pral v11 ilbur I s plannec' sweep to the east an<' north iL the direction of Benevento. In the afternoon GereraJ r1art went hy PT boat to th"' 10th Corps arPa where he called en GenPral ~~cCreer;r at h:'_c co:rmnar:.r1 post in the vicir:::.t~, of Ponte Cagnar-.o. The Ger!:'ans have executeo. a v:--ltb.r1raval today from Battipaclia anrl also ) from Altavilla. Both of these i:rrr;)crta.nt tov,ns are r.ow ir. . our harr: s. 1 Important rr.essages received and dis:pl'ltched today are as follows: Perso2:al for .tle:x' nder from Clr-rk. 11 'Rece:..ved your directive for resumption of offensive. :rt fits in ver;;r ~,ell with plans T have alrear:, mac·P. Parachute battalion sent forward last r_ight to Teinforce Alta~r-illa a+taclr now on hill ~ust south of object:'...ve. :i: am goi!:.g forwaro t0 recor..r_o_:_tc:r �this morning v,ith a view of r'etermir_::r:.:::, fea ibility of ta~:ir,:; Dersaro latr., tode"y and also clear::.ng Ul) Alt.a'":::.lJ.a situation torla:•. T 11opP to b a l,,, to attack towarc. Battipaglia T'boli eveni:r.g 19th or 20th. ,,Jow u:nloadin:oelements of fro Division." 0 Perso1,.al for 1'.leYanaer fron c/s, Fifth Arr;;,. HJl_tavilla still ir om~ hanc's. -i:i:J.ements of 4Sth Division now marchir..g on Persano. Indications are that it is held verJ• lightl:r., Army Co!Ill"2nr"1?r r'eparte"' 1500 for- 10th Corps CP for cnnferer.ce with Ge11eral McCrPery conce,,.nir,g Pttack to be laUY:.chec' against Battip~glia 1':boli area. Just b0fore he left hP r-0ce 1 v0H word that the 10th Corps has ta:!{er th':) tobacco factory ar0 thf'f Rattipagl.:la a9:pt?ars to be helc lightl;r. The roru::1 frc:m Vi0tri. to iTocAra is still clefr->r1r1 ed by the ene!llJ". 46th Divis~ o:i2 made slight adva.nce alcmi Salerno ~ffe-rcole road this afternoon. We areoperating strong reconnaissance parties alonG entire front. n Personal to Alexanrer froi::: c/s, Fifth f>.rm:r. 11 11.t lW)O hours this e1rening Altavilla was firml:r ir- our possession but it vms still beine; sul---jecter'i to artiller>3· fire from mrnt of the C'alore Fiver. 0 Asistance elsewhere on the rest of the TJT Corps f1~ont a.no on the 56th Divis~ on frorit appears to be negligible. I have ordered the VI Corps ·to ac1vance to the northeast ir_ the morning to secure the high grou21d northeast of Patt ipaglia and th~ rmir' Eboli-Pontesele. I have also made plans to follo up vigorously an:; att.Pmpt b;r the enem;· to withdra"\"1 to t!:.e no:rth." Personal for li~ontgome~- from C'larlr:. 11 Sitrep 2000 hours. J(lth Corps. Some grotmd was gained north anc1 northeast of Sal ,:,rno. Erew:r st .ill holr ; n:: strorcgly the Vietri and SalPrno roecls, Battipaglia now ir: om· bnrls a,,,l patrols moving north and east from there heve fou...-rirl enem;y withdraw, ng. VI Corps. Persano fuu.Y1d unoccupied. Altavilla nm f lrmly hel3 "but up t ..i.J l 1800 hours ene:rrcr still located between Altavj lla anc'l Serre. Plan to ac'verc"' toEorrow to secure high .;-round in Battipi:;_glia--P-boli area. VT Corps has he"'-' directed to make contact tomcrrow vrith your pntrols on the vboli-Auletta roac:. 11 Word w1:.s received toclay that General Beucler, who co1:1r1anclerl the FrPr,ch Military Subdivis; on of Oujd.a v.h.ile the Peado,uarters of Fifth A-rrri:y was stationec1 in that city, has ju.st been appo::.ntec as Chief of thA Frer,ch .Arm;,r :::.iaisor.:. Missi.on assig:riPd to Fifth l~rrr:.--:,. This is an a);,oiDtment thflt n.,-,,..,Pral Clark has long wished to hR-ve r.iade. �VTCTrTTY C'F PA STill'f--SH'PTF.MFl"~ l<'', 1 C) f --G-"" reports that rl.urir:f the nio-ht C'f +;:- 18-Y• no activity was reporterl on tbe ]0th Corps front. Cri the C'crps front, the ~5th Division harl. advancen anrl. taken PA . . . sano hithout opposition. Patrols were sent on to Sboli but haC:: yet reported no concretE.. .:..nformation. This nornir..i General Ckrk, Captc:.in B:rl" ~, T ieuterf.r t Thrasher arr1 E'P""geant Folr:er_ -:.rove to att.:..p~ gli&. '!'he ::?aE'stm,1-'RBttipaglia roi ' _; s now aper f0r 0ur use, is ::n fair ccniit..'..on aprl ..:.s nd under fire. Bat-::.ipa,.) ia is in c or:1plete ruir.s. .After · ns ec+ :..r,e +!le El .,..ea, Gere.,,..al C'l r anc ~rt:T retU!'ns · to tre Fifth h.'m:,r C'P for ::..urch. I:r.1r.c:1iateJ:r afte2.· l1:nc~., r8nP.ra r.1r"'lr, C'cloc1"'J Rrapn, It. Col. "Rr::.ttr>r, It. Col. Clark; rewspa9er!!'... "' ~<'hu2.I!!ED ari-'l p. <' 1r~ , , "Pptai.!'l Ry]es, :i.PUtenflnt Thrashe::- a"'rl Sergeant Folrlen boartie l a PT boat ;+ "'-d BPac:•. '.'' anci spP<'1 to 1:a..:..or2. to visit It. C'ol. nc.rby 1s CP. C'•ene::'al Pee~ ery rret G..,,, eral Clark at the beach, and, after greeting each othe:·, thr~r v,ent irnmc :'t l;r to (;clorPl flarby I s CP where General. Cll'lr - 1:::x-plair..ec'1 propose'i operations to Cn"reral I.:cCreery, anrJ. Colonel Darb;• point<;r'l out his s.'...tuation. Ger. ri:al r~ccrf 0.,..:, then departed to continue on his duties. 0 Colonel Darby gu:'..ced G8r..eral Clark and party, by je"',, to ar ar'vercPr observat.:'..on post severe l I!!iles ir..lepn. GPriPra.1 ClPrlr an,' r01cn<=>J. T'arry PXposec1 themselves to poss lb le enerrcr fire to sturl:,r the ➔ ,,;r r ai.: anr errm_;r r ; 2positions, while the reITa ~r:rl?r of thE: pc>.,,.ty .,..eroa ire 1 tl!:.r'le- cove~. Fo~ s v ral m:'..les inlanri. the terralr.. held by Colonel ne.rb:r's corr:a.r/ .:s urur;1..~1=lj mountainous ard ruggec', offerir:.g e-v-ce]lent c'ie>fensive DOR.'...tloris. l-:::i.r pr+ this area been ta.ken by surpr ..:_r'-, this grounri. coulri. 1:..,," "'-:::• n E &.s · :~T r r ed b;:,r the Germans. General Cl'"'\. ~eci,1 e to rPipforc~ C0lorPJ nar'f):r. 0 General Clar-k ar:d party returll"'C' to rived back at F.'...fth Arrry CP for di~ner. f'.a iori} boa"'ciec':. tl-ie "JIJ:' boat arr' ar- 1 Field r)rder ~L1. ·was publ:;,,.sh0c at 1500 hours toc'ay anr' pro,~ects th,i foJlorrir:g ope~ations. The F2-[!ith Army opPratir:~ O!" the r.:.~ht of thP I ift1~ t1..-nm:r will SPCUr8 th<=> ,otenza area. Point of ~unctlor bet weer Arr. ..:..es will ½"' thr major road .:'..nte,,.sect..:.on t:i::.reG mil""S south9ast of Teora. The 'F'ifth Arr:r v::.:.11 hoF the :1igh gr01..1r..r> !2orth of Fiaiori on vr ich it Ull p.:vot to s~cu"c the l.1.ne T0ora - r'onternar-'lno - Avell:::..r,o - roce,,.a - CastPllamr cfft:" - p~F,parator;t to E:. further :..d'!aI"Ce on raples • r)I. A!'IT!J' ori'''rS t:1e v~ Co,..) UJ rr.o 3, with the .a Fth Infaritr~,r r::.vis ion 011 the right, vir ror ...J s wH h" n i to:, zone of action to seize the line Teora - t:oP.teea....ano - Av('llinc. Th~ vCorps is res:!:O!lsibl"" for the protectfon of the right flank of Fifth Arrrry and for ro.aintainin6 contact with Eighth Arro.y. The 10th (;orps will Sfcu-e the line Yocera - Castella:rmnare, mair..tair.. co!ltact 'f. ith V · Co,,.ps am{ b0l the Salerno bridgehea<" w.'...thin its z0ne of action. the 36th Infa~try r:vis · on, operating u.ric'er Fifth Arny, 1!ill secure the Sal.=,rno 'b.,..i<'gehear' w•:thin tr VI Corps area. the 82nd Airbor!le Division will assemble in k"m";,,' .... eserve. 1 0 :mportant messages receive6. and rH spatched. today wec"c as follows; General Clark dispatcheC::. the fol::..owing letter to rrer.e,.,e.l ''crtgori"'.,..~ which ::.s quoted in full: �11 r.oloneJ Mathewso:r: of no:· sta::f will "'"liver this 2.Ftter to ;rou. am sending him as my liaisor.. officer to you. I hopP, :he w; lJ bi:> of ass istance to ;rou and. will be able to answer ariy c~uest~_cns you :rr.ay nave wj th regards to the Fifth Arrrr:,r. 11 A::;a.in T want to tell you of our deep apirec~_ation for the s 1,.:..llfu] and. expecU.tious rr.anner b~r which you moved your l:'j'-'ht:h. b:~r to th0 :'."Crth. Although we were holding on to our beachh-::-acl it no doubt hc.s bad a profou.~d effect on the eneID'J. 11 0ur situation is quite favorablP today. t'lemerts of the VT Corps now occup;-,r the high grourci east of Battipaglia inclur ing F oli a!1c' PYtene'in~ to Ponte Sele. Reconnaissance is beine: push£ 1 ~10rth by both Corps. The 45th Divis.; on of the V~ Corps is assembling in thG H'boli a,.."'a cirir1 wi.11 soor initiate its aclvance vla the route Bboli-Contursi in the direction of Tr>ora. I have directed th t r'ivision to protect the J'ieht flank of the Fifth Army anc to ga ';_r._ and F..a.:.nt.ain contact with you,.. arrn~r. n, am lookir..g forward to the pleasure of meet.:.ng ~rou ar,2 in er, hor0 that very soon ~,rou can indicate to me a suitable point wh,,,,re ,ve ca:1 m8"'t. "Assu.,..ing you agair.. that we feel it a e;reat p:r-ivilegt=' to ope,..ate alongsir1 e of ;:rour ar~r, I a!!:.." Personal for Mor..tgomeYIJ from Cla.,..1'. 11 Sitrr.p 2000 hou.,..s. 10th C'orps. l"rieJI1.;r withdrawing pivoting on Sorriina ('170::'."). Detachme::.t s S"'C1.12'E::' n•o1.mr north of Battlpaglia as far as Olevano 872":.'. ~ r.orps patrols came l r der art:!.llery fire at 9727. Foad Fboli-Auletta reporter! clear of enemy. 10th Corps is being regrouped for attack northwarcs across Sorrento RicigP.. V Corps will follo ·1 up enemy tomorrow with :.ril Divisi.or on r-oarl. Flatt .:_pagl~aOlevano e,nc: LI.5th :r):..vision on read h''lJoli-Corihu·si-Teora. 76th fivis" on fc~mir..g beach..1'1ead arir-1 82nd Lirborne Divisior. in army 1·eserve. C'olnr"l ~Aa.+howsor my liaiso!'! officer lPft for your }TP,afquarters this afternoon. 11 Personal for Alexanrl.er f·•orr- Clark. 11 VI Corps ar'lvanced to rortheast firr r..ow occupies Battipaglia-T'boli-Ponti;-, SP,le area. Str-ong patrols recor..nc,;tc,..,:v' north of Battipaglia and north arrl east from Fboli. SevPral bric'ges ,..Pported c.i.estroyeci, Some d.esultor-y artillery fire against patrols but rr>sistance generally slight. VI Corps cl irectPr1 to ac'va nee northwa !'L,. Or.,,, RCT of '-'re' Division, plus division artillery, along the axis BBttipagl.i.a-l"levaro-AcA"'rio. 45th Divisior alor..g a:iris ";boli-Contursi-Calabrito. Mo1rarce w·' 11 probabl:' start froD. Bat.tip1:,glia-Fboli before noor tomorrow. 38th Divif:ior w~ lJ organize beachhead. 82!ld Airborne Div.:..sio::, less detachmerts v,ill be i_1 a~my reserve. Resistance on 10th Corps frorrt .L ernains u..>1cli..ane-erl. Corps rPeroupir.r, for attack across Sorrento ,idge. ()ccasicnal artillery fire on 10th Corps beaches today and ori Montecorvino' airport. Airport not yet in use. I visi.tec. Fanger Force today. Colonel Darb~r doir.g a fine job. GPneral iffcC-~AE'ry has requested and will receive reir~orcements for Rang -r-s consi stinp of two more Airbo':'r..e battalions and a second 155mm batte~-, He bas also strcnr:thened force b:r andition Grey 1 s tank ,.."'eiment. WhAn alJ rei.r.fo,,,cr>F<>rts have arrived Pane;er Force will total about 7,000. Air support tor'a~· l'as 1:-''°P most successful ir.. attackire; motor trcirsport columr.s. 11 �Personal to Alexander from Clark. 11 VT Corps now occupies Batt ipaglia. Patrols occupy high ground betwF>en Battipagl.ia ar.-1_ '!Tholi, ex-tPndirr, to Porte Sele. By mir"afternoon this ground will be stronely hel6. .1.fith Div-is ion reconnoitering on Eboli-Contoursi-Calabritto. 10th Corps has pat~'ols six miles north of Battipaglia or- Be ttipaglia-Clevano roar:. 11 * V"':CUJTTY CF PA.FSTlJI,---SBPT'Srlf~R 20, 19t1f--The ea!'l~r mo1"-ni'1r situation 1·eport by G-3 was as follows: ·The 30th Infantry, frd Divisio:r, is concertratec' just south of Battipaglia. The 45th Division is concPr,trPted in th0 arAa Fovello-Clevano-Campagna. Stror-g 45th Division pat~ols are working towarn the north. 36th Division patrols working toward Auletta Y'APort no cortact with British Fighth Army elements. General Walker flew ovAr th<=> Auletta area in a Cub and also reports no Eighth Army elements presPrit in that a-.-.E'a. Captain B~rles > senior aide to General Clark, was hospitalize l +,bis morning at the 16th Evacuation Hospital. The meiical diagnosis was tLE' grippe. Captain Chav~sce, General J\for,tgomery 1 s A.D.C., reportert to C'renera7 Clark this morning, bearing a letter from Gene~al ifontt;o!.'1e-•·y to G""nPral Clark which is quote~ below: 11 T send rr.y A.D.C. to SPe you ae;a'n, anc'l brine JTP your nPW8 anJ. your plans. !vy own situation is that T am ar'vancine; C'P Pote'1.zR-fluletta, arid hope to secure both places by tomorrow nie:ht 20 Sep. 1 must then pa USE', possibly for a week or 10 days. 11 2. : have got to switch rcy I of C to Tal"anto, build. up strPnsth, an0 generallJr re-organise. If, therefore, you decic' e to aclvance on raples whilP I am afraid I could not support you if you needed it. T am hF ltAd, T have come over 250 miles, by road, in two weeks; Tam so stretched, and have so much briogine on the e;rounc1, tnct a pausF> is riefinitely essential for me. 11 3. When I have completed IP.y re-organization Potenza and J;1elfi, keeping 5 Div in those areas. T will pivot my 1'rm:' ori V{ith 17 Corps (Canadiar, Div anc' 78 niv), T will str:i.kP towarrls FOGGTA, secure that area, then turn West, anri cor.:-e in on i.o :raples from the north. Tf meanwhile you have got l aples T will riot tm-r. towarrls it. 4. I propose to repeat the same tactics :l_n respect of Rome. can discuss that later. 11 But w0 �, 11 .5. I do not think it is necessa~, for you to sertl me a ::.,.c. to 1 "Ve perme.nently with me at my Tac H.r~. I realJy have no room for him, as m~r Tac HQ is very small. If you feel you would like to have a I .O. living with my Ar~r I will se!:.d him to :rri,:' ~:air: H.Q. which is back with II1J Air H.0. But if I keep an 1.0. with you, and senc1 A.D.C. ov8-r from time to time, I suggest that is all that is necessar~r. ~r n6. I will be at my Tac F .Q. all day tomorrow, 20 Sep, arn will b,.., delighted to see you if you care to come over about 10 a .m. n Several conferences were heL' ith key staff officers, follow·_ re which a co:riSerence was held with rArieral 11idgway w 1ich preceded a conference with General Dawley. General Clark dictated the followine notes b. connection with his confererce with General awley: 1 "T have just performed the U!'~riappy c uty of -rPlievinti; r'ajor C'rew''ral Dawley from com.'I!and of VT Corps. He has not performed his r1 ut:i.E's as Co-rps Cor.rr:-~nder in combat in a satisfactory marrer. 1 1 I nmier: the initi11.l bridgehear1 of the VT Corps was atte ir.ed, hP put all the troops at his disposal in a cordon riefense, keeping no_e in Corps reserve. He failec to require strong and 0eep reconnaissance to the froPt to determine the ene~r situation and probable intentions. When 10th Corpe:, or. his left, left his flank exposed by failure to attain the o" jectivA of Battipaglia, Eboli anc'1 Ponte Sele, he too:{ no steps to protect his left flank. "When the principal enemy cc,unter-3.ttack occurred on the lfth, he telephoned to me and reported a highly critical situation, the first ;n+,-:riatiovi I had received of this. When I asked him what he could do about 't, 1-ii:-, saic': 1 Nothing, for I have no reserves. All I have is a prayer. 1 He rJ.::.rl, 13.owever, take steps to reorganize miscellaneous units ou the Ia Pasa 'R.ivPr. However, the next morning vrhen ::: went to the critical point on this 1 ·DP, no troops were to be fou.'YJ.o, front line units ha<i. no artillery liaison officers by which they coulrl call for artillery fire ard Corps apparPntly <l.;r' not exert its full influence in straightening out that situation. "From that time on, General awley has trierl. to handle all thP rleta' ls of the Corps, placine; littlP confidence or responsibility in his subordinatP staff officers. r, ot only T, but ~· C'hief of Staff and G-5 felt l:'...ttl confidence in the ability of VT Corps to button up anc'l carry out c' irectives issued from this Heac.qua-rters. Conshwt checking by our own staff office.,..s of the situation in the :'.6th anrl 4{h D::..visions was necessary in order to get a true picture of the situation at the front. Few reports of the situation came from VJ Corps, anrl in no case have T bPen able to finrl out where v~ Corps kept 10th Corps ~irectly ..:.nformeri of the~r situation. VT Corps ma::..:ntained its Headquarters in a tobacco factorv, a vulnerable target fo,., bol'lb ire;, ar.d not centrally located v1ith respect to its ,,.esponsibility. My G-'Z, Colonel Brann, has informed me repeatedly that ColonAl B°'ll, G-5 of the VI Corps, had little confidence in r'-"'neral Dawley I s rlecisions. T placeri General 0 �Ridgway as Deputy Col!I'."arid0r of the. VT Corl)S in order that I might g,..t a true picture as to the functioning at that Headquarters. Genera] Rirlgwa:-,~ has reported to me repeatedly that General Dawley failec to mak"' p"'opn ... use of his staff, was quick an contemptuous of staff offic<=>rs an0 arbitra;rily directed rlecisions without their re.cor-menc,ation. HA portrayed. to me a completely u.ima.ppy situation at that Heacl.quarters. "From the beginning of Operetion AVALPTC'r:', T havA personally felt l .;ttle. confidencP. in the ability of VI Corps to carry out their assiv,ner1 mission. I always felt the necessity of either chAcki!lg personally 1rysplf or havin,t" large nmnbers of my staff officers out to bring m"-' factual ~rforTflct i0r tl-iat certa.:.n things ordered W9re being carriec. out. "When Gi=meral lU':lxander visited me on September 15th, hP ask, r m row General Dawley we.s doing. I replied not entirely satisfactory. He v.;sitPr1 General Dawley anrl han. ar: interview with him. La.tPr, General A::.exanc'er called me to one side and said to !"· , 1 T clo not want to interferP wit.:b you~· business, but I have hac some ten yPars I experience in this eaDe of s iz inE, up co:imne.nders. T car tell you definitely that yot: have a b ... oker reerl on your hands and I suggest you replace him immediatPly. 1 General ""lawlPy I s ~ervot'S!l9SS in the presence of General 1Uexantler ann myself was e;,11~te apparent. T askP.d GeneraJ Ali::xander to inc'licate. this situation to Ger ral Eisenhower, but the latter should take no act iori u.ntj 1 h"' sav mP. 0 "When GenPral Pi enhower visited mP on Septem er 17th, hP inquirPc of this situation. Geriera F.isenhowe:r- had a 1 vrct~'S bcPn c1oubti'ul as to General awley I s abilit3r to cornmanc a Corps in conb&t. General "'isenhownr took prompt steps to order G'3neral Lucas as a replac<:ment for DaVvlPy • . nT have ca~led for G"':rseral Da ley this dat"', ;nformec' him of thP situat.:.on, relieve ✓ him of COL'!Iland and am dirPcting him to proceeo to AFHQ, reporting to th_ C-in-C upon his arriv~l therP. I a~ sen ing a letter to the C-in-C stating tb.at in ey opinion he has failed to satisfacto,,.ily ::.:,erfo:rin. his duties as a Corps CoIIL~ander in combat and that, accordingly, I havP relieved him. 1: (, o not f Pel called upon to ma A a further rec onm1PNlat.; 01 as to whether he be reduced or retain his co~Jll;sc;oTI as a ~'lajor r.ene,,.al. That 1 is something for the Var Department to deci ~ , based on policiE's in pff 0 ct at the present time. I persona] ly wouJf not ~P :;UC"' him. H~ s case i.s sir·ilar to Fredenriall Is, who 'i'as sent bac - anc' promotAr" to iE'UtPrar.t r,"'r"" a, • With thP experience Dawley has hacl in pr"'paring fo~ t11~s ope-•·c1t.; OT\ and · r combat, I feel t _at he would be valuable .ir.. a traininE: c-e.pacity at home. T 11 1 rather feel, after havi!'lg worked. VJith TJa.wley 0ver a pe:rioc' of mont 1s, that he has ri.idr'e.n his lack of force beh~n-' a bold anrl 'blustPrirg fro:>1t. be live he has lack of confidenrP. in himself ar" fef~.nitPlJr c, oes riot me0t rf"quirements when the going is tough anr1 times er"' difficult. y Ch 1 ef of Staff, General Gruenther, m;;r G-3, Colone: Brann, and DP.puty Comma.nrP.~ Ge:>1era / 'Ridgway, are co!!'.pletel:r in accor" with me in my est:.mat<=> of Gn:reral '"'awlPy. ''T have just talked w ·th enera lewis> who hA.s kr;o,·Tl r ,.,era l nawlr ~ anr, serve, with. him for mariy ~rears. T told him tha.t I had r l-:..~~' _im. (!AYlpral 1 General Dawley ha~ c-omplP-t"-'lJ t:.own up. lewi_s I repl3r was as follov,s: Tt vras abs0lutely essential that l.~ be reliever. 1 r01om,l r·~at:rewson fPPls the 0 �same way , accorcl ing to General Lewis. General Lewis informs -me that Dawley has been ca 1ling frequent assemblies of his staff, anr1 at a recent one talkec1 for ten minutes with regard tc the necessity for office,...s and we-n covering up their dro2pings, failure to bring the penalty of havinc; the offenc1 er eat his lunch at the latrine. n Two officers of the 2nc1 Battaiion, soqth Parachute >'egiment, who pa-Pticipated in the Avellino area r1rop ancl who had rejoined Fifth .ATmy aft r walking for five rlays prir1 d pally through enemy occupiecl. territory, report ec, to the Commanding General , Fifth Army. These officers were Captain '1alph F. Whitmore, Jr. , and 1st Lieut. John n. Martin. 0 t.Tust prior to lunch, Air Chief Marshal Tec1der arriverl at Fiftb Army CP }) in compan;y v,ith Major Genera} House, Comn:anding General, YIT Ai:~ Support Com-I' man~. After luncheon with his Chief of Staff arn'l these two guests, General Clark , Air Chief Marshal Tef'lder , General House, General Clark's airle, Iieuter1 ant Thrasher , Sergeant Holden and two Signal Corps photographers c eparted from the Fifth Prmy C-P to inspc-,ct areas damaged by aerial bomba:rt'm::;nt. ""',1route to Battipaglia > the party encou..nt1:;red Majo"\"' Ge,1ers 7 Truscott,' Conu11.e·1ding General , Sr·l Infantry D.i.visio::1. General Clark discussed the situation with General Truscott who reported that his a<lvance elements were n0a:rine Montecorvino. General Clark I s pa,...ty proceeded to Battipaglia which is riow a devastated town. Practically every builc• ing withi:1 thP- to.vn limits h.as bAen damaged by aerial b mbad.meTJ.t. Air Ch.:.ef Ma,...sl::lal Terkler and Major Gene,~a1 House poserl for several p·ctures before triis <levastat<>0 backgrounc. n-e118ral Clark considere<'l. the setting most ap~)ropria.te. ThE> pa,...ty proceerled to Eboli.• ..'I.long the route a r~markable example of precis1on b0mbine; was obse~v<>rl. in that the :rboli-J3atti.paglia railro'V1 line had receiv9d a S9ries of perfectly placed bomb hits , rendering U."l.usable the rn.ilway line anri damaging the ,...oar'bed extensively. Jl_fter visiting "1)oli , which also was ss,,rerel~, damager, Ge-nAral Cla.,...k visited the fori. varr1 CP of the 45th n.:.vision. G"-'nP"al IErkll ton r0p0~t<>rl that his advance ele:r.1.ents s.re along the ,...o;:i,-l w<>st of Coritursi. G-Pr,e-y,aJ Cla~k arc' party then proceederl by roe d to the 10th Corps CP. n.<>'1eral McC~ .er~ was 1ot present at h::s CP , ai1r'I so Gel'.;.eral Clark 'iscu.sse' trie situation with Br: cac1 Le,... Cooke , 10th Corps B.G.8. He:,.~e, also, r,..,,,_eral r,1a-..•k: talked with Jieutr-,na.nt Sexton, another 609th Parachute R.egime'1t officer who 1,.arl marle his way back to our lines. 1 0 Upon ret1.trni_rig to the CP of Fifth P.rmy , General Cla,,.k hacl a corif<>~Pnce with General Grwnther and stwliAr' the accumulation of reports befo-""" havi n::; di:cmer. After 1inner, General Clark , accompanie-d 1-i;r Colonel '11a.,..t in anrl Se,...geant Holden, vis I.te<'l the g.Sth "'vacuat-ion "Hospital. R.etu.,...11lng to ri:'..s CP at approximately 2200 hours , the GenerR.l -cet ire<l l!TIJ'ied iately, only to be awaker:ed at 2250 by Colonel Howa,...d, his G-:? , who made a r<:>port on the 0n"'my s ~twtior,. Trie following important messages wsre received and oispatched toc'ay: Personal for McCreer-J from Clark. 11 This morning air force will start usi:'le Montecorvino ai"'·drorne for refueling of planes. It is essential thPt this field be placed in full op<"ration :'..mnediately. I am su.r8 that you ar1,:::,...Pc :.ate the devastating effect of hostile artillery fire on our aircraft. To insure �Y5 that the artillery which has been firine: on thP airpo:r·t is eliminatAc'l promptJ_y, I wish you would t;ive this mattsr your persona 7 att"lritiori. 11 Personal for General Clark from Genera 7 MoYJtgomery. 11 r1itr ADC has returned and given me your situation. It is wonrler vl what ;rou have dOJ:iA, and I so congratula.te you and ~rour troops on a mag11ificert pPrf ormaf'ce. · T would like to coneratulate you personallJ" anil. could come over on Friday ?,Ll. September. Woul<l it be con.venient if 1 arrive off Red i3each 2 in my laur1ch at 1030 hours?" The followine is the terl of a speciaJ order- issue(1 to thP t-roops of 10th Corps b~r the CoY!lmanding General of this organization, fi.en. WfcCreer;r: "We are now on our way to attack the mainland of 1 taly. This r1ecisive operation, in conjunction with the attack of F.ie;ht"i A-rm:r in the, toe of Italy, is the opening of the sec onf'l front in Bu.rope. Our lanr' ine;s will bi:::, a milestone in the downfall of Germa.ri..y. nwe form part of the America.n ,r:;th A.,,.my. We shall be fir;htint:; and wor1ring alongside our American comrares, we must go all out to help each othP-r, I have told General CLARK how pleased all ranks of 10th Corps are to form part of an Allied force U."YJ.cler his cormnand. "We must expect hard fighting. Ti;a:rly success w'll oepenc1 la-rgel;,~ on the speed of the in 1 tial 1Pnc1ings and on the ·""etermination anl dash sho m by all ranks. 11 Throughout the worlc the British so dier hrs aln:iys b8en resp""ctecI for his attitude to the civil population. We shall bein one of the most thLC'kly populated districts of Tl}urope. I rely on all ranks to make the.:r conduct a model, and an example. "The 10th Corps forms the spearhead of the ~-rm;r. T am ver~" proud to be the Commander of such a splendid formation. Of the outcomA I have no ~oubt. I wish you all good luck and <}od speed. 11 Personal for General Clark from General Alexander. 11 Fope to come over to see you tomorrow 21 September returni:ne same 0ay. Details of lan'Hne; erolmd and eta later. 11 Personal for General Clark from General Ali:,xanrl.er. will arrive Sele airfield at 1045 hours 21 Sep. 11 !!Pnference my MA 5Li2, �1FC'1r"J::TY ')F PAtSTlW--S"::-P'J'"'r'3F,D 21, 1o4r --G-"' eports th.i, mo,~n":,-:s_, the+ the islaw1 s of Procir"a, Tschia an0 Ca:p-r-· arP helc" ½y J11=- i_Pr' T'or('es. ThA arJva'1.ce :::-econnalssance el""rrr"'nts of the ;;o;r<J T)ivision were 1 1/2 m5.l"'8 south of Acerno at 0500 hours 1::ncl have recr~ived sl'Ylall arms fire from a positio,.., one mile south of Acerno. The ~Qth Re~iment is in the vic-init:' of "i};:,vano with elements moviYJ.g nort½.. The 7 w· Division artillery is ir.. ,9, position to support the anvance. The 7th Pegim1?nt iq now unloRc'ing at R,::,r1 Br>ach :r2. The '3!.~c~ Divis.ion CP is to :nave ~u,~t south of Olevano. Onl;;r info:r-ma+ ion from the 4St:h T)ivision this mornine: is that strori.3 ed.vance rPcornaissa•C'e ele!D.ents of' that Division are operatinc; in thP Coriturqi area. RpgardinG the Sa.lArno area , the news bu.lJetin this morning stat9s 11 ?ews fr0rr: i\ll".P · Force supports the view tl'J,&,t L'ontgomer~r may hP.ve cut .:.r beliinr1 thP GP 1•mavip, forc-i 11, them to make a hE> st:r withc'-rawal. 11 Un:f'ortun?tel:r, puch r<>pm.·ts a-r,~ pu~r:,ly fictional. 0 Colonel Clarlc, Arm;r DfF'l, b onght Pr. Park vratson, repres"'nta+,}_vF; of The Baltimore Sun, to interviPW General Clark. (;.9peral Clark e.,,., :;03'r/ talki1:g with Mr. lJ'Tatso:n, and invit,::,rl General Gru01,the-,,. irto his offfo,=, {ur!rL the conference. , Ge11.eral Wa 1!( 0 r reporter<, t O G':"nere 1 r1ar1r at 09:':0. Ger 0 ral r1a:rl,c p - - plain<=>d to GP.neral WalkP.r his proposec1 use of the '"Gti1 D::_v" S' o"" a~rl ordere =:. Ge::1.eral Walker to expPdite th r-2-ec;_uipping -"'Pc' re-orga:riizfr~'. of t11.at rlivision i:.-:c or,:ier that it m.:ght be prepare"l f,:r~ combat wi.thin a w0 0 k. 0 Colonel Sal+,z:man met General AlP~"anc1.er anr pa. ·t:r at SEJe airport "'L, escorter- them to Fifth Arm;/ Forwarr'i CP. Gew=•raJ tl,,,,::2,,,rler's part:r i-nC'JwerJ Major General Penney 5 his ChiP.f ,Sie;nal nfficcff; Ma jc:r Ge,,,Aral Mille.,.; Ma~o-r General C1mnon, Deputy Air Office-r, Comr"'n0i:re; the T· cticnl f\j_,.., Force; fi_1' Coml!lodore Bemish, Senior Air Staff nffic,,,,r; B-riga<'ier Aie~", 'nt ll iQ"o·••C"" Officer; Brie;ac:lier GeYJ.eral T.emnitz-?r; Depu.t~r Ch::ef of St8ff; C'ol 0 !" 0 l Portnr, Q 0 fficer anr'l Majo:r- Ramse~r, l\nC to Gene,...al Alexander. (;.pperaJ. Al":Yan,:ior arr1 General Cla:r•k ir:r.:'!'isdiately went into consultation. A su.rm;,2r3r of this conference follows: 1 0 General Alexanc1er outlinAd to 1ne thP future plans for the 15th A-rm:, Group. He indicated a map of Italy with a bounra:"'y bPtw,;;en 1•'.ie;hth anc'i Fifth Armies, nmning gene-rall;r north a.nd s ;uth throu2;h th"' mid,'lP of th rwpi.r:_sula with various phase lines in('ii.cateri.. ThP 10th Corps, aft"'r thP ca~:,t,_;,:r• of JITaples, is to return to Eighth Army. Polish troops are to P sert .; r ay,,'I assi,gneri to the ~i::;hth A:::-:my, anrl the FrPnch T',cp=,e itionar:r C0rps to lw mar'p a pa.rt of the Fifth Ar:rri,y. ff P i:-a t,h•'rr e:::p8cts ~,,apl es to fa] 1 b;;· ,...,ct obP 7th. , 1 T hope earliAr. He hopes a month lat.Gr we will a.,_Jpro~ ch tlv~ ::-iornP '1~ 0 a a"c-: gr<i.rlua.lly we \n·ill wo,.. 1 our way up to thA last GP1~man poslt.;ons ir th"J Po c Valley. Tt looks as though the combi.:nerl. Fifth anrl ::-'.i~hth i\rmies will total about lLl. divisions. This, no cloubt, will be less then the nu.TI1bPr of r'-ermari divisions masser'l in Italy. Upon Ge"'eral Alexander I s r1"'p2-,.turr., he took mr, to one si11 e and told me how ''elighted he was at the splenr' ir1 manner ir. which the operations of the Fifth A=my were beirg conr'lucter1 • BP sairl, 11 You are <loine it exactly as I wantec it. 11 0 0 n Gen8ra-1 Alexander in,1.i.cated his (P.sire to visit 10.th Copps Tfoar'lc{uarters. �ThP +-0~·0w·11_; pErt.y +rav,,,.llr:'- 1)~• ~eep to tr.1.<t rra·~uart~ 's: r.er.~·a 7 Alexrvicler, Gennral C'lark, GAf'FTfll :---10"', G"' nral C'c111or, .Air C'om,-,,oc' orr> B0rnis11 r"lr· TieutenaYJ.t Thra,3hE't', .Fl!: to Cr>ri<>ral Clark. At 10th Corps Heac,qua;rtPrs r..eneral r"r(; ""7 met thA part:r. Tl- 0 situation and. plans werP ega~n ,·iscusser', ,. ,,,,iat,,,ly foJ.lovri.rcr \'hic-11 a huffet J.w:1cheon wa'> server1 • Aftpr th0 re+UJ'n tr-ip to Fifth 'rr-7 rP was rac'o anr:l t11e ,.. T'"Jai:rider of General £i.::.."3v '1(er 1s ::?fl,..ty was ;:-'2.th"",..F , all :.mmedi· tel;- nopa..,.ted for Sel,.., a i.,.fir>lrl to bP f:::..0 n to 15th 6.'"m; r,roup ~eerl.qu.arters. 1 Generfl: C'lrrlr 1earnw1 tofiay that hi,:: 011 fr-ii:::r,·, Ge"leral '9PUC'l""'r, is to heaci the French t'ission to F.:_fth Army. °f-T"' :s loolr"r1c: fcrwar· tC' conti1 mine his fr.i.An°ship w·th r.erP..,.a:. E>Uclnr. The ph~rsical con"ition o: Captain Byl s, s0nio.,.. £.icr> -1-0 GA1e.,., l Clurl·, is rot er it ic"' l ann, a 1 thoUf':h nc- hc..s u ➔· rmp ratur0 of : n2 7 ./2 r"egrees, hE is AYp9cte1 to 1,'3 back wi+1-- us i.n th·' 0 P o~ fou.,,. C"' r. 0 G'3neral Clark sp0!1t the Mmainrl_=-,. .,-r· thP 4 ,9.3• :n -·,c iv'--~ ,,.,. ' st ff officr---::, stu.c"yi"1.'.: -·'1.com;re rP.)Orts ,-y' ;i_('c;w ·rt ·11,; h~n'R<'~; w•.j.• the changing situation of the ifth ArrT. 0• :or :·:rort~0rrr>17 f-orr r<larlr. 11 ·ou,.. mPSSafP of cori..,'T'ul. tiol"ls leeply a.pp.... ~ciati:-r>. 'Tl..l hr> r'r-,Ji::htr,, tC' S E' ;rou -.,..·f1:1:·, 2Ll SPpt~"1hA"", at lCY~O hou.-,·s. '. · l - ·•ed :·ou a·' "'"'ec' Br ac-h .' 2." Pe-<"'OY'L,l 0 TCT'TTTY "'7 DA_...,,S'T'r ~-SP.PTH''~¼'-q 22, :::_('1~--Colo••..,0:.. Brc>w rr>onr+.--.... -l:.o ·11-, Cor:'..:"3.'1.rin,:: GeriPr&l this :morrirs tha+ ,:i,~ncP. lrmPrt" of +r,.. .r'" n·".;_ 9 io:r &rA i!r~_.,,., iat:-ly sotth r-,-'"' l\.cF-rn:i. Th0 Ltt:;th "1ivisi QYl i" ::.ri C"rtqn+ with +i1e ePem;: ir.. the Cortu.rsi c:.rEa. -ro c-hf'-~E '.-,•.s OCC'Ul'""'' ·~ +1 ' : ).:. 1 Corps or T?err0r fore"; s5tu,,tior. (;=vpral r'l•rk 1 s p:!..F.'" of :;:n1~h-.r~ th vr rorps to thc. T"trt'1 ;q unr'J0r ay. Te X.,:'ctr>,' -m" cu:.or+ f»orr +,.. '<'~~ht:t -"-rm.,- , n tri.; s opP-::-at · on, but c · ce Gp·-ert l '"ort :3om r:' h' .c:i h·" o 17pr'! C'?rv,ral C2a.rk t,._,at it is nP,ces"'ar~· f')r him to hat fr p,.o½a 1~1 +E_ ~::i~•s o~ the Au.::.,,,tta-Potenzc1 lin,.,., Fifth Pr~; \,~1 +'i.;:11+ a 1 0 Tb,,.. 82nc'. ~-.,.. ornP. Divj sion, l"ss A}f"'T""Y-"' ts o.,, SA:''Prto Bir,;;"', 11.rs co:r1centrc1tF- · i!! thA Co-,trori"' 8.rE>e. '1'11."s f0rc0 '1;:1s 1)€-"' F prt~ Pr i " ,.T parec·' 0~1 1:J..'rrr;; orr1 e:::-' to as . st the 2 Vf-'IlC'.: of P:"' VT co-...r,f' ',:,·: (1; Protectine the ri~::.t flan of th--- r.o··ps (2, ::cter?"rir, thr ,..· :r+ -:.,_,., th Cor]:)S (5) Ha i.d,e. ·ning contact with tr.A °RiP'hth 1'rm:' (t) ')_"f s i.v~ c.' rat ·o "' ~gair:st thP lAft ar rAar on P!lF'~)' fore"'::: Fla:r·..-,: tl.r t V''rc'"' of t"'"' ro·r•ps. The :Gt:::. Divisi..on hes assr::mh:r>r' 1 YJ t'1E' er0a ,.~,,st 0.,.. ;·1tav·:.1q,; C\:3t\ree11 F Galore, T Lacasa anc' iTal,l0acllva. Tr., s•:tuatiC'::-, p.--r"'l_;_tt· g, ·t ·c:; planm c th t the -z t.: fli vis i o --~.2..1. reI'1t · '1 a 0·•" 111, tr, :r 7 a~ s L l .:s area for reorgPni.zat ion c r' rpc.,,pt i o,.., c-f rf'_:>lq cA:rnr->rt"'; "ft"',.. w' i ch t'..,, r1 v.:..sion il::'.. be usea to at=: ,.:..st _:_r.. th OfJPraL·o:ri er,airst "a.] s. \''1"lp t>1is asc9mhl~• area, tb.r. :"'6t:b Div: s · on will outpost t11.P l · D•' P.: ·i;>0, ·, f\::;"'iastro, rrr ... rti.,<>l"a; 7ourit Sopra~o rr·th rot to ;,,::cePr< OI!f'! r'.:f'lE' com a 4 ... • 1 J 4 4 �r.f>l1Pl"B,l r'lnl"k hPlr fl r.or"'P,..PDC"" wit11 r;.,-, eral Ton's, th£> l\.rmy a.,._ til}Pr;r Off ic .. , aftc,r , hich Lieut..,n.a.nt Go::.r-.-., 1 GlP.,...lr, l' 3r P'Y; pr"'S rt"'r ·,r. ·m. ~.an::; , r"'!)l"P.S n.tative of Ti111e .<irc1 I~.,. , to C" ·~ ~"l r1ark. v-,.. Tr nr, rec"W"Ster t~Pt he C o.llower" to acror1p· :r C'Pt1~l"l'll Gla.,...k 0'1'1 h.:.s rP:-t inspect:.o:n +,rip to :ifth .Arm;r uni.ts. G"'ner l C a-•·k g.,,.antec' th~s rf •"Ut>st by invltin.g rr. Ianrr to ac-rompa.T'ly hlrr: or 11i.s irispectioJ:1 trip p 7 t .... ned fo:;,' this mornine • 0 Gemira 1 r'lPrk , :r. Lang, Li"luter•ant Tln·ash0r anf Ser':"2.nt Ffo2.,.:i 0 n trv vellerl ~r jee.d to tl1e COI":-'Fl1(1 pos-1:. o"' t1'1P :,7,-.' ')'vi S. ')r nor+r of Ba+v pa ] ·a anc' severaJ miles so1.lth of Ace"'nn. Upon a,,.r :.vi"1~ at the ·,.. J1iv · siC'"l forvra"'n. (;P , Gen"'::::-al Cln.rk rli.scuSS""'l the situati.on wit¾ f;eviAral Tuca.s, v~ Gorps 0 arrpbrll, "'liv"s"cr a~Command~r , a>1c' G011eral 'l'rusc0tt . Br.iP"a..:ii.,,,,,. G""I'IP"' t.:.2.lery office ..... , f.,...,, Div~sior, jo.ire" th.., corfp-rqic , <11r1 r r' ·a, r.1n"'l' rrquPst0l that G':'PP,"fll "e,..,p ell s•10,- ¾im trP. a.,,. . .;"lP.ry r'"spos·ti.o c; . -I}~ Ac')rno arPa. '::\rf' '"liv.:.si.on a.,..tillery "-as at thc1.t t 1 :c" f.; ··r,; ).,...:_pc .)a 11: in sup,;;io:rt of the ?.0th 1:?egimP:J.t attacl-r or AcP.r'PO. G9·"erc1l Cam;,>bPll ~n·rEr Grneral Cla:ck 1 s party ami conr1uct<>o G-:.neral Clark to the C'F cf th' 'C+h "'=legi:rr!.ent wherr,, thA sH1.1r.,ti0:r s rli.,,r11e5p0 with Col0r~l Pop-nrs, Comr-1.r .. 1:., Officer of th<it '"'ee;im"":lt. Fror.: the , +he ::;,art:" prof!-:-d0 l or f~ct to f v::.sioi:: artiJl8ry ()P which wes c0rt,...ol1"·g tr, f'i.,..;:, ,, ... ti-1.0 <-l.;vis.;r-~ "l.,,t·1 _ lPry . The cliII'b to the OP was a st•,.0nuous or" , f•r1 rr-ne,,.pl 0 lri.1·k, w·+' hi.s -a:n;;;r arr1 at,:blet-:.c pt:·si,.~ ur>, sE-t a J:".Prr· 7~c~ fo- th0 l'f'f"'; ·!" f•r f tb.<' part;r. ThA ?:X_rPrnitur"' of P.rf"rr,:. iRS A,[l~)ly "f"[Ja;,, f'"l'Hf•V ,..., f"' up a-,...ivi:it- c.t thf' "P, a Pf>,..fnct v .. ,, of th cit:· ()~ Acr>~·nc /'1!"1(, tr, f' -tM.:.::rr for that local i.ty was afforr'0. l. Gen"'·.-.a l Cl& ,..Jr ;•;:,ma" rs, O'l. + 'l 'JP ro" ar hour & nc a half O c::eTvine th eff0cts of our F :rt illf :-:r f. rf' on t '1"' t <' ,, hn] ':)W ar,l obser rin.e the arvence of our irfartr:- t ,··ia ...i + 111? 10'/'!1, Tt snm becamP a _ '1_)8TE:nt tlw.t .Ace-•'nc would fall. 0 0 0 Gf ri-:.ra l Clark thE''Yl le!'t th<;i C'P anc' returr~•l to t11P fo,...warr1 GP; ;-,,.c" Div·s·or. , W'lf're. the pert; er ~03refl a lv.nrhror fV"'VP by (l.r• 1 Al'E.. 7 m,US<'Ott. G'3nera, C"·r thA, ,'rove tot--; (:"l of t'ri.A ;"L1+1, 'Jiv · s·or, w;:,~,·~ }p ,- Jcom"'l a'1r1 c,;~::f'~"'rer w·th G-::,n8ral ",rr·12r • F-•orr +his •ryo·'l.+ ' G~n0.,,.~ 1 C'la"'k .,,.ev 1 ..., -.. turm,c. to th"" Fifth Ji.:rr1y cor.JI"<ir 1 post fPrr- ~e ,.ecPive' of..,i.c~f"l J'.lot ·-0 · catior.. th,:it Ace-rno is now ours. r10 i•mprl.:c:t•ly Wf 11t h 0 to cm 1: ; " 1 • r.c w"·t, ~en"ral C'-rurmthP1' ano ColorP.l ~"'arm. -P. e p lainer" +r-"' si tUP.tio tc t }:-., sr office:r-s Pnr" 2.nd.ic1ctec1 to HF'l" possi.bl,,.. futurr- o::_}P."at;ors. l'l'r. La.PIT~,qu""stec' five r-inutes of t}i, G, ,=,-ral 1s +;_.,.., for E. nror+ ir1t'"T'V "v' , ,,~-,..h r~(IUPSt Ger.",...21 Clark s,,.ar't 0 0 Tt. r.01. YcnnPt}i Cla,...r, PRr ')+'f'ic~ ·, ,..,,..p()·•t,id to C'E•YJ."'~~ 1 Cla."1 to ' 11 \ n:;_a, shrm liim +rp follo?i.ng c011sO-rs 11'p pu.:.r'e.rrP. cable 1"f'CPiVP to ay: lnr, up :!i'.:.r,hth Army prorress -ienc0:'.'ort 1. (?) ~·ft11 A,...m:r pur 1 1~re,. rrcrrr,: bac 1 0!1 th~ r i.ght fl9.nk. Amoe' ic&ns r:r :- b'"' m ~t ; Or"'' , 'k- SU{' •nst . "T ' < :~as rr:ar",... e;ooc' r,etaway. r.0"1.eral r1ark ,,.ec-r--iv,.,,1 .f.,.o~ +rr:> ':l,,.inA ·i.- ·~ ➔ er th" fo] lowi , r,'·1J P: " Accept rr.;r hearty cone~atulritio., or thA ha,,.r' Pl - hr .. ,liaYJ.tl:r cor'u,..t• �battle which you .have won on ·+.he bPP.ChPS of 8/:•leri"o , in which Bwitish ari,-'l Amr-,rican solr1 iers have sher their bloorl toeether and not in vein.. H'v9.,..:• gooc' w-l.sb. for further successes. 11 The Gemiral immediately ans,1ererl this congratulatory message as follows: nyour messae;P. cona-ratulatio•1s deepJJ: appreciatec' b;r all ranlrs Fifth Arm.;;r. Tt ½as bAen e;reat privj lee;e to have. splendid battle-prov,:;:,n elements 10th Corps u.11der Fifth Army coro.marirl . American ann British units are :10rkiEg ::n comp1At9 coordination, each prom to fight by si('le of other. Alor:;:sin8 your finP T,,ic},th />''my, we kAenly anticipate future op0ration<:: to throw Germans out of Ttal;r. 11 The Comnancing Officer of th,=, 1,;th 'ieJ rl J,rtiller<z Br51:arJ_c,, Br·· garl ;e..,.. General Cra~.A , reported to r..e-,.,eral Clark th9 arrival of the a.-'1vance Plements of his command anr staterl that hP is lookine: forwarr- to thP tim0 when he can fire in support of Fifth l\.rmy 1.mits. Ceneral Clar1c has orflpre,1 th0 10th Britis11 Corpr to attack bPfo-r 0 rla3 li~ht tomorrow morriing to capture the high grou.. ..1 ~a~t south of 111 ocP.,..", 11. preparatory to ac1 va 11cine riortheast across the pla -i_n of 111apJ PS. The ma· :n th:rust will be on the axis Vi9tri Sulmare- ~'ocera anr' will be c;a,~-rie,-1 out by the 11 6th Division anc the 7th A.rmorp"' Division. . .A subs~c'fa,7 ai·tac}will "be made by thP ~~+.h Divisio11 o:r -~hp axi.s Sal"'Y'ro-San Saver":1.0. ThP Raneer Fore"' , crirnTianderl b~· Colori8l na,·by arrl or,e:..·ating un"e" th,., 2·,,,1 Armored Briea"'"', v1 ill cooperate iri th<> attaf'i: of thP 10th Cor:::is by aC't,or again'.='t the ene:rri;:r I s right anrl rear in the area 8. !1~auro-Hoc-"':~a-Scafat ~ • F 1:1.our has b1::en set for 0r:00B, 2:C: SeptPmber . G"'l"'"""B] Cl'-' ,,.1,.. has C'"'"ererl thP v~ American Cor:ps to push for the line Teo::-a-r~ortr->n1ar-' 110-.1\v'?-ll c ro with th~ missiori of p:rotAct::-,--,g the r-i. e;ht fla,1k 0f thP 10th Corps a,,fl I'lai":tai:nine contact ,,,..;th the Fie;hth _A.-,-.my. Th"" ene-m:y is bPlieved to occup;;r in some force the PoritAf-ratte ancl Vietri vall"'YS. Th.o. G8.,..mari flen_' e;ua:..·cl which was locatPc1 to the 8ast in the Dan Mango a,.,ee was evacuater1 this aftPrnoon. The r=>nArn;:;" has reacte<" strore;l3° to lOt>-i Corps pet,,.ols. AJl available air "'Up_;::,0rt v,;11 'be allottP.d to su:,_?o:rt thA 10+,1-i CMp2 'l'.1 thr:,i·~ attack. Tt j - "'"'t"rn.ter' th·t 24 fie;11tP:::"'- bombe~ squrrlron sort.:.Ps, iJ.1 hF availabl"'. Hie; 11t br,rrhers are to E ttac 1: Sa •. Severiro a,.,0 Nocp••a OL thE nights of 2l./22 9n,rl 22/2;-: Septem er between the hours of 2000 a i ' 218C. Preparat~_ons for this attack :inre beer:. thorcrgh, ex,' 1 a:thm.,1.01 the "Jrn: holds strong defer.'..s:i..ve posit.::.ons , success is GY.,'"'chc•. 7 - J11st j.J:P~or t"' c,~-=l~-~,-- , G(ner&2- Clar~ asr2-rrilll:~_r::te·,. e r:_,rc:: 2f r~:---0r+f ; afte!~ v1b:._c1: he sr ~o~:--crt a :-:ee..rt~"' r._Pal e. r, .. st~rnt1lctlr_g "'i~cuss-· or ,I:+~i :. ~-s c' i1:.ner 1 ;;-1.:.ests: Pr..:_e;~ , ..'._er n::eh2.rc:s0:_, r:i,~ _;_e;a' · ::." C'c c ~ _ , ~;.,,- R 1 r-- ,_, _ i 1 ~ ar.d Coloti~l Se ltzrr:.ar. Personal for Clark from f\r;cCreer~r. 11 I confirm J\ffontAcorvino airfielc' is fit for use. Eo shelling yesterdat or today. FuJ.ly a;,~.reciate iJn:~)OY'tance of dealing with arcy long range artillery that &ttemrt iPte1•f.:,-,-.p-~,cP. n Personal for ItcCreer;,r from Clark. 11 1 wish you good luck arirl complet'3 success in Jrour coming enterprise . I have directeil that VI Corps mal{-"' its maximun effort in coordination with you. As you requested, I have placecl a 155Tl'lTD. g1.1.n battalion at the disposa 1 of 10th Corps. If there is an:,rthir'"; more I can c"o , call on me. 11 �50 PPrsonaJ for Clark from Te,Fe ·• '""ay - t ' ! :rik- .ycu or eh lf of tl~r AllieC: Forces for yo"..U' gen°rous a.,:rr-Pc · at ion of , ork c O~P in su:::,-'Jort of ;rcur succ9ssfu.l operat.:.ons at Saler>10. om· m<;SSfl~e will 1Y' rlpe:-il:' ar11 L _reciated by e.11 ran s. 0 v 1 rn·-rrv fr' p ,.,..,sTrrr ---S..,P'T'..,_"1::rr,~ 2 ' J "i' ·H• r,y••:::-s Ptt<:t"k "()t'1 of-" J1..'!"pf'rl _ _ r.__ !y-•·· " c-,-J:,r-l,ilt' pc, c t1 • s no.. thrt n ~•~+, ho•r.vPr-, tl1. .... r r . ., T"~] T"L'"f "; •r ('r ..... f' c~m.r 'l. /"' .... b:r-thpt ro~.::: .;T' t1 ~ E 110 '10 1 • ,... ri-''1 Po¥r-vf'r, +J.-ir., PY, I)'~· C'O-'- i...,"UFS to ·,-,t ,..f ,...'°' ~ ·t!l t:r,r. ~ -V8"1('1" .... f rrr ,-,~ ....... shy ..,mol·+•o..., ._,,, :mirE'- :P.~•·. "C,..."'"lS - ar-'-·il-P~:r, m~,...ta .... 2nn 4 8m~,, "'-=s r·,-.,=-, ~,., h,,--:..,- re-- 11t to hP{Y' c-n +1~ "r·~ ,~~1 rffl~ ... -,..(','.'7 ~s !'0 C'O. C ... <" ,P ,,.. -;r>ll "..-,f',-.·•mqt f.'"'~C,f' ,,,,+h CO'l .<.,,_,-. a+tr-trl~"' R,...f' ;or a'~ il;:,010. thP 1)1"0;'.,..t'~S 111::i.l,::, fo.,.C·r.,- ,..,,,• ,... .... t0r' nl")r' '1 ,-,f' /1.,-.,- ~,.y, r.,.., . , -1-YJ. 7 ',;,• 4-(' r'E P~f't 1 i f'i:ITT;_;"' • :b f Q t .:.c ___ s •Tl:_ "" ~ t", i ~l M V plies on the be-ac .•es L 8 - _ S , r .:_ Pt . __ ;; :; 7 __ .< ~ t _l •r , ~ !".ct ,_ + "'- c t..~s . .l~ J :&c · :.._~ 1..-f: . . . l._ .. ~,:, .... , ~ .,... loa 'i..._g ,,.,..... o,_ IP arc i, ,. tt.:.r__, : ..1 < £.:,.. ... r mt. tC!'!!:: A ,· • f'f li.c,.,..+. i C'u:' +: un] ri r' · r ,,. of 2., 1) c.,. • "'' uE t •; -• o _u•L r..-, c.f: r•rtn r.-."'._ • c . . . -......:_ r._-m: r· f-1 -Ir, r .,.._:s·o__ s • + -"cl:<· r • n .... ,)':_-i,-a c, c rr.:. ' ! ~ cf _ "! .. .. c1..,l. t fr~!!':. Ttc., :. . • .,..... . ..,.., l - c. TT .... ' " to 1' .. • _ ·r~ rr: • n ~--:_c.,:r;te.. ~~,;rs __ a C"::'_rr:.,r /CVfC.,..CiMP ~ - -r•,. r . Y' (' c<, .- ,.. 1 C'i ~.:, f~P ~ft}~ 1 + f ,-. 4· .1.-~ :·.. c ft .. r re.:r.ir r .(:- +, t' r.:_-r _.... ..-,•,..1~,-r'~rr., n-_1.,:-1., n,· f of S-'-r::,,.. ode - -1 r t._ :, .:r.f Or!: t . 0n . . !: =:_r,.?.. !! r~~ p O .,. ~ f rt . ·1 ., nr'. .... =p-t _e~t. C'-:..rp'"' ~·tac .:.~ !:'.,..oc-~ r ci; ~J" •~·. Th >f+ .:.v.:...,·cra 1.:.!,.r-. _s ____ ::::~:.E. --~-~.,_:_ ,::f o..., M·• . , '1-·_c +· r" r=-~ _,-. . e ...:.."' _:,-f.. t' C' • t_tr- cf·~ ,. ft,:. , [°'l'V' • eo _/'; !:'!-T ~:~~ ~1- ext :.€ .. E." (.rt' Of ; frc:: u- r0 ...... -M c." C', (;-r•os( • S "'S fc::.: m:::.. • or+h of 01 .> +c. ' r • + ' .r: ' ·s: L' ,--L "'"' !::r:r· · C' .:._. :·c T'-'-J.t • e, .,..( r :\ - ',. "' .i., t-V-tE. ':r_fr ,;, r~!:'! ___ . . ,. •~--<-: C'ff~/'"'4,,. c.r:' t t',+t< '!"' ~:)'.:.'.:.!'ti:-· ot',~ -t.o (;c:::..c. 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C rr-riE.:rc1~ '~~"..!' f",r,r~r· l c::r.._ :Lr> h0 c,..~,.. to wr! - - cttry vis _r of th-:. a·r crrc :.:vi::. ·or, ::,· +o +h Cr'~ ,..+ C' - L.., T>:: Co!!'r·r,'·--~ "er..--~•·l, Fift~l Ar;.', h -,, 2ta!f 6ff:cs~s, :ft r ~~:c~ =. JI'~~. t~ i~spr-c+~ · r~r,.. f' t R2rrl ':- c-pr- -· _ -:- 8 n r, rr,.. J v ,..,1 1pn+[ f'()'1fr -:i,.,. ~C - t:1 r -< r· • •n-ci:-c; ll•+ic_" or +r- r~• ~r:,rtic1.i..:r,..l~r ~-:-,=r:_~!_!:.:. . .-:.,, S'...?r=-:,. ir'_+ l_"t'"c __ ~_ T.,., ~Jor- , ·_r_S~PCt +: f :2.o'.'lir.,; 'J.r..lts= Cla'"r T'li 1m~ .1 J.; 0p""r<:1.+r' J: ---,,•· re.,.·-, ( ~·::.r n•~; +h r r 1 ~~.f-1·:,1 !_-r_i:r r __ =-F-ee: __ vt t~OC'JJC" ~l1..t C"''I' :T r. ~_r., lf:th -ri,.."Ct.:-t.:on T!cr ·trJ.s. ,L"'t i.l-1n :gLh T•v· f'1lc.."11.,,..,r.:_sitc.: .. 0 -i-t"..!!_P;lr...,, ••..L ~ ""1.ri., l"'\rr:' :::;.02.y bc':tsr t.::,r &:v. T 1 1\-cr. r t.u::r.:.r:;:; t0 tr.• c-orrJ?·.r o r.~ r " r:::._,- ,..,. 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'c- ; u.c,·i•rri} T,-,i :l' ri.r c::. ra_r ".)f (rem:,r t ... oopc, "IIJ., t; __llt s~ ...,PT'~ro . c ""0. ·"-.• . f "l.r' rz~, µ-1'4-r.,.. .:..a "1_:_v·s·o!l ls ..-r+.,..01>·r .0rtl-i e,,..' ThP.,... a.,.,..,.~,. er : 41 t~,. r •. '2."':'...:.£.ro. Tbr i::th ""j .:s·cri _:_c, a+ tsl u,) b~• • 1·+~crs. TP tf+b_ ,...,.,, _ +~,"" lOtt C:0,..p~ 1:i~s t COU:..t-::.•e,. strr __ o d;;i_rr .:!"' th v..:.ctr.:.t;r of rs::va ar thf [f,th ~iv~s·c.. Lt>..! C'i.PP=l-e. :v·s·o. :_,., car-" '1 .-8t""· ::r- t ,·r -·t~· o-f: s~- r"'lc a·· i "JT'!;,. r , tor· _-1,✓ ~t +_.c- ;a·ns cf th tfth fD C:fth ")"_ v.:::·o!:S hr suit· 1:.!.P -.,..:.'.'.' ·r.. fs-.. t9. . . . 1,- mp]c:,rm ,+ ir- +p - r. Th fl vrY'(' of +ts V ;_ Corps cor.t ....ru ' to b .:r..tf ,-.:: ~ ' ' ·_; __ ' ....: +h,, ,.., I": • r mo:: t c. s 2_Y'\(" !!!i. .:.:e"re , S1'::'" -ler- _.,.,tp_' b;r .,..,.+.;llP!'~, mortc1r Fl"'1 :.:::- 11 rr""'S .,..~ a.,.. bP·~i -sncc1.~.:t..,re~. Tl1~ ':1:'(. n~v:.s·o __ ic, :_..,:_ ·~ .. "c-e:"no;; ar 1:v t t"'c:s !:'f"er caph.:rer' by +h_p Llf-:t. n.:.vis.;':'r. 'T'r. 1•·• rorps. v• ('_ is c,r..+·:::.u.:. c • ci 0 0 Fo ... f.lP"'nc'er frc~. Clark. nirt' ('r,-,~s 'ttc.c·r :r. . oc C p; r•o ., • :'.:..r-!'t of Ltf.+h 1·•ri1=1-·cY'\ li!"IO or .. ·1E" _..,.+_~cf P ,..r· r-::. -·;.-.to:' l"' < c b£:::.f r::·::.. ~o.,.. h of c~T' Croce. Fltr.- rte- "':•· ivis r •• m +r_·· t. m 1 $ + of fcerro. H'le::-"rt"' .1r::1 _ .. v·,,·o!" !OW :ri ::.iv +o"' 0 :ri·• -:- _,.,..ti 11 0 =-~ v:::CPrIT r P,A'7'"''l'T)i"_Q'"'":'."~' 'i"' 2t-, "'::.--r: le. tl 7rJ.Jnc.r tr...~s c' orn.:nc: to r.-:'.}P!'[ ~ r1, r·, +:r.. t +r, l 'th r'c,-.;i~ to Jrogr SI"" f!l- .:_s t~ l'[:, rt.1 :,r· - :. . ( mt"- ·.+--in-n!."' rY) 1 T'~ ~~g t !'_t ~ioht , both -t ~t ~~ - C. r., L1 r:,: . . -·.:V .L~ .. (;_, 8 .... f .. ..-!'Of.'.!'BC!S'2.· b,::i_,t OPP !:."l r ~ or; th<>'"' p• nf ~ 'V"!T,.. T .... c, C..., ' \ F':.'.'.'~:. ,:.; 0 o.. S ...!_StT'l"..i:'t:'...o:. h ur ·' r- C"1ctql"f"l ~f"',.,...... T 0 V rr~ .a.·' _f u~ !."1.S rat·o~:: 11 !ftPr th_ l') Cc--i:~ r:~ src111•pc_' th<> VT'T"~ - ]'('(;RP _ f'- ~,-i~•r r R'=l~ • p~sc-q:; ar • q 'v9.rc"rl u£f-=.c:n.t ~ore o to +•_,, 1J::. . s sf _:_+ ,.~::..J "J"''?SS C:!.:_ to +:r,,. Y10rth1 est, capt'...:"'i:- 'TAPTFQ P.,..,' ror+ ·:::m t½_, r ,,. '...1-'1.-'- .:..::.. e!'c' C'"l'c:!'_;;' .:.C' ,;,,...:_VN'l !:0'""'.::_ 0: +r"' Vr'T U,:' ·r. 'fll-,r. C' a l'"T' '"ore' :ft.r · __ ti!l~ l' Ccrpc _:_r._ +h:: 12a:,+i_,r- cf •p 7 -:-', , ·1 r v r~ ('. P. r~ trol .:.. •. ~TfP-FQ. '1:J. n 10 r'crps trocp'"' ha•rn ~ ('r},.,,,-, thF 'IJ()TfTlF"'"<''" J +· r ...-1ill bs r,.,.s ~0nsihl0 -!:or i,•otrc+·o_ of JfPTT'<:: i!l ·+'" :zon 0f ~ct·,...r. c:·· C'i<' fore(_ r..ot to CX".'!8€' O!'C '~r:re~e il] T'f"'"T-i!' 2-P i'JlPlli'~ ,i,-, ~ , "d -1 S; ,.. , ""•i"' 11:: tr U.S. Rr:n.;:r- ::'c.,...ce r~olir-e tr.c cit:r of •·pp..-,-,c; unt'2. "F} PV' l-:r th r~~TI•r _:_:r._g Gc::.era.1 , 82::.' ..:::.r'!::orrP ~:." is ior. T+ • r r P<' ·;-,i=- ' t __. t !1P r' r Y'\<'f' r-~ t hE :.i!"e of tb.e V LT rn .e cor..ructcrl Y ith +he- r::· _ inum r:_u.._m1 ,,,.... c::' tr')OIJC! ·.r.. f r-0 n wari' cefem:0. ll'T'l1e v· Corr " ill cont' nue its ar"vc. ~c,.,. to ~wcurP tb=, _.:.rr ,.. r::w-r::,1. ; hen this 2.ir.e .:.s securer:., tie rorp:J v;i 2. 1 c p.,.,"'pH.rE ,,.:s. o. to sec,_.,.:.'.'.'e the li:ie _R'-JT'V-W'TT" T"'ff1 A wi+:. not tc -:. v-cr _r' t nThe ;:"LI.th on !~rm~· ri-.-,er. ar..,-:- '.:,6th ons will " mcv r1 r.,... f. -c (.,... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, August 30 - September 23, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from August 30 to September 23, 1943. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1561 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/3461c2a2649c7454f1c9cf594b21e120.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=d-qeI%7EMltazWiqjnQc3P5M0R2QbCQuYYOGz91zawhzipqj-rQmbzm%7EqlUUxmdYXfi2ranIeNY2KvXo4YgODZLKaL2fQjJa0XRHEYYDyXkmi4SMQiHSYJQBOvaPX5GjK0bvfXM4tNavsCgkjHedWw35ni79h%7EhJMBfCnqh-RhyysLElEUDrmU7LVDeSAS%7ExpQwHzoEC4IquGw5JpfGo1ELFHJwlSLuhD2oAIi1IwmOZEKgGhLpKSNCVAPfBtbsChgEJcgR3VanruY6grPJZX-ziqIUpwsvq4HikpFTftLxaCLKygezXZGRZ9A8d%7EM7nmN6MAcYAC3JzEaPuXP96dm%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8c12efdc731bd9c5c07f2bc4b2fbc226 PDF Text Text "'r_ ...,._ ,~:.ih Pr~r r"r-:-.,..tc- +t•. 'c- ; u.c,·i•rri} T,-,i :l' ri.r c::. ra_r ".)f (rem:,r t ... oopc, "IIJ., t; __llt s~ ...,PT'~ro . c ""0. ·"-.• . f "l.r' rz~, µ-1'4-r.,.. .:..a "1_:_v·s·o!l ls ..-r+.,..01>·r .0rtl-i e,,..' ThP.,... a.,.,..,.~,. er : 41 t~,. r •. '2."':'...:.£.ro. Tbr i::th ""j .:s·cri _:_c, a+ tsl u,) b~• • 1·+~crs. TP tf+b_ ,...,.,, _ +~,"" lOtt C:0,..p~ 1:i~s t COU:..t-::.•e,. strr __ o d;;i_rr .:!"' th v..:.ctr.:.t;r of rs::va ar thf [f,th ~iv~s·c.. Lt>..! C'i.PP=l-e. :v·s·o. :_,., car-" '1 .-8t""· ::r- t ,·r -·t~· o-f: s~- r"'lc a·· i "JT'!;,. r , tor· _-1,✓ ~t +_.c- ;a·ns cf th tfth fD C:fth ")"_ v.:::·o!:S hr suit· 1:.!.P -.,..:.'.'.' ·r.. fs-.. t9. . . . 1,- mp]c:,rm ,+ ir- +p - r. Th fl vrY'(' of +ts V ;_ Corps cor.t ....ru ' to b .:r..tf ,-.:: ~ ' ' ·_; __ ' ....: +h,, ,.., I": • r mo:: t c. s 2_Y'\(" !!!i. .:.:e"re , S1'::'" -ler- _.,.,tp_' b;r .,..,.+.;llP!'~, mortc1r Fl"'1 :.:::- 11 rr""'S .,..~ a.,.. bP·~i -sncc1.~.:t..,re~. Tl1~ ':1:'(. n~v:.s·o __ ic, :_..,:_ ·~ .. 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T 0 V rr~ .a.·' _f u~ !."1.S rat·o~:: 11 !ftPr th_ l') Cc--i:~ r:~ src111•pc_' th<> VT'T"~ - ]'('(;RP _ f'- ~,-i~•r r R'=l~ • p~sc-q:; ar • q 'v9.rc"rl u£f-=.c:n.t ~ore o to +•_,, 1J::. . s sf _:_+ ,.~::..J "J"''?SS C:!.:_ to +:r,,. Y10rth1 est, capt'...:"'i:- 'TAPTFQ P.,..,' ror+ ·:::m t½_, r ,,. '...1-'1.-'- .:..::.. e!'c' C'"l'c:!'_;;' .:.C' ,;,,...:_VN'l !:0'""'.::_ 0: +r"' Vr'T U,:' ·r. 'fll-,r. C' a l'"T' '"ore' :ft.r · __ ti!l~ l' Ccrpc _:_r._ +h:: 12a:,+i_,r- cf •p 7 -:-', , ·1 r v r~ ('. P. r~ trol .:.. •. ~TfP-FQ. '1:J. n 10 r'crps trocp'"' ha•rn ~ ('r},.,,,-, thF 'IJ()TfTlF"'"<''" J +· r ...-1ill bs r,.,.s ~0nsihl0 -!:or i,•otrc+·o_ of JfPTT'<:: i!l ·+'" :zon 0f ~ct·,...r. c:·· C'i<' fore(_ r..ot to CX".'!8€' O!'C '~r:re~e il] T'f"'"T-i!' 2-P i'JlPlli'~ ,i,-, ~ , "d -1 S; ,.. , ""•i"' 11:: tr U.S. Rr:n.;:r- ::'c.,...ce r~olir-e tr.c cit:r of •·pp..-,-,c; unt'2. "F} PV' l-:r th r~~TI•r _:_:r._g Gc::.era.1 , 82::.' ..:::.r'!::orrP ~:." is ior. T+ • r r P<' ·;-,i=- ' t __. t !1P r' r Y'\<'f' r-~ t hE :.i!"e of tb.e V LT rn .e cor..ructcrl Y ith +he- r::· _ inum r:_u.._m1 ,,,.... c::' tr')OIJC! ·.r.. f r-0 n wari' cefem:0. ll'T'l1e v· Corr " ill cont' nue its ar"vc. ~c,.,. to ~wcurP tb=, _.:.rr ,.. r::w-r::,1. ; hen this 2.ir.e .:.s securer:., tie rorp:J v;i 2. 1 c p.,.,"'pH.rE ,,.:s. o. to sec,_.,.:.'.'.'e the li:ie _R'-JT'V-W'TT" T"'ff1 A wi+:. not tc -:. v-cr _r' t nThe ;:"LI.th on !~rm~· ri-.-,er. ar..,-:- '.:,6th ons will " mcv r1 r.,... f. -c (.,... �53 prepc:.rcc' O!;. .1'.r!:l;r Orr'l.er to move overlanr' or b;r sea to th" city of -·•.tIH"'S. All el'?E:erts of 82nc1 DiY:'...sjon no,.. v~th tri0 R.a. 11c:c'" "'crc,_., ,,.,11 p~ss to cont:..ol of CoT!'2:1.anri11g Qer'>e:i:-el, 8?:cf n°v::..siori., 011 h:::.~ ar.,,.ival in ,:p_,n"f.i'S. The Co::'J"?.Ylr-il1g 0-B""e:c-al of this '_'._visior is :Jlacp' in cor..r;:,rir' of thn cH:' of ?LPT"'S , o::.. erriva] 7 chargec1 \ i.._th T'AStorire OT''""'r P' thP p·~pyp11t :or; of r' ot-i r- 6 e,::d loot~ ng. 11 1 Gec2.Rra~ Cl.,, 1·+ helr a confsr,_,r,ce with r,.;.... .,raJ r,."UPDth0"", r.C'::'.onPl Braril':o arir C,::lcr:.Bl Fowarc'. 0 1 GPnero.:: P~ontgomPry c:,.T:river1 at PP.' Beach , '2 by boat at t>i5s morring to visit GAner:&.: Clrrk at thP FHth Jlr!";r CP. f'-enA-'al (']ark m"'t Genera] T-1 ortgomery at the beach arr1 escortPn 11im t0 trii:- r,:). r,P~ rc1l ~_!!or.tgor- .Pry's party incJunef the follcv:ring: rraj. P. B. :P"'nso:r, ...,;lctj ,.-.+.•.'= -• 1 .....,_, Ca·]:!-C,,-1.. _ _ N • FJ rhei~r/'.)C'C\A j -"n "' ('• Ti,,,,ut' • ..,., _ _, 1Vhic- · •r:>r 'J P.-~it,~h l\"l"W,' T'iln,_ Vt c~ -• ) - _ __.._ -~.:..,;. 1 Unit; Flight Officer r. P. PusseJl, C'o-Pilot. Y'"-(; 0 1 1, ...,_ J.~ · - _:...J_ ~ General ClPrk acc;1.1xinter1 Ge>iera7 ' 1"'cltgorrPT'~r 10 :i+l1 !'i~ plP17 to svrirc west ant ca~,turs 'Ta::_:.iles. C.A:1ere.l i"ontgo:rr.e 1·-y 1 s situ tior, is ~uc-b that direct support from the ,:,ighth _A_r!Jy ca•, not be P-.xpectpr, ::.r this opP.,,,.l'lt_:_o::i , as the T,'igl:.tl1 !.rmy is greatl:;r eYte.~r1 e~1 P. thei?' sup.,,,:::;• b1.1.:.J ·up is rot su.fficie!lt to su.r:t.:;. ·' n such employment. rorc"'c.u.c-r+ J:;·, r.c,,1:r-2 :•'or.tgon:ery plans t.o est "1 ti] .:..sh suppl:' bas PS • r th"- Pa 1'"_ P. ..,..,.~P ~ ,-.r" +-:, ffi(, 1 both his Tc1ctical ?_nc'1. r[pi,r_ :'er _ql1.ti.,...+e,,,..s to tlir t lrcality, ith c1 ,,·,,,.,rt futll...,e o;:ierst~ons b8SP.d o:r:: th s,;; .:.nst'llatio 1s. (;=r ra11fo:t~o:r_:·-,~: C."P :cot e::irpect to be abl to nov(: ;;r 1 cr to cctobe·~ 1st. T"i., ,,.,iL:-1t:. L~rrr;; · hopes that short}:, after Oct. lst they -ill be ablP tQ c2.ptur'"' tJ:ir a 1 : '.'7eather e".'.'..rports ir:. the vicir,jty of Fogg2.a. 'T'h assa11lt 1ivisions of the H'iE"hth }rr:~- s:x:pAct tc 1,;oncc:::tr1;t,· :-:_ +1:le follo inf~ &:tE.as , nc1 :: ow he.ve forwarr1 elerer,ts i:i thr-se ~ 'ePs: Tl"ce fith riv"sjon a··our,' hllPtia; the 1st Carzrliar nivis 4 on at ,,...ote"'z2-; t:1'3 Paratroop Br. 11::a ,c e+ AltrF1_1-=e; t}:ie 72th Division at Bari. Thr>Te has h"'E''1 slie;h+ eI1E:m;i' = 0 s-:_.,,ta"lc• to G>, the ""'ighth P_rrr.;,, 1 s ac~v2rce. ~ 7 •') 7 1 0 1 0 0 0 , .~ / x ,l'..,JS'' ~I r7, 1 "':r ::,:i~iYBt<::, early .:.::1 the:, CO!'.fe:·erce, r.erP-ra 1 c1~r1r toF f'-rc.~el \~.w<"'f 11 ThP F.:.fth :1.-m:: ::.s just a ;rcu!l~: ).rm;r t1:·ir\~ Lan" tc, r-t ~#F o,~<t4' along , w1ile ths "":~ehth p_,-.J"l~T is a battlP-tricriyefer?P, lo VC't;.l" ::.:· :p· c.:ate ;rou.:r teac!"~ i_ng l"!.S sc::m1:. of ;rour triclrs !' ('P:";P'l"al Pnrit[:C>BP"": 1--ePT"<" - ; ✓ C -., t lf.1 ~ iCP v,as broken, ar:~ a fr~er•"l;;, c0opPrativ"' be sis 7'c.S Astc.i,::._;_s-. r --1. _ or t:he c"iscussions. ~"tit"'" , ~ r::o::::t,;orr.Pr:': 1 ;.l,P -·Y ¥ -11- 0 1; ~.v::: "t;.,,"" ii#" Ti:e CO:!'.'.ference bet';. ee'' th'3 T'J.ft '.'.' anr' li'ighth .l'\.rri;r Cor:m:1:.rr' !"TS v,as 1:r-'" " r.; 1 cJock. T\)c:: lAavlr~g rr"ler:l Cla k's coI!'ra;:,-' ~· ~ ~· ve' .'.'..cle , the tvo Ger"'ra~ s were bes1.0gec' b;r ;Jhc+ 02:rarhcrs l:lrr' cory,<?s;.or:- rrf" C'.Snts v:l">o rec,.t:ester' stat"':merits. G"r,erel :'0::_t 6 n!:'"'ry S";"1 , uy·,., a·"e ;:"ir,<;/4.r"'e~r' , up Ita:,y side b!r sir'e. Where ''"8 shall 8:_JPYlr· Ch•niptmA~ ; T c'or 1t kro", ...,~r•.r" '4Jµ A v".r corresr orr'lert '-'·''mted to bet TI'-"" r rl::lilli::,::s thr-it the w· r , roulr-1 t~ V"V '1 f),0 "" • O• 70 r h:r Chr_'._ 'tni2s. I have ttl'~er, l:.ic:\ bet. 11 C-P:":<-"ral rlcri,- ~f V t~_pt :r~ 'I.._$ 1,,<Y' ✓ is ;ir.0:1-::. to h~;v.e the li'ightl: :'l_r:riJ- marchi::i.g si,1e by sic1c, ,, ;t1, tl-_e Fi:+ri fl<;:,~~~ l:.rrri;r fo,~1C'. th~t he 0,)10 :.:0:::,t;;0rr0ry hr.:1 r,iscUSS"'' rlnr.s :or k::.c 1r::.:c~ th:: ;t"'"'\l.f':,_Y Poe hr- out 'of' ~ta 1-,, , t.hr t. ' ,,,,, '~·1,bt..._, •·1,r ' thA r ; +'th t,-,-.-,,.,,r la"' - ~. ,, h8 " r~ (' ' r' lJ ... _ ..... .. -~ ~- > _... ......... .....,.,.., -·~ ..,__ _..,. --.... --c_, litater' the pros;ress o'!: th•~ T'ight~!- _t...rrn; v h::.l: ; o:::'- +1-ir dh, · : ar ·, +r~ c_ - w<& J S. t ~ "' r ~ / J Lt,.r :ft::if 't,'-• .tJJ,. ) 1 9 '' terr:in"tec, a:out tvelYe 7 • 01 ~ 0 1.•;_.v 0 ; _.._ 1.:. 0 1 ~ 4 A,_V\,; Q..;,t 1. " ' - !I,/; '6tM. -hJ:Ji 9, I JI. ~t atii.P..f' t t \ {If¥ )\'C, - ,.P _(;,\ r �tr- _~rr::· :.er' 9.~'"' :C' 'rl F"_:eth 1"11!;;' i• i+s tas 1 ,.,:~ l ,:~ f' • m.:.0 the SelE:TJ'10 bf' chbpar'. Gcrrral Cla,...k "r ~r+ ( C~"mpi· i· r • f''(ll '"r+';C'!!'."T'Y t:"ck to th"' bf'c1C'1 "h,1.t ,.."'Ir"'·r•o <i.t -i-r.- f"'P to C'" t·'..-l'"' hir !"'por+f<r-1 ........ OITrC'"'"' 0: tlr T'j : 0 •·u,.i s. calJ r upcr t hr (',..,!"'.- arr1 . - ,... r.0r t'f1 :i ; F. fi h } -rr:: ; .,. t"!er. Bo.,..!1, r' _':', Strc~. r: · "f!J. A~,.. Fe 0 ,c. ~,. ... 0rf 1 r:_p r-v the"'l'f'c' r,cr"'!'e~ Bor!l for t•v, :·.,"' ~i.,. s ,p_o,..-i h·,...1-i ,.,::-'-r tJ-m:• .,,.. "'F"" v..:.r::·, ar..~ f"J- r0rel Perr> ~ta+,y· ":!J1.t r"tc:.'irf tbP !"_"'.... t, !1 (·r : " :::_ I) (_' hl-•"'T'ple.n_ :T..:...-s·ons Frcav· ·2..a½l~, plus so.,.t·:-..s o.,., c<i.r. l'P'·t, Ger ,..i:i.-.:_ ric1-...1r rL.p __ l;· f ir..is~~d a '.:.:!lSS -:if r~:!)Ol"t:: r '1(. off:i.c.; r l p:c.,Pr', f ~ " thr '1 .:.m u l.' tr 2.;r "opcrtcl t'J Vi$lt lOt~ Co,...:ps "hE'..-ltlP a-r,c-:i. ["..prf' rr 1 tY':.Jrti_ce • TT OU<"P, "R-.. • '",. £ !.r!'..:.v·:ii et ::.oth Co-..-8 "-=, ·,,, ('T)' l:,P r.::or'"'ultN i;r•+r Br~t:i;P '~p- c;,-,,-.1.,-~ o~ . . t . . _t S i-tt1-atio!1. th,:r ,-~;,ar+ -. f'='~ l{"'\1 h ro~vs TPC (;P:, :..oc~+r~ :'AC r i ,.,t,..i Se.n r.:. r,c • "'r,...01.1.t-: r.er sr, l Cla-lr "'"'f' curt e,..,c • (;.i:,;:-,.,,..R, J1•cr...,. f ~ 1 "1 !• • T'J'. ~rhc i~for.•cc' ~f"'Ar:....1 C'lirlr tl:et c".1 '[1 ·cr . . fe'"':' <ic; :c_o+ Qt 'T'/(' "•-:_. [' ➔ hf' ~omi=-nt frrl ·ho, et r,,.,ri:-rt~ r~9.r'r'"' .... "'f}_UASt, "Uirr:-' ('"'"lE"'. rie-'·- +r t:.c. CP of t:1e l'fth T"\ivi.:: ic:n. r,.t _;__,.. ::. r1'1 .... } isCU""Sf r t:...f p-r-oc , Sf c::: t'10 0,-~.r-at·i:::"lS vr~tl (}prc-r,, •1lrps rr.r+r. ('E'lP"'fl 'fi:p(lr0r• c-th''"' i-rcr:iC' ru:-, bf''.;::' ..,,-oc-.-r-ri:::~; sJn l:r :r:t·1 hH:::..+ 0 1 b:· • r~moli~h,.,,, i,w·t1 ;;P ·::, +1 v·c·.,..,it:.r o::: rave!. Tl"J.P Poyal "'r~i~.01:re ~ar', at t~i ti!'!, &.oou+ co;>.rlr>t ~,,.·r,,' ec-0'"'3 tb.€' ;:;P_> tmc'rr rcc:..i_Y'c'.-1::S q,-.-t "J_::. .. 1;,r f·"-,..o, i:i.rir r0~p th,-, p.c-.-.r•1~+ ,..O<;,''1 cr:ir • cvn cP. ~cPer<i, "r · k0s,or+h ee'::'"""''l 1 t v i. f ,, itu· t 4 o.,. :0 !1arr., _ r'1 to ,..,,: cor~i,.~tJr~ . rF...,err l r,::_['r1• +:r~Y\ • rrt it:1 r, :( r· l W'V:)1"C, e.fter c.. c-l1c.-,..t Vff..:..t, hs taJ.1:P • TT 'i'hs 10th Corpe ~'J .,ct .-··o_: ... -:.s::..·.Jf •i+_}, thr Cpl ~r-~t ')-=-~ ''I ,..+r of: it Pr' .:s :b._s:,,r..:_!:f" ,;rs~ · "ff .:cult:- lo0~ ➔ iy • . .: ,:tu 2F .,..t · =-= ,..: 1: ~" _r._ HL - ·rtre:'.':'.ely p,..ec ip.: tous t e,.. !' lri ' l. (' r .t r O;'P"'' t . r ·- Co:r.t-s TTu: ·c:rw .,..te-rs 'i,9-'.: -t, 'C n".'1- IJ}.'1('(' " i c ·+o l r,;r r',:-r,, ,-.r l r~E Tr.."re hi:: ::_:::_m--,iPtt1~· ':!It to tb.:- r'_ tpp·l, V11.P.,...,. "A-:i.C!'a -~ r,•"•""' '"'(i 'HU.: no, V!H h [".pl"c ,..a~ Clar1r I f p2 t:r; or- .:..Prt IS ' VT re ,I-<" 0 t P :r '. r '.:) itu:.tio>1. 'rl•c T rorpR r_~ e· _1la•: __,.,' :,if :'+i,rt;~r tr 4·h,:-, f'-r ...,, [" 1T' r~ve~-, :r. .~ J;:.,I'-_..- t + ~(\ _rr a 'r") +:·!,: /, f':'" t :1 ~=al y•:T ; \Tis • C.1- f fl "'" !1:::-l -. ... T" .:..!l th ir r-ivi:- trirMrr C::.Pr 1' tJ·_,:n t~J:,~r iL. "' • n ~1- rort"li.. T1-i·c:; rr;:-0rt ..,re T""'"'t Y,('()1;''Y'fn'·.,.,;-. •rl :,.lf'&C, -::•. rr r" .... _;1': r-:::J'r"'' r, [ r c.i,..~c-tr-' r!-;r:s:r.-rl ~t:.CES t("\ piirh f'rll'.."" ,;-11 ~11 sr. py,l tc- -m.-~cl<'< " r ~C'~ps crt·~1c~T ::o ~st':) SJr_:~~ n•rr t 1.p':r + 10 :1rl"lk of +r fl~?" re1R~~·.,.. I,. tl--.!_l)t_! C'c.rps. r,.=-,..,0rr Tuc&s lS.!'l P-"o ,~,.."'C't" -10 'r-vr ~0ut"''1.,.. "0--roib-..£ to a~ SQ!, c:_v~r·!'lc i,11rl +0 err i<"~~· tn po . ., ~l:t:,r ":.:: r~-n, -·~a tVtoo.L..,:; r""'.0r~ t~l"'C8 ,..out eo +c a+tFc-1.c +]:r lp_:+ ~rr' ,...fr,.. of -!;_c ..-,r.r.:• . . cs·+··,:-,,,s l<J.:· pr0,'.';r'::"S[' G,r __o:,.=. 7 ·[½p r'q £' 1 t~~ r,~th Div..:.~•on. ,..,.,..tu.rrL1['. t0 t!_s F::t:1 _".,..rn:,' ('.:>;-Grrfral r2.a- 1 ~ cor.fr,...rfr ·.i.:t C'f'rir :•'.):rar a>1r' ('P"'1.PI'[~ r'r-..i_rr,tt_o,-. er' ~at,=--r; :·t ,;,,.,Y'P', C'0!'+i>1·pf'v' r'.;"1 "Of' ,..F"(' r.:..th ,-.E'"'P!"F.} r,.,......._,_.,,r,t~"'r ~ n. 9.::..so • ith rolo-:ir:!. -µ,.... r>''. T: . ~ folJor:i~:: ir.fe>r!""'"'t-io!':' yraR ~e~ri ~ .. +o,;-·~;'": l' .... 'Y'f'C 1 r:!"'~t.:-r., ('f' i_'nc Ge!'rr..:-." TTi;:h Co!l'..r- • J'l - ~., $ bN~ ,_, (' .!_ - ➔:-,.. i_h7..-:_+-,, t ,,+ i~.tc: + '1• + [ J l ~] r E,«- $ h .,_ l~lO :.f 2.'.)2r rrecr-r",.,rpr t~ ::_)l"P,-,~ .... t thrm"P V 8 .,.._.,.., ,,,,,-h·1.:..z,+ic.1 rf,.. ..,,,..,_ tar+'<'.",. Wl"ilt"-Y-.e'" +n C r-.r:..~ ,.;~1- +1--.tie1 (~,...r ,r-iJ.l b /UY"iC"":(r (,:_,. i'}-,c _,_ . 0 f" .... �J'" P": +:,~. r.·::_2 ~.t•rpt to ~r c,-,,.eC'18 C,,.O"'E 3.n 1 ...., l, 1':. n~ "+ i r 0 ... pf,..c + l~+·. T""far+,.._ ~ OW• C .... ~,,....,,., +' l () ,'1 _ _ :£' th __ vt .f'f'V ' ') Ol t Trr' · c-nt '0r .:.bott02. · t"'n+ er -':~r ~, 1 11:':; "ich l _f -nt!: ·:u~---1--,.;t + m"2."" :"I r.i.: of 0,UE tt". Ir-.f r+ r~r r~ c-" · vcri " "'ro1' r 0 :_-·0i_"'..':::'3S~ .;!!~1...~ r-f' to lan: c~~ tl! 1.,..?:_.".Tr. T Of- ,.:_ T 1 _:_~~4-.,.-,~+r>., ·p·i: ~rT nf thn ~G+h r·v1°·0.,., ~r.tL'lZ~a:ta rr~a. T o nc+ ·r.+ rmi. 0 .:.t :o be !cu ·b10 a cec.:.~ ve .'..rifl~~rc, or r r • C!f' Ger"'r - ·'er+ ~('l:::_0-r-;· c ., h. ~ .,. 2."'a::ar:-1:, "l -. S l. + _ +.n .• '.:l. 1 e,...t ar,.:, • a,,, corfic ~ =!:~: =- gr-4 · to c,U'"', T "'r ~ U'"' ,r t ,, c.."" ori ·t ~'1.a"l•,:i mo,+ ,. 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After tae services the cardinal receiYed General-Clark and members of his staff in tbe cardiD&l •s reception rooa. About 0900 this lllOl'ldng. a. tiM bah exploded· in the artille17 barracks occupied 'b7 ta Engineer Battalion ot tn.e 82nd. Airborne Division. One end ot tlae bull.ding was demolished 'b7 the explosion. Aa SOClll as the news was sent t.o his eoamand poet, Gene.ml Clark went to the seene of the accident and cllabed up into the ruins to see the progress made· in remo'Ying bodies of the dead and freeiJlg imprisoned soldiers who were still liring. At the time General Clark arri'Yed, there were 14 dead and OYer 50 wOUllded, and it was expected tbat continued, excavation of the ruins would disclose additional caslJ&l.tiell. General Georgea Beucler, Chief o£ the French Mission, arri'Yed at the Headquarters, had dinner with Genaral Clark .and conferred with tbe Chief of staff and theDepatJ' Chie:t or Stall about the. French UDi.ta to be attacked to the Fifth ArmT. Gemnl Beucler report.d tat there- were ablmdant . IIUlea obtaiJ'l&ble 1n North Africa but few pa-ck saddles. General Clark said that mules were needed in the ll01Dltain warfare DOWin pr.o gress • and directed General Beucler to take up with AIIG the problea of procuring Italian .pack saddles. ,. ... Iaportant •ssages of the dq were as follows: Personal tor Montg011917 tr.om Clark. "Delighted to have y-ou come Tuesday-, October 12. Land Capodicldno &ir£1eld on northern. outskirts Naples. Map ref'erence Nan two four five . three. Motor transportation will aeet 7011 there at 1000 hows. Will expect JOU to have lunch with••" �For Alexander tran Clark. #2251. '-In ageDda for Ooto'ber 12th conference one sub jeot is "T'ranafer 10 Corps Fifth to Eighth Army". In view our discussion this matter when ;you were last here, recOIDJllend any decisions at conference be cORSidered tentati.,.. in n&ture until after your next visit here." To Alexander from Clark ~ #2255. "Two LST 1 s will m eet minimum needs Arley" for Operation port of Na.pl.as. Reference paragraph 4 your SD 1812, reqast that· the;y be designated and nnt to Naples illmediatei,,. Additional three LST•s should be aade available on call this Headquarters on 72 hours• notice &IV' ti:ae after 15 Octo'ber. Plan to use all five LST•s in seaborne operation it such attack is ade. This supersedes our previous request for nine LST•s for Maple.a port a.nd tor seaborne operation." Fift h Prom Alexander to Eisenhower. #558Q (M) • •General Mark W. Clark reports that American LC'l' 's a.re being witlnrawn froa the Salerno Bay area at noon today'. Request consideration be given to delqing withq.rawal as long as possibl.e, because adTerae weather conditions and poor port facilities in Naples require maxi.mum number of LCT•s that can be me.de available tor landing necessar.r aintenance supplies. Request decision tor withdrawal of LCT•s be withheld until meeting here 12 October when craft situation will be discussed with ;your representa.tiTe." * * * NAPLES-OCTOBER ll, 1943-General Ridgwa7 coDferred with General Clark early this IIOrniDg in Gener&l Clark's van. General Clark then left to visit the c0111am post of the 46th Division and com"errad there with Major General Bawkesworth. Be then went to the coaand post ot the 5rd DiYision, north of Caserta, where he conferred with General Lucas, Commanding the VI Corps, General Keyes, Commanding the II Corps, am General Truscott, Comanding the 5rd Division, about .the disposition of troops in prepa.ratian tor the cOlling attack. Following this conference, General Clark, with Generals Lucas and Truscott drO'f'e north to an observation point in. an old monastery on a bill near Vaccheria., where the General discussed . with the VI Corpe and 3rd Diviaion Commanders the ena1111 positions which were visible. Juat across the Volturno in front of the observation pos. . Thereafter, General Clark . returned to the t Fifth A:nq coaam post where he conferred with General Gruenther and General Brann ab.out the results ot his visits. Important •saagea- tor toda7 are as follows& Fr<11 Flag Officer, Weatern Ital.1' to COIIIDl&nder-in-Chief, Mediterranean. "In order that the Fifth Ar,q...,. t.ake adftll'tage of opport\lDities for leap trog operations request 5 LST•s and 20 LCT,ts in addition to port require•nts •7 be sailed to Naplea -as s-oon as possible. General lark Clark agreed persoaall.1'." Fr011 Lucas to Olark. •45th Divis.ion has now reacbllld tbe southern point of its obJectin ud will reach 'blle remainder of its.objective, the high ground qing north ot Pontelamolfo, by the close of the llth of October." �NAPLES•-OCTOBER 12, 1943•-Early this morning General Clark conferred for an hour with General House, XII Air Support Command, about support for the coming attack. General Clark then drove to the command post of the 56th Division at Caserta where he met and conferred with Brigadier Lyon who was commanding the Division in place of General Graham, who was evacuated with a broken arm. General Clark asked Brigadier Lyon whether there was an OP which he could visit, but Brigadier Lyon said that the OP at Vaccheria which the General visited yesterday gave the same observation as the 56th Division OP. General ClRrk then proceeded to Headqunrters VI Corps at Maddaloni, where he discussed the situation with Colonel Galloway, Deputy Chief of Staff, in the absence of the Corps Commander. The General also stopped at a battery of the 10th Field Artillery and watched them firing upon the enemy. While there, the General talked to a sergeant in the batteiywhom he had known at Fort Lewis, Washington. j General Clark then visited the 7th Armored Division where he conferred and took tea with General Erskine at Fertilia. General Erskine described the plan of attack, commencing the night of 12/13 October. He said he planned to put patrols out across the· river to make a feint at Grazzanise and to make his main attack at another point on the river where there possibly was a ford. General Clark then proceeded to the command post of 10 Corps near Aversa where he talked with General Mccreery, the Corps Commander. General Mccreery -said that the task of the 10 Corps was a very difficult one, but that the 10 Corps would go forward all out. He said that to get tanks across the river would be extremely difficult until a bridge was constructed a.nd that he did not expect to be able to get a bridge in at Grazzanise in less than three days. His main errort would be by the 46th Division beca:t~se the hiP'h banks of the river hampe the crossing of the 56th. The 56th can not help the general course of the attack by advancing into the flat ground across the river until the tanks get across. He proposed to try bridging when the 167th Brigade should have attained its first objective, but as that is only 2,000 yards fro~ the river, the bridge will still be subject to hostile fire, and the construction may be a difficult enterprise. General Clark said that he had carefully considered the pos-1 sibility of having the VI Corps make the entire attack in order to turn the enemy's left flank but that he had decided, after full consideration, that it would be necessary to attack along the full front of the Army in order to keep the enemy from concentrating his forces on any one pa.rt of his line. General Clark asked General McCreery if there was any help which he, General Clark, could give him, and General Mccreery said he would be glad to have an attack by support bombardment at the first light on the 13th, if possible by two Mustang squadrons. General Clark then told General Mccreery that he had talked for an hour with General House this morning and that General House was bringing a P-40 group over from the Desert Air Force to operate out of a new concrete airport at Pomigliano. General Mccreery said thnt he had another request and that was that the nr Air Support Command be asked to bring up a tactical reconnaissance squadron, as the VI Corps was now calling on the TACR planes which would normally be available to the 10 Corps. General Clark said that he would look into the matter. Following the conference with General Mccreery, General Clark returned to his command post, where he ascertained that five TACR planes were avajlable to 10 Corps. He notified General McCreary of this fact. In conversation with Lt. Col. SuthPrland, A.D.C., General Clark today said that he was giving future operations in Italy. He �Be said that between the FUth and Eighth Armies there would eventually be 20 divisiops ava.Uable, bllt that t ... Gerans bad at least that aaey in opposition and tbat ne tbe 15th Arrq Group reached an area well. north ot Rome an attaot b7 tbe Geraana, with additicmal divisions brought in, would have to be considered. ·- The following illportant aeasages were received and dispatched today: Personal tor llontgOJ1917 t'roa Clark. #2286. "Sorry- )"OU could not come today. I suggest 7011 defer your visit \JD.tll 14 October in view of fact that our attack across VQlturno starts tonight. I hope you can come Friday." PersoZJal tor Clark from llontgomer,y. #U555. "!Jlportant I should see you tomorrow and discuss future plans as have no other opport\JD.ity before about 2oth October. Will arrive airfield at 1000 hours. Only want a short talk and then will go and see Naples and not bother you al\Y more." To Alexander from Clark. #2516. "Attack by both corps being executed Will aeet you 1120 Wednesda;r aorning." as planned. Personal to lontgomer, troa Clark. #2517. "Delighted ;you are coming. staff officer will meet you Capod.ichino 1000 hours." * * * NiPLF.S-OCTOBER 15, 1943-At 1000 hours General lontgomery arrived at Capodichino airport and proceeded to the commnd post. At 1120 hours there arrived at Capodichino airport: General Alexander, Air Marshal Coningham and Brigadier General Lemnitzer. They went to General Clark's cOIIIJJla?ld post where they conferred with General Clark in his van concerning the progress of the present attack on the Volturno River line. General Alexander told General Clark that be beartil.Jr approved ot General Clark's decision to attack simultaneousi, along both corps fronts to the end that the enenw should not be permitted to concentrate his forces at any one point. I J The Generals then took lunch at General Clark's mess, after which General llontgOlllery went into Naples, and Genera.ls Alexander, Clark, Air Ms.rs ml Coni.?lgbam and General Lemnitzer went to TAC lii•.t· 10 Corps, where they discussed the progress of the attack with General McCreary. The situation, as explained by General McCreer,, was that the 46th DiTision bad put several battalions across the river on its front but tbat the 56th Division bad been unable to effect a crossing and, on the contr&17_. llll&ll.- Geran forces had penetrated into the town ot Capua. These_. however, bad been eliminated by the ti.Ile Genera1 ·c1.art visited General lcCreery. General ilexamer, General Clark and the other officers then proceeded to Hq. 3rd Division, where,in the absence of the r.ommanding General, they discussed the situation with his Chief of staff. !fhe 5rd Division had effected a crossing of the Volturno with three battalions of the 7th Infantry and two battalions ot the 15th Intantry. The party then proceeded to the advance headqmrters of' VI Corps, where they examined t~e situation ap and conferred with the Corps Commander. General Clark told General Lucas that he was very anxious to have the 54th �Division press forward and oocup,y tba high ground to its present front. The 54th DiTiai-on, at this time, bas five battalions, three of ·the 168th and two ot the 155th Infantry, across the Volturno. · General Alexander, General Clark and the other officers then ret'Urlled to the comand post, where they- oolli'erred about the sitmtion. General Alexander told General Clark tat he felt that it would be wise not to bring in the let Armored Division but to use th& 7th, as it would not be possible to suppq two armored divisions. General Clark said he was very anxious to bave the lat Diviaion and that he thought he could supply both diviaions. He further said to General Alexander tba.t if the lat Armored Division were stopped now it aight, 'be ~hat he would never be able to get renewed authorization to bring it over, where&& at the present time arrangement& were all ade tor its shipment. General Alexander also discussed with General Clark the retention of the 10 Corps in the Fifth Ant¥, and he informed General Clark that 10 Corps would remain with bia, at least until Rome was taken. General Clark expressed gratification at the decision. !Jlportant messages are as follows: For Ricbardson trom Alexander. #2815. "General Clark is very anxious to get in United states 1st Armored Division and understands it is all set up to come. The whole difficult7 ia whether or not this extra divi-. sion can be maintained through Ba.plea. Fifth Army are cominced that . they can maintain it as Naples port is now putting in 5,000 tons a day and _have early prospects of increasing this. Clark's intention is to withdraw lO Corps into reserYe when tbe;y have gained their present obJeotives. 10 Corps will then be moved. aver to Eighth Army by degrees as and when Eighth Anv can accept them for maintenance-. In &DT case it is \lnliltely for administrative reasons that 10 Corps will be able to be moved for. some time. Tom.age tor Naples port for last three days 5700, 5500 and 2600. Total for Salerno and Torre Annunziata 4,000 daily. Consult Robertson and let me know." 'l'o Riobardson from Lemnitzer signed Clark. #2829. "Attack was launched last night as scheduled. Condition generalq satisfactory. In VI Corps bulk ot 5rd Division is now acroea- the river. 54th Division is having more ditficult7 but it bu tom- battalions across. On lath Corps front 56th Division attack was \mSllCcesstul and no crossings have been -.de in its sector. OnlT a small force has crossed in 7th Division sector. 46th Division crossing was successtul, and it is now south of Regia .Agne:na Canal." To Alexander froa Clark. #2867. "8itW1.tion is favorable espec.ially in VI Corps sector. 3rd Division bas fiTe battalions and one compaey tal'lks across. 54th, four bat:t.alions. 7th Armored and 56th Divisions have practicalq no troops across. 46th Division bas a shallow bridgehead with fow battalions across. 19 tanks were landed on beach north ot Volturno River by 46th Division. Five reported . lost by mines. others unable to advance inland because ot mines. Fighting on entire front bas been heavy." \ ) �came NAPLES-OCTOBER 14, 1945-At about 0850 General Alexander to General Clark's van and conferred about the general situation. General Alexander then left with General Pence on a tour of the docks, and General Clark went on by' jeep to the VI Corps, where he conferred with General Lucas. He then went to the 56th DiTision CP where he conferred with Brigadier Lyon, at the 5rd DiYision CP where he discussed the situation with General Truscott and at the 54th Division CP where he conferred with Generals Lucas and R1der. Thereupon, General Clark and General Luoas returned to the Headquarters of the 5rd DiTision, where General Clark had directed General McCreecy to report. After t'urther discussion there with his Corps Commanders, General Clark •de the following decision and directed that it be put into effect at once:. The boundary between Corps was to be shifted to the east, running southeast-northwest leaving Pontelatone to the 5rd Division and Formieola to the 56th Division. In this way a . road southeast-northwest is left in the sector of the 56th Division and also a 30-ton bridge which had been constructed across the Volturno by the 5rd Division. The 56th Division was directed to allow the · 5rd Division to complete certain crossings by this bridge, and the details of the adjustment of the corps boundary were to be settled by conference between the two adjoining division commanders, the 56th and 5rd. General llcCreeey at the final conference at the, 5rd Division CP expressed himself' as very pleased and said tbat it was a spl.enclid arrangement. General Clark said that the 5rd Division could now .advance on Dragoni, that the 56th Division, with the new boumlary and with the bridge now available to it, could apply its weight against the enem;r ·and that, as a result, the divisions of the VI Corps could execute an enveloping movement on a large scale, turning tu German easterly flank and quite possibly cutting off numbers of German troops who would find their avenue.a of retreat to the , north obstructed by the advancing Fifth .Arrq forces. General Brann, Fifth Anq G-5, who had been summoned to the 5rd Division CP for the final conference with the two Corps Commanders, was directed to put the new plan into execution at once. General Clark, discussii:ig the general situation, pointed out that the •in highw"1' :running southeast troa Dragoni to Caiazzo and the highwtq running mortheast trom Caiazzo to Ruviano formed what the General described as a "hernia". General Clark pointed out that if the 5rd Division could reach Dragoni, they would so obstruct the routes to the north t.bat, in conjunction with the advances ot the 54th and t}Je 45th Divisions, they might cut off a considerable German force 1n the "benrl.a". General Truscott commented that the '7th Infantry had found that the Germans were al.ready within.wing to the northwest. General Clark, explained that he hoped soon to press forward on_ the left of the Fifth Arnv position to take the high ground north of the mouth of the Volturno, called llonte llass.ico. On the right of the Fifth~ line, he hoped that the operations now under discussion would .pe?'Jli.t the VI Corps to move northeast up the valley of the upper Volturno which here runs from northwest to southeast. The II Corps, to which he expected to assign the 5rd Division and 36th Division, he expected before long to use to relieve the loth Corps, which bad been in action continuously since the landing. �The General commented several times on the unfortunate fact that the weather all day had been clC>lJdy' and that drizzle had altermted with heavy rains. This prevented our utiliaation of the air f' orce to the proper extent. General Clark told General Lucas that he could keep in mind that the 56th Division would be available on call if' needed. Important messages of the d8T are as follcmn Operations Instruction #7 • ._,14 Oct. 45. "l. Confirming verbal orders issued by A:nq Commandl'tr at 1550; 14 October, boundary between Corps north of VOLTURNO River changed as shown. {Mote: This refers to the change mentioned above). 2. No change in bcnmdary south of the VOLTURNO River. Movement of 10 Corps troops within VI Corps zone of action south of the VOLTURNO and over bridge near Triflisco - N 215806 by agreement between Commanding . General, 5rd Division and Commanding General, 56 Division." To Eisenhower from Alexander. #23M. •Bas &IO' reply been received to our request to keep one ROT of 82nd Airborne Division .in this theater on which to build a fresh division later on? Please send reply to 15th Ar,q Group with information copy to Fifth Army." Personal from Clark to Alexander. #2575. "In compliance with your 1n..:. structions I have had thorough st'Udy mde or LCT requireunta needed f'or Naples and adjacent port•. 43 I.CT' a will be needed. or these 20 should be operational so that they- can be used .tor seaborne attack of one combat teu when necessary. 24 are actual.q needed r or port of Naples and 11 for Salerno and Torre Anmmaiata. ~ 8 extra are requested in order to provide absolute llinimum margin tor landing operation. Remaining 12 will be taken from maintenance craft at time of operation. Will be grateful to you for your aid." For Alexander from Clark. #2382.. "Prcgress of attack continues to be favorable. 46th Division bas six battalions and two squadrons of tanks across. 7th Armored Division building bridge at Graazanise. Have shifted 56th Division boundary to right. It will cross tonight using 30 ton bridge built ~ 5rd Division. All of 3rd Division infantry across. Also two battalions artillery, one c ~ tanks, one COllp8ll7 tank destroyers. 54th Division bas two regiments across. 45th Division took Mt. Acero and is advancing to West. Present plan i& for 5rd Division to attack toward Dragoni. This advance coup.led with that of 45th Division will place mass of VI Corps in position to envelop enem;y east flank and should clear resistance in front of Mth Division and may also result 1n liquidation or pa.rt of hostile force. Determined resistance continues.• . * * * NAPLF,S-OCTOBER 15, 1945-This aorning Signor Piccardi, Minister of Labor in the Badoglio Government, called on General Clark, accompanied by Colonel Hume, AMGOT Chief ot Region #5. llinister Piccardi, on behalf of Marshal Badoglio,_ extended congratulations to the Fifth ArJq on the :tine progress the1 had made thus far. He then reported that a Captain Colquhoun, of the British Field Security, 10 Corps, bad come to a Colonel Bedoni in Naples and direor ed that he make a public proclamation, calling for the assemb~ of �Italian troops in Baples. General Clark revoked this order. The Minister then adTiaed that Jlarsbal Ba.dogllo bas ordered the 31st Italian Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General lleroelli, to Naples. General Clark directed the minister to advise Marshal Badogllo that this would cause considerable contusion in Naples, and that water supply-, resources o£ food, sewerage facilities, etc., were so limited that the 51st Corps cow.d not be brought in. In a .conference with General Gruenther, his Chief' of Staff, Clark pointed out that this was the first time. in the histor,y ot warfare that an Arm¥, never having fought before as such, bad as two operations a landing upon a hostile shore against determined tion from prepared positions and a river crossing under the same stances. The success in both was aost encouraging. General mod,rn its first opposicircua· G-2 reported this afternoon that intercepted "Y" mes.sages indicated that some German elements in front o£ the 3rd Division were requesting permission to withdraw lest they be encircled. This sustains the exact purpose of' the new dispositions directed yesterday b7 General Clark. General Beucler, Chief o£ the Fifth ArfllY French Mission, conferred with the Ar,q Cownender with regard to some or the problems inTolved• in the bringing in or French troops, the 2nd Jloroccan Division and a regiment or Spahis, who are expected to be the first French troops to come in. Major General Partiger, Anti-Aircraft Officer of AFHQ, Brig. Gen. Rutledge, Commanding General of the 45th AAA Brigade, Colonel Brucker, AFHQ Anti-Aircraft Planning Officer, and Colonel Robinson, Fifth Ar7J11 AntiAircraf't otfioer,. were guests of General Clark for dinner this evening, during which the General discussed plans for the employment of antiaircraft forces. Important messages of the day are as follows: Incoming message /16207 was reoeiTed from Allied Force Command Post yesterday and reads as follows: "Censorship guidance. Fighting in Lower Volturno and Capua area toughest, and may still become more bitter. Play down any tendency to exaggerate gains. Opposition is lighter on our right and little resistance to flank division, which went farthest. Trying to trace West Yorks." This morning General Clark sent the following dispatch concerning this Jl8ssage: "Censorship guidauce time date 141058 paints a picture which is so contrary to facts that I question its military value. There have been several inaccuracies in previous guidance messages. This suggests the probability tbat they- are issued in compliance with some policy prescribed by higher headquarters. I recommem that an officer who is familiar with this subject be sent here to enlighten ae." PersOD&l to Alexander from Clark. #2902. Will be pleased to have Italian Corps Commander and small staff set up his Headquarters in Naples area as suggested by you. I assume this is 51st Corps, collJlfinded by' �Mercelll. Arrival this Headquarters discussed with me b;r Badoglio llinister Piccardi this 110rning. I told Piceardi that with present congestion here it would be impossible to accommodate any Italian troops in Naples area in addition to those I have already- requested. I hope :you will reiterate this point with Marshal Badoglio." * * * NAPLES-OCTOBER 16, 1945--General Clark left bis command post at 0850, accompanied b;y his G-5, General Brann, and went directly to Headquarters 46th Division, where he met lla.jor .General He.wkesworth,- Division Commander. General Hawkesworth said that on his division f'ront he bad occupied all the grotmd across the Volturno, practically up to the canal line which parallels the Volturno along the 10 Corps front. He explained that he did not occup;y the actual bank o£ the oa.nal, as there was no poiut in it since it was under hea'V1' German fire. He explained that the river bad first been crossed by his intantcy, and he bad then sent nine tanks by sea to be landed by craft north or. the river :mouth, but the B,ritish Broadcasting Company bad announced that the Navy bad first made a ~ing north of the river and made it possible for the 1nfant17 to cross. He explained that there was a site for a bridge at Cancello and that the Corps Commander might put a Class 9 bridge there, and a Class 50 bridge at Capua. The Class 9 bridge will not carcy ~ tanks. General Clark told General Bawkesworth that all the 46th could do was to keep in contact with the Germans and keep pushing until the VI Corps, coming in from the east, could turn the ene• lert. General Clark told the division commander that he had alway-a hated the term "holding attack1 but that, in effect, tbat ~s what the 46th was now doing. General Clark then went to the Headquarters or the 7th Armored Division, where he aet lla.Jor General Erskine,. eOJIDIB.ming that Division. General Erskine took General Clark and General Brann in one tank and General Clark's aides in another, and the party went overland to Grazzanise, where the Division Engineers were constructing a bridge utilizing the debris of a bridge the Germans had builtand some pontoons and metal bridging members, Immediately upstream from the bridge, a ford was under preparation, and General Erskine explained that he was about to attempt to take across the river by the ford a number ot Sherman tanks which were in the immediate rear and which bad just been waterproofed. General Clark then drove to Headquarters 56th Division at Caserta, where he talked with Major General Templ.a.r who bad juat taken command of the Division. General Templar explained that there had been a certain amount of' confusion in the adjustaent or the bouniary between himself and the 5rd Division. A battalion of the 5oth was acta}4 west of a D&ttalion or the Coldstream Guards and was going along the ridge running northwest from Triflisco, although this ridge bad supposedly been allotted to the loth Corps. General Clark stated that he would take this matter up with qeneral Truscott and make sure that adequate liaison was. aintained between the divisions in question. General T9111plar said that he understood that a bridge ca.pable of carrying 50-ton loads was going in at Capua. He was having a good deal of �trouble with mines. General Clark then went to the new comI7land post of the 3rd Division at 23008620. General Truscott, with respect to the point raised by General Templar, said that he was clearing up the ridge in question but that when he got to a line running east and west through Formicola he would stop. He said that the Germans had been firing shell across the ridge in question and that to permit his advance within his sector, he had felt it necessary to clean up the ridge at once. General Clark directed that when this end was achieved, the 3rd Division should leave the 56th its allotted sector. General Truscott reported that his entire division was across the Volturno and that he had all but two battalions committed at the present time. The 175th Engineers had put in the bridge across the river at Triflisco and had lost no men in the construction, despite shell fire. The crew of a tank destroyer, however, had been drowned when it fell off the bridge. General Truscott stated th~t a bombing mission on Dragoni would be very helpful, and General Clark directed General Brann to call for such a mission at once by telephone. General Clerk then proceeded to Caiazzo and examined the terrain from a 34th Division OP. He was told by the officers in charge that a ridge to the northwest had been attacked about two hours before by the 168th Combat Team. General Clark then proceeded to a poi '1.t about four 1dlometers north of Cr.dazzo, where he examined the ground and noted that the ridge :in question had been taken. He then returned to his command post via Caserta, P ,Karcianise and Fertilia. Tomorrow he flies to the VI Corps CP. Yesterday the Army Commander dispatched the following message to Admiral Pewitt, Naval Cornmander-in-Chief: 11 Amphibjous operations require closest cooperation between naval, air and ground forces. The Allied landings in Salerno were an outstanding { example of such coordination. Air, naval or ground forces alone could not have accomplished this mission. Together, they were able to establish a • beachhead and then drive the enemy out of heavily defended positions on the beaches, in the mountains, on the plains. The Allied navies, British and American, deserve the hiehest commendation for the brilliant support of the \ Fifth Army landing. They played the important role of general support artillery. All those who took part in the landings will long remember and honor what the United States and Royal Navies did in contribut:i.ng so brilliantly to the success of the Salerno operations.rt Today Admiral Hewitt repl:i.ed to the above message as follows: "The Allied navies which participated in the Salerno operations are deeply appreciative of the warm commendations contained in your message of 15 October·. They are proud to have had a part with the Fifth Army and the Allied Air Forces in the operations for the invasion of Italy. We salute the courage and stamina of the officers and the men of the Fifth Army which enable them to continue an unrelenting offensive under particularly punishing enemy fire." �' NAPLES--OCTOBER 17, 1943--In the morning General Clark attended a high mass of thanksgiving in the Cathedral, presided over by Cardinal Asoalesi. The cathedral was packed with thousands of Allied soldiers, many sai.lors and a considerable number of neapolitan civilians. After the services, General Clark attended a memorial service at the Church of England for the dead of the 82nd Airborne Division. �then flew' to a cub field near •ddaloni, where he discussed with General Lucas the sitU&tion concerning the adjustment of the boundary between the 56th Division and the 5rd Division. Some confusion appeared to have arisen concerning the occupation of the ridge running northwesterly pa.st Formicola. The new boundary had given Formicola to the 56th Division, but the 56th Diviaion had not yet entered it. General Clark then returned to his command post and discussed the situation with his Chief of. staff, with particular reference to the report that Germans bad entered Formicola, after ncating it, because there were no troops occupying the town. General Clark directed that as early as possible in the aorning General Bram and Brigadier Richardson go to the appropriate point to determine wlat the actual facts were in order that the situation llight be corrected. ~he A.rnijr Co1111111LMer received the following letter from Admiral Morse, Flag Officer, Western Italy: "As I interpret my role in amphibious operations up the coast, I am responsible for submitting to my Commander-in-Chief' the Naval forces required to put ashore what the Military- require. "2. Apart .from a detailed examination of supporting craft, an opposed landing should be launched fro■ either {a) {b) L.C.A. L.C.V. (P) in that order if available. "5. Should these craft be unobtainable, I am informed by General 0 1Daniel that D.U.K.Ws are available and acceptable from a militan point of view. However, from a naval point of view I consider D.U.K.Ws completely unsuitable. I have discussed this point in great detail with General O•De.niel and Captain Lewis and consider it absolutely essential that assault craft be employed." The following is the complete text of a memorandum received by General Clark from General House,. Coananding General of the XII Air Support Command: J "l. General lleCreery 's statement to you that he is not getting air \ support, I believe to be unfounded by fact. ) "2. My Operations Section puts in long hours each day in trying to make our front line units safe from air attack and to lessen their casualties in going forward. There is attached herewith, a diagram of t - e air h support given this campaign by both Strategic and Tactical. Air Forces which are quite conclusive on air suppoi:-t. The targets of both the Strategic Air Force and the Media bombardment of the -Tactical Air Force are largely laid on by this Headquarters. "5 .. The Air Support Control of 7our Headquarters state that General McCreer,y is getting the missions he asks for, and I know he gets all the �,\ I I\ Tac-Rs he wants unless weather intervenes. J y _) \ Q, /1/V / Ir-~., 4i> 7.x oP: 16,3 / • .J/¥ ,/ . ,rt' ,.r;, °JO §v• • $1'?':.'lj'_ t I ~ v r' ~ ~ f~ r Y /1,,~v;,r -,,- .ro"J / "4. I understand that there was a little internal trouble in the 10th Corps between General McCreary and his South African Air Foree staff of'ficer and I am glad to state that it is 8'Y" \1Ilderstanding that this internal trom,le bas been or is being cleared up. /,-., Vo. cl o' t, ( l "5. This Headquarters has and always must reserve the right to reject targets from the Air point of' view. There are Jll&I\Y factors that are considered before a target is rejected. These rejections are not intended as a criticism of' the ground arms. Rejections in this campaign have been smaller than an;r so far and are not due in any wa.;y to a lack of eagerness on the part of my staff or my combat pilots to get at the enemy. "6. When my Headqarten, 64th Wing, Fighter Control unit were shot at by t he enell\f tor six days, not one man aimed a single criticism at "7. We a.re not above criticism and we know that there is always room for iaprOYement in &fl7 'lmit, but when General lleCreery states that he is , not getting air support, I am baffled. It is requested that Charts I and II be returned." Froa Eisenhower tor Alexander. #8513. "Reference Fifth Arm::, 2707 of 8 October. Your Tiews on proposal to empla,- French Horse Cavalry equipment a.re requested. * It you agree, what priority is required?" * * NAPLFS-OCTOBER 18, 1945--General Clark conferred with General Richardson, Chief of Staff of 15th~ Group, and General Robertson, Principal Administrative Advisor ·to General Alexander and Advance Representative to AFHQ •. Thereafter, Rear Admiral Morse, Flag Officer, Wea.tern Italy; Captain Everett, RN; and General 0 1 Daniel conferred with General Clark about proposed amphibious operations. Admiral Morse, by letter of 17 October~(47/655), had given it as his opinion that an opposed landing should be launched from either LCA 1s or LCV(P) 1s in that order if available. The Admiral's letter .tu.rt.her stated that wbil.e he understood, fro• General 0 1Daniel, that DUKW•s were available and acceptable from a military point of view, he considered them unsuitable from a naval point of view. This matter was discussed with General Clark at -the conference. General Clark stated that while he knew that DUKW•s were not the most desirable· craft for the operation, and when possible to get them he preferred LCA 1 s and LCV(P) 1 s, on the other band, the situation llight eall for an assault to be made when DUKW•s were available am other craft were not. In that case, General Clark stated, he would direct that th& assault be made • ith DUKW 1s. w Admiral llorse undertook to make an additional effort to get 7 LS'r 's equipped with davits, each carr,ing 6 LCVP'a which, if acquired, could take the place of DUKW•s in the assault phase. r I ? General McCreary or his combat \lDits. "8. " >' ~ �9l At 1100 General Clark received a call troa the Grown Prince Umberto of Piedmont. Among other things, General Clark suggested to Prince Umberto that it was desirable that the Italian people organize some system to take care of their ra.flJgees. In the afternoon, General Clark drove to Headquarters II Corps, where He explained that his purpose was to baYe the II Corps relieve 10 Corps as soon as 10 Corps should have taken the next high ground in its front beyond the canal. After the next advance, and when there is a straight road ahead to Rome, General Clark stated that he intended to put the 10 Corps back and drive ahead with all three corps abreast. be bad a discussion with General Keyes. General Clark then returned to his command post, entertained Generals Robertson and Richardson tor dinner and continued his discussion of the future course of operations in Italy. The following iaportant -messages were reoeiYed and dispatched today: Fran Eisenhower to Clark. #8867. "Have just sent to General Alexander a communication relative airborne units. I assume he will conaunicate with you, but in a~ event the status of 82nd Division should be settled within a few days. You are doing a grand job, and I am now trying to arrange my schedule so as to spend at least two days and one night with you in the near future. I •Y possiblT make it by the end of this week. Good luck." Personal to Eisenhower from Clark. #2986. "lfa?11' thanks for your message. Delighted you are coming to see us soon. Hope you will be able to re•in several days so that you can see Fifth Army in action. Glad airborne division question to be settled soon. Paschal has demonstrated his ability in this operation. strongl;r recommend his prOIIOtion." Outgoing message #3561 to AFHQ called for shipment of gasoline pipeline to elilllinate necessity of wheeled transport of gasoline as the arm;r moves forward. * * * NAPLES-OCTOBER 19, 1945--General Clark went by jeep to Capua where ha crossed the new bridge. On the way, he stopped and talked with Major Pike, General McCreery 1s aide, who said that a battalion of the Scots Guards have reached point 145895 (two kilometers northeast of Pigna.taro), where there was contact with the enemy. Gascoigne, 20lst Guards Brigade, bad reached a point north of Pontelatone. The 10 Corps TAC was three kilometers southwest of Villa Volturno. General Clark then drove north across the canal to a point where the road to Francolise branches off from the •in road running north to Rome. After observing the situation at a point approximately- 1500 to 2000 yards from the nearest German troops, he returned to Capua and drove along the north side of the river through Triflisco and went north to the 5rd Division, where he conferred with the Division Commander. General Truscott pointed out that the 15th Infantry was at Roccaromana heading northeast and northwest. The 30th Infantry was in reserve near Formicola. A captured Germn mp in the hands of the Division G-2 indicated that the Germans bad prepared a method or with- �drawal along the whole 3rd Division front. The Division Artillery was now firing on the road running through the hamlet of St. Angela 225040. General ClFirk <'Us cussed with General Truscott the future course of his operations. Referr:1.ng to the 1:250,000 map, he said that Ms next objectives were the hill masses surrounding Fietravairano, Pratella, thnt running northeast from Presenza.no, that surrounding Roccamontina and Monte Massico. He said that he had not definitely determined to pause to reorganize when these were taken, but was consider·tng advancing the 36th Division north through the 10 Corps immediately, to push on toward Rome. Returning to his CP, General Clark received Cardinal Ascalesi, Arch• bishop of Naples, who expressed himself as very gratified at the large nwnber of Allied soldiers and sailors who attended the services of thanks• giving at the Cathedral on Sunday. General Clark then received at his Heaiquarters the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Henry Morgenthau, together with his assistants, Messrs. White and Smith. The Army Commander also received Major General E. s. Hughes, and his accompanying staff offjcers, and entertained the group at dinner. The v:isitors remained for the night. * * * NAPLES--OCTOBER 20, 1943--General Clark, accompanied by the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Henry Morgenthau, Messrs. White and Smith, General Hughes, General Mcsherry, Captain Boettiger and aides, left the command post by jeep and drove north to Car•ua., where they crossed the new bridge and proceeded to the command post of the 10 Corps. Here, they discussed the situation facing this corps with General McCreery and two of his Divisional Commanders, General Erskine and General Templar. The party then went to the 3rd Division command post, about five kilometers north of Triflisco, via the road north of the Volturno. At 3rd Division, General Clark and the others conferred with General Lucas and General Trusrott. General Truscott explained that artillery and air bombardment had, on a previous day, destroyed a number of enemy vehicles on a road parallel to the 3rd Division front. General Truscott further explained that he had a number of battalions across the upper Volturno. General Lucas explained that the VI Corps was moving its command post to a point just north of Caiazzo and that elements of the 45th Division were now in Fiedmont. General Clerk explained to Secretary Morgenthau the general plan of the Battle of the Volturno. The 10 Corps front was flat wnhout cover, and the river was difficult to ford. The VI Corps front was mountainous and difficult for transport. However, by attacking all along the line, the 10 Corps had conta:1ned a large part of the enemy wh1 le the VI Corps executed an envelopjng movement in a northwesterly direction. The party then proceeded north through Liberi to Dragoni, which had been taken the day before, and then returned south through Alvignano to the 34th Division command post, three kilometers north of Caiazzo. Here, Gem=iral Clark and his guests had the 34th Division situation exylained to them by General Ryder. At this point General Clark aprroved General Ryder's recommendation of three ba+,tlefield promotions. General Ryder stated th."t he would give the officers their new insignia that afternoon, and the Secretary of the Treasury said thet he was greatly impressed by this ~nsta.nt manner of rewarding distinction in combat. �At a press conference, Secretary Morgenthau sfated thAt the thlrd week of the September War Bond campaign had been 0edicated to the Fifth Army, and that the jnspiration of this had had a great effect in putting this drive over the top. This was the first news General ClPrk had of the Fifth Army's figuring in the bond campaign. The party then returned to the command post vja Caserta . After lunch, the Secretary of the Treasury and his party left for a tour of the docks, under the guidance of General Pence, and then took off ror Bari by plane. Today Genernl CJBrk i~sued Operations Instruction #8, the substance of whjch was as follows: The Fifth Army continues its Pttack to the northwest to seizB the line Isernia exclusive Monte Tassaro (9629) GP.r iglfano River from G9011. The botmdt:iry between VI and 10 Corps runs parallel to Route //6, wh:i ch is allotted to the VI Corps. 10 Corps, making its main effort on its ri~ht, will secure the Mll masses surrounc.;ng Roccamonf'jna, anr' r"assjco Ridge, and will rush l"ght forces forward to seize the jnriicated rhase line ithi"l its zone. The VI Corps, making Hs ma:11. effort on its left, lll seize the hill nasses at, and to the east of, 'ignano and ''fill rush 11 ght forces forw, rd to seize the ;nnic~ted phase line ·qithin its zone of a ction. On completion of the seizure of the phase lj rn=~ just indicatea, the Fifth Army vlill continue to adVA.nce to the general line OPI (G8553 - exclusive) Alvito (a7q43) Arce (G6/~Jl) Fonte (G5206) • The gem~rnl plan to advance to the latter lj ne to e as follows: The main forces of 10 Corps will maintain its pressure and give indication of forcjng the Garigliano in the T!inturno area. It is not planned to force the crossing of thj_s river with large crossings . The II Corps, consisting of the J6th Division, one other division and certain supporting troops, will be put into action generally in the zone of action now held by 10 Corrs. When the hill mass lying between Formic and Pontecorvo has been cleared of the enemy by II Corps. lO Corps, less corps artillery and certain engineer and other service troops, will on Army order, pass to Army reserve. VI Corps, consisting of two divisions and supporMng troops, will continue operations as the right corps, generally north of route #6. 1 1 The follow~ng important messages were received and dispatched today: From Flag Officer, Western Italy to Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. "Hay 1ST J66 be retained here as vehicle landing ship through which Ml' ships discharge . Fer work is invaluable . Another LCT as relief is equally acceptable . Any LCT allocated need not be in good engjne order since c :he is hauled ahead to unload and then back again to refjll engjnes not be needed . " 1\JRT • From Comrnander-Jn-Chief, Mediterranean to Flag Officer, Western Italy. Concur with para? of your 18 1739. (2) 7 L.ST can only be allocated with concurrence of 15th Army Group . Unless craft are (temporarily?) held immobilized awaiting the operation, 72 hours is insufficient notice to ensure the necessary 6 (davits?) 1ST being collected empty at NAPLES ready for embarkation with LCV (P) on board. 1ST might for instance be enroute laden from BIZERTA to TARANTO. 7 days notice is requjred. (J) Only (2?) I.SI are now available totFtl 16 LCA . Considered desirahle thB.t US 1ST be employed with LCV(P) thus making a mainly US force under SNOAL (W) (4) 12 US LCT have already been allotted to you for operation. Any further LCT must be found 11 �from British allocation to NAPLES port. (5) Necessary supporting force can be provided from Britiah or US resourcP-s within the notice required for 1ST . (6) Your signal should have been repeated to NW 15th Army Group. (7) FOWIT pass to CG, 15th Army." From Flag Officer, Western Italy to Commander-in-CM ef, ~fodi terranean. "Your 191340A most helpful. Request LSI be sent NAPLES as soon as possible. To reduce notice, which is essential, there seems 2 solutions. (a) LCVP pool at NAPLES and use LST 1 s whether 6 davit or 2 davit as available. (b) All or anyhow 7 of each convoy of LST 1 s to carry full compliment of LCVP and include as many 6 davit as possible. With 7, 2 davit LST plus 2 LSI there are 30 Assault craft which is sufficient." "Want 2 cruisers and escorts for bombardment to arrive here on 23rd October. Suggest U.S. cruisers and destroyers as we have both U.S. FOO parties and US Air O.P. Agreed General Clark, General House (US Air) and Captain Lewis." Personal for Clark from Eisenhower. field Naples 1145, October 21." From AFHQ to Clark. morning by air." RN 9690. RN 9901. "Arriving Pomigliano Pir- "Butcher arriving at Capodichino today or Personal for Clark from AFHQ. RN 9781. "Preliminary reconnaissance indicates possible use of the Regia Academica Aeronautica at Caserta for AFHQ. Desire you avoid use of this area pending decision here as to Forward AFHQ location and that utmost secrecy be maintained as to this possible plan." �NAPLES--OCTOBER 21, 1945--General Clark called a meeting of his Chief of Staff; General 0 1 Daniel, Chief of the Amphibious Operations Section; General Brann, his G-3; and Colonel Howard, his G-2. General Clark stated that he had given the most serious thought to the best means of hastening victory in the next phase of the Fifth Army operations, and he considered that it was of critical importance to make an amphibious landing anG a thrust northward from some appropriate point on the shore west or east of Gaeta. Accordingly, he directed the officers of his staff to make an immediate and intense stuay of the beaches, the defenses and all other pertinent information, looking toward a possible landing either in the vicinity of the coastal lake just west of Sperlonga or else in the bay between Gaeta and Formio. General 0 1 Daniel pointed out that the beach conditions between Gaeta and Formic were ideal but that it was defended by 12 coastal batteries. Colonel Howard pointed out that there were probably inundations and heavily prepared positions around the lake. General.Clark, however, stated that he had determined that despite c.ifficulties, a landing must be made in order to speed the subse4uent course of operations, and directed that the Rangers and the 509th Parachute Battalion be alerted in time to make the move in about a week. He also directed that as soon as brief additional study had been given by the assembled staff officers the Navy should be notified of the time and place to which the necessary LST•s, equipped with davits for handling small craft, should be ready. At 1250 General Eisenhower arrived by airplane at Pomigliano airfielu, where he was met by General Clark. In the afternoon, General Clark went by jeep with General Eisenhower to TAC Hq., 10 Corps, north of Capua, then to Grazzanise and thence returned to the command post via Caserta. General Clark entertained General Eisenhower at dinner. Among other things, they discussed the subject of amphibious operations and appropriate landing craft. General Eisenhower stated that if he only had craft continuous:V ' available to land a complete division on short notice, he could greatly shorten the present campaign and economize in lives. / Among the important messages of the dar are the following: To Clark from Eisenhower. "Preliminary reconnaissance indicates possible use of theRegia Academica Aeronautica at Caserta for AFHQ. Desire you avoid use of this area pending decision here as to future AFHQ location and that utmost secrecy be maintained as to this possible plan. 11 To CINC, AFHQ from Clark. "Present plans contemplate moving Fifth Army CP to Caserta area on 24 October. Forward echelon in woods north of Regia Academica Aeronautica and rear echelon in building. Essential that this move be made for operational reasons. No additional installations will be moved into this area pending your decision." * * -x- WAPLES--OCTOBER 22, 1945-At 0800 General Clark left the command post with General Eisenhower, Lt. Col. Gault of the Scots Guards, Lt. Col. Clark and Lt. Col. Sutherland. They proceeded first to the 3rd Division CP, where they met with General Lucas and General Truscott. They examined the situation map, and General Truscott explained the progress of the 3rd Division attack. The ;r 1 I ' �party then proceeded north, accompanied by General Lucas and General Truscott, visiting a number of units of the 3rd Division, passing through Dragoni and returning south to the command post of the 34th Division, where a conference was held with General Ryder. The party then continued south to the VI Corps command post, where a conference was held with General Lucas and his staff and where the party had lunch. General Clark, General Eisenhower and party then went to Naples via Caserta, where they were met by General Pence and Admiral Morse at the entrance to the docks and were shown the progress made in putting the dock installations in order. In the course of the journey, General Clark and General Eisenhower discussed proposed amphibious operations to aid the Fifth Army's advance, and General Eisenhower assured General Clark every possible support. After the visit to the docks, General Clark accompanied General Eisenhower to Pomigliano where General Eisenhower left by plane. General Clark returned to his command post, where he conferred with General Gruenther, General Brann and General 0 1 Daniel about proposed amphibious operations. As it appeared that the operationsmight be required in 11 days ' time and, as the . naval authorities had reported that it would require 7 days to assemble the necessary LST 1 s with 5 to 7 days more for subse 4uent prepara~ tions, General Clark decided to call a conference with Admiral Morse and Captain Lewis on the following morning to see what the prospect was of shortening this time, to discuss the possible reconnaissance of the beaches, and to take up the question of security concerning the whole enterprise. The following important messages were received and dispatched durinf the day: For General Clark Eyes Only Signed Hughes. RN 920. "Vacancy exists in the United States for an Infantry Division Commander, and General Eisenhower has been called upon for recommendation of a Brig. Gen. who has demonstrated his capacity in combat for that command. General Eisenhower desires a definite recommendation from you regarding Brig. Gen. Eagles. Officer is not to be informed." From Eisenhower to Clark. RN 871. "Dabney Elliott, Brig. Gen., desires to visit Headquarters Fifth Army to discuss Engineer Operational matters, including troop and battle requirements of future operations. Expected date of arrival between October 28th and 31st. You authorizect visit." From AFHQ to Clark. RN 790. "Use of Regia Academica Aeronautica, as reported in your 4027, October 21st, approved on basis that no additional installations move into the area. 11 From AFHQ to Clark. RN 777. "General Roosevelt, with Col. Cherr iere , Deputy Chief o Staff, French Expeditionary Corps, coming to your heanquarters to discuss employment of French forces. Flying via Catania ETA Pomigliano 1645 hours Sunday 24 October." * * NAPLES--OCTOBER 23, 1943--At 0900 General Clark met at his CP with Admiral �Morse arn' Captai:n1 Everett, General Gruenther, General Brann, General OI Daniel, Colonel ~rcy anc° Coloney Howard • After a few minutes, the conference was joined by Rear Admiral Davidson, who brought with him Captain Davis, his Chief of Staff, and Captain Carey, Commanding the U.S. S. Brooklyn. General Clark stated to the assembled officers that in 9 aays a major offensive wa.s to be launched by the Fifth Army to turn the enemJ' left and that as soon as the enemy's reserve should have become engaged on his left, and therefore in 10 days, General Clark desired to launch an amphibious operation with one combat team, flanked by Rangers on either siae, landing in the Formia area. General Clark pointed out the fact that the naval authorities had informed him that the necessary shipping could only be assembled in 7 days and that 5 to 7 days additional would then be required to make the additional preparations, and stated that he proposed to telegraph at once to General Alexander asking if this could not be shortened. He further stated that he wished the naval authorities to state whether, in their opinion, the operation was feasible or nqt from a naval point of view, as a final determination to stage the operation would depenc on navcJ.l possibilities. He also stated that if the operation was launchec the naV;r must be prepared to land a second RCT twenty-four hours after the first was landeu Admiral Morse stated that 7 LST's, each having six sets of c,avits, 2 LSI 1 s and 20 LCT 1 s, with 2 rocket vessels, would be necessary for the· operation. He stated that the loading could be done at Pozzuoli, that the proposed landing place was difficult of access because of a minefield which could only be swept in daylight, that reconnaissances of the beaches by folding boat operating from submarines was impracticable. He also said that an Italian Admiral had reported the beach usable, from his previous maneuvers at the beach in question, but all present doubted the reliability of his information. Rear Admiral Davidson then stated that he was prepared to furnish naval gunfire support for the operation. General Clark stated that he proposed a drop of a battalion of parachutists in the aid of the operation. He also stated that the area in question was defended by 36 guns, 88mm caliber, manned by German naval personnel. Colonel Darcy, XII Air Support Command, stated that he could give air cover, that he was prepared this afternoon to hit Gaeta with 5 medium bomber squadrons and 2 squadrons of fighter bombers. He said standing high patrols would eliminate the rocket bomb menace. General Clark finally directed that studies be made, on #1 priority, of the Formio Beach and on #2 priority, of the beach just west of Gaeta. He also stated that he would furnish the navy with targets for harrassing naval gunfire. He observed that the Fifth Army staff and the staff of Admiral Morse and Admiral Davidson should maintain the closest contact at all times. Important messages of the day are as follows: From Clark to Hughes. RN 4108. "Reference Infantry Division Commander for United States, can unqualifiedly recommend General Eagles for that position.11 Personal to Alexander from Clark. RN 4097. "I foresee the probability of a landing operation consisting- of one RCT with two Hanger battalions in f I 1 �the Gaeta area in connection with attack of 10 and VI Corps outlined in our Operation Instructions #8. Estimate that it will require 9 days before final assault on corps objectives can be initiated. If Gaeta amphibious operation is to be effective and timely complete arrangements for its execution must be ready within 10 days. I have conferred with Admirals Morse and Davidson who are working out naval phase. Morse is making every effort to provide naval facilities needed. He has indication from CINC MSD that it will require 7 days to provide 7 LST 1 s needed. This length of time, added to that required by Morse, may cause me to miss opportunity 1 seek. I urgently request your assistance in expediting arrival in N aples of 7 6davit, LST 1 s with full complement of LCVP. It ap ~ears thatother naval facilities can be made · available in time. 11 From 15th Army Group to Commanding General, Fifth Arrey. RF TRG312. "Request approval visit of Major General Karl Truesdell and Lt. Col. Sethren to Fifth Army about November 1. Purpose of visit to obtain latest information on operational methods for incorporation in course of instruction at C&GS. 11 o,S- * * ,✓ ,t. * \ ('I' J vi· ~ ( NAPLES-CASERTA-OCTOBER 24, 1943-General Clark and Colonel Martin went on t ,.., ...,.. General Clark visited ,;: 9 11.l.C.. several hundred wounded men in the various wards. v ~ a tour of hospitals in the Naples and Caserta area. ,\ ' At 1000 the command post at Capodimonte was closed and the new comrr..and post at Caserta opened. General Clark's camp here was located on the vrounds of the Bourbon Palace. At 1400 General Clark conferred with General McCreery, Commanding the 10 Corps, and General Lucas, Comn;anding the VI Corps. He inquired of the two Corps Commanders when each would be ready to engage in a large scale attack for the next objectives, and each stated that his corps \ would be ready the morning of October 31st. General Clark directed that the attack occur on that date. General Clark then stated that he had determined to shift the boundary between the two corps to the west, giving to the VI Corps the easterly pa.rt of the hill mass at Boccamonafino which had formerly all been within the 10 Corps boundary. General Clark stated that the VI Corps attack would be three divisions abreast - the 34th, 3rd and 45th, from right to left. The 45th might go a few hours ahead of the other two. General McCreery stated that he would like naval support on the coast, and General Clark said that he had already asked Admiral Davidson to furnish this. General Mccreery observed that there were no British units in A amiral Davidson's forces, and, because of common procedure, it would be easier if the 10 Corps were working with British Naval forces. General Gruenther stated that he would try to have something o this sort arranged , and General Clark observed that the furnishing of naval forces was in the control of the CINC, Mediterranean. General Clark stated that once the inland attack was under way, he ;, ished to make an amphibious attack on the seacoast. General Clark then asked his corps commanders what time they proposed to start their attacks. General Lucas said they would like to start a little before daylight, and General McCreery at daylight. General Clark stated that he was recei ving some 4.5 1 s and would give a battalion and a group headquarters to General McCreery for his support in the coming attack. He also stated that he would do what was possible to get for General McCreery a mule company for use i n l �the hills, and replacements for his shortages of personnel. The following important messages were received and dispatched during the course of the day: Personal for Clark from Montgomery. RN U/6_16 . 11 27 October most convenient date. Suggest you arrive about 1200 hours and stay lu'ch. Am sending Chevasse to see you tomorrow, and he will advise you nearest lanoing ground." For Gruenther from Lemnitzer. RN 226. "Prince of Piedmont will be in Naples Monday, 25th. He is enroute to Sardinia. This message for information only, since no action required by you." CASERTA-OCTOBER 25, 1943-General Clark went to Navy House in l'aples at 0945, where he discussed the prospect of an amphibious landing with Admiral Morse, Admiral Davidson, General House, General Brann, General 0 1 Daniel, Captain Lewis, USN, Colonel Howard, Fifth Army G-2, and others. Admiral Morse stated to General Clark that an attack on the beach east of Gaeta, which was ~1 ) defended by a minefield requiring daylight sweeping and by a number of coastal batteries, was impractical from a naval point of view but that a landing might be possible west of Gaeta. General Clark then stated that with the resources now available to him he considered an attack west of Gaeta too far { from his present base to support. He stated that under the circumstances his only remaining course was to report the facts to the CINC. General Clark further explained that, according to our intelligence reports, a whole German Divi,ion was so located as to be able to defend the area west of Gaeta anc ~ had access to the beach by roads, whereas east of Gaeta a hill mass made it difficult for the enemy to bring up substantial forces. Accordingly, General Clark stated that he proposed to hold the LST 1 s, with which he hs.d hoped to make thelanding east of Gaeta, until the attack by the 10 and VI Corps should have progressed to a point where an attack west of Gaeta had become possible. General Clark then stated that General Mccreery was anxious to have naval support and asked whether there was any possibili~' of obtaining British naval cooperation. Admiral Davidson explained that he was planning a naval supporting operation in conjunction with General House who is helping in air observation. General Clark stated that he would send General Lm is to confer with General Davidson abou+ artillery fire and that General Brann would send to Ad-_ miral Davidson an analysis of the Fifth Army needs for naval support from a military point of view. ' After the conference closed, General Clark stated to Admiral Morse tha~ he was very disappoi.nted at thenaval report that the attack east of Gaeta was impracticable, as this appeared to him to be the first opportunity the Fifth Army had had to conuuct an amphibious operation against a relatively weak enemy force. · General Clark then proceeded Rector and members of the faculty Political Science. The Rector of expressed the appreciation of the city from the Germans and for the had done in restoring water to the University of Naples, where the conferred upon him the de ~~r of Doctor of the University made an address in which he people of Naples for the liberation of the work which General Clark and his forces food to the population. 0 t'i �\00 General Clark then responded briefly as follows: "I am deeply appreciative of the honor which the Royal University of Naples has today conferred upon me. I accept the degree with profound satisfaction, recognizing that it is a tribute to the entire Fifth Army and its British and American soldiers v ,hom I am proud to commanc.. "It is o great significance that you should choose to honor me, a soldier, with an academic degree symbolizing the pursuits o peace anct scholarship. I think this most appropriate, for the purpose which brought us to Italy was, in the last analysis, to restore exactly those traditional values of peaceful civilization for which your country has long been renowned . "The peoples of Great Britain and the United States did not seek this war, nor did the Fifth Army land at Salerno Bay with any desire to take Naples from its people. We ask only enough of your Italian soil to bury our gallant dead. They gave their lives to destroy German tyranny, anct to make it impossible that he Prussian beast can ever again setout to pillage and kill. When this has been done, when the arts of peac •c succeed to those of war and your fields and villages are happy again, I am confident that Italy will see a new renascence. And our army will be happy to have helped in bringing this about. God speed the day of our victory, for that will be the day of Italy 1 s peace." General Clark then returned to his command post where he had a conference with General Brann, General 0 1 Daniel, Colonel Howard and Lt. Col. Darby of the Rangers. At this meeting, possibilities of an amphibious operation west of Gaeta were discussed. General 0 1 Daniel pointed out that because of beach conditions an initial landing could be made only with foot troops and a few jeeps, but that possibly the succeeding night some artillery and heavier vehicles could be brought ashore. Colonel Darb\ pointed out that a daylight assault on Gaeta Point, with its medieval fortifications, would be extremely hazardous without artillery. General Clark answered that if the operation was successful the ground dominating Gaeta could be occupied and the point bombarded from the sea. Important messages for the day are as follows: For Gruenther from Lemnitzer. RN lOb. 11 Am coming over tomorrow, 26th, to discuss future plans with General Clark and you. Arriving Capodichi~o 0945, returning here same day. Request transportation meet me at airfield." For Gruenther from Lemni tzer. RN 120. "li.zy- arrival Capodichino delayed until 1030 because of important conference nere prior to departure." Personal for Action General Clark signed Eisenhower. RN 02%. "CINC French troops, General Giraud, is anxious to visit your headquarters, anc he will plan to leave here early Thursday morning, 28 October, and stop to see General Alexander in mid-afternoon. He would arrive your CP either late Thursday afternoon or morning of Friday, October 29th. Please advise urgently whether visit is convenient. 11 • From EisenhoY1er to Clark. RN 2183. "This message reports that 7 LST 1 s are on the way to Fifth Army. If the plan for the seaborne attack is definitely �\OI cancelled, it is requested that the 7 LST 1 s be returned for use in build-up of vehicles into Italy • 11 From Flag Officer, Western Italy to CINC, MED. i''1RN. "Operation planned for FOPJHA area is not practical from naval point of view and alternative at Sperlonga is not practical from Army point of view. Amphibious operations therefore temporarily off. Am however anxious that 6 davit LST I s anG. LSI should be so organised that they are at short call. Bombardment programme can be met by existing forces but CTF 86 intends to have second U. S. Cruiser at short call. Agreed CTF 86. CINC MED pass to COMNAVNAW. 11 * CASERTA-- OCTOBER 26, 1945--General Clark left his command post, accompanied by General Ridgway and Lt. Col. Sutherland, at 0745 by jeep and went to Vl Corps CP at Caiazzo. General Ridgway remained at Caiazzo to confer with General Truscott who was at that CP. General Clark, accompanied by General Lucas, drove north through Dragoni across the upper Volturno at Monte Margherita and drove through San Angelo d 1 Alife to the high ~round lying northward. Leaving his jeep, General Clark, with the officers accompanying him, climbed to the top of a mountain where they met General Ryder at his observation post where he was viewing the progress of the battle on the plains to the west. Heavy artillery fire from 34th Division batteries was being laid down on Monte San Nicola, and aerial bombardment was registering on the village of Pietravairano and points beyond the ridge where that village is situated. American infantry could be seen making its way forwaru across the flat ground northwesterly in the direction of Vairano. General Clark observed to General Lucas that the flat grourrl along the river was suitable for the employment of tanks and directed General Lucas to utilize the Shermans attached to his Corps to prosecute the attack. General Clark then returned to his command post and was later informed that the Shermans would be employed the following day. In the afternoon, General Clark conferred with General Basso of the Italian Arrrry, who had been Comn;ander-in-Chief in Sardinia and who had recently come to Naples to set up a Headquarters. In the evening, General Clark pointed out to Lt. Col. Sutherland, his aide, that he had been making a map study of the high ground lying to the north and south of Capriati and the flats to the west of that point across the Volturno in the neighborhood of Venafro. General Clark saia that he was seriously considering theuse of the 82nd Airborne Division and the American infantry of VI Corps to seize the hill masses north and south of Capriati and to make possible a crossing o the Volturno at that point by tanks. He would then be in a position to utilize the 1st Armored Division and other armored elements to attack southv1est through Venafro through the pass in the hills at San Pietro Infine, force a break through into the flat ground to the west of that point, thus completely turning the left flank of the Germans opposing the Fifth Army. He stated that he had directed that air photographs be made of the place in question to deter"ine definitely whether an armored operation could be effected at that point. Captain Hall, one of General Clark's Cub pilots, and Major Webster, �fatally injured. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: To CINC, AFHQ from Clark. RN 3790. "It will be entirely cor.ivenient for me to see General Giraud 011- 28th or ~9th. Please tell him that I am looking forward to his visit. Advise ETA." Personal for Clark from Montgomery. RN A222. "Regret Thursday not suitable as I am moving my headquarters on Friday. Suggest you postpone your visit till a later date. Chevasse has • olri me a..L:'.. :-om· plarn:: a n~ e ·~ven you my plans. There is, therefore, no great urgency for- a persor,al meeting. 11 To Alexander from Clark. RN 5809. "Shall be r-lad to receiv,,, Marshal Badoglio and five accompanying officers on Friday, 29th October. Shall arrange for party to be met 1030 hours at Capodichino airport Lnc transported to my headquarters. 11 To Alexander from Clark. RN 3825. 11 Attack by tird anc: 34th Divisions today has been successful. 3rd has three battalions on Mou t Nicola. 34th, three battalions in Pratella area. 3rd Division advance facilitated by strong air and artillery support. Attack continues tomorrow. 11 To CINC, AFHQ from Clark. RN 5792. "Seaborne operation planned for Formia cancelled yesterday because Navy considered it too hazarcous. Now studying possibility landing between Gaeta ancl Sperlonfa which Navy willing to undertake. This operation has many disadvantages. Impossible,; for me to decide now whether it should be mounted. Admiral Morse suggested that 7 LST be permitted to come loaded to Naples. Decision as to their further use will be made when they arrive. I must emphasize that op~ortunities for seaborne attack are often fleeting and suitable craft must be ava i lable at. proper time. Understand thoroughly importance of LST in Italy build-up. I shall see that unnecessary interruptions are avoided. You will be actviscd decision re 7 LST. 11 For Clark signed Eisenhower. RN 2546. "Major General Gerow and staff officer desire visit your area. Request concurrence of. 11 General Clark telegraphed General Montgomery to say that as Admiral Cunningham was coming to see General Clark October 27th, he woulc like to postpone his visit to General Montgomery to October 28th. RN 5811. * * * CASERTA-OCTOBER 27, 1945--General Clark went to the Bourbon Palace in Caserta where he addressed the newly arrived Fifth Army Officers, gathere~ for an orientation course. The General stresse0 the necessity for discipline in all Ar:rey operations. General Clark then went to Naples where he was entertained at lunch by Admiral Morse and Admiral Cunningham. General Clark then went to the Headquarters of the 82nd Airborne Divi- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, September 24 - October 26, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from September 24-October 26, 1943. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1562 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/f5a9fe15be9f659eb41e0fd28f714a6d.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=Q%7Eai9sAb2jSGjPm0WvQUhlAniUQQlYGxU9ORtXHm9zYigjYGu-1fpQT0WXTG%7EqTW-Zi8mcc5S4bn4UzNvhk7aXtdr4LuRJLRRdCWWooQkGWtwAX3Qvb6GkStra1GWC1eWoUSMnAgAisKOTXlOwGMtf2sYrJtgKPEm%7EtCRsydbj4xVCWY9iuAuv-9YgJoLekkkR8cvljD5sH1e%7ELcJs4ALOmd4xtEMOwptvGJ5YR13UGUgRd0kswYizoIQKWKC7C-VlWXPNtzul7en2XnG6je25%7E%7EMxi6y6JAlXO1tvbMgscRo6JrmISzZc6gGrUOeqH1i%7E9uC0HgXmGPpuTEKliPNg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 271c110ca7a4e1a107008a55ce5f2621 PDF Text Text fatally injured. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: To CINC, AFHQ from Clark. RN 3790. "It will be entirely cor.ivenient for me to see General Giraud 011- 28th or ~9th. Please tell him that I am looking forward to his visit. Advise ETA." Personal for Clark from Montgomery. RN A222. "Regret Thursday not suitable as I am moving my headquarters on Friday. Suggest you postpone your visit till a later date. Chevasse has • olri me a..L:'.. :-om· plarn:: a n~ e ·~ven you my plans. There is, therefore, no great urgency for- a persor,al meeting. 11 To Alexander from Clark. RN 5809. "Shall be r-lad to receiv,,, Marshal Badoglio and five accompanying officers on Friday, 29th October. Shall arrange for party to be met 1030 hours at Capodichino airport Lnc transported to my headquarters. 11 To Alexander from Clark. RN 3825. 11 Attack by tird anc: 34th Divisions today has been successful. 3rd has three battalions on Mou t Nicola. 34th, three battalions in Pratella area. 3rd Division advance facilitated by strong air and artillery support. Attack continues tomorrow. 11 To CINC, AFHQ from Clark. RN 5792. "Seaborne operation planned for Formia cancelled yesterday because Navy considered it too hazarcous. Now studying possibility landing between Gaeta ancl Sperlonfa which Navy willing to undertake. This operation has many disadvantages. Impossible,; for me to decide now whether it should be mounted. Admiral Morse suggested that 7 LST be permitted to come loaded to Naples. Decision as to their further use will be made when they arrive. I must emphasize that op~ortunities for seaborne attack are often fleeting and suitable craft must be ava i lable at. proper time. Understand thoroughly importance of LST in Italy build-up. I shall see that unnecessary interruptions are avoided. You will be actviscd decision re 7 LST. 11 For Clark signed Eisenhower. RN 2546. "Major General Gerow and staff officer desire visit your area. Request concurrence of. 11 General Clark telegraphed General Montgomery to say that as Admiral Cunningham was coming to see General Clark October 27th, he woulc like to postpone his visit to General Montgomery to October 28th. RN 5811. * * * CASERTA-OCTOBER 27, 1945--General Clark went to the Bourbon Palace in Caserta where he addressed the newly arrived Fifth Army Officers, gathere~ for an orientation course. The General stresse0 the necessity for discipline in all Ar:rey operations. General Clark then went to Naples where he was entertained at lunch by Admiral Morse and Admiral Cunningham. General Clark then went to the Headquarters of the 82nd Airborne Divi- �lo3 sion and conferred with General Ridgway, the Division Commander. Among other matters they discussed the employment of 1 RCT of the 82nd Division as mountain troops on the extreme right of the Arm_v. Thereafter, he inspected the Red Cross installations in Naples . General Clark today issued Operations Instruction #9, changing the corps boundary to give Conca and Mazerta Important messages for the day are as follows: to VI Corps . For Clark signed. Eisenhower. RN 2846. "Visit of General Girauct will be on 28th. ETA 1430 hours. Accompanied by Lt . Col . Dostert, Cornma.noant Roulet and his aide, Captain V iret." To House from Spaatz. #146 . "General Somervell, accompanied by Generals Gross, Echols, Cl ay, Robinson, Stuart, Larkin ana two colonels will arrive Capodichino airport at 0900 local time , Thursday October 28. Party will leave Naples daylight 29 October. " From Eisenhower to MacFarlane. RN #2779. "Status of action in compliance with letter of this Headquarters subject; "Employment of Italian Forces," dated 9 of October 1943, requested, this action must be expedited. You will direct the Italian Government to proceed with the formation of a Division for employment in combat . This division will be organized as mountain troops insofar as possible and preferably be organized about the regiment which has been allocated already to the Fifth Army, but may, if there are compelling reasons therefor , be additional thereto . 11 * * CASERTA-- OCTOBER 28, 1945-- General Clark called a conference with his Chief of Staff, General 0 1 Daniel and Colonel Howard at 0850. He explained that he had determined on an amphibious landing immediately north of Mount Massico by a reinforced battalion of infantry with two Ranger battalions and possibly parachutists. He explained that the Germans were obtaining supplies by using a tunnel through Mount Massico, and that he wishect naval funfire to be used to obstruct the north entrance to the tunnel. He asked Gen8ral 0 1 Daniel what his estimate of shipping would be. General 0 1 Daniel said 2 LSI and 12 LST 1 s wereavailable and that plans were being made to execute tm operation 72 hours from the time of the conference. General Clark then directed that representatives of the British and American Navies be sent for to discuss the operation from the naval point of view. At 0930 Lt . Comdr. Austin, RP . , of Admiral Morse's staff, and Captain Lewis, USN, arrived and conferred further with General Clark and the Chief of Staff . Both naval officers agreed that the operation in question was feasible at the point described and undertook to make all the necessary preparations to get the ships and sweep any obstructing mines. General Clark directed that the operation take place on the night of October 31st - November 1st and that General 0 1 Daniel command the amphibious force which should consist of one battalion of reinforced infantry plus two Ranger battalions. General Clark received General Giraud and several of his and, after a discussion of the problems facing the Fifth Army vance towardRome, General Clark sent Brigadier Richardson and aide, Captain Lampson, to accompany General Giraud on a visit Corps front . staff officers in its adhis British to the 10 �General Clark then received Mr. Robert Murphy, U.S. Minister, and Mr. Harold McMillan, British Minister, with Mr. Makins, Mr. McMillan's ass.1.stant, and discussed with them the diplomatic aspects of the Italian armistice anct Marshal Bactoglio 1 s government. General Clark then received Lieut. Gen. Somervell, Major Generals Gross, Clay and Larkin, Brigadier Generals Robinson, Stuart and Pence, Colonels Case and Lastayo, with Captain Martin, General Somervell's aide, and discussed the port and supply problems affecting the Fifth Arll\Y. He then discussed with Major General Echols and General House the possibilities of future air operations in aid of the Fifth Army advance. General Clark, accompanied by Brigadier General Moran, then inspected the Fifth Army signal installati ons. Late in the afternoon, General Clark received Lt. Gen. r.;:ason MacFarlane, Governor of Gibraltar, who is representing the British Government in negotiations with Marshal Badoglio. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: General Alexander, by radio, stated that w eather prevented his arrival today, but that he would perhaps arrive October 29th. Marshal Badoglio, by radio, announced that he v,ould arrive with five of his officers at Capoctichino airport at 1030 tomorrow. From Eisenhm,er to 15th Army Group, information Fifth Army. RN ~452. "l. Prepare 82nd Airborne Division, less one regimental combat team, airborne artillery battalion v ith two batteries, 899th TD Battalion and elements of 81'.''th TD Battalion in Italy for overseas movement.in accordance with schedule to be furnished by G-4 (Movements and Transportation) AFHQ. 2. 82nc Airborne Di vision only will move fully equipped. All units will coordinate with C/S, SOS, NATOUSA. The transfer of equipment necessary to comply with the V1ar Department secret letter, 20 September 1943, Subject, "Inter-theater movement of Certain Units. 11 3. Administrative details, reference paragraphs 1 and 2 above, will be furnished in near future." Incoming cable #935 from 15th Army Group requested information whether Fifth Army could release 82nd Airborne Division, less 1 PCT, in time to embark 26th November-. General Clark directed the reply, "Yes 11 • Personal from Alexander to Clark . MA706. "Will come to your Headquarters by road tomorrow, 29 October. Expect to arrive about 15t• hours and to O stay possibly two nights. I shall bring Lemnitzer with me. Party totals three." Personal for Lemnitzer from Clark. #Z215. "In connection my request for two mule groups from Sardinia, General Stewart believes shipping can be provided without difficulty." For Clark from Ma.cFarlane. #657. "General Mason MacFarlane will arrive Capodichino airport 1550 hours 28 October in C-47. Request he be met." * * �, , .r. ~~~ I l oS (;) \-.1.(P.. i.('\l'~;\oJ" ~0 1( CASERTA-OCTOBER 29, 1943-General Clark received General Giraud early in~ ~ -)/ the morning and conferred with him at leneth upon the proposed employment ,r: of the French troops which are shortly expected to join the Fifth Army in-'_,..a ,/✓ Italy. ~ ,"Y" r ~~t":") ;> (; ~ At approximately 1000, General Clark provided cars, with Lieutenant"~ " Colonel Sutherland for a guide, and General Giraud, with his staff offi- . s / ,. cers, by that means went to VI Corps Headquarters where he examined the ~ ~ situation map. He then went on to 34th Division CP and examined the 34th Y Division situation map and then went forward to an observation post near {"I) Ailano, where General Giraud viewed the terrain over which the 3rd and .r ./' 34th Divisions v1ere attacking. '} : v':I J? . j'~ :/J ,-r" General Giraud then returned to the CP and left for a tour of the ~"<"A / Naples docks. General Alexander arrived in the afternoon and had a con- ,\ ,, / ference with General Clark about the general situation of the Eighth and 1'~.j ' & , .J Fifth Armies. (/' c.., ... c.·',.t I~ ,'}. Jr , . ' , l" y,·r. , }J..- v' OP"'"\ Important messages for the day are as folloTis: '\. S'- .r .)'G- From Eighth Army Main to Fifth Army Main. RN 1136. "Cositrep /'5 7 /"({ / 1200 hours. Five Corps. Rain anc. bad visibility have hampered opera- J -c;r" v.tions during the last 24 hours. No major change on either Division front. -r'o~11. / 13 Corps. 1 Cdn Division. Relief 2 Cdn Brigade complete and brigades now •~ ~~t concentrating in the area west and northwest of Vinchiaturo aid Campobasso. o'' 4 Cdn Reece patrolling North. 5 Division. 15 Bri~ade concentrated in , r ..If' area SAN GIULIANO H 5317 with 1 Battalion BHJANO and patrols in San Massimo C ~¥ H 04.21. Forward troops 17 BrigaCle on point l.'.)~3/H '.35[1 anc: patrolling con- o ,,,., "-" tinues West from SPIHETF. Air. Day 28/29. Spitfires searched P0P0LI - 0 G \'.,'< AQUILA area for rail movement and covered thP coast north of T:SRMOLI for ~ I~ enemy shipping but bad weather hampered operations. Two pilots have not ~ ~ yet returned. All informed. 11 _,v i 9 ,.r: •✓ r \0 1V' F Or Gruenther from Whiteley. would like to stay the night." RN 1144. 11 ->t. ..Y' I .Arriving PM 30 October and ~ r,. v C- V ..> f"' ,,. -r0 vf'- ? Cable f '3883 directs that 36th Division be assigned to II Corps. 0:i..r"" •,,/' • 1"'fl' ~/ •· •,f ,, P• Naval message to Commander-in-Chief', Mediterranean, and. N.L.O. l.Sth ~,..i ")>-~ Army Group from FOWIT. "landing ship and craft required Naples area as IJt t V (\ v.,.,soon as possible for Mondragone landing: 2 LSI V 5, 6-Davit LST with craft 20 LCT - can be found locally Supporting forces - 1 Cruiser, 2 Destroyers, Nubian, Flores, 6 PC boats. CTF 86 as Force Commander, Snow in command of landing. Request sailing im.rnediately. Preliminary investigation show landine practicable." �The casualty report as of October 29th shows: U.S. Y'ounaed, ::i, 664; Missing, 2,317; Killed, 1,087; and British Wounded, 5,063; Missing, 2,491; Killed, 1,213. * * * CASERTA-OCTOBER 30, 1943--General Alexander and General Lemnitzer, accompanied by General Clark's British aide, Captain Lampson, visited the 10 Corps front. General Clark went to VI Corps, where he cori.ferred with General Lucas. From that point, he went on to 3rd Division, where he conferred with General Truscott. He then went on to Pietrovairano and crossed the ridge at that point to an observation post, where he watched the progress of the 3rd Division attack along the upper Volturno. He was joined at that 1-'oint by General Alexander and General Lucas. After viewing the situation for a time, General Clark returned to his command post, where he rece~veo Marshal Badoglio and conferred with him about the Italian participation in the war. Thereafter, General Clark received General Whiteley anct conferred with him and the Chief of Staff, General Gruenther. General Whiteley remainea for dinner. Important messages of the day are quoted below: To Eisenhower for Murphy and MacMillan from MacFarlane signed Clark. #4252. "Badoglio reached Naples this morning after your departure and was keenly disappointed that he did not have the opportunity of discussing the terms of his reply to Bonomi with you. He still urges that he be riven some expression of Allied support which will enable him to hold the six parties in Rome and the liberal elements in line and prevent them from forming an opposition government at least until Rome is reached. We are persuacting him to delay the preparation of an answer until after his return to Brindisi in one or two days time and will endeavor to induce him not to use the arpument of foreign support. In case this fails, however, we shall require very urgent instructions as to what he may say in regard to the Allied position. In his press conference today, he publically reiterated his intention to stand by the King until the country is freea. He has also informed us in writing that any changes such as proposed by Sforza and Croce cannot fail to have a widespread and discordant echo in the country, especially in the Armed Forces and because so large a pa.rt of Italy can not now express i ts opinion. 11 For Eisenhower from MacFarlane signed Clark. #4253. 11 Badoglio failed to arrive Naples yesterday so I went back to Brindisi and brought him here today. He held Allied press conference on arrival. He had some awkward questions to answer in spite of my seeing the press here yesterday. He did not do as well as at his Brindisi conference. I will report progress as regards his political endeavors tomorrow, and I may return Brinuisi tomorrow afternoon. Caccia and Riber staying here with me. 11 The following copies of papers were received from Admiral Morse (FO\HT). Directive from Admiral Morse to Rear Admiral L.A. Davidson, United States Navy. 11 1. It has been decided to carry out a landing in the Mondragone area. �107 11 2. At any t ime from November 1 , 1943 . 11 5. For ces required : 5 - 6- Davit LST 1 s 2 - LSI(M) 6 - PC Boats A many LCG, LCF and LCT (R) as can be made available. s 20 LCT will be provided locally. 11 4 . H. M S . Nubian and H. M. S. Fl ores and submarines will be placect unaer . your command, and it is hoped you will be able to make available one cruiser and the requisite number of destroyers required for supporting fire . 11 5. You are appointed as Force Commander and will have SNOAL (W) to command the landing . 116 . In conjunction with the Fifth Army and the XII Air Support Group, you are requested to plan and execute this operation, informing me as soon as possible of : ~- Any additional forces to the above you consider necessary to go with what minesweeping operations you require . !2_. Your proposed outline plan . 11 Cable from FOWIT t o crnc, Mectiterranean "Amphibious operat ion to land one RCT in M ondragone area. First 1:'ossible D11 day , M onday , November 1st . Require following ships and landing craft in N ples area as soon as possible . a 11 2 LSI 5 6-Davit LST with er ft 20 LCT (LCT can be found locally) Supporting forces require one cruiser, two destroyers (Nubian, Flores) and 6 PC Boats "Int end CTF 86 as Force Commam' er , with SNOAL (W) in command of lanc.. ine: . Request LSI , LST, PC boats , LCG, LCT (R) s and LCT be sailer' for Naples forthwith . Preliminary investigation shows landing practicable ." Cable from FOVHT t o NOIO NAPLES "B" SQU ADRON COR SOP.A 11 12 U.S. LCT and 8 British LCT are to be prepared and ready for operational service by noon Saturday, 30th . These craft will be placer unrer orders of SNOAL (W) f rom that date . 11 Intelligence on Beach North of Mondragone 11 The beach selected lies northwest and southeast of the forke d roar:s at 878820 , where there is a conspicuous white tower, and is r1 ivirled i nto two halves of 1,000 yards each, knot'n as Red anc G .:r resp0ctiveJ.:r. Width vare r i es from 4.0 to SO ~ far's. �"2. AveragP chc.rted underwater e:radient varies between 1 : 80 anci 1 :100, and there is evidence of false beaches which are almost certa ;_nlJr irreP"ular and unstable about 125 to 250 yarcs off shore. The false beaches appear to tail off at the southeast end of Green Beach. Without actual recor:naissance, it is impossible to determine accurately the amount of water above the sandbars, but it is estimated that there should be at least~ to 5 foot at the inner bar and more at the outer. 11 5. A strong southwest wind will cause a surf and make landini:'. operations difficult. 11 4. Except for the minefields, approach is clear from southwest. The peak of Rocca di Mondragone, 1,300 feet surmounted by a ruined fortress, should be conspicuous, also thEl tov~n (and tov1er) of Monc.ragone two miles to the south . 11 5. The beach is composed of soft sand, backed by low sand• cunes. A road on a slight embankment runs along the back of the beach at a distance of from 150 yards at the southeast end to 400 yards at the northwest end. It should be possible to force exit through the dunes direct or to the roan, in addition to using about four tracks which lead from the beach. "6. CONCLUSIONS: .!!!:.• Suitable for LCA 1 s, LCM 1 s and poss~bly LCI and LCT IV. unsuitable for LST 1 s. Probably £• Probably dangerous in other than calm weather. £_. A reconnaissance is desirable to ascertain depth of water. £• Minefields, unless swept, will cause the approach course to be parallel and close to the coast. 11 Directive to Rear Admiral L.A. Davidson, United States Navy From Admiral Morse. "l. Fifth Army have rPouested that a naval bombardment be carried out as a diversion to a forthcoming attack. "2. One bombardment is required from 1530 on D-1 day, lastinr for about two hours, and another commencing at H hour on D day, lasting for about two -1 hours. It will be dark at H-1 hours. 11 3. The targets on which fire is required are: .!!!:_. h_. c. Road between 915801 and 877820 . Road between 876840 and Piedimonte Massiana (9187). Coast road north of Mondragone (9079). 4. The follovling forces are placed at your disposal for use in conjunction with the United States naval forces under your command, and you are appointed Force Commander: 11 �l09 H. * H. H. M s. NUB IAN . M s. LOOKOUT . N. M s. FLORES . E~Ti ,, British" M0'$ff,, Si~Rta 6 - - 4.7 3 - 6.0 6 · ·Max . Range inch .Max. Range - 16,000 - 20,000 inch Max . Range - 26,000 yds. 4 . 7 inch , yds . ycts . *Depending on date of operation. 5. Fifth Army have agreed that all arrangements for the operation should be made direct with the General Officer Commanding 10 Corps. 11 6 . It is requested that , in conjunction with the General Officer Commanding 10 Corps, XII Air Support Command and the Air Officer Commanding Coastal Air Force, you will plan and execute this operation and issue the necessary orders. " 11 From MacFarlane to AFHQ . RN 682. "Except for some pack elements in Sardinia, pack units Italian ArJriY are organic part of tactical units, that is battalion or battery . There are no Army or Corps pack units. Italians have been requested to furnish list of pack elements v, i th each unit. Is this correct interpretation your request? Suggest that CN Hellano mission can proviQe useful information on general questions of Italian organ~zation. " Personal for Clark from Richardson . RN 580 . "Marshal Badoglio and a party of three arrive in Naples by car about 1930 hours 30 October. Please inform Duke D1 Aosta I, General Pavona and prefects of Naple~. Latter shoula provide accomodation for party . 11 From CG, NATOUSA to Clark. RN 4348 . "A French cavalry regiment w:.11 be shipped, #2121 Q priority list 4, if shipping can be arranged. Liberty ships unsuitable for animal carriers as they can not be properly cleaned up and thereafter would have to be used for carrying only tinned products to avoid tainting. Investigation of the use of LST 1 s for carrying animals if proper animal transports can not be found from MEABSHIPPII'G(?) pool. Will keep you informed of plans." * CASERTA--OCTOBER 51, 1943-General Cle.rk left his Headquarters at 0830 ana drove to 10 Corps TAC where he conferred with General Whiteley and General M cCreery. From there he proceeded to the 56th Division CP, and on the way met General Templar who stated that the 56th had made a successful advance during the preceding 24 hours and captured 103 prisoners, of whom 4 were officers and had killed a like number at least. General Clark then went on to the 46th Division CP, conferred briefly with the Chief of Staff and then went on to the TAC Headquarters of the 7th Armorea. Division near Mondragone. From this position he went forward to the TAC CP of the 151st Brigade and discussea. with the Brigade Commanaer, Brigadier Whistler, the situation of the Brigade. General Clark then returned to his CP, had lunch and left again for the 45th Division CP. There he conferred with General Middleton, who had just moved his command post to a point a short distance west of Alife. He then proceected on �\ I0 to the Headquarters of the 34th Division, which was locatea just south of San Angelo to the north of the road running west of Alif e. Here he conferred with the Division Commander about the progress of their attack to the northwest and then returned to his command post, having been on the road about nine hours. General Clark directed that the proposed amphibious operation immediately to the northwest of Monte Massico not be mounted for the reason that the advance of the VI Corps on the north was so threatening the German right flank that they would be obliged, within a few days, to withdraw from Massico Ridge north to the Garigliano River. For that reason, he deemed the expenditure of effort and the use of craft unjust i fied and unnecessary. j A_ \ Important messages of the day are as follows: From Freedom to 15th Army Group. mi FHGCT/KCC 4514. 11 9 Infantry Division will return to U"/. as arranged in MKDP251A. ~. Firures as requested in above cable will, however, be forwardea." I From CINC to Fifth Army. NP..N. "Captain Sylvan and Lt. Gen. Hodges arrive Naples November 3rd reference our 1597, October 2::Srct. ETA and lancting field to follow." * * * CASER.TA--NOVEMBER 1, 1943--General Clark, accompanied by his aide, Captain Thrasher, left the command post about 1500. He proceeded northwest from Capua on Route #6 to its junction with the road leading northeast to Pietravairano, and thence continued on, crossing the upper Volturno at a newly erected bridge at Ponte di Raviscanina and so visiting the 34th Divisi on CP. He found the regiments of this division making excellent progress in capturing the high ground dominating the large bend of the VoJ.turno. Returning to his CP, General Clark conferred with Brigadier Genera~ babney Elliott, Chief Engineer, AFHC;, concerning the engineering problems of the Fifth Army, with particular reference to brio.ges. General .;;11iott stated that phased estimates had been maae of the requirements of bridP.' i nF as far as the Po Valley; that approximately 1,000 bridges would be required for the entire advance by the 15th Army Group to that point. ~fany of these bridges would have to come in from the United States. In the meantime, sufficient bridges were in the theater for the advance as far as Rome. General Clark asked whether the Bailey Bridges made in England were completely mterchangeable with those made in the United States. General Elliott answerea that he understood the only difference was that a separate type of wrench was required for the American Bailey bridge. On the arrival of the first American Bailey he proposed to attempt to use it in connection w1.th the British bridge, in order to see if the two could go together. Important messages for the day are as follows: From AFHQ to CG, Fifth Army. RJ\T 4961. "With reference to your 53€, dated 30 '1ctober, the 82nd Airborne Division (less one RCT anc. one airborne artillery battalion of two batteries will move on or about November 18 from �\l\ Naples for UK. 11 Memorandum from General House to General Clark: "l. There was continuous cover from 1~30 hours to 1725 hours in the area H-1609 to H-1614. At approximately 1500 hours, we engaged enemy fighter bombers in that area and claim one probable and one damaged. No other contacts were made. "2. The 1500 hpur show was relatively high, since it was picked up by our Radar and an extra unit was scrambled to meet it. Any other raids, however, were apparently of the low, sneak type. "5. The freedom of the Fifth Army from air attack during this entire campaign is almost unbelievable, in fact, it has been so good that full credit for same to this command is embarrass.mg. We feel rather that in spite of putting forth our best efforts, the small air force against us, if properly handled, could cause us much more damage and worry. 11 4. We will continue to put forth our best efforts to protect the Fifth Army from air attack. 11 CASERTA--NOVEMBER 2, 1940-General Clark conferred with his Chief of Staff and his G-~ concerning the present operations and the future employment of the II Corps. The 504th on the Army right. flank had occupied the heights surrounding San Agapito. The 34th Division v,as well up on the high e;rourid overlooking the valley which runs northwest from Capriati. The ~rd Division hact reached Presenzano. The 56th was well beyond Teano. The 1•6th was occupying Roccamonfina and advancing up the hill of Monte Di Croce, whilE the 7th Armored Division had pushed reconnaissance patrols northeast of !.'Ionte Massico to within a mile and a half of the river Garigliano, close to its mouth. General Clark stated that as soon as the next phase line was reachea, he proposed to send the II Corps, composed of the 3rci anQ 06th Divis.::.ons anu Corps troops, between the VI Corps, on the right, and the 10 Corps, on the left, debouching from the hills to the west of iHvnano and pres sine Porthwesterly in the direction of Cassino. This was to be, in substance, a holclng attack, the 36th Division to make the major effort on the II Corps rirht, the 3rd Division to be held ready to exploit the success of the 36th. The British 10 Corps was, likewise, to keep up the pressure on the south. The VI Corps was to continue its wide envelopment on the right flank of the Army, pressing forward along the ridges on the right of the Fifth Army sector and thereby ultimately forcing a withdrawal of the Germans from the low vroun6 to the southward. General Clark directed that drafts of the Operations Instructions for the operation just described be immediately sent to his Corps Commanaers for comment. In t.he afternoon, General Clark, with Lt. Col. Sutherland, left his CP and proceeded to Capua, thence north to the new CP of the ~rd Division which �.. >•,·••,.Y-11'§ . E'q'ua1s -~ Brttt$(i''.':,'.~CSlf _.{Sf2@R'&l~~·- was located immediately to the south of the hill of Patenora . After conferring with the Division Comm.ancier about the proposed operation discussed above, he drove north to the vicinity of Tavernole and then northwest to the outskirts of the villaf,e of Presenzano. It was there reported that Presenzano was occupied by advance elements of the 15th Infantry, and the 7th Infantry was occupying part of the villageof Tora. The roact beyond the point reached by General Clark had not yet been cleared of mines, and shortly before his arrival the road between Presenzano and Tora had been under enemy shell fire. Four enemy tanks were said to be dug in along Highway #6 , just north of Taverna San Felice, searching the roads for traffic. After viewing the situation and discussing it with the executive officer of the 601st TD Battalion, which was acting as a right flank euard of the 3rd Div~sion, General Clark re-entered his jeep and returned to his command post. Important messages of the day are quoted below: From General Clark to General MacFarlane . RN 4292. "Request that the advance elements of an Italian motorized brigad~ arrive at Avellino about November 8th. 11 General Clark received the following letter from General MontgOlllery today: "I hope all goes well with you. 11 My left Corps (13 Corps) is pushing on to Isernia. "My right Corps (5 Corps) attacked across the Trigno river last nip-ht with its left Division and is now well established over the river. Its right Division (78th Division) puts in a strong attack tonight across the Trigno on the coast axis directed on S. Salvo - Vasta - Cupello; if this succeeds we will have cut the northern end of the lateral Vasta - lsernia . "Chavasse will give you my further intentions. able to bring me back all your news . And I hope he will be "Good luck to you." General Clark directed the following reply to General Montgomery: "Your aide has delivered your note written today. I appreciate hearing of your situation. I am glad to know that you aremaking such good progress on your left flank and that you will soon arrive at Isernia. "My situation is as follows: In the VI Corps, the 34th Division is along the Volturno River, northwest of Capriati. The 45th Division is moving up west of theVolturno in the direction of Vena.fro. These two divisions will make a coordinated attack on the Venafro position day after tomorrow. An airborne regimental combat team is on the right flank of the 34th Division and should cut the main road leading southwest from I sernia by tomorrow. The 3rd Division is advancing on Mignano from both the south and southeast. Its leading elements are about three miles south of the town. 10 Corps, on the �\ l3 west, is occupying the high ground west of Teano. They should soon readily clear up the situation to the Garigliano River. So, you see, the situation is going fairly well here. "I am issuing new instructions for an attack on the mountain mass northwest of Cassino; that terrain to be seized by a VI Corps envelopment from the east. "Am glad things are going so well on your front. 11 * * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 3, 1943-•Today the following officers arrived to visit General Clark and to obtain information as to operations in this theater in aid of future operations in the ETO: Lieutenant General Hodges, Commanding the Third Army; Major Generals Gerow and Gerhardt, Colonel Henion and Captain Sylvane, aide to Lieutenant General Hodges. General Clark conferred with these officers and took General Hodges to visit the Jr<l Division and the 56th Division command posts. By direction of General Clark, the following operations were launched during the night, November 3-4. The 504th Combat Team of the 82nd Airborne Division attacked northwesterly from its position near San Agnpito to seize the high ground in the vicinity of Fornelli. The 34th Division attacked across the Volturno to seize as its first objective the high ground at Santa Maria Oliveto and then to push on, as its second objective, to the high ground north of Montaquila. The 4th Ranger Battalion was assigned the mission of seizing the high ground west of Vallecupa~ The 45th Division had, as j_ts mission, to seize Mount San Croce, north of Venafro and then to proceed, as its second objective, to take the high ground at Cardito and Acqua Fondala. The 3rd Division had, as its mission, to seize the heights around San Vittore. The 10 Corps was to continue its advance to the River Garigliano within its sector and to arrive at that line by daylieht, November 5. At 2315 tonight, a patrol of the 504th Parachute Regiment entered Isernia and found it empty of civilians and troops. This occasioned a good deal of interest, as the Eighth Army had been heading for Isernia for some time. Eighth Army troops entered the town three hours and 15 minutes later. The attainment of these objectives would bring the Fifth Army to its next phase line. Lieutenant General Hodges, General Gerow, General G~rhardt, Lt. Col. Henion were guests of General Clark for dinner this evening. An j . mportant message today was as . ollows: f From Clark to 10 Corps and II Corps. RN 3341. 11 (1) II Corps will move 36th Division and Corps troops into following concentration area, beginning not before evening 4 November 1943: East of High,vay #7, north of River Volturno south of gridline 89 - west of existing boundary between VI Corps and 10 Corps. (2) 10 Corps units still in this area may remain temporarily, but should be moved out during the next two or three days. (3) 10 Corps will give II Corps any available inforlll8tion as to loc::1ted or suspected enemy mines and booby traps remaini.ng in this area. (4) 36th Division will approach area via Caivano Caserta - Triflisco bridge. arrangements will be made with traffic control. n · �114 CASERTA--NOVEMB'ER 4, 1943--Generel Clark, accompanied by Generals Hodges, Gerow and Gerhardt and Colonel Henion, left by jeep and went up to Headquarters VI Corps at Dragoni, where the Genernls went over, with General Lucas, the Corps Commander, the progress of the present attack. General Lucas reported that the attack was progre~sing favorably and that all elements were appro~ching their objectives, although the phase line assigned had not yet been reached. The 504th had sent a patrol in the region of Isernia. The 34th had crossed the Volturno in considerable strength. The 45th vms arpror_cMng Venafro, and the 3rd Division was prozyessing tovmrds jts objective. Gener:,l Clark then left, "dth General I odges, ~nd nroceeded to the 45th Dision CP where he reviewed t.he situ~tion ,,rith the Division Cormmmder [)nrl then vrent on to the 34th Division GP at Frata, where he went over the situation \Vi th the Assistant Division Commander. General Fodges remained at the 34th Division GP, and General Clark returned by jeep across the newly built pontoon bridge at Ponte di Raviscanina through Pietravairano and back to the GP by Route #6. There he was jnformed by a dispatch from the 45th Division that K Company of the 179th had entered Venafro at 12:45. vj At his CP, General ClArk had lunch with Lieutenant General Richardson, Chief of Sta.ff of the 15th Army Group. General Richardson asked General Clark to attend a conference with General Alexander at General Alexander's GP on Monday, November 8th. General Clark discussed with General Richardson the next phase of the Fifth Army's operations which he proposed to launch as soon as the present phase line prescribed by Operations Instruction #8 of 20 October should have been attained. General Clark stated that the Fifth Army would not pause for rest at that point, but would press forward at once - three corps abreast VI on the rieht, II in the middle and X on the left. The object of this operation was to continue the turning of the Germans' left flank and the occupation of the hieh ground on the right of the Fifth Army line. The directive for this operation was issued on November 4, 1943 as Operations Instruction #9. It ordered that the objective of the VI Corps, made up or the 34th and 45th Divisions, 504th Parachute Regiment and 1st and 4th Ranger Battalions, and II Corps, made up of the 3rd and 36th Divisions, be the large hill mass running from Cassino, on the southeast, up to Casalattico on the northwest and bounded on the northeast by the road running through Belmonte and, southwest, by Piedimonte, Castrocielo Roccaseoca. This objective was divided between the corps by a line running from the junction of the Secca River with the Rapido River up to the village of Terelle, and thence running westerly to a point just south of Roccasecca. This aITangement gave the northerly, And slight• ly larger, portion of the objective to the VI Corps and the southerly remainder to the II Corps. The 10 Corps was to keep up the pressure along the line of the lower Garigliano and be prepared to force a crossing of the river. The.attack was to be launched as soon as the Army should have reached the preceding phase line laid down in Operations Instruction #8. Progress toward the attainment or this phase line, which was the objective of the operations of November 3, 4 and 5, is now being made. General Richardson stated that the estimate of the 15th Army Group Intelligence was that the Germans would attempt to establish a "winter line" in the �hills to the west of the Garigliano and north and a little east of Cassino and , that a heavy attack in considerable force would be necessary to break through it. He further stated that the Army Group Commander felt that the advance to Rome would be slow and costly unless the necessary naval support for amphibious operations were forthcoming and stated that conceivably it might be necessary for the 15th A:rrny Group to hold their present positions rather than attempt to take Rome without the necessary naval support. General Clark stated unequivocally that the Fifth Army was prepared to continue its advance upon and to take ~ A Rome regardless of naval support, although he recognized the great advantage to v ✓ be derived from amphibious operations. J 'l t1 V' \" 7 ~ ,.. General Clark further stated that, in his opinion, by determined effort the war could be won in this theater. General Richardson said that he agreed and that the Balkan situation could be exploited to great advantage from the po- ) sitions gained in Italy if only sufficient naval and land forces could be made available. General Richardson further stated that 15th Army Group intended to issue orders to the Eighth Army to advance on Rome. General Clark asked whether this meant that Eighth Army was intended to take Rome. General Richardson said , that of course they were not able to· do that. General Clark repeated that the J, Fifth Army was able to do it and intended to do so. /( I On November 3rd, Fifth Army G-2 had reported considerable.motor movement behind the German lines and estimated that an additional division had come in. This estimate was confirmed today when the 34th Division captured prisoners belonging to the German 305th Division. In addition, the presence of another German Division, the 94th, opposite the Fifth Army, was verified. General Clark received the CINC, MED, Admiral Cunningham, together with Lieutenant General Sir Humphrey Gale, Chief Administrative Officer, AFHQ; Lieutenant General Georges. Patton, Jr., Commanding General, Seventh Army; Major General Nicol, Chief Signal Officer, AFHQ; Rear Admiral Morse, Flag Officer, Western Italy; Major General Ridgway, Commanding the g2nd Airborne Division; Brigadier General Pence, Commanding the Peninsular Base Section. General Clark had a private discussion with Admiral Cunningham. Admiral Cunningham said that he understood that General Clark was dissatisfied with the naval situation, and particularly with the cooperation of the navy in proposed amphibious operations. General Clark said frankly that this was so; that he \ did not lay this at the feet of Admiral Morse, but felt that Admiral Davidson of the American Navy had not, in this matter, shown as much enterprise as he might have. Admiral Cunnineham said that he thought th~t amphibious operations farther up the west coast were practicable and that the crnft would be available for them. He asked General Clark what the General thought of Admiral Lowry as ~aval Commander jn such operations. General Clark said that he thought he \vould do admirably, and Admiral Cunnin~hrim said thct he intended to put Mm in charge. The Admiral asked General Clark where the rlanning should be done for such operations, and Genernl Clark replied that it should be done r:ieht here at Fifth Arny Headquarters. Important messages received anc dispatched today are as follows: The press communique for today: �"On the northern sector of Ei~hth Army front heavy fighting took place in area of San Sa.lvo. Enemy used tanks a.nd fought strongly in his endeavor to block our advance to the northwest. Elsewhere good progress was made. Further crossings over River Trigno were established. Castel Petra.so was captured. "Satisfactory advances were made by troops of the Fifth Army. In the western coastal sector the important Monte Massico feature was captured and our troops astride the main road near Sessa Aurunca. Further north more commanding heights were taken and the enemy forced westwards. In addition to taking Sessa. Aurunca, our troops hold Roccamonfina and Presenzano." Personal to Alexander from Clark. RN 4.356. "Progress VI Corps coordinated attack today most gratifying. 34th Division has eight battelions across Volturno. 45th Division captured Vena.fro • .3rd Divjsion occupies Mt. Cessima and has one battalion vicinity Campozillone. Ranger Battalion two kilometres southwest San Pietro. 10 Corps patrols making good progress northwest of Mt. ~assico and Mt. Mattone. 504th Parachute infantry patrols entered Isernia today. They reported town unoccupied." From 15th Army Group to Fifth Army PRO for Phillips. RN 4410. "General McClure arrjving Naples by courier plane 1600 hours 5 November. Request you meet him." From VI Corps to CG, Fifth Army. RN NIL. "G-2 Sitrep as of 041200A November 1943. During the afternoon .3 November enemy resistance was light except on our extreme left front where the enemy strongly contested our advance toward Mignano with MG Mortar and Arty Fire from positions N and S of Hwy 6. Our initial attack across the Volturno was met by light resistance but as the attack progressed the enemy fought stubbornly at critical points. Our patrols entered VENAFRO at 041245A and A Company was reported to have passed the town by 041345A. Our patrols which entered ISERNIA at 0.32315A reported town clear of hostile troops. Section of road between ISERNIA and FORNELL! blown bv our engineers at 040400A." * * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 5, 1943--This morning General Clark received at his CP Maj. Gen. Bedell Smith, Chief of Staff, AFHQ, Brig. Gen. Myer, Commander Butcher and Colonel Ramsay. General Clark's sources of intell:i.gence reported to him today that two German combat teams of the Herman Goering Regiment, making up a combat group, were located in the vicinity of Mignano in the way of the advance of the 3rd Division. General Clark, therefore, determined to make a drive southwesterly from Venafro, cutting Route #6 and thereby possibly eliminating the only practicable route by which the German combat group could supply itself and over vtich it could retreat to escape the trap thus set. At the sam'3 time, a successful drive in the direction of San Pietro would open the flat ground to the west of that point to possible tank action. The Army Cormnander summoned his Chief of Staff, his G-3 and G-2 and an- �nounced to them this decision. He then telephoned to the Commanders of the VI and 10 Corps and directed them to meet him on Route #6 in order that he might, with a minimum of loss of time, outline the proposed operation. He proceeded out by jeep and met the two Corps Commanders at the intersection of the rood running into Route #6 from Riardo. He then directed that the plan described above be put into effect as follows: During the night of November 5-6, the 30th Infantry was to entruck and proceed from Presenzano, its present location, via Route #85,to a point five kilometers south of Vena.fro. Thence jt would attack at dawn through the hills to the west. At the same time, the balance of the 3rd Division would continue its advance northward on Mignano. During the evening, General Clark, in explaining the Army situation to his Senior A.D.c., stated that he was disappointed in the slowness of 10 .Corps in reachin~ the phase line prescribed in Operations Instruction #8 which followed roughly the line of the Garigliano as far as a point just west of San Ambrozio and then ran in a general northeasterly direction to Cardito. General Clark spoke of the fact that the 10 Corps was in some places several miles short of its part of this objective, which included the front between Route #6 and the sea. Later in the evening, General Clark and General Gruenther walked to the head of the cascades at Caserta to observe the progress or an air raid over Naples. Inquiry of G-4 showed that a Quartermaster Warehouse on Pier Kin Naples Harbor was set afire, resulting in a loss of about 700 tons of quartermaster class 2 and class 4 supplies, among which the most serious loss was 450 tons of woolen cargo and blankets. An Army transport service ship was damaged, and an LOT, loaded with ammunition, was destroyed. Important messages are as follows: To Wolfe from Clark. RN 5004. November approved. Advise ETA." "Your visit this Headquarters about 8 From Eisenhower personal to Clark. RN 6880. "Air Vice Marshal Foster from Joint Staff Mission is arriving Naples Sunday, 7 November, and I am most anxious that he should see you. Feeling sure that you would put him up for the night, I have told Foster to cable you tomorrow his ETA." * * * CASERTA••NOVEMBER 6, 1943--General Clark conferred with Colonel Hodges, British Military Attache to Brazil and, afterwards, with Brigadier General McClure, Chief of the Information and Censorship Section, AFHQ. General Clark then went by jeep through Capua north to the Jrd Division command post in the vicinity of the junction of Route #6 and the road running northeast through Presenzano. In the absence of the Division Commander, General Clark discussed the situation with the Division Chief of Staff, who stated that the leading battalion of the 30th Infantry had reached a point a little south of San Pietro Infine, pursuant to its orders to take the high ground immediately to the southwest of that village. Other elements of the 3rd Division were working northward into the �heights southwest of Mignano. Some 3rd Division tanks had received fire from Mignano the preceding njght. A patrol to the high ground known as Monte Ro• tondo, just southeast of San Pietro Infine, has reported this height unoccupied. No troops were in Mignano yet. General Clark then drove northward in his jeep, leaving the radio and po• lice jeeps behind, untjl he reached a point ~bout two kilometers southeast of Mignano. He was able to observe the town, and to the north the village of San Pietro. Re then returned to the Presenzano road and drove to Headquarters of the 45th Division just northeast of that village. Here he discussed the situa• tion with General Middleton, the Division Commander, with General Truscott, 3rd Division Col!ll118.nder, who was present, and also with General Gerhardt. General Middleton then joined General Clark in his jeep and the General drove north up Route 85 to a point near Roccapipirozzi, where General Clark visited the Headquarters, 30th Infantry and examined the ground over which its attack to the west was being conducted. General Clark then continued with General Middleton across the flats south of Venafro, along the road under shell fire from German batteries to the northeast and arrived At the village of Venafro which was receiving casual enemy shell fire. General Clark proceeded northeast of the village a short djstance to the command post o~ the 179th Infantry on the lower slopes of ffonte San Croce, the upper part of which was occupied by the Germans. After discussing the s ituation with Colonel Kammerer, former G-3 of the Fifth Army, now commanding that regiment, General Clark, with G-eneral Middleton, went back through the village of Venafro to the west to the CP of the 180th Infantry. This CP had just been moved to the lower slores of Monte Corvo, as shell fire a short time before had hit an ammunition truck in the former CP a few hundred yards to the east. Here, General Clark and General Middleton conferred with the Regimental Commander, Lt. Col. Delaney,and observed the enemy shelling of the road running southward across the flats. The General then returned to his jeep and drove southward across the Venafro flats, leaving General Middleton at the Fresenzano road, and stopping to visit the 94th Evacuation Hospital which had been set up the evening before and which had already received a number of wounded from shell fire and mines in the fighting around Venafro earlier in the day. Thereafter, General Clark returned to his CP. An important message dispatched today read a.s follows: From Clark personal for Alexander. RN 4386. "Information brought back today by representatives this Headquarters to AFRQ for conference re movement French troops indicates that based on priority number assigned by your headquarters French Corps cannot begin movement prior to 1 January. Urgently recom• mend as operational necessity that 2nd Moroccan Division reinforced with essen• tial services, one group of tabors and two mule pack companies be assigned priority number which will insur~ its arrival Naples beginning 17 November and closing not later than 7 December. Such movement must not affect scheduled shipment of other units Fifth Army Already assigned priority numbers. Estima.• ted strength this division reinforced is 23,000 personnel, 4,000 vehicles and 1,500 animals. Widening front of Fifth Army will soon necessitate committing all divisions available leaving no reserve for relief or reinforcement. Tactical situation demands prompt arrival of additional division. French 2nd Moroccan Division is most readily available. It can start loading immediately." From Fifth Army to 15th Army Group. RN 4428. "Consider undesirable French Forces, Fifth Army, have any direct radio circuits to Algiers. All traffic �should pass through this Headquarters for transmission over existing facilities.0 * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 7, 1943--The operations of this day consisted in slow progress toward the phase line established in Operations Instruction #8 by the several divisions on the Fifth A:rmy front. The 141st Combat Team, part of the 36th Division, moved forvrard to the vicinity of Pietrarnalara. In the morning, General Clark conferred with his Chief of Staff and his G-3 concerning the progress of the current operations. He then recorded broadcasts for the American Red Cross and for the British Broadcasting Corporation. In the afternoon, he drove to Naples and inspected the rest camp now occupied by troops from the 3rd Infantry Division. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: From VI Corps to CG, Fifth Army. NRN. 1•Enemy has continued determ5 ned defense and has clearly indicated that he will not give up his positions without a hard fight. He has employed every means at his disposal to prevent our gaining access to the commanding terrain he ·is holding. Otherwise the enemy position has been dented in vicinity of Mignano but the enemy appears to be dug in on the favorable Mount Sa.mrnucro positions overlooking San Pietro (H-9716) and hwy. 6. An enemy counterattack launched late 6 November :in the 34th Division area was broken up during the night. Artillery fire was reported heavy and accurate. Enemy aircraft was very active. A second captured map confirms the loetJtion of enemy divisional boundaries with slight variation. 6 Co 9 PGR rpt PGB identified NW of Pozzilli. 0 From 10 Corps Main to Fifth A:rrrry. RN 0583. "Sitrep timed 2100 hours. Hard fighting for Camino feature continued throughout the day against strong enemy opposition consisting of heavy shelling numerous machine gun posts blasted out of rook which are almost impervious to shellfire. 56th Division, 201st Gds Br:igade, 6th Gren Gds on Pt 819, G95OO75 commenced mopping up the enemy in area A955O72, G955O82, considerable fighting in these areas all day. 2 Sg started move to 6th Gren Gds area at 1800 hours. Irttention to continue attack to 2nd objective G94OO76. 3 Coldm Gds called for defensive fire on 150 enemy forming up in the areas G944O62, G94OO62, G94OO56 at 1840 hours. Results not yet known. Cocuruzzo ravine from G945O49, G915O5O is prepared as strong position with many mines and wire is complete infantry obstacle. Advance 201st Gds Brigade east of this position has turned enemy flank. In view of opposition progress made most satisfactory. 168th Brigade. 1st Lond Scots have companies at G92OO36, G92OO28 in contact with enemy to north and west. Road south of Clemente G9604 to Sipiccia G95O2 not open. 18 PW taken during the day. 46th Division. Patrol to Suja M8799 failed to cross river contacted enemy M888984. 7th Armored Division shelled enemy met in Mjnturno area otherwise no change. Weather overcast thundery showers in the evening. All informed." From II Corps to CG, Fifth Army. RN 3554. "Combat elements 36th Division's new bivouac area, north of Capua, 1995A, this date. 11 From Fifth Army to 15th Army Group. RN 4460. 11 1. Fifth Army priority �\ 20 number 107A given two Italian Pack Transport Units now located Iglesias, SArdinia. Request these units be given 15 Army Group priority number that will insure movement immediately after French Spa.his Regiment. 11 2. The two groups at Iglesias consists of ~40 personnel and 600 mules." * * * CASERTA--JITOVEMBER 8, 1943-•General Clark conferred with his Chief of Staff, his G-2 and his G-3 concerning intelligence that the German 26th Division had shifted to the U.S. 34th Division front for a counterattack. He then telephoned to his two Corps Commanders and instructed them to go with the Com~anding Generals of the 34th and 3rd Divisions to meet him at the 3rd Division Command Post. The General then went by jeep, accompanied by General Brann, Brigadier Richardson and Lt. Col. Sutherland, to the 3rd Division CP at the junction of Route #6 with the Presenzano road. The 3rd Division Commander reported that his elements were attacking the high ground on the right and left of Route #6, just northeast of Mignano. General Clark pointed out to General Lucas the fact that the corps boundary ran through the middle of the high mountain mass lying to the immediate west of Mignano and asked General Lucas whether, for his purposes, he needed any change. General Lucas said the boundary was satisfactory to him as it stood. General McCreary, when informed by General Truscott that a small track led from Casale up the mountains to an old monastery at Camino, said that he would like to have the use of this route for the 10 Corps elements attacking the part of the mounlying within hjs sector. Accordingly, General Cla_rk directed that the boundary between corps be slightly shifted at that point to permit 10 Corps the desired freedom of action. General Clark asked General Middleton whether he felt that there was danger to be anticipated from a counterattack on the 45th Division front. General Middleton said he thought there was not a great deal of danger because the rough ground between him and the Germans in his sector prevented the Germans coming over in force with armored vehicles. General Clark then told General Lucas that he must establish a corps reserve, if necessary pulling units out of the line to accomplish it. He sain that he could not utilize the 36th Division or parts of it for that purpose, as he proposed to put the 36th in as a unit, as soon as the 3rd should have reached its phase line. General Clark stated, however, that Colonel Darby had an available battalion of Rangers which General ClArk would order up, with Colonel Darby in command, as an element of the VI Corps reserve and that he would alert a battalion of the 509th Parachute Regiment to add to the Corps Reserve if necessary. General ClA;rk today received a copy of the September 24th NEW YORK TIMES which contained a news item that the last week of the 3rd Division War Loan Drive was"derlicated to General Mark C1Ark 1 s gallant Fifth Army'' and that Secretary Morgenthau had sent a cable to that effect to General Eisenhower. AFHQ Post pass ment General Clark commented that he had received no notification of this from and knew nothing of it until Secretary Morgenthau arrjved at his CoJ"lllland on October 19th-?Oth. For this reason, General ClArk had been unable to this 0ncouraging word to his troops and had been unable to make any stPtewhich might have helped the bond drive in the United States. Following are important messages of the day: From 10 Corps r,ain to Fifth u. S. Army. RN SITREF . "Sitrep timed 2015 �hours. 56th Division, 201st Bds BrigAde, Gren Gds maintain position on ~t 819 and now joined by 1 company 2 SG. Indications of strong enemy reaction but no major counterattack developed as yet. Remainder of 2 SG concentrating in area of Vandria G960040. Further enemy attempts to djslodge Coldm Gds have been beaten off. Area between Campanini G 9503, Ponte M 9596 and the R Garigliano very heavily mjned and also soMe w1re. Patrols 167th Brigade suffered 17 killed, 20 wounded, this area through AP mines Novem er 7. 46th Division, 138th Brigade Company 6 Lines M 880915 engaged an enemy patrol moving along route 7 and captured 1 officer, 1 battalion, 276 PG R severely wounded. Patrol was then sent out to engage enemy patrol. 7th Armored Division 1 RB company Cellole M 8889 company :M8489, battalion headquarters and 1 cor.ipany M 868877. 1 TRT squadron Cellole M 8889 RHQ and 2 squadrons 890873. Very large explosion in Forinia M 6605 and generally in Gaeta area. Patrols dominating the river bank. Weather overcast. All informed. 11 From VI Corps to CG, Fifth Army. NR'f. "The enemy defended from strong positions throughout the period holding tenaciously to high ground. 3rd Infantry Division repulsed 2 counterattacks this morning capturing 41 PW believed to be from 3rd Bn 29 PGR. Enemy attempt to infj_ltrate through 133rd Inf during after• noon of 7th resulted in 56 Germans being killed and 21 captured all believed to be fron 2 Co 9 PGR. Arty fire continued to be heavy in close support of defending Infantry, falling along the line Fazzilli (h-0523) - Montaquila (H-0929) and reported firing from vicinity Filignano (H-0426) and San Vittore (G-9417). 1 PW reported taken at G-966107 fron 2 CO 129 PGR mornin~ of 8th." The Army CoM~ander wrote the following letter to all of his subordinate commanders today: "As ourcampaign contjnues I feel that we must give particularly careful attention to the welfare of our troops. In addition to action be:ing taken by this headquarters and yours to provide facilities for the recreation and comfort of personnel, it is incumbent upon every commanding officer of a Fifth Army unit to minister continuously to the mental and physical v,ell-being of his cornnand. If proper thought and a.ction is tRken in this regard, the present high morale of the Fifth Army can be not only maintained but improved. ttpositive action can and must be taken to keep personnel informed of the progress of our operations~ Effective dissemination of real 1nformation wlll go far toward preventing or correcting unfounded and undesirabl!3 rumors. In this connection your attention is inv'ited to the enclosed copy of a. letter from Headquarters NATOTJSA, subject: "Attitudes and Beliefs Observed in Officers and Enlisted Men", which jndicates some of the pitfalls to morale which have been discovered by sampling in one of the station hospitals in North Africa. I am confident that few of the complaints listed in this report apply to Fifth Army personnel. I also realize that the soldjer considers thrt he has an inherent right to grumble frequently merely for the sake of grumbling. Nevertheless, all such complaints must be carefully examined in order that their basis, if any, can be determjned. Where legitimate cause of complaint is fouhd it must be removed wherever possible by constructive action and good leadership. Where no such cause is found, appropriate means must be employed for correcting the misapprehensions involved. For example, sujtable sters should be ta.ken to dj ~pel any incorrect rumors regarding prospective return to the U.S. of overseas units. No �112. plan or policy in this regard has been announced by hjgher authorities. 11 As you k."low, there is being developed under the supervision of my headquarters a rest area program for the benefit of troops wjthdrawn temporarily from combat. For this purpose accommodations for officers of the Fifth Army have been provided by the requisitionine of the Vittoria Hotel in Sorrento, which is now being operated by the Peninsular Base Section. Unit quotas in the hotel have been allotted and they are already in use. Accommodations for enlisted men have been establjshed in ~aples, and the first group of 1100 arrived on Thursday to take advantage of them. Due to the extreme difficulty of finding suitable building space in the city to take care or the various agencies which have to be housed, these rest faciHties are at first necessarily limited, but they will be extended as fast as possible to provide sufficient quarters for the troops who are 1n a position to take advantage of them. "The buildings involved are operated by the Peninsular Base Section, ,h ich works in close cooperation with this headquarters on the project of pro11icing as pleasant a rest p9riod as the avajlable means will permit. The quarters include recreation rooms, in \7h:i ch Red Cross personnP.1 are assist in_,.. A recreation pror,rar, has been arrri gee wr:: c:r will ··nclude trips to I ompei, as rell as dances, movies, stage shows and sucl1 other forms of entertainment as are prov:ded y the Special Set·vices and the Red Cross. 11 For the t"oops jn tre field, unit commanders must exercise :inganuity to provide the best possi le living condj tj_o,1s and recreational '"'acil · this. 11 I desire that you that all our troops -rriay part wM ch they play in conditions wh-i.ch we are * follow up personally these var:;..ou• rrv.tters to the 0nd s hmre a clear understandiri.g of our objectives and the t em, and T'lay carry on their opero.tions under the best al:)le to provide for trem. 11 * * CASERTA--NOVE~ffiER 9, 1943--General Clnrk left his command post by jeep at 0830 with General Brann, Rrjgadier Richardson and Cartain Le.mpson, bis Britjsh aide, and vrent up to the 10 Corps area. They visited a 56th Divj sion OJ-' and viewed ire ground toward rit. Camino, over which the attack o-f' the Guards Brieade was progressing. After conferring with General r'cCreei:-y, they went to Headquarters 56th Division and discussed the siturition with the Division ComP1ander. The General then returned to the command post. In conversation with Genernl BrQ.ni."1 today, General Clark commented that the Fifth Army had been attacking continuously ever since the landing two months ago. The 3rd Division had been attacking through mountainous terrnjn for 52 days con.. tinuously. The Br1tish 56th Division, while continuously in the line since D-day, has not faced the same continuous mountains. Mr. George Biddle, an artist representing the War Department, today made a. pen and ink drawing of General Clark. In talking with the General, he spoke of the many men who had expressed to him a t"ish that they might go home. General Clark replied that in the Fifth Army there must ea spirit of determjnation to finish the job before there was any talk of going home. In the evenine, Genernl Clark conferred with General Lemnitzer and Air Vice 1i!arsha.l Foster, who took di,nne y·:t,9r11-im. Important messages fo~~~~~,are as follows: Fifth Army to 15th Army RN 3420. "Understand two American divi- �\ 23 sions will arrive North Africa in near future. Urgently request that at least one be shipped here earliest date practicable for assignment to Fifth Army. Nature of our present and contemplated operations is such that additional U.S. Division absolutely essential to provide necessary rotation. This Division needed in addition to ?nd ~oroccan Division and French Spahi Regiment already requested." From Main 10 Corps to CG, Fifth Army. NRN. 11 56 Div. 201 Gds Bde. Constant counter attacks have been launched against 6 Gren Gds yesterday and today. Bn is still in posn between Pt 727 G9506 Pt 819 G9407 but has suffered casualties from sustained shelling. 2 SG move to 6 Gren Gds Area tonight. 3 Coldms move into reserve in Ujfli G9505 tonight after relief by 1 Lon Scot. 46th Div Ntr no contact. 7 Armd Div. Inf seen throughout day at M786956 othenrise Ntr. "All Informed." General Lemnitzer brought to the Commanding General the following Operation Instruction No. 31 from the Col'TIT'.landing General, 15th Army Group: u1. It is clear that both Fifth and Ei~hth Armies have on most of tre battle front gained contact with the enerny 1 s main defensive position in southern Italy. A co-ordinated effort is now required to ½reak through to Rome. "2. Mv plan for future operations is divided into the following three phases:Phase I - Operations by Eighth Army to get astride the road communications in the area PESCARA - POFOLI - COLLARMEIE from there to threaten the enemy L of C behind Fifth Army via AVEZZANO. Phase II- An attack by Fifth Army to drive up the LIRI and SACCO Valleys to FROSINONE. Phase III-An ampMbious operation south of ROME directed on COLLI LAZIALI, together with a possible airborne landing by one R.C.T. "3. Additional LST are being retained in this theater till 15 Dec and will enable thf'l FnENCH Moroccan and 1 Br:itish Divs to be operational in Fifth and Eighth Armies by 7 and 15 Dec respectively(.) It is as yet uncertain whether suff:i cient craft will be available for PLase III but you wi 11 begin planning on the supposition that craft will be available. The ground forces for tM s operation will be provided by you. C-in-G Med has been asked to send you a naval planning staff. 11 4. During the preparatory periods, offensive probing of the enemy position along t'.1 ~ whole front will not be relaxed and he will be kept stretched to the utmost so as to give him no opportunity to rest or re-group. Eighth Army has already begun its drive forwaro on the left flank and you should give it such assistance as you ca.n. The main Eighth Army thrust will take place NOT before 20 -Pfov. This information is for your personal knowledge only. "5. You should take tl:e ee.rl:i.est opportunity to re-group your forces to �\ 14 prepare for Fhase IT . If Fhase III takes place it must be timed so that Fifth Army are wjthin supporting distance of the landing. 6. All avaj lable air support will be given to Eighth Army for I-hase I and to Fifth Army for r ases II and III . 11 The following memorandum was received today from Rear Admiral Horse with regard to Amphibious Operations - Western Italy: "Further to my memornnc1ur:i Wo . 95/~53 of 5th November, 19L.3 , n.nd with reference to Comrm.nder-in-Chie-", f1editerrr11ean, signal times 1140A of 4th ~Joven er to 15th Army Group, the "orce~ now allocated for coastvise operations nnd to be stationed in the 'iaples area are as -"ollous:(a) 2 L.S.I. ( ) 12 American 1.0.m. (c) 1 Flo-Lilla American L.C.I. (L) - 12 C1·af.'t. "2 . Jn addi .io11 ".:.be quoted above, para 5 (d) , terioration of a0runjtion made which neans that the until 24 hours after Flag ::n1PI-ort land'ng craf't. r0ferr8d ~o :tn my r'enorrndum have now ard VF)d in the Hapl•=!S area. To prev-ent cieof t~ese craft certrin arrPngements have hnd to be craft will not be operationally ready for service Officer , Western Italy, is inforrred they are required. n3 . To carry out an operation employing the ships and craft allocated above it is likely that a certain number of other naval forces rrill also be required in support such as destroyers for gunfire support , P. C.'s or similar ships , as 1;t1ides etc . To assemble these they will normPlly have to be requested from the Commander-in- CM ef, Mediterranean, and then sailed by the Authorities instructed to provide them to the 'aples area . This , together with necessary briefing required before sailing on an operation cannot , it is estimated, be achieved inside 3 days from the time Flag Officer , Western Italy, has details of what is required. tt/ +By th~s memorandum s . •1. 0.A. L.(i"J) is directed to coordinate the training and exercising of the land:.tng shir s and craft allocnted for coastwise operations . He is to arrange such training exercises as the Commanding GenAral, 5th Army, may require informing the Flag Officer , Western It~l y , of these requirements and when on such exercises command the landing ships and craft allocated to him. ,t * * * CASERTA--WOVErffif!R 10, 1943- -This morning General Clark took Air Vice Marshal Foster , of the RAF Combined Forces Mission who was here on a journey from vlashington , together with ~~r . Trammell, Fresident , and Mr . Royal , Vic0 President , of t-e ,rational Broadcasting Company to visit the front . The party w accompanied by as Captains Lampson and Thrasher, aides . General Clark first went to the 3rd Division CP , at the junction of the Fresenzano road and Route #6. Her e they dis• cussed the progress of the advance toward ragnano with the Chief of Staff , 3rd Division, in the absence of the Division Commander . The party then went up the r oad to a short distance south of r~ignano , where General ClArk led the way up a �hill and pointed out to the vi.sitors the town directly in front of them and,J beyond, the heights around Cassino . They then visited the nearby command posts of the""Jath- and 1,-Eli Tn1antrieswhich were close together . The Air Vice Marshal, accompanied by Captain Lampson, then left the rest of the party and went to 10 Corps Headquarters to talk with the Brieadier General Staff. From that point, he returned to General Clark's CF . General Glark and his guests stopped at the 94th Evacuation Hospital and talked to a number of recently wounded men. ?/fr . Trammell and Mr. Royal took the names and addresses of a nlL~ber of them and promised to call up their families as soon as they reached the United States , where they expected to be in a few days . This in no instance failed to bring a smile to the face of the wounded ma.n. The party then went south on Route #6 to the Pietravairano road and fol• lowed that northeasterly across the pontoon bridge over the Volturno and thence went north through Pratella and I'rata to Capriati, y,here General Clark met General Lucas at the 34th Division Command Fest. The party proceeded to an OP near Cupamazzo, about three miles west of Capriati, from which they had a clear view of the valley toward Vena.fro and to the north of that city. General Clark then returned with Messrs . Trammell and Royal to his command post. Messrs . Trammell and Roval were General Clark's guests at dinner . Today, General ClFrk received a report of the Red Cross Clubmobile Section for October, made by l\T . Koslowski , Clubmobile Director. Reports showed that Mr. Koslowski, together with Mrs. Stevenson, Miss Birnie , Miss Moen and �Miss Cox, had, throughout the entire months, been operating with troops as close to the front line as possible so as to distribute newly-made doughnuts and words of good cheer to soldiers just out of combat. During this period, they had worked with the 36th and 45th Divisions. The young women had lived in tents like the soldiers under conditions of considerable hardship without complaint but with the greatest cheerfulness and had distributed throughout the month 69,050 doughnuts. Mr. Koslowski coITlf'lented on the fine esprit and morale of our soldiers and spoke of their confidence in their leader and in final victory. Important messages for the day are as follows: From Main Eighth Army to CG, Fifth Army. RN 1284. "Weather conditions continue bad on whole front and snow is now falling in mountain areas. Five Corps. 78 Div. 2 patrols on 36 Bde crossed R Sangro yesterday and returned without making contact. Further patrols last night penetrated to SE of Gossacesia H3904 and H 378998 and report no enemy reaction. 8 Ind Div. 17 Ind Bde now operating West of Casalangiida H 4181 directed on Atessa. XIII Corps. 1 Cdn Div standing patrols now est Carovilla. Five Div. Adv continues with Rionero H 1245 clear and patrols beyond at H 1148. Patrols also report FT 1075 H 1646 and Roccasicura H 1943 on Forli lateral clear. Air. Day 9/10. Bad weather restricted operations. Kittyhawks bombed previously damaged MV in split harbour. Vessel received 3 direct hits and fire started among railway wagons on Jetty. Recces were flown over R Nangro and Ancona Areas without incident. All informed. 11 From 15th Army Group to AFHQ. RN SD 397. 11 In order to provide necessary rotation during present and contemplated operations Fifth Army considers ab• solutely essential an additional u. s. Divisioh. This in addition to 2nd Moroccan Division and Spa.hi Regiment. Request information on state of the 2 U. s. Divisions to arrive African theatre also future and earliest practicable date 1 Division could be sent Italy. Reply direct to Fifth Army repeated 15 Army Group. 11 * * CASERTA-•NOVEMBER 11, 1943•-General Clark left his command post at 0930 and drove to the American military cemetery at Avellino, where he attended the ceremonies in connection with Armistice Day. After a prayer by the Fifth Army Chaplain, Padre Ryan, and after the national anthem had been played, General Clark spoke briefly to the staff officers and two detachments of Fifth Army troops who were assembled. The General spoke without notes approxime.tely as follows: "Officers and men of the Fifth Army: Twenty-five years a.go today the guns stopped firing in northern France, and the surrender of the Germa.ns again brought peace to the world. And here a quarter of a century later, we find ourselves fighting again side by side with our same Allies of 1918, in order that we can destroy the same mad dogs who were loose in 1918. "It is fitting that we should assemble here in this beautiful American cemetery in order to honor nnd pay tribute to the memories of our comrades who, by their sacrifices, made it possible for the Fifth Army to land on the Salerno �beaches, to capture the great port of Naples , to cross the Volturno and now drive on to the north on the roAd to Rome . These men who lie here gave their live·s in order that r,e and our loved ones at home may lead the kind of happy lives which Americans for centuries have selected for themselves ••• ha.ppy lives , where our children can go to the schools and churches we select ••• where we can follow the line of work we like ••• a.nd where we can speak our honest convictions and be happy with our loved ones . Men, that is w we are fighting toda.y ••• to hy destroy the forces of dictatorship who would take from us our happiness and leave us beaten, broken and defeated, like these Italians whom we see all around us. ttThis is no moment for sadness but rather a. moment of inspiration to drive us on to the task which has been set for us . 1tr hear much talk a.bout going home , and I read it in the papers , and it is A unfortunate, for you know as well as I do that the Fifth Army is now a mighty \' ~ .It/p_ trained force, capable of beating the enem y. He have arrived at this state of ,:( t' v~ training the ha.rd way and after heavy casualties. Our army is now capable of f.,, -r ¥1' 1 beating and killing the onemy w is before us . W should we , then, sacriho hy -\17 ,Y fice all this tr:dning and destroy the team we have built up the hard way? ,t,{ rf. If we bring in new men and let these trained m go home, we will have the en "f' ~ same heav-<J casualties . There must be no talking of Fifth Army m going home . en }yr,I We Must not give it a thought , ut, r r, t her, pledge ourselves t h:-- t we will go $' · forward to the v:ictory which our country deserves . ,\_I, ~ r I I d\. ~ .I"' ~ /who I now lay t hese f lower s on t his f lagpole with the pledge to these men lie bef ore us that re have caught t h , torch which they have fltmg t o us , e and w will bear lt high tmtil victory is ours . 11 /" J'> '°"'f- V "\t ti ~ The sun shorn, br:i ghtly on ·the rows of w hite cros ses, and t he scene m ade a deep impression on everyone present . (' X ,( / ) ✓ A~ : c,-✓ ~ ...t"~ (" c/'\v() J ~he cer emony ended vii t h t he play:i ng of taps and a benediction by the chaplain. Thereafter , General Clark spent a short tiMe visiting individual graves in the n!"!arly kept cemetery. >-{I'( .,~ Following tMs , General Clark, accompanied by Lt . Col. Brisa.ch and Lt . Col. I ISutherland , went to the oarracks of the 1st Italian Motorized Brigade at Avel4\ )!'~.? ~~ # lino. The Gem,ral was received by Brigadier General Vincenzo Dapino and Lt. Col. Tuzi, his Chief of Staff. General Dapino presented to GenP.ral Clark a group of selected Alpini , who were qua.lif ied instructors in mountain and ski work, and then took the Gent'!ral on an inspection of the Brigade , which was in formPtion in the barrack square . The soldiers were well uniformed, alert , clean-cut men, and their officers appearen to be of a high type . Genernl Clark congratulated General Da.pino on the fine appearance of his command and stated that he was del ighted to have the Brigade in the Fifth Army. He· said that he had an important mission for them to perform very ·~hortly under an American Corps Commander and that he would shortly have staff officers come to discuss the employment of the Brjgade with General Dapino and his staff. General Dapino stated that his brigade was proud to form part of the Fifth Army, and it was ready for whatever General Clark might call on it to do. At General Clark's request , General Dapino then translated the General's remarks ~ 1 DAA- .J ~:f f->-1 ~ :--0.j;_ ie-<r ~ . -f tn,..J ,,_;... J""' oJL-J v½~~u tJ w-,-:.tt .,. r ~ ..... ,, c~ f , t.... f" t , • ~ .: .... A \ �to·the Brjgade. General Clark then returned to his jeep and went back to his command post with Lt. Col. Brisa.ch and Lt. Col. Sutherland. At h;is command post the General then conferred with General Keyes, Commanding the TT Corps, and Colonel Hill, G-3 of the VI Corps, concern:ng the future employment of the II Corps and the present situation on the front near San Pietro. General Clark was very emphatic in stating that the critical terrain in the present operations was the hill mass running north of San pjetro. He explajned that that must be taken 11s the key to succeeding advances. Today, Mr. ~ark Watson, War Correspondent, a friend of General Clark's ~ent him a copy of a dispatch which he had 8ent to the Baltimore Sun from Bari. The dispatch stated that it was unwise to expect further achievement from the Eighth Army in the near future, other than its continuation as a right flank guard for the Fifth Army. The Fifth would have to do the main fighting for Rome. There was complete confidence in Bari of success in a reasonable time and by military superiority alone - not by enemy collapse. General Clark today received a letter, dated November 6, from Mr. Robert D. Murphy, enclosing certain documents made public on November 1st following the Moscow conference. One of these documents was a statement signed by Prime Minister Churchill, President Roosevelt and Premier Stalin concerning atrocities and stated that Germans who take part in wholesale massacre ot innocent peoples will be taken back to the scenes of their crimes and judged by the laws of their victims. This particularly interested General Clark because of the recent events at Caiazzo. Reports had reached Headquarters Fifth Army from a Mr. Stoneman, War Correspondent, that bodies of civilians were being unearthed in the recently captured town of Caiazzo. By the General's direction, the In• spector General conducted an investigation and found that 23 women and children had, on October 13th, been shot without trial, under orders of Lieutenant Lehnigk Emden, assisted by certain non-corntnissioned officers and soldiers. Lieutenant Lehnigk Emden and about 40 soldiers, some of whom are supposed to have been responsible for the atrocities in question, have been captured and are now in custody of the Fifth Army. General Clark sent the following cable in this connec• tion, and the reply is also quoted: From Clark to Alexander. RN 5146. ttThis Headquarters has received reliable evidence which would indicate that on October 13th members of the 3rd Company, 29th Panzer Grenadier Regiment, without trial or judicial proceedings, put to death some 23 Italian men, women and children in the vicinity of Caiazzo for allegedly using blinker lights in a fannhouse near forward German positions. 40 members of the 3rd Company now held in F .w. cage. Some of these have implicated 2nd Lieutenant Wolfgang Lehnigk Emden and Soldat Harald Thieke, also prisoners of war, as having taken part in killing. In view of possibility of reprisals against Allied prisoners now in German hands, and in view of declaration by Allied leaders at recent Moscow conference concerning handling of Germans guilty of atrocities, request instructions to be followed in this case; Caiazzo atrocities were featured in press stor1es on October 18 • 19. Pending receipt of guidance from you as to most effective propaganda line to be R,llowed his name has not been released, although press know that Emden has been captured." From 15th Army Group to Commanding General, Fifth Army. RN 884. "Reference your C/S 5146 of 111ovember. Make no release to press. Policy djrective follows." �CASERTA- ..TJOVEMBER 12, 1943-•During the morning hours , General Clark remained at his command post , where he conferred with the Chief of Staff, with his G- 3 and attended to a number of administrative matters . Early in the afternoon, he left the command post with General Gruenther and Captain Lampson and went to 10 Corps command post , where he conferred with General McCreary concerning the 10 Corps operations , and in particular the attempted capture of r.~ount Maggiore and Mount Camino by the 56th Di vision. General McCreary pointed out that the 56th Division had been in combat since landing and had suffered many casualties , especially among of'ficers and non- commissioned officers . At the present time , these were not replaceable; there were no replacements in Italy or in !Jorth Africa. His battalions were depleted and tired out and, despite their best efforts they had been, and he feared would be , unable to take the mountains . The only possibility of replacements in sight was to convert some armored force reJ,lacements in North Africa to infantry, a process requjring a considerable period. This conference caused General Clark a good deal or disappointment , as he had hoped that the capture of the high ground in question would contribute greatly to opening the wa-y to an advance along Route #6 tovrard Rome . However , recognizing that his plans must be amended to meet the realities of the situation, he arranged to have General Lucas and General Middleton meet him at the junction of Route #6 and the I ietravairano road. There , he had a short conference with these officers concerning the situation of the VI Corps and the 45th Division and returned with General Gruenther to his CP , where he conferred with his G-3 , General Brann, concerning the next steps to be taken. General Clark Gtated that he had considered putting the 36th Division in place of the 56th to make an assault on Mount Camino, but committing this division would mean that the last reserve of the Army had gone into combat . The General decided to announce his decision to his VI and II Corps CoMmanders in the morning. Today General Clark received at his cor.unand post Colonel Hess, whom he is assigning as Artillery Commander, 36th Division, and Messrs . Stephens and Tompkins . Mr . Tompkins is Chief of the Red Cross in Italy during the absence of Mr . Stevenson. General Clark received the following message from GINO , MED the day before yesterday: From CINC , f,'ED to CG, Fifth Army. RN 656/1 ZZFOO. 11 1 am informed that you have been instructed to initiate exploratory planning for a possible amphibious operation by about one division directed on Colli Lazzara at some fut ure date . "In event this operation crystallizes , Admiral Lowry, USN, will be the Naval Commander . "Recommend that however nebulous project may yet be , it is of utmost importance that Navy and Army Commanders elect , and their staffs , should get together now for advance examination and planning. On receipt of your agreement, Admiral Lowry will be assigned as Task Force Commander and be instructed to proceed in Biscayne to Naples for initiation of planning with Commanding General you designate . " �The Army Commander replied to the above message today as follows: From CG, Fifth Army to CINC, MED. RN 4536. "Special planning staff for operation ref~rred to in your R656/l ZZFOO has been organized in my headquarters. I am in complete accord with your desire that Admiral Lowry come here immediately. Suggest that he plan on occupying space which I will make available in Caserta Palace, where he will be ahle to work closely with air 8.nd ground planning staff$." General Clark received the following letter today from the Secretary of the Treasury. "I want to take this opportunity to thank you for the wonderful twentyfour hours you gave me while I was in your area. The day I spent with you will always be a high-water mark in my life. "I have had an opportunity to report to the President, Secretary Stimson and General 1forshall my very high regard of the way in which you are conducting the war against the enemy. "Knowing how seldom newspapers reach you, I am enclosing herewith a clipping from the New York Times which ran the story of my visit with you. Also, in the not too distant future, I hope that you will receive a box of apples from my farm. "If I can ever be of any service to you, please feel free to call on me. 11 The Commanding General replied to the Secretary as follows: "Your letter of November 6th reached me yesterday, the 11th. It certainly came in fast time. I was delighted to hear from you and to receive the clippings. I deeply appreciate the nice things you have said with regard to our conduct of the war in Italy, and I appreciate your passing them on to the President, Secretary Stimson and General Marshall. "I wrote you on N'ovember 4th, telling you of the shipment of six tanks for your war bond effort. I hope they reach you, for they should stimulate interest in the States. We knocked them out on the Salerno beaches. "The clippings from the NEW YORK TIMES are most interesting and flattering. It helps us to go on when we know the people at home are satis• fied with our efforts." The Army Commander received the following letter from the Commanding General, Eighth Army: •r was very sorry indeed we could not meet at Bari on 8 November; but I doubted if you would be able to cross the mountains in those storms of rain. 1 "Today is the first fine day that flying makes it possible for Chavasse to get to you. "He will explain all my plans to you, and bring me back your news and intentions. �\3i "I. have been watching with great admiration the way you have "seen off" I a l l the Boche counter-attacks , and have then gained more ground yourself. Good luck to you. " * * * CASERTA--TiOVEMBER 13 , 1943-•General Clark, after a short conference with the - Chief of Staff, his G-2 and G-3 , left his command post with Lt . Col. Sutherland and went to VI Corps Headquarters via Pietravairano. Here , he found the Corps Col'!lmander, General Lucas , 45th Division CoMmander, General Middleton, and these were shortly joined hy General Ryder , of the 34th Division, and General Truscott , of the 3rd Division. General Middleton said that enemy shelling had increased in intensity over night and that a number of shells had fallen in his corrnnand post near Presenzano . In vjew of this, he stated that he intended to \ move his command post to a less exposed position, possibly on the other side of I the Volturno . General Lucas stated that in his opinion the th Division was not able to take the heights north of San Pietro at the present time. It now I was taking three battalions of that division to do the normal work of one . Counterattacks were developing in an easterly direction through the mountains lying to the southwest of Venafro. •·A ,..r> I /J.Y ,- 0 1 IV General Clark said that he realized that the increasing German build-up prevented the Fifth Army from doing much offensively at the present time . on e> the Fifth Army front the Germans had six divisions opposed to four of ours. ~ \ O General li"'cCreery' s troops were unable to make further progress against Mt . ~ , Camino . However , General Clark stated to the assembled Generals in the most '('C'C' strict confidence that General Alexander had informed him that on the 20th off'" November the Eighth Army was to make an all-out attack, supported by all the air force available to the 15th Army Group and a considerable amount of artillery lent by the Fifth Army. The Eighth Army plan involved a subordinate attack on its left by the Canadian Division, the main effort on its right by the 78th and Indian Divisions, jumping off from tPe P.iver Sangro and or:ving strai~ t nort toward Piscara . After this attack was unrer vray, General Frybe:rg with his Austral1an Division and an Armored Force would dr ~vc -north to the region of Chieti, V-ence to the southwest threatening Rome. The ~ ~ighth Army, the General explained, was now opposed by two German divisions only. The German left was held by the 65th Division, containing about 601 Toles and Czechs who are supposed not to be zealous for the German cause. The right of the German line in the Bighth Army sector was held only by the parachute d:ivision. These parachutists were stout fighters , but the whole division was Hght in character. "'hus, there was a good prospect that the Eighth ArT'1y attack would.succeed and, by getting well to the rear of the present German positions in the Fifth Army sector, force a substantial number of the divisions opposing the Fifth A:rmy to move to the rear. For this reason, General Clark directed that until the 27th of November the Fifth Army hold to its present positions and that the troops get all the rest possible . At the same time, however, he directed that every possible step be taken to insure that , in the meantime , there be no German break through . He directed that the Commanders of the 34th and 45th Divisions dispose their troops in depth and added emphatically "The 45th must make damn sure that nothing can come through the hills from the west j_nto the Venafro plains 0 • He stated that the hill mass southwest of Venafro must be occupied, �/ as we could not let patrols dribble through into the Venafro plains. As soon as possible, the General announced that he had decided to relieve the 3rd Division with the 36th, and he asked the Commander of the 3rd Division whether, in his estimation, this relief could be !J8.I'ried out without too many losses. General Truscott stated that this could be done by relieving a battalion at a time. General Clark stated that when this relief was complete he proposed to have General Keyes take over the 3rd and 36th Divisions to operate under II Corps . The General further stated thnt he intended to instruct the 10 Corps Commander to make a cordon defense in order to hold firmly to the ground thus far captured as far northward as Caspoli. General Clark then stated that he had decided that around the end of November the Fifth Army should be ready to renew its attack ln an all-out effort to move northwesterly up Route #6. The general plan for this oreration was to have one division drive west from Colli but to have his main effort along the ) axis of Route #6. By this time, the General pointed out, the Special Service Force of Canadian and Amerjca.n mountaineers should be available, a French Division would have arrived, and the Italian Motorized Brigade woulct be available. The General stated that the French Division would be placed under General Lucas. The 34th Division would make the attack west from Colli, and the II Corps would make the principal effort through Mignano. The General commented on the fact that the troops would have to be ready to attack despite the fact that observations from M01mt Camino wmild, at the outset, be in German hands. In connection with this attack, the 10 Corps would be djrected to cross the Garigliano simultaneously with the attack by the VI and II Corps. General Clark then asked his assembled Generals whether they had any com• ments. Gen8ral Truscott said that it would be a hard job to hold Rotondo for a period of two weeks. He felt that the Germans would probably make a vigorous counterattack there. He stated that the 3rd Division troops needed about two weeks to rest and re-fit their equipment. Their companies were down to about 110 and their men were about 60% replacements. General Clark stated that about this period would be available for the 3rd Division, in view of the proposed relief by the 36th. General Clark then had lunch with the assembled Generals. and also General Truesdell, Commander of the General Staff and Command School at Fort Leavenwortry, who was on the Italian front _as an observer. After lunch, the General went back byPietravairano to the II Corps CP at Patragaino, where he announced to General Keyes, the II Corps Commander, and General Walker, Commanding the 36th Division, the same decision which he had announced to the VI Corps Commander . He emphasized the fact that the 3rd Division should have some time to rest and that he desired to get them out of the line as soon as possible. He djrected General Walker to talk with General Truscott immediately about the proposed relief. He emphasized the requjrement thAt the 36th be disposed in considerable depth and directed that General Walker should consider the possibility that the 36th would take over the guns of the 3rd Division in the present position. He again emphasized the fact that the Germans had the observation on the position the 36th Division was to occupy and that none of the ground now held must be lost in counterattacks. He stated that he hoped to be able later to mass the 36th, 3rd and 1st Armored Divisions for a big break through. �On the way back to the command post, General Clark commented to his aide that he was very favorably impressed with the detailed knowledge General Keyes showed of his tactical dispositions. He stated that General Keyes was outstanding in this respect among hj_s subordinate commanders in the Fifth Army and that he felt that his rresence with II Corps in the line would be a decided advantage. General Clark then returned to his CF. At dinner, discussing with his Chief of Staff, with Brigadier Richardson, Deputy Chief of Staff, and with General Brann the course of current operations, he mentioned the fact that he had directed the 1st Armored Division to move up its armor during the n5ght, in order to prevent German observation. General Gruenther explained that this was being done with great care, exactly as the General had directed. - it this conference, the Army Commander announced his decision as embodied in the following radio to General Alexander: ~ l ~/ < ~ ()'VI~ t"\• /JU "f'fi"' 7 ~ I D--cft-/7 - - "I had hoped, before now, to push through Mignano gap into more favorable terrain where armor might be emrloyed. Before doing this, the 1\Tount Maggiore and Mount Camino features had to be taken. This was the task assigned the 10 Corps, as you know. For pa.st several days 56th Division has been attempting against 1ncreasing enemy opposition to capture Mount Camino. General Mccreery informed me yesterday that further attacks against these features would probably be ineffective and thejr continuance might so deplete the d:ivision that it would be non-operational for considerable p~riod. This division was understrength at the start of the Italian campaign, and its subsequent losses, especially in officers and non-commissioned officers, have been heavy. It has been in action since September 9. Supply of reinforcements has not equalled losses. McCreary estimates that it will not be ad~,isable to use 46th Division on attack mission until November 30. The only division which I have available at present for this mission is 36th, which is only army reserve. I consider that it would be an error to use it for this purpose. 56th Division will now withdraw from slopes of Mount Camino because it cam1ot maintain itself there. I shall change mission of 10 Corps to defensive one. McCreary will direct 56th Division to defend base of Mount Camino to prevent inroads into valley to east. Fifth Army t, ill regroup in order to launch coordinated attack with main effort by II Corps northwest along Highway #6. Secondary attack by VI Corps west from Colli. 10 Corps to force crossing of Garigliano on left. 1st Armored Division in army reserve to exploit attack in Mignano valley. Estimate this attack cannot be made until latter part of this month at which time Eighth Army attack should have forced withdrawal of part of enemy on my front by that time. After 56 days of continuous attacks, 3rd D:ivision is ln need of rest and~ reorgani za.tion. I am going to relieve it by 36th Division while ma·i ntaining its/ present difficult position on Rotonda in spjte of enemy observation to jts left rear. 34th and 46th Divisions are consolidating their positions in order to hold key terrain already in our possession against repeated counterattacks." The followin~ ca le was di9patched to 15th Army Group today. RN 5225. "Desire to have 5th Canadian Armored Division, less the armored brigade, assigned to 10 Corps until December 1st. It will be used in 10 Corps reserve." �CASERTA--TTOVEMBER 14, 19l+J- -General Clark spent the morning in disposin~ of various administrative matters . At noon General Lucas , Commandin~ VI Corps , and his Chief of staff, Colonel Kaiser , arrived at General Clark I s GP , and tht'lse officers stayed to lunch with General Clark and then conferred with him and his Chief of Staff concernin~ proposed operations . In particular , they discussed the employment of the 34th Division to push west from Colli . General Clark told General Lucas that he need not delay the advance of the 34th Division but that he could start the advance as soon as the Division was in a position to begin. In the afternoon, General Clark climbed the mountt:1in beside Caserta. with Lt . Col. Sutherland , on the way inspectin~ several machine ~n posts set up to guard the Army headquarters . In the evening, General Clark received about 27 Fifth Army officers at his conference hut, where he entertained them with a buffet supper and a sound movie, "Star Spangled Rhythm" . Important messa~es for the day were as follows: From 10 Corps Main to CG, Fifth Army. RN O 636 14. "Sitrep timed 2000 hours . 56 Division. ~01 Gds Brigade . Patrol 7 OXF and Bucks believed took some Prisoners of War between Point 819 G9510'75 . Battalion now mov:in~ to re join 167 Bri~de . · 169 Brigade . Completed concentration area G971060 FRIBLLO G9806. S CLEMENTE G9604. 46 Division . 138 Brigade . One copy 2/4 KOYLI area AYULPI M9266. Patrol to M89J968 Recced track to canal tunnel M886976 reported good for tks all weather . At M887988 suspected ROO/rope brid~e M885984 Ferry. 6 Lines Carrier patrol to M887954 no contact . 1200 hours 6 enemy at bend of canal M875972. 7 Armored Division. Many explosions in the area of FORMIA M6694. 8 ME 109s bombed and straffed road VILLA LITURNO No 767 CANCELLO No 274 1130 hours . Weather showery. All informed . it * * * CASERTA- .. NOVEMBER 15, 1943-•At 0900 General Clark addressed the newly- arrived officers assembled for the second orientation course at the Opera House in the Caserta Palace . The General spoke of the importance of morale and discipline , and of the hi~h standards in this respect dema.nded by him as Commander of the Fifth Army. He urged that the men be kept informed as to the war situation in order that they mi~ht understand the reasons for their being here at the front . In this connection, he m~ged that rumors , completely unfounded, of the prospective transfer home of units , be set at rest . The GenE'!ral explained that battle- hardened troops on this front cou1d not be withdrawn and replaced by green troops without great loss to all concerned . The General then stated that discipline was a most important essential of any Army. The men must be alert in recognizing and saluting officers , alert in keeping watch for hostile airplanes, alert to maintain road discipline and proper road spacin~ and in gen~ral to maintain the standards 'of good soldiers. Fjnally, the General stated that the newly-arrived officers were most welcome and that Headquarters Fifth Army would give them every assistance(-in carrying out th,,ir missions. .r?' The General then returned to his command post and left by jeep, accompanied by Captain Thrasher , his aide , for the 3rd Division GP . After examining �the situ.at ion of that division, he went to the 45th Di vj_sion, near I resenzano and then crossed the Volturno and went up to the 34th Division CF at Caprivti. This trip was difficult . It was rainin~ extremely hard, and in many places the road was almost impassable. At one point, General Clark's jeep had to be towed throu~h a mud hole. He return1'd to his command post at about 1630 after seven hours on the road. General Clark had for dinner ~ests this evenin~ Maj. Gen. Harmon, Commmlinr; General of the 1st· Armored Division; 11aj. Gen. House, Cornnanrln~ General of the XII Air Support CoMMand; and r~aj. Gen. Rid~ay, Commandin,; Genl"rfll of the 82nd Airborne Division, who is soon to leave this theater. The 3rd Division today sent General Clark a lar~e cake decorated with frostin reproductions of airplanes, tanks, cannon, infantrymen and other warlike devices. With it came a note sayin~ thnt it was in appreciation of the Army Commanders efforts which had provided rest camps for so many 3rd Division men. * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 16, 1943--In the morning General Clark conferred with General Gruenther, Admiral Lowry and Captain Lewis, Fifth Army Naval Liaison Officer. Admiral Lowry has been put in charge of the naval end of proposed .amphibious operations to be engaged in by the Fifth Army, and General Clerk has directed that he conduct his planning at Fifth Army Headquarters. Following this conference, General Clark commented to Lt. Col. Sutherland that he was disappointed at what appeared to him to be a lack of enterprise on the part of the naval authorities. The General pointed out that military operations were inseparable from risk and that no commander could escape the danger of defeat. He felt that the naval authorities must come to facl. the fact that any landing operation was hazardous and that it might have to be undertaken with some risk of failure. In the afternoon, General Clerk conferred with General Sir Ronald Adam, Adjutant General of the British Army. General Sir Ronald fulfills the function for the Br1.tish Army that the War Department G-1 performs in' the United States and hence is the ultimate authority on British replacements. \ General Clark discussed with him the fact that the British Divisions were depleted, both in officers and men, and the British General stated quite frankly that Britain was coming to the end of her manpower resources. At the present tim9, for replacements, he was 1)reaking up 01v1s1ons al:. the rate of one division every two months. ( ~ o c::t 'lr 0 r ., l ) .1,, \"' In the evening, General Clark jnvited several of his staff officers to go with him to a performance of a stage show in the Opera House at the Palace "For GI's By GI's". The show was very cleverly put on, and afterwards, General Clark went down backstage and personally complimented the company. The Army Commander dispatched the ~allowing cBble to General Montgomery today: "Cong.ratulations and best wishes on the occasion of your birthday. It is a great satisfaction for me to be workirg side bv side with you in a great c8use. The best of luck to you now and always." �On tMs day, General Clark issued Operations Instruction #10 embodying the directions to the Fifth Army for the conduct of operations in conjunction with the proposed action of the Eighth Army: In substance, the Fifth Army is to hold its present positions, regroup \ its forces and prepare for an attack ..2!1 the 30th of November. This attack will be conducted three corps abreast - VI Corps on the right, II Corps in the center and 10 Corps on the left. VI Corps will attack in a westerly direction along the roads COLLI - ATINA and FILIGNANO - S. ELIA. II Corps will attack straight up Highway #6, the 1st Armored Division to go forward in that direction as soon as the situation permits . 10 Corps will cross the Garigliano and establish a bridgehead in the CAST~LFORTE area and be prepared to operate to the north and/or to the west. The following situation report was received from Eighth Army today: ~ "Cosi trep number 75 1200 hours . Very bad weather on whole front has restricted j activity and movement . 5th Corps. 8th Ind. Division. Leading elements reached SAN MARCO H3586 and patrol reports enemy back in TORNTRECCIO H3481. 13th Corps . 5th Division. Patrols to area M PONTELLA H0541 and PIXXOJ\1E H0340 in last 3 days took prisoners and report former clear. AIR. Day 15th. Kittyhawks straffed few scattered nl' 1 s south of ANCONE claiming 7 destroyed and 2 damaged. Reece covering METKOVIC and r..'OSTAR areas found no movement. Spitfires carried out early patrols over forward troops but weather deteriorated and no further operations possible . All informed. 11 * * * CASERTA--NOVEr•1BER 17, 1943--In the morning General Clnrk conferred with Brigadier General Adcock, G-4, AFHQ; Brigadier General Ramsay, QM, AFHQ; and Brigadier General Sims, Finance Officer, AFHQ. General Sims had just received hjs promotfon from Colonel. General ClHrk made his position very clear on the subject of moving AFHQ to the Caserta Area. At the present time, it was pointed out, the tactical situation did not permit the Fifth Army Headquarters to move. Thus far, the Headquarters had been remarkably free from bombing, due to stringent camouflage discipline. However, if large construction crews and similar groups should start functioning in the Caserta area, the probability of disclosure to the enemy of the location of these installations would be vastly increased. r In the afternoon, General Clark, with his aide, Lt. Col. Suth9rland, walked over the mountain above Caserta. On the way ~neral Cl:=i.r k discussed the f;eneral strategical 1uestions facing the Allied Nations. He stated that, in his estimation, Germany had no further hope of victory but ~as playing ~or~ chance to make a favorable settlement with the Allies . At the present time, the Allies · were victorious on nll fronts, and Germany had no reasonable grounds for negotiating a p~ace. An invasion across the Ene;lish Channel, wM ch mj ght result in a serious defeat like Dieppe on a huge scale, would P.:ive the Germl"ns a chance to argue that the war was approaching a stalemate, and that the Allies would do well to give Germany favorable terms. According to General Clark's view, proper strategy would call for maintenance of •a threat of a cross-channel invasion which would keep Germany hanging undecjded on that front, maintenance of the ~ aerial bombardment and a strengthening of the allied forces on the Italian front to jnsure that no reverse could occur there and in order that progress could even �be made against the Qermans throu h the Balk.ans or otherwise. The Allies, by ) thus keeping up the pressure on the Germans, could put Germany in a worse.position as each day passed and bring about her surrender as soon as this fact was realized by the general run of the German populace. General Clark also discussed the fact that the capitulation of Germany, if it ,,·ere suddenly to occur, would present difficult problems to the Fifth Army. The General stated that he had instructed his G-3 to prepare plans for an immediate move into Germany, in case of a German capitulation. The General also <liscussed various problems arising out of our co-belligerency with the French. General Juin was anxious to corr.mand a Corps, but at the present time had only a prospect of bringing 5n the ?nd Moroccan Division. General Juin was hinting at the add.ition of an American Division to round out his Corps, but General Clark felt that General Juin should not be given a Corps until he had a French Corps to coMmand. Another problem arose out of a French proposal to lodge with Fifth Army Headquarters two separate French elements entitled respectively, the French Mission nnd the French Increment, Headquarters Fifth Army. General Clark stated that he proposed to take a definite stand :in favor of one French group on his staff and that he would prefer to have General Beucler, present head of the French Mission, to head that group. If the French wish to call their group something other than the French Mission, well and good. General Clark received today Prom General Montgomery the followjng response to his cable of·yesterday: "Thank you so very much for your kind message on my birthday. I have absolute confidence that the Fifth and Eighth Armies pulling together as one entity will achieve successful results. Good luck to you all. 11 * * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 18, 1943--Gencral Clerk conferred with Mr . Watson of the Baltimore Sun and afterward with Lt. Gen. Mccreery, Commanding General, 10 Corps. Following this conference, General Clark left his command post j_ a jeep, accomn panied by Brigadier Richardson and Captain Lampson, and went to the headquarters of the 201st Guards BrigRde where he met with the officers of the Guards Brigade who had been called together at General Clark's request. The General spoke appreciatively to these officers of the ~ood work the Guards Brigade has done since the landing on Salerno Beach, and said that he knew that they would do equally well in the hard days to come. \ /1. Thereafter, General Clark went on to the command post of the 36th Division which had just been established south of' the road running from Route #6 past Fresenzano, a short distance east of the former 3rd Division command post. Here, General Clark, and the officers accompanying Mm, had lunch with the Di vision Commander, General Walker, and talked over the reHef of the 3rd Division by the 36th, which had been successfully completed durjng the precedjng night without incident of any "'Ort. After lu."lch, General Clark went by jeep across the Volturno at F-0nte Reale and went to the VI Corps Command Post at Prata, where he discussed the situation with General Lucas. General Clark then returned to his own CP via Caiazzo. �1 ~ l C ~ J. h~J< ef~o ~ r.:>.w" \32 j7_ t'. J Shortly after he arrived at his CP, General Clark received a last call from General Ridgway, Commanding the 82nd Airborne Division. The Division, less the 504th Parachute Regiment, i.s about to sail for the United Kingdom, while General Ridgway is about to leave for the United States before rejoining his Division in England. General Clark spoke appreciatively to General Ridgway of the fine work done by the 82~d Airborne Division and assured General Ridgway that he would see that the 504th Regiment rejojned the Division in due course. General Ridgway spoke of his pride at hRving been associated with the Fifth Army's invasion of Italy and of the personal satisfaction which it had given him to serve under General Clark's command. 11 The following important messages were received and dispatched today: From Fifth Army to AFHQ, 15th Army Group, 8th Army, VI Corps, II Corps, 10 Corps. RN 7047. "ISIDi1 No. 71 to include 181500 Nov. VI Corps: Enemy activity throughout the period directed toward locating our dispositions and his arty continued intermittent fire to harass and jnterdict . Fatrolling by foot elements was active during the period . Air reconnaissance active this morning. No new identifications. No change reported of units in contact and enemy front lines. "II Corps: Patrols on our f'ront were ""ired on by machine guns from vicy G-965145 and Hill 180 (G-9316) and bv mortars same vicinity. Patrol saw 20 enemy digging in near road G-990161. Machine guns fired from vicy Rd junction 69 (G-9515). No indication enemy knows presence 36 Div in line. "10 Corps: Enemy shelUngs of MIJi::Lr (G-9506) and explosions in GAETA (G-6490) continue.n From Main 10 Corns to' Fifth Army. RN 0671. 11 Sitrep timed 1930 hours. No change on Corps front . 56 Div. Enemy shelled CALABRITTO G9505 and GALLUCIO G96o5 during afternoon. 46 Div. TT R. 46 RT R now in Corps area and under Comd 23 Armd Bde. Weather . Heavy showers . All informed ." n radio order-=- Affect:::n at l.'.2ul tL.:.3 morn"n ,, t}· 3 ~rd ::)~7ision as as"'iP-·1ed to II Corrs. * * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 19, 1943--General Clark conferred with General McCreery, Commanding 10 Corps, concerning the plans of 10 Corps to resume the advance on the Camino hill mass . He also talked ,,dth Mr . Hark Watson, correspondent for the Baltimore Sun, and recejved a call from Major General Erskine, Commanding General of the 7th Armored Division, who took his leavP- , as the 7th Armored Division is returning to the United Kingdom. The General then left his command post with Lieutenant Colonel Sut er7and and vrent to },faples, where he met Brigadier General Holmes, Chfof of the Mi.lita.ry Government Section, AFHQ; Brigadier General r•csherry, Senior American r~ilitary GovP,rnment Officer under the 15th A:rmy Group; Lt . Col. Lord Forrester of Ar 1G, Region #3; Colonel Francj s f"arkoe, Lt . Col. John '·Jygaard of AMG, Region l/3; and Capt_ain Julius Byles, now of Af'G, Region #3, and f'ormerly GenerAl Clark's aide . General Clark took lunch with these officers E'nd discussed rroblems affectinis mil-itary ~overnment of Naples and the vfoinity. Thereafter GenArnl Clark, with Colonel r~arkoe, Lt . Col. NygRard and Lt. Col. SuthArlPnd, =ent to the Fifth Army Officers I R~st Center at Sorrento, \Yhere the Genorc1l st, yed for �the nieht . He vms pleas ed w~_th the progress made in provjding a place of re creat ion -ror Fj fth Army of'ficers , rarticularly t hose of combat service , and he told lfajor Klein , the manager , thrit he would have additional rations e ggs , post exchange a.nd sales store supplies , coRl , Red Cross servi c e , a dis bursing officer and some cigarettes - made available . He rlso stated that he would send a motor boat to the rest center for use ; n fer ry:i.ng officers t o 2.nd from Capri for recrePtional purposes an~ djrected that officer s of the Army Nurse Corps be admitted to the rest center like other officer s . * * * CASERTA--N0VEMBER 20 , 1943--General Clark, nfter spending a short time at Sorrento and buyin~ Bn inlaid woorl t11ble and soMe boxes as a Christ mas present for l~r s . Clark, left for Naples by automobile ith Col. Markee , Lt . Col. Nygaard and Lt . Col. Sutherland . He returned to his command post at noon and spent the afternoon in disposing of admjnistrative matters . In the evenjnfs the Army Co111mander entertaj_ned at dinner Brigadier Gene ral Julius Holmes , CW-~ of the Pilitary Government Section, AFFQ , Rnd discussed various rroblems affecting military ~overnment . The follovd.nis important messages were received and dj_spatched today: From Fifth Army t o AFHQ , 15th Army Group , ~j r,-hth Army and the three Corps. RN 7 597. 11 En~my a ctivity on entire f'ront limit ed t o active :ratrolling, sporadic art illery on roads , bridges and installations and str~no-theninr defensive positions . Several low level air attacks vj cinity AV8RSA and CATUA . Freliminary reports claim small damage and 6 aircraft destroycd . 11 From r~ain 10 Corps to CG Fjfth Army. RN O 693 - 20 . 11 Sitrep t i med 1930 hours . L:i.ttle activity on Corps f'ront . 56 Div. f'arked decrerse ~n enemy artillery P ctj vi ty. During 19 ovember cons7 derable ~!I' movement ob2erved area G 8610 . As many as 60 vehicles yer our using the rord, this Area . Bri tfrh bridge at 891133 constantly US\.~d . 11 46 Div. i:;;nemy vrnrkj_n"' rarties observed area GCJ103 G9003 digging and repairing defenses . Little movenent observed on tre rest of the front . rn~ 109 1 s and F"if 190 1 s att ac1{ed ir,hvmys 6 11.nd 7 durin~ the day. Some dPmage and casualties . T E/A shot dovm :in the morning attack by 56 LT AA Reg!; . 4 E/A shot down by ground troops in the afternoon att ack. fo change in rosition of forward troops . T'l'eather wet in t he morninr- i Mproving later . All inforned . 11 * * * CASERTA--N0VB~BER 21 , 1943--In the morning General Clrrk attended to administrative natters and conferred with his Grief of Staff and G-3 . At 1300 the General ~nt ert~ined a number of All5ed leaders of h"s st8ff, -including Admirals i"orse and Lowry, Genl'crrils HcCreery and Rj chardson o-r the British Army, Genernls Lucas and Keyes of the American Arny, General Dody of the French Army, and other All ied officers , munberin1s P"bout 50 . After luncheon, General Cl2rk conferred V"ith General Lucas about the VI Corps situation. In the evenjng he saw the film , ttpanama Hattic 11 wjth a fe,v of his sta"'f off-i cers . The :'ollovring situation report 'ms rece:1ved from •~j i:;hth Army: �l40 11 Continued heavy rein serio1rnl7 hl"lld up movement l."'nd octivity. V Corps. 78 Division. Strong ratrol clashes rave occured north of Sangro. 8 Ind Division. •row hold l ~ ne of ro:id fron }l' 3592 to I 3089. Last nj ,:;ht river was in flood rieking crossi 1g ··mpossible . One Three Corps. 1 Cdn Division. No enemy reported east of S1.'lngro j n 3 Cc1n Drign.de Area yesterday. Bridge H 208648 and pontoon H 181616 intact. T·;vo Battalions now -in the area north r,nd south of San Msetro H 1554. Five Division. 17 Brigade rass""n<; through 13 Brigade today captured . 1252 II 0443 again,st opposition. 13 Brigade rerort point 1010 H 0441 clear . Air . Day 20. Sp~tfires on early ratrol turned bRck owing to bad weather . Due to unserviceability of LG's all f'urther operations cancelled . All inf armed . 11 1 10 Corps r~ain submitted the follo 'ling situation report today: \ "Enemy movement in areas G9506 G9/+05 G9407 G93011- G9305 engaged by Arty. Estimated strength of enemy in are8 Mi>iano Di Sopra M B697 one Pl South e.nd two pls North of river . 3 Pl posns astride ry north of river r✓1 8594. Own tps . 56 Div. 169 Bde Coy established Campo G9696 and jn wood G0 63078 report movement North of f"onastery Hill G95~082 during morning and all day on Ft 727 G 951068 . Further Coy will be established c~spoli G9708 tonight . Patrol l ocated Area G958075 still out. 168 Bde . Report f11 G fire from G 934043 . 201 Bde Hq W 076865 . Coldm Gds N 025918. SGN' 107907. 167 Bde NTR . 46 Div. 139 Bde . 5 Foresters Patrol crossed Br at M 858943 . Br not mined and passable to Inf. 128 and 138 Bdes NTR. All :tnformed. " * * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 22, 1943--In the morning General Clark conferred with Major General Lord Rennell , Chief Civil Affairs Officer, 15th Army Group. Lord Rennell brought two messages . In the first place, he stated th~t 15th Army Group . proposed to turn over to Italian administration, under the Allied Control Commission, the southern part of Italy from Sr>lerno to Foggia, excepting essential port and airfield ~nstallations, which will remnin in Allied control. Alljed HiHtary Government, under Fifth Army, vrnuld continue to function in the combat areas . There remained a thin slice o~ territory in the rear of combat areas not yet turned over to Allied rtiilitary GoverITMent Tihich ~twas proposed to 2.dminfater under 15th Army Group under the supervision of Colonel Hurne . General Rennell stated that he proposed to send in a number of new A~G officers who would be broken in under experienced officers, to the end that when Fifth Army moved on and Colon~l Hume's staff moved with .;t, the newly imported officers might contjnue to function. General Clark stated that this plan seemed unobjectionable to him. General Rennell then stated that when Rome was taken, he proposed to f'unction under whatever Army might hav, taken it. If :it were the Fifth Army, Colonel Huri~ wuld continue to +'unction under Lord Rennell. General Clark then asked vhether G".lneral Renncll's statement ind:icRted any thour;ht that the Eighth Army, rather than the Fifth Army, vras p;oir,[" to take Rome. Lord R~:nnell stated thAt he nerely Meant whichever Army took Rome, he was prepPring to tare over under it. General Clark asked u11der ,~hori Lord Heimell proposed to f'unction, and the reply was 11 15th Army Group". General Clerk then said that as lone; as he riad tactical respons:lb:lity for administration of a city he uould ave to hav~ the Allied r.rilitary 11overnrnent jn tPBt area operatin, dj_ rectly under him. He said that he did not care , ho headen :1 t, , s long as l'e 1,new Ms busin.ess, but that it would h,~ :i.mposs~ble, nhile occupyin(J', defcndin~ and rricifying RoMe, to �have the military ':Overnme1t under a coordinete and not a suhord~nf1te Connanding 0eneral. Lord Rennell stated that he understood thjs explanation and agreed with the senti.ments 11s expressed . After the departure of Lord Rennell , Gem?ral ClRr]r discusced the AlBed MiHtary Gow,rnment situation and Lord Rennell ' s announcemunts with Colonel Htlf"le . Gener~l Clark also discussed , w~th General Keyes , the rroposed employm,nt of II Corps in future operations . . In tl1e afternoon , he 1 1ent for a walk over the mountain with Lt . Col. Sutherlanc , and he explA.ined that after considerable thou~ht , he hac:1 reluctantly cone to the conclusion that he mrnt v!ithdraw th, /~6th Division for the time bei~g from 10 Corps and place ~t lnder the II Corps . He stated that this was necessary because o+' an apparent lac 1~ of enterprise on the rart of the Commander of II Corps ·.1ho had stated, after consj derable discussion , that he would be unable to cross the Garieliano . Accordingly, General Cl11rk stated that he would be obljged to leave the 56th Division where ·twas and let the remainder of the rresent 10 Corps fro'1t be eld byte 23rd Armored Brigade . 46th Division would be moved arou.'1d for util.;zation in the adwince of II Corps northwest up Route #6; a necessory arrangement , r-s the util:ization of the single route by elements of t\10 d·1.fferent corps was a logistical jmpossibility. Hhen this operation of II Corps had yroeressed to the ro~nt that 46th Division was in 17 the lef't rear of the rresent German positions or,posjte 10 Corps , 46th Djv:ision tit . revert to 10 Corps control. General Clark stated that ·· t rras f1 cause of regret 'o t o him that General I1cCreery -..as not more agwessive and that had he been an ~~· American Corps Commander it uould have been nece sary to relieve him long before this . The diplomatic rel.<ltionships ~ nvolved , however , made thj s imposd.ble . The General stated that he proposed to transmit his dec5.sion concerning the utilj zation of 46th Division to General Alexander as --:oon r>s he arrived this afternoon. Generals Alexander and Richardson arrived in the late afternoon and had djnner with the Army Conmander . The following situation report was received from E5gbth Army: "Reece over JUS".rOSLAV Coast straffed 2 11'\7 1 s in Sibenik Hfl.rbour and 1agons in railway yards . Strikes observed hut no cln.ims made . Patrols also carried out over forward troops . Wnrhawks in search of roPd 11.nd rail movement found no suitable targets . All informed . ttRe cent rain hA.s again hamp~red all activity to such an extent that it has proved practically impossible to. move either tracked or wheeled vehicles off roads . "V Corps . 78 Div. v,st 24 hours has been spent ~n establisMng bridgeheads over River SPngro in face of strong enemy orposition. 2 Bridges are now complete with 1 fit f'or tan1·s . The building of the third · s b~ing hRmpered by enemy shelling. No pubHcit;v must be given to bridgehead act:Lvities at present . 8 Ind Div. Patrols last night sounded crossing at H 3393 but report enemy laying mines far side in this area . ttXIII Corps . 1 Cdn Div. 3 Cdn Bde . Standing Patrol Srn Angelo H 2614 attacked b-r 0nemy jn strength . este:i"day and a tF=ir 2 hours :--ction enemy forced to �withdraw but stillP.sovpr bridge H 208648 . Fatrols ocross river at Amplera H 1053 and r•"lached Castel Di Sangro r"'!Maining in trnm for 2 hours . Hany villages in t his area destroyed by enemy. 5 Div. 17 Bde continued advance in face of considerable shellfire and occupied point 1086 H 0342 and point 1192 H 0344. "AIB. Day 21. Fir:;hter Bonbers attacked eY1emy strong points at C 370015 , C:256064 and C 353009. Spitfires on offensive . " * * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER 23 , 1943--In the morning General Clark received General Alexander in his van. General Alexander stated that it would be harder now to get Monte Camino and Honte Haggiore than j_t would have been before . General Clark said he understood that thorour.;hly and that he had three times ordered 10 Corps to take the hill mass , but 10 Corps had fajled to do so . General Clark said he intended to rel!,roup his f'orces, direct Gn additional attack, and take the hill masses in question. General Alexander stated that ·'n that case, General Clark ;ould find himself "in a fight 11 , ancJ. said that he thought it would be preferable to remain ci.uiet f'or a time . General Alexander left nfter ) thi.s dj scussion, and General Clark, CO"lmemting on the conversation to Lt . Col. Sutherland, said that he would have to have an order in writing from GP,neral Alexander j f he discontinued his proposed nave fori,rard . Generol Alexander then left the comr1and y-ost wj th General R_ chards on and Captain Lompson for a :i visit to 10 Corps , Qnd General Clark had a short conference with N~ . Alan Poorehead of the Daily Express , Mr . Clifford of the Daily t"ail and r·r . Buckley of the Dailv Telegraph. The General then left by jeep for Caserta, "'here he inspected the 6th Battalion Grenadier Guards, comroanded by Major Cholmondeley. After the inspection, he passed the battalion in revierr. He was accompr-nied at this for mation b-- P~ajor General T8!'1plar, Commandinfr the 56th Division, and Lt . Col. Kingsmjll, formerly conimanding the 6th Battalion Gremdier Guards but now commanding the Guards Brigade of the 56th Division, due to the wounding of Briga<lier Gascoine . Thts battalion had been reduced ;n strenl?;th from about 500 men to about 315 in the course of recent fighting. A strikj 1g feature of' thP✓ l"Ja.ttalion was the pion~er sergeant who, follo1'!"ing an ancient custom, wore a full black beard and carried , i.n place of a rj_fle or other ueapon, a shining rixe of the shape usually associated with headsmen. 1 General Clark then i.nvited General Templar to accomp ny Mm, r>ncl , \,ith Lt. Col. Sutherland , drove north on Route k16 to the command post of the 36th Division. Here , th3y net General Keyes and General Walker . A heavy rain_ storn had borrged the command post , avid the ro?.ds around it , in sticky mud, but the Generals , in the shelter of the mess tent, exam1ned photographic studies of the terrain over which the II Corps would shortly have to attack. Generel Key"?s said that he was turn:ing the Plow Force over to the 36th Division and that their mission would be to taye the ridge south of Route #6 within the Division sector . General TE'lmplar pointed out a sharp r:' dge , part of the Camino hill mass , called the 11 Razorback", ,·,hich he considered to be the key to the attack of the 56th Division . He stated that he had had three ratrols ascend that ridge on three different routes and could not see why whole companies could not get up it. Colonel Frederick, of the Plow :force , ten arrived and likewise discussed the Camino hill problem with General Clark. Shortly therePfter General Alexander and General / �Richardson arrived, and after some discussion of the situation General Clark, General Keyes , G~neral Alexander and General Rjchardson drove north on Route //6 to examine the high terrA.in over which the attack must pa.ss . The shellfire a t this r oint was heavy, and several shells passed near the course of the party and burst a few yards from them . After this , the party returned to Gene r al Clar :!< 1 s command post , ,·,here he entertained Generals Alexander and RichPJ'dson for dinner. * * * CASERTA--'HO'TEMITCR 24, 19/-,..J--This morning General Alexander left for Bari by car . General Clnrlr had offered General Alexander his plane , but the neather proved unpropj t ious . In the morning, General Clark visited the 36t h Gener al Hosp: tal , v-here he :inspected a number of wards and tal1:ed \"Tith many patients . Amonr these was r~ajor General Piddleton who ; s in the hosp5 tal due to an injured leg and who had just been relieved of corm1and of the 45th Division be cause of his physical condition. General Clark talJ·ed with General f"iddleton a t some length and expressed his satisfaction VTith the way Generol Midoleton had commanded h·s Division and his regret that hjs injury had made ;t ne cessary for him to rel inqujsh his comnand . During the t:tft ernoon , General Clark disposed of a number of administr a - t ive nat ter s , including the approval of eight court martinl cases submitted to him by t he Judge Arivocat e , Colonel r•ickelw:-iit . He also directed that Gt"lneral Gruenther , who had had no rest from Ms duties for many weeks , take 24 hours off at the Officers ' Rest Center at Sorrent o . General Gruenther left for this purpose with Lt . Col. Tarter , Se cret a r y General Staff , and Lt . Ba,ienO''', his aide . Late in the afternoon, Colonel Howard and Genera l Brann reported to Gene r al Cltirk to discuss the tactical situation. Colonel Howard reported that a German Division had been shifted from the seacoast south of GPeta to a point opposite t he Eighth Army. Today, General Clark ~ ssn~d Operations Instruction n1 coverin~ the r.~~E:t, µ4,,i~ sumption of the offensive of Ti'ifth Army by phases . "1' ·c\1lt, j..a.c Phase #1 , to comr1ence on or about December 2nd , was to consist of the capture of the critical terrain feAtures Camino , La Difensa and !'ag~iore.. 10 Corps , 24 }.our s before Phase (/1 :· s lalmched , is to seize the Celabritto feature and the following day t o seize r•onte Camino hill !T'.ass . 10 Corps was also instructed t o ~nstjtute a de ception plan consistin~ of an att:1,ck on the lower Garigliano j n conj1.mct:'. on 7lith naval action. II Corps was directed to capture rronte La Difensa and ~ante r~ag8ior e . VI Corrs was to probe the enemy defens5ve · positions along the corps front with emr,hasis on the right . Phase 112 , to be cor1nenced on Army order , was to consist of the capture of r•onte Sar-Plucro ; n conjunction with an attack "'est :c>lon~ the Colli - Atina road . In conncct1em · ith this attack, 10 Corps will consolidate Hs y;ositions on r•onte Camino , !~ante La Difensa and Honte Mag.;iore ( on the latter two of ''Thich it rill have relieved II Corps as arranged between the Corrs Commanders) . II Corrs will capture Ponte Sammucr o , Pnd VI Corps , rrhile assisting II Corps .; n the capture of' Samrmcro , will launch a similar attack on the roR.d froM Colli to At i na in the dil'ection of the hill mass nort heast of Cassino . VI Corps will also rnak~ a secondary attack ,·,est r long; the Fil · -=;nrino - San , lia road. 1 ' �Fhase #3 1ill co11sist of a main attack :into the Lir-' V lle~T, nhich •nill be ca1·ried out on Arry order . I11 this '"ha8e , 10 Corrs ill occup~r an objective cons::_st-' Y' ; 0f 1.n area to tl'"'e irmediate west of t 1e lonte :agP-iore region and :-,rote ct the left of the II Corps . W1'e;.1 the II Corps shall 1ave arlvanced sufficjently, 10 Corps will cross the riv8r Li1·i ~nr occupy a bridgeh9ad in the viciPity of Sen Ambro,,.io . II Corns will attacl:: ·1orthw-.~t along :l'iP"h,,ay //t., to enve~op the enemy ' s de-"e'1ses 11ea.r Cas ino . VI Corp~ ,ill continue --lts attacl· outlined ~ n Phase II , c.nd, with the 11elp of II Corps , s :.:.ze t:1e M,~h f':l'Ound northwest o . . Ca~sino. Tl-J.e 2nd Moroccan D~vision, as :::oon as rea'y, is to relieve the 34th. The 1st Armored Division , rein,..orcecl , dll pr,,pare rlano for the emrloyment of its armored units with II Corps ~n the Liri Val ey ,h8n II Corps has rcael19c positions t 1rougr rrhi.ch armor·ed units ".:E' n cle bouch . It is noteworthy thrt this Operations Instruction leaves 4/Sth Division under 10 Corps an , t:1erefore , Uat tre r.,.,oposed withdrawal of thi.s Di.v:ision fron thPt \ Corps co'1trol f'or t:1e .,.,roj cted oy,eratior. was '1ot effected . Gener-8.l Clar,. mq lained ~ to Lt . Col. ,:nth,,rlrmd thet Generel ·ccr~ery rad ori~iri"l.lly considered it to be impossible f'or 4~th Division to arlvance agr. i '1st t· e 911emy to tre ,,,est o-r• the C, nine feature because of' r'~ efields and enemJ -t>::_re . Further study by GA'1eral "cCreery caused Mr>1 to ch.111e his mi11.d and co'1vi·1cod hirt tl qt th· s advance -:ms rosriible , and he stoor r0arlv to .-,- 1·e i. t . Accord· nhly, Ge nor a::. Clark det0rmi ned to leave 46th I Di vi. "l-i.011 under J, ·· s co11trol. Tn the evenin~ , Gen9ra1 ClarJr e 1t8rt'l~ ned G0ner- ls Brann rrir: Lew~ r, f'or dinner . A r,able 'liSpl'ltched .(>roT!l t.d s eadqwu·t8rs made the following corr·ectio'1 in the ov,rlay t o be nsed i.YJ. co11.nec-l;i011 witl rrert1tio'1c; :nstruction #11: "The boundary betwee'1 Fi .coth and ,.;..; gl1t}, Armies sho-17 r1 read: 'o c 1E..nge to ; "132 - tbe 11ce 7 Q3l to 1?36 to f~37 to 0339 to G0?/1-7 to 030~26 all in.elusive to l~~ c:;rth Arrw, th<>nce 110 change . u "'1e follow~ n ; ;:ii trer was received to<lry "rori 10 Corr s aic:1: L ·ttle act'i vi.ty ol" Corps froPt (L) own troo_ s . Regrou:;ii"lg in "'o~ess ~ 1t_9 Bde . 1115 1 . A1'tY ~n';I' c;ed l:? Y'1e'1 on f!o11aste,..,· ··in. J(-,3 Bde . R~1 · ef 1rs 3co4:, ei·r Ko-r> ,%r rr and L..; r ½v 1/, Dli col"y,lote . 1 Lon Jcot new . 11 E11.,..,my. 56 Di.v . of 10·1 11 Area iTessara 09303 Lill area GC'l603 . :101 Gris Rde . ~ G,~ n Bds r;;t-r·ol '• 1190 other~ ':7ise '10 chnnr;e . 167 B e . 9 RF Go11c e.::. ea TLRRA CORIC FO?Ol. /.,6 ::)iv. 13q Bde . '1TR, loc£'tions 16 DLT area '"'J ICr,JAHO '19'.502 . r.; Foresters DA·r CARLO 90300 nncl .S,2 G9'30"!.: .. -,.,/4 Leics Font1 ~,gr.;91-'J. 0 0 ncorigliano r•r:i297 . i '1 ,~qo93 e"1.1f' r.;ed ePemy . 128 and 13n B<les 'ITR . 23 Armd Bde . l n.trol /,.,6 R8cce to Br Locat-i ons . RdA ·tq r•r:i?99n . KD x F1 . 1()14°10. "'he folloui11"· ~nt,~11·· a-ence ,...1JJ'l1:r'iarv was di spatc'1erl to A.,,H1, 15tr /...J.'~Y G,,.oup , t~ e tl ree "'" ftl J\ ~'my Corr '3: ..., i. ,,. U. Army Pn:1 11 45 n~vision rP.J:ulsed ... ·11or G0rw=m rttac'~ Rt II0C?O . Art::.lle1·v so:r"e'rlll't s1Pcir'l~;t<>T1ti.0T1 "1n.:n1y on roads . , atrol to 0ridge •-~0°3 fo·mcl rrirty ell emr::.aceri. sout}, of r:-.-ri,..l~ no . 'l,.tl"8r ver•y ½ad . n "":'1ed '17lt 0 * * - THA'!K.3~IVIJ G DAY CASERTA~-'TffTE.LR:1. 25, 1n43~-Grw"•'" l Chrk le""t ii.: s ccr"'~r>'i rost ct ~bout O~lt;, ent throu .-J:- r.api..'1 YJ.orti "!l R01•+" ?9 5 , 1'1 ~ s: or-t "i-::.t:':, to t e corun~1:'1d rost 0f the '36tr Divisir-n °'1cl , roc"'ec~cr' ........ . t.'""tii'.8- ;to t· P. con,rrn i • 0s+ nf' tl ~ 7 1,.lst Inf£'11tr • m Ar8 1 e ~o-fm·T'"Jd ,,it Colo'1el Arn3r the 1.eci.rrrmt·: Co"'~ "noer . As 1 * �\ the purpose of this trip was in part tactical and in part to determine whether the units of the Fifth Army were getting turkey, the General carefully inquired at each point whether the essential element of Thanksgiving dinner had been ) provided. In the case of every tmit , he ,vas told that turkey was on hand for Thanksgiving dinner today or, due to unavoidable difficulties would not be served until tomorrow. In some instances , turkey was being brought up to forward elements on muleback after being cooked in the rear . After leavinf; the 141st (wh5ch was loci:ited on the northeast of Route #6 a few kilometers north of the l'resenzano road , the G'.3neral visited the command post of U.e 143rd, commanded by Colonel i~artin, which was in the same building as the com111and post of the 141st. He then returned rlown Route //6 and visited the conmand post of the '753rd Tank Battalion . He then ~,ent on to Venafro and visited the command post of the 509th Parachute Battalion. Colonel Yarborough was away, but General Clark had a discussion with h:.-s staff and learned that the Germans had this r1orning delivered two cou...nter-attacks against the paratroopers and the rangers on their left . The Amerj cans bid two killed, anr. bot/ counter-attacks were repulsed . Turkey ·ms on its V'Tf'Y to the men of the 509th by mule . The General them continued on throu<;h mud and driving rain to the command post of the !:-5th Di vision artillery, wh~ ch ras loc.,tod in one of the former r:11miciral buildings in Venn.fro. Pen the General arrived , G~neral PcClaj n, the Division Artillery 0-"ficer , and Ms st,c-i:"f ·rere having Than1rsgiving din.."ler in tre hall o: the building. Th~ hall was sorewh< t constricted bi1t as the upstairs h11.d b"'en damaged by a shell a few hours before it had been decided to hold the Thanksgivin.rt c1inn~r domstairs . General Cleric, Lt . Col. Suth~rland end the ,nli sted men of 1'5 s rarty had a good Tl-ian1•se;ivin~ dinn~r , including tur}:ey and ,'lll the trfo.nings , -vith the Division ertilleryrnen. After dinner, '}enere.l r7cClain accompanied General Clark, with one jeeP, to the command rost of' the 157th Infantry east of Venafro on a narrmv trail. There too, turkeys Here beinf, roA.sted or the muddy soldiers. After Goneral Clark had discussed the situation n-ith Colonel Church, Cornna.nding the 157th Infantry, he got in his jeep and went on up to a place about thr·ee miles north of Montacquila rvhere the 34th Division had .iust moved its command rost . Tre Generel :inquired as to whether the men were get tin'; their turkey anr: was assur~d that efforts were being made to get it forwar"l to tr-en j f not todry, surely tomorrow . Here , ( in a sea of mud , the Gen~ral conferred ii:.t' General Ilv1¼r and his staff off:i cers aoout the -l"nture attack .!n the westerly direction from Colli . Ye then re-entered his jeep and returned to his cor'1."k'l.-rtd post via Venafro. In the driving rain, the Genernl stopped several tines to talk to partfos of the 34th Division .~ng:ineers { who were working to repair washouts in the roRd . The men vrere in rrood heart and S"' id thev expected to ri-et ~ome l·ind of Than1rs ,:i ving dinner when they reached their b::vouac that nicht . G"'neral Clark sairl to on~ rrivste rho \ms shoveling dirt and gravel, ~taml:;ng "n rain-11hipped wE>ter, "I . ore you !ill have ;;,our Thrn ·s~lVJ.ng in a better place a :rear from nor", :ind the pr:: vate answered smartly "That I s wh1-1t we are all working for today, sir". Enroute to h~s cormand post, he stopped at the J8th Evacuntion Hospital and tal:k-ed with Colonel rood, the Commandjng 0+'ficer, llnd a number of theseriously wounded men under his care . :::::v~n here, turke.~ vms bein~ rrovided for those rat:ients able to eat . General Clark reached his comriand post at about 1700, havin1s been on the road about n~ne hours . �In thA, evening General Clark entertained for dirmer Major General Sjmonds, Commandini:; the Canadian 5th Armored Divisj on; BriEradier r"orton , his Brigadier G ,neral Staff; Lieutenant Colonel rTmThY and Lieutenant Stearn.3, his aide-de-c"mp . A report from the Arjutant Genr-ral showed the followin~ casualties and prisoners of war AS of November 23rd: American Forces Wounded r1issing Killed Axis Prisoners of Wa.r 6779 2714 1715 ?173 British Forces 6135 2661 1455 Wounded Hissing Jl~illed Axis Prisoners of la.r * 1/.,05 * * CASERTA--NOVEMBER ?.6 , 1943--General Clark received General Juin, Commanding the Frcmch -q_:xpedi tionary Corps, who had just arrived from Africa in General Clark ' s plane . He discussed 1ith General Juin the fact that the 2nd Moroccan Dj_vision, which was just arriving, would be placed under the comm::ind of ) the VI Corps. rr~meral Juin said that he tmcforstood th,: s and that he ms perfectly satisfied ~ith the arrangement . He merely requested thct the French divisions come under a French Corps Co)'Ylmander nhen another division should have arrived. Ge11eral Clark asked General Juin whether he considered ·t necessary to have two ti'rench increments, one representing General Juin and the other General Giraud . General .Juin said he did not understrnc the reason f'or two. General Clar 1: tren snid that it 1iYas his · ·j sh the.t there be one French body attached to Fifth Army and that that be headed by General Beucler. General Juin said that he was in hM.rty accord ~nd that that wr,s the way ~t vrould be . General Clark asked if he was satisfied with Generol B~ucler and Generl'l Roosevelt, and GenerRl Juin as,mred General Cl;-irk that he was perfectly content that he eard only ~ood of both. General Clark then sent ~or General Roosevelt and General B~ucler and explained to them that General Beucler was to represent General Juin at Fifth Army Headquarters and Gern'!ral Roosev,lt was to represent General Clark at General Juin 1 s Fead1uarters . Thereafter, General Cll'lrk, with the offic9rs mentioned, left his v, n, where the conference had been held , and shook hanc.ls with a mmber of staff officers there assembled . These included Generel Foydenot , f'ormerlY head of the French r•ission ns a Colonel in Oujda days, and Ge'1eral Clark -~nv~ted General foydenot to his van · here he discussed old times . G~neral Clark devoted the afternoon to the r1 isposition of a number of administrative matters . Tn the i:wening e had as h; s guests at rn Italian djnner prov:'~ded 1,y Jacomino of 'Taples: GenP-ral Gruentter, G"!nero.l Moran, Colonel Tate, �Colonel Howard , Colonel Fume , Colonel 3u1Hvan, Colonel Grant , Lt . Col. Forter , Lt . Col . ~utherland . General Clark recei.v~d the following cnble f'or General Alexander today: s eyes only from nBad •eather 4 s still delaying lijighth Army operations and has caused a cha'1ge jn rlan. I do not consider thnt their main thrust ·Till have taken effect upon the Gnrman dispositions until 12th December and therefore your ma j or operation will not be required before tat dnte . 11 * * I * CAS-2:B.TA- -'iO"IGI~TLr.:R 27, 1911-J--In t11e morninP, Generc 1 Clar1{ d:.scussed signal :::-roble~~s vrith Brigadier re'1er .1 ralder, '3-iqn<>l O~ficer of the 15th P.rmy Group e 'Je-v:t he received Captain Gil esp;e, one of is Cub pilots, ,ho was lea•ring -"or the nited States . General Ch.rk .. ished 1-iim the best of luck . Shortly thereafter, he :et his conmand rest by automobile to ray a v5sit to the Fi.ft Army Officers ' Rest Center at Sorrento . He arrived at 3orrento at 1230 and spent the afternoon resting and discussing with Major Klein the needs of the Rest Center . He arranged to send additional supplies , of which the Rest Center was short . He dined w1th Gener al Brann who was also at the Rest Center for the day, and st~yed over night . * * * CASERTA--NDVZJ'BER ?.8, 191+3--General Clark arran~ed ith the nav~l riuthorities \ f or 'vater transportation to Capri and took there General Brann, his G-3, Pajor \ Klein, Pirector of the Rest Center , and a group of o:ficers stay:1ng at the Rest Center . The General spent several hours at Capri and then returned to Sorrento and drove by automobile back to })is command post . On his roturn, he comr,ented to Lt . Col. .Sutherland that the Air Corps and naval officers were \ t oo elaborately installed at the island for their own ~ood . He stated that there would undoubtedly be critid sm of the manner :.n which all available hotels and T"any villas had been taken over for Air Cor ps and no.val officers , just as there '7ould be crit 4 cism of the British for the:ir tal~ing all available space in Sorrento . The General stated that he thought it was r,uch r1ore aprroprj_ate to do ,vhat the F.; fth Army had done and put all possi½le i nstallation7> , 'ncluding the Commanding General ' s cor 1J..,a11d post , under c2.nvas . l J 1 * * CAS"'::RTA --NovrTmR 29 , 1943--Gencral Clark spent the riorning 5n ad.."linistrative work. He le-f't Ms coril"'1anr1 post :>y jeep shortly before 1300 and , 'ent to aia Latina vhere detachments o+> the 3rd D5v .. io11 vrere assem1:Jled in an open f'ield for the r-re•:ientatior. n.f'.' the Con~r8'3Si.onal I edal of Honor and two Disting,r: shed Service Crosses . General Clark .,.1,esented the r,8dal c,f i{onor to 1st LieutenPnt David C. iavbnr of t1e 3rd ReconPfliSS['nce Troop, 3rd In+>[lntry D-i.visio1-:. and tl1e Distinr;uished 8erv::.ce Cross to Captain BenjA.n-"n A. G. li'ulJ.,=,r, II, Compt:'.nY Conranr'er of a compan r in the 601st TD Battalion, E'1d Staff ~er-geant Faro7.d J . Fowey, Comrany 1, l~th T11fantry. As rart 0f the rr~r;9ntation, tre Ge11er~l spo·e hr~, 1 to +,1~ A.s~e~bl9d of~icers and ren. ~e stat~d tr.at e took~ qt p' 1 de in ra ':;n~ the 3rd :Yvi"'io•1 as rart oi=- the if'th ArrrrJ and that re ·new of ,( G,➔ -\ r f, �no · ,y,tance ; n h5 '1tor'r v/l13re E1 Di.visio'1 },'1.d equE' lled -she length of tim0 ~·-ent i.n co11t.i'1 10U.J 9.+,tac'k- as· th· s Dj vi.:iio'1 . He st<1-l:.ed that eVP."'t ra:1 ~n tl1 e D:vision and in the Fi.f't 1 Armv '1hould resolve to continue tl e rrese'lt stru ;gle untU GP.r::"'rnv wau Pinri.11:r conqu'"re "1.d un+;::.1 thft cay should not allow himSP,lf to 1"011 on the rrospect of a ross·i.bl9 return }1ome . 1 1 1 General C1 -~r1r t½e11 co>1"'e1·red brief'ly wi. th Gcmeral J:9ye-:; , Cormanding II Corns, a"ld returned to 1i1:J CC!'1m<i.nd rost . At dinner h'"' entertained General Juin; •i '"1 Cr" 0+- of Sta.·"'f, n.Gn0ral Carre rt·· 9.,...; (}enerE' l B 1cl0r, CJ.i · P,f C'f t11e Fr•=mch ri.gsi.o!l to th'3 •i:-,+h Army; Colonel Cherrie e, Gen':lral :9eucler ' s Cl-ief of Staff; Go 1eral Roos9v,.,,-1, , l}e:,-v'!ral Clark ' s Liaison Officer with Gemral Juin; Colo'1"ll SaltzrrE'n ~'1.c'l :it . Col. J-orter . After r inner r Uscus::3ion took j."'lace etween General Cl<l.r'· r-nrl (}13r e:-al Ju:-ln A.bout the order 'in ,h~ ch tl•e French conld be brou~ht into Italy. Gemral Clark stated that e brd h11.d to choose between brin"'ing -· n ,:,,1 Amer:i cavi Di v.i sio,, -f'irst or tr.9 seco"l.d o·" tl 0 h'rench ::)i 'lision9 , ad. he had er osen to ½ri '1g i '1 the second French D~ ""' sin"l, thus perr-itt~ns Gey,ercl ;;uin to set up ris Frencr Corp2 . T-Io"1eve" , 1-,e Jt,..,ted thrt he ~nte'l'lded th'?n to ½ring .;n "ln a.ddit.;ow1l Ar"erican "1ivision, the 18th, before bri11c;i:1~ in th,,, F'.cench D·h•:i si.ol'l cor,r,a..,ded 'Tr G"'nnral BJ~ossett . This Divisio'1 ms P.11 1-ip;-ed :·n rart "':.th B-dt.:sh mA.te"iel, "'l • c:1 vr"l11ld :!'."e'1der .;ts qmrloyrv=mt . di.""'"'~c'i 7 t, and the Gene,..al did 11ot ;; ,l· to qdc to 11'.::S sur:-ly rroblel"1s . G9nr.iral Juin '>air t!1ct he 11nderstood +,his 1itTu1.tion entir9ly, thoug'1 he would. lH·e to brin~ ~n t'19 1:rosset D-'vi.Jion as soon as rosf\~·)1,-, , as .;t cont11.in"l<1 Gnullist 9lnm-,.•1ts 'lncJ. .;t ms desirable YJ:ot to ,-:,jve t},,..t faction the idea ~hat they -; ere 0ei'11"{ ,=i.: cr-1n:y,3.ted A,gai."1st i'1 or,rort:.uT1it•:es ·"or f';,,. ting. 01 Tf'lP, fol low'i'1"' J',3adquarters: ~ '1J.,e11-1 ~ence SUfil""'arv l'ff'S ; sratch"'id +,h-i s 9V9n-1 ng ,nrom th-' s 11 VI Corrs :i'ront: 34 Div . received co'1s~ dl'lr" b19 artillery ""ire Dt COLLI, .:CAFOLI and IOZZILLI. Enemy well entrE':ncl'ed and r~otected bv accur.<i.te artillery and mortar ""ire n.t F-0834. r"i'l states 81,,,mentf' of' 44 Ji~, . rel.; ew,d gth i GR ?/1 ~rov south 0: "ld GompA.11Y c:,77 Regt . .::ome on :1ill H-01527'1 . rw reports 2r1 Bn 57'1 Inf wit ldra1•m bec:'.'use ,-..:,-: 1 osses . "II Corps Front: Arty i'1ter 'icti:ng 1r' seiw~y r.> to junction !I-0306* tion of ··ricreesed activ-'ty o"l fighmy (-, in last 24 our·c: . 11 X Corps ro11t: * '-'o rr.ro1 P1d "'Ctiv·ty. T"l.dica- 1·!"·.tAd arty n::re rerortcd . 11 * * CASERTA --'f'•!C'VT<:"Tf:'1 1c, 1()43--G-Bnerrl CJarl;: remE'iY'ed <it lii;:; o"fice thro tzhout the d£y 0ngaged in the il :sro.,ition of c. great number of adl"'ini strfltive ~ at-,ters . Dnri YJ.g tl1c nl'l.Y 1e conferred ·1i. th Generr 1 Gruen~h'3r, ' ~ s C .; ef of Jtr.ff; G911e1·r 1 ~rann, his G- 3 and Co onel Ho arc, his G- 2, concernin1 th8 ;mpendin~ attrck . 1 0 At djnner GenerRl Clarl-r 9ntertained 'Rr'i gadier GenerAl ,rllliars of t 'T'ran ,port Comra~d . 1e A:r 'T'hA Ar,v Cor"mr1'1dAr Y/'I'ote a let;ter tor'la~r to • j. Gen. Joyce o tl.e A11~ ed Control Co""l:r.1ission requestinr.- I~i'."\ to convey to ''-rshal :3"doglio his assurances that tre ~-st tPlian Potorized rj i,-ade will 'l:ie aserl as soon as the rio;l t sr,ot is ·f'o me~ for ~t, rnd e.fter the :.1 rrlv situat:i.on clears u:;_} . /c "u.,-,the.,. r.isserted that e b~l-i eved lie h«d ""oun<l t},e ri; t "rot 1l.llu. "ould conummic"l.te further w· th General Joyce as soon r 'J he co 1ld cc"unit the 1,rigane. �Genercl Cl:1.rlr m·ote 01.so tod<J.y to tre ~OffiMr nder-.;n-01,_-" 0f, A'"''.1, cor>:mendi."1.g Gen')ral 'id leton, fo,,.m'3r Comrander nf t 'e 4 ~th Inf'e.ntry !)ivision, -f'or r·t. s11pcrio- ~er-ro.,,,mancc of dnty ::inn recomP1end:ln~ h.;s retur'1 tote rrn:tted States ~or assignment as CorrlTilandor of a Trainin~ Corrs due to the fact that re is suffering "'ror A. chronic art 1r·· tic left 1--n.ee "lhich ; s 0f some years 1 standi.np. The rain is rggravated bv ~ield conditions, and Gener?l C ark re~ c0mr'enrled t · s -re11s ...dP,nment PS .;t ~10uld 1.:ve him an onport1mity to make a sub1tantiAl co'1tr:Pmti0n to t,he war e fort o~ t e m .t~on ~--id nlso he a .;tting reward for '1is outstanding comb<J.t c;ervice. 1 The follm1inr, commmique v as .; r:sued by 1 Sth Army Grou:r for release 3-t 2200 hours toni~r.t by PRO, AFH~: 11 E•: '":litr. Army troors now hold Fossncesia, Vil la S,nntn. i'11"' ia, lfozzarr.ro ·na and Rome~ol:i . The vhole of ti,e ,~ r;h rido;e wM.ch 0verl00 s and dom·' rn1.tes the '3anr:;ro Vallev is no.Y ;n our hi:i.".lds . 1e t ..,o hridgAhe ds on the Adriatic side have now 'l)e-1r ioin~d u:-, to ~orn one larr-;e renetrn.tion in the enemy de fensive ....-osition . Our troops noi7 have broken deep in+,o the mn.in enemy winter line . ~,1emv counter-[l.ttacks c'luri n~ the afternoon riave <' 11 been beaten off . 11 1 l},gner?l Clar'k sent the f'ollowin~ cable to the Frir1e Pinister today, his (,9th birthday: "Tl·e Allied off~ cers a11d s010.; ers of the Fi +'th Army salute . you on the occasion of your birthday. ,ie wish you health , hRppiness nd contjnued success in your drive "'or · victory. 11 On the morni..ni:; of 1Tovember 28th a copy of the followin~ cable from Generril •,1 senhower to Gener:> 1 Alexander was received by Genere.1 Clrrk. 11 When I last talked 1.rith General Cfarlr, lie ''Toke of tl'e ~eqt desirebil:ity of havjnf; another American Division at the e'1rl:i'1st rossible roment . ; e have ex1.mined the matter carefully and vre fj nd t,wt he can move the 88th Di vision, which is reported to be a very eood division, into ITALY, much of the equipment ~oi'1.g direct . Am sure this ; s satisf'actor,~ to tl,e Commander-in- Chief , hut it must be aprrecfated th11t the T'lovemcmt will result in delay in the arrival of the 3rd Algerian Division, which is scheduled for movement in Jcnuary. Our flash estiriates indicate thet the 8~th could be put i'1to Italy during January and that all o~ 1ts equipment will arrive e::ther ahead of or with it . Unquestio ably th~ s di vision ,'fill require at least 10 days oi' training as a Di vision after it is as 3embled 'fith 'its equipment in JBS . On the otrer hand , the 3rd Alg;erian should be able to 10 ~nto the 1·i:1e Rt once , ,lith the odded advantage of completing a 2- Division Corps . The rroposal ,e rreviously made to stage the $Bth Divfaion throuf;h SJ'J... LY has been re-er.:mined c.nd +'ound jrnpracticaqle . "Gern:iral G-IB.AUD '7.i shes to noriinr-ite tho BrossP.t :;:)ivfoion 11s tl:le '3rd French Division to e;o into Italy. His rear;ons are ti.at t -is division, a former fir,ht in~ Fr9nch Division, ·i.s f':l.rt.; culP.rlv · ell trainP.d nnd co"'l.ta "1S a -~ ,h rercenta~e of Foreig.1 Legion troop,:; of f'jrst cln..ss fighting c<i.recity. There are P,lso rolHical -im:-,lj cations 1 1hich will h~ afpRrent to you as there ·rill be much crit~ cisr. if D. forr·er De Geullist Div· sion .: " ·1ot ~ ncluded "'...n t 11e Fr~ncr Contingent . mh~ d: "advPnta ,es 'l.re t:1rt tLe 'Q:rosset Divi'"'io11. is erpi.. rred in a lai-~e rc-rt w.:th ritish eq,1ir,ment . G'l'w says t at -it CflrF10t 1,e "1ai"1tajned '11ith .Rri+,ish equipment, as !'1eny o+- tl e ·terns fire ·in "10rt surrly. .reneral i'}'..MUD says ·t has a 0 �l SD co11.sidera1..,le reserve -'n its o-.m bands, t>ltrouo-h th-is is 0pe"1 to question . Our inf'o:..~matio11. j s t"1at th<: huJJc o:: ~ ts tran ,ror•+, is oJ ii ~11.r m'lst be consid8red a wasting a9set and. that thnre are ir1pcrti-int c,h0rtages in its Artillery "nd s;~nnl e1uipmont . I have T'o.;nted out to Ge'1er'l.l 'IIRAUD the dFficulties of sup:'lY i'1herent in a Corrs o""' Divisions with different equhment , but he i.s very insistent . rrm~evBr -if ne "'ake the der::and , 1'1~ will substitute the 'ii.nth Colonial 1 Division , vr1,~ ch - s "low co:-ipleti:1r; ~ ts Arieri.cFi'1 0quipmen+,, but whicr. will ·-1-esunk<tuly "1ot be ,p~fo "'O well tr, i 1ed for battle as the '1rosset D~vision. I have +,o d Ger><:)r".1 GT:::lAlID that we ·~ill rut the .:;itu.<ition u:r to General CI.A.'R.K ancl abide bv ly, s decision, hut we must sav- th.,,t our ~udgnent j s not to accept the "Aro.sset Dj vision . n ' 1 Later "'n tho nv t,h f'ollowing c .hl"' "2S receiv'3d. from G9n~ral LPmnitzer , lSt 1 Arny 3ro11p, :i'l1 rcgarcl to t11e nbove cable: 0 0 1 11 Have tr~ e to co 1+8.ct you by r"'lon,3 rrith r·=rference to AFH1 messRge A357 frorri G!l'~ tl: to ":iOC, l 'j ·,h A:J:my Grou::-,, C'lnnerni '11g ~<:th Divbio'1 c.rd '9:rosse.J:. D·· vi sion o:: Fift,h t\.~my ½ut, -;'1A i.s out of ,r er . A"'ore "Y'A-r-ly-'n, to AFrq, Gon.-~ral Alexan0c1· -ies-tr0s to 0bt1:1..:.n Gener:- l Clarl'' s v;evrs ()11 tl,ese :'.'k-'ltters . Gener"~l Alexa 10.,.,r ~ '3 -· '1 co:1.,,. 1 ete f reerent , itl· vou ..... 7')5/1 of 9 3rd ·· n •rl·~ c , vou stated t1rt 'n case con~li~t neve ors etveen 83th ~7vision and lence =r0nch Corrs , sh"pnent ~11t. Di.vision chould 'mve p·iority. Request ,rou con""'ir-r1 t'•iJ even trourrl, rla11 to .Jtro-e d-lv-· sion +,11rou-; :-_;-' cilv i:>aJ 110', br->,qn f'ouncl iYI' ract7 cM½le hy AFH~ . FtL r" 11.rcl to Brosset D;v:ision ~s lrd French Div-:sion to P'O i11to Ite.ly, we sue1 r-est You c o not ccept Rrosse-1:; Divi 3ion ·mder .. r ·3 scr+ c--1i tion o: e 1 11i: ment f1nd teke a 1'Te'1ch Divi"'iol:" rit_h F.S. er:pipwmt ~11ster , . 1f :;ol:lti.cal cons~d0ratio11s ar3 so "''lre.mo1rnt O s to re 111 • re t~ ~t Bros set D~ vi ·ic'1 t'" sent to Tt,f ly, re ro-uld be p:•3pa.roc to r3colJ11'1end to AFHQ th<i.t "'lI!ledif'te st9:"s l:,c t--'·en to e~pin tl-iis div · 'lio11 1v::.tL 1r eq·1ip'1,nt 110w in 10 ncs of ·ome other F-l'.'enc:1 Division or :'ro!" . any oth:r source A'i'H1 deems 1u5table . ";::ii:ri co-1.3:; d9r1.tion 4 s t11--t krte •<,r 'ivisiovi · s select.8d it riust 1:J:i T•. S. equi ped -:ic as to ohvinte ~ erplexi11r; "uprly rroblems 'hi.c'1 ·,oulc' ot'ier r·se arise . e1,uest vour corunen~s '"'"rl:f'\st "'Owe rmy M 0 .s. r.'H i. 11 advise G"'ner"l f}ruenti-1e'', •jft1 Armu- C ief of ..,t,:i_f", trlked ,,ith GrinerAl L~mn~tzer tod;::iv ~11r! f"[l' e 1im the ,.,ollo~·,~:ric· -·n"or•m"t-lon ~n rerlv to th'i ubj0cts !""entiori0d i. n the fl bove t rn r;,essr_g AJ: v:'3w of the co.1' emrlated delc.J · n t:1e pr-ept".ration o:: the Rqth rivisio.n or co"'bat, the Army Com:ianr1er desires to conplete the French Corrs of t·rn divisions before tLe ~"t:1 Djvision arri,res. Fe, t1,er9:'ore, recor'nends that "hip:µing rriority b9 "l.ss:_p;n9d to 11 ~tl- '"'-;vLd.on j11st 1-)9low tre two-division French Corp3 . Pow•wer , 11e is ro2t eezer to have the 0 ~th ::Jivision in ~ dlti.on to t'1e 3rd Alv,er-: a'1. Divisio'1, and he 1 1.rge<1 t 1rt "'!very e""'fort be r' de to ~et t½.is rliv; sion here as soon 'lG -03s-l le . 11 In "Tr~" renc1'.pm.rtcrs has n"t ·rev~ 01lSly be011 'ldvised t 11t t 1•1;1•e ·ill 11e nree (~jvisi011s .:y, t e 'Frener Co.... pa . 'i'he troor 1ist on 1} icl. C'Ul' crlC1 l::!.r.tinns are l)ns1d f:' O"S "I t"o-division Frencl' Corps cr-rs·sti"l~ ,....f' the ".>..-id ·o:·occqn Pivis-ion and t:10 '3:r·d Al 6e1·i.an Piv".sio 1. If +, e deci"l;_on -· s . -ide to send a tl1ird divis:.on, the Ar!"'.y Co!"'T"<t'1.c1er stro- Y""!."' rec0J'lITlA'1 s th<i.t t'1e Bross!':!t Division not )9 sent • • -:i-'-;, -it rre9A'1t 0111,pm·:m.t . I-" for 0li-!;1.c"l or r;l-lt"r, reur:011s it is ,;10el'1ed '1ecesc;c-y to s.nd th:s d.:.vision, ,t -:s e9sentinl t½Et ::~ 1 e OTL,in,erl ,,.15th U. 3. equi:-'1'1ent. I e t:biri •r9rc, division 4 s sent to t c Fift11 /lrrr.y, · t s <'Uld 1"ve a lom::.' 11 ir}'.,h~ r:dor:i_ty +. 1 "'l t',.'lt, ,~.::ip;ned to t'he P8t D-lvL,ion." 1 0 �l5 1 T'1e fo lo -~n 6 sitrnr -as received from 10 Cor:r8 r.~in tonight= "Enemy ar i.ller~- · css f1c~ 4 -,e . r' V"3nent "rea GqOlOL,S l'pproxir1ate strength "2 companies 1 rriov-·: ,mt1-1, ot er f:last. EneTlly patrol ~nto i:; Thrrps position area S Carlo GQ3OC •lspersed by SA fire. o~n troops . 56th Division. 169th Brirade ' T B. . 168th '9rissade riatrols contacted 0nemy post G951048 ~nd Pl position ~~4~049 . 167t, 0 01st Brig~~es TR. 4\th Division. 2/4 Koyli patrol area Gqll0O1 fired on l·hen att0mptin~ to cross river ratrol leader hit and believed captured . 23rd Armored BriP,"ade . K:::) GS OP a.t 877963 received direct hit from 150mm. All jnformed. tt I I Corps issued the f ollovring -; ntelligence summary tonj eht : ''Very quiet jn ,orps sector . The enemy concentrated his artillery and infantry eapons -'n repulsing the reconna-issance ~n force by the Ranger battalion. 1 prisoner of captured at G974137 , -; dentified from 11 Co 15 FG regiment states his battalion in r1ount Lungo area . friso..,,er of vrar con,..irris that 4 of 1 our · men were captured by 9 Co 15 PG Regiment . 11 ,·,ar General Clark dispatched the following cable to General 1~senhower : 11 Have b"!en advised jnformally that your Advance Command 1 ost and the Command Post of ·AAF may be establishe ·1 n Caserta by lt:; December . Do not 1'."!low ,,,hether this is definite , nor o re h1ow extent of -installations coYtte!Tlplated . Since e::;tahl·ishr-" 1t of sue~ -~n.:itallaVons br dc.te i11.d·'co.ted may serfously int9r...ere with tl•e operation ac1d security of this lfoadT:iarters , re1uest r1efiP.i te in+'ornation, -' ·-icluding agenc-'.es co·1tem;:., 1 ated a 1 1d nu.':'lb'::rs o,.. rerso11nel ~nvolved . ,.,,0-~· vrmr · nfornation, · t is o' e:catio11.ally essentfal that J?i.f'tr Arry 'Ieadq'lart"rs rerna-l n J,ero 111t1.1 line h.as aclva 1c,3d to Cassi '10 area . •t 1 1 * * CASERTA--n":GEr'Bi:.2 1, 1°43--Generel Glark co +>err d ith Ger~ral Gr-uenther, G-8neral , ~r nn, Colonel Hf")warrl, G8,.,er8l rouse a11d. Col o·rl :::k:cce, r 'it:r • articular refer1ni::e to t'1e a··!' --:u:;-rort of t,e rrorosed rttack. TIA le:.'t ' 1 is cor-r1rn-· poot at abo1:t O9OC' d th G-'311errrl T-1ran..n, J;_~igarJ.:er R·· chn.rdr.:or:. 81'1 l Captn. i 1 Lar.11 son, ris 'iri t:isl a-· de crid "ent to lC' Corr.., 'ai:1, ..,1--, re he co'u'Ffi'rP-d 1i +;h G'3ne:::·9.l r~cGreery, t e Corrs om.mnnder , a::1d Generc 1 T9T"tla.,. , Coml"'anc.>1,; t"he 50th D1vi ~ion. T•e -r,...11·1d them a:'.. A".r;e1· +,o co,.,.ni~nce tl,e att ac r r la :titto =hich wus to occm· t -' s eve11.~ n~ : rdlirn·· ;,1ary to t1 e ma:' ~ r:mse Ill attac}r tomorro= . Tl- erc1: fter, Goner-a:.. Cla.r 1c 1ent to tl>e 1/,tl D·" vi::::ion, 1 1 er9 . e co ,..er:.:·"'d with General 'Iawk8<,worth, tho 0 0 ::)-·vis-ion Command9r ., · renorf'l Clarl- 11c-ticerl at tre c~rm B···up:e cro'"'s.:.111 that there as P co·1s"'dArable accurmlat::on of traf'fic . •re tr-l'red to an • _ there !'lo sa-id. thet l'e as ')t certa,;11, but f) t1. o,1--'-it there 't'"a1 n. r·r~clol;li~,1ance of Ju 1--,.icrv.1 trafPi.c crosrt·ri,., t e ririge . 7 Il t'e co1.:·~e oP •~~ con'er0'1co ,.,_.tr 'tnne·~l 'cCref'\·y, rze1er 0 1 Clar1 - to 7 ('l I'i:'11 t 1:wt .;t .,,.; r;'1t b9 necessar·· to remove n rortion of t'1i:; 10- C0r1 G -:raffic no! ,::.M 4 n1 +r::i.t hridr;r:: to h~ · rlP,,..,s 'J7est of C:ar·,_a E>rd .s. :i:'1ortion of the correspo11.di•1r; American tra n+'ic to bridge::: east tl1ereof . 1 On bi.:i ret·Tn to n5 s com:- a-nJ rost , G'lncrnl Cl,rk ·' nctructed Generc 1 ~rann to stF:ps to see tr <it t'ie trnf,e,ic was ½e+ter ·-•e;r;u.7ded at th'.lt roir+ ~nd that noho:1" f'ro..,ser1 al:. Cr-.--.w '1-io c'id l"lot ',p,7° l-ius:l.,,,e.1s render·.,.ir; _.t n,ccssar;r. T1e 1 j_br'm s tl ere, 'te11eral C7 ar~~ Z"~d, shc-u 1 r' '"JR r " ,·ti. +,iy, --:t>m rr'lcision 11d 1 fo.} '3 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, October 27 - November 30, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from October 27-November 30, 1943. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1563 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/ea5bee2c7e93cd540945f8045858c18e.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=ONqWCLKkD-gNI-YSsyuET-qQOJYBpLBrUrj4s5jQ1j4B8x1f4zL9TAAVVy-QYfCoTih1pdleAK%7EqQXw1lY4bzO5nY5q2ixf7x5XdI4-zrDZOUg%7E75yygR5l9p6ah72CDiSlG1QV-vlZermFPGpqOvQCmDoZRc2CC%7ER4ZIvbKQAC4SxMg6k26lI7Cesc6E-VUDwjV4qs7M0nh41teB4hR6Tb8J0B9xqVs-NmTVtGRJBJnaXm%7EDUIZPeGvm95RmIyOeGYyp7P1pA2COyhOuMxLBuoZKRvxI6Khldp92BYFVEKxR7bFqFwDsnbHk56dQxXEl2ntUrS0A0dAcIVOkyIg-w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a1da4ee57266ac0748c328a3e53866bb PDF Text Text l5 1 T'1e fo lo -~n 6 sitrnr -as received from 10 Cor:r8 r.~in tonight= "Enemy ar i.ller~- · css f1c~ 4 -,e . r' V"3nent "rea GqOlOL,S l'pproxir1ate strength "2 companies 1 rriov-·: ,mt1-1, ot er f:last. EneTlly patrol ~nto i:; Thrrps position area S Carlo GQ3OC •lspersed by SA fire. o~n troops . 56th Division. 169th Brirade ' T B. . 168th '9rissade riatrols contacted 0nemy post G951048 ~nd Pl position ~~4~049 . 167t, 0 01st Brig~~es TR. 4\th Division. 2/4 Koyli patrol area Gqll0O1 fired on l·hen att0mptin~ to cross river ratrol leader hit and believed captured . 23rd Armored BriP,"ade . K:::) GS OP a.t 877963 received direct hit from 150mm. All jnformed. tt I I Corps issued the f ollovring -; ntelligence summary tonj eht : ''Very quiet jn ,orps sector . The enemy concentrated his artillery and infantry eapons -'n repulsing the reconna-issance ~n force by the Ranger battalion. 1 prisoner of captured at G974137 , -; dentified from 11 Co 15 FG regiment states his battalion in r1ount Lungo area . friso..,,er of vrar con,..irris that 4 of 1 our · men were captured by 9 Co 15 PG Regiment . 11 ,·,ar General Clark dispatched the following cable to General 1~senhower : 11 Have b"!en advised jnformally that your Advance Command 1 ost and the Command Post of ·AAF may be establishe ·1 n Caserta by lt:; December . Do not 1'."!low ,,,hether this is definite , nor o re h1ow extent of -installations coYtte!Tlplated . Since e::;tahl·ishr-" 1t of sue~ -~n.:itallaVons br dc.te i11.d·'co.ted may serfously int9r...ere with tl•e operation ac1d security of this lfoadT:iarters , re1uest r1efiP.i te in+'ornation, -' ·-icluding agenc-'.es co·1tem;:., 1 ated a 1 1d nu.':'lb'::rs o,.. rerso11nel ~nvolved . ,.,,0-~· vrmr · nfornation, · t is o' e:catio11.ally essentfal that J?i.f'tr Arry 'Ieadq'lart"rs rerna-l n J,ero 111t1.1 line h.as aclva 1c,3d to Cassi '10 area . •t 1 1 * * CASERTA--n":GEr'Bi:.2 1, 1°43--Generel Glark co +>err d ith Ger~ral Gr-uenther, G-8neral , ~r nn, Colonel Hf")warrl, G8,.,er8l rouse a11d. Col o·rl :::k:cce, r 'it:r • articular refer1ni::e to t'1e a··!' --:u:;-rort of t,e rrorosed rttack. TIA le:.'t ' 1 is cor-r1rn-· poot at abo1:t O9OC' d th G-'311errrl T-1ran..n, J;_~igarJ.:er R·· chn.rdr.:or:. 81'1 l Captn. i 1 Lar.11 son, ris 'iri t:isl a-· de crid "ent to lC' Corr.., 'ai:1, ..,1--, re he co'u'Ffi'rP-d 1i +;h G'3ne:::·9.l r~cGreery, t e Corrs om.mnnder , a::1d Generc 1 T9T"tla.,. , Coml"'anc.>1,; t"he 50th D1vi ~ion. T•e -r,...11·1d them a:'.. A".r;e1· +,o co,.,.ni~nce tl,e att ac r r la :titto =hich wus to occm· t -' s eve11.~ n~ : rdlirn·· ;,1ary to t1 e ma:' ~ r:mse Ill attac}r tomorro= . Tl- erc1: fter, Goner-a:.. Cla.r 1c 1ent to tl>e 1/,tl D·" vi::::ion, 1 1 er9 . e co ,..er:.:·"'d with General 'Iawk8<,worth, tho 0 0 ::)-·vis-ion Command9r ., · renorf'l Clarl- 11c-ticerl at tre c~rm B···up:e cro'"'s.:.111 that there as P co·1s"'dArable accurmlat::on of traf'fic . •re tr-l'red to an • _ there !'lo sa-id. thet l'e as ')t certa,;11, but f) t1. o,1--'-it there 't'"a1 n. r·r~clol;li~,1ance of Ju 1--,.icrv.1 trafPi.c crosrt·ri,., t e ririge . 7 Il t'e co1.:·~e oP •~~ con'er0'1co ,.,_.tr 'tnne·~l 'cCref'\·y, rze1er 0 1 Clar1 - to 7 ('l I'i:'11 t 1:wt .;t .,,.; r;'1t b9 necessar·· to remove n rortion of t'1i:; 10- C0r1 G -:raffic no! ,::.M 4 n1 +r::i.t hridr;r:: to h~ · rlP,,..,s 'J7est of C:ar·,_a E>rd .s. :i:'1ortion of the correspo11.di•1r; American tra n+'ic to bridge::: east tl1ereof . 1 On bi.:i ret·Tn to n5 s com:- a-nJ rost , G'lncrnl Cl,rk ·' nctructed Generc 1 ~rann to stF:ps to see tr <it t'ie trnf,e,ic was ½e+ter ·-•e;r;u.7ded at th'.lt roir+ ~nd that noho:1" f'ro..,ser1 al:. Cr-.--.w '1-io c'id l"lot ',p,7° l-ius:l.,,,e.1s render·.,.ir; _.t n,ccssar;r. T1e 1 j_br'm s tl ere, 'te11eral C7 ar~~ Z"~d, shc-u 1 r' '"JR r " ,·ti. +,iy, --:t>m rr'lcision 11d 1 fo.} '3 �efficiency as the Pennsylvania Railroad. General Clark wrote to General Dapino, Commanding the 1st Italian Motorized Brigade, commenting on the maneuver of that brigade which had just been completed. General Clark 1':rote that the maneuver had shown his Brigade to be in good spirits and capable of engaging in combat but that certain deficiencies, particularly in sanitation, had appeared and that these should be corrected immediately. The Army Commander today sent the following letter to his subordinate commanders: "On November 8th I wrote you a letter concerning tho welfare of our troops. I stressed therein that steps should be taken lf.o dispel any idea about tro'ops returnine from overseas duty to their horr1es. 1 ol'"'.. . ~ . \, "Unfortunately, our Stars and Stripes has stirred up this subject. An edi- · torial in that paper has provoked letters, a number of which were ubliahed a few days ago, from enlisted men urging that veteran tl·oops be returned to theil'(y homes a:nd that new divisions from the United States be brought into overseas p theaters to replace them. It is natural for many soldiers to wish to return to their homeland and to their loved ones without realizir1g the problems involved in such a program. 11 ! want you to teJce inanediate steps to see that this st bject is thoroughly 1 explained to all elements of your command by commanders of all echelons. It is obvious that, with the far-flung combat activities of our country, shipping :is the most important factor. Its limitatiors ill not perm1t the exchange of divisions betl'!een the United States and the various theaters. Even no,r we are struggling to build thie theater up to the strength required to accomplish our mission. Vie can give no thought to troops going home at the present time. Another most important consideration is the fact that these units are battleproven and have learned the hard way. We have had mariy casualties in bringing them to their present combat efficiency. It would be an unwarranted waste of · precious manpower to lose that experience and bring in new uni ts which ,,ould have to go through the heavy casualty period before they too were proficient in battle. "I am sure that you are aware of the fact that we are now operation on a rotation policy prescribed by NATOUSA whereby approximately 1/2 of 1 per cent of the command will return to the United States each month. A small number of individuals have already returned. For your in.formation British troops are consid~red eligible for return to England after they have been overseas more than 5 years. "As you Jr.now, I am bending every effort to have additional resources moved into this combat zone. ?.hen they arrive it will be possible to rotate units out of combat more frequently. We are expanding our recreational facilities in Naples so that Fifth Army un.i.ts will be able to enjoy a well earned rest." CASERTA--DECEf.iBER 2, 1943--General Clark left his cow.mand post at 08.30 with Captain Thrasher, his ADC, and went to II Corps command post where he met and ....., I �talked with General Keyes. Leaving the II Corps Command Post, and accompanied by General Keyes, the Army Commander travelled by jeep toward the 1st Special Service Force Command Post. As this command post v,as close to the base of Mount Camino, and under direct enemy observation, the General and his party dismounted from the vehicles, left them under cover and walked the last mile and a half to the command post. General Wilbur, Assistant Division Commander of the 36th Division, was conferring with Colonel Frederick, Commanding Offi• cer of the Plow Force, when General Clark arrived. The Army Commander reviewed the final aetails of the attack plan and spoke with the principal small unit commanding officers of the attacking forces in this locality. V!hile the party was walking back to the vehicles from this command post, about a dozen shells fell in the vicinity. The a·e neral continued to the vehicles and vdth the other officers went to the command post of the 36th Division where he was met by Generals Walker, Gruenther and Commander Butcher, General Eisenhower 1 e aide. The party then ,,ent to a point 1.8 miles north of the junction of the Presenzano road with Route #6 and climbed up about 1,000 feet to an observa- ~ tion point where they observed the ground over 1'.Thich the attack on Difensa and ,e, t!'aggiore was to occur this evening. The plan of the proposed attack by the J6th Division vias that the 142nd Infantry and the 2nd Regj_ment of Special Ser1 vice Force were to attack abreast; the 142nd to capture ~ount Maggiore, and the Plow Force to take f..iount Difensa. fter viewing the terrain from the observation post, General Clark returned to the 36th Division Cub Field and got into his plane, piloted by Major Valker of the Fifth Army Artillery Section. Major ~alker flew General Clark out over tignano and gave him an opportunity to view at relatively close range the· high ground to be attacked. During this flight the General came in line of our heavy artillery fire, the shells of which were flying thickly. General Clark then returned by Cub to Caserta. During the evening, he received reports that the 46th Division had been unable to occupy Calabritto but had occupied ground within 200 yards of it, from vrhich it could support by fire the attack to be launched this evening by 56th Division. Units which had attacked Cala.britto were the 5th Forester Battalion and the 2nd Leicester Battalion. The weather had cleared at noon December let and had remained bright and clear all day December 2nd, permitting air support bombardment to be carried out. This bombardment, however, had been marred by one episode occurring December 1st, of which reports reached General Clark early today. A group of B-25 1 s had mistaken their objective and had bombed American troops on the road running northeast from Venafro. Three Americans had been killed, 42 wounded and 16 vehicles had been destroyed by this bombardment. General Clark today received an order of the day issued bs; General Juin to �t he first troops o~ the French Expe ditionary Corps t o land in Italy. This order of t. ':l day 'rlas ; ssued .just be+>ore the 2nn l'-oroccan embarked . ::-t re m~ nded the :F'rench ,,f' .,_heir _,..ormer hero1 c exploits in :taly in yiP..st centllrfos , urged t 1em to v lo:· , lonor a.nd c.isci.,..,line Fnd reminded thr;n that ~n the:r relation" '1ri.+,h th3 ... t,, .l.:ans th0y shou1r e reserv ed without arro 6 .::nce , as the eyes of ..: ra:1.ce • e r e on tl, em. G"!ner a l BAucler wcs +,oday an::o~"1t9d a Drrr,uty C}'i'3f of Staff of h'-'-f'th Arr; 0 and ,rote a 1 ett01· to G=i11er, l Clf rv.: ; n l ich he m::rressed 11is gratitude anrl :pride at tl1is apr0·L:·1tm13nt . * * * r, CAS ~A--"::C I~~ 3, 10/1 --Gene,·'l.l ClA.rk re'Tiain9d Pt .d.., comrrn:'i r,ost to ,3 follow~-n • wi.,_, 1 1 careful attAntio:-1 -l-;h8 p.·o_r.r·ess o,;- t' e attr-ic'{ ~er , as ')e~_,7,,1 last l'l~ght . A,i ..,l~ .:: · "fl+, en, ·t )0C['ffi8 a,·"ar·rnt that vl-e ·rtense art~.llery rr"''"'nl't>.t::.o-.. ,, 10. & • r 1 ')ombar 'r3n-L , ["'1 dor.--i ~ ~,,, wrk. On t:1e F::. ~t> Arrv f:.e·on+, a. total nf' · 0•1.L., QO c '1'1on ·1E",d ')een c1:nc 0 rtratecl , fl"''1 f' c-lea!', colC: ..,.; g•1t ad -f'i=;c--1.l·ta-l;ad t!ie rdv<"nce . n:r -vrc,n·r-,,. ·t:, I.,0; :'0i'ce 1 1rd rJac: id ~+,s ·sec'Jnd ob·ject-· ve anl rero:·ted that ··t YJected ·o c consol')dated trer8 by 0000 i.n the T'!orn~:r. ... . T'1e 1.!..2 1d I'1.Mlntry rad m de y--,·o ;re"', accoru·r:.; to c edul8 . G8neral Cl8.r1: 0:xrre,:sed 1 ·,1.-;e!~ A.~ AS"'ecial1y: eeseJ with th"' •wcess '1f th9 Flor, Ti'orce , ~s th·s "S t ' ,w''~ r·l· t 9.Ction . O_,.. t' ,-,:·r ~-· y l-:,11-:~t, 1-'oris, "'~ve ,ere comrr ,dod " C r'lc1 'a'l o ~f: cci1· J , l".1-:.hrur;l +l o ~ j or.:.ty of tl.e t.roops :ere of' Uni"t,3d vtri.tes all0giflnce . rlO'l Force "'"'' evi:m· ·:1g 'y l t'.lh:m SO fr.::.:o:rv:irs . GenA •·al Gr•1r>nt or i:i,,q't-'rec-1 o·"' Crci110rsl •rou"e dtu'in"' +,re ,]:1y s ~- J t! A r~l .+,ive :no nts of ~ir- :"1a11nrl. .c-01· tl e ;j13'· ·L l hrmy attack .,.,_c: Fift1' /\.rmy <1:,+,Fn 1•, t1111.'. GP.'1er8l ·ouse · rforl"!ed '1~"'1 t':.c t ~o,-· +·1e F-ifth Arny air rre;)flrat.io11 a 'lquadl'ol' mo:c0 of ½o,.,,bn.rdme.r'; f: i·"crr- "t 1f 1 beer1 nsed bp1 had evnr ber:m nsea for tl e ..::igr.t. Ar-my. '1,..,.,...,_,r.<11 Chu:·1: -l;od· y rmter+,f ·"led at lu11~r"'on Ge· ,...rel 'i.d"!leton ,J.y) ms lea.vi11.- -"'01· A1--· ,.,..s e··1J. :rec· 1 r: Jl;r f'o-,.· tle ' Tritc,r Jtr-1-;er-: , rs a rP.r-u.lt of an a,.-t,1,·•~tic lr,r,-::ie wh-·c:1 h d h90:::0"'le ag11·-v1.t,:,r hy tie }, ·re hi.,.._, of -"~,...1r1 nervice . T1'1; G0:ri,:;r nl -,1s0 .,...0~eiv0, a c1:ll -l'rom feJo,,. r,,.,.,,_,,r1:l ..,1'-:. ~1 1-'o We:: l.efv:h.3 to :oin f"ienercl /·,illwell ~n C'1~na as De~uty Commander . G8r.,ral Cln•1r R~so re ce1vAd 'l C.'.'l] +'r0m r·r . ,'ate-on of ·+:he n ltit'lore u'lh, a:•1 0ld -C'ri'"'nl of-' tre Gcs".1.eral 1s , :t0 ms leavi:r~ for t e r11~t9d. Ste.ten . 0 I. +,'1e even:no- , G8'1lr'.ll c1~r1r en-Lertri 1Dd rt, 1.i" '1.'1:..~ ri:r . ··11.ig I'i"holson o+' ReutPrs , r\.' . C1 .[ .rk Lee 0: nt..,.:rnPtiripa: T.; rs Jervice r'l'ln_ \• • Geo:r•n-9 r-: c'~-; 0 . . t•1e B1 "l" ·•0t or}:. ':'hese corre"r ()~Hient'3 f Y • () ' t tr ch-:d to T"3arl p ...A.rt~r .J Fifth Ar·f';y end '"31'8 i:resc:31-l;erl +o t ' 8 G1=>nnral b:, Lt . Co_ . K. VI . C.,EJr 1·, }u-.,..::·c Rel1'1tions Of·"'icer of ifth Army. '.:'rm" gh'· t.1 rE' ,..r:. . iv .d -l:, Ge~ !re 1 C:£..:2': 1s co.. n ... · ,.. t !"'!'.:ii•:- or vi -,iti116 '3iar oMr• C! t-3 J- o Tiere ente-.-tR ·ried ~t G.'n'1er '1.f Colonc,1 ..>nltz"la"l f'rd •;ho ver8 qu r-t~red ~ n r, n__,1· 1 Alexn lc1er ' ,.. Cc m: • Tl'e~· C01'1S.; steel or G9'1P,W 1 asil--'. o~f' 3~I". 9~ tl Jolodovn3k, Cnlonel )11dF.kon.n, ra~or .....,0"9~~i c..OV', L .!' (")"1+e11 nt 1)1~11bev .. l 0 1 G9ner['l Cl•rlr 'l""'otE> Ge11ertl J•1~r +:.oh~, ,..xpr9J"°ir, ',-· yr-·o.e n 1rl saVs"·ct.ion -~n t'1e f ct t:,,i;, ,1le•1c,:d 1111:,s of' tLe rsn'!· :x erliti0"lary Corps have ioi119d t:18 F-ift:1 Ju·my. ''i r, ~t1 c-1• ~xte"l.J;rl tl •=w E' corf· 1 ·111corrio E>nd ~'1.+'crmed +,1-,.,,m of' i·_, coif-'.1e1t eJqnctaticn "S t o t e r1;s+,·11~ · ..,hAd :rc:.rt tre.1·01.,_d la' - n t1 1 '1 •·'.Pni".l.~ ,..,+> t'e battl,,.. '~ch 1 · e [l'leP.r: . : �The Army Commander wr ote Juin today explaining that it \ Ould only be necessary that operat ional m essages pasa through t his Headquarters. GcmerA:?. 'Jbr} r .c:e'vp,' 8 le ..,ter f'::_~0m -!;he "nyor· o::' o,1jd[' tod.ay. TJ:,~s lett9r to 7 il 0f -':-h.3 r-r--at :'..e~sur9 ·t: •J:,.:..cl:. ~:" 'or k,: ~~0"1 11 E'cl rAceived Gen9l'E'l c~arl , ... lGt+...,r ~.,.. Oc ober 10th r1.d ..;nf0rP1ed G1m9r"l Clark t:,at C jda md 11~me rt s :ocre E'ftnr ,i_m 1: :-1 rad 11.E'm9d a .~~1•.,;r~ , "Boule· rd o-1" tl e Fifth Army. 11 . * * CA.J.u"l.TA --DEC";' 'ER 4, ,91e3--G-;>1.erf'l ClPrk rent th~_:3 ay rt hin command post co"lferr:in; with ',-"s '1k..£'f o~fic~r~ r11J rec9ivi11.-: r,vJ. co,...rPlPti,1:r trP re'orts ~ow" r, i; "n of' tr P ~ucc9s ... f'•1l ·1cc,"'m::-l 5 ghnl'mt o.,,.. t:1e "irst ,..:i--iE's8 0f' the e-ttack r'escr~bf-'d ·'n rrer ~::.ons .,.1nt.:~uc.i:.::.o'l 1111. : tre "lose ,..,f' -!;le 0f'y, ,t <i.s ,.,v::_ fo ,~ t' _<1t tl A ~ttac1· }1 d hPen complete 1y sncce "'f' 1l. :'' e f ollo .: 11s ,'j_sratch to l}e11.er9,l A1.exe.rdAr f'rorr ":re'1'!rQ 1 Clflr 'c nw~ ~... · ze ~ t 1e opera:l;icn A.'l'l.t its re·-r,lts : 11 3u~crA~t fo~ lo,i"'; Y'";l'"'"'10 of o~ r-ecorcl l-i!1'!lrr.-ro1•>1. ma-l:;e·•-' :::. to ( I rre<1s: A ft9r '1 p,ri•rv anc: cont· r 1 •ous -"-: ,' 1 t · 11 ~ ·i:-·v-:'1 +;1"' R ~+8rnoon of 2 Jecember , Allied troors of the t '.i+>t:t Arm:r rave crar:\. 0-d :ci_1(l ro 1-,n ·n ·o +,r•" 0.ri r y' 8 s4;ro11e defey,c-es n 1 ?•01''1, Gnm~no Ein..-1 ~curt •• r.~i.ore . 0 "' 1d r1ritL11t r i 11 ~as ~e'1 , : ose rer ', + m"Ter to '3 , COO f'eet , form o'1e mo"t i.mro· ·tant h c,t-'ons i11. 4:.h9 <119my 1 3 u·nter ,., 1--. , <'>'1cl r,;- <J.rd the left entrance +.o t' e L· r~ 11" lP.r +,h·o'1_sh r}-:ct ru:'ls the rord to Rore . 11 These 1..,1 o-1" t 1 .., 0unt C T1~ no nnd r•n•w1t t•qgr,~ ore 'v,r.-, he,'l.vi.ly fort, if.: Gd . "'he rme □y 1 S c nn~i ve ,.. osi.~,;on::; , rrnn r blr sted out c" trie , rocir.:-1,ou, wa, l □ of +,h9 h·· r,;r.est 1e· sum.-nits , 7Are -it,,.o"l~er tL9.'1 nnyt -:n; +,ln 1i"i+'tll Arrry h.acs P.nco,mtAred si11c0 the 11cnd::.,.. -:;1 ori O J'°': tenb9r o 1. +,' 9 bP.acl "s of ..;<:'..Arno y. ttr trT'1e n.+,t c'· j'lIT -,d_ c,f'.P r Ul'~ n~ q.i.,8 a-f't0~-·noon on 2 Decemb r ,.: 'v'1 C0'1\!9"'ltrcted 1 art-i, lery "~re f'roI'l r1111dreds of' ,..,r·iti ,h ind •\;rre:.~.:c~.11 r:-nnn . m A P,t'.'1.3 Yli:.ire Sf' ced only a fe1 ye_rds f: rart ~ ' +he r"p-' J ·"ir9 · c Mhes i, lu_,,,-· '1A.ted 4:.1 e l'!ountrys-ic..e "or m:lles . Po C.TG"ter rr·~.;1,cry 1 "ir9 J0IT0r r"l'3 ever he~n emrlo.red .:r. th.:s 1 treA.ter . Duri.n t ' 0 c ay our a··rcrpf't C"rried 01t auccessful "1o:"b'n; 'nd ~traf-~ro; nis~-i..011n -~n ,-,.-1,,.;n,; close surpol"t t0 r;round op-,rat-"ons . 0 0 ·... nund9r ~ovqr o-;: ,1ar 1c11ess o·.tr troors A.ss,,,,11 t9d the "irst n.n'3r.1y st:rnngrolds on t e lo7Jer rlores of r•ou.nt Cn.minn, in t 11e r> r er of Co.labritto . T 1e , hole re~ion hf',d been strewn vitli rrin9s r>nd v-~re , and the enerr1y tr~ed to stop our adVP11ce w.; -l:,h mach.:ne PU"1 , morta r ancl art: ller y -""re . Allied troops ·ept r,oing, f:gr-t~ng t,eir 1a.y ur st0er tr·ails <J.11.c1 over hcirren rock<- to '1er,,.,~>1. ros~_tio·1ri . "Ie quickl y oveITan sev'3ral citrong poj ts ' i c}-, th9 9'1emy '1ad 'J PJ:nt weeks in cons tr •ctins .;n Dn effort to delA.y ,t11e Fiftli Army ' s fldV'lnce t ovm.rd Rome . "Mount CA.m" no , • h-ich 1-" es to tre ~outh of r•ount r'ar::r;iore , co"l~ists of se vera l pe11.ks "l.''1d ridges . Tl.e +, ree· ~ost formid11.ble .Ave b9en n:i c mBmed by t 1e t roors " T "0na5tery Pi 11'1 , "Bare Botton R' dge" f'.nr TIP zorb~ c1r n-· dge 11 • Peavy -"igl t .• no; is ; n rrogress .; n t hese areas . T're assa11lt on !'ount Camino was r9.de b ritish troops "M.ch hnd distinruished t 8mselves on the 'l)eac'bes rnd · n t 1 m nt nj '1s :111 t he Srilerno rrea . 1e m 11 �'\ ~ �11 Tied 'n w-ith the attack on Mount Camino was the si.mult nGous l'ssnult on ~o,mt !".o.ggiore, wh-ich 'ms Made by Amerjcan troops, some of whom had particip11ted so successfully in the or·i r,inal lancn nr,s ~ n Italy. "The enemy • s wi nter li "'19 in t, is r-.roa is anchored in the Camino- ~ag-iore featnre . The r:reat import:ince 111':ich e attaches to jt -is shovm by the extensive .,.ortifjcations wMch he has constructed over a considerable r-eriod of time . There are co 11crete dur,outs and protected gun positions reminiscent of the first World \7ar . I nsupply presented one o:"' the major problems of the attack. Food and ammunition have to be taken up to front l:ine troops by horses and mules , or by men struggling over stony goat tre.ils .-vi th packs on their backs . "The attack was preceded by a period of detailed .o..nd painstaking preparations , whi ch jncluded aggressive day and night patrolling, regroupjng of combat forces , and the buildjng up of R.mple stocks of mnmunition and supplies . \ During practically the entire period the Army front was a sea of mud from almost daily ra·ns . On the day the attack started the weather was clear but ever since rain, from li r;ht showers to torrential downpours , hRs fallen . This gives our forces an additional heavy handicap to overcome in sroashing the enemy. in terrajn dj-1:'ficult even to climb, let alone a.ssault and capture 11.gainst a\0._~.,1/1-' strongly entrenched fo e. " ~ /¥~ "1 --(iv , I'~~ r-tJ'I'" y General Clark entertajned at dinner the Russian officers who were visitin1; the Fifth Ar my Command Post: General Vasilieff , General ~olodovnek, Colonel Sudakoff , M ajor Bobelikov and Li eutenant Golubev and also the officer s accompanyinP,' them, Lt . Col. Rea , Lt . Col. Bernier and Major Anderson. The Russian visitor s were greatl y impressed b;r their visit to the Fifth Army front , partj cularly b,r the rugged character of the terrain and by the amount of shell"'ire to which they were subjected. One British Fifth Army Staff officer , Major ' Renwick , who had been accompanying them, had been wounded by a shell fragment and had had to turn back. They also coT"Inented on the fact that able-bodied young Americans were working on the highway, while Italians were still in civilian life and expressed some curios~ty as to why the Ital:ians were not put to work on the roads . General Clark received the followinr; personal cable from General Alexander: "Following received fro111 General Eisenhower . 1 P1ease tell both Clark and ~.'ontgomery that :r contemplate their recent accomplishments with great satj sfaction and am looking forward hope-f'ully to prompt and decisive advrmce . 111 The Army Commander r1 ispatched the followj n~ cable to Ge11.eral Keyes: "Congra~ulations upon th0 success the II Corps has attrd ned in its .r-jrst o+>fensive action under Fifth A:r-my cor.inand . Your careful rlannino-, coupled with the fine artill~r-y support of corps rrnd div: sions, paved the vmy for the successful attacks by the 11Sth D:lvision and the Spec_'.al S8rv~ ce Force . The capture of t"re im:'."'ortant Defensa-J!aggiore f'el'1ture will rermit the renewal of the advance of J?ifth Army to t'1e north. Pleaae extA 11d to vour o~fic"'rs :-nd msn 5'1.volv,=.,d in this O'!eration rey ·-·arm epprec· <>tiori o"' th-,.:.r- splendid ef'forts. 11 I The ~rmy Commander wrote each of Corps Commanders explaining the current instructions with regard to interviews with the press. �(51 Mr . Mark flatson, correspondent for the Baltin1ore Sun, departed for the States tod~y, and G neral Clark handed him a letter, the full text of hich is quoted below: "It is with real regret that I see you leave the Fifth Army . Before you dep~rt, l want you to know how much we have appreciated hav1ng you with us. ~e feel as though you e.re a uember of our family . You vrere v,i th us during the formative days :tn North Africa and you were v,ith us during the Fifth Army ' s baptism to fire . "During the time you have been with us I have read many of your stories . You have served your readers and your newspaper well by your admirable presentation of the story of this Allied crunpa:1.gn. All of us are grateful for the things you have wr.tten about tho Fifth Army. "Y e are extremely eorry to have you go . 11 of us had hoped you would ste.y with us a little longer--at least until we ca.ptlll'e Rome. I look fone.rd to seeing you again soon. "{,'ith evely best ,.-ish, I um, 11 * * * CASERTA-•DECEMBER 5, 1943--General Clark today remained at his command post, having numerous conferences with various officers. At 0830 he received Major General John C.H. Lee, Commanding General, SOS, ETOUSA, together with Lt. Col. Beeler, the Chief of his Operations Section. He then conferred with Colonel John Haskell and Lt. Col. Decarlo of Marshal Badoglio's Secretariat. Colonel Decarlo brought General Clark the best wishes of Marshal Badoglio and expressed the hope of the Marshal that it might soon be possible for Italian troops to enter combat against the Germans. General Clark spoke of the good reports he had from the Italian Motorized Brigade and said that he hoped soon to employ it in an appropriate sector. At noon the General entertained at lunch Major General Lucas with Colonel Gallo•ay, his Deputy Chief of Staff, and Captain Eyston, his aide. After lunch he received a visit from General Beucler, Chief of the French Mission, and Monsieur Rene Massigli, Foreign Minister of the French Government in Algiers. M. Massigli said that he had come to call on General Clark and pay his respects because of the presence of French troops in the Fifth Army. He said that the French were proud to serve with the Fifth Army- and that the people in Algiers would follow their course with interest. General Clark said that he was happy to have the French troops under his command and that he expected great things of them . • In the evening, the General entertained at a buffet supper and showing of the movie, ."The Remarkable Mrs. Halliday": General House, General Moran, General Lewis, General Brann, Brigadier Richardson, General Beucler, Colonel Martin, Colonel Vincent, Colonel Bruce, Colonel W ilbur and a nur.iber of other officers, totalling 24. Today General Clark received the follow1.ng message from General Keyes in reply to the Army Commander's message of yesterday: 11 Deeply appreci at e your me ssage of congr atulations which has been trans- �l58 mitted throughout II Corps." * * * CASERTA--DECEMB.ER 6, 1943---General Clark left his command post at about 09.30 with General Gruenther and Lt. Col. Sutherland and went by jeep to the command post of II Corps located a short distance west of Route #6 just north of the hamlet of Santa Maria. Here he discussed the progress of the battle with Major General Keyes and expressed himself as well satisfied with the results thus far achieved by II Corps troops. He then went on up to the 36th Division command post where he talked further with General Walker. GenerE1.l Walker said, in substance, that the 36th Division had completely attained the objectives thus far assigned to it in the attack. General Clark then drove back to the village of Spara.nise to the command post of 10 Corps, where he conferred at some length with General Mccreery, Commanding 10 Corps, and then had lunch with General J,icCreery's senior staff officers. General Mccreery stated that the Monastery had been occupied by British troops the night before but that the Germans still held some high positions commanding it and had driven the 56th Division troops out of the Monastery itself by mortar and small arms fire. They intended to go back this evenins Qeneral Clark, leaving 10 Corps command post, drove to the 95th Ev&cuation Hospital on Route #6, where he met Lt. Col. Sauer who commands the hospital and visited some of the wards and the operating room. It was noteworthy that some of the seriously wounded men in the hospital belonged to the Special Service Force which had made the attack in the southern part of the 36th Division sector. The General then returned to his command post, where he received a call from Brig. Gen. Aaron Bradshaw who had commanded an anti-aircraft brigade in Sicily and who was about to be transferred to the command of an anti-aircraft brigade in the Fifth Army. General Bradshaw expressed eagerness to get this assignment which would give him a chance for more active duty than he had been having in Sicily. General Bradshaw and C~lonel Robinson were General Clark's guests for dinner. Returning from the 95th Evacuation Hospital, the Generel passed a long line of trucks and motorcycles of the Italian Motorized Brigade moving northward on Route #6 to go into position for the attack on ~ount Lungo early on December 8th. In this connection an interesting episode was r~ported to General Clark on December ?th. A Field Artillery reconnaisaance party from the Italian Motorized Brigade going up on Mount Maggiore for reconnaissance was captured by the 142nd In• fantry. However, they soon established their identity and were duly released. * * * CASEB:l'A--DECEMBER 7, 1943--General Clark left his command post at about 0900 and went to the cub field at Caserta where he and Lt. Col. Sutherland got into two cubs. They flew to an improvised cub field near Alife, landing in mud, water and among shell holes. Here the General was met by Major General Lucas, Command• ! ing VI Corps, who took him to the command post of..___the 2nd Mo~n Divisi~ _ There General Clark was received with the customary French-military onors, ana the members of the Division staff were presented to him by General Dody. General Clark spoke to them briefly, saying that he was proud to have the 2nd Moroccan Division in his command, and he expected great things of them in the coming operations in which they were about to participate. General Dody, on behalf of his officers, said that they would do all that was possible and asked only a chance to get into battle. �l09 General Clark, accompanied by General Dody and General Lucas, then visited each of the three regimental areas: The 4th Moroccan, the 5th Moroccan and) the 8th Moroccan. In each instance he was received with a guard of honor and in each he inspected the guard, met the officers and briefly glanced at the regimental area. At the area of the 8th Moroccan Regiment his party was joined by General Juin, General Beucler and General Roosevelt. During this trip, General Clark talked with General Dody and General Juin regarding the relief of the 34th Division by the 2nd Moroccan Division. General Dody said that, as directed by General Lucas, the two combat teams of the 34th now in the line would be relieved from right to left, first the 4th RTM relieving the 133rd Infantry on the evening of December 7th, and the 5th RTM relieving the 135th on the evening of December 8th; the 8th Moroccan remaining in Division reserve. At the 5th Moroccan area, General Clark shook hands with the bandleader who had been stationed with his band in Oujda and who had played at the presentation to General Clark of the Legion of Honor. The General then returned by cub to his command post. At five o'clock the General received General Vasilieff, General Solodovnek, and Colonel Sudak.off, the senior Russian officers visiting Fifth Army Headquarters. They expressed admiration for the American effort and pleasure at having had the opportunity to visit an American Army in combat. General Clark had as guests for dinner this Lt. Col. Porter, and then attended the opera, La Caserta Palace under the auspices of the Special Carlo Company. In addition to Colonels Saltzman and Thrasher and Lieutenant Bajenow. evening Colonel Saltzman and Boheme, presented at the Services Officer by the San and Porter, Captains Lampson The following important messages were received and dispatched today: Personal for Clark from Montgomery. RN 444. "Would like to fly Naples tomorrow, 8 December, and have talk with you. Will arrive in my C-47 at same airport as I used last time at 1100 hours. Could you meet me there1 We can talk in my airplane and then I will f~ back here." Personal from Clark to Montgomery. NRN. "Regret exceedingly that I will be unable to confer with you tomorrow, December 8th. Have been called to conference elsewhere by CINC. If weather does not interfere with my return, would be delighted to see you at same place and time December 9th." Personal from Clark to Montgomery. RN 1975. "Cannot manage 9 December. Very anxious get your precise battle situation. Will come Naples tomorrow and would be grateful if you could send Brigadier Richardson or possibly your Chief of Staff to meet me on airfield and give me your situation." Personal for Montgomery from Clark. RN 4957. "My Chief of Staff, General Gruenther, will meet you at Capodichino Airport 1100 hours, December 8th. Sorry I shall be unable to see you." Personal from Clark to Mccreery. RN 4937. "My hearty congratulations to the 10 Corps on its success in recent offensive action culminating in the cap• ture of the Mt. Camino feature. The capture of this formidable objective by elements of 46th and 56th Divisions, ably supported by the Corps Artillery, and �combined with the action of the 23rd Armored Brigade, is a major accomplishment in the Fifth Army's advance to the north. Please express my deep appreciation to all officers and other ranks taking part in this operation for their excellent work." * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 8, 1943•-During the night General Clark was informed by radio that a distinguished visitor would arrive at Palermo the following day and that it would be appreciated if he attended the gethering with five officers to receive the Distinguished Service Cross. Accordingly, General Clark left his command post at 0615 by car, accompanied by Colonel Saltzman and Lt. Col. Sutherlend, and went to Capodichino where he boarded a B-25 plane which had been provided by the XII Air Support Command. The General took off at 0715 and landed at Castelvetrano airport at 0830. A considerable wait ensued, during which General ~mold and General Spaatz arrived with General Curtis, General Spaatz• Chief of Staff. At about ~ 1415 a B-17 arrived and there descended from it the President of the United States with an entourage consisting of Mr. Harry Hopkins, Admiral Leahy, General Eisenhower, General Watson and oth~r staff officials. The entire party mounted in jeeps and went before a guard of honor, where the President decorated Colonel Reuben H. Tucker, Lt. Col. Joseph B. Crawford, 1st Lt. William C. Kellogg, 2nd Lt. Thomas F. Berteau, 2nd Lt. Edwin F. Gould. At the conclusion of these decorations, the President called General Clark's naMe and to the surprise of the General, and pleasure of ev~ryone else present, pinned a Distinguished 1 Service Cross on General Clark. The President also handed General Clark a letter reading as follows: "I am very sorry to miss seeing you, but much as I wanted to come to Italy to see you at the front and to greet your fighting Array there, I was told I just could not gol "You and your Fifth Army are doing a magnificent job, under the most trying conditions imaginable. Eye witnesses have told me about the fighting, so I know how tough it is. "I have also been told of your personal courage in leading your forces, and especially of your gallantry in those first despGrate days after the landing, when by personal example and fine inspiration to your officers at the front line, there was averted a critical situation in which the enemy might have burs' through with disastrous results. "Keep on giving it all you have, and Rome will be ours and more beyondl "I am grateful to have such a staunch, fighting general. 11 The President of the United States, together with General Clark and the other distinguished officers present then reviewed the troops. The General then briefly attended a reception in honor of the President, mounted his B-25 and returned to Capodichino, arriving at rbout 1730. In addition to Colonel Saltzman and Lt. Col. Sutherland, ·General Clark took with him, on the return trip, Major John Boettiger, who had accompanied the President on his tour, and was returning to Naples. ) �\ Co I to Naples. Returning to his command post, General Clark found that the tactical situation was less favorable than he had hoped it would be. The Italian Motorized l{ Brigade has been repulsed on Mount Lungo by a counter-attack, and the 36th y Division had not yet occupied Mount Sammucro. t,s Today General Montgomery flew over to Capodichino and, in the absence of D~ f General Clark, conferred with General Gruenther about the tactical situation. (e. ► He suggested to General Gruenther a shift of one division. During the evening ..r General Clark dispatched the following telegram to General Montgomery: RN 7291. "No objection to shift of one division as discussed with my Chief of Staff today. Sorry I was unable to meet you. Reynolds in excellent health." General Clark today said that the 36th Division reported that they had counted 279 German dead in the present attack and that the total loss in dead of the Fifth Army was 168. General Clark commented on the fact that the °"\SUalties of the Fifth Army had not been light; since the original landing we had lost about 23,000 casualties all told. The American experience was that about 25% of the wounded returned to the fighting units. General Clark today also received notice that he had been awarded the K.B.E., Knight of the British Empire, by the British government and received the following congratulatory message from General Alexander: "My warmest congratulations on the award of the K.B.E. to you." The following important messages were received and dispatched today: From II Corps to CG, Fifth Army. NRN. "On Maggiore about 2000A German Combat patrol contacted and repulsed, some German casualties. Rangers advancing NW Ceppagna received some MG fire vicinity Hill 950. No contact against 143 Inf during attack on Sammucro. Until summit reached where some mortar fire was received. Some patrol activity on Lungo during night and enemy mortar fire being received that vicinity. Heavy MG and mortar fire being encountered on Mt. Lungo from the vicinity Hill 343 G 962137." Personal for Clark from Mccreery. RN 0869. "Very many thanks for your kind congratulations. All ranks 10 Corps value most highly your appreciation of our efforts and are proud to serve under you." (See General Clark's message to General McCreary, set out in the diary of 7 December). Intelligence summary from II Corps. RN R-4122-25. "Enemy resistance on Mount Lunge has been stubborn throughout the day. Italian forward elements reached hill 343 at 0800 but were forced to retire because of heavy mortar and machine gun fire. Two platoons counterattacked from the S flanks of Lungo at approximately 0900 A forced withdrawal to the original positions. The Mt. Sammucro area stubborn resistance was re~t near the summit with the defense being well supported with artillery and mortar fire. Resistance has been stubborn northeast of San Pietro. Forward elements approximately G9919, G9818, G9916, G9815, G9715, G965140, G965135, G9613, G9413, G930135, G9212, G9309 at 1200 A. Positions are essentially unchanged at 1900A. Prisoners of war taken west of hill 96o from 1 Company PGR 2 who stated his company position V 09213 and that 3 Company was in line but, location is unknown, and 2 Company had suffered heavy casualties on the 6th of December." �From II Corps to CG, Fifth Ar~. RN 4. "3 Rangers not on objective, Hill 950. Reforming on NE slopes for assault night 8/9 December. 1 Battalion 143 Infantry consolidated objective Hill 1205. 3 Battalion 143rd Infantry 985169, 2 Battalion at 985162 advancing on S PIETRO against stubborn resistance. 1 MTZ CP (IT) withdrew to original positions at 968.22 and 973128. 1st Regiment SSF relieved by elements 142 Infantry. Stubborn and well organized enemy resistance encountered on 36 Division front, particularly S PIETRO area. Enemy artillery on increased scale." The casualties in 10 Corps in the recent attack were estimated at Officers OR's Killed 19 78 Wounded 31 510 Missing -l ...1l 661 53 * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 9, 1943-•This morning the Assistant Secretary of War, Mr. John J. McCloy, together with Brigadier General Holmes and Lt. Col. Gerhardt, arrived for an inspection visit. After the Secretary and the officers had conferred with General Clark and General Gruenther, they left by jeep for the command post of II Corps, where they were met by General Keyes and taken to his situation room. The G-2, G-3 and Artillery Officer of the II Corps gave a summary of the situation, illustrated by maps. The Italians were working on Mount Lungo. The Rangers were seeking to take Hill 950 but had not yet got it. A battalion of the 143rd Infantry was on Sammucro, a second battalion was attacking San Pietro and meeting stiff resistance, including pillboxes and dug-in positions, a third battalion was echeloned to the right rear. The 142nd Infan• try was occupying Difensa and Hill 907, relieving the Special Service Force, the bulk of which was on its way back to Santa Maria. German artillery bad fired upon our troops shells up to 210mm. The II Corps, however, had 426 guns in place ready to fire in the II Corps area. Thereafter the party went from Headquarters II Corps to Headquarters 141st Infantry and the Italian Motorized Brigade which were located together at a point several miles northwest of the junction of Route 6 and the Presenzano road. Here General Clark and Secretary McCloy discussed the situation with General Dapino and with Colonel Werner, Commanding the 141st Infantry. General Dapino told General Clark that his men bad suffered badly in the Lungo effort; that at first they had advanced fairly well onto the feature, but that they had been caught in heavy cross fire and had suffered heavy casualties. He was unable to give the exact number, as yet, but thought they had lost at least JOO men from the force used in the attack. He stated that his battalions were badly shaken and thought that they should be relieved and given a chance to reorganize. General Clark told General Dapino that he was of the same opinion. The General subsequently gave directions to General Keyes to place a battalion in the rear of the Italia.n force, in order to eliminate any chance of a ·German break-through at that point. The General's determination on this subject was �rendered stronger by the fact that a patrol of 20 Germans had penetrated with impunity deep into the Italian position to a blown bridge on Rotondo and had finally been driven off without loss to themselves. After leaving General Dapino at Colonel Werner's command post, the party went by jeep to the command 'post of the 45th Division where they were met by General Lucas and his Chief of Staff and entertained at lunch by General Eagles, Commanding that Division. After lunch General Clark left the party in order to take up the problem of rectifying the condition created by the Italian reverse at Mount Lungo, while the Assistant Secretary of War, General Holmes and Colonel Gerhardt, accompanied by Lt. Col. Sutherland, were taken by General Lucas to his command post and, thereafter, to the command post of the 2nd Moroccan Division, where they were met by General Dody and where the Assistant Secretary of War was shown certain elements of the 2nd Moroccan Division which had not yet gone forward to relieve the 34th Infantry Division. Thereafter, the Assistant Secretary visited the 15th Evacuation Hospital and returned to the Fifth Army command post at 1800 hours where Mr. McCloy and his party were entertained by General Clark at dinner. _ General Clark today replied to General Alexander's radio of congratulations on his award of the K.B.E., as follows: "I am greatly honored to be the recipient of the award of the K.B.E., and deeply appreciate your message of congratulations." The following situation report was received from II Corps tonight: "During day our patrols from Mount Maggiore at G964115 came ~cross an abandoned mortar position with mortar intact and an abandoned MG position at G967113. Small groups or enemy seen and fired on in area G922155 and G922132. German counterattack on Hill 1205 repulsed at 091440A. 11 * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 10, 1943--General Clark conferred at 0900 with General Ryder who had been in the 36th Evacuation Hospital for several days suffering from shingles but had now recovered. The subject of their conversation was a condition which had arisen in the 34th Division and which had given General Clark much concern for a number of days. The background of this situation and or General Clark's conversation with General Ryder is as follows: The morale in the 34th Division in the judgment of General Clark w~s by no means what it should be. Recently some 40 enlisted men of the division had left their units without permission and gone off to Naples for a number of days. Several had been tried and convicted of misconduct in the presence of the enemy. On November 29th Messrs. Gammack and Dixon, two correspondents representing the Des Moines Register and Tribune, and the Associated Press respectively, had written dispatches which however had not been forwarded for publication, commenting on the facts and on the sentences of dishonorable discharge and ten years• imprisonment which had been imposed. The dispatches were sob stories, one-sided in character, and tended to make heroes of the men who had quit their units. The stories stated that a Colonel, 40 of whose men had declined to enter combat, had appealed to them to buck up, but seven had persisted in their refusal. On December 4th General Clark had directed letters to the Commanding Generals of the II and VI Corps, identical in terms, as follows: �"The results of a number of recent trials by courts-martial for offenses under Article of War 75, which deals with misbehavior before the enemy, have been brought to my attention informally. Although in some instances the sentences awarded by the courts are deemed adequate in others totally inadequate sentences of five and ten years confinement were awarded. "I cannot impress upon you too strongly my views as to the serious nature of the offense of misbehaviour before the enemy. It strikes at the very foundation of battlefield discipline and each case gives aid and comfort to .our enemy. In awarding punishment the court is bound to consider the deterrent effect of the sentence awarded as well as the imposition of adequate punishment upon the individual concerned. In this connection I am inclosing copies of a letter from the Commandar-in-Chief wherein views similar to those expressed above are set forth. "Accordingly it is my desire that, prior to the initial assembling of a court martial for the trial of a case or cases under Article of War 75, the corps or division commander who appoints the court shall personally advise members of such courts concerning the serious nature of this particular offense. Members of the court may be interrogated, principles may be discussed and past errors of courts may be reviewed. Such discussions and advice should of course be general in nature and have no connection with a pending case. Thus the new court will be instructed prior to the trial of such oases in the hope that criticism of the court after trial will be unnecessary. "Will you please convey my desires in this matter to each commander of a divis~on of United States troops serving under your command." In the opinion of General Clark the morale situation in the 34th Division reflected a lack of forceful leadership in the Division Commander which had been reflected in certain of his subordinate commanders and thus had produced weaknesses in the morale of the troops themselves. The Divisional Commander had hesitated to relieve his subordinate commanders who were lacking in adequate vigor of command and when directed to make such reliefs by General Clark had recommended, as replacements, officers who turned out to be similarly inadequate. In this general connection, General Lucas wrote to General Clark the following letter on December 8th: "The documents you handed me yesterday (the newspaper stories referred to above) are enclosed herewith. I have shown them to Crane and he is familiar with the facts. Butler was not present at the investigation (referring to an investigation on the morale situation conducted under General Lucas' orders), as h9 was at the front with his regiment. I am inclined to exonerate him from blame, as I would not be surprised to find that similar things have occurred in the divi• sion before but have been condoned by officers who lack Butler's moral courage. "I think Crane can straighten things out when he gets the division back when he can reshuffle things a bit. It is unfortunate that he is not physically up to carrying on the permanent job. This division needs a very strong and experienced man. "I find that casualties in the three divisions I have commanded have been as follows: �Killed Wounded Total 34 345 1652 1997 45 552 1349 1901 3 514 1453 1967 It would seem, therefore, that the chance of survival in the 34th has been no worse than the others. Better, really. Am collecting some information on "anxiety cases" to compare the numbers in the divisions. This might show a comparison in morale. I don't know whether it will mean anything or not." At his conference with General Ryder, General Clark told him that while he was an excellent combat commander, he had demonstrated decided weakness in administration, and this had been evident for a long time. He had failed to relieve colonels whom he should have known to be weak and unwilling in their turn to insist on proper standards in their subordinates, and when General Clark had insisted on such removals he had put in others just as weak. As a result, General Clark said, there was a lack of morale and tone throu~hout the division which would have to be remedied at once in order to eliminate the weaknesses which came to the surface when so many cases of misconduct in the face of the enemy occurred. This, General Clark said, must at once be remedied by a ruthless removal of any inadequate officer and an insistance from the top down on measures to restore the morale and tone of the division. If this was not done, the General said, despite his excellent combat record General Ryder would have to be removed. At 1000 there arrived to call on General Clark, General Arnold, Lieutenant General Spaatz, Major General Cannon and Major General House. After a short visit, these officers left for an inspection of airfields. At 1330 General Clark received a call from Mr. Relrnan Morin, AP correspondent in Naples. Jlfir. Morin had been the author of a press dispatch dated November 29th in which he had reported certain Stars and Stripes stories concerning letters written to the editor in protest at an editorial which stated that the desire of Fif.t h Army men was to continue in action until the Germans surrendered. Mr. Morin had met Mr. McCloy, the Assistant Seeretary of War, in Naples yesterday, and Mr. McCloy had asked him what he thought about the morale of the troops. Mr. Morin had not indicated that the morale was excellent but had hesitated in his reply and finally had suggested that Jlf.r. McCloy inquire at Fifth Army. This apparently gave Mr. McCloy the idea that something might be wrong with morale, and Mr. McCloy had inquired of General Clark on this subject and had mentioned his conversation with Mr. Morin. Accordingly, General Clark sent for Mr. Morin and asked him what additional data he had, if any, on the morale of Fifth Army troops. Mr. Morin's reply was that he had been somewhat staggered by Jlfir. McCloy's inquiry and had not made an immediate favorable response as he should have. General Clark pointed out to Mr. Morin the dangers inherent in reporting on this subject, as it could fundamentally affect the frame of mind of many men who otherwise might continue in an excellent state of morale. Mr. Morin said he understood this and would be guided by this admonition and advice in the future. General Clark told Wir. Morin that he was convinced that the morale of the Fifth Army was excellent except for the few men in question within the 34th Division, and that situation was being taken care of. Mr. Morin also mentioned the fact that certain prominent legislators �had recently visited this theater and had subsequently made a number of pronouncements on the subject of binging men home after a certain period of ser• vice abroad. General Clark poi ted out that politics was one thing and war was another, and they were fund mentally different; and that if troops were encouraged to believe that it as their right to return home after a period of service overseas, they would b in danger of coming to a frame of mind where their usefulness as combat sol iers was seriously impaired. General Clark mentioned to Mr. Morin the story written by Messrs. Gamma.ck and Dixon about the 40 men in the 34th Division who declined to re-enter combat and the seven who finally persisted in this course in spite of their Colonel. Mr. Morin assured General Clark that .when he heard about this story he had urged Mr. Dixon not to file it, but Dixon's argument was that he wanted it on file for the record. He did not expect it to be published but said that the AP, in the case of General Patton's incident (when General Patton bit a soldier in a hospi• tal), was caught without any background material on file when the story finally broke, and this time he felt that the Associated Press should have a story ready to move should an occurrence similar to the Patton incident develop again. The General then discussed, off the record, the progress of the present operations and pointed out some of the interesting features of the Fifth Army's tactical problems, and Mr. Morin told General Clark that Mr. McCloy had spoken in warm terms of the work the Fifth Army was doing. General Clark then conferred with Colonel Frederick or the Special Service Force and personally handed him a letter to be read to his command, commending them on the good work that they had done in the successful attack on the Camino feature. General Clark entertained at lunch today Colonel Forsythe, Fifth Army historian, Lt. Col. of the War Department G-2 Historical Section and Major Salmon, in civil life professor of History at Amherst College, and discussed the problems of the Fifth Army History, and General Clark impressed on them that the reasons behind his tactical decisions were essential in any proper Army History. At 1500 General Clark and General Gruenther walked to the palace at Caserta, where they conferred with Captain Lewis, USN; Colonel Howard, Fifth Army G-2; Lt. Col. Williams, G-3 Section, Fifth Army Planning Group, and other officers concerning the planning for proposed amphibious operations. General Clark was particularly concerned that the landing forces plan to occupy a line which they could hold the required length of time; that the naval reconnaissance should in• dicate that the beach was appropriate in character to render the landing feasible, that the troops have adequate support by naval gunfire; and that the problems of re-supply were properly handled. General Clark entertained at dinner General Arnold, Lieutenant General Spaatz, arid Major Generals Cannon and House. A report on the Plough Force casualties showed 23 officers and 495 enlisted men. Of the enlisted men 65 were dead, 308 wounded, 8 missing and 114 sick, and of the men wounded 14 were serious, 197 light and 97 injured. The 10 Corps sitrep received tonight was as follows: ttLittle contact with enemy during d~y. G 9505 to Camino G 9408. 56 Div. 169 Bde. Slight shelling mule track Mielig Relief of 142 RCT by 2/6 Qu9ens on �ICo'/ Mt. Difensa G 9509 complete. Loons. 2/5 Queens Area Levaglie G 96o5. 2/7 Queens Area Campo G 9606. 201 Gds Bde. 2 S G took 3 PW from 2 Btry 33 Arty Regt at G 912096. 167 Bde moving tonight. Bde Hq to S Croce M 9986. 8 RF to Carinola M 9886. 9 RF to Casanova M 97~. 7 Oxfbucks to Nogelleto N 0184. 168 Bde Ntr. 46 Div. 128 Bde.Hq G941013. 2 Ramps Area Sippicciano G9402 with one coy G 905044 and standing patrol G 905058. 1/4 Ramps S Clemente G 9604. 5 Hamps Area G 937015. 138 Bde 139 Bde Ntr. 23 Armd Bde. 11 KR RC patroJ found buildings M 868976 occupied. All informed." II Corps reported the following tonight: "Front quiet this evening. 4 PVT taken, l from 3 Co, 1 from 4 Co and 2 from 8 Co all or 15 PGR all taken in vicinity S Pietro." * * CASERTA--DECEMBER ll, 1943-•General Clark left his command post by jeep at 0830 this morning with General H. H. Arnold, Commanding the Army Air Forces; Lt. Gen. Spaatz, Commanding the MAF; and Major General Cannon, Commanding the North African Tactical Air Force; Colonel McNally and Major Arnold, Genere.l Arnold's son. The party drove northwest on Route #6 through Capua to a point opposite Camino Ridge. Here they all climbed a small hill and watched the bursts of our artillery shells on the hills beyond Lungo. General Clark explained to the other Generals the operation which had resulted in the taking of the Camino-Maggiore hill mass, and he pointed out the depth of this mass which was not apparent from farther south. The party then got into three of the five jeeps making up the convoy and went ahead for about a mile. They then left the jeeps and walked several hundred yards farther toward the root of Mount Lunge. The nearer slopes of the hill were held by troops of the Italian Motorized Brigade while the Germans held the summit. As the party walked farther, two enemy shells whined over and burst to the right of the road. General Clark then led the party into an orchard to the west of the road where an American tank had been completely blown apart, apparently by a mine reinforced by several hundred pounds of TNT. The tank had been demo• lished, and bits of the bodies of the crew were scattered about. At this point the party was careful to go in single file to the tank and not stray about the orchard, as there were undoubtedly additional mines planted there. The party went forward along the road a little farther toward a demolished bridge. Here the engineers were seeking to complete a by-pass which would enable traffic, de• spite the shellfire, to press on down the road toward Lungo. / The party then returned to the vehicles and went back to the command post of the 36th Infantry Division, where they were met by the VI Corps Com11Rnder and the II Corps Cormnander. They had lunch as the guests of General Walker, Commanding the 36th Division. After lunch, General Clark, General Arnold, General Spaatz, General Cannon, Colonel McNally and Major Arnold got into six cub planes which had been ordered by General Clark to assemble for the purpose. General Clark returned to his command post, and the other officers went on other missions. In the afternoon, General Clark conferred at length with Major General Gruenther and also received a visit from Lt. Col. Nygaard and Colonel Frederick, Commandi.ng the Special Service Force. In the evening, General Clark entertained at dinner Mr. Laurence Packard, of the United Pres~, Mr. Matthews, of the New York Times, Mr. Whitehead, of Associated Press, and Lt. Col. Clark, Major French and Captain Beard,1ood of Fifth Army Public Relations Office. �CASERTA--DECEMBER 12, 1943-•This morning General Clark went by jeep to the Headquarters of the Special Service Force in an Italian barracks just north of Santa Maria. Here the General attended a memorial service for the men of the Special Service Force who had been killed in the Camino action between December Jrd and December 10th, numbering in all. The General spoke to the assembled officers and soldiers, saying that they had performed splendidly in their first attack under fire and that they would be called upon in the future for other equally difficult missions. He urged that they live up to the high standard set in their first attack. Returning to his command post, General Clark received Colonel Mickelwait and thereafter Brigadier Le Jeune of the British Army, Commanding the 66th Anti-Aircraft Brigade. He then received calls from General Larkin and General Pence, and he kept these two officers for lunch, together with Colonel Markee and Lt. Col. Nygaard. In the evening the General had a buffet supper and a showing of motion pictures at which he entertained Lt. Col. Wood, Commanding Officer of the 38th Evacuation Hospital, with five of his medical officers and six of his nurses, Brig. Gen. Brann, Lewis and Moran, Colonels Mi ckeiwait and Saltzman and other guests numbering 24 in all. · Today General Clark sent General Gruenther in one of his planes, piloted by Captain O'Neil, on a special mission to Algiers. Lt. Gen. Spaatz needed transportation to Bari, and General Clark sent him over in his other plane. General Clark today received the following letter from Lt. Gen. Mccreery, Commanding British 10 Corps: "I do want to congratulate you most heartily on your British honour of the K.B.E. We in 10 Corps will be particularly pleased and appreciative that you have received a British decoration, and one which you have so fully earned. I have already heard amongst my staff here, when they heard the news, many ex• pressions of spontaneous pleasure and approval. I know that we all feel that no Army staff could ever have been more helpful and cooperative. I am, therefore, very pleased also to hear of Al's C.B.E. All good wishes and the very best of luck." The General replied to the above today by the note quoted below: "Your note of December 10th has been received, and I want to tell you how much I appreciate your congratulations on my K.B.E., and the fine things you have said of my Fifth Army staff. "I am deeply touched by this award which has come to me, and also am very happy that Al has likewise received one. These awards mean to us that your country has been satisfied with the way we have conducted our relations with your Corps. "I want you to know how much I have appreciated your loyalty and the privilege it has been to have such splendid British troops under Fifth Army command." General Gruenther sent General Clark the following telegram from Algiers this evening: �"Arri~ed 16oO hours . Eisenhower returns late Monday morning. Smith and Rooks state that decision on SHINGLE nrust be made in about one week since craft must begin January 15th released." The Army Commander today dispatched a letter to all general officers in Fifth Army units exhorting them to greater efforts in instilling in the minds of the troops under their command an intense hatred for the Boche and an equally intense desire to put everything they have into the fight until the tyrannical Hun is forced into submission. Yesterday the Army Commander received the following cable from General Alexander: "I should be grateful if you would inform me of the date you will be in a position to release 10 Corps. Its early release is desirable for a variety of reasons which include the fact that some of its units are due to move to another theater and consequently various changes in organization between it and F.ighth Army will have to be made in the near future. 11 * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 13, 1943--Generals Truscott, Harmon and 0 1Daniel conferred with General Clark this morning concerning the possibilities of Operation SHINGLE . The General then received a call from Lt. Col. Darby of the Rangers, and the General announced to him his promotion to Colonel and pinned a pair of eagles on his shoulders . General Clark then received Colonel Yarborough of the 504th Parachute Battalion and commended him for his fine work in recent operations. The General then had a visit from Commander Butcher, General Eisenhower's aide and followed this with a conference with Maj . Gen. House of the XII Air Support Command. At luncheon the Army Commander entertained Generals Harmon, Truscott and 0 1Da.niel. In the afternoon General Clark received a visit from General Beucler and discussed with him the employment of the 2nd Moroccan Division in the coming operations. He entertained at dinner Generals Brann, Lewis and Colonel Saltzman. This afternoon General Clark received the following cable from General Gruenther who is still in Algiers: "Will return early Tuesday morning. ETA later. Had lunch with General Eisenhower today. News is with minor exceptions about as you had hoped." * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 14, 1943•-General Clark departed from his command post by cub plane, accompanied by Lt . Col. Sutherland, leaving at about 0915, and flew to the VI Corps landing field just north of Prata. Here, by previous arrangement, a jeep and motorcycle escort met the General, and he and his aide drove north to Montaquila where they conferred with General Dody, Commanding the 2nd Moroccan Division; General Poydenot, his Artillery Commander; and his Chief of Staff, Colonel DeBerchoux. General Dody explained the plan of �\ '] 0 maneuver of the 2nd Moroccan Division for the attack which was scheduled to start this evening. A maneuver force under the Divisional Infantry Commander, Colonel Cailles, was to execute a wide envelopment to the north from Scapoli, while direct pressure was to be exerted from the region of Colli down the highway which goes from Colli to Cardito. The mass of maneuver was to consist of five battalions, plus a force of Gowns, and they were to leave the region of Scapoli at dark and go by mountain trails across the Castelnuovo Ridge to a point north of Cardito and then descend on Cardito from the north. They were to be in position to make this attack at daylight. At the same time, a direct attack was to be made down the road leading from Colli to Cardito. General Clark commented that the conception of this mane~ver was striking and daring, but that the hills were high and the way was long, and there were, as reported by General Dody, two strong points occupied by Germans to reduce on the way. General Dody said that he realized the possibility of delay, but that he •ould do everything possible. General Clark then stated that he wished to go up and visit the command post of the 4th Moroccan Tirailleurs which was located at Scapoli. General Dody said that it was possible to go as far as Colli but that beyond that point the road was interdicted by enemy shellfire. General Clark stated that he would go up and take a look as far as Colli, and General Dody sent a French captain along as guide. The party crossed the river about two kilometers north of Colli and then went westward along the heights above the River Acquoso toward Soapoli. Just below the town, when_the car rounded a high shoulder, a shell whistled by and exploded beside the road. Shortly thereafter another shell exploded near the roadside. As there was direct German observation at this point, the French guide suggested that it would be well to leave the jeeps there and continue on foot. Accordingly, this was done, and the General with his party climbed up into the village of Scapoli where they found the command post of the 4th Moroccan Tirailleurs. General Clark discussed the proposed attack with Colonel Laparra, who stated that he was ready to go but that there might be some delay due to the difficult terrain. General Clark said that he was well aware of it and that he would bear the Division no grudge if the time schedule laid out could not be adhered to. The party then returned down the hill to their jeeps, following the instructions of the French military police to stick close to the sides of the buildings as there was some danger from shells. However, the cars were gained safely, and the party drove rapidly down the winding road back toward Colli. Two bursts occurred beside the road on the way down, but both cleared the General's car by some distance. On the way from Colli toward Venafro the General passed some troops of the 4th Moroccan Tabor and stopped to talk to the Major in command. The major told General Clark that the Tabor was to be attached to the 4th Moroccan Tirailleurs Regiment during the succeeding operations; that they lacked mules. As General Dody had told General Clark that mules were available, he was surprised at this news. However, the captain who had accompanied the General explained that although organic mules were still lacking, a separate muletier company was available to supply the Goumiers. General Clark drove on toward Venafro and stopped at a point just northeast of that town and conferred with the Chief of Staff of the 45th Division, Colonel Styron. The 45th had moved into a new command post at that point. Later General Eagles arrived, and General Clark discussed the proposed attack with him. Following this conference, the General proceeded on southeast to the command post of the VI Corps at Prata, where after a short conference with Colonel Galloway he re-entered his plane, with Colonel Sutherland in a second cub, and flew back to the command post, arriving at about 1600. On his return he met General Gruenther, who had come back from Algiers from an im• portant ·conference, and the General discussed at length with General Gruenther �l1l the future operations which were anticipated. * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 15, 1943--Early this morning General Clark was disappointed to learn that the French advance through the hills from the vicinity of Scapoli had only got as far as Monte Castelnuovo, due to the difficulty of operating in the dark, the rugged terrain and the heavy snow. Hence, the attack had not been able to get off at daylight against Cardito and was deferred until tomorrow. Heavy fighting is going on in the south, particularly before the village of San Pietro, to which the Germans stubbornly cling. General Clark today received a number . of visitors, including Major 9ribble, a commentator for the London News Chronicle; Bishop Betts of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, together with Colonel Roy H. Parker, Chief Chaplain, ET0USA; Major Deveaux, a chaplain detailed from the 93rd Division to accompany Bishop Betts on his tour, and the Fifth Army Chaplain, Lt. Col. Ryan. The General also received a call from General Caffey, Assistant Division Commander, 34th Division, and Major General DeMontsabert, Commanding the 3rd Algerian Division, who came with General Beucler. General DeMontsabert has just arrived in Italy, the first officer of his Division which is to make up the second division in the French Corps. The General entertained Generals Caffey and Brann for lunch. In the afternoon, General Clark went by cub plane to the 36th Division command post where he conferred with the Division Commander concerning the progress of the attack on that front, particularly the San Pietro situation. The General entertained Colonel Sullivan for dinner this evening. General Gruenther sent General Clark a note today which read as follows: "VI Corps reports that the French attack will not be able to get off until about noon tomorrow. "8th R.T.M. will not do a wide envelopment. "Additional time is required for regrouping." AFHQ cable #13880 arrived today and stated, in substance, that a previous practice of maintaining a 15% over strength in combat units in order to take up casualties must be eliminated. General Clark told Colonel Suthrlandthat this was in accordance with the War Department policy tending to reduce the size of infantry divisions. However, General Clark stated that the maintenance of replacement units was permitted, and these could be maintained so close to combat units that the replacements would be, in effect, as available as though the over strength was actually carried on the unit rosters. * * * CASERTA••DECEMBER 16, 1943•-General Clark left his command post at about 0915, accompanied by Lt. Col. Sutherland. He drove north along Route #6 to a point just south of the village of Mignano where a newly-made military track diverged to the right. The command post of the 1/~lst Infantry was reported to be on the westerly shoulder of Hill #689, and General Clark wanted to talk with the Acting �l( I( '-' l ), �P72 Regimental Commander, Lt. Col. Wyatt, to determine the facts of the attack on San Pietro during the previous night, which had been repulsed. The General's jeeps maae their way up the muddy track with considerable difficulty and finally stopped under the shoulder of Mount Rotonda at the beginning of the pass between that and Hill #689. Here the General met 1st Lt. Mazzeo, Commander of the Mortar Platoon of M Company, 141st Infantry. He directed Lt. Mazzeo to send for Colonel Wyatt who was commanding the regiment due to Colonel Wer• ) ner•s being wounded by anti-aircraft fire, and the General then went forward towards San Pietro on foot with Lt. Col. Sutherland and Lt. Mazzeo. As the General went up the draw between Rotonda and the mountain on the right, he be• gan to see small groups of men from the 2nd Battalion of the 141st and from L Company which had been attached to it in the attacks on San Pietro during the previous night. Many of the men were in foxholes with their arms ready. Twice the General stopped while wounded men were being taken to the rear, and he talked with 1st Sgt. Childers of L Company who had been knocked blind and deaf by a mortar shell but who had recovered his sight and hearing after about half an hour and was on his way back to his company. The General next talked to Lt. Lewis, Commander of L Company, and Lt. White, Commanding G Company. These officers had the survivors of their two companies in position at the edge of the flat ground extending between the saddle and San Pietro. They were collecting stragglers and trying to organize the position. They reported that the commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Major Landry, and about 50 men were pinned to the ground several hundred yards ahead and were unable to get back to their position in daylight due to the heavy enemy fire. At this time the enemy was firing with machine pistols and mortars, and snipers were said to be in position to the right front. When the General approached Lieutenant White, he said, "Good morning Lieutenant. What troops are in front of' you?" Lieutenant White answered, "Sir, Germans!" Lt. Mazzeo pointed out, on the east and west road at the southern edge of San Pietro, three of the American tanks lost in the attack I of the evening before. The Lieutenant to whom he talked told him that the in• fantry attack had been launched at dusk and that the men had advanced up a small draw which runs north and then northeast acr-0ss the flats. They had, however, been received with heavy fire from San Pietro, had huddled together in the draw and waited until dayli~ht when the battalion commander had attempted to organize another attack on San Pietro. The enemy position, however, was so well prepared , that the men were very badly out up with small arms and mortar fire, and 50 \ were still out waiting for an opportunity to come back, including the battalion commander. One of the soldiers in a foxhole was Pvt. Gebhart of G Company of the 141st. He had on overshoes, and the General asked him how he liked them. Gebhart replied that they were a little heavy, but his shoes had worn out and he had been unable to get replacements as his shoes were 7D, and the Supply Sergeant didn't have any of that size in stock. General Clark said to Gebhart that if ~ there was a pair of 7D 1 s in Italy he would receive them at once, and on his return to the command post, General Clark procured a pair of shoes and the following morning sent them up to be delivered personally to Gebhart by his aide, Captain Thrasher. I f I \ Returning from these front-line positions, General Clark, with Lt. Col. Sutherland, walked back through the saddle where they met Lt. Col. Wyatt. Lt. Col. Wyatt explained the situation of the 141st Infantry, and General Clark told Colonel Wyatt, as he had told the soldiers with whom he had talked, that as we held Lungo Hill now, it was probable that the Germans would not be able to hang on in San Pietro much longer. The General then went on back to the aid station of the 141st and talked with the Regimental Surgeon, Captain Farley. Captain �113 Captain Farley said that up until that time he had cleared 100 casualties resulting from the attack launched the evening before on San Pietro. The General then had a quick lunch of K rations and drove on out to Route #6 and north several kilometers on that route to look at Lungo from its side. He then returned to the junction of the Presenzano road where he met Major General Walker, Brig. Gen. Wilbur and Lt. Col. Felgar, Commanding the 753rd Tank Battalion, whose A Company had made the attack on San Pietro the evening before with a total loss of 12 out of 16 tanks. The General encouraged Colonel Felgar by telling him not to worry about losing some tanks. The great point was that he had made the effort to take the village, and he reported that at least one German command post had be~n put to rout by a tahk before the tank itself was destroyed. The General stated that plenty of tank replacements were available and that he hoped that the Colonel would continue his aggressive efforts. The General then returned to his command post where he conferred at length with General Gruenther, ~is Chief of Staff, about future operations. In the evening there arrived General Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Sir Harold Alexander, Commanding 15th Army Group, Lt. Col. Boyle, who was accompanying General Brooke, and Captain Clark, General Alexander's aide. General Clark entertained these five officers for dinner and discussed with them the progress of operations in Italy. Today Operations Instruction #12 was issued to cover Phase III of Operations Instruction #11, with certain changes. The 10 Corps mission was ' stated in OI #12 as protection of the left flank of II Corps by occupying an objective consisting of an area about four kilometers in diameter surrounding Monte Cedro which lies about six kilometers northwest of Mignano and immediately south of the railway. When the II Corps shall have sufficiently advanced so as to permit bridging materials to be brought up, the 10 Corps is to force a crossing of the Liri and occupy a bridgehead in the vicinity of San Ambrogio. II Corps to capture Mount Porchia and Mount Trocchio, each of which are hill masses to the south of Route #6 which lie between Mount Lungo and Cassino. II Corps is to secure a bridgehead over the river Rapido and then employ the maximum amount of armor passed through the bridgehead and drive northwest through the Liri Valley to the Melfa River. For this purpose, the 1st Armored Division is attached to II Corps but will not be employed until authorized by Army order. VI Corps will continue the attack to begin on 15 December and seize the high ground northwest of Cassino. The exact time for this entire operation would be issued in a sepa• rate instruction from Army. In this connection, General Clark told Colonel Sutherland that he proposed very shortly to put the 3rd Division, which is now resting, back to occupy Lungo and to be prepared to advance to the west under II Corps. The situation reports at the close of the day showed that although the attack by the 141st Infantry on San Pietro had not succeeded, the 142nd and the Italian Motorized Brigade had taken Lungo, and the 143rd Infantry was approaching the occupation of Sammucro. In view of this, General Clark felt that San Pietro would shortly be untenable by the Germans. General Clark entertained for dinner Gen~rals Brooke and Alexander, Colonel Boyle and Captain Clark. * * * CASERTA-•DECEMBER 17, 1943•-In the morning General Clark received a call from Major General Keyes, Commanding the II Corps, and General Brann, his G-3. He �. discussed with these officers the future operations to be conducted pursuant to Operations Instruction #12, and he also pointed out to General Keyes his specific wishes on several points. He stated that the Plow Force under Colonel \ Frederick should hereafter be employed as a whole when it was turned over to I II Corps. It should not be split up and part of its components be kept in Corps or Divisional reserves. General Clark also told General Keyes that he would have to make a special effort to maintain easy relations with General Mccreery, Commanding 10 Corps. Any small differences which might arise were to' be ironed out between the Commanders concerned and adjusted in a spirit of \ mutual tolerance and not be brought to the Army Commander for settlement. General Clark also pointed out to General Keyes the condition of the 2nd Battalion of the 141st Infantry, which General Clark had visited yesterday - dis- · organized, with the battalion commander pinned down in front with 50 men and unable to exercise control over his battalion while a couple of lieutenants were seek• ing to rally stragglers and organize the ground to resist counterattacks. General Clark pointed out that the condition in the area occupied by the 141st in front of San Pietro should be improved at once and that active patrolling should be instituted in the area. In the afternoon, General Clark received a call from General Juin and Brigadier General Beucler. General Juin said that he wished to pass to General Clark the renewed request by General Giraud that General Clark withdraw his expressed opposition to the dispatch of General Brosset•s Division to Italy. General Juin explained that as the Division was partly Free French, the Free French were anxious to get it in action. General Clark stated that he had no objection at all to the Brosset Division on any grounds except that it was equipped partly with American and partly with British materiel, but his supply situation was already very complex, due to' the several nationalities with varying arms on his front, and he could not very well accept a Division of mixed equipment. General Clark further said that the 4th Moroccan Division, especially trained in mountain warfare, was obviously the next Division needed. General Juin said thAt he personally agreed with these observations and would faithfully convey them to General Giraud. He further stated that in his estimation the first thing to do was to send the 4th Moroccan Division and then to re-equip the Brosset Division, if necessary using arms from some other French Division, and then finally to send it as the next Division after the 4th. General Juin departed, and Captain Andre Maurois, with General Beucler, con• ferred with General Clark for some time. Captain Maurois, the well known French author, is visiting the American Army for a few dAys but is then shortly leaving for the United States. At the close of the afternoon the tactical situation at San Pietro had \ cleared up. It was reported to General Clark that a battalion of the 143rd In- ) fantry had progressed around to the northwest side of Samrnucro and that the Germans in San Pietro had withdrawn, they then being .caught in the jaws of Sammucro / and Lungo. Thus, San Pietro had fallen. . / General Clark entertained General Alexander, General Brooke, Lieutenant Colonel Boyle and Captain Clark, General Alexander's aide, for a drink before dinner. General Alexander concurred in the release of a dispatch of congratula• tions sent to General Dapino by General Clerk, and, accordingly, General Clark sent the following message: "I desire to congratulate the officers and men of your command on the success achieved in their attack on critical terrain features yesterday. This action demonstrates a determination on the part of Italian sol- �diers to free their count ry from German dom ination, which may well serve as an example to the oppressed peoples of Europe." The following confirmation of General Alexander's consent was received in t he m orning: "Release of congratulatory message referred to i n your 5728 approved." General Clark also discussed with General Alexander the question of release to the press of the fact that the French were now f i ghting in the line with the Fifth Army. General A lexander stated that as t he French were so close to the Eighth Army line it would be best to state th~t they w ere fighting against the Germans under the 15th Army Group. General Clark subsequently told his aide that he considered this a m stake in policy, as the 2nd M i oroccan Division had been under the Fifth Army for many months. The following day the press announced that the 2nd Moroccan had entered the li~e under the Fifth Army, although this was not done by General Clark's direction. General Eisenhower, however, approved this release. ' ·· OJ-M-: * t9-c..c.. 30 .., i( - - - - - - - - - CASERTA--DECEMBER 18, 1943---General Clark this morning left by cub plane for Pomigliano airfield where he met General Eisenhower, General Smith, Commander Butcher and Lt. Col. Lee, General Eisenhower'E aide, who arrived by plane from Algiers. General Clark drove with General Eisenhower to the villa which Gener l ·Ridgway had occupied in Naples and spent several hours conferring ~ith Genera Eisenhower about future operations. As a result of a conversation held the evening before with General Alexander, Genersl Clark sent the following cable today to General Alexander: "I reluctantly recoliiJllend cancellation of Operation SHII-lxLE in early January. The limiting date of January 15 which has been set for return of craft makes it impracticable to launch this operation due to the fact that the remainder of the Fifth Army will not be in proper position to support it. By adhering to date of January 15 for release of craft, Operation SHINGLE would if executed be based on an arbitrary date rather than on t he tactical situation. It is absolutely essential that I employ the 3rd Division, my only fresh infantry div1sion, immediately together with 36th Division in order to attempt a break through in the Mignano area. I can not afford to release it now for amphibious training and planning as would be required if SHINGLE is launched by January 10. I will continue planning SHINGLE Operation in the hope that craft can be made available at a later date when it will be possible to execute this operation properly, · coordinated and supported by the remainder of the Fifth Army. I urgently request that every effort be made to secure necessary craft to mount this operation at a later date." Message #7280 , to cr,rc , AFHQ dated December 8th , referred to above , is as follows: "Agree that 15 d1>ys ' preparation re1uired in edvance of SHIHGLE landing. In order to coordinate my attack with that of Eighth Army, 15th Army Group directed that my prihcipal attack be n:ade Pbout December 12th. It is not now possible to give estimate of date when final decision as to SHINGLE can be taken for that Operation is intimately tied in with the operations of the rest of the Fifth Army. The main body of Fifth Army must be in position to support SHINGLE , otherwise , the latter may be defeated before land Rssistance can reach it . I hope to be in the Arce-1''rosinone area before launching SHINGLE where .!'ln all out attack by main body Fift h Army will be rm.de in conjunction with the nmphibious envelopment. I am most eager to mount this operation at the earliest possible date . Rate of advance of Fifth Army dependent on factors , many of m ich this Army in no way contr ols including progress of Eighth Arm.y, weather nnd its effect on the Ca.ssino-Pontecorvo Vall ey 11nd ability of enemy to reinforce his front . I hope to be in a better position~ sti!~lte the date of SHINGLE in about a week . In the mee.ntime , planning will oo~ta;i t ~ll steam ahead . 11 �General Clark stated to his aide that he considered this to be a most important message, as the deferring of Operation SHINGLE and the employment of all available means for a break-through toward Rome up Route #6 was a tactical decision of the first order • . General Clark returned from his conference, accompanied by General Eisenhower and had a further discussion with General Bedell Smith and General Gruenther in General Clark's van. General Eisenhower then left for dinner, and General Clark sent for Colonel Howard, his G-2, and Lt. Col. Sutherland, his senior aide, to come to his van. He said that the matters previously discussed by General Gruenther with General Eisenhower in Algiers had now definitely been decided on. The radio today had announced in a broadcast that General Eisenhower was to command the European Theater of Operations and that General Alexander was to replace General Eisenhower as Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean. General Clark told his two officers that he had been selected to command an Army invading France from the south. Planning for this was to start at once, but General Clark would continue in his present operations until about February 1st, making every effort to take Rome in that period. On his landing in France, General Clark was to again come under the command of General Eisenhower in the European Theater. The General poured a drink for Colonel Howard, Lt. Col. Sutherland and himself and, with his two staff officers, drank a toast to the success of the invasion of France. General Clark entertained at dinner Colonel Tate, Colonel Saltzman and Major Walker, his cub pilot. Today Gen€ral Clark signed the Distinguished Service Medal tionally meritorious service as Brigade during both the Italian an indorsement recommending the award of to Maj. Gen. John A. Crane for his excep-Commanding General of the 13th Field Artillery and Sicilian campaigns. General Clark today received a note of gratitude for his message of congratulations to General Dapino, Commander of the 1st Italian Motorized Group, upon their fine work in recent action on the Lungo feature. * CASERTA-•DECE~BER 19, 1943--General Clark left his command post at 0830 with General Eisenhower, General Eedell Smith and Lt. Col. Sutherland. The party drove to Headquarters II Corps where General Keyes was awaiting them and explained the situation jn the II Corps sector. Major Generals Truscott and Harmon were also at this point. The party left Headquarters II Corps at 1000 and drove north to the intersection of the Presenzano road where General Walker, Commanding the 36th Division, was waiting. General f.alker took the party fon,ard on Route #6 several kilometers where a stop was made at the nearest point to the Headquarters of Genere.1 Dapino, Commanding the Italian Motorized Brigade. General Dapino met the party at that point, and Generals Eisenhower and Clark congretulated him on the showing of his troops in the J second attack on lunge, and General Dapino stated that the only desire of the Italian Motorized Brigade was to carry out the mifsions entrusted to it. The party then proceeded still farther out Route #6. A little past Mignano General Clark directed that all but two jeeps be left behind, and with these he and the visiting Generals went forward around the loop on Route #6 at Rotondo. Here a good view of the San Pietro positions and of the road lead- 1 �ing through the valley towards Cassino was obtained. The party returned to 36th Division Headquarters for lunch and then drove along the road past Presenzano and through Venafro out to tte Headquarters of the 45th Division which was a few kilometers northeast of Venafro. Here General Lucas, General Eagles, General Crane, General Dody and other officers were presented to General Eisenhower. After tha.t, the party went on to the 17th Field Artillery cub field between 45th Division CP and Montaquila, from which they took off at about 1415 and returned to Caserta by cub. In the evening General Clark entertained at dinner General Eisenhower, Gener~l Smith, Commander Butcher, Lt. Col. Lee, Colonel Elliott Roosevelt, Captain Briggs, WAC, and Mrs. Surnmersby. CASERTA--DECEMBER 20, 1943--General Clark devoted the morning to a series of conferences and the disposition of many admini.strative matters. He received a call from Lt. Col. Whitaker of PWB who had been ill and had been ordered back to the United States; Colonel Markoe and Lt. Col. Nygaard of AMGOT; Colonel Mickelwait, Fifth Army Judge Advocate; Brigadier Lush .who has replaced Major General Lord Rennell as Civil Affairs Officer, 15th Army Group; and Lt. Uol. Gerry who will take Colonel Hume's place if Colonel Hu.me temporarily moves away. At 10.30 the General left by cub pls.ne for Sorrento for a brief visit to the Fifth Army Officers' Rest Center. In the afternoon General Gruenther, on General Clark's behalf, entertained the visiting Brazilian delegation at a reception in the General's hut. The following guests were present: Maj. Gen. De Morais, Brig. G~n. Dos Sartos, Lt. Col. De Queiroz, Maj. Senna Campos, Capt. Para, Lt. Col. Marques Porto, Lt. Col. Sebastiao, Maj. Moraes, Maj. Luix Gomes, Senor Barette, Naj. Gen. Ord, Capt. Walters, Col. Higgins, Maj. Potts, Brig. Gen. Lewis, Brig. Gen. Brann, Colonel Williams, Colonel Howard, Colonel Saltzman, Colonel Tate, Colonel Bertholf. General Clark hed with him at Sorrento five of his classmates from West Point with whom he had dinner. They were Colonel Sullivan, F'ifth Army Quarter~aster; Maj. Gen. Harmon, Commanding General, 1st Armored Division; Colonel Tully, Assistant to General Grey, Director of Allied Military Reilway Service; Colonel Markee and Lt. Col. Nygaard, both of AMGOT. The Army Commander today di ~patched the following cable to General Alexander: 11 Based on present situation on this front and on plans for future operations I recommend that 10 Corps remain with Fifth Army. I further recommend that this Corps be strengthened by one additional infantry division preferably 1st Infantry Division British." The following reply to the above wus received from General Alexander: "Regret it is quite in:possible for you to have 1st Division which has already concentrated and is committed to a role under Eighth Army. "As regards 10 Co1·ps it must be realized that their two divisions have been fighting continuously since the Salerno landing and must be withdrawn at an early date for rest, reorganization and training. Another serious aspect as regards 10 Corps is their weakness in replacements which is causing me serious concern." �The Army Commander dispatched the following Christmas message to his troops: "To an army in combat overseas, it is inevitable that Christmas is a very different occasion from the accustomed festival at home. We are deprived of the special happiness and inspiration l>hfoh are found each year in the reunions of beloved families and friends during the holiday season. The loss of this phase of the great annual institution is part of the price paid for war. "Nevertheless, du.ring Chri.stma.s in the field we may derive encouragement and spiritual comfort in realizing that the principles, virtues and values which Christmas symbolizes still stand unshaken s.nd that the preservation of freedom to cultivate them is the eseence of our war aim. "This Christmas of 1943 is in many ways the brightest one for us all since the beginning of the war. It marks the end of' a year in which con• sistent progress has been made on land, on sea and in the air in the process of closing in on our determined but gradually weakening foe. W are e determined that this process shall continue with such acceleration and crushing force that once victory is achieved there will be no more Christmases spent in overseas combat. "It is my sincere hope that despite the circumstances of war each member of the Fifth Army will be able to feel the presence of Christm~s and, inspired by the righteousness of our cause and the unity of this Allied team, will know that with God's help we shall make 1944 a decisively vie• torious year." * * CASERTA--DECEW3IB 21, 1943... ..Qeneral Clark spent the day at leisure in Sorrento. He found out today that people from the Fifth Army Officers' Rest Center ~ere finding some opposition from the Air Corps Officers in Capri to making visits to that island. The hir Corps appeared to take the at• titude that they were primarily in charge of the entire place and that it was largely reserved for Air Corps people. General Clark telephoned to General Gruenther about this situation, and General Gruenther arranged for a group of peopl& from the Rest Center to make a trip to the island the following day. General Clark, however, determined to correct the situation on a long term basis. AFHQ cabled 15th Army Group yesterday stating that apparently Oper~tion SHINGLE was cancelled and inquiring as to 11Jhether or not a modified amphibious operation on basis of craft avail&ble ~fter 15 January was under con• sideration. RN 6790. The reply of General Alexander, RN 318, is quoted below: "There is now no possibility of mounting Operation .SHINGLE by 15 January. It is confirmed theta modified amphibious operation after that date is still under consideration. Detailed aspect is being studied here, end proposal will be sent to you as soon as possible." �l 79 CASERTA--DECEMBIB 22, 1943--General Clark spent the day at his van in administrative work and holding conferences. At 0900 he met Admiral Lowry and Captain lewis of the Navy and discussed amphibious operations. At 0930 he received Brig. Gen. C. W. Wickersham Jr., Head of the School of Milita1'y Government at Charlottaville, Virginia. He then received General Hughes, Deputy Theater Commander. In the evening he received for dinner Maj. Gen. Mascarenhas and Brig. Gen. A.nor of the Brazilian Army, Major Gen. Ord of the United States Army, accompanying the Brazilian Mission, Colonel Higgins, Chief of the Liaison Section, AFHQ, and Captain Walters, an American officer accompanying the Brazilian officerso After dinner he received a call from Maj. Gen. Bedell Smith who conferred for some time with the Army Commander concerning future arrange~ents. In conversation with his Chief of Staff and Lt. Col. Sutherland, General Clark today remarked that he felt that the recent operations by II Corps had not been conducted with adequate energy or with the requisite completeness of planning to br:i ng about successful results. General Clark said that he had been thinking about the initiation of Phase #3, as described in Operations I nstruction #12 -and had decided to defer it until the 29th of December when the 34th Divtsion should have finished its rest period and could re-enter the line. He emphasized the fact that there was no use attempting operations until complete preparations had been made, and he considered that until the 34th was rested and ready it would not be appropriate to launch the 3rd Phase. The following message was recei.ved from Gent•ral Montgomery today: wi'\ould . like to fly over tomorrow 23 December to discuss situation and learn your plans. Will arrive Naples airfield 1000 hours in my 0-47. Could you meet me there or send your Chief of Staff. We could talk in my plane and then I will return here . Will signal you early if weather prevents flying. What is weather forecast your side?" General Clark replied to the above as follows: "I am tied up with General Eisenhower tomorrow on a visit to forward units. Hence cannot meet you. 'I.leather on this side unfavorable for tomorrow. Am anxious to talk with you. Please make it Friday, same time and place." General Montgomery's reply to the above is quoted below: "Note that you. are busy tomorrow. Will come over Friday 24 December arriving 1000 hours." -l( * CASERTA--DECEMEER 23, 1943--This m orning at 0810 General Clark received the remainder of the Brazilian Mission who had not bt en received last even:lng. General Clark gave to the Mission a set of photographs of the dinner party last evening and a Beretta pistol to be given to each of the Generals on his behalf, and he w presented in return with a Brazilian flag. Ee told them as that it was a chief desire of his to see the Generals return at the head of a Brazilian force. ��At 0830 General Clark left by automobile to go to 10 Corps, accompanied by General Eisenhower. They were guided by Captain Lampson. On their arrival at 10 Corps they Vrere greeted by General McCreary. They then went to the CP of the 56th Division near which they were able to have a good view of the Garigliano Valley. The party returned to the General's Command Post at 1245, where General Clark entertained General Eisenhower for lunch. On this journey General Clark and General Eisenho,,er had discussed General Clark's recent experiences at Sorrento where he had found it very difficult to get Air Corps cooperation in receiving Fifth Army personnel on Capri. The Air Corps seemed to have adopted the i dea that they were given the entire island for their domain. General Clark mentioned this to General Eisenhower who said that he disagreed entirely with this attitude, and General Eisenhower then dispatched a message to General Spaatz directing that this condition be rectified at once. General Clark entertained the following guests for dinner: Generals Eisenhower, 3mith, Commander Butcher, Lt. Col. Lee, Mrs. Summersby, Captain Briggs, WAC, Colonel Howard, Lt. Col. Smith. The following cable was received from General Spaatz with regard to the Air Corps situation at the Isle of Capri: "Apparently I have been misinformed as to arrangements made :i.n full conference with all concerned. I have issued instructions that Officer in charge will report to G-1 of Fifth Army immediately and straighten out this matter." * * CtSERTA-~DECEMBER 24, 1943--At 0830 General Clark received the Operations Division officers observers vho were arriving for a two months' tour of duty in the Fifth Army. General Clark spoke a few words to these officers, welcoming them to the Fifth Army, saying that they could be of great use to the units and staff sections to which they might be attached. During the morning General Lucas, General Truscott and Colonel Keiser arrived for a conference and remained for lunch. After lunch General Keyes arrived, and General Clark discussed with him, General Brann and Colonel Tate, the future operations of the II Corps. General Clark caused to be distributed to each enlisted person in his section a carton of cigarettes with a letter expressing his appreciation for the good work each had done. General Clark and General Gruenther, accompanied by Captain Lampson then went to the Municipal Theater in Ceserta, where they attended a concert and reception given by the Royal Artillery Eand, to which they had l•een invited by General Mccreery, Commanding 10 Corps. Returning to the command post, General Clark then entertained with eggnogg in his hut the chief of all his staff sections and in addition, General House and General Rutledge. The hut had been decorated with a Christmas tree, and all General Cl~rk 1 s Christmas cards had been pinned up by Pvt. Horne, WlC. When this party broke up, General Clark kept Colonel Saltzman, Lt. Col. Porter and Lieutenant Bajenow for dinner. General Clark, General Gruenther, Colonel Saltzman and Lt. Col. Sutherland then went down to the palace at Caserta, where they stopped at the NCO Club and the Red Cross for a short time. Both places ~ere crowded with men and women of the various branches of the armed service who were having a celebration of the holiday although so far from their homes. �At midnight General Clark, Gener~l Gruenther, Lt. Col. Sutherland, Lt. Colonel forter, Mr. McElligott and other staff officers attended midnight mass at the Royal Chapel in the Palace. The chapel was crowded to the le.st square inch with officers, soldiers, nurses and other members of the forces, and a choir, which had been practising for some days, sang Christmas carols while Lt. Col. Ryan, the Army Chaplain, conducted mass. At the close of the service, General Clark spoke briefly, expressing the thoughts of everya one concerning homes and families so far away and the soldier's duty to complete M.s task before returning to them. The General then said that it was his privilege to recognize the fine work the Army Chaplain had been doing by surprising him with the announcement that he had just been promoted to Colonel. General Clark pinned a new set of eagles on Chaplain Ryan's shoulders, to the pleasure of everyone present. The General's party then returned to the command post, where they were surprised a few minutes later by the choir which came and sang a few more carols before finally separating for the night. General Clark today wrote a letter to the Commander-in-Chief regarding the possibility of using airborne troops in future operations and urging the retention of the 504th Parachute Regiment from the 82nd Airborne Division in the Fifth Army. The Army Commander also today wrote a Jetter to Gen. Rooks, AFHQ G-3, with regard to training for future operations, stressing the point that he felt that the first 48 hours after a landing is so critical a period and the actual debarkat:1.on and amphi.bious plans a.re so closely correlated, that they must be worked out both by ground and navy co!J'manders. It couild not possibly be delegated entirely to Naval control. The Army commander actually has the paramount interest. However, the General indicated the.t he .would be willing in the next operation to hav'3 the Navy handle the amphibious training center while the Army runs the invasion or assault training center. * * * CASERTA--DECEMBER 25, 1943--CHRISTMAS DAY--General Clark arose a~ UoL,, had breakfast and left his command post a few minutes after 0700, proceeding t~ the parade ground adjoining the Palace at Caserta. Here a ceremony was held, at wh:i.ch ·14 officers and enlisted men were decorated ahd promoted. The General spoke briefly, stating that it was his privilege to award these decorations and p1~motions to men who had won them in the hard test of war. Following this ceremony the General went to the airfield, got into his cub, accompanied by Lt. Col. Sutherls.nd and Captain Jonas, AGC, and then flew to the 17th FA field just northeast of Venafro where the VI Corps Commander and a number of other general and other officers were assembled. At this point General Clark decorated and promoted 87 more officers and men and made a few appropriate remarks to the assembly. Following this ceremony, General Clark departed for a short visit to General Dody's Head.quarters where he extended the season's greetings to the French troops under his command. The General then toured the area of the VI Corps, visiting the CP's of the 157th, 179th and 180th regiments. At the CP of the 180th he surprised Lt. Col. Dulaney by announcing to him his promotion to Colonel and handing �him his eagles. He had lunch with the 1st Battalion of the 157th Infantry. Here, the Army Commander gave out to the men several gifts and some cigarettes which had been sent to him from people in the United States for distribution to soldiers s.t the front. General Clark then spent until 1415 touring the II Corps units in the afternoon. He then got in his Cub and flew to the II Corps field where he decorated and promoted 67 more officers and men. Following the II Corps ceremony, the General departed by jeep for the 8th Evacuation Hospital where he was met by Colonel McKean, Commanding the Hospital, and where he visited and talked to many wounded officers and men. There were in the hospital many American and Canadian soldiers from the Special Service Force, who had just been wounded in the high hills northeast of San Pietro. The Army Comniander, accompanied by Lt. Col. Sutherland and Lt. Col. Clark, who had joined the party at II Corps, then journeyed to Headquarters 10 Corps where they were entertained at tea by General Mccreery and his staff officers. After a pleasant visit at General McCreery's Headquarters, the party returned to Caserta, arriving shortly before 1800. General Clark had spent the entire day in visiting different units, and it llas interesting to see in what good heart everybody was ancl how the General's greetings were returned with genuine smiles. The General entertained at dinner the following guests: General Brann, Colonel Tate, Colonel Saltzman, Lt. Col. Porter and a few other guests numbering fifteen in all. Today General Clark received the following note from General Dapino: "General Dapino wishes to extend the best Christmas wishes from himself, officers and men of lst Italian Motorized Group to you, your officers and men while we are working together for victory. 11 General Clerk also received today a note from General Dapino transmitting to General Clark the season's greetings from the Prince of Piedmont. From Alexander to Clark. RN 1135. "High level conference just finished ' at which following decisions were made firm: A strengthened SHINGLE is to I take place during last week of January. 88 LSTS llill be made available which 1 will allow us to mount an amphibious operation of two divisions plus. If you 1 decide to put out two U.S. Divisions I will replace them by transferring two divisions from Eighth Army to your 10 Corps. I return to my Headquarters tomorrow, Sunday, and will core to you on Monday. ETA later. Start straightaway on your planning." General Clerk today cabled General Montgomery the following cancer:~ appointment to command the Fri ti sh Army Group in OVEFl,ORD: his "Congratulations to you on your well merited new appointment. wishes for a continuation in 1944 of your past succE;sses. \ . . cnj ell.#') o9-i~"~ ., - If.~ J.J '"" -\i ""~ G ... .. Best -- I C �r �l83 General Clark dispatched a letter todl".y to Gener"l Alexnnder in which he indicated his jntention to relieve the 1st Italian Potorized Group from II Corps and place it in Army reserve, not to be re-emrloycd until it is completely rehabilitP..ted and then only on very secondl"lry or tertiriry roles . * * * CASERTA --DECF.fi'BER ?6, 1943--GenerPl Clark srent the day in administrative m~tters. At 0900 Colonel Howard called on GenerPl ClFrk. At 0930 Generals Gruenth~r and Rrann had a conference wj th Gener::il Clark in his v, n to c is cuss pendjng o-rerations. At 1130 Colonel Mickelwl"it hA.d rn arrointment to c.frcuss sever1:1l cr>ses . Generfll Roosevelt ~torred in to pe.y his respects to the Army Comri1rinder around noon. At 1700 Colonel 'Robinson brought Brigadier Gcnorn.l To,mscnd, Cor.r.i.l"'nd,ng Generrl of the 34th ~AA Brigade, locr,ted in Sicily, to see General Clark. At 1715 Colonel Niblo brought Brigricier GenerAl Gordon M . Wells, Head of manufacturing c'esign for the Ordnnnce Department, Washington, D. C., and Colonel Crawford, OrdnFnce Cfficer, AFHQ, to see GenerRl Clark. At nbout 1800, the Army Cor11mPnder went to the conference hut, tl:'king ,; ith him some business rPpers, for study. Gener"l Gruenth~r joined him, Ppd they had dinner together r>nd roturnecl to the hut for furth'9r discussion. Today Gene::-cr>l Cl['rk disp.'."'tched a l~tter to Gener"l Eisenhower recor.inendj_ng the rromotion of Colonels J,•artin, Keiser, Hume, Bowman, Sullivan and Hovrord to the grPde of Brigadier General as P reword :or th9ir outstnnding servjces performed in a superior manner . The Army Comm::;nder Plso oj spntched c1nother note to GenerPl Eisenho"·er in which he reco~nended that the Fi~th Arri1y be u.~ed for OperAtion A~lVIL and thRt the Headquarters Sevnnth ~rmy come to Italy soon to rrepare to take over orerations there from Hearlquarters Fifth Army. The Car.unending G,,.,ner.81 also wrote tod~\Y'" to rraj. Gen. Gregory, Quarterm"' ster General, cornnenting to him on the fine worJ:- P ccomrli1cheo by the ')urirtermDster S0rvice in operations in Itf1ly and citing the fine work of Colonel Sullivan, Fiftr Army Quartermaster . * * * CASERTA--DECEUBER 27, 1943--At 0900 Gcnerr ls Grnenthcr am• Br11nn cr>me to Gener" 1 Clark's van to discuss future operritions in view of the iJ"'!pending arrival of General Alexander. At 1030 General r~ccreery called on Gen~ral Clf'rk to discuss the 10 Corps situntion. The Army G-4 came for luncheon and discussed v·i th Genorc1l Clark and General Gruenthcr the logistical problems involved in future operations. Gener:il Alexenr'er arrived at the CPTC's C<'1.mp shortly after noon, "nd at 111-30 he came to the recreation hut where he conferred with GenerPl Cl~rk, General Richt1rdson, Genernl Robertson and Gencr~l Gruenther. At this conference he gnve further details of the news conta.ined in his messrge of ChristwFs Day (Quoted in the diary under date of December 25, 1943) . He stated tbPt a Britfah Divisfon was to take rart in Operation SHPJGLE because of the fact tht1t i.t vm s a somewhat hazardous venture and heavy casualties mii::;ht be exy,ected. For this reason it was rlesired thPt the casualties be shared by British Pnd A"'lericPn Divisions lest undesirable reactions occur at home . 10 Corps v,ould not be withdrawn from Fifth Army as had been previously discussec rt o-ri.e t j me, but, on the contrary, the ��British 5th Division would be added to it. Oneration SFPfGLE 'rould be conducted, under tPe connand of the VI Corps Comm8nder and stnff, by the 3rd U.S. Division and the 1st British Division and the necessary corps troops. General Clark stPted thPt he vras enthusiastic for the project and would see that planning vms thoroughly and energetically carried out. At this conference nothinP' wa.s sRid by General Alexander or rrnyone else to suggest thrit the crPft mentioned in Cable RN 1135 of Christmas Day (Quoted in the diGry for December 25th) would only be PVPilable \Or a short time or tPPt no re-suprly, reinforcel"lent or other builn up would be Pvrilable. General .Ale:mnrer then left tho conference vii th Generals Richnrdson and Robertson. Gen~ral Clark called a staff meeting at hi~ hut rit 1630. This meeting ,nas attended by Colonel Bertholf, Colonel Hovrard, Generr-il Brrnn, Colonel Tate, GenerRl Le'lis, Genernl r~oran, Colonel 3ullivrm, Colonel 17illiams, Colonel Paxson, Captain LeTiis, Colonel Darcey, BrigPdier Richcirdson, Lt. Col. Br~tton, Colonel Jones. At tris gathering a number of 8dr1inistrRtive rrobJems affecting the various staff sections of the Fi~th Army ~ere discussed. GenerPl ClPrk and General Grw=mther hi:i.d dinner with General Alexrmder at the Commander-inChief' scamp. The following cable vms received today from .A.FH1: RN 19635. "Planning to leave Algiers Pbout 1?00 hours ?7 December are M. Le Troriuer and General Giraud, accompanied by five French officers r-nd Lt. Col. Dostert, AFHQ LiPison travelling in General Giraud's private plane. farty Rrriving N'aples Carodichino BTA 1700 hours.n Personal for Clark from T'ontgomery. RN 28?, referring to General Cl~·rk 1 s 1'f,Pny thanks indeed for your conI \"ish your Army fl'Mt success in the coming year. 11 //7g99 quoted in the diary of December ::>5th. gratulations and good wishes. Fallo ing rre three imrortant cables dispctched today: From Richardson to Eighth Army ACTION for Chir f of Staff nnd 15th Army Group inf'ormation and FLA.FIDO for Generel Robertson information, with a copy for Fifth Army. R·r 8047. 11 0rder Cor.i:1rmrler 1st Division together \'lith sw1-ll rlanning staff for amphibious operation to report Commanding General Fifth Army immediately. This Division will come under co:rimand Fifth Arny shortly. 11 Frepare to send 5th Division to cor1e under corn,;and Fifth Army enrlfost. It should be operationPl in Fifth Army are;, within fourteen dn.ys. Corrnander Fifth Division should report to Fifth .Army as soon es you crn sprire r. in. ?.love of this division to be arraneed between you and Fifth Army. 11 I return 15th Army Group tomorrow morning.", Five Army to 15th Army Group ACTIOIJ for DCS and FLAr1BO informrtion for General Rob"'!rtson from Richl'lrdson. RN 8048. 11 Fifth Army will rrobably require two comrnandos and all possible LOT now with Eighth Army. One British Beach Group will be needed and shonld be essernbled now . in m·ples area.• ~,.i Heachm1rters 15th .Army Grour uill move er,rliest to Naples arer> not Casertn. Send Reece rarty to report FLA.IBO irinedir-itely. Fence will be t:re ::,uthority for allottini:s accornriodation. Re uirernents ::-re similar to those now occur,ied by us 11 �and should be clenr of N8ples itself . Inform TAF of Gen~re.1 Alexander ' s decision and pet the Air f1arshal to send Reece prty rtlso . n For Eisenhower fror, Alexander, information Fifth Arny. RU 8049. "I hnve just discussed ;-iith Clark his plan for SHHYGIE on the assumption thPt the craft are bdng retrtined . I ar, giving him tro British Divisions from Eighth Army, one for SH:ITGLE and one to reinforce 10 Corps. I am most r-nxious thnt \7e retain for this operation the RCT of 8?nd Airborne Division no'7 with us and Pm continuing nll"n.'1inr; on this brisis . I '1ould be very p;rat~ful for your assistance in this matter . n * * * CASE.i~TA --DECBIIBER 28 , 1943--At 0800 Lt . Col. Bruce of the H~dical Corps called upon Gencrnl Clnrk , "rho vas troubled by a sev~re cold . At 0830 M Le Troquer , . CoMr,issaire de la Defense Netionale, Genernl Girnud, Gl"\nerrl Juin and severl"l other '!.'rench officers called upon G"neral Clark to ray their respects . At 0930 GenerRl Clrrk, on Lt . Col. Bruce I s in"istence, le-:t the l"rcr-i ~:ind went to the 36th General 1-rospjtn.l rrhere he h:od decided to st:-,y for a day or tvJO in order to clen.r up his cold . Gen~ral Grmmther beld a con:F'erence with the French officers in the conference hut in th~ absence of G~n~ral Clark. Gene ral Gruenther cntertcJned Gen,':)rl"ls LUCP"' , __::8gles, Wilbur F.nd Major Renne at luncheon. The followinr- cable v:?s ~cnt to Gr-m,,,rr>l T'ise11ho'"ler today by Gem•rql Clr-irk: RN 5906. 11 Confirming my conversation with GenerAl '3l'lith I intend to relieve Major Gen~ral John A. Crane from co!l'lm1md of 13th Fi"ld Artillery Br5gade in order to make hin PW' ile blc to serve as Military Commrmder of Rome . 11 * * * CASERTA --DECEHB<ll 29 , 1943--General Gruenthcr conferred with Generel Cl::irk r-t the '36th GenerRl Hospital several times concerning pending and future operations . In the evening Gcn0-ral Grmmther, on behalf of General Cl11rJr, entertained at dinner rJ!. Le Troquer , General GirFtud , General Juin, Genere.l B ,ucler , General CP-rpentier , Gener1'll Roosevelt , togeth"'r with staff officers of the Fifth Army, includinp- Colonel Saltzman and Lt . Col. Porter . At dinner M Le . Troquer and Gen~rnl Giraud spol<:e verv insistently regarding the bringing of the Brosset Division to Italy to ,join the Fifth Arny. Generi=i.l Gruenther re peated the previous considerntinns about the fact that the Brosset Division was armed in pa.rt Tith Americen nnd in rart with British materiel and thPt the problem of supply would be extremely difficult . GP-ncrnl GirPud Pnd H. Le Troquer repeat"d again and agai1'1 th<tt it was desirable from the point of view of French morale that the Bross~t Division come to Italy 2nd thPt b~crmse o:f its superior equipment in motor trucks and machinery repnir and mRintemimce could T'lAintain i~self despite t?e dif'ficulties wb5 ch Might oth~rwise A.rise, drawing its am~unition fron the British 10 Corps . General Clark todny dispe.tchP.d the follm· ine; BIGOT cable to GeMral Alexander: RN g132 . "Admiral Lowry arrived today from Algfors . He st11ted thnt it is Admiral Cunningham ' s understanding thr->t SHINGLE ·rill te ke place north of TIBER . Also that 56 LSTS must return to UK on Febru,.,ry ?nd. Please confj_rm. It is his understand:'i ng thot 12 six-davit LSTS VTill be sent to UK soon. Urgently rer.mest thrt they be k~pt type substituted . 14 six-dc1vit LSTS now �allotted t>re entirely inadequate for our needs . " * * * CASEP.TA-- DECETIB:r:R 30, 1943- -General ClArk conferred et his room in the 36th General Hospital with Generl"l Gruenther and Generril Brr-mn concernjng the problems arising out of simultaneous conduct of planning for O:reration JltTVIL nnd Operation SHINGI.E and the conduct of war on the Fifth Army front . re directed General Gruenth~r to go by n];me to Algiers, lePvj ng Pt dayl:i ght tomorrow·, in order to discuss the r htion of G~ner~l Clnrk to SErTGLE , ANVIL and the re-orgrmization at Allied Force Hendqw.rters . Gen~r"l '8iscnho'"'t'\r, ~ing been appointed to the ~upreme con~Bnd formerly connanding in the<]Ji_ddle Enst, with General Devers ri s bis A:merimm Deputy. General f. lexander is to be the over-all Allied Commrinder in Italy. General ClA-rk has been told informally by General Eisenhm..,er thPt he has been selected for ANVIL, but thus far Gen~rn 1 Alexander has not been in:f'orm":d of this +"act . General ClArk has heerd j ndirectly thAt r> pl1'1nninf; group from Seventh trmy is already nssembling f't Algiers, nnd this is a peculiar siturition, f'S Grmeral Clrirk does not kno1•r rhether they havens yet been jnform~d wbo is to commrnd the ANVIL Operation. As G"nerr.l Fiisenhower is J,eaving Algiers nt once for his new Pssignment , Genern.1 Clark aeemed it essential thPt General G:r;-uenther fly there inmediPtely to clear up +his situation. Becnuse of the confidential nrture of the matter8 concerned, General Clrrk a.n0 Genert> 1 Grucnther Agreed on a code which "muld rerl'li t the exchange of informP.tion without disclosure to Anyone not fPmiliar vlith the code used . General ClArk today received the following cable from Colonel Gjlner, Secretary General Staff, AFHQ . RN 21606 . 11 Gttmeral Gruenther should m"'et G~ner1:l Eisenhorer at Am~rican Operations Office at P'A.ison Blrnche 11.t noon tomorrow 'Priday. General Efaenho· ·er will be expecting him there th~n, as he will depart at 1230 hours local time . Please advise if General Gruenther is delriyed . 11 * * * CAS1~RTA--DECEMBER 1 31 , 1943--Ge:peral Gruenther left for Algiers at sunrise, and General Clr>rk, who had lPrgely recovered +'rom his aold , left , ith Lt . Colonels Sutherland and Bruce for~ couple of days ' rest Pnd r~cuperRtion Rt Sorrento . The followin~ important messafs~S "'ere received rt the co:r,_riand post during the day: Personal for Clark from Lt . Gen . Sir Oliver m. H. Leese . RN COS/200 . tr>ken over comJT1Pnd T;;ighth Army todqy froM GenerA.l Montgomery. Am delighted and honored to be serving nlongside your 11.rmy. Shall be coming to see you F'S soon as possible . tiermwhi le Rm only too r..nxious to help you j n any 'W.y possible in your codn~ ventures . " 11 Heve The two messages vihich follovr vrere received frol'l GenerHl Gruenther jn a confidentiri.1 code whicr hnd been rre-arrf'nged between he ~nd Generrl ClArk: Secret for Clark from Gruenther . RN ?1781 . Your request to keep Fifth Army disapprovcd . 11 11 Clnrk to corrrnrnd ANVIL 7Hf-lE- For Clark from Gruenther. RH ?1980 . 11 Fart of Seventh Army already under orders to arrive here soon. r':essage concerning ANVIL to be sent tonight to �l <21 Alexander and Clerk . Training Center ?..nd Operation ANVIL will be mounted from Italy. Sorry about Fifth Army. " * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, December 1 - 31, 1943 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from December 1-December 31, 1943. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1564 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/4405beb5486b36e1d8a6d22afcffc2ec.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=jYXLuseOJL9fMthSNrP%7ErQRP74tFVLnH-L1T6GOyQNrRz9O4-NZ-2-ha33gzMkW4XxHT8XYJN26VYRqxKcItPQfTmYoWjlwORoNCpVZpGE%7E5fRGWyegfb9d%7EtC5bmOnyqhvXTRqp-So05G3Zee-NaHVf5OWQP8663Ewijzy-sViHK2J-ZztZoA%7E4TdBvSwEMrMVmc693gTbAB%7EdruzMPbxfyzfoKEMCRsBhh5OExLPsI6qMpOuidrvm9S-CFznMJxzqzOSrtvE7qMH2SoB8rTZnOWj4R6OV7AwPJXFuDu1hrP1-SJgqfB0LQIcgKu-EVAPTcZXOHqqqL4kGdUsJShA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d86e20c1005ea7b0d0b109f3f49a1c20 PDF Text Text s ~ This is Volume VI of the 1/ar Dirry of Lieutenrnt General r~rk W. ClPrk. Volume I, covering p0.riod 28 Jun~, 1942 to September 24, 1942; Volum~ II, Covcrin~ reriod 25 September 194? to 5 JanuPry 1943; Volume III, covering period 6 Jimun.ry 1943 to 6 Jun"? 1943; and Volume IV, covering period 7 June 1943 to ?9 AuRUst 1943, rre h~ld in safekeeping Pt the Army 1!ar College, ·foshi"1gton, D. C. VolUJ'le V, cover- ing period Augu~t 30, 1943 to December 31, 1943 is being held in safekeeping in the Commanding Genarn1 1 s safe �OFFICERS ' REST CErT-r:;R, SORRPiIITO--JMWARY 1, 1944--NErr YEAR 1S DAY--General ClPrk r,pent the day r>t the Officers I Rest Center. In the evcninp; he dined with some of his sta.ff officers who ,,,.r~ rre3ent . During thi"' dr_y, motor messengers brought dispPctches do m fron the GenerA.1 1 s commnnd rost, and he discussed various r1atters by telerhone with his Chief of StPff. AMong the day's messages ,.,ere n.n acknowledgment by General Clrirk of Gener:, 1 Leese I s greeting, besides th~ following rnessr:tges from Gencrnl Gruenther who " rs still in Afric;:i; Persnna.l for Clark fro,,, Gruenther . RN 22103 . "My guess js thPt SHINGLE v'ill be cancelled . Rooks and '""hiteley feel thrt Alexander is bf'dly off bflse in this instance ." Personal for Clark from Gruenth~r. RN 22104. "Informe.tion from AcimirP 1 Cunningham indicates nen.rly all LSTS must be released on Febru:c>ry ?nd at latest . Concert h~re is th"t force must land with suprlies for eight dRys with no dependence on re-supply by ,wter. No craft can be furnished for subsequent build-up. General 1'~isenhower has r sked Combined Chiefs to Pllovr 504th to remain for SHINGLE . 11 Personal for Clork from Gruenthcr . RN 22354. 11 Concensus here is thnt SH:It'(\LE should be cr-ncelled unless AleXPnder and Clark can show that there Tiill be no interference with ANVIL. I assume th:ot you now hPve telegrl"'m reference Seventh Army. Suggest you hnve Ga;:r or Harkins report to you immediately to explain status of Seventh Army staff . Part of stnff will start to a.rri ve here .!orldny. 11 Personal Clark to AloY..ander . RN 6037. "fosition regnrding ll"ndine craft nov: clear . It is understood 20 LST 1 s -.rill be released for Feb 5 convoy Pnd 13 more LST ' s 10 dr:iys lriter . J lanning is proceeding on allocation of 88 1ST I s (14 - 6 davit) , 60 LCT 1 s , 90 LOI (1) 's, 6 LSI (1) 1 s, 2 LSI (M) anc' 2 AGC 1 s. Urgently request additional 12 - 6 davit LST's of ?6 destined for er-irly departure TJ . K. be allotted for OperAtion SHrJGLE . Alterm1 te rlrin being prepPred using these additfonPl 12 - 6 daYit LST I s • 11 * * * CASERTA--JJ\.NUARY 2 , 1944--Gcneral Cl.Ark left ~ ,orrento Rt 1100 a.nd arrived at his command post two hours later . Shortly there11fter Generr•l Gruenther arrived from Algiers , and Generals Gruenther and Brann immediately met -•-i th General Clark to discuss the jnformRtion w'lined by General Gruenther in Algi11rs Pnd its effect on future operPtio:r1s . A great rector in this discussion WP :" a cable, R'J' 22218, received at General Clark's commPnd rost this morning PS 11n jnformation copy of n cable from FR'?.EJ"Xlf" to 15th l\rmy Group . This crble, conpletely to General Clark ' s surprise , radically altered the nunber of crpf't :;ivrilRblc for SH:f'TGLE and so limited the time when they 1"ere avrilr-ble PS to render re supply P..nd reinforcement of the SHIJJGLE force iT'lpossible . This c~'!._')le re:.=id as follows : "At the Tunis conference on 25 December it ''IPS P greed thrt SHIJJGLE could be undertal,:~n on the follo"dng basis: !,. Thrit nothing should be allowed to interfere vrith the target d[lte of OV'i:JlLORD or ANVIL. ]2 . ThPt the build- up . into Corsica should b"l safeguPrded . Q. Thero vms no riuestion of r1r>intenrnce of tr~ force over the beaches . ]2. There wes no question of A subsequent buildup of the initial force. �"The following are full details of l"nding craft r>vailability: s_. 1ST. At the Tunis conference it was decideo thnt 88 WP.S the T1.Rximwn thrt could be mP.de awiilable. Since then: (1) Doubt hrs arisen r>s to ,~hether 8 of these will not have to proceed to UK at once to enable the r8fitting progrP.m for OTIRLORD to be completed. (2) 3 fast LST heve been ordered to return from India, and it is hoped thr>t they will arrive jn time. Thus in the best case 91 LST will be avajlable e.nd in the worst case 80. In l'my crse, ho1'Tcver, you should not plnn on more than 95% of the avPilRble LST being service8ble at the time of the operation. 15 of the 1ST allotted are of the six-drwit type, and it appears proh-'lble tht>t this will be increased to 16, which is the mnximum possible. ]. LCT. 35 T'!a.rk V and 25 rhrk II, III or IV are expected to be available and serviceable. Q. LCI(l). A total of 90 are expected to be aveilable t1nd this figure Plip;ht be increPsed slightly. ]2. LSI(l) 6 and LSI(m) 2. "It r.mst be clearly understood thrt the LST scheduled for return to UK must be releA.sed no ln.ter tran 3 Februriry reg,.,rdless of 3HINGLE D day, P lso that 16 LST must be relen.sed no bter thr-n 3 Febru~ry to be b"ck on the Corsica run by 5 February re-gr.rdless of SIIPJGIE D d11y. Certnin otr"'lr LST must be released ir.imediately after the Pssault for ov"'lrhriul, Pnd vm AstimPte thP.t tr is ,•sj 11 leave you 6 serviceable LST for ell ms intennnce rurnoses in Italy ;,ftcr D./2. It is estimated thAt 24 serviceable LCT v:ill be rvailA.ble for all mainten:rnce purposes in Italy after D/2. 11 All above (1 P,Toup corrupt) concernin~ landing craft do not tPke into account 'battle losses from present time onwards. "It is emphasized thPt there must be a return to the ngremnents of the Tunis conference :md if acceptabl~ pl::>ns c::>nnot be drarn on thPt hrisis the GOCI!JC 15th Army Group must so stPte in orcl.er th::i.t the recoP1nendrition to ce.rry out SHPTGL.Ti: can be recons5 dered. n General Gruenther informP.d Gencrrl Clark thPt a Comr.iander-in-Chief 1 s conference nas now being held in Tunis cnncerning th9 mounting of SHINGLE ::>nd ANVIL; that General Alexander WAS there and vms discuss;ng the avAi]p'l:>ility of shipping with AdT'liral Cunningham. General Clr,rk, therefore, dispatched thn fol::!..oninr; cr-ible to G"lncrril ~lexander. RN 8281. "As I stated to yo1 l rhon you rere here several days a.t;o, I am enthusiastic over outlook for Operation 3HITTGLE provided thnt nece"'sary meAns are made available. Conditions proscribed in Fr~edom message ??2rn, requiring release of ell but six 1ST by "'ebru~ry 3rd, ..rill probt->hly rflsult in situ tion which 'l"'ill :make oy,ern.tion extremel;.r hnzarcous. I urgently request thnt you m11ke every effort to hold Adequate number of crP.:i"t for SF=:'JGLE 1mtiJ such time "'S success of the opere.tion is assured. 0 "Vlith the optimum number of LSTS which :vill be avn.ilr>ble the two jnf8ntry divisions ;vill lPnd vrith grel'ltl;r reduced vehicle strenr;ths. For exnmple, the British Division will have 1?00 vehicles le~s thrn assr,ult r-c,.los. Ancricrin Division and all attached surporti11g units both divi"'ions Hil1 be correspondingly reduced. Corps troops with acequatc trnnsr,ort and eriuipment will be prricticrilly nonexistent. 1 "Another unfrvorable fa~tor is thnt smPll number of Assault cr11ft will permit lPndin1; only five 4 nfantry h'lttnlions Enrl one ranger h1tt2lion assPult ~ �loaded. Reserve battA.lions w1.ll not be Pble to lrind in assnult crnft. It was for this reRson thnt I sent you ce.ble 6037 (quoted in yesterday's diary) asking thP.t l? PdditionPl LSTS with six davits be r1ade avnilRbL. The alternative is to use LCILS for the reserve units. The NElvy co'Ylsiders this on unsl'!tisfPctory method in view of lmown beach conditions, and I concur. In spite of these difficulties I have bi,en willing to 12.nd the corps At r(~duced str ,ngth on the assurription thRt ue ·aould be able to retain P reasonRble nunbcr of LSTS for resupply purposes and to trnnsport the necessary v~hicles needed by the ass:rn.lt forces. Freedom nessage 22218 hr.s ruled out thPt assumption. Minimum nunber of LSTS 1•rhich must be ret8inod is 20. Ten are needed for Rn indefinite period for re-supply purposes a.nd. ten for a reriod of t 1To ,,,eeJrs for tr'-"nsportc'ltion of vehicles. If lJo. vy Hill not remove loading lir1itRtion of 400 tons per LST P. total of 24 LSTS will be re0uired. 1 "rt is my conccptfon of Oporrtion 3HI1IGLE th;:it vre r-mst coun.t on "'.upplying by sea for P. minimum period of 15 days rind probebly longer. The 0xr,.,cted location of the Fifth Army 11hen SHIJGLE is lP.unched is such thA.t it is highly improbeble that the two forces rill be able to gain confo ct in less than, thet time. I intend att1=1c'k in. gre<>test rossible stren<rth in L-i.ri Valley severnl days in adwmce of SHT'.JGIB ~,fitr the object of draving r1axin.um mmbcr of enemy reserves to thPt .,.~ront iind fixing then therP-. In thrt vm.;r and in thPt way only CB.n the SHFJGLB Force exercise a decisive influence in the operPtion to carture Rome. 11 If r~y idea of the opern.tion is sound it is essentiol that ··,c make rrovision to re-surPly the force ?S indicrted above. rry estimntc of ?O LSTS makes no allonance f'or craft to rrovide a build-up although it :is quitr-; conceiwible thPt the ener-iy situntion mP.y mPke thl'lt <>ction necessary. "Present estirr£tte is th~.t D Day will be Jrmwiry 25, Although T Pm making ever:r effort to adv"ncc thet sevoral days." Gener.:>l ClR.rk felt th'1t he was genu:inely e1'1~er to engrige in SHH-TGLF:, to \ the point of' committing in it units -hich he rroulrl suhsequently hnve to utiJ.:ize in K~NIL, but thrt, in effect, a. pistol was being held Pt his head becruse he was told, totally t0 hj" SW'prise, thrt if he wns to engage in '3HINGLE it must be done '"ith inadequate craft, thet the craft ,..ould be ev<>ilable for only two de.ys after the l.nndini:; rnrl thPt no re-supr,ly or rr~inforcement thereafter i7ould be awiil2.ble. In effect, therefore, he WPS Psi:0d to land two divisions et a point where a junction vith the h=iln.nce of Fifth Army was impossible for e ) long period, thereby leavinr-; tho t,ro di visions :i.n question out on a very long limb. L r2 Later in the afternoon Generr:tl IfoCreery called on General Clar}!- Pnd discussed the f'uture operations of 10 Corps. He also spoke of P conversation he recently had had vdth the General Co·1m~n.ding the 5th British Division, "hich is About to become part of the Fifth Army, and in particular rbout thrt officer's comment concerning the caswltics of thrit Division. Gener'l.1 ncCreery ) was struck by the comparativ~ly trifling c.nsualties vrhich h...,rl been suffered and by the light chPracter of the fightinp; on the Eighth Army front which this / indfoated. The follovrjn~ cnblo was srmt to VI Corps rind the Fr~mch Exy-,"Jditiom1r;7 Corrs todr-i.y. rm 6051. 11 Effective 031200 JanuPry French r.:xpca~tionary Corps riill relieve VI Corps find CG, F~C wi11 assur::1c coriT1r-ind of present VI Corre sector n.nd �..5 responsibility for current ~ission of VI Corps. "Assignmr,nts rnd 'ltt::ichmrmts ncntioned in Fifth ~rmy letter, AG file 11 Troops rrssignrnents ,nd PttPclir1<>nts1t become effective 031200 J::,nuRry 19f+/h 322 .1-Y dated 2 J,r,.nunry 19M+, "'Ubj0ct 11 VI Corps ·vill reconnoiter the flre::i uest of I\VsRSA-HAILES rord 2n south of 10 Corns reAr boundrir;r for bivoun.c are;:-~ f'or Corr-~ CI' n.nrl Corps Troops. Areris selected will be clearoa ~i th G-3 Pnd G-4 this her'dqurrtors , ·ho will arrringe contact"' rith FBS ''Ih~re necessary. "Effective 040001A January, 3d Infrntry Jivision ,.,nd rtfrch d 441st AAA A'"l Bn rnd 601st TD Bn is ntto.ch~d VI Corps." * * CASTillTA--JANUl\RY 3, 1944--Gen"'rn l Clerk tod::,y confl"lrrod j n the morning concerninf, pmnin,:,- operAtiori.s with Gcm~r"l J:9yes, Gen0r"l Gruenthrr, GPner~l Brrinn nnd G~n9r::i_l L9mnitzer. Gent'lr~l Keyes r>nd Gener~l L'jrnnitzer st~y"'d for lunch. In the pfternoon G9nOr"l LuCPfl cnr,c rind r1 jccuased J.j_s rrorosGn rll"n for the rount. nP, of SHIITGLr.;. On Jrinm1 ry 1st, by Gen"'r:' 1 Pattnn =rs relieved) fron cor1mf'nd of the 3cve'1th ArT"ly, r>nr Gcn9r~1 C1,,rv:: "'PS r,l2c..,d in comm"nd of it, in arldition to his cor,"lnnd of t}1e Fifth Army. The di:' y "f11'm h0 ,,;ould lay do 11m c6mnc'nc1 of the Fifth Army was left to 0ir> cleterrrdn.,,tion. Fart of the Seventh Army PlPnning Staff vr:'s r>lreaily on the wr,ter on its "'A.Y to Alfti-rs <>nd the Chief of StRff, Seventh Army was on his w>y to confer vi th G ,neri= 1 Clrr1r. The Grin~rrl I s int,,ntion vras to send Gemr,r il Brann ir:1I1cdirtely to Alir' ers to take charf{e o+' the I'lo.nninr, Grour anrl rt n:r eArly <lat9 he rropos9d to set ur his Army HePJ'l.quartcrs in Itn ly, ro· sibly nt Salerno, derending uron b ce of mountini; and tr" inint:; for A'nfIL. It would be di f'f'5 cult for him to retain more them ri few li::(ly reorle from his rresent sbff, - tentPtivcly his four G's and bis Sip;ml Of'fj cer, rr~ th & fc ,r junior officers "no, of course, his Chfof of Staff. The nio11nti:>1a of ANVIL vmulc'I be mr-de by four American Jjvisions and five or six -'rench Divisions. The /1.nericP..n Divisions would l110k>" the initifll 0ssault, and the rench Divisions tb..,n come in. The GenerAl is seeking to get nn airborne division in arldition 11.nd is seeking nn a.ppropriate Air Commander . 0 At noon today GenerRl Lucas rcl:i.nquished comMand of the sector in ,•·hich VI Corps had been oper~ting, and Generel Juin 1 s CEF took over the com.~and of the 2nd Norocctm Division rind the 45th Division. The 7th R.T.n. of the 3rd AlgeriPn hRd already start0d thc relief of tho 179th Inf,-,ntr;'{. GenerPl Lucas, following a ceremonial relief by Gennr.11 Juin at Prata, caml'! to t:be confero.nce with GenerPl ClRrk ri ✓ ntfoned r-bove rinc1 tr"•n '7ent on to set up his new HePdquarters at f"addaloni. The Prmy Co"1mrmder received r- cable f'rom G0nernl Alexanrler, !RN, stPting that General Alexander trill arrive Cap()dichino at 1130 to"':lorrow r>nr' plP.ns to return to B::iri th0 samn Pftr:?rnoon, 11nd 1-rill hPV3 ffcrty of' four. The fol lo"ri ni:s excerpt is f'lade of Cosi tintrop Ll78 frori 15th Arrriy Group, �RN o . 848 : "Fifth P,rmy French ~x:reditionrry r:orps (FBC) CF open".ld Prata Hl614 at 031::>00A hours . Relieved VI Corps . CG FEC ass11mnd comrr,"nd rresent VI Corps Sector a!lo resron::::ibilH;r for current m.i'>sion 0f VI Corps . 3 Al!'.;erinn Div movement to 45 Div Ar~P continues . Relief of 179 Inf :in are& Fl4,?6 by 7 .Alger Inf started todey. 2 1 'oroc Djv. r;e,,,thnr li~jt~d operf!tions . Security patroll5_np;. 4 Div Sno'" ext,r-;rie cold "'nr' rurrg,,0 t11rrrin hl=impering r>dv<>nce 180 Inf Patrols located enemy in Acquafondola H05?6. Ene!'ly still holding at G9727 9725 . II Co1'J)s . 1/i.2 Inf security ratrols only. No contact TFA strong combP.t patrols to G9L,16 - g515 met hewvy enemy resistt:>nce . 1 Armel Div less Hq One Corbot Comnand relieved nttrichl"lent II Corps 020001A hours reverted to Fifth Army Control. Povinp; vicinity Aqul'llirmo 1'Jl357. X Corrs . 56 Div. 168 Bde to M8798 found enemy. I'r.trol to bridge M 8594 niade no contact . Army 'I'f'S. 3 US Div less 15 Inf' reverteo to /irmy Con+,rol ::>921401\ Decl"):riber now closed in Area 2 rTiles T-Torth of Pozzuoli NlOL.6 . ~i.fth Army cr>sualtiAs to 1 Jan. Ameri can killed 2673 wounded 11010 r1issinP, '3366 . British killed 1682 ~rounded 7112 missing 2884 . Fr -nch 1-::illed ?28 wounded 144g missing 89 . n: by Ari.ericnns 2g95 . British 1686. French 118 . 11 * * CASERTA --JA~-lU~RY 4, 19l+L:---This morning G'"'n""rRl Gl2rk l"P.cejv~d calls from Brigcdier G"mor11l Sr•;1bridge, G- 1, A'.'Iq , rnd Brigadier Genernl Arthur Hilson , Comm""nd:ing ,13s. Tith Gener[il Srivrbridge he oiscussed the transfer of certnin rersonnel from Fi.r>th Arrny to Seventh Arr1y a:111 also the riuestions ;:,risinp; out of' certP in Legion nf T<irit 8 .,,,rds . JIG took up vr>rious ~upply problems in his ciocussion with GAnPrPl il3on . Shortly b~fore noon J::,e held 11 mr-,etinP ~t th"" hut Pt which tb~ro "'ere present Generr>l Luca" , G,~ncrr-1 GruP.nthP.r , Ac1r,irel Lo'"rry, Captain Le...,ds , Generc>l Truscott , Genf:'lral Brr>.nn and vnrious st<iff officers . Ge-neral Cl,,,rk stAtcd thr-t he '.7PS e-,rpectin?, P visit "'roT'l Gon'"ral Alexo.nder j_n A few minutes "nd th"'t the pre3c-,it mr~etine hr-d been cRlled r-s ~ preliminnry to the w:iet5.np- with GAneral Alex;:,nder . T-fe r1entioned the :mrpri~c •ri th vrhich he hPd received the message from <\FHQ (mr 2?;::>18 , quoted jn the dir->ry of Jf!nunry ?nd) r,lacinrr l:i r-d to.tions on th8 "mount of crest 11 VPilP bl': for SHINGLE and on the tir,e ,rhen the crPft ' ere awil,,ble could b"; US"'}c1 , Pnd stc t8d th['t under tho c0nditions of this messe.ee re-SUT'Pl:V r>nd rei f'orcerl\ent vras imross:ible . After 1 sone a; sc;1ssion of v::irious c et:clilP , the G~ner"l 1mr,1T'l11rizcd his nosition '"'S follows: "'"19 are supposed to go ur tbere , r1 ump t•."o di visions P shore '<ri th V.'hrt corps troops we C<'.n s~t ~ n, with r1 n indeterr1j na to nunber of craft without re suprly or reinforccT1cnt, and 1"[\i t for the rest cf the Arm:r to ;join up . n He then adned , 11 I am trying to find wPys to do it , not -rpys in which "''e con not do it . I ari convinced that -re r> re r;oing to do it, P n,1 thn t it -i s going to be a success . n The P s ser:ibled o:f'fj cers left uron the r rri vr l of G0nern 1 Alex~11.der , ,·,ho cemc with I"ajor G~nr:rR.l Rich.i:;rc'lson :::>nd Lt. Gen . HPrcl:i ng. Gen°rPl Robr:,rtson also came , a.nd these officers , ·rith Gencrl"l Grur.;nth,r E>nd G")nerrl Brnnn, discussed operntion rmI:TGLE . 1 General Cll"rk statPd to (km~rnl J\lexP.nder thl'lt th"} messae;e RN 2;)218, had corie P s r' cor,plete ourpri se n11d shoc1· to him, as no pr~vi ou'"> suggestion from General Ale7ander had rdnted at the linitrtions of riv,ilnb1e shipping ~1hich this nessage imposed . Gencr::i.l Clnr}r stnterl to General /\.lexrmder 1 s surprise / �thPt he , General Clark, had l'.11o"rn for three '"eeks th"t he hNl b0en selected to cormFind 11 1 1VIL and new~rthcles-:: , ,lesrite J,-,is nrtur2l interest jn conserving force for thrt blow , he r<1d "c'lnt.busiristjcnll:r ,nter d into C-:HI'mLF. rlP.nning and hPd nronosed to nut his 1JI Corps staff "nd .bis 3rd Infrntry Division , t",o of his fin~st rin;J T"!~st useful orgr>nizatio·'ls , ~ :nto the SVPTGI:~ Operl'ltior, ,=hicr 'WS one of c0ns::.dereble hazard in ,·:hich t.beir usefulness f'or .11.TIVIL nip;ht be considerably iripnircd . Gener;il Cl['rk furtblr ,tr>ted to Gennr"l AlexPnder thet he W"'S fully deter:riined on p-oi>-1g into jHr'GLE end puttinr, fortl1 evcr-::,r effort to rna1,:e it n. success , but it could not be done nitl1out tro cr;of't, originally Agreed on . Gen"rnl Almmnr1er then unrlertook to drn'·' r c.--ble to the Fril"le f'inister exnlE1inin1:,- tho. rer.Jnisites of srirr:inr.; for the successful confuct of r.;IUNGLE and had a difficult tin<:'! vi th the fr cts "nd figures unt:i. l G"!n<lrf' 1 Clnr], "'Ufplied him .,j th P copy of' cnble P.H 8?81 of Jl'lnw ry ?nd (quoted in thcit dey ' n diriry) ~•rhich General Ale-v:r-inder hRd hrc1 for tno dP;TS . GenerP l t lext1nrl~r , r0c0gnizing th,.,t all th0 n9cessrry datr. wa" contain,.,cl in Gen0rril Cli=irk 1 s c11ble , c'lrew a cab] e o,.. his m;ri tr, the Prime r~inister ndortinr; the subst1mce of' Gnnerfl l mm cable . lo ,l 0 1 (J G C Gr-meral ClE<r1'- tcld Generrl Alemnrler th::-t he rroposed to continue plflnning for 3HI rm,s onrl , cs 8 rossih1e c lternntiv8, 1rP.cp in riinrl r shorter ~nd run just north of Gaete Ioint to be pi<:rforned with one djvision only. However , G0nerr-il Cl..,rk further strted thrt in his estiMPtion :lt "TPS thP- ('unction of G<>n,,rrl Alexander to determine v;hother the number of Gern;:in Divisions prepPred to oppose tr1e lrirdinR; in 3HHTGLB ',ms too grer>t to per>"~-t r succcss,,.ul or'"rr tion Pnd that hr-i , G<>ner8l ClnrJ:, dic1 not rropose to rrirc-~ this question ::,ny further . He poj.nted out to GrmerRl Alexander thrt he understooc" thc-t the '.)qth P;inzer Gr0nr> dier Regj ment hPd just be(m noV!3d by the German cor,mand from the Fifth Army front to a position near Rome , •7hich n,dded rll.oth~r division to those in rosition to oprose the opr,ratfon under discussion. G"!n9rnl AlexrindP-r anc'l the throe officers riccomrnnying hin then left the cor.in;ind post by cub for Crpodi.chino airport nnd returnod by plP..ne to B2ri. / \ GencrPl Cle.rk ,,.elt thPt l't tho :nr:ietinr with the Prime I'fj nistqr in Tunis on Christnas D;:iy -·hen Gnneral Eisenhormr , Gener11l Alexander anc'l others \7ere I present , the Trime f'in:: ster had been :Lnrpircd --Ji th a desire to CPfture Rorie and bad determj ned thr>t 'HI'TGLS v;ould ta ·e plrice , Pnd GeniJra 1 Sisenho·· er "nd G0ne - 1 rel Alexand0r , ·ritrout detn:tled l:nomledge of the rro½l9l7!S involver , had r-greed / to it . n'1fortunrtely, in General Clrirk 1 s estimation, none of those rrho thus lip;ht hcartedly de c id.ed on tho SH:nTGLE Operation understood the detPils of shippj_ng end of loar'linf'" nl'"Jcessary to rut rshore the requisite .,,.orce 2nd nri"ntain it when once Pshore . The Genornl felt thrt G0n,,ral Alexnnder, even ,oft0r re ceiving GnnerPl ClPrk ' s 7JT 8?81, still did not n.rrr0.cirte the re,1uisites f'or a successful oper:=i,tion auch as SPIJ-TGL'"' , Pnd h11 had been hamper0d rt a Comm~:inder in- Chief 1 s con:'ercnce ulth Admiral Clmn:inp.;hPm on Janur>ry 0 nd by this lr>ck of informRtion. Gener8,l ClBrk felt thr-t ,•rhcn Gen(1r;:a 1 ft lexnnder hPd b0tm br,clly dis.s.prointed 1 at not gettinP' the 1•"'n.iterrPnean CoJ11Jnand , vice Grmer, 1 EisenhoT'T(')r , Pnd at not being selected to fo l low G'.mcr a l ~isenho"er to UK for a. comriand there , the Frir,e Hinistcr had ->ttcmpted to sr,othe his feelings by p,-j ving h:i.m the high s01mding ,,mt somevrhat empty title of Cor:imnnr1er- in- Chicf , Itrly, Bnd b;v ~iving him Lt. Gr:m . Harc1 ing as his Chief of :3taff , to G0neral Harding ' " oiseppoint ment cs he hrd hopcn to cor~111and his Corps jn OVT'JtLo-qn . ~lith tJ-,'3se other conc essions , the Prime r'inister kd 2lso , in Gener al Cbrk ' s estil"lr-tion, given l �General Alexn.nder P'"rmission to riount Ororntion ~HI TGLE vrithout proper consideration of the f,,ctors imrolvnd in the or'"rf1tion. The r,ritter 1c'as rendered more coJTJplex hy th~ fRct tr.Pst the crr-"t of ·7J-•:Ich the FriMe ' 1inister -r:1 s disposinr, "ere in large rrJeasure American ere ,...t And r>ot subj net to his control. _,, This evening P now phr,sc of the Fi th Army attn k "ms jnstitut'3d nhen the 3/+th Division, the Speci"ll Service Force rn~ th(') t)th ~rmorr:id Division pushed forvm.rrl. By thA close of the d<>y our troops ·;ere in S<Jn Vittore nhere street fi~hting hed occurred. Some -.,iw,nces hrd been r1c-ide on the M gh gr01md to the northeast. General Clark today rlispatchnd the follo 1'linr cr)blc to crrc, JFH'.}. RN R37?. 11 1. Decision by r,L I'130 precludes the loacing of cr.>rgo sJ-,ipr.ing at Fantaloon "or Operation SHil GI.E e:rcert for fPrt of shirrfog to :'3.ccorn.p.?ny assault convoy. This ruling nn.de because loading of ar'ditional shippi11.g would interfere rith rlrmned incorrtng tonnPr;es throui::h fort of f rnt.<:iloon. ?. Contemplate loading 4 fjtt~d Libcrtfos v7ith British Pnd Am~ricrm Ground Force Stores r,ric. 1 Cor-:ister .,..d.th Air Force supplies rt Fnntnloon because of the selective loading required anc because of non-avPilBbility of certain supplies in !forth Africa. 11 3. 'ill require 8 Fitted Liberty Ships eAch to he sprerirl loaded TTith BritisJ:, and Americn.n Ground Force supplies l'lnd ? Co9sters to be lof-1.ded with Air Force supplies in P 1forth A""ricPn Port or Forts cesignated by you. Am pr':lparecl to. Sl'!nd rGpresl'mtr,tjves ..,ith reriuisitions to 30S IJATCUSA and AFRQ (British And TQI"'s to fort or I-orts of lonning. 11 "Li-. It is required th-it four fitt"d Liberties rncl 1 CoPster loaded in North Africa a.rrive Pantaloon not later than ?3 Janwry and the brilanc" of 4 Liberties and l Coaster to arrive Pentaloon not ln.ter thnn 1 Febru,.,ry. 5. Request thA.t the Liberty 8hi:rs anr Corister be Ylomin..-ted n_nd port or rorts of loadh1g be designrited. forts selected f1ust be carabl•~ of lo::iding British rnc American supplies on the sr>me ship. Also re~uest deadline drtes for arrival in North Africa of reriuisitio11.s rnd representPtives. 11 11 6. New subject: Rerpv~st eXPrrdn1:1tion of Pdequ"'CY of stocks to be loaded on above shipping in t,rorth Africa for brilance supplying for ?O dAys of 1 Am1-,ricn.n , nd 1 Britisl Division uith supporti.n~ troops Fith particulr>r ref19rence to 0 ammunition of following calibe rs: British TyJ)es 5~ 511 G,m, 4. 5 Gun, ?; po1.L.'1der, l '7 pounder, 25 pounder, 3 11 nortar. Arnericr>n Types: 75 mm Gun 3'1 Gun 105mm Tfovri tzer, ft-2 155mm irowitzer, fi'-1 155mm G,m, M-1 57mm i\nti-t~ink Gun L~. 2 11 r 7ortn.r 11 �9 CASERTA--,TATTTTARY 5, 194L~--GeMr<>l Clnr 1{ re!7lainl')d at his cori:'lanrl post throughout th'-' day, stuc'vinrr, rlans for Opelr"tio11 s SHriGLE nnd A'TTJIL. ,7ork-i'1IT to fi.nd the nece"'sarv nunb~r of cr:i.ft for Operr>tion "HrrGIE, Gener:--1 Alexander sent a radio messaP"l'l to Gl'!nP.ral Clrrv, IHI 533 , telling h"m th"t he i"' pressing Trime T-'inister Churchill (By prl'l-errRnr;ement, the lril'1~ T~inister wes referred to :in this e.nd subse1mmt messr>ges as "Colon.el \r:=trdcn") very hPrd to get ur the necessary craft wanted for the expedition, and Us maintenrince . Gener,, 1 Alex::inder in-l"ormed Genernl r:lark thrt he hri.d suggestr-d r,oin~ by air to see the Prime l~inister Pnd asked thl'lt Genernl Clrrk be reridv to s~nd nn 8dequ.-.,te small st11ff , both i:\rmy and N11vy , armec1 with full plrin Rnd lording tabl.-,s in simple form so they can be expl11.ined to I'r. Churchill. During the nfternoon Gnnerr>l Alexander rgrin rt">dioed Generrsl C1Frk, R~r n. t'.'Jlegrrim -l"rom rrirne '1inister Churchill 1hicr indicates that .re r,r,y get thl"l crr.r-t re quired . He c sked Gener£1l Clark to nle?s~ continu~ to plan Opcrfl.tion "FJ"GLE on th·~ nss,;mption throt r full amount of craft uill b~ avn.ila½l" • He ask~d Gener'"'l Clnrk to fly his spec:ial, small SHrTGLE staff to r'Rrrrikech, rhere "Colonel V iard.en" is now staying . General Clark then issu~d instructio.,,.s to his Chief of St, ff to hPV" a smP 11 group of o-"f~_cers alerted for t,~e journe;r. A rrelin5n,"'ry discussion by the staff with Gener 1 Alexandor will be held Janu'c'ry 7th in 'arrakech, e.nd then the ma:in conference vith the Prime t'inister ,!!ill be held the following day. :'A/9~6, telling him thnt he had rccei ved 0 In A.nswer to GcnerRl C1Pr1,. 1 s cable of yest~rda.y, //8372 (quoted in yesterday ' s diPry) , l\."'FT:1 todn;r instructed FLf I"BO R ,J 23997 , to fly to Algiers immediate ly a r-"presentriti ve ,,,1.tr r8quic;i tion.s for th8 r.:ooo s of both ground 1'1.nd air, British anrl American, needed to lrn:>c1 the 8 Liberty ships rind the 2 Consters in North AfricPn ports . ',pott-in.p: P"ld loading 'ere to connence at once, Pnd officers · 1ere to be sent to arl.vise on loadj -rig methods . Anoth~r cr>bl0 receiv:~d f'rol"! Ali;iers, R'J 23999 , in reference to GenerPl ClPrk 's ;18372, Psks an urgent reply from 15th Army Group PS to vrhethAr or not the Comrnn:ider of the 8th A··phibious Force (Admiral Lorrry) h2.s Rgrecd to trike cars::;o ships in on the assault or if they nre to be in t}·e iIDI'lcdiPte follo :-up. Gcnerril r.ruenthr,r indic,,t0d on a notJ on tris messaw~ thr-t the Connrin er of the 8th Ar1phihious Force 1111d ~greed to ta. 1re the shirs in on the nsseult . 0 In the evenine n~nerRl ClPrk ha.cl rs his dj n•1er rue st r:iss Pnrge.ret Bourke White, the f'n.mous woman photogrApher . She h~ s 1),->,en t:oJ,:ine pictm·es for LIFE r~agazine along the Fifth .Arn;r front . She discussed her imrressions of fight inp; j n the Fj_fth Army sector ancl sr·id tkt sre, , rbo hPd been r-in eXDornmt of the tough life of the Air Corp'"' , h2rl learned from watch:i n1 vround troors how really tough war can be . General Levd s was nlso £J P,Uest . Other important messo.ges of the da7 ,·ere as follo.,s: For General Alexander ' s (')yes only from Clr>rk . R 1J 6203 . 11 A group of two Army Rnd one NavPl officer has been set up to accompany you to see Colonel Wardrm. I trust thnt the mettAr ,n1 be settl~d firmly within next 4g hours . 11 To crrc from Cln.r}'- reference your 23499 BIGOT . RH l:,215 . 11 Airborne divi·sions should b<3 orr;anized with three rarachute regir,~ntc1l combet terns 1rnd no glider reginent . Irt vievr of nrture of Oneration MI'TIL, I con ·ider it essential that airborne division l'.!ontain some battle-trained airborne el..,'1lent"' , 13.nd I �l() again urgentl y recomri~nd th<1.t 50/..th RCT remr in here to c onstitute nucl"'us a.round which to build new airborne combnt terns to be brought f'rom United Stnte'"' . Your directive to rne for Operntion AFVIL indic2tes two airborne RCTs will be rvailablP- in addition to four TJ . S . infantry divisions . I am count ing on four infr>ntry di visions . If I am forced to choose betvmen the fourt h infantry division and an s.irborne division , I definitely VTPnt the infnntry division . In that event :tt would be inperative thrit the 504th RCT be re t ained here "-l.nd th, t rt least one additionr.l prrachut e RCT be brought from United St ates ." 11 * * * CASERTA --JANUA.RY 6, 1944-- This morning at 0900 Genr--ral Clr>r], c111led e moet ing of officers prelirriinrry to the cl eparture of the Sm" 11 str ff wi..ich vm s to discuss 3HHTGLE with Generr,l Alexa.nc1er nnd Col onel Vhro.en . The meeting was held at the G~ner1:il 1 s conference hut , and thP,re "ere present , be'3:ides Genernl Clark, General Gruenth~r , Admirnl Lowry , Gcnerr>.l Luc3s , Genera l Brann, Cay,t ain Lewis , TTSTJ, Colonel T;,te , Col onel Hill , Col onel 11illiPms Pnd Lt . Col. O' Neill. GenerR l Glark told tJ-,e o"'ficers thrt when Gemral Alexander vms present he , (}enernl Clar1-::, had insi sted thPt he needed a l'linimum of ?.L. LSTS aft er t he Assault , 14 for n.n indefinite per; od 1rnc1 10 for rit least 15 days . These ·!ere needed for ri build- up in troors and r1nteriel. En snio that +.he o"'ficers who wer e 1soin~ to the conf'erence must stick to their figu:t' As in the conference ''Ti th the Fd.me i':inister r>1c'1 not be ca jolcd · into retrenting "rom them, as the de c ision must he ,.,rrived rt bn.sed on the a ctual meds . The GcnerPl said thrit the Fresident Pnd the Combined Chiefs of Staff ,·,ere hcsitPnt to t~ke any ster Til~foh M:i f:;ht i rip~ril A~ IL and OVER LORD , v1hile the I-rime l!inister felt t hnt it vas c1 es:i.rPble to toke Rome at almost any c ost . GenerPl Clark: rereatea thPt it wAs r'lso necessary to appraj_s" the i:memy situ.,ntion at the b.st no!'l'mt to detArmine -rhether enemy build- up was too large to be overcome . Admiral Lowry stA.t~,:i th;:it the necessary cr:1f't, for SITIITGLE must start at once :for this area - that it .,..rould be impos3:ible to \"'ait +'or Fl conference on the ,qth 7lith Col onel 'larden , a de c ision on tl e 10th rnc'l then stPrt the craft . Gcnf'!rP l Clnr'l{: str>ted thr>t th0re nust be n T::iv['l of-f'ic~r ct the conference , and Admiral Lowry stated thA.t CPptain Le"1is was needed hero for planni nr; ,·,ork. I-T owr'v'3r , it was decided that Ce.ptR fo Le'7i 'J could go to Algi P-rs , trlk over the situntio11 ,·rith Capt-in Olds , of /\.dmiral rr~,~itt 1 s stPff , and Captain Olds could then ~o on to the c0n:"'er'1nce nnri exple in th,q situr tion , while Captain Lewis return9d to Feedqunrters Fifth Army. 0 Colonel Tate reported th:=•t the rroblem of loadinr; Liberty shirs ve_s well in hand . Generel ClRrk then asked Lt . Col. O' Neill whrt his ri:nswer vrould be if he ,,,ere asked why ~4 LCT3 would not do as Fell as LSTS for re- supply. Co l onel O' Neill j mmedfo.tely saF thrit t1'e Pnmvcr "ould be that rn 1ST rnuld hold 36 trucks and an LCT ·rould hold 8 , a11d Goncrr l ClPrk r~minded him ag"in t het tr~ fnctors of weather , spel"d rn,.d turnrround of th~ different vessels were also important . Genernl Cl..,rk rcrent<;d th!'t the o"ficers v1'o go to the con:ference should mrike it vorv cler-r thrit uithout th"l 24 LSTS thP, oper2tion was not feasible; thPt Fore it frrrossibl'-' to rrocure them , 1-ic could try the landing just north of Griet::i Tith one division , if his staff found i t ro"'sible . �l\ Colonel Tate then cor;1mented on the fr,ct thrt the roRr1 net to Gaeta was hazardous , as it could be easily blocked by demolitions . As the General ' s plri_ne , piloted hy Captain 0 1 Neill , was waiting at Capo dichino to take off Ht 1100, the conference broke up shortly rifter 1000 , and Captain Lewis , Colonels Hil l and WilliPms and Lt . Col . O' Neill , who were the Fifth Army representatives , left for Capodichino and North A.fr ice. . GEmeral Clark spent the rest of the dEJY studying preliminary drafts of plans for SHINGLE and f ~TVIL . In the evening General Olrrk entertained Pt dinner Colonel Mickelwait , Co l onel l,jndner , Colonel Saltzman and Lt . Col. Porter . At about 2200 G- 3 reported thrit a II Corps message rmnounced th1=1t tho vill<>ge of Srm Vittore had been cleared of the enemy. The following j mportr•nt messages vrere received rincl dispatcht")d today: Person8l for Clark from Alexander . RN MA./973 . "I hPve received follow ing sign;::il from Chief of Combined Operations . ' try directive a.s CCO includes the study of the tactic.?l rnd technicGl prohlmris of amphibious opertions Find advice to the Chiefs of St aff . This cPnnot be done from 1:ifhi tehall Pnd re quires my stAff to keep in dir e ct touch with operat:i.ons . Therefore wbile realizing thrt spe ctators are usually a nuis11nce , I rr9quest your 8pprow:s 1 for Co l onel Langley and Commander Scott Miller of COE!'.~ to ,',itness operetion SHil'TGLE , including fina l rehearsals if possible in SNOL or HQ ships . Gener a l Yiil son has aprroved this request. If you concur request joining instructions . They wo11ld of course be avnil,.,bl e for nny duties you nm.y require . 1 I hA.ve ccmcurred Pnd ~ nstruct,~d these represente.tives to report direct to you . 11 Patton t o Clark. RN 822 . trif agreeabh t o you , desire visit your Head quarters Prrivinp; Pt Capodichino airport 1000 SRturday, Jan11c-iry 8 . 11 Per sonal to Patton from Clark. RH 8482 . "Delighted to see you S:1turday. Car will meet you a t time P.nd plac e specified . 11 Gruenther from Hill . RN 2/+899. "After talk with Rooks and Lenis , best estima.te SHP1GLE i s off as additional IBTS are not available . tr * * * CASERTA--JANUARY 7 , 1944--The situation alo_ g the front , particularly in the n area between Highway //6 and I?ilignano continu3d to go well today, with cle ments of the Special Service Force occupying t'tount Majo , one of their principal objectives . Dbvm by Highway //:6 the 135th Infantry Regiment of the 36th Division continued to move forwarc'l t,,.,yond San Vittoro, and the Fifth Army now holds the crest and tbe south and en.stern slopes of Mount PorchiP , one of the principal land blisters l ying in the Liri Velley just south of Cassino . The fighting continu"ld to be extr emely bitter , P.nd the Germ"'m:1 Aro put ting up exceptionP lly stiff resist ance . The Gerrnens countcr-Att Pcked Porchia last night , us i ng artillery and nort2.r fire , but the Attack failed . A drive hris also been started for r~o1-mt Chiaia , north of San Vittore , And it has progressed well despit e heavy machin('J gun and rifle fire from the slopes of this vita.l �hill. In generrl, curing the pst two dry::i, hePvy losses hrive been jnflicted on the enemy, P..nd nPny prisoners hPve boen t.,.,ken. Mount Chiaia shoulrl fall to us tomorrow. GPncrrl Cbrk received ,,err,_ early tr·:is 1orninp; th·· t Lt. Gen. G:-,orge latton, former Cor1mnnn.er of the 3ev"nth Army, would visit him tomorrow. Generals Clark and Patton nill discuss Sev-:inth Army IIeri.dquPrt".'lro ersonriel. G··m~ral FarI'!on, Commander of the 1st Arr,or"d 1Jivision, conferrer during tbe dn.y with Generr>l Clrirk concern::ine po,-;sible enrloyr,..,nt of armored forces in the progress of the Fifth Arny attack up Route '/6. Some arnored elements A.re already fighting in the San Vittore, '.cunt Iorchia, flaunt Ch:i.aia region and as 17e progress farthP.r up tbe Liri Valley, there "Till be r: chance to use some armor, but this j_s cerendent, to some e:rt~nt, upon th1; vreath~r. TJnlcss we h ... ve a long dry p•iriod, and sun a11d wind to dry 0 11t the muddy f'ields, the use of tanks will be restrict ,d since th~ir r,ovemcnt will be con: inecl to roads. General HBrmon told General Cb.rlr th11t he was most eager to commit as much of the 1st Armored as possible into combat. The 6th Armored Inf'antry Regiment is Already fightino-, but the tank groups have not been cbl~, As yet, to go into full STTing. The speciel VI Corps Plannin~ Group, under Gen~r"l Lu,~t>s, is ~oinr, ahead with detrils of Operation '3HITTGLE. The Fifth Army group thrt Generril Clrrk sent back to f, fric1:1 so jt could pnrticipete in discussions with Gener11l Alexander, th"n v1ith rririe Yj_nister Churchill, T•ras due in Marrakech this r:iorning. General Clerk is eagerly avaiting word from this group as to "hether or not the necessary number of lA.nding crR-ft vdl1 be availPblc. Genl"lral Cl11rk reccivl')d todav a rlirective to the Naval CoF1mander of Operation SHIFGLE. It names Admiral F. J. Lowry e.s the 'Tavril Corn1'1ander of t:bc SHINGLE Task Force. As his mHin dinner P,Ul':'!st GenerP.1 Cbrlr had Colonel SullivPn, Army nuarternaster, vrho is celebrating his 50th birthd1:1y. Alto8ethcr the Generr-il had seven guests. General Cl<irk dispatched the follm1ing Cflbl<J to Generr,l Alexander tocl8y. R°t\J 6?67. 11 As part of main land attack by Fifth Army, 10 Corps wi 11 cross Ggrigliano on 17 ,Tenuary, s~cure Uinturno area and attA.ck north toward S Giorgio nith h!O rlivisions. Important T'ert of Uis plan is smrill amrhibious operation to carturc area Ponte Scauri (rnl,.94) with three Corimrndos Pnrl to secure beachhead just north of Garigliano ·7ith infHntry force. Tan}::s And supporting erris will, if practicA.ble, be l,:,nded on this bench same night. me val bonbPrdrncnt will be required. "Frovisional estimate of craft a.fter ex11P1ir>.Ption of operation with FO'HT is tvo LSI (1:1) tvumty LOTS and thr~e LSTS with six dr-ivits. If Oreration SI"DJGLE takes place it ,·rill not be practicrble to P.llot more thnn three or four LOTS to the Scauri operfltion. However, it is desirable that detailed rlnnning be ini tinted so that plan may be executed on short notice in event SHINGLE should be cancelled. "Request you errange v:i. th c:n,JC nl'!ed for allotnent of necessary crPft 11.nd bomb<i.rding force both to be avrile,ble until end of Jrnu;:,ry in case of' bad weather. Full requircnents of croft and bnmbarding force vrill be sent by FO~'iIT �after detailed planning completed. F \iIT concurs in this message. Planning for Operation SHTHGI.E progressinp; well. operation will not interfere with SFPIGLE. 11 11 * * F lPnning for Scauri * CASERTA--JAi:TTJt\.RY 8, 19/+4--0p~ration 3HINGT.E is onl This word wris received this morning from r~arrakech. At least ?.5 LSTS will be avr ilr:lble for the follow-up, thus assuring an opporbmit:,r -"or re-supply and the bringing in of supporting corps troops. The '"10rd fron Parrakech alno in.eluded a declPration that January 20th is the target drtte thrt I rime f,'.inister Churchill desires. General Patton visitAd Gcnernl Cl,,rk this morning and cliscussed with General Clark the division of Fifth Army and Seventh Army staffs. General Patton declAred that his Seventh Army staff vm.s a fine one, and he gave G!'lnerPl Clar1':: a number of documents sho7inr; that h~ had recomnended a lArge number of his off:i.cers for proP1otion to generP 1 o-rficers. General Patton nsked GenerP.1 CJ.Ji.rk ;·1hat ho thour;ht h'"!, Gonernl Fatton, wa.s going to be arsi(?led to do in the future. Genern.l Cl11rk replied thet Genl"1rn.l Fat ton, in General Clark's estimn.tion, 1·ras going to corune.nd a fol] owup Army in OYSRLORD. Gen~ral Fatton said tb..,t thrt was a poor cornm1md for an officer of his experi.ence, but thnt if he did not p;nt sorne Army comrn.rmd he intended to resign. Genoral C:lark loaned Gemerr 1 fat ton his CP.r, and th9 former Seventh \rmy Comr1ander visited II Corps HeadquPrters anrl. the +>ront in the II Corps region durin~ the afternoon. General Cl,,rk also conferren toc1 a;)' uith G'3nerals Gruonther, Brann and Ca+'fey concerning General Caffey 1 s becoming G-3 of the Fifth Army, relieving General Brann so that he could begin work in Al1;iers on Operation ANVIL. Genern.l Caffey has already mov~d to Fifth A.rmy Headqu;-,rters r-md is world11g ...,.i th the G-3 Section. Generrrl House hiter joined thA conference rcgrrrdin~ Caffey 1 s assumption as head of' the G-3 Section. ,Just prior to the arrivr>l of General Fritton, Gen0rPl Clrr1r niscussed wjth General Lucns the new phases concern-ing Orerntion '"'.JIPTGLE. The Specirl flnY1.ning Group at Fifth f rmy near is no~, wor1.ring night ann dn7 to rcrfr"Jct rlans for the amrhibious end run just south of 11.ome. · Anoth1'3r visitor clnring th'9 day ,·as Bri@.d:ier Genernl Theodore Roosevelt who was called in by General Clnrk to r1 iscuss the innbility to obtri.in certain supplies, includinz lumber Pnd overshoes, :"'or French troops. The following T11essa~e WflS received this morning -"ro,IJ Colonel Fill. RN. SCC 602. "Shinr,le is on. At least 25 LSTS will be r:1vr:i~ lf'ble for follow-up. Prime f~jnister desires JRnlli"ry 20 P.s target d2tc.n Late in the evening G~nerrl Clnr1r drove his Buicv, v,ith Lt. Col. Suthr;rl~nd, to Sorrento "rhere he spent the night. �CAS~RTA--JANUARY 9 , 1944--General Cltirk left f.)orr~nto P.nd drovo his Buick himself back to his cor,rrv:anrl rost . He had lu'1ch dth Gen'.'lrRl Grurmthor , nd discussed with him the progress being r,ride in the prepflrfltions for SHINGLE . Immediately after lunch Gonern 1 Lucn.s , 1 d:"!iral Lowry, CArta in Leid s , General Brann and Colonel 1fo•-rard conferred 'rj th the GrcnP,rn.l about the preprrations for SHPrGr.F. . Immediately aftf'1r lunch Generril Lucas , AdmirA.l Lorry, Captr>in Lewis , Genernl Brann and Colonel Howarrl conferred d.th the Gen~rril Fbout the rreparfl tions for SHI rGLE , in order thnt all information night be 2vr->ilrble for a conference with Grmerrl Alexander ..,hose arrivPl was '"hortly expected . 11 At 1500 Genernl /\lexandP , Generrl }:r,rding, GP-nmrr,l Clrir1-c , G ,nerel Gruen✓r ther, Adr1iral Lowry, G"'lnerl'l Robertson , Gennr,"l Brann , BrigPdier Foster , Captain Fower of thl:l Royal Navy acK' a menber of .A dmirPl Cunnlngh mI s staff , and Lt . Col. Suthl"lrlrnd met in the hut +'or 11. conference . Genernl Alexander stated that thf~ meetin~ on the 7th nm~ 8th v ith the Frime fiinister had fiyed all 1uestions of craft r-ind oth"lr details ,71-tich rrd 0een settled to make ':Fr GLE possible . The fi~es ho.d now becone definite , and th~ Fifth ~rmy vms to get more craft thAn it asked for . AUVIL was affect,d by this . Of course , the Fresident of the United States ·rould have to be consulted, for PS a result of this rnP.tter , A11JVIL miisht be much smaller or might be merely a threat . The reason for all of this was that th8 entire Allied position was prejudiced by the succe1s of the GerrnPn defense south of Rone . Turkey "las thinking twice r-ibout her entrance into the war , and SpAin was harc<eninf; . 1' ccorc1jn~lv, it "r,s necessnry to make every effort to capture RoT'le . Craft on their ,,P..v from India for C'Vi~RLORD may hr-ive one av:,j 111.ble trip for us . Fifth Army needs r. follO'IT-up aftnr establishing a brir f;'"lheA.d for exploitation , P.nd the a<lditional craft mPy serve for this purpose . Gen&;ral ClHrk stn.ted tbPt for this f·,nction he hnd already alerted a combat teRM of the 1st Armored Division A,nd Pnoth"r combnt teri.m of the 45th Division. G~ner8l Al ":Xander st, ted that he hrcl. the 11 •-rew ZeAlanders 11 (The 2nd tfow Zealand Division) but thri.t he ,·muld like to keep them in his ovm hand to use if General Cl:1rv could m""kc a break through Pt C2ssino . Generr>l Alexrmder then str-ited that the tPrget date for 3I-TT 11rGIB was to be Ja.nur>ry ?2nd - not Janurry 25th - reg<>rdless of the e+'fect of this upon a rehearsnl. GonerPl Clrrk responded to this th.,t J:,e wn.s strongly orposed to a lnndinv, P~thout a. reher>rsP.l and reconMended against it . He ,-rould rather put trie lrmc.ing off until the 24th , if necessary. The miscella.11.eous craft assembled for tho rmterprise h: d never , orked to1;ether , and a r~heRrsal was necessar to coord.inste their efforts . Colonel '1',e,te sfateil. in this connection thr>t if the target drite 'WS the 22nd , a rehearsal ,1ould be impossibL~ . The lo11ding of the vessels "ould :r,rev•=mt . Gene ral Alexander rejoined thPt if the ,, e11.th"r should defer the trrget dr>.te +'or several driys after t.bA ?5th the oper"tion would ncvAr come o.,,.f ot ell , as it ,vould interfere '.'dth rVJ1.IDRD , and a.greernent hrid been reri ched bet,·rcon th=~ Prime r~inister , the President and '3t:1lin that nothi_ 11.g rit P 11 would ever i nt"lrfere with OVBRLORD . GenP.ral Alexander ,..tPterl. tkt somo other di "ficulties hnd to be faced; thPt fewer n.ir resources vro,lld be PV"iL.,bl":l frori nm' on 11nd the air would concent-rate on breeking up enemy communicf'tions . He v:arnec: against tPking too m1'1ny veriicles , st8ting th11t the L nding in the Azores lwd been planne;d ·1.th nore ve h~ cles thPn could actufllly be hPndled on the roRds . If any r1ore '!1ere needed he would see thdt they "mre made Pvailr>bll"l . He "urther said thPt up to four Liberty sl"'ips could be ben.ched for brePking "ratars "nd trePted '"'S exp ndPble . Arlrniral Lo TI';T coMment9d thrt the shallor; · ,at~r made this dj ffj cult, • s the Liberty ships would beach too far out . 0 0 General Alexander st"ted thnt rs r 0 uch e:ir supply PS pos'"'ible wo 1Jld b8 �utilized . Colonel Tate stati;d thf't it oidn 1 t Pdd up tc a grerit deri l. Gener;-,1 Cl8rk a.id thPt thorough o:z:pi=Jrinents hnd bPen crrri9d out -<>or 1:1 long tiJ:1e to exploit air suppl y to t~e grentest possible extent . GenerPl Alexander then rsked .,..rrien the frontal nttrck Pris going to be de liver c<l . Gcmerrl Clark answer ef1 that it ':7~S to occur on a. series of days . On the 12t h the r>rench would attrck in tlie vicinit•r of S . •Jlia . On the 15th the 34th Division , r>nrl on-9 RCT of the 36t Division (no"" -rut in to reliev0 the 6th Ar""'ored) "ould attn.ck to tali::0 'I'rocchiP . On the 16th 10 Corrs '"'ould at 1 tack across tl1e Gari.[C;Urmo Riv0r with the L6th , 5th end 5Sth Divisions . Cn the 20th it vm s plF111.ned to lnmch an Pttr ck hy tho II Corrs ,,or a bridg0head across the '9.apido . General Clark esthr.tccl thrt it v,ould re 7 uire four dP.ys of attack up Route 16 to clra•·r tb0 GF>rnsn force off tl 0 b<Jrichhead , pnrticulnrly the 29th PPnzer Grenadier Djvisio 11. , rn.-1 hence ho vrould su.rmcst th.-. 24th , r ather thrin the ?;Jnd , 'lhic}l is tr'3 rror:osed rnte of PttPck. Grmorrl J\.lexPnder them stated thn.t the ?6th ,w.s the e2rliest cP.te t11,.,,t trie i:'.e" zer,lan 1:lors could arrive , and Generril Clrrk corw1entn.d thrt he br->clly 11oedec'l Pnotl-'or rljvi"lion to pass throw,;h the 36th ; that +,hoy ··nuld ½e b:o.dl,r wo:r11. r'loi:m by thci" c:r·r,,,~'7 "' nf' the Rripido . 1 Gener11 l J'lexRrn~er theY\ r.aid , "I t1r1 fri~htfully k-con for a diversion rnd for a Conmr-inr:"o to crac1r into t 11~ outskirts jnto Rorie . " Generr,l Cbr]r sdd trr t 1 P.. c iversio'1. by n.,,v, 1 f;unfir e hPd ')eon rlmmed but thPt J.11ndinrr of nny T'lore t roo:rs os suggest ')c , ' "0 1 Jld <c i T'lpl y d~ ssiprte tr,e err ft ..,vr ilPble for t r- main push . l}encr111 Alex, nder P sked whether j t could be done the next nigrt , "'s he felt thr-i t it \-muld frighten Kesselring anr'l keop Rori,,., g::irrimned by trie G':':rnl"nS . G~nerrl Cl..,r1c said thn.t he vronld exnmin~ this question -very c<>refully. All tre o.,,.ficers t17 .,n left excert G"'nerr,l Clr-rk , Ge'1er.., 1 Alexanc1er '"'nd two or three senior Generr>ls . Grm~r"l Clrrk Psked GenerAl Alexnndr,r '-rhrt Gene rr>l Al ex:mner nctu::i lly tl:ou<;ht <'bout ~ 'TVIL , rinc1 Gen8rl Alexnnrler srio he triouo:ht it rnic;ht never occur . He •~r>jcl tr:rt in his estiT'1rtion it was n great nistn 1re not t o exploit the Tt'llinn success . Genern 1 Alenmder brought to Gene ral Clnr k a porsono 1 letter froPJ the Frir,e r'inist"lr . tr . Churchill congrPtulrited Goner'l l Clnr'\.c on his c~ corntion from t},e Fresident 0 '1.d on Ms "'Chi1;Vr::>l'1"Jnts in Ital y . Tl--te Prime E': nister , 'ent on to sr-y he sinc':lrel v hared th0 SHIPGLE rmeration could be riounted by ?2 ,fanu"ry, ewen if some of tho forces hrd t o be dir1inishod , ris jt wonld be disnstrous to J-,r, ve c. c"elr,y rec::ult in t:re crncellation of the operPtion. General Chrk thon,r;ht to h::ms!")lf th"t po"sibly G~nerrl "Sisenhower 1 s move to '"':uro:re nnd the re-exaMin.,tfon of the '"hole P~ 7IL proje ct might result in a rer,lizi,=ttion of t}1e •·rea1m~~s of the forces involved rnd <' reconsiderP.tion of the whole r:'fair . T-J:A did not wish to be withdrann fror, his Fifth .'\.rrny comnrnd Pnd be Ieft in s0T11e rlanning cornJ:1Anrl "bm th<:! •rnr rmded ~r:r tli~reby niss e c}lr>nce to mare}-, into GerT'lan;v at trie h~ad of his Arr11y. Gen~ral .Alex::md r 1'111d G~nerr-1 R"rc'1inr; le-ft a,"ter the conf'0rnnc~ n.nr re turnPCl at 1845 for n drinl.: with Gen~rol Clrr1< anc1 GAnerrl Gruenth"lr . Gen0ral Al exander os 1 red Gm1er..,l Cl.nd: •;hetri'3r t11e Ge::nerPl ··,ould consider tf'l-cino; him a l ong in his JT boflt in Crerrition ·1rrJHGIE , nlthouf;h Qr::merEl Alex?nder did not · ish to ~ ntrude . Gnr er'll Clrrl· said t:ba t , on the contrary, ric "ro,, ld be de lighted . 0 ~ �Aft13r,1ar0s, repec tedly had ther fluster. j •hen Generr,l l\..lcxr1nclcr h"r1 ~nne, Gencr··l Cl..,r1-:: S""id, RS he n the J'P st, tbrt Gon'"rr 1 Alexand0.r ~19 s a pc11nut and a +-ea1 Tho fo11o,:li-rirr cable, 'R.N 25773, ,vas receivAd +'rom the CPTC today: ,r'ncob L. Devers, Lieutenant G0n9r,.,l, o.r the Unit8d StPtes /\.rny, assumed corimand t orth ffrican Theater of Or<orrtions, United 5trit,3s }rmy, 1?00 hours 8 Janur>ry :r0r.r present. 11 11 "- Crble RJ'J 0 .1878 also was receivC'd f'rom 15th Army Grour ann is quoted below: "Target date for opening HQ now adwmced 48 hours to 1~ Janwry." The follovdng message , RH 6381, was dispatched tod, y to 15th Arrn.y Group, pass to AFFQ for Gir::md: 11 2 DHt sector quiet, normal e:<rchenf;e ~.nfordictor;r 11nc: hnrressing fire, one of our 1:,r,trols found enemy rt LA fl\.I'Ji•'P..f''S 992347, 3 DIA took command e,t 090900 of 45 Div sector. 3 RTA relieved troors of' II Corps on nr '•lc'\.,JO night e/9. nne Bn L, RTT ri.rrivryd staging r>reD lPst n:lp-rt ,·;ill reinforce 3 RSA toni~ht on TT/I.JO . Frc11ch losses for S JRnw,r;v, lzilled 1-S , 7ounded 73, missing 3 . TANK STAT,; - No changA . 11 The :lnrlicetion by,Gcn"c'rPl .Alc:xand~r thrit A' 1'VIL YToulrJ proh..,bly never ·trike place caused Gc:merPl Clrir to r~flect tririt h..,d it not been for the AUVIL plrn, he vro11lr1 unrlo11bt~dly norr hPvc hrd the !T~iTrTTSA commarn' which ,Gencr~l Devers hPs in his pln.ce. Fo~vever, offered the choice, Genernl Cl.nr 1,;: would certAinly h1cnre chosen his Army cor:inand r11th0r thnn go to rm ;,dninistrritivc rost . Furthcrmorc, he rronld '"'Ot ·ish to rclinqu,sh co,.,mnnd of Fifth Army Bnrt tal<A up h t , rluties "ritr a small pLrinning str+"f rnr pr.rh, ps hPve the ,-mr CC'IT'.C to ::sn end wh:i le he 1·r11s so "}nG" ~er!, lePvinC'l' so11.,,bocly "1se to lead tlie Fifth Arny north into G"!rri;, ny. r * * * Ct\SF.RTA--JA..lITJA'9.Y 10, 191+4--GAnerPls Alex.?nder and ratton both r'ernrted from the Fifth 4.rny CO'"lmr>nd post errly this riorning. At 0900 G~ner;::,l Cl,:,r met ·dth G""ncrl ror:=m to dj scu,s the sigffl features of SHITTGLE . ThcrcPftcr he hrd.., short conference v:jth Colonel Ryrn, Fifth Army Chaplr>:.n, anc r1onsignor Carroll v.rho h11.d recently co!'1e from Rorie and who tolrl the Ar'fl1.y Comrnanrler of conditions thf"re. Follo1crj ng tri is conference, Gener-=il Clark h2d a cell f'rom M"l.,jor Gnnert"l Corell, ~PH1 Surgeon, -;ho cane 'vith Colonel ·"artin, Pnd hriefly cliscussed thJ Fi:'th i'lrmy r,edicel problems. At 1000 Generpls T,~ogles and m,rmon c2me :in e.nd 0iscussed tb!') employri~nt of' the 45th fl.nd 1st J'rnored Divisions in the com~nr, op"lrn.tions of the Fifth Army on the present ":'ro-rit flnd in 3HJ'TGL'8 . Follo"jnrr this, BrigrHU'"r G,~nerPl Donovrin cnllcd 2nd cliscussed prosrcct5.ve oper- tions from the OSS anelc . At 1130 Lieutcncnt GenE'lrtd I'cCreery arriwid rmc'l discussecl '.1ith Generol Clr"rk the nmrloyricnt of 10 Corps in the comi"'lg , ttPck . �At 1200 the Gen~r"'l held 11 conference in his hut mith GFmer,,ls rcCreery, Juin, Y ,yes, Lucas, l}ru~nth~r ri;'ld Fouse, AdmirPl Lo,,TY, G~nerrls Roosevelt, Carpentier, Cri ~..,f~y, Bronn, Bri <;ndi. rs Cool·'.)~ e nrl "..iChP rr1 so>1, Colonel Keiser ancl L:i9utem.nt Colonel P.obnrt Forter, Derutv Chief of Stnff ('ractic- 1) of II ~or:rs, And Lieuten.-·mt Colonel Suth0rlnnd. The Gtm,ral outlined Oper."tion qprrr;.r.,E for the assenblecl offic')r~, roinV_ng out th"t the Rssnult '78S to be rnRde bv the British 1st Division, t'l7o bRtt?lions abreast, Pnd the American 3rd Divir:ion, thr-;e battelions "'hrer>st, ,·rHh three bettr>lions of Rr-ngers "nd one battalion of the 509th going in Pt ~nzio, and th1~ 50L~th Inr~ chute Regiment r12kinfs a drop inland to th<1 north of Anzio to :rr;"lvent GArrrn forces coming do•m on the beR cJ:-, bef'ore ri ".leachheed w1s established. Alterru tc reinforcer1ents by the 45th Div:i.sion or b;r a cnmb~t team of the 1st t\rmored Division "rnre r>rranged, cencnd:ing ur,on t:r,, situ..,tion. Admiral Lowry wr>s to be the over-1-111 n!"VDl conrrian<"er a11c'1 under him fldrnirnl Troubridge of the British ~b,,y is to cor~me.nc'l the n;:,w,1 force effect: nrr tre British landing. Due to the I rime fl} nister I s i-ritcrvention, ')P, LSTS were to be ma' e aw i L0 ble. A feint vas ci.rranged by n;:,w,1 gunf'ire <>t Cjvitr>vecchio. Cme Cor1rrndo WPS to land on tre night of D day just soutli of the Tiber 1'1.nd strike north to•7ard Rone. In the nrea of' the landing of the 21th J l'.'nzer GrenRdier R!'.lgim~"lt is no'.'' asser bled. lart o+' the Gerr19n 3rd Division vrill be there and t,~o brttnlion- of a Fleger Corps. It is est·mPt0c'1 thPt ~t the tjr1e of our l~noing Germr>n forces numbering 17,000 1"ill be in the are.,., , and at the e11d of 7? hours, 34,000. 0 1 0 In the meantime, a direct attack on the present f'ront is to be mBde in order to contain Els large a G9rnPn force as possible. On the 12th the French Corfs is to A..ttr>c 1, a.11 out towe.rd S. 'SliEl. Three dc-vs l::iter II Corps goes on to attacl: Trocehin, using the 34th Division, an J.CT of the 16th Division and P lso s 0"1P- P rnor. 10 Corps on the 17th or 16th will l'1 t tn ck Rcro s s the Gr, rigliP no wHh the 4{,th, 56th and 5th Divisions. Generql Fnrmon and the ArnorArl Di vi ~io"' Penoqu.,'<rt~rs, with one Co!'lbPt Corimanrl, pL1s the Qlst Reconnaissance ,qu"'dron Rrc to be rer>d;v to be used on SFrrGLE. Gen<1ral Alexander st.-.ted 111st night thrit t'berc might be still more troops Pvailr>ble. There nust be ~ood werther for SFIITGIE. If it is b.-:id, the Fifth Army vdll hPve to sit it out, but tht'l targ0t datl"! T'lust be the ?2nd, so th"'t a wait for good re2.ther nill 1"lot no.ke the attack too ll'lto. r~ jor G0nernl Crf1ne hns been set up to plan for the occupation of Rone. Fellington bombers ·'i 11 be set up for h38V'J n:l ~ht ?tto.cks in support of the ln.nding rnd also of the direct -cttAck. The G9ri.errl :!')Ointed out thnt he hr-id been requested by cable to sr-'re . 11 apr.l propnrtirrn, 1,nt, +,}'pt, there vrere n. o-re.nt n, ny brfr'p;es "cross tJ-19 Tib8r .; n the j_-•1.ediPte vi cin.;t;r of' r1r,ny :rripf1l rror,ertiRS ·7hi_~h would hA the onl:v c:br-nnAlc: h;T 11 r1.cl' Gernnn r9;n~... orceny-i:ritc; could c0rx~ rip;r:i!1St Y'j_"') on YrT"GLE:. The Generrl, nccord.;nr.;lv, sent a cnble ns 1dnr; pArn; ssion j f' necessi::iry to r-ittnc 1- thn Germnns "ll'Arewff +,re,r ·,ere, r9~"rc'lless of c0nse1uenc9s to fl"pnl rronBrties. Follo"'i"1/'.; tliis conf'9renc0, tlie G9>1er::i.l (mtertnined GP,n0r"ls f,icCr9er;,r, Juin, Keyes, JT01lse nnr Lucas, witr t-. a,1iral Lo"TY, f'or 1uncl'. f. t lnnch t r, Genern 1 sro l(e of the Oj f+'·· culty o: corrs -"'l::i,., 1r O'U" rd s' n.s efl ell CO'Y'nS 1--ir>.d di f'f 9rPnt nnt:i onri 1 i -':.ies on its f'lpn1i.:s. In fr>.ct, +,he G n9r0 l Sllf{fY,8Sted inster>d of hr,v; ni:s liPison ,.,,... ,"'icers +'rn'rfJ corrs to corrs, it ''loulri b8 "'referable t0 hr>ve nmb::>ssf'c1 ors. 0 �Gener11 l Prl:'mn 9ntP.rtrd:n.0 J..,l,0 re3+, r"" t1'8 o·'"'ficrrs · rho rrn attroYld9' the c0nferr:mce n:t th9 GeYl"3rrl Of'ficers ' Pe, . In -':..9 1<<'t8rnooY1 Ge"lerPl Cl:lr:V re ceivecl c,cills fron tno 'r)riti:"'}1 .l11r Gorr9"'rondents '"r . F'l.lls , o"' the Ti7r::s, r,nd •·r . Gordon of the C'unda;v Sxpress . In tbe lPte af'ternoon Gen'°'rrl Clrrk received n er 11 +>ron Colonels J".-,rl,oe , Tully and Hyr::-ard, clnssnr.t':3s of }'is at ·rest Fo-Tnt, and t),ese o:f'ficers stn.7ed :.:or dinner . As soon ns thr8e d;visioYJ.s shil] hrvA been lPndec' , Gener"l Clnr1r rroroses to now~ 11 S"'11'111 [ldv:,nce headqunrters to the be::ichhead, ~"lcludin~ hi:riself , his G- 2 , his G- '3 , an aide :~nrl rossjbly one or two others . GenerP 1 Cl::ir}r dispBtcr9d th':3 follovri ng er bl9 to Gen9rRl j lson , CTNC , tod::iy : R'·T gg5g _ nFor Orerntion sr:-w}L"; urgently r,questnd th~t vr•ter trr,ns fortc1tion be r:iri.de r-i.milribl0 for sreci· 1 orer['tio'1 .; 11v0lving -i"l.fj ltration of egents vicinity Rf'l'19 . :1oon rhrse requires use of' suhnnrine "·Mel· should be at B1rnti11 Corsicri b:r noon of Janu::--ry Vi.th for in:it:i.Pl operrtio11s nnd sho 1ld continue R.vailri'1le dnr-inr; cnntjnu::::.nce of ::lHUJC',L~ O:;errtio11s . If no suhr1"rine crn be rrJPre ~rilrible ther t,,·ro }T borits s'hould he subdituted but they ~7ill not be r0cpJJ.r9d until ,fonu..,ry l t,th since moon rhas9 'ill not -rermit use of.' f'i' bo:-it rr-ior to thPt drte . I+' rrr borts !']re srmt they should be continu'"d r>vriilnble until orr>r:otio11s corrirleted . 1~rinhPsize agr,in hr1rortance o:f' subnrrine f'or this operntion and ur~e you do utmost to fr1rl3ment my rAquest . 1 11 Cartrin FrcRtte , this F.er>f'l_u::irter" , now in Bc1stia to mPhi detriled rr rn.np;ements and ··ill be '•rrdti n~ :,t 'rival J-l'eBr1qurrters there for ::iuthorization. " Gener~l Clnrk today -issued ('rerntions Im+.ruction /JlJ +'or tre continwi.nce of' the n.ttRc 1r 1mr'ler th"l gener.,l ril"'n for OrerPtions Tnstruct ·i.on tll. This Oper.?tjons Jnstruction CC'Wlrs Vie nttacJ,. );r the '?rencb EYfc,djtiom1ry Corps , II Corrs n.ncl 10 CorT's, /'J.S 8A.'1'.'lni11ed by Grmerrl Cl.,rk nt the conf'Arence tor1Py. * * CAT~RTA --.JAr'TJAP.Y 11, 1 <)/;,4-- G0ner, 1 Cl qr Jr. tor:py irect<Jd Gener81 'lrr'nn to nA.ke prerPr::i.tions f'or tre l:mding of An Prld:itional cor,brit tePr1 nortr. of the Tib8r to strjke tm·•8rd Rora9 f'ron tre sr>me position v·her9 th0 Comr1nnc1os "re to lrnrl r,s pPrt of tbe rP.i"1 rl1rn of wrrGIJ~ . I nrt o<' tre rePson fer lnndinr: this c0,,.,b~t teAn at the ros.i tioYJ. :1 n ,1unstion. i o thP. rossibilHy tl ,..t tl•e G"'rrirms riry 0efend aloni:; the lj nP of' the ':'j '10r, ; ncJ.i.1dJ'"lg P nefense of tre city of Row=? its elf . Thi:1 ',vnu1.d ma're necessary eitlnr fl nire~t rittac'r 0'1 th~ cit;v , "itr c0nsequent outcrsr on all sides thnt srcren srrinris ",er9 being violr>te,1 , or else GOP19 sort o:f' rrneuver to force the GerTT>-"'11S to eV['CUPte . J\ccorclin1;l:,, the lnnf'ng o+' a coribn.t team 17ell north of thr~ Tiber is to be :rrer:.rect rs A ossibility. The Co:rrr-1rndos, "rho 1-,re to coJ'1e ~.n nre to hr've e goon '3Ufply of jeers ::i.s vell rs arr1ored ieeps . Genernl C11'1rk toilP:r co·,yf'erred vri-':,h 'Rr:1gRrlier C11urchill '''ro commrinr'l.s the t""ro Co"'!mannos in riui")stion P!lrl unr1ertoo'k to rr-; ve },j ;n a lr>rge nuT"her of jeeps, i '1c1u,1i. nr "'rrior~d j "GPf' tr>1rnn f'rom another lmi t . Witr tr esA Vie Cor1rrir,nc1os , nnrnberin.o; about .~oo, '"lll n['}rG P nu-=:h tO'"ard Rom9 on tP9 ":Venin.c:; of D dP.y , creatinP," as much ntir pnrl disturb,,nc~ as r.ossibl e . ·n,P.n thr>Y crin /?'et no furtJ--- r,r, th 0 ~r nrorosA to tr- 'P, tC' tJ--,9 )7j lls no:rth·7est of Ro"'le "Yl(1 rrerrire to defend trenselves until r0liP-V9~ . GenerPl Cl~rk hns Pl~o rlirected rrepGrrt;ons to be mride -:'or nr1 w"1.ces to th8 hiP'h PT01i:nd to t}~9 e"st a11d southerst of Ro"le with 0 �the irlea o~ se1z1ng the pro~inent terrAin ~eritures jn th~ re?.r of trose forces v1hich will be onr,os:i n1; the CEF, the II A"lericrin Corps rnrl the 10 British Corps i:i s they rusl~ forwqrr1 to·7arcl Ron0 fro,.,, th" ir prese>1t nosi tions . Gf:meral Clrri• spent thP da7 T"or1 dn~ on rlans for C,TTPJGLB . ThR Genercl has rlet8rrd ned tr visit tte 'WI',Tl}L'~ fron.t 0'1 1) da;r, c-oin1; up 1-:Jy TT borit . He has also directPd Grmerril Br.<1nn to rrepArG -for rn errlv nove of' r c:1releton heRdau,_9rters to the c;r J'TGLC front . In the <-fternoo"l r~ajor CrenerPl. Kenyon A Joyce , HSI\, ,...,ho is hein~ replrced as hei:id of' the {l.llied MjJ_itrrY Control. Conri"sion by G0n~ral Pr,son I1<ic"rrlf'ne of tre 'Ariti~h Army, caJ"'le in to have r tr, ll:. In th,.., evenj_n?, G"lnernl c1~r1,. enterta4 n-~d rt rlinner 'r . :::'nlls of the LovtrJon "'~Mes , ··r . Gorrso 11 of' the Lon.don Sundriy F>::nress , l'Rjor n;p;el Do11gc\9le , J~ of 10 Corrs and Lt . Col. CJ..--rk , Fi f'tb ArMy PRn. GenerRl Cl2rk rlisp."tcl rid the fo:. lo'v1.nc- cr>1-ile to G~nerri 1 Ke;res +,o<fay: 11 Congrotn1Ation-, on t,},9 successes you haYe Dtt~d.nec. in ~rou.r recent offensive . T nT'l esrn:icir'lly rleRsec ·Ti.th t 9 rron:re"'s :mR(e by t:re 14th Db.rision ~en s11ch rl i ffj e11 l t tt:irrn.in R.nd r "'.:t1.i.nst -SU';r' deterrni ned res ~stn.nce , rrrticulrrly in view o+> th9 short t·ime tr0 Divi."ion ·· rs ::1.:-ile to bo, 011t of the 1 :ine to recnrerPte Pnd re-fit . IJea"e esrtend ry co"1P'r..-,tulf'+ions to Generril Ryder . J rar1 1i.1cewis8 f;J'f'ti,,.i"ld " ith tre cont-inw=id ::-ucce">s o+> the SpeciAl S8rvice Force 1mrer Colonel Frederick. Plen.se tell h;m conf'~ dentiA lly t:brt I have recor "1e.1rled hin f'or r,ro,.,,otion to tr,e arr,cle of' Bri';nrl~ er GP-v,r£> 1. Also extend to Gern=,ral l'i.1len my conisratubtions on the ucce"''3 l1is f'orce has ntt;:iined jn its ;_nitiA1 rJebnt in the Ttfllirn c'l.rnrrii~n . Unner vou.r s:rfondid J.ePdership ::i.nd c'ir8ct io1-1 Yo11 hn.110 mo11ln.ed these thro.e orf'.;f'.ni7,ntions into "'n o~fensive +'orce ;r}lj ell the enern7 "'ill haw, r;rer>t cH f'f:l cult:r in '-"toprinr:r. Good luck for your future oper11. tio11 s . 11 R1T 64?1. 1 1 0 0 The i'rny CoT"\mPncler crbled CG , ',t>'f'nUSA ns follorrs: RF 64?5 . "In view of impendinr; orernV011.s, T cnnsi.r'er trnt 01:ir infrn~r;r rerlacement s}1ortar;e i"' cri tically serj ons . I-s is not rocssih1 e to rrov:tr.le nece"-'sary numher of -i_n:.-.rntry rerlacenients by cnnversion ".S ,.,,1thoriz9d jn ,ro 1 1r 0 ~1StSl , drited Jr,nuriry 10 . 1 e estirnrte th.-.t 9n r-i.dd:itional !, , C'OO 1 nr,mtr:r rer111cen,mts "rill be r9111.irei!., rrtbar thr>n '3 , 000 e:1tiP1rited hv ;vou in last PDTPf;rPph vour messPg9 . I 1rr_r:;8ntly recomrnend -1-hPt ?500 1n+>Pntr;r renlricerrienta be obtP:ined from ~5th Pnd 89itr Divisions anr1 shipped to Fifth Arn-r:r 11.t FlnrUest ross:i..hl d11te . They will not be used to fil1 re,p1isi tio>1s unl11ss Pbs,-,lutel1r 11ecessriry. rur orer.--ti on.s to dr>te have fr8'l'1.entlv bee'1. J~qn_rlicripred bv inFC'e1u11te c•urrlv of inf'nntry rerl?ce1cents ' ;,ind I +'13el thRt :tt ..muld be [l fQ.'"lVG 8rror j f ,e +'nj_lrd to reve on f1P>1d tre 0 500 re1uested . !\nrroxinPte rercentri r,-es of' spec:i fi_c,,t:i.on nur'11 "lers requirecl a-re "'s follows: 721, Sp,c JBR 7!~5 , 71, CnP,C 'JFR 746 , 5 1 Srec ·rnn 60'3, 5~ ST'eC ";JR ,S05 , 1 ~ Srec 'JBR 60!,.,, 6"~ 3pec 60'7 , 4; Sp9C ifBP. S04 . 0 Gener::il tad.Py wrote " lett9r to 1 ~<ij. Gen . L . 'I . P.ooks, G- 3 , A,.,IY2, in nhich 1,e rnade three in1portrint no~ nts: !1 • He ,-·;,, s 1mr ')19 to s<>"1.rl SPner::> 1 BrP nn to A"'PJ to coorl~ n2te Al"l.,.L r-ltmn4 nr; r>t t)-ijc tirie, bu.J. hrd sent Pirj r:;..-:idier Gener"'l Ca+>fey 5nste:ad . !?• Fe rw1uw,ted thnt tl'9 l;,,test ~n"o:rm~tion on ~FVIL be T}lP �forwarded him, as he hi=1-d received the impression from Genr':lr"'l 1\lexander th2t t},is operation was son01r~hr-1t of P "dying dog" and "'ir;r,t be relegPted into the re.<1.lm o:P a feint in that areP, rmd cert;:dnly not r,ore than e very smPll lPndinp; . c . He re7uested that Genern.l Rooks fpc:ilitr:d:,e :bis tP 1-iinr; severPl of bis 'ke~r st~ff officers 11ith him to the 3eventh l\rrriy; nPmely, Gener."ls Gruenther , Brann , Vornn , Lewis and Colorn~ls Tate Pnd Fowarfl , along with a fe,c; other junior officers . Genern.l Clark today receivAd the. following letter fror1 frime Pinister nhurchill: 11 I was very ;:;orr;:r not to see ;rou at the conf0,rence yesterday , but I feel vou ,,,r3re so closel7 e11g2p;ed vrith the eneny thet jt "'2'3 irnpossible for both .Alexander ,ci"l.rl you to be away- Pt the '3/'J'Tl"J t:ir1e . Your of'ficers idll tell JOU about the bro ""earci,.,in'{ discussions we hAve h,..,d , nnd I 1--torie "'ill reassure you cor1pletel:v about the aauatic suprort our gre.?t oner,.-,tion 1rrill receive . It may even ")e roc::sible to throv in ths eci.nivr'leYJt o+' Ft third div:1sion, "lhich ought to clinch nntteri:, . I Am deeply con:ocious of the : mrortr-nce of this brittle , withont "Jl'ich the cPrnp;:dgn in Ital::r ·viU be regnrrled PS h1wing petered out inglorjously. "nne thing I ½eg yon , n,..,mel;;r , to do evei~~rthing in -ronr pov,er to stnrt off on the ??nd if the 11eather is good . ~ver;r day ge :tned incre 0 .sed the use you will have o+' these invPlueble lrinc'li·'1o;-craft . If you R.re eble to begin AS ePrl:r as thPt, not 011ly r"laintenance but P lsrp;e build - up would be in sii-;ht . It 1 -,,-,uJ_fl even be hettsr to start vith three- 1uPrters on the 2?nd than ·ith full nur1bers on the 'Jfsth or later . Tt is inti-mden thPt ci 11 the lronding craft shall noJ.nq severn 1 vo:rages be+'ore they rlepart . The eorlier the7 strrt, the more they c:1.11 nt?Jce . Yo11r rerresen.tative , Colonel Hill , Viill tell ~rou the grea.t 5nportn.nr,e ,·re attnch t,,-, t'ris . I 1rnow you ''Jill 00 everythb.g h1 hur:1an power . 1 11 ! hnve been merming to write to offer you my sincere cr:mgrf\t,·lrotions on t11e signal hononr raid ;rou by the Fres-i.c1 ent jn c'lecorP+,jng you for vour :rerso11Pl bravery in the p-re t battle of Salerno . I have heard f'rom British c'-01..1.rces of the wpy in nhich you e~,,..,,.,osed :1rourself jn the "orw,.,rrl rositions to sustain Dnd P ninPte ;rour troops, And it is vnry l:i.l.r:ely th0t vour v:ir-;onF l intervention 1'"as decisive in ,.., bl=ittle of' which jt night rrell ½e snic'', as the Dulce of ''ellin,c;ton i.n efter J.ife S8id of the Bettle of '"Dterloo, tt:rt y,r,:,s .~ O-''Yined c l ose-run trdng 1 J 0 ThG Army CoT"!m2:nder r8plied to }rir:1e r"in~ st2r Criurchill as follous: rryour letter of ,January 8th was (1 elivered to me by Generrl Alexander . He and my represe:1.tr-itives wl-}o ottendec 701Jr conference P-;PVe r4e full deteils es to the decisions wf'ich vou arrived nt . U::r: PY~ deligr>ted vrith tre orrortnn~t;rr of 12.unching '3HPTGLE OrerBtion. I hPve f'elt .,.,or P long ti"le thr.t j_t WPS the decjsive ,m7 to Pprrorch Ror1e . This is the f'irst tir e the reans , incJ.udinr.; extra clivisions "nd cr9ft, hnve bee11 assenhled Jn sufficient qmmtitfos to do the job . I 2r, fully conscious of t're necessity for lPunchi· 0; the Pttf"cl: rt the e;,irUest ro'rnible drte rnc1 ½ave set J muc1ry ??nd PS the target dete . ''TeA.th'er permjtting, ~·e sl·01·lcl mnke ~t et thPt tir:e . There "'re many dif'fic,:lties coY1frontinr; us, but ,·e "re tirAl•e3sly 'm0 1 0 �deavorinr; to overccr .e tbem . 0 nr,ry rlans jnclu.de a third division rs <'.'1'1 j7nedirte folJm1-up . It r1ry be L'll-i11f'nntr7 div5sion, c)r ;:- c01 11)ir:ied ..,rnor-i·flP"'ntr · ta.s 1: fr:irce . Bot}, COJ;lb:l .,,-tioYJ.s vill be reoc':· to sciil, Pnd I ,'Til l make the decision as a result of my observation of the lnnc1:inr; , +>or I :i nt9'nr; to 1 r,r 1 )e ::n<;n.t At t'v, 7..r·nrl_ino; o-r the '.l'.)nd, nrtc1_ "rt0.r vis:.ti,,o; t'."0 ,_""_" co,,,r rio.0r':l rsl orA, ..d_ll trr,nsrdt the orrl.0rs ·"or the P 1Tror,:ri:---te ·"·orcc; to +'ollo·, ur . en 1 0 0 I wns d:1 stressec1 to h92'r cf srmn' illness 15 r;hted 2.t tho fi YJ.C, rrogress· ;rou P::c·e r"'k~_ng . 11 "ThPnl· y01..1 ·"'or vour cr'1rz.rr·ti1l..,tio 11s on the :Jictin.'7,11:i sred Service Cross presr-mted r,8 b:r tr,e } resident . "I C:'1,n n0ver e:,.::pTes:=; ~n Yrorcs my rleer 1=;rrtrtude nt the orport11,,j_t;,r 1,1}-ich I hriv0 h'7d to crnrrm=rnd Br·itish trcops. I 11i:,ve ,-1.evc;:i.:- sr;en f:i.ner "'en of f'll rnnks . The:-r f'r9 0 1 1tstr,.ndinp-ly c01ITPf'Gous , 2'.nd their "'lorrfo js high . The orTcrtunity for _An,3ric2.n D"1d Britisr_ scldiers +o S9rV8 iYJ. cnr1b"t nloy,~side of e0_ch other hris dev"'loped betvreen thr;m an 1mderst2nding of ea~h othPr "hich h'".S engendered notl--i~ng but T'iutual adniration . 1 t1 I hnve ev,er7 cm·S-i rl.ence U1r1t ve vri.11 procuce the rr~s11lts in this ne:zt o:rernt::1-on rhich ~rou so r:mch desire . Thr.nk you for "",P Jdni:; the ne2n s ri vailable to l"!e . I hope ~rou ' 1Till visit tre Fifth Army in Ro,.,,e bc:ifore returninR; to the 1 TT• 'fC • !t CA3~RTA --.T!~'T1F.RY J.? , 191/~--General Cbrk spent todP,y rt the co11mPnd rost and �1:1.t the office of' th0 nlanninp; ~our j_n tro rr-irir echelon ,orking on ~:rnnmu; . In the afternoon ro receivea :-i csll -('rom Lt . Col. 1,Jyr;nard 11ho hrs just been rlrced j_,1 clr1ri:re o{' Fift}, ~rTTJ.y v,rir )on.d s.:iles, n.ry1 0iscussed this s 1J.bject ,-,jth the Colonel. Gi:mernl Clnrk .£'>eels thr1t sPti 1fP ctory rroeress is bA-trr: Ic['de in the plenninr; for GFJ"TGLB ~nd th,.,t one by ono the necessr-ry rletPj lP rire bej n~ huttoned up . Tn the evening ('.:mer"'l ClRrk Pttended n cinner gj_ven by the Fifth Army chaplein for B out 20 ~rmy chaphi.ns . Todn.y the Army Cot'1"1Pnder r1isprtched n cnble to the crrc, AFH1, RI 8676, reouestinrr th,,t Brig . Gen . Holmes he assigned ns Chief Civil Ar-fPirs Cf'fi cer for Operntion A~TTTIL ancl th.t jf he mre not r>VP.' lable th11.t Lt . Col. Gerry h=i mac1 e Actjng Cl ief ..,ith tr,e 09finite unr1 erstn.nding thr,t an officer in chrrge , preferably Colonel T-fuT'le , be r'nsir;nn.ted e.t a l"ter dPte . 0 Genernl CL r 1< yesterdry received "ror<'l , PN '3125 , th 0 t Grm.er"l ·F'reyburg of the ')nrl 'T9yr Zealand Di.vision woulrl lil-:e to vi:3lt li'ifth Arrriy Pe--:d1uPrters 0·1 t're ll+th 1mr'i to<lP.;T cPblPd A re ,ly, PlJ 86B'3, ridvisi::-i~ h~.T'l. to ln.rid Pt Capodi.chino and to ::,c'lvis':1 ETA . 'J'he folJ.0·1-'"'lfl' c?b1e w11s receivoo from 15th Arriy Group tocJav, :N CGS 11 Gen':lral Frc:vbur.:; will probnbly ask for (1) ::i.n rirmorr;c1 cr,r unit and (2) a mP-dium arty regt to be rln.cerl unrler his cnmr1r1 nrl j f' rind :hen he is loosed on Pn exploitPtion tDsl'.: in frvmi.rRble cfrc'J_nstnnces I think (1) woulrl fP'T a rlividi::mt Pnr· (?) \·rould be necess11.rv for al"'lost 'lny tasks he might he piv<m hut these two 1mits could only be found hy drP\7inr; on 10 Corns . Hill cl-' scuss this -Purther with you •vhen next we rieet . 11 192 . * * * CASE'1TJ\- -JA'.TTJA.RY 13 , 1941.--Genernl Clnrk tbls morn-'n-s left his c0P1rn.Pnd rost hy cub plane :md fle 1 ·1 to Irat"l , ':rere he vislted the ffeA.rkpt"'rters of the Frenc}1 ~xp=;dj tionr-i.ry Corrs . A. t frn. ta. he t0 J.1u:1d t o Genera 1 J11in "nr'1 noted \Ti th satisfActj_on thl'J prop;ress the :Frencr Corrs ,·as r,r,lr-ing :in tre ,,ttricl,- v·hich had been lmmched on the previous day. He then flew to the II Corps lrrnr1 j nr; field in Iresenzano, "IrerA be ''let ·vi th GenAral Kqyn,s r nc1 -,ent ov8r ·•ith him the arrnng8ments +>or the r~ Corns attacv v}'ich w:=is to be lrnnched on the evening of the 14/15 . At lunch G9nerr,.l Clr rl.r entP-rtained GenerR 1 Penney , the Commnndj nO' Gener:11 of' the 1st ".ritisr ;)iv-ision and c1T'liral 'T'rouhridr;e oP t½e H.m1<,l TJrvy. ·,ith this or>ficer , h8 r'iscussgd r'etrii], of th9 nrorosed operPtion 3PT7f"rlvc; , as Acl mire.l 'l'rou'l)ridge is ~o comI"!Rnr'l thRt r,ortion of the n.av::il force ·1hich will support the British operation in SJII 11 TGL""; . In tbe r-:>ver,inq; Genorr>l Clr>rk rec0jved for dinner Grmeral TloX1rel1 T'lylor of the 8?rod Airhorne Division , "rho has re centl:r bee 1 on r'letR ched s0rviM ""i tr tte Allied Mili tn.r;r Control CoT'lriission. 1 Grmerq 1 ':!lr,rk torh,r r ispritched the following two cPhles vith rPg,rn to re cent successes of Frencl-i troops on the Fi Pth .rny front: �bers o:f the C-STi' on vonr Sf'l9nd 4 d successes in ~~1rie oper"tio-'1S no•rr in rrogress . In spite of stu½r,o~n onen;tr resj strince n.nd counter"tt" c 1's you br;ve <7ined Pll of YO'lr ~nitiPl objnctives n_r,_(1 f're coY1ti11uing to r1r1 1m eyc0Jl9nt rro~ess to the north . The courP~e , det8rrn4nrtion rinc1 s 1·ill derionstratecl by All members of your cmmrind Pre f1ildirii:; ::1.nothnr gloriom· chPrter j n th'3 long r-inil noble historv of -,-,ren~h nrr1s . France mav ''T8 ll l)e eternr>ll;sr ~rn.t')ful for th8 rnrt you are non -nlnyin<; i1 secnrj_nr; her l i b~ffrtion -f'r,-,,,,, t e GArT1rn foe . 11 "fi'iV8 A:rny to AFHQ Pass to G8nerf11 Giraml FersonPl fron C1Pr 1< o.nd Info Cor,r to t;BF I er on<> l +"or Juin frol'1 Clar le. "I desire to congrrtulrite you on the successes of the c·":F in its rresent operrtio"'s . Fightjng in PdV9rse 1•reather Pnd over the nost di ~ficult terrra in , th9 Corrs hns succGeded in cr-1.p tL,ri.nv all of its ::i_nitir-1 obj"'!ctives R;:t,riinst r1et0rnined GerT!lPn resistance nnd :is continuin'; to nrike eYcell ent rr0e;ress to tJ,q rorth . GenerPl Juin ,.,_nd his co,n:r1!:'.n0 p_re daily e.dcti:1g to the finest trp.r,itio of' Fr/'.mcr fifshtini:; men , and I am rrou0 to heve t,1--_qn n.s members of Fifth Arny. 11 0 * * 1, * CASER.TA- - JAJUAEY 14, 191~4- -This ';Jorni ''1/'.; GrmP,ral Clnrk conferred with his Chief of Staff, his G- '3 and G- ? concerning the rrogress of flP.nning +'er 01 eration SH:'" rr.LE . The prospect continues to b<=i fFvorPblo, Pnd there is evo,ry indica tion th<1t suhstn.ntjBl Gorrmn forces 'lhi ch r,ight heve been pulled a\'Jr>y toward the v-i cini tv of Rone wer8 beinP- conto ined on th3 J resi:mt +'ront by tl,e vip-0rous froYJ.tril thrust now in r,rogr9ss . Genernl C1Pr1• then recejved Colonel nurf'e , 1 with ';'Thom he c iscussed the mi lHPry ~overnf'lfmt rroblP-'"'1S in .... respect for Operr tion A''":TIL. Gengral Clrrk desires to hPve Colone) Fune r- ssir;ned to hean up this section, j f it cen be a.rranfl'ed , as it Ppperrs thrt General Tfolmes is una vail<" ble • G,:,neral Clr-rk c1lso discussed wHr· Lt . Col. Clr,rk pr,nc in~ pubHc rel,tioYls proble 1q anc wit], Colonel '3nltzrnrn quest-i.ori"' concernin<:; unit citatioY\s 11nd the award of' the new service unit plaque . At 101,5 thri Gencir~ 1 left his conmEnd post and ,·,ent to tre cuh f'ielcl , wbere }19 tooJ~ off ·dth 'k•jor 11'\lker for the beach just sonth of' the T"louth of the Volturno . FiAre he trn.nsferred to R cub on floats 1111.d flew to t} e b0ncJ.-, just south of th9 Tusc:ir>no, storrin<; on the 1 re vms J11et rit tr>e beach bv n, j . V!P.y at the >?.est Cent3r fl.t '1orrento for lunch . Ge-1 . Tenn9'T 0nr insp9cted tl')e trr<in:ing o-1' the 3dtish 1st Division. The G9neral t 1en r9turn0d to his coro.nnnd -r,ost by cub rlrne . 0 Tre /,rmy Gortr'1fl nder ent9rtrdnn.d for dj 11."'er th:i.s 9VGrii n~ G9ncrp 1 Freyburg of the ?nd '•'(,,'l Zealrind Jivbio11 ~ncl Rrip; . Gen . IB,is , Fi.,.th ,,rmy Artilbry Of+'. "icer. G")nn.r[' 1 Glr-rk discucised -;ith GonnrP1 Pre;•1,urr; tro rrosr9ctivA 8r1rloyment o-1' thn 'Jnd 'Tnvr '',o"11flnd Djv:i.sion cor1mfinded by Ge11.Arnl '.F'reyburo- riDd rrro:nged -rith Ge,1ernl Le'·ri s to P!Ake E'V,,.,i bble for Ge1-1er;1]_ Freyhurg n cub pl"" ne to r-ssist his reconnaissl'1nce of rosi tio11s ['''1,-1 J-,j s ,risit t0 units on this front . -x- * * CA9,_,,;,,.,~ --JA'JUi'P.'·' 15, 19/J~--GenR:r::i.1 Clr-:rk left his co·1r1r-nc1 fO"lt by cub rl1me at C'8SO nnrl <'l"'W to the 10 Corrs f'ie1d ner.r ()pF1rnnise, hero hri wrs ff,t 1::>y e �stRf'f' of'ficm' anr1 -l:,pv9n to 10 Sorps He11drJ_1trrt8rs. Fere General Cl::irk tAlked to the rrinci P' l o·nficer"' of' 10 Corrs ,. ho hr;r1 eo11 :, c:sernbl9d by Genernl ~c';reAr;r. G'"'ner1.l Clrrk, spea}:inr- f'rom P r1°r ,~hjch he hnc" hr>c1 prer-rec l,y 0-3 nn0 hro11 '"'ent uy-, bv GnptAin Vn!lrson, 011tlim1d the rror,osed --;pr T(}L Orerati.on a11d t,}-,1; nro"'ltal or0rations jn cnorc1iri8tion " 7 th it ['nd emrh,,sjzed the irrportPnce o+> the lC' Corns role. Fe nlso .,,..end to t,},e 1>ssembled o+'fic1~rs some letter, ""ro1"1 A'7ericnn solrFers rr,rorted in a p:->pi:ir "1hich he hr>d, 'Jrich inr':ic...,ted an e~·cellent +'eelin()' 011 the r"'rt of' t:re Aniericf'lns +>or their British brothers in ~rms. GenerAl Clrr}· lef't 10 Corr,s co!",.,,Pnd ro"t "hortly l,ef'ore 1or,o 1>11d returned to the 10 Cnrps cuh Airf'iel.11 where h:! •;c,q J"'1et by T,t. Col. ·utherl --ir7 wJ--o had bee11 ou+, b,r cub to locnte n lan11;n"' ,..,..,,.ounr'l close to U 0 lrr: Division cor'lrn['nd post. ,,.,he G,1-v1riT'n.l f'lcivr to +,J~j s f'j A 1.cl, th,t of' the '10th Arr ored Arti llciry near fozznoli, "rhere he wrs ririt by rr,m0r.,ls I,ucPs Pnrl Truscott. T--Ie \7RS 1>ccomrPnied b;r +,h':'lS9 o-"+>ic8rs to n nerr 1)y l"'i9lc1 wher'J, ~n t},e rr9srinc0 of the entire ass9rnhled lrd Divirion, he mR~e ~ short arldress nnrl decor1>ted ?l officers. FolloTing tris cer9,·1onv the Ge,p-ri:il returner! to 1-:ls C0"'1Jl1Rnd :rost y rl:>'t'le. 01 0 At lrS1O Genern.1 r:lnr'k receivnd Lt . Grm. "lerPro:i, Chief of' '3faf'f of' the Tt.,linn Ar"~', '"ith Colo11el ] nll.Pvj cjno f'"l_ti rne of i,~ s <-t,"'l+>f' of'f':i cers who srokA ....,n!":;lish. The l"]-ci11erf'l r1 isc 1 1~sed ··,ith Colonel T-Pllmricino the errirloynent o+> Itn-1.i<>n unHs on th9 Fif'th ArmY front. He told G0n0rril P,0rrr0i thrit the It? l i_nn ~otorized nr:tr::>rle hd not clone we 11 or Inn.c;o, its f'ir.st orerr1tion, n.nrl t½Pt th9 rnn.-n,-yir ~ n ,.,,,i ch +,}-,9 t-roors l-11:,0 riled out unrer r.,,..cssure from the TTermPn rroeril"J.P,' TJivisio:ri. ri"CT ref'lectA- no c.,,..e0i+, on th;::,vn, thoncrr, to he sure, rrtPny Ttril:i.r>n solr1j 0 rs in tht Action }, 0 <1 r'ier o:rill'""·.,_t1,r. Gen"lr"l r:1Pr1c further S.?ir' thr,t he hr>d P'iW~n thA Br~<;"'c1e f'IY10th0r cl rnc8 r,nn t,1-yt it r'?O 0one fnirly- \"'ell, ..-,1t1,o,1gh not rerll:r wel enou,a,}, to T""9t'it tb=i co~r~enrlrition v;hich he h:->r ,·TH,te11 tC1 GAn'"rPl 0rid.no in orc1er th1 t h9 rniP'rt ~iv8 encou.,,..11,a,erient to the Itriljan troors. Shortly the:r9a+>ter Gener.,l Cl,Mr 1r J--nc1 r"irected Gen0rrl I'nri..'1.o to tr> 1'e ov r t"1 rpli9t r1 ef'ensive sector ""'rAre n. Ger'"'lnn Ptt1ck on I? hill WPS ro"'s::ible ut 1'1ot likely, and Genc.;rf'l Darino I,r, 11 rerlied by letter, st11ting thrt his rrro1rr c011ld not rlo th:i job, t},qt he was },,wing heri,,y- des 0 rti0'1s 1:1n.d thr-t 19 shonld h 0 ~ent to the T'APr to reorr;r>n · ze. Generf"'l -Pe.,,-.Mrcl;_ s, id tht:>t Generel Darino ~,..,,,., he tho 1li'"½.t, A. def'eati..st in outlook rinr1 thrt he intended to relieve hi.TYJ. 1 0 Ger9r<1l ~1P-r 1r -1-1 r,n ,,..eceiw~d P c::tll ,~rom 1.nbbi 11ric 1'Tler of' tre ,Te,:risb Jelf<1rA '9orrrl anrl Chrln.-in t'l ior Lev o" thA C+"fice c" t•19 Chief of ChPrla~ns, u:ro was al'.!co,1rn11.yinc- noctor Br~ c 1'1v~r on ,"' t011:r ,.,<> the P-':,tl0f'ielr's. These officers cMrne to visit 0"'"1Gr£'1 Ckrlr w;tl-i GnJ.on,l Rvrn. fl"'t8r r1~n11n,·•, 11'-mrerrl Glc-,rlr ,,rent r'o"n to t 1 e o+>PiCA'3 of' t:re Iln1.ning Grour Pt the FM1...,ce ·~th G9rPr.?l GruAnt 110r, 1:1here Ge'19rPl Clark n/0ress9ri tJ,,e officers o-'"' ' 7I Gorps stfl "'f nho w0r, [I c;q9·,"hlPrl tlvY"'e c0·ncerni n.g th=i im 'ort,,nt r;"Jrt to 1,0 plri:,r<=Jd b•r 1TI Corp', in Or,9,..."tion srr GL--;. 'l'her0.""'t9r, th8 G-ori0rnl, f99li 11a- trr-at tris 'N/lS +,he last orrortn:rdty he ~LV9 f'or ., lor,_P- t•i179 to P-et "'1;' r 1st rv,ay Prori tre cc,n_-1-,inuous rressure of' 1,'tsiness rt Ji.is CO"'l""P.,,.,r1 rns+, -inv-ite,i Colon9l '"inltzr,rn .<i.nd Lt. Col. '>uth,--,r7_-,,nrl to orive ,,dth M.m ~n hi.s B11i.c"k- to ti--0 .,..,ifth Arriy C'""f'i.cers 1 Rest Center to ,·rnul.d �f',,,., ',n,1.r'"l . T:be rr'rt•r 10ft, Ge 1v,r"l r~l.<>Y' 1,c c'r·· v.,,,.,cr, r.nr'l I""ce very P'OOcl t,-':r,n 1111.til r>hout '18V8'1 rdl93 frorr ~orr9nto, wh0n th Blic1~ 1111..,ccountribly r9Pnsnrl +,o ro [tY\17 "'2rtrnr . Lt . Col. cut],,--,rlrnc1 \T"''"' r-',~r..,tcl-9cl to '"iorrAnto f'or helr on fl rr-i ,,c;i11.r1 Itrlinn truck , but ,.,hi.19 thr-i Gonerr>l riw,.,it0r! his return 9 i0Ar Pror~ +,h9 I ,=m:i'1<JU1flr Bn.s9 Se::r':.io11. Re"lollnt 0 9rvj ce , rri ve,1 , driv0,11 by S9rf:;er>rt n. . "estor~ 'H\ .., YJ.d t ct int:; SerP-A"YJ.t P.. . } lo1 rnher . 'T'hese t·im non- comriis,,,ionod o""f-i cers c;to1"r9d nn 'W'ffY ef'f'ici.e11.t •r nttP ched f' chr i11 to tr0 Generr>l I S CPr rind +,o••refl hi,.., to tre ( ff~ cors I P.est S011.ter . The G"'"'C'\T, 1 "P s c;;-ref.ltl y .; M:r,ressed by the ch0e~01l eff.;c1encv nP thes0 t~o non - con~i.s,..ionnd of'ficers nna a.;rgct~f th"t ,, l_9t,+,or ho -rrritten "'or 1-ii" si ,.,.n.,ture, cnr...,0nr1i.nr:r th9rri f'or their rtnod ror 1c. stf-l7 f'o,~ P 0 T e n.911.~r.,1 sr,9nt th9 11i ,-,.ht, ,,~,1 f'ollo"inC; dE'y resti mi: rit ,orr0nto nnd retnr11Ad to -1-,:r,9 com1...,n 1 rost on tt A ev9nin"" of the lhth . * * CI\SF,"R.T.f\ -- J4.'J1Tf, .. Y 17, 194L~--Grm9rPl r:l"r 1• to,'"'Y .,...ec9iV"'d <i crll f'rom G0,ri 0 r11l K9V8'1 nho ' 01 SCUSSP,( "itl-i hiri th9 rroc'res-:; of' +:,r, II Gorrs Of9rntio'1.~ rr,_c :its 9mrlo:m•,'1t . Hri t -,p rec9jvecl A. C9ll ·"ran G,"3r""rPl Luc"s ·rho ,rs joined (}911';rrl TJrnnn , <>nrl th(Yl9 o,,.Pi.cer-:i ,H r;c 1.ssen t,>19 .,,-rop;r9ss in mP 1dn--; thA f'in~J l_;=ms f'or Orer<Jtion ·:rrrGL.~ . Q9:rr..rrl CrPne, v~o is -rlanY\inp; f'or th8 nd mini strr-tivn rr0hle"l in tr9 ~it,r o-" no"9, tJ-,en ..,ic1 ,, 'hri0f' c..,11 on G<;nerr,l C7 rr1-::, r,110 , "'ol 7 o-••-iYJ.F; t 7•-is , Colonel '1ic 1 .relwrjt cn 1 led to rli--;cuss rend~nf.; co11rt <>rti." 1 C," SAS . -",1tiir9 bv 1 V9gt,9-rr "Y "10rn-i ,,_~ t 8 f'ollo"'jrir; cn 1,19 vms sert to 15th l\rmy l',rouy, f'ron-i t,h9 ~ilitnrr n.ssi.on •rith th8 Tt,nl-l1m AY'-r1y ,,1th P"l. -':nfor'Tintion cor;r to .,..,if'th Army: P,.'·T ClRO . "'irirr . rrt,; 1 i TTmh 0 rto tn'ms rver coMrn...,nrl of' 1 ·,otori Z"'r! Bde 15 .J"n yice T'lri . • Tl..,ni.no ·r~ncenzo . " 3b 1 YJ.l'.l'le Ty,+,911i,...9nce su, tio11 or er,e""Y t::r-oonq, " 1lil. it, Djv-isioY\ rnd tre ')Gth rnn7,er f,..ont:-1.l i:1,sr-i 1l+, of' th::i 7i->'tl-i t ion to ->.:r-.,_r~r---: . 1 0 ..,...,F mnr~r 'Q "'A.S is::;11.9r' torn,r c;11!""1°r17,1no- the 1iqrosj,,...,s ""9}+, tl-i.rt ,. ., n'T'8"t nnr+, of' the F9rrrirn Goeri11.g r,rerv,01er n·vis-ion rniv1-,t b<::i contr>jned in the Arn 7, tbus en.~i1·v:1 tbe pr9~qur9 o-F> eneny orrosi- r,., 501.th Cor1hrit "'9PM ,.,i9ld r rder ,tq v1r, s issw::id tocl::i7 nescrihing in detri il tre r';,'lrt ,., ,; ci,, the 5C:/.1-th Cof'lbnt Ten"! ,rill ::-1.r'y 1n nyer11t:ion C-:.HPiGIB . 11 T hr>ve been +><>vorribl7 im:8,T,J ;073 _ PArso'1<1.l "'or rrcGre8r;r f'rori ClPrk . ress<;r1 ');T tl-'e tl1orour:h119ss of' vo 1r lnnn~n1 for f'orthcorojna op9rat:ion. I .'l"' con-"ir19nt 70 1.1 'ill b9 -;uccessf'ul. Gond lu~ 1, to you . 11 0 * * r:~s:SRTA-- -JA1' JAR'( 1~ , lqLi-4- -In t,he ...,,orn;n:; tJ-,e G'~ner11 l r13crdved n er 11 f'ror r:o,.,,\'1A nrl i:ri P" t 19 !+5th D:5 vj -; j_o11.. mhe Gener/l 1 ,'i ~cu,s9cl -'-,he ross-:1-,79 enrlovrnAnt, n:' r" . . . t, of' th9 Li/5th Division to r0inforc9 ~ t 1·oors l'"'rrlirp; i:r +.h9 "irst rhrse of' n:,°"rn:tion JI'I'Jr;.LS . Th8 C"¼e'7.err, 1 next rec9 i V8rl n. "r 11 (1011 <::Jrn 1 T;r, rrJ.e s, v, �fror1 GenArr-1 Le"lnitzer ho discu~10rl i-iri0fly th~ iJ11!"l;n°nt FrrivPl of G0n°rtil Alexri.nrler 9nrl -+:,J:-0 0stohl ishrri0nt o 1-iis •lead 1ur:>rters nt CA.sertl'l. ~nstern of Bnri . mber9P Pter G~ner"ll V1r r; n ri.nd Gen°.,...'1 J. i= PYJ.C 0 en '1A to c, 11 on G,meral 0,lprk ?11(1 d1'1CUS9 tJ.-e 1uestio'1"l o+' suprly +'ro'1 tre ro-lnt 0{' ,,.:<JV[ o-f' the 1 Jorth Africrri establisrment"' cic; w9ll rs tJ,0 r,.,ninsulRr Rase '":ection. At 1 ')45 '}eneral Slr-rk- 1-i?d nn o-"+'-th0.-,,.ecorcl "Te3s cn.,,+'9rr.mce in +,re ½ut , 9.t ,..,11i.c"i he .:11r1 • cri.ted to 17 1vrr corr0sronr113>its , rh0+,or~P;hers R!'ld rnhl:i c relrt~ ons o"fjcers +J,.,,t c1 ne•,, bl_o"T '71"1'1 to he struck rit the Germr·ns . These corresronr1en.ts r8 1ervi nn- toniorrow to jc-.: n c-utfits rrrtj cip[ltini; in 01 erfltion ,PI'VH..E . ""'he G0'1eral rlid !1ot ;_,,1:Ucnte '7h9re OT' when th8 orer.,tion r,,oulrl take plPce h1t exrl, ·in")r to t O COT'r0.r;rondey,ts t'1,:,+, tre ...,if+,h AT''1Y w;.s rrepnring to 1tri"k:':l th<1 h rr'e3t ½low it }--,.ns y0t .?tr1u::: --;~nee the 1.rindinf; .,t Sr>lerno . Tr'.) 0en':i'"l out1in'"'rl +re ~j ➔,n'ltion 8.'3 it no'"' C''ists, e·"TlriinAr.l that tre ,..,rench l'Jorrs "'nrl str11cl• 11lon"' the r·i"'l1t f'l,.,nk ~n fl.n ef'fort to dr-o "l Merri GPr>,rn troors . +,o t ,,t E1roe, t'1Pt tbe T-lritish Corrs lrnnched 1.r o"'f'cmsivo ,,cros<J the Grri -~, i Dno ln.st nir; 11t i'1 ,,n e+'+"ort to Purther »re11.'\rnn the Gerritins I Cr ssino rosi t-i on rn rl 4:,hPt n 1 tb-~11. fl. c;hoT't t~·,0 the tr Corrs "1011lrJ P,''9rt more rr 0 '1sure in t,he c911ter c--f' the lir,<> . mhes": trree r1oves , 1-,0 sPi..r, 7err, P ~n~lude to rinother or-orntion th,t ho WPE' ;:orry he could not 9,crln 1 n ~n c'letPi.1. The,e thr•w corr,s o-reT'<itions "''3re designed to bririr; Yoore Gr::rl"'r n ::;+,renn;th dum to the 'l<'ifth !\rmy f'rc.11t cinc'l to tl1in out, if' ross~1--,7..e, l}err,rn -rorces th;t T".• P,ht orrose tre sreci.ri l operDtion . Fe s<i.id rc".d "1.j'J't' hor0s of the t'encli'1P' orer[ltion, '"'nr ,,hen 1 ::i.s 1(ecl if' this or0rrition 'ms not c esif{l1ed to J.ir, sten the f'r 11 of Ro , the ii'ifth PrMy Corrir~ppr]er renli8d thrt ever7 orer.?.tion th0 ,..,j_ftr J.rmy unrlertco 1• WRS de'<if;ned to sr,eed thP rlPY " en Allied troors ·011J.d erter Rorrl9 . Fe outHned to thA Co"'rec;nondents "O'M', n-" t,hn c°-l "r'i("''ll~ rn·i l-lt,:-r7 "' 11c'I '10n Pl: litn.ry rroblems thrt vro 1 1ld qr~<Je ,,~tJ, tre +,[-l 1ri'Ylf"" nf the ItRli Pn ~r~·-itrl. 0 0 0 "'e 0 , Ge.,,8rP 1 81 "'r,, no" ril"rs to 1-i'"'ve one> o+> 011.r corr.e,..ronde'1ts ri.ccornr"'ny him on the rm hcnt hen he dw,hes ur to the 8'111 rPn QSS"nlt Prea on :;' fr V . Tr is c0rrPsro11dent rrobr->"117 "rill be '"yron Snlzberr,er of the 'iew York T:im<=>s . ,_~ Th"' G0YJ.eral, Pfter cn 1 1tjouc:;l'r ;_-,,c'i.cnt-ina; thnt rin i.rriportrint str.<-te~ic "10Vel""mt WRS i1"1m:inl'-mt , tJ-re1•1 the cc-n-:errmce oren to qw=igtions . The corres ronclo.,,ts , -"ror,, t 11"':i r ci_ue-.:it ~ ons , "ere YCJost : -,,tere"lted in 'Then Rone won 1d be tri 1~en "'nr "'hRn the l}ener.n 1 exrected ,, juncture bet ·:een th<o tJ-,ree corrs now in cnP1bPt r,nd tre srec" n.l force (<1TIT TGJ:E). Th3 G,mera1 "n.id he ropec1 thrit this juncture •m111.cs 1,e "'1,,de '7itr.:n t,rn ·7ee 1rs ?+'+,er +,J-n [nsnult . Tre corresrondents r>lso ·•0'1(~8red i.,.. this srecii=il ii'i.f'th Arr pr oy,er.,,tion vrr,s i~ n.n:v 'il";l ticid in ··fith onerPti.o~s c,lsev.,here . The (}Pn9rr 1 tol-1 them thrt f'or <1c11e time hc, hnd been wn.ntinr>; to 8Xecutr:, '>11cJ-· r-i.11 orer,,tjon but thn.t until now suf'f"ici<mt crnf't hRc! not bnen rvn.ilrible . Th9 cr-"r"nr811ce ;::inded ,.,-J,cin G3n8rr-tl Clrrk hr>d to hurrv to "'noth9r :"'9eti11f m~th Gen0:rnls nouse 211,, Gr>11non . P;::i""or9 1.eriving, ho1ever, G8nerr>l C1."r 1,. F>lso to1,1 tl:-e corres-ron/lents th"t onc, of tre ..,ost ~l"!Jx·,rtrint +',9ctors th~t '!onld P-overn the Rssrult "•oitlrl he tre werther rnd th-,,t p;ood 11er>tber would hpve to nr9vPil +'or th, r:rerc1tion . He '"laid thrt , <>s yet, hCJ had received no lorin; rc1nP,'e rr11r'iction on h"t the weather ·1011.ld be on the 11lr.nned day. 1 1 1 rT'}i9 s11bjAct of his con.,..errmce ·ith Gcmernl Uouse a'1r1 Gener, 1 Cn.nnon VIf>S ti,9 rro:--oscid drop o+> the 50l+th . nrad ute Jn+'..,ntry 11egim0nt . Generr 1 Cl,,rlc WR s �worrieil by t"Jo c0nsir1errtio,...s "Tfectinr; this o erntio"l . In the f'jr--;t :lace , thA r.res"'nr:<J of r, force "ell +>cT''l,":rd of tr 0 1 rndi'1gc3 tc cut off the f'"'rrooch to the rieach by rr0rT11r>n +'orces is 'hifl'hlv desirri>:>lc "nrl , if' eff'r>ctiv"' , 1-:ould greatlv f'Pci litr>te the whole S:irTGL'":: Ororn.tion . On tr•, otl 0r 11;-,nc", ti-,9 two g,:i r r-onerc ls ro-i '1ted out tJ,~t no r -heAr,[il "0r the orer,-,tj o'1 hc=>d been T'O"' sible , trrit tl-io :iirborne troo:rs hrrl 11ot _rect.; cec r lr''1r1int; "'or a '1umh=,r of r1onths Fnd t,hn.t ti- n1°019 !l f'frd r, +>ror. t'he -roi'1t o+' v.; e· r o"' the r> ir , hnc'1 the n'1.ture o"' P'1 "mrrovi:v1.tio11 . -t F9.S ro~sP1le th.:t t. n prr cJ,utists r.iip,ht be '7idely sc,.,ttrired upon ln.ncHn"', b9 j,,,,P,ff9ctive as n delr>yinrr force 11.nd be rendered ther0nf+,er useless i'S ri forr:e for A-ny rurpose . Th9y nlso roi11ted out th,-,t th0re ~"011l_d ")e no T'\oon nt U'is ti:me . 0 The General , r,fter be2ri.ng tre r•ros ~1;_d ccns 0ecid0cl to ,:,-ive tl1 8 rn?tter 14ttl9 -"F"'t '?r c1'ns-irl0rrtjon . ~vrmt,1rll:'r be decider' to eljr~innte th9 dror 11d lonr1 th9 50/1,th from the sea . At 1330 G9r0rnl Alev:D 1d9r ,,,.,,.rived "lith Q,m9rnJ. ford4nr; rn0 Gonerrl J,e"1nitzer . G")""lernl lil9x:Rnder t"rowi his o',n jeep ur tl 9 rath to a po 4 nt in f'ront o,-, tre n j r1es I t,mt nnrl cnne to r da;;;hi ng halt . In th~ co-.-,f0rence ·Tith GA:>111rn1 Cl~r4 1 the Genernl di -::cussed the ::trtus of Or11rqtion r;rrr 1GLP. and the 10 Corrs o ~f'P.ris" V8 no,·, in rrogress which ap1 yier>rs to be mn l::~ n,, o;ooc. ·,rogres s c esr; te count8r rt tr c r:::; ner r th 9 T"louth of ,thFJ G~rir.:7 j nno jn tho vi.cinit7 o-" the villPge of' ''inturno and 4rgento . The Rr-itish "re berdnninp- to f8rr;r trin1rs :'Cross, :rnc Ui9 0 1 1tlook -':or ri rerosonr-l)ly s11ec13ssful op9r Ptio:r -ts 1,right . p 1 0 G,~"10rn.l Clr,rlz saic1 to GenerP1 Ale·-:and"'r, fl"'lonr; oth9r trh1gs , th:-t the t:iT118 would con.1~ ·+0n he hnd to ,fo so~rithjr,Q' Rbout th'3 number of visitors nho "ere descFJnrli·'1i:r uron him , 11sin1; hi,s C,'"rs , J- 4 s 1'llc'l:..~t9rs r>'1rl tn 1·::ln~ up the time of h:i""self' anc: bis stp+'f of'f'-icers hen they ,·;ere eng:-,p;ed in orer,-,tions . HA sn5d th,,t this rlid "lot Ap ly to Generrl J\lex11nr'er ·1ho , Pfter rll , 'ms ris direct co"111ar.r1 er, bnt he t ·ougl·t GsmerP 1 ~ l 3xr-nder should tr> ke tre onus of r,rotecti11.r him f'roJY> othr:ir ~,-wursions . Gennrril c1~rk r-dder ti,,.,t, PS G3ner2l \lexancler knew , re hnr'l thus f13r been extr emely r8certi ve t0 visitor~ , 1 mt tbe r1ooc1 hfld -"e.'.'lch'Jd tJ:.r" poi11t '7},8re c;ow,th 4 nfJ' J.-i,:,d to he do11'3 riho11t ·'t . Gener~l Alex8.11der sa ir1 ths.t he wo 11ld do 0ver:yth:; nP, he co 1lr1 t0 keep Gen9r"' 1 C}Prk frorn br,ino- ov,rburrl9ned . 0 1 A+'ter nn , ho11r I s cnnfercmce, Gener"' 1 Ale'm.nder left 1i.tr r r'1J.ide :rrovided by General Clark , to 170 to 10 Corrs TAC Fendqur'rters nerr Sessr ~runca to d5.scuss ,d_t}:1 General ,,cCreery the rroi;;ress o-f' t,119 10 Corrs nttl'J.clr . At 153C Achir11l Cunn'nP-h['m, P. 1, s- 1·c, ~~:r , nrr:tv~d ..,nrl <liGCll8S8d. v1ith GAn'Jral / :·editerrPnean , nn''i Captnin I o"er , Glrr 1~ the sea 1sr,ects 0~ the r}l-IItTGL:~ Oreration . Today ~t noon the 'Prenc'r Bxredj tionary Corp, rrovr>d j ts col"1r1r>11rl_ rost from 1 ratf1. to enpf'ro , thus r,utting it -in r J11ore fn:ror0ole rosition to control t},e r~ovris of th0 ?nri l'oroc c'ln Pnd 1rd Plr,eri:,n Divisions . At 171C Gener~l Clr-r 1r '.7ent r'1o"m to -'-,he r~l,,,ce ;-,nd h:-d P blk vrith Lt . G8n . Devers , Americ..,n Cor~l"'J"'.'1der-in-Chief ~n t½e treater , rep;-,rf;_nr" pro!"lotions ,..,_nd necoratio11s , urF;inF; upon G8nernl Y'evprc the fflct t rt o'1ce " quote of decorntions wns ceterT'J~ ned re , Q,:merPl Clerk, sho11ld h::"Je the decidinq voice �1 as to who sroul d b0 c ecorrted vri t hin Fifth Army. Gener.? 1 Dev-1rs was ~ost corrli['l one sta.tecl th 0 t he intended t0 rocomF1end G8nerril Clrr 1,,. .('or the commr>nd of' Op9r11tion A TTTIL . Ge,,,0rri l GlnT' sriic~ th,-,t ho FP s grrtef'11l for G1=me ral Devers I c0nsii4eration b,,t tl "t be br-td bee11 notified severnl ··reeks be fore thE1t he h:-:id been selected ·"0r th"t conm.ond . Gener11 l Cl11rk recrd VArl tr8 fol 1 o..:in'; rP.nio from GenerP 1 O::isenho ver yesterday : 1 1tr 7078 . w tre11. I '.31"' irl p•oor'l.by0 to you in ifrirlos : still held the hore th11t I rii ,.,.ht ~et to s0e :rou once More b9fore I left th:i tre.oter . r:;j nee thj s hn.s rroved impo"'sihle I an senilinr: this tPl0~ram just to c,n.y ag.oin ho •r f'leeplv grat8"'ul I r>m to you "'or tl-ie nPgnificent servi C8S you h1we per f'ormed trrou,.,.l~out the year r>nd n hr- lf th-ot hn.s 0l1>rs0rl. sirce you rnd I lef't lashing-ton . 1\11 A11iPd -"-ip:1tirio- '"1en nrA rrond of vou nnd ::i.re looking form.rd to a rerform~nce iri. your next grec't tris}r thnt will equal your rPst accompl i shm,,11ts . t'\r 1-i8st to yo11 , to Grue:o.thAr r>nf'l to :1y otht=Jr friends 011 Your c;ta"'f ancl in your Army. Goorl luck on CjJ:-TIFGLE . n 0 !!Yo'U' rn.c1jo re'lch0d ~ 0 vesterd"y, nnd I "ms del ip:htec1 to herr from you , 1 alt 011R;h c :isanroi nted that I m:ii:,ht not baV8 r-n orrortunity to s?e and tRlk vdth you f'or f' fei-r minutes . I h1'1rl hop3d to "'et -::O·1e 11'1te ·:ord on an:,r chRnl!es in f 1lt1U'e ev'3nt s, +>or thA -:nrlicrtio"'s I r: t hero , trrou~h Alex,.,11cier, arP. thfl.t mv tas 1• is on 'l ,rre:,tly reduced sc8l9 . 4o"mver, ··e ,ill do it, whntev"'r it is . J h, ve h2r1 no timA to r,-j_ve r:ucl· thouqht to thPt, for I h:.ve "l;T Pye on :1noth0r little ti'"'f::ii.r rc,re, wit•1 1 r1-ich ;rou are verv fF>mil-:Pr, r.nd bv tre til'lA tliis letter reaches yo1 1 '·e wi 11 -non th'" resnl ts . I rm goin~ alonp; on trn.t OT'8ration in order to obtl'lin +'irst-hrnd -:nformntj_o,,,_ as to its injtinl success, jn order tr<it ~ r~r7 t.<>l·e rc1vt1:nto[>'e o" orrortunitfes to re in.i>orce tb2t "ront in exrloitRtio11 of Pny orrortm1ities '1-iicl-J. might co:r1e to 11s . ( "I 11:no-·r yo11 must 1:)e husv. I hope tJ-,,-,t this otrcr ri. "fr, ir /?OAS t},rour:;h as you h"'d nnt:i cip~ted nnd ti,:cit I rnay have t},e orrortunity be"ore lo1tg to fl f5A in cnr,e unr1er ;irour conT'l.and. rrry r0qFrds to B9d91l r,nrl. the rest of my l'rlends . 11 A l1"1nni.,1ri; 0x,~rcise o+' tbc, 1rc1 Dlvision r.,ris scher1 11l80 for tl1 0 n:t 0 lt, b11t durinr, the late cwr=q1:i ni re; orts bep;" in to re:::• er Gener/' 1 Clnr}~ th,,t fl n' 1 rnb9r of losses o-: c,u101s nnrl. 105mm field guns hr'd occurred . The Gr:m<:Jrel rr-- s grertly concerned . * x- CAS P.TA-- .Jt'ITJARY 19, 191..4-- This nornjno; l}-9mr l Cl:cirk dictate6. the following to be :inserted in t11e dif'ry of today : 0 "LA.st nip-ht at 'T'ruscott . l' bout ten o I clock I r0cei ver1 the .ottr> chec'l from Grmernl \ 3hortly there"' fter , rlurh11s the n:l 1;ht , ne n trickled in -d.th re- �garcls the losses in equipment and JT111teriel ..rhich t e 3rd Divjsion Pd suf-l'ered j n ;ts r0hCJ<1rsal. The" nni.ounterl. ron ;hly to 1.3 dulcNs , 19 105 1 s includi n!'.{ f'ire control e1uir"'1ent , '7 57rim rmti- tronk f;'l.ms 11nd ? 37 1 s . Fre sumn.h1y s0rici co""munic"tion equirnent '8.s lost, but r1et.nils h11ve not yet been +'urni"hed me . l)11r5.ng tre nir,1-it :r directer'l that Goner" 1 Luer> s, General Tru~cott , '1."'vrl representn.tives , GenP-rr-1 ·olfe "ncl otrers be '1SS9mbled h0re in order th,,t ,te night discuss, roint by roint, di+'ficulties encountered and b.1,8 the necessr>ry ster"' to see tri"t the;r ,·,oulG. not recur in the oreration. "It has 9.lunys been my t} our-'1t in roherirsing +"or these oper~tio11s th.,t tl 0 dr;,r r'm srould be b,qd , rnri thrt r1i -:;tr :es occurring b8 correctecl before the final O:'er 0 tio'1 . Th9 overFhelming r,-i "'T'1!1nPgeri(mt by the "Jrwy in this cn.se arra71~d ne . I.,~ convjnced t½rt Dost o+' the ni"'ficulties encountered nere due to ln.clc o"' rroper plrnn~ng, ½uttoninr; 11r ~nc' b·rinin--; on the vrt o+' Vie r"'-vy. 0 'Thi, rnorninr I hPve c'iscnssed tris r"-"tter ":th Gener~1 Lucr>s, Gener...-1 Truscott l'nr-1 otl·9rs ['11( qrrrnr,r;n "or t':1°ri to con"ront the ildrir, 1'3 ~Ylrl th0:5.r a~rnistants (Lo··ry) ;n order to ov"rc01;'} tlvv:·e di"ficulti",s . ::: hPve just tr>.lkod on the telepr one ~Ii th Ar,riirr-1 Lo-··r;,r nnd ~r.formed him tr,~.,t I am ri sto ni S ed ri.t sud· ,.,,-; ~M..,1'1.aP,P,r1r,nt • '.!:'i·u. ,Cott ~ 0 I UC" S "'T0 on t 8 :,,,,- "o,-. confer9nce ,vjth hiri . 1 r 11 '.!:'he ,...A-;--1...-coment o"' f'l,1,li.fT'lA..,t nf trA "rc'l Div; sj on h ~ er1bP 1·r~q:.Jer' m8 17e...-tly. It "n~ n"'ce::>s"r7 "'or ~,e to t,rl,9 t"rese ri1.1~·rs .;-ro7 thA lC Gorrs , 'll'o n0er10r~ them bfldl:r in the G'rigliano River crossing . It rer:nr· thrt I cr>n not "11rn~sh the '3")th Dj_vision ··;ith tre ,_,, duhrn ·<-r•:ic11 they need so brdly in tho-ir cross~ne: o+" t}1e R:cipido. I h~ve hnd to t1> 1<:" m11toriel from the 45th Div~sion '-rr·i_cl, ":ill 11e hf-1rd to r9plcce . I N1 r9cord-l11r: t' -is hrief outl:ino of nction tr ken ~ n orr1er t 1rt it roy be in r7 p9r:io11al record . •Uso 11otified Ge11eral Alexanc1 er . 11 11 Q,:,neral Truscott sent in r,n offici.,l rerort on the rehe8rse.l ;:,nd also sent a brief note to General Gruenther . Botl-i of these 2re quotec' belo tr: 1 The note to Gennrr,l Gruenther: 11 1 ,"'T'1 ta\ing the liherty o:' ;:,endin;:; this to you so th;:,t you "ill lrnol' how .;-rincy this ev·ercise re0llv W"S . ::'urtt9r, 1 tine is so short thPt senr:li'-iF tl-ii~1 to you c irect rrir>~f pive you 1>ncl tr9 Boss 1e time to CC'nsjder i.t before you roceive tl- o<'f'jcfrl copr thrt I'r -forwarding tbrough proper chr.nnels . "I believe thrit you 1mow r1e v,e 11 enour;h to -mov1.' th, t I ,muld not r.[l ke such a point unlecis I n ctur1 lly f'i:~ lt stronrrlv 1:1 bout it . J+" this is to be 8 "forlorn hope 11 or a 11 suicir1 e s.oshnyu tl-•=m o.11 I rrr-nt to 1mo i1 t},f't f11ct I./'.' so , I ' m ro~itive t¼rt t'1ero ::.s no outfit in t 1-10 rrorld thR.t ci:m do it better thri".l ne - even tl"ou~h I reserve :!"ir;J.t (personally) to believe we :-:iight deserve a better fate . u 1 1.• GenerR.l Truscott I fl official report follons: 11 1. To m-i1:ttarv f'orce con hop8 to f'ssault r. ' of011ded bench rrith prospects 1 1 �of succes s 1mless it cnn be l 0 nc1 ed on sl:>ore in tacticr-1 order rind rroper co·'ldition to onga~e j n coT'lb"t . •,- ercise ,just conclud9d t ; '" dnte disclosed so "'lnn~r rlefJ ciencies in thes'J 1"9'1rects t l."'t t11e neec1 for ::ic'di ti.on"'l fr1v£1l train-' 11g and ;,~proved orgr,··izrt,ion i'1 r9rfectl:,r ohvio1w . This exercise hnc been plArmed for the JalP.rno beacres in +,he vicinity of' Faest1 1r1 and this area h1:1c'l been Hccepted by th0 ·Tnv7. Les 0, th:m 16 hours prior to the exerci 1e the areP 1·r s ch...,nged to British bePches nortl-i of the Sele River for Uaval reasons , in spite of' tl1 e -f:Pct th:->t t½.e Pre11 inlirnd wi:1s entirely unsuitable +'or rel1enrsing the militnry orerrition involved in the 3d Division's part in the 11 3f.I'TGLE 11 operfltion . 0 11 2 . nut of 37 LCTs assir,ned f'or t e opern.tion, only 11 ,rent on the exercise; q srec:iPic LCTs sreci1:1lly rerp1ested, cPrrying tanl•s , cornmunication.s equipr1ent, anr1 Di.vision hnadquR-rtors , "mre not 1:1vrilr1 ble; 1 LJT car rying one <J.snai1lt coTT1rany ·ras not Pv;:;.ilnble . Son8 of th9 rnore sed ons poh1ts noted in the execution of the e--::ercise ~re: (a) 'Jo si.m;lo hattr>lion Jrndod on time or in formPtion . 1 aer1ents of the bePch P,sanlt hrttn.Hon o.c> tl,e 15th Infrntry ·rere lrndod rs "'allows: 0/i.L,5, L Compl."'ny "''1d hnlf' of HeQdriu;:irtors Company; 0500 , K ComrPny and hPlf of 1· Company; 0800 , hrl-r:' be...,ch nssPult l,d,tP}ion , ·ps lPnded first , between the hours of 0405 Pnd 0/,50 . Tbe 1st BPttPliM , ··11 ic°!" srio11ld have been the lr st bPttnlion to lr>nr , wos l~ndec'l b8t•-reen 0/,?5 Pnd 0610 . Corironies were l11nr'l.ed 11+, Pll points on Green Beacr , "S ell PS to the north r>nd south thereof . (b) Tr"ne::norts 1;,ere so ,~t<r o f sl- ore thrt rssrult crrift re-mired fron 3 to 4- 1/2 hours to reach the beach . (c) DHK"lS required 4 to 5 J:>ours to 1J.3rch anc1 , further, s-t le11st 1 /, TFKFS carTYi'Y1.g ? 17nm P'1d 2 57"'lm AT runs, were sw11mred . rres"mt indications Pre tr.rt Pt least 5 others, cnrryin,r; 105mm Ho7 1 s 1·ere 1."'lso lost . (rl.) ?o single 9le•i1cmt 1 'Ir>s lr>nded in hPnd and on its correct be11ch . BeAchcs '''ere n:issen b:r as much as l,OC'O yards . (e) Iracticallv no b:"irntry trcticnl vehicles ·vere lcnded . (f) Ho :inf<>ntry anti-t~nk mnrons , rirtiller·r, or tr:mv-destroyer .a,,.:ms rere l'shore by daylio;ht Pnd in position to mP.et enem:r iwtion. (g) Assnult crri.ft hench8d nt ,,J.ow sp~ed c1nrl stonr<ed ·crl,en g-.ronnded, forcinq, troops to diserbrirv in deep water unnAce--;sriril;r. (h) v-:rs . 'In tan1rs ·, ere ln.nded . (i) Crp_ft f'::, j lnd to report to tc.ke rn~iT"1rmtril commm,r ers from Ci) Prnct-i ca 1 .ly no use '7f' s nJ?de of LCWs or LCA.s to ferr:r troops ashore "rom LGis , nlthouo;h t1,-~_s rrocofur9 is includ0cl ~n the plan 'ln,, will \ �3\ undoubtedly be essenti/"l 1 in the oper.otion. (k) Ship-to- shore conmunic."V ans were ••efed,i ve , if not tota.lly (1) Th9 r9h9rirsRl rrovidnc no test +'or CCH'1l1Unicnticns , r11rticmlr1rly with reference to 1'nvn.l P,11.n+'ire . (T'1) Troop o<'ficr,rs 111_...,rt 01·s not "r iJr ble to Army personnel. Army of'f:icers in so.,1e en.sec PS 1'8d to use e 11list0d mens ' l"trine n.YJcl vrore barrec .,,.r()Jn r.... rrlroon . "3 . Tl e ·r.,,vnl sjoe of the 0.~srult orerrtion ras controlled .,..ror.1 the Risca me by the 'T[' v'11 Cori11n.nrler . The Di vision Co:1r.:n.nder, ···ho P ctu.-, lly conrrncls the ::-sseult troops , is A.ssig"l d a nritis)1 L<,I as He2d111.rrters ship . TJ-,e so-cPlloc Derut-r to t,}-,9 ·rrv~1 Coruri..,n'ier (vrho J,<>s never been so desirn~ted in · ritin1Y) hfls Y10ither stP,...,... , n.or cilitiT'~ , nor co·~r-n.micn. tions "or control o"' t,1-,,. c;lyi_~-ninr: involver:'l . ~o -rr,r r,s 1::>~Htv to ~Ylfluence the nssr>ult oreration, the •):ivi'1ion Co,.,,r nnder, is , :in effect , rierely ~ F'3senP'er . 1 0 0 00 1 0 0 11 1, . To lrncl trds Divi.sion on "SVI'Tl}:r,Ett 0eaches 8S it ·ras lnY1neo during this rel-iearsnl !O'lld be to i'1vite rl:i_s~ ster i.(' tre i:mom:r sl 011lrl counterr-ttack at dr-iylight wHh /,0 or 5C' tnnk, . There is no doubt thrt the -=:uccess of the operation "rould b"'l jeopnrclized nor t.hr>t t},e loss o+> l.i+'e "nd mnteriel 'lOuld be excessjve . 0 11 5. (a) In my or1nion, ti,ere is i:;rPVe ne~d +>or 11cdition"l trr>i"d.no- to insurr, tJ, 0t AS'"'ault troop, ··ill be lPnded in cc,nc1 4 tion to "'Ccor1pli::ih their . m:isslons . I ,..ecOT'1.I'l8nd a r8herirsal. 1 (b) 'Pre corriwmd orgrni,rn.tion ~ s obvio1rnl;,r c efecti ve . The comnanrler of' the as"lm"lt T'ivioion hns the respons~bility f'c,r the assn.ult; he has nr-i:.it .or cow1unicr1tions, -1' 0 cil~ +,ies, nor :iccess to ,TP.vr l cor~mr>11d "'or j_nfluencinr the onoratj on rrior to landinfs. 11 1.r-'ni:; the nir;ht Gener"l ";lr,rl,: decider1 thrt hn "mnld not put on the pro rosed drop of the 50l;th Inrn.chute !n"rn+,ry Reg~rnent "n thA ·e0rlv 'iorni.m; of D day anc1 thPt insteocl h,., ·muld drop it ,·,jth:1.n our o•;n l:ines on th8 riight of D da.y. The rlecision to "'/"1 1·e the 0:ror i:rith:in our o·:n 1i113s v'lP.S sub,i ct to reconc;iderPtion i-1. crise the G-=mer;:-1 kter considerecl it un..,ise . 0 /1. t 0~30 GerierR 1 Luc::i s arri vx1 , in res:ronse to Gr.mArR 1 Cln.rk I s surrimons . GenerP 1 Dev"?rs , Gen0ral G.9rrJTI0ll and Generr 1 Roo}"1 nl,:;o E>-rri V8cl . nd hPd a brief tall: "Iith Gener"l Clrir1c. Ge11errl . Dev9rs tivm lef't -~ith Colon0l Hrrrj son rind Lt . C:ol. C"mphell o+' 11is r.ePC1qu~rtqrs to visit T.'rench Corrs , nnd Grmer<>l GR"'1"1Cll vrent with Cantain L"mpson of General Clrir:V 1 s stl:!f'f to visit 10 Corns . /1.t 1030 G0119rri1 Glar 1c c ecorr>t-,c1 '"'2 rien ,rith tGC I s, L<~gio·"s of "erit rnc1. Silver 3tRrs . Th8 cerewon-r trok r lac9 in the I'1endo1·1 in f'ront of the Chief of Str f'f I s V'ln ,,;j th a 1ruPr~ of honor , i;onsi sting of R co"1p1rny of th::i 101st MP Br>ttn.lion and the Fj_fth ArT'ly Band . ':'h9 o"'+'icers "'1d n"m to b"'l r1 9corrted included Colonel "lutler, 'Jnn in commnnc;. of th9 1/.i-th Di-rision , Lt . Col. Denholm, Bri~ . Gen . :ilb11r p7.rl Color,el Krimmerer . 1 I},en tJ--9 off·i ccrs [" ·'lrl 119n to b8 rricor..,ted v10re 1 �assembled General Clrr'lz, icrho vms About to go to his rositfon in front of the men, saio to Captain Be/'.1.rcvrood in P cor,m::cncl tone, fl Get dovm there E>nd strmd up with tl-•ose men to be decoroted. 11 Ca.ptt ~n BeRrdwood rlid not \,n.0 ·r thPt the eve11j ni:; before papers hP.c b9en comrleted to 1T''Jard him r,nd Cpl. Tn-,,nenbaum Silvnr 3trirs t:'or rr.olle.ntry At the Selerno lenr1 ing for bringing ashore vitally needed signAl eauipment . · He sair to GrmerPl Clr-rk, "'1JhPt did you say, sir?" 'i hereupon Genriral Glarl,c said, flDo as you r>re told" . C::i.ptain 13e~rdwood went do·m and stood with the men to be decorPted Pnd received his Silver Stnr at the h~nas of the Army Commander. 1 1 In the eveninFt, Grmeral C:l11rk hr,d t,·rel ve dinner guests. They included most of the hi~her militPry leac'ers o.f tre r1e0Uerr,.,nean the.?ter. Before going to d.:i nner the !'.:;nests met at the hut. Tresent ,-,t th0 dinner, in 11.ddition to Generals ClRr\: 811d Gruenth8r, were: From IY'J, AC 1 lF, Generals AlexPnder, Harding and Lemnitzer; from the Perliterranean Fenfquarters, Gener2!s Wilson, 1'evers, Gammell and Hooks; froq the Air :F'orce, Ge11er~1s Eaker, Crnnon o.nd House . The dinner, 1 rhich was s0rvr;d in Gen,ernl Clnrk 1 s unpr9tr-mtious mess shnc}i::, l8st8d over P'1. hour and si..,ortly therePfter, · Pfter returnin~ to the hut, the guests ,1 eparted. * * CA.)~RTA--JAHUARY 20, 1941.- -GenerPl Clark depPrtecl from ris ac~w,nce corn.mrind post at 09.30 this morn 1 ng and flew to II Corrs Heac1 ri_uflrters, where he conferred crith GenerPl }(r,yes, the Corps CommRnder. Returning by cub, General Clnrk arriv':!d bac1.r at hi:., Heaclqunrters at 1130. Instend of us:ng the sm11ll Caserte artillery a.irffold, Q9nernl ClPrk utilized n n11rrow roR.d in the comFrand post area as his t2l:e-off end landine; strip. TJpon his return, he conferred with Colone 1 rhillips, Public RelF1tions 0fficer of Allied T.'orce Feadqw,rters, rind Lt. Col. Clark, thE:i Fifth Arm~r FR(. ~rot Jrno,virlP; the stPtus of tbsi co:rnn.and o.c> Oreration A"TVIL, Col. Phillip:: had ,-.rr.:itten asking th~t Colonel Clork's services be turned over to him for a special operP_tion . GenerRl Cl11rl:, lmowinc; thrt Colonel Fhillips "!PS referring to A~flIL, the vory operetion thnt he is set up to comrr1rnr1, t."lked over public rel8tions plans ,·•ith the t.-,o public relPtions officer"' Pnd agreed to detach Colonel /J1Pr 1" for sp8cial plr-rnninr: for Op:"r"tion A',TVIL r,bout Fehrl1?r;r 15th. The Fifth t rmy Gomrnr>.nner i:i lso dj scusserl i: ith Colon8ls rhillips Pnd ClR_rk the release of informetion concernin<; the irrmirn:mt Operation ::mr'TGLE . He stressed th"'.t it must be brought forcibly to thP- rnblic I s attention thPt this is a Fifth Arny oreration, an integrnl mil.itr-1.r7 pnrt of the rusb Plong the, present front. Colonel Fhillh,s P greed to :3tre::s this f,:, ct in "'n on-the-recorc b,, ckground press conf'en=mce thAt ,fill be h0ld tomorrow. Generri 1 Clr,rlc noYr ['lens on takin:; two correspondents vrith him r.boPrc' the FT bo."t on D dny, one P.merican c1nd one British . 1 Generr:il Glrr 1 hr;d Colonel,:, ihill"ps Pnd ClArl, , flC'.' ,1is luncheon r-;,J.ests . Pollo,,inr llmch, G/'.mernl Clark went -into A. co>1f'8rence ,·,ith Q~ia~rrls Gruenther end BrRnn, and lPter they "rere joined by GfmerRl Luces. G'en8rP1 Luc8s had COJ'l1e f'or a lnst TT1jnute '-:ord from Grmer-:;1 Clr>rk before r;oi11g jnto "TA.plGs to board the vessel th11t ri1l tAke him on C'rerrtion 3IIrfGLE . 1 �"As " rr:sult o-f' tho J.rmy--~f:'VY ccnf8r'"3nC'3 ye'1t8rr!ry tc i1'1V:c,t:i.g:c.te misr,rin~P""Tf1Gl1t ci,..,f'l loss o+> 8auirra9'1t nn.rinO' r9herrsr>l of "r' i)iv~"'ion, rrPcticrlly f:11.1 ro:i.nt'1 ;n il_1.J.8Stio'1 ~mr9 r1 ~"'CUSS(➔(1 0 n/ srtic-f.-,ctor;r ,olntion'"' Prrived c>t •rrereby these S8.'."19 errors . ouJrl 1-ie r1in-'mized 0 ,1r-'11p; tr9 orer:>tion. I lir->ve t:'llked with G""nrir·l T,ucPc; tJ.i-'s rintr>, r:dor to 1 js r1 er'1rt1J.re +>or the "3hip, "nd l e is rtis.-.i0d tJ,-,f't evnryt1-1 ~nr; h"s been rlnn9 b-r the •·pvy to fr,c~.litrite the l::i.n,li nP' . GenPrP 1 Truscott has bee"' ~0ver to t 9 Biscr->yrY3 --~th f' sn°ll nurnber of ris :::tn"f . I hn.-re ~n:f'crwid Gennrr,l Luc"''"' tlrt I "'ill <1.rrive rt r1 out oqoo 0'1 D clay at tho iscn.'1'19 ·"or cr-ri.+>ere'1ce yd or to go~ ng ns'10re if tho tr> cticnl situr>tion p9,,.nits . 1 0 1 tt'l'h:i fr ilure o+> tl-i.0 .,ttP c1 0-0 t 1,e /"iStJ~ "'i.v-' don to reacb its obj octive r acrO"S t e Lir~ Riv'"'r t0Hr.rr"' tli8 Sr-ri .Ar11,,,.o,...,.io ,ms ri.11itr:i [1 ½lo"!. J '."'A.'1 +>e8r+'ul th'lt Gr:me:r~1 ·'rT1'8S"\"!Orth hric a "'9ntr1 .,,..93n>•vntio>1 ~s tc t)l() or;sjb-ilities o+> ciuccess o+> bi.f> or9rr-tion. Tt "08'llc to 1e r.n inh"r9rt nrr>ctj ce ,•j th liim to ttPc"k ·lith r1;nirn1m •·orc9s, ··itb the -,...esrlt ti~,t 9 ~3 re 11lserl ··ith 7o,ses, 0111 11 to "1£1 1,,.e :'.t '1.ecessPr~r to se<1d ;n r·erviPr "orcgs 1Rt"1r to do tl-iA c-,9r1e ,ioh. It is thfl 1uestion n+' "si::nrlino-.., ½ov tn r1o £1 "'l""n's ,job". Ie id tie <:!p"lp t},-·'1.,.. i11 +,he ratt,,c'· on ..mmt Gedro, ••·l--,-,re 0n9 or t· o cornp nies Fere se"lt, re:rulserl, anrl a l<>rger "orce sent in to c'o the job. ~ flP.n to TI Cori's, +'0elinF th,.,t ' t vrPs necessPr;r to d;sc1 .J.S" "!~th G'"n,.,...,,.,l i' 0 ye:s -1::,},P. results o+' this +'pilure, for " 7 +,1101 1 :~h t A 1,Sth Affort •-rc11lc Pot e11.+,ir9l· 1 "VA ·n rotect9c• ris lef't f'l['nlc, itci f"i1ure •·oul•' l_9r•ve :it Antirel·r uncovP.rerl r1ur:i. o- his crossi,,g o.o tl·e R"pj do Pi vnr . As e. res11lt o+' ny con+'ereYJ.ce 1 1~ tb K•Jyes, J h;:iv9 r;ent thP- -"ollo d·1p- clirectiV9 to Generrl r·ccr0er;r. 1 "I s0nt !}-"n.er"'l Gr119ntrP.r lw rlPne to see ''cCrnery, ho feels th"t the <>ttn.c 1 ' o-1' +ho Y)th .,.,ivi::don } ~ci little chm1ce of rucce"s on. ncconnt o+' tl--e '19nv r ,,ef',msj ve riosi tion of ti·1e A1:l.8"':r ..-•est o+' trr:i Re...-i_do. t rr iDt" in ti,,,.,t ~ t ·s 0SSA'1tiqJ_ t}v,t, T T•r 1 th..,t rtt'1C +'11lly A:;mect~_nr: }19QV" losses in order to 11.0 lr1 ,, 11 -':,] e trooyis on n:r ~rn'1t Pnr7 c rr.,. roor0 tn .· t, thPre i...,; cle~r-' nn- t},,, •·1ey f0r pr;GLB. The Pttn.c'r -~ S ori . 11 ri, _r "l. ::n orclAr to .c,rici.1~t<"lte th:i nttrclr o+' tre ''\J: ,0 P,iv9r ,, jch 'ill be eP11n b•r 1) 'J II Gorrs rt ')oro 1 cnrs +,l'is rnte H i"' di.rc➔ cterl i:,l,..,t the !"1S Divi cio11 bo ~ ssued ., n--;trur:t:1.0'1S '3 Pollo S: r !!• rro ½rvr:i t,.,o PC\ P.ri.p;Pd8 f'ni,.,:, .., cross~,,.1 0-!' the G'?IrrLIJ'PO Riv,9r to11icrJ,t 0 0/0 1 ;rn-ri1rr:r, in tb'l 1rrne Pren"" t,J-,nir rrs~ul_t o·" tlii:1 r:vor ·-r0 C'''11111.ct9rl ri rht 10/')o ,Tqnurry. ..--,V9-.CY effnrt . ; 11 be, 1"1'"08 to ; ,,, iC' +,c, thPt th;s ·•ill 11e q lrirse-scn1e oro ·sing . ]2. Fold onP brtt;lio<1 0f t'1<=i l . N Bri~"de rPndy on c"ll f'rom the Co 17 nin.n. inn; Gener"l, II Gorrs, to ''K'VP, i.11to tl-e ::>re" ''et •e9n ''a-'vcrr LIRI ~nd •i ver G".,,..igHano ( c,:_,nter of r>reR. GO.>S71?7) tC' -rr0t9ct ti,,,, left of II Corrs. '],is 7,n-':,tnlio·1 1 ✓ill not 1-ie usAr'l to r::-:;s.nult tl 's locriljt•r, but •·•i.11 br:i mow1d thGre tr relj e~_r9 r battalion of the II Gorrs vrhich will heve prcw5 ously occupied the area. �£• Be pr epr r ea to surport by .(>ire the II Corps f' t tPc:lr . netr,ils of this supportine; f'ire to be arrrnw~rl betv"A"1 the Cor1ririnc1 -i11p- GPr10r~1c;, '<')th J)jvision (rJ. 3 . ) rnd /~6 Divi:::io11 ( 13r) . "2 . II Cor:rs hrs hnen ,-:i11.t,l orized to ''moke 01:Jser v'l-<-ion south of the T{iver LTRI in zonn o+> 10 Gorrs . 11 FolJ.o•ri11r' tln ri-ieti:np; ··it:-- G"'nGrrl Lucr>s , Gr-,'1 errl Cl.,rk n,ceivnc1 his Jude;e l\rJvocr>t9 , Colonr:il ' 1ickr:1Yr::-iit . A dert' "'Ant0nce 1"'or t 1"0 Tt...,li"n::: -Pound r,1:lty o.,.. 9SfiO"f'C'9 hrs b,9e11 decrP.ed hy G"'ner'l Al0·,cfl 1Y1 nr, "'1d G·3rter 0 l Clrrk is crPrP,'Gd ·ith r.in. 1dn't -nl.!'.!'1:0 .f'or t:1e e:recutior . Th0 t•'T() :rt~l~pn, nre to go be+>ore a f':i_rinO" sound !"t 1000 tomorrow . T11ero 'ill be no rictu:re-:; ::--nd no WEIT corre.sronc011t~ pre::;9·'1t, b11+, r y11hlic relr -J:,j ons o"""icer vri 11 brief the corresr,ondents concerning tb11 e'recu+ ion . Lnte 111 t,J-,e ...,.r-t0rnoon Gen0rPl IJL..,r 1..- ::>lso co:nferred ,.,.•th Ge,..,nrr1 ''or,qn C0'1.Cern:in17 s~ rtnF 1 rr0hl 0"']', on. Crer,n+.ion <"'FI'.GLE . * * * GA::r"'-qTA-- .JArWAR.Y ?l, 19/J~- - Aln1ost bAfor0 be '7'1S out o+> b8d tris "lorri~ng, Genern l (a.,.r1 rece5 vecl P JFte · ,.,te 7.lj "9nc..., ;~ei ort 'from Colo11el HonPr'' . The ,;: ·ertl er todr.y is C;Oorl , •ritb orily 8 "'ll:ir,ht t,!:lzo nt nbout 10 , 00C' feet, ~no the i•y1 ic· t~cns Pr<'.J t'y,+, the •19pt,]-,nr <ill bP ,~it]:-, tl A Fifth Prrrr:/ nhrm OrerA t70'l. "",JPJGTZ'a i..s lannched ePrlytomorro" nor.,..,~11P". Colonel 1io•rird 1 s rr,Tort 1 sho'l''S th..,t tLe G0r'1[1ns nra d,il1 r0,i11.forc:lnr: c c:n ~n the Cr ssino-Rer-ido (}r,r:i.p-l.in.no "'eeion, nnr'l t js ~s f'l1. -;.,,.c]jc"ti.011. th£'t tl-e GPr"lPns ,<-·.-.e -f'rlE:nr; +>o:r tl is ""ove to dra:v troors "rorr. tl10 ·ireR. ~hPr8 the 'T J"'11,... ~ .-orce ·d 7.1 inv"d8 . 0 '::;hec1{in[l' ovnr 1'.' t rn~ nute rlr'ir ' Gencr<' l s1~r1✓- cori-f'errPC' "nr ~ O"'" trnn >1onr cluT.; '1c- the morn-; 11. c- ·-ith Gnnnr"t. ls (}ruenther f111.cl Brr nn. GrmAr~ 1 :'r nn y•ill he PCCOT"P<'D;T7 n (1-c,nr>rrl GlPr 1 r tn tl1 e ·in•TGL~ hP"crread -~0P1orro , "nd G"'1er"l Gru,.,rither 1ill b<3 rnr."in·nr rt "'·ftl1 Army J'e-vlqu..,,rtnrs . "l,.., I G0nerrrl Cl..,r~ receiverl GenPr''l Gu 7 llnn!'lA, Co,.,"'",..,ri'1P' C1n'1ertil of th'3 '1-ouris . GenerPl Gu"lltur1, ?rriv"!rl. in Jtrly v03tercry , "nrl 1,11 ·ill be ioinin~ G nerPl ,Juin 11 stRff . G0ner,l c1~r'r rl~CCTY'ed ··iti /}011errl Guillruri9 , vrho FPS r· r>cor'lpr>n-i.9(' to +,\-i9 Grmerql 1 9 '/"1n hy Gc:ine-r"l 1lc:il1Cl9r nnd Colonel Sr ltzr1Pn , tl-e emplo~1T1ent o-f' Go1mc; R.lonp- the I'i fth Arrviy fro11t . 0 Follo•·i11'1 the G11jllR' 1 "'1P c,~n.-"r"'·1ce , G"-'ner..,l Cl"rlc r0cejvocl his Iub1ic P."ll[lt1011s f .(>f'icer , Lt . Co • Cl..,,...,,, to obt, in , r9J ort on tr•e nr9s"" cor,.-9rence thrt G';'18rPl ~1il-,on held tl ~s =orn~11:-: ~n th,=i Crsertn. J.-,Jpce . Colonel Cl::irk rero-rt9r t},nt r'ren.er; 1 11 :i lson €;[''!'< t 1'19 corresronr1 P.nts 8. I101'8 or le" '3 detr- ilAd • .t:> • • "T,., b rl.P.Llng on n perP +ion ,,•T '"•-'·' ,qnc, + l' T,[C))'J tbn+, trjs "'lPS a h'ifth ~rPly,., OVl vn ( , fl. (iff\T9lor,,,'3rt o-"' th9 rres'3nt r'l"'t' UT' trn Liri Vr 7 l8y tow1rrl Ro-,,,9 P.'1d th.ot the f'j c.rhtj ng cnmmanrler 0 .. tri ':: S-r:9ci,"l or0r"tion "OUld be C'w1er;, 1 c1,~rk. G9rerr 1 CJ "r 1r '1 l"lo 8rrrovod [' srec~.., 1 C01"JT"U'1"; QU') OY\ CDP.rev on sµ::• GL~ th['.t Hill be re19,'lSecl tor.1orrow at "hPtev9r t 1 ''IA ~.s r1 0cic1 e0 ur,011 '1y G"'neral C1Pr1c. Anothr,r Morn.; 11,,. caller 11:-i.s GoJ . f'-i c 1re 1· r it , •·rJ:-o 00'1-r'i=~rrerl , rj th (},3r.0rP 1 Clur r c~ncer~~ nr: r-:mr:l D'' con-rt ,.,.,,.,rti --1 er ses . Th8 t •ro It" liPn -=-pies mentio11ed yesterdn.·r '7ere e'recut'3d rt 1100 l'01lJ'S th:i~ "1(Tni'1.P,. As Ms lunchPOYJ. ';Uest �General Glor· had r:S j. Gen. La-~ell ! • Rook", G-3 o+> ITeorlqurrt8rs CentrPl 1'.edit9rrR.n3.'1"' Forces (h0re:1,yf't,'3r T'P,ferrerl to r.s rn J\CMF, Gsmorrl r11s011 1 s 1 He'l( qu.,rters 9nd t]:,9 --;ncces::-or to A'i'Fn) • Ge>Y>r-:il Clnrl, c i sc11.'1s9d Yith f}nnor91 11.ooks the or"['niz~tio'1...,l l·iero.rcby E'S jt <'rrlies to TtPly. Gener9l G-rwmther ioi.n8d n-~11._.,r,.,ls 'Jkrk [Pl.rl Roc 1'"s ~-'1 r r i.scussion of orgnnizntionnl ~-,,.o')l8"1S "t th8 l1J_ncheon table. Durj"'f" the d'1.V Lt. Col. Sutho.,...1,-.nd .,,,erle J.rr::t r,innte rlrn2 for the depf'rt·1re nt 05(1C'A to~,orrff' of' the Fifth ~ rm:r C0"1ffi:'1nr1 er rn0 l1j ~ str>ff -f'or th9 re,a,jon of np0rPt·on t·TT,GLE. (}0ner...,l C;l,..r1· 'rill r;o b7 c~r to t}on to'm o+' CPstel ,Tolturno, borird a stor~ i--iort tr"re rnc' 0'() a~rroyj,11,ntely 1,000 V'f'rr's ·r,-,st the TTJOUt}, of' t}ie 'lolt11r'1.o 1-iere re "ill bo,rd the TJ • .-. • ·r!""IV'r rT llo"'t 1?01 ,nnd thAn speed nortli unler" --irec-i,-,1 t'1"r cover to the 'iT-ITJ\Tf'rL"L~ corriP-rv'l. s1,·r, the T"3isca:me. In th""J ln.te ,;1J't ,rnoon th8 G,..,nr,rri 1 receiv8d . ., cnll .('ror" Joe r;. Bro :m, Lefty Gor9z, '""rer1 Corcor;,n, Jrcv Shrr '--9Y ::ind 1, jor "ovotn;v. TrP Pirst four rnu1ed r,..0 t011ri'1!! tJ19 t,rcPter 9n_t9rtr-irdn-; <1oldi9rs. ThA Gr,ner8.l "8.S photogrFnhecl ·jt,h ti is grour w} osP vi--iit ""'PE' rP.nder9cl so~,-31;,hr-t r1 rf'mrt--:c hy t!-·'"e fPct t1'rit 'r. Bro..m's son h,ic-1 bf=Jen k:il --id i11. "ction jn th8 South T rc:fjc, wrirl "r. 'lrovm hrs cont~nuou::,ly devoted !-'in ti""e s_.11ce thrt v0nt +,oh-is rerform::,,·wes "s 9. ,~or~cl:i.nn for m0Vih"'rs of the nrriec' forces. 1, 0 :-:r the enrly eV8'1.iPr -1)18 A.rny Co"'lr-i,.,nder for :'1.S9rt::1on ~n his d"Pry: 11 fj ctr>ted the follow~ng r1 rt.,.,ri<>l :•atters "cc11.pyin,r. my Ptte'1.tion ,ri,...,rr:llv tor<>y ···ere [IS follorlS: t1As ·ws P 1t-iciyiR.t8d, henv•r resistrmce ..,.rs 11co·mtn.-rec1 to th8 '.3'1tr Divisio11 cro·1si11u cf' tl e Rrrido R:'...vor. ~cc1;1.rqto rme!'ly Prtjller'r .t>-'r0 destroyed brirlp;9s PS thwr ·nr9 9r9ctAr'. It 19c,.,r,., nece3sPr;v, 71:ter in the c'ry, tc ··it},r1ra,·r t,i1 e l/,3rd, but tl, 0 lL,lst, north of '3Pn ~1,~010, I"['--:nt,.,iY1.e0 its -rcsitio1;., nn.,1 r,·"'fOJ~ts to r0i11"'orce i+, 1••pr8 t~ tr ,.G r 1 rce t ~s rf't"'rnoon. ThA lL~Jrd v•As to an across ::-c;r"n r-it 1600. T hr>VA tr-i.l1'9d -,it,J-, I eyns prr.1 :rot o'1ly ~resterdr>y but tode:r d:irecteo h':n to be11d e1nry e·"f'ort +.0 ~et tn:•., 1·s ",-,a knl: cle~tro;trers across rromrtly. 0 11 Sorie "('VnJ1~03 118re nrr1o north [''1<'1 south. I look t0 t,i-.,..,t rittr'C 1 " to hold U 1 8 1rd J ;:,nzer G-renN1 i8r J!j_v:ision on thrt +>ront. :'." t'l sn looJr to co1 tinuf'ti.on of.' tl-ie attf'c'· b•r 10 Cor:rs to l107 cl the !-0rm11n Go9ri'1g, 'J9th f''1d 'l/"th Div=.sio'1.s :in pl"C9. It is o1,viou;:: to re rio7 tb,t t e he0,ry 0-.ie111y r0i:"l"orcer1ent o-f' the 1 Gnetn area ,fls c ue to ~~ s :rnp~essio,1 tl:['t t 0 f!ros::,inr; o-"' the Gcir:i ,.,.liFno Rjvnr io1 1ld bo cnrnb 4 riad ·ritl·, 9'1 Pmfhi.1)io11s lrnd:nr:- i"1 stren~h in GPeto Bty. 111 Te hrve no ind:.c" tio,-,,~, !1.S yet, +,r t t 1y, 0 Pernr l,f'V8 cl i ,3cover<;r1 tbem. In ·"?ct, there n~p no 4 nc'icntioriG o"' "1"1'T 1rind thrt rn 1·no·"J~ of our ~v~'TGLE lrndj_l'}P'. T 9Xf8Ct dur;1,s:i; -1~1 8 n.;(;rt 1 '18 will i:u,t SOJTI': ·rord of A. sl·ift in riG c'lis0 1 �rosition tc mnet this attP c1r -Jj th r1ore stren~h . TPl1'ed ,. :ith G- 4 rritr r81s~r<1s is ..,b~ ljty to urrlv the lrn_ ~ effort of the 1i'-ifth A.rViv shnulrl r-i rr,-,ic7 one'"'ly 'lith rP"Tf'l tnke rlri.ce . 0 "I hrve Put}1 orized hi:n to ~:i..-,n to trike truc 1:s +>ror, all units not directly enr-;"' ged :in t11e fo llo"-UT' . TrJlced 'Iith Brann ,,jtJ1 rem'1rc1 s the r>ror.Tess of hj_s,. 1;lnns for :i raricl followup of ·"''1 enemv ,rithr1rR.vrnl Pnr· t},e rossible utilizntion of 7 revburft 1 s 'Tew Ze:=>1'1nd Divisio·1 Fhen we rercb .tho Soprrino ~'rea . 11 Routo /!7 anroers to be out of the qur>st:ion, r>s the "'lnin rur~uit route . Innunr1 ['tiorts jn the rirl"shos anr' tl,e m['ny c11Jvert3 Pnc l:lridr;es in th['t Rre.o, ,·rill ,,.enr:ler it unusn.ble . Ho'·•ever, •··e 1,71.ll use it if possible . I hRve directed the Chief of Stnff , in m;v nbsence on SHINGL"S , to direct corrs to fo110'"l up V1.e P.l1.8T'1;T relent1essl ,r -i_n the 8V9nt of [' nithdrnyml. Discussed vrith r•tt the :'irct comf'!uninue . it clearod by 15th Army Group ,s -"ollovrs: 11 Har• I 1lritisli r11.rl ~rnericrn troops of {}e-ner'"'l Clnrk 1 s ?if'th Army lPnded eRrly t,his r,1orning on tb0 vrest COP st of ItP ly d9ep in -the rear of rresent eneriy "'ront l 4 ne ros:i.tions . ·raw 1 l"lnd -:i;_r -'-'orces c1re :mpnorting the ground troops. 1 1 7 1 The l· nc1ini was coordinf"'ted vrith strong rttricks ½y other n..11its of the ifth Army, :incl,1ding Briti"'h , •--rcmch and ,.,,,,3rfoan , in the LIEI Van,,iy. 'The nm-r.hibious r.ttncJ,. began before da·:m vrith Allied troops o+> the Fift],, Army ~o5_ng ashore fror.1 landi'W crroft nlong a beach front extending severPl mil9s fro '1 north to south . Br 4 ti"'h Corimrmr1os and AViericrn R;:ingars , re pPrtj_cjpntj 1r in tris assault . 1 1 ' The operations in It8.l~r are under the clirection of GAner::>l Alexancer , Cor'lmander o:" tl~e Allied Ce-ritrril 1".editerrrnerin Force (fornerly 15th ,~rriy Grour) . HI will try to rr>0io bf1c1" Ford to relerose H by 1000, rrovidi'1P' s::.tmition is sr>t:i.sfactory in :-WIIJGLE . If no v:ord. j s receiver1 from me , Pnd othr;r indj cations rece;_ved by the Grief of 3taff indicnte th..,t the lrmc1 jng is successful, he will release i_t pt, 1000 . Discussed ·1itr G- 3 tre build-up f'or SHJTGI/~ . rrvr Corns hrrn sent in th,:dr priorities for tu_rn riround of LSTs . Their pl?n Ppnears to be too hePvy ·i_n servi0e troo~ s . Ho,·mver , 7,,,. tre sj_tm tion p,rr its, I "rill adhere to their re1uest, u+, '"'nould conditions aeem criticrl , I ''ill substitutt"! the 179th Comb,.,t Tew~ of the 45th Division for certoin ser vice 1mits . 11 0 * 1 �f .J.. > . ;:.,.. . l:l., \ >' .... ~~ C, ,, " ..... . , u �311 ~ f'<'-°'Ji.s,.{.; ~ Ci SERTA -- JJl'TF~RY ?:1 , 194/+--In the snnll ho 11rs of J"lo rn _, "' land~nP' bep;nn to come in by rar'io . A courl8 of' rAr-rP.s'3ntritive on quoted: t:: ,,,_ At ()1C'5 t}ie ·' "'ollo"1in~ :r,essrige C"J11e in from GeY\eral Luca~ , Con,rrr-,nding VI r:orrs . As ['_ c iriosity , tl e orip;h1[' 1 of th" cr--,wmtional code bet"'een the GenArrils is quoted: 1 1 \ \ I \ I 11 "7eE'.tb,r clei•r , sea calm , little '"'inrl , our presence not discovered . inr.:s in prop-ress . no reports fro.,..., lA."'Jl i ngs yet . 11 11,nd- At 0'310 the -f'ollo T1.'1P' arHJ.tio 1Pl w~ssnge crrme in: 1 1 11 La.11dino-s '1fper,r to he rroc8cd 4 rir-; on schP-duJ.e . First troops hnvr., hit beach . 'To reports fron lf'nrPn("s yet . TrooT'S lrve 5tnrted to lr:.nd o~ yello·v 1,en.ch , red beach rind green beach . n At apnroxi"TJfltel:,r 0S00 the Generr>l left Ii.is co1°mr>nr1 T'OSt ::>nc1 joined G8ner1:l Alex8nder nnd. other stnff of'ficers nt the ralPce a11n w:mt to Castel Volturno -rhere the rest of tre pE>rty hacl n lrP-:>ny embarl-ceo. f'or the ITs . The rr-irty consisted of Gen8rPl GlRrl-c, G'meral A.lexa;1der , n-e,19r} :fouse, GenerPl Lemnitze,,. , Gener::il Brann, GFm"rril Do11ovnn , Lt . Cr;l. Lazqr , T"t . Col. 1nt~9rlnnd , Lt . Col. ells, ~'n ior .Tack-son, GA.rt~in Portunr•to nnr1 Lt . "9erl, USllT. T}1e rPrt-r ,.,,,mt to +,he fT T-loPts JJ')0l , ')16 P'1d ;::>1~, w•1d tb9 +'lotiJ la stnrted north -f'or Anzio nt 0630 just as thAr0 1 ·'AS liP-h_t enoucrh to 899 th9 ·,1ay. r-. ~-rit-"ir9 escort of -f'our flf'nP-s had b0An rrovided by the YII Air Surrort Cor m11nr1 , P11d thP- flotilh ,rps not molested by enemy nir attr,1cks o>-i tr9 w<iy. Of'f Gercio Joint tho e>1g:ine on 0Y\9 0·"" the es cortinp; SpiV'ires ...niler'l, r>nd th.8 T'ilot ntternpt0d to lr,nd on t½e sen . rrn.,c,ortu11r1tely h:i c11J1;e in rt n.11 [P-letle thr>t was sliri:rtl:,r too stee:i:, dove intc tl-e water :md 1-iis rlnn8 irnrri.0di.'.'telv sank . On9 of' the 1T 'RoRt'i 11'1n the otrer three Sritfires soArched tre rir9[', l111t no sii:;n of' the rilot or r.l.'.'''le w:=i.s seen e•,:cept for A. pool of oil . As the Arrw Cori,.,,nnder »roceer1 erl toward ,'\nzio, he received a number of' bullet:!.ns f'rom G9n9rP.l Gruenther, relryinp; to Generr> 1 Cl;:ir1r nessoees sent by General Lucas . i\t 0735 G9ner"l Gruentrer rPdioed to Generril GlPrk, 11 r0 AT Gr.:LS Y,:,~T, G'l'J'J' <;J/1 JnE'I''l'~ , 11 "1h:i.ch , being tr9.nsl11.t0d mes.nt , 11 1-'o tn.n1-cs :,et ::,cro<Js the Rarido but th9 '3ril Div'si_on q,,d 1st Jivision att,,,c1<s 11,...e oini:; ~ ell." At Of-550 Gerr,rp 1 Gruent]-;"'r rr,c1 ioed thqt tre 15th r>11r1 7tr 111.,rintry Ref;i"1ents we:re r lmost on their ol-:l_jectives 11nd trrit tl1 ere wa:, no enemy orrosHion. 0 I I I l Th8 flotilla continuer1 to tre nc-,...tlmest Pnd ,,;t]o11t inc:ic1 e'1.t re~ched the Biscry,-ie 11.t 0900 . There , (}nn9rnl Glark "rent r s,.,ort t.;~e in the nrerotfon_s Room ['nd, ;vas n1er-ised to hear thflt tl·e Jrrl ;"livision 'JPS cor1pletelY ashore, n.nd one Brigrde of' the Br:;ti.sh 1st Divisio11 "fl.S .o.shore on its "-Vm heRches . Tbe RPni:;ers h-"'d successfully lrinded rind U8re occupvino- A'1zio 'fl; ch vms receivinq '"p0r9r ic ~hellfire . Ge11erri 1 Cl/'.lrK tl" ~n left the 'RfacAyn~ on h-i s l T r.nd ~rent ri s f'nr j nshore fl s the derth of m.tor ,··011ld nermit . Lt . } atterson , skirr,9r of' the t?0l , hniled 8n LCI(l) ,•rhicl1 continued OY\ toward ::ihore untj 1 it ri;ro'mded on r b['r . Grm9rr,l c1~r1r then \ hR5 led .ri r;:i.s:=d.11.rr d11"l(!v, tre rrrty trAnsferr8d to t 1 ;_s vehicle and so cr,rne ashore drvshod at trie junction of R9d 2.nd Gr8en Beciches v,here tre 3rd Division hf'd �1Pnr1ed . 'I'he br,rbor Tif'-l.S "ill9d 11 -ith -hirdnf)" o"' <ill 1dnc1 s , wit Li':I ' .3 c'i'='ChRrgina- "'+,111:1dv ·":iles ()n solr'l.ierc •nho ",er e VT'"'r1jn'; "Sl·or3 , t}·.-,i 1~ r-i-"l11s b-=ild "hOV8 tJ19 ,mter . Du};:,·1s pnrl oU ""lr vehicles ·1-re ''"'9in-o- 1 ml o:<>, 1 ed, qrir 9 on r"rnr s rind "'O'll•" directly into tre F ter, !->er"! t ey !'"n f'C'l-o-,,,e, ·t),,.,n1rs to t}.")ir Yl"t9rrroof inn; . ''\1e rie"ch YIPS nnt C' 11f.,.,st<>rl . -~i.r8 netti.na rPd lv"en 1R-ir7 dovrn on P :coqd le'"ld:i.nr :across ·!)1n c;n>y1 rhnss -l_:.o· '":Y' l t,h':l 1rd .,. ivisio'1 CO"'lM"n.d ro---;t . The (}r:ner87 C0T"M-nr1Peren. r j8PT', r:1r', it11 (1':)'1f't''ll T"nn, ,"'"ent '"'bo11.t n riilA ,--'1d 'l fl lf ::inlnnrJ. to •ris-it the 1rr1 r··visio'1. C0"1IO'"tnd ror;t ,~ere]•'") ccnf'9,-r~r 'ith l}r-nerPl Tr•rcott . Genor"7 t!ou"'A, r;.,,nArri.l Do"O'/"'TJ. . r r1 ot)1<>r -trf'-f' o-"fic r.s nrited fer tre GAn.9rri.l on tl"e ·he<>ch . Tiro 1-io.,..1:i-i11"' rn-:c s occurred, onA .iu"t before <>Y)d one dnr-;_ncr tre Gen0rrl ' s vici.t F,hore - 0'1.9 rAruJ.tjnr, ~_n bo,.,,h r1PT'lf'!"l'P tor f'lor,tjng r"l""fl r.nd anoth0r estroyinr P.n LC: . The G,.._,,y,rrl ' s i 0 ep r:-s bit hy a lPrge r,ntj a ;_r~r" ·"t 91-11:i 71 f',,..q rr,ent , ""'o-,,,ti111."tol:r ~,~ +,hout dr mR ;., to 9'1'T0"1e in the Ge11er"' 1 1 s pnrty. At a>Jou-l::. 1130 tre f10ner"l rr:turncd to tl e conu-rnrl shir, Riscr-yne, 'here he rnet GA"!.errl Lucas anri Ad1'"1irrl Lo'TI'Y l'l~r' conf""lrrcd ·7it1,, tiv~m for "or,,,, tiT"le . G<=m9rr,l D0nov<>n le-f't ..,ith 1 T .11?18 011 "'1 1.ndependent :r1.i."'sion, "'1d nt ll.OO G0ner"l Cl11rk arirl GenerPl Ale;:21n0er, ... ~tr tbPir -resr·ecti,re rnrt-ie", left on 1· 0 01 rnd ·216 . 0 0 At lL.07 Gene:;rPl r:1_.,,,.1.-, -f'rom h~s I':' BoRt, r1 isprtch,d tr:e f'ollo"i'Ylg '7essPr;e .,,ic'~ ~ms received ½y G0neral Gr1_1~11trer ['t 1515: 11 3rd Divis:ior r-,11 '1shore on initial obioctivc . OnP hrir,;"de l"'t British .:'ivision wi.th ci.rtillery "nn tPn}:s rsl'ore . Losses ljght . 504th JE>rac' utA In-r~11trv lr-11.r:B11g Pt trR -rort of nzio . Port of' Anzio co'1dition unkn.o"m. ChP'1.nel "Iill be sFept bv 1600 . 'Qeecr O'Ood for LCT onl;,:r. Irior·ities for fol10 1 v-ur: 1 to 11; then, ??; then , ?I+; followed by/_/~ to 54 inclusive . " At 1700 rours the pPrtv renc','3d tr11 r"outh o-r the iTolturno , here they were picked u h:,r tre storm bort3 r-11.r1 t,-,ken ashor0, ,-rr 0 n0e they return9d to the comm,cp1r'1 '""nst y ~11tomobile . Rm orts co---.ti '1U9d to rer cl' G0 11Pral Cl11rv c .. tJ-,e continu0d ~,icc'3ss of' ': 1 P'GL r.:, ½ut the G~mer"l -relt t½at ria::dmum pre?sure '!lust 1 1e e"ertnd ')y t:be Frenc11 Corr..,, II Corns r1 nd hy 10 Corrs ~11 orrler to ~ontnin, insof.nr r>s Y'Ossjble, th0 f'orces -ric'"J onprs-in!'.; tne Fif't"h Armv """- ~ts lo·,,9r "ront .,11,' rer'""jt t½e T"r-rirmm P~'nloitrtion of tre succ0'1s of :'-'I'rGL'E . If +.l1 e r:rw311ire si-ould ~JA relaxed on the CH~sino front 1 A.11d the GPrmP 1s sronld be..--r')J· 1itted to dis9,-,g['ge substr>11tio 1 forces, their orro\ sitio11. to c)p.,..nar.,~ '''onld t'l9CO""e rnucri heavior, ci r-1 the di"fi cult;t o-" cuttini;,; off , / 1rillin("J' or cn.rturi11.n; r-, lR.rge part of the GerM:on ... orces orrosi>1r, tie Fifth Army would he f'T"lP tl7 ~ "lcre." sen . 1 General Clnrk , upon l i c; ret,1.rn, co lled in (}enArR 1 G-ruentl,,er to exnl2 in to him ·-,1,,,t o h"n '""'.le,,, oTJ. th9 '11"01p·ir 1 r>nc1 to ,..et tr.e l.:"test ~,,.,-"orrrtio11 thr>t GP'1.e ral G-rucntl:ler rqrl received . 0 The Army Comr1Rmlcr r1urjn!"J' tl'e evening received ._., copy o+' the follovrinP- cr>ble to Ge110r" ls TH son and Alexander f'rorn t1-\e Co'"'lh,; ned Chiefs of StPff . RH 7779 . e are wr,tcl in~ yo11r hrirrl. b:1.ttles in :r:'ALY nith 1.mc1e-rc;tr'nc1 i'1J:; interest p,d 'li"h you 1 ev0.,,.v success in the c ririnr:; operr>tion (" r-rrrG1-i:~ 11 ) ,,iiicl you ."re undert,,.,Jrjnq; . 11 (},:mernl r.lerk '"'lso r9co-ivAd a cory of TT 71'5? "'ro,,.., Ge11~rnl ·-::isenho· er to Ge 11T'"l Ale~rr>nder '1 ich ren.o ns f'ollo:vs: ttl}oor1 luc 1( to you ,n0 (;VRY. I ~'ill )e wn.tchinrr tho r9y;or-ts "or tJ--,o r,:rePt ~,F:c8"S you dese,rve RY\cl ,rill obtl"in. 11 1 �CAS~RTA--JA~TTJAPY ?3 , 1944--Follo-:ini:; ri11. early rnorni-ri.g conference ·vHh GenCJrPls Gr11rmth0.,... .<J.nd Br2nn , Generr 1 Clar1<: le+'t his cor:mR'10 post to confer rersomlly \ ,Hh his Cor·p:=; Co'1nn.nders nlon1; th0 FFth J·rny front to str0ss to them th.<it I they riust continue strong -rressure "'f;C.i11.st tho 0nemy at nll costs, tr·us engagj_np: n r1rtxirmm number of' ,-ernrin troops nlon~ the rer;ulPr -l"'roYJ.t "'nd rrevent r->ny reinforce'Dent by the Gormrins f'rom the south ag" ir1st the SPI 1 TGLE beachhead . The Gc11.er21 1 s own notes on t}-iese conf'ercnces are rerorted n.t ti-.e end of today ' s cinry. I He ceF1rterl :roJ'1 hj s rnn1·e - ;.;i-:" +'t cub ruffcr['_y - th.0 ro['d in fro::1.t of his comrnr,nd -,~ost :_ r>t 0915 rmd +'low ..,~t1, 1 'Pjor 7.-,,prer to the II Corps comnr>nd rost near } res,:mzano . her0 ho co'1-/'.'errr,d -"ith !'1l.,jor Gen"r~ 1 Keyes cu-,_cern:ing the situr>tion on the II Corps fro 1t . RAtnrnir<:T to tl-1e II Corrs cub field Generfll Clrirk too 1<:: off f"'or VenP+>ro, anc' tl· we conferred with GeYJ.er, 1 Juin . He then flew hr> ck to tho II Corps +'ield 811.d left b·r car -rcr the 1":>th Division co!11l'1rtnd post northeast of 'i.r..;n:=mo . TTe rrirrle the trir "rith Ge'19r"l J<'eyes who jojn9c. hjrn qt the :d.rf'i9ld . Arr-tvi11P- nt tlie l?itr :Jivisfo,, com!'J.:-,nd post Gr>11.ernl Ch'r: ·;ent into crnf'er,,mc8 vith Ge110r.,ls fnl1':er , r; lbur and Keves ccncerning the sitUc..,tion alonn- the 11':,ti,, Di•rision nroYJ.t . Qc-,"lAr"'l Clnrk- had the rlensure of i11.""ormh1r:t ColoriP.1 Hess , ''rtill9r7 O"fj_cer o-f' the '26th Divjsion, th"t his YJ.f1"1e h::,_d been sent to +1-,9 "An,,,te f'o-y, con f'irr,irtion ?S P. '9rignc1ier Gener" 1 . G"}ner-il Clark- then h<rl lune½ Pt the 11Sth Divi..sion mess ~nd c;er,art,-,a Pt l:"'15 f'or the 14th Division CO:rJT'Jf:lnc'l post . Just rs +,he G9n.Arnl 1 s jeer, con:-riining Grm"'rol Key0s Pnd CPpfain Bearrh10od, VP"l nprroAchin,o; the ,j11nction of Firi;hm:i_y #6 and the road cuttin~ o"'f to S8n Pietro on the r· i;ht , t -ro lPrge forwtions of nl<>nes vmre see'1 flfrror>ch inr:; "'roc1 the souther-ist . T.111') cr w of ::>n A.nti-eircrnft P,1m •r::is looking the r-l~ne over l'l'j ➔~h b~noculrrs, "ncl Gen9rr>l C1Pr 1• wi1:1r>r1<:ed thr->t the AA crew didn ' t n':3ed to "orr7 ::i.bout b0nb:' nr; becm1'1e the G9rmr•ns rrobably were concentratinr- their effort'J on +,re 'HJ •n1E beachhead . Just B+>ter turning on thtJ rond to s,-,n I fotro, se,mrA.l 1-,or1b3 lit on a ridge just northwest of tbe tom . The boT1bs 'mre rlrorred by AJ"'ie:ricrm B- 0 t) 1 s, ~11.d Gc'1.ernl Cl::ir1,. -:vas hi ,,.hly in ignant . The bcm1bs lnnded rbout f'. mile from Gr=mer1"'1 Clrr1r 1 c:; jeep , but they sent ur such splFl.tterings of roc'k and cebris trr>t •\ jor Prout , GA'19r<>l Ryder ' s aide, ~,ho "A..s ·1aiting .,,t a cro-srorr'l apr:ro::rim:itely n hr.lf-mile awa:,, ''lf'S rit j_n th"."l J-,11."'ld b;r rock f'rag:cnnts . 0 1 I 1 0 Arrivi11.c; nt the 31.th D5•dsion conir1n.nd po::;t , G·"nerPl Clrork rer1'rked, 11 ·hr-it ' s ) the mn+,ter , Doc , I 1 TYJ entitfod to a 17-gun sr-ilute, "'Pd tho,e bl-.., steri bcmhers only gavs 1"'0 Pbont 8? 0 Gener"l Ryder rerorten tl-i::it th9t r>s th8 sec0nd time tor'lpy thnt Americrn ')ombers hr>d crorped t½ejr lo::in ½e 11~_nc the /1rir;ric"n li.rn:is . The slopes of •~ount Limi:;o hPd been lrmbed enrlier in the norn1np; . Ge'ternl Cl,-,r1<. sici.irl thr>t he vrould take tl1 e mritter ur upon his return to the Fifth Army col"!mnnd post . 1 Genernl Cl'"'rl< t·hen 'vent into conferenc9 nith GenerB 1 Ryr'iP,r nnd Gener" 1 Keyes . Colonel Butler , AssistRnd Divisional Gofll'1,"'11.der , ...as cnlled over , Pnd Ge118rnl ClPr'k i.n+'orTYJ'Jd birri t11at his ni:ime hnrl b0en ~9rit to the Senrte for confj_rriation r> s a 'Rri e::idier Gener::i 1 . G-:i11erril Clnr 1z then c'lrove 'v, cl· to thP- II Corrs ri irfj_r~ld '7:ith GenerF 1 K9yes and tool,,;: off Rt 11+05 ':'or a 1Pnc1 inP, st"l"'ip at Sessr Jlurunca nerir the 10 Corps TAC Hee.rl.·:pwrtArs . GenerRl Clerv.: then rlrove to the ~1ritish Co.,,.ps Ferirlqu"rters Pnrl con"'erred with GenerFl r?cGr9ery. Follo"l . . nf' this con+"erence '"Jith Genornl r'cCreery, GererPl Cl~rv.: orice np;r>in rrot into hi.s cub pl"ne Pnd +'le": br>ck to Fiftr Arny ::end- �qw=trt ers Rt Caserta, errivi_ng at 1505 }·ours . Fpon returning , Go"leral Cl"rk- irnmediFltely took ur wjth Gen'"lrfll House the matter of' the B- ".>,,) 1 s bonbi.np; beMnd our ovm 1~110s ::ind issued instructio!ls to assure that tr.9re rou1d not be f:' r9c1i.rnmce of such P 1:>rientrble incident . i The siturition -<: n the T<'i+'tr. Arr~:r ' s ne- 1 br:'.dgeheod nrea remr ins '3trictly in our fRvor . General Cl.<>rk's troops ,..,.,ve f"'nned out tc '"'~den the beachhead and , r.s yet , the enemy has mride no counter "tt;:ic1, . Air activity is on the incre"se . _The 1,0_ Corps briop;AheacJ F1cross t"be Gnrir:tliano Tliver i,:, secure ., Pltbou~r there fo despernte "'.p'G,},tjng juc;t north of r inturno . The II Corr,s front }s r1ost ACtiV.£_ ··,itl· t1ie 11-errnrns thro-rinr_: ver~rthing theY h...,V8 in nn ef-i'ort to y,revent Pny sizeable cro~s:i.n"' o th9 n_,,,:-ido River . TherP :is ::>lso 0xtenc;jve ?ictJvity ,.,Ion~ th9 French Cfo171sfront . 0 G8110r., 1 Cln,.lr confe,.red in t½e late 11 ft8rnoon vri th Generril Gruenther to in-'.'orm him of' t½e nrranr~eme11.ts thrt h:-ive been !'1Prle for ti--e flttl"'ck nort}, of C:->ssino by the lrd Alr;erinn ::,nd JI.th Aw~rj cnn f'ivido11s . The G8rn,ns along the Cassino line hflve not :ret sro"rn irny indicr->tion thr>t trey intend to ,·,ithdraw sizeoble numbers of' troops because of our 1-ie~chhePrl closer to Rone . Undoubteol~r the cmemy is wa~ting to cou- ter :-ittrcJ,. tJ-,e bddg,=ihe8d ·1hen he h:-as b11:i.lt ur sni'fjcie"lt str<':mrt h to attrcl: with po"'er . I ) As lriis dinner ruPst GenerCJ.l Cln· 1-c h9d Colo11el Trte , his G-4 . It WRS sonevrhat of a celebration , since Colonel Tnte hris ½0en recomr11ended for a Brir,Rdier GenernlcY. The Germrm co"1Yl11mique at 1600 today s~;y's ·1 n rr,rt: 11 In the evening rours of yesterda~r An::i;lo - Ar:iericnn troons lRnded on ½oth sides of t•j nturno on the Tyrrh8nfan coast . ~ountAr missions Pre in rrofI'ess . ThA Luf'tvmffe successfully rcided the c.,,emy lr nr1.j ng f'l ~et ••• 11 The Anc;lo J\.JJericr11. cori'7unique strtes tor"ny, n In ~~he lrr~e scA.l':l aniph5 bious operrtion in '7r'ich British ?nd" Arr.ericrin forces of t½e ,.,ift h Arm? were lnnded south of Romri , a ,mbst::>11.ti::il beochhead WAS seized. This ber>crhePi1 11P'"' ber-m •-;id-:med rind deepened . The thrust S9riously threatens the enemy l ines of communicRtion lecr'j no; south <JTIC e"'st to t e mfJ i.n bPttlo line • •• Arrnricnn troor s l,nve enlrirged their R<irido Riv"'r hridp-,:,}•epr'J. . 1 l 1 GeYJ.ernl Glnr 1 todav c ispr1 tchec' th~ f'ollo 1·1 inrr cri½le to Gener'l.l rr.ccreery. , R'T 751+ . "In view o-" success of' Orer:.,,tio;" "FT""GU::: E' 1-:wlut l-r essentir'l 10 Cor,..,s co"l.tinue attac 1-c tc secure objActjyes p~,w:tcusly r'esi';n, ted . '1:i.11 try to see you this aftnrnoon . Tine later. 11 0 General '::lar1c I s Hre the f'ollowinp: . Nm ·1.ot8s 011. torlny' 3 nctivi+,iPS, n.ncl th8 conferonces. he h;:,d , ~1trough dictoted thA ?/~th . ':'hey refer ririinly to the ;1Jrd : nyg:-;T"11.DfY 1 0 TR.TI - 'te"'tewl"'y, 011 the ?3rd, <>fter h"'vi;i.rr rAtu.,...n0d tl"e night rief'ore "ron Jhzio , ·,· fl9w· b·r cub to t11.e throe corr-s cor:1rnr1 ers E'nrl to the 34th r>nd 36th Divisions -"or conf~rerces . I iPJ:T3ssed ~ro·:1 tb<1 corr~ commP.riders pers011r'·1.l•r tho vitnl 11ec3,sity for their rJrivinP" •r>or11Arcl co11tinuosly in the , ttri.ck · north to ,.,.iVP the enemy no rest :..n 1:.~_s ro'"'sihle ·•r-i·';hr raw",.l rnd -in order thrt the two 8lenonts of t},9 Ti'ifth /\rr:1.y ...,,ir,-ht jo-i.n h9rids rit tbe sarlir-,st rossi'ble mor{)nt. 1 �L\ l from a north,··e,terly r'irection to the ..,sst f'roP" t1 G i,_..; r:;h r;round nortr o"' Srn F,li11 to crr,turFJ tho '3eb,,.,der3 ol:ii8ctive '"Jec;t of tJ->e :ilnpido River . Jui 1 , ril'73-;T> coorer,,t:..ve <''1cl "'-~:X1.0ll8 to do all e crl'l to furtr er the Fif'th Arr v ricture , renlied thr>t he could T1Ph~ r cliv j sioY1.<1l coordint=>ted ,ntt1°cv thG Picrning of tre ?5tl--1, or a h,c1J.:f'-nssed onP c0"'s i '"'tinr; of O'.18 r0gj,.,,ent on t'1e f"!orninP' of tle ':/i,th . Altho11gl-i. speec1. ~s essent-i"l , J .. ,_,..-:; ~''climid to p;:l ve 1-dm the delrl.y, A.nd .,,hrm T r1 erarted told him I would ,..,P_,,.~ rw decj 3ion r>ft er t11.l1-d.ng with the II Corrs CoT"rn'111c'ler pn_rl 11yder of the '3L~th, f'o:c I r1 esir"ld t'y,t the 1r-itt8r divisio11. r.tt~c'< to tbe "est on the bi½b F{round north of Cr- s,ino in conj:mctfon •'Jith t 11e Frencl' 3rd f lo;r,ri.'7.n l'i7i3io 1, attrck on Belvedere . 1 0 "cn•Tf',.-:R...,'rr,B . IJ'.2H G•~:...,..,.., '\L,... yr:•~~;, ' 1ALPR ~ ~m ~'CJSR - I hrd rreviously flo 1-rn to !<'eyes I Hen.c1riu,:,r~-::; t.N 'T!ornino; r'Y1 (li ... cussed this "'ith hirn . I then +>:.ew br c 1 to Xey9s R"l th0'1 ~ ent to c-;ee R:rrhr , vrho could h,c,ve ottr>.c 1crid ' last nj~J.it, but "n orlditio11ril ?!; hours r-111 p·_}v8 him r> better oprortunity to coordinate 11~::i Pttrick •·Jit:1 thA ~rench . ::: thrm rne(e the decision thrt the 34th Divisio11. ronld rttacl, the hir, 1 r:rou11d north of C1<ssino ton' r t , r.ionda._r the ?/1-th , anrl the Fre11ch tivision on its 11.orth to attoc1· t:re ne:':t norning t 0500 . I o.ir9ct0d the t,·:o cor.,..>s commc1 richrs !lnr' 'i i vis ionr 1 co!"lmano.ers co11cerned to ·7or1.r out 211 of' the necessrrr c'etails bot ·een t'rernelves . A.t t 1'is f'O'lI' , 1000 , tM_s has been done . Also directed GeYJ.i=,r9.l Keyes , i':t9r the conference vr:ith Gener, 1 Tel}cer a.t hio 36th Division co11na11d. rost , th.-t :Y,th Division r'1.'> 1.,.e c1'.e r10··1str1:1tions and ·"ei YJ.t crossino;s o·~ th0 "R.ar ido , both ln.st nir;ht and toniD'rt , and support bv fire the r.ttac,. of t're JL~th . ·hilr-, at 'lP1 1:er 1 s T{end1_urrters, h·1-d the co,.,,me,Y'0ers co,,c,:_irn9c p;jve !1"' brio:f' Accounts of thdr unsucce.ssfnl efforts to esta½lish nrl rn11-i ·1tr_i'1 br~c1 isehen.ns OV'Jr t.h9 ~.,pido. In decid:i_np; upon thAt nttack SOY'le tir-e A";o , I '·nR'7 it ·-roulrl be coitlv 1:iut ,ras -:.nipelled to go ahead •,,i. th the E>ttncl• in 0rnAr tri"t :r co11ld draw to tH s front all ro "sible Germw1 rev~rves -iri order to clFiar t1 e -.;n~r for PI rm::: . Thie:: WE'S 8CCorn:;:lisred i.n , rn."8'J'1ificent T"rnner . Somr; b1ooc1 h"c1 to be S!)illed 0"1 °·th9r tho lnnd or tlD "TI".'JGL-C::: -"ront, ;.nd I grortl-r ~referred t 1 1"t ;t he on thn Ra ir:o, ..,here -7e "rere sec rre , rrt!~er thrn <>t ~nzio ..,.:t,h t110 seri ..,t our bncl: . I r,lso directed Ke-res to rom•p-criiv~ tl-ie 3?'.ith Divfrion P.ml nt "n n.n.."opri ,..te t 4 "18 to be rre ~-rireo. to f1ttnc1c across the F.nrido north of 81:m ~--1pel0 ·,hen th9 '3/+th hnd 11ccor1pl:i hed their ""i.ssion o-:' seizi11r; tre Cassino l-i.jgh ""round . ·,e nust ~0t A bricl.n-0hefld. over the R[mirlo i:1 ortier to r"'r--i t ti-,e debouch9ment of our tnnk f'orc'3s i-ri.to t!:-ie Liri V"lley. 1 0 0 0 ~F'r'',\L C0f'r."TT'f:C•'rn,n• :r:'R0;1 'FT 1 GL~ A"?.EA - I <Jm a little r'isturbed ,.,t the lPck of r1 etn5lec1 norcl f'ro'7 Lnces . Co11rnunicrtj_o11s +>ror the '1isc"";me J:-,nv9 been overlo. dRd ,,nd hnd . ~To•• thAt Lucns i~ estr'½li,c:hr-,d. fishc a , ,..e hPVe good coT'1T1unicr-i.ti_ons, and I h<ive sent 1-ii"l th,:; follovrLnp; "'lessp·ro: mr 427. 11 Ioor communic"tion hRs result0d in my 1rno";in[f li+tle of :ronr ::::.iturtion. FleRse ans"mr th9 fo, lo·•rinr, riuesti 0'1S at once . Hor• fElr hflVP. your n,"trols "mrh'3d? fh<it <:ire vour ~ntentio'tS "or imr1odiPte operRtions? 'lhrt is 70'1r est~r,hte of ener1y siti..wtion? }Y'CJs0nt ,,rid rr9dicted unlondi'1r; cn.racity o+> Fort of Anzi.o? Cn.n r;-;"'S unloa0 dryshod et Anzio? Is won.th<)r effectjng nnlord~ng? 11 Luc[\_s r1urt be c1g""ressive . He r11nt ta 9 ...,m,o chrnces . lie nust 1.ic·e the 3rd Division to rush out . 11 1,oon. 0 "E'-Ff'l'{ IT1'1'f.'":"IO' 3 - I still hrivA no rositive -inc"icr,tions of enemy -intentio"ls . Heather is brirl . J hrve no Pir reconnaisnr'1ce. Hence, I do not know the clegree of' his retr0r;rrde movements lr~t ni~ht . I have r:Urect0d PttPcl·s �1 flnd r9cn:rnn.issn1t~e in force in order thr>t 1 0 may 11ot get rwoy 11:itrout o;i.r 1rno"119dp;e . I feel t,-,rt h9 is; ,rreakeninv, the line 4 n +'ront of us i..n order to na.ss troops to nr~et SFJ',TGL.B rmd destroy ~t i.f r:o ~sible . Anoth9r 0 4 hours , r9rhl'rs , rill give me a better ricture of is incications . "!ITH G ~TRt.L ·i;ccR~'EJ.Y, GOG, BRITISH 10 'J0RTS - After cons11ltation with II Corps ;rest0rdn.,, I "'lew "'or n. ccn"'9rence ·1ith Gew,r<'ll ncCreery. Fe was in the r-ror;ress o-" r,R1"inr; rm ,-,_ttack . I vms stprtled ··hen he told me thPt the Sth Division needed a 1"eek 1 s rest . It hlls bee-n borne out V,.,e nnc1 ti,.,,c., f'f::c in tJ,flt the British Co!"lrinnders require more :rest f'or treir troops th1 n are --:;iv9n the P erican units . Ther9 'ig no ti"le -ro:::- restin{s nt this crit:1cfll r9T'iorl in this all - out bnttle . Fe rn1rnd !"le +,0 cbrn~e tre bnundrirr b~~tween II Cor"'s and 1() Corps in r."trolling the Liri and the G,"'rigli£ino arer, . I denied 1--iis request but did autror:i.ze him to mov9 the bulk of the 4iSth Division to thP. soutr, but ;t must be resro'1s-ibl9 +'or the rrotectio'1 of its entire Pren . 11 CrT~~r:;·•rGi<; \ r;.-;;;· 'ltl\1.9 ""'R ~ ':IHT A''ffl "OTlJ\ N, cnr.o'T'":L I3C "T'!I\_ ·r pr--;, LT. COJ;;. crrifer--mcP., th~-,; r1>1.te, ' rith Brrnn, r~orPn, 'imitr, i:Ir-1_ . CoMr1f1'1da11t, ai1d Bo'·ma11 , "":nf'{i.neer, , j th rep;rirds to nirvinr, m·r forir•;:ird corwnanr1 rost to 1 resenzn.no . I hri.ve so much "',ressu.rA fror1 h-1 P'hP.r 1--ienrqun.rters to the re::ir and p= aetting so frir ~rom the b:ittlefield tr.nt I feel it essent:rl to move up . I hrive rli.rected th:,t th9 co!'ll11anr1 ro~t Of'9D in the '.'1.0"r loc.,,tion by l?CO noon on Thursdn.y, t}-,e ')7th . I hrvP- decided to reinforce S]P'11LB to t 8 mRxj'n1L'11 consistent ..,; th its surr ly. I vrill move the e11tire /,.5th Di v2-sion nround tog0ther ·· ith HP.rmon I s Divisio11 , less one cninbat com~Dnd . I 1111.Ve d::i_rected th.-,t the Speci:il Service Force be alerted for imM8dinte "'1ovement . I have rr':lrrred my O"Tn TA'J Headqurrters , consisti11P' of m:rsel"', G-3 , G- ? and a Pev sii=;nn.ls, to be rreprired to "lOVe on ')/,, l101 irs I notice to tbe Anzj O Area . Thnt is Vll0 8re the bnttl9 1·Till be , 11,11d thPt is ·,rhAre I -int,=md to be locPted when our huild- ur in thPt Are;::1 is su..+-fici9nt to take tre on+'ensjw~ . I may ro~s~bly h1::mdle 1fc1rmon as an exploi ti:ri:: +"orce wit}-, ex:trfl :lnfn.ntry, tPr1·s ond trnk destroy9rs under rlirect ,:,ifth l\rri~r corunand , 1·rhile VI Corps '70V9S on its objective to•·mrds Rome . t1 Gr?'F''rl_~NSB Sf'TTf! - }Tqve hrd I"'l. P 0 11 0,.,FTGTAL ' 7TSIIT'CR.S PJ FC'fW~T:lT) !\Rt,~A.S - Bvery rlrice I r,o, I f:ind rw subord'nate cornJnrinders, r,ostlv corp:i , ::ire 1)9-111.,,. both,::rerl ½7 11 brriss h.,ts" fro'7 ArF~ , Air , Fq . AC'F (15t:b l\.rrw Grour) , ·r'1v etc . Trere h"'i.ng no otlv~r bPttle in the i'~di terrane'ln are::i, , r>ll hePr()uPrters , including General 'Tilson I s, Adl"liral C:::unninghArri 1 s , General ·,.,,l,.er 1 s, Gr:m.er.,l flev~rs 1 , Genrir8l AleYa'1cer 1 s 011d rr:Rny le~ser 1 i rhts h-'lve noved into Crs9rta on top of "'IJT henrlrp1::irters . 1 evPr ;)rifore, in th0 istor:r of' ,,,.nrfare, ~ e ::::o !_evL bP-:£!1 comprr11ded b~{ ,o "'L:'ln;y:. It does "'l.e no p-ood •-rhen : stic" to my g,ms A."ld rJ.9I"Pncl th"l.t ""Y 1ear1111rrters be the 'huffer between '7Y cinborr.:: nflte uni ts 7itr resp9ct to tr9s9 v~ 1 · t:i nr-; d i.gni tr-:d.ec; . I hr>ve requ,v~ted that in no case s 0 11lrl they be i,errriittecl to v; sit forwq_rd units in fl desperate battle without "l~v .,uthority. r, 1 11 ROTA'l':rn~r FnR. "": 1·!LISTT~D ''::::'T - I Prn imrr<JssGd ·1it'1 th9 nece"sity of soT'!e r,lan h8inr; ',orl::od 011t l-i:r tre ·rRr r-ep"rt;1~mt h5 c, will -rrovide " rotntio11 f'or more rmli"ted men af't8r r1n.:rrr "'trll1t,hs of comh t bn ck to t}-,9 United Str-ites . I do not 1mow ·vlirt the 'lOlution is , but I dll studv ~ t cnr9-f11lly to sRe j f some plnn ca'1. not be wor 1~od o,1t . 11 11 0 * * \ I �( CM?m.TA--,JAinJA'><.Y '?!., , 19411---Exr;a1.1sion of' the bric1 i:;9head south of Rome continued to 1;0 17ell , but thf"'lre fire inrlicrtfo,,~ thr>t tl-io Germrin is coilin[". hir,s9lf to strike RQ'.ainst General Clark ' s troops 'lho mPde tJ,-,.e 11mrhibious lr>ndinp; . ( · Reports received from VI Corps indicate that t},e Ariericnn and Brjt i sh trooris ~re no7r well inlnnr! and thPt trey Gre co'l.solidPtinp; themselves while the ~up'" lies A.re 1 ng 'orcur:1ht in . The weather torh.y is bi:i.d , with rn in squri 11s )8~ anrl heavy swells thr,t -rreve'l.t unloadinP" orernt;ons excert from li=mdjnp; craft . The seo. j s too rou,sh for tl e rlnkTs to cnrry o'1 treir ~huttk: service, ½etween s'.ore nnc-1 corF;o shins . There is conr-:-jderr- 1,10 r,ir r-ctivity toduy in tho An zio a,..ea . Dtrrin...,. tbe rl~y t·~o iles+.roy0rs ·Terc M.t by r=memy boT'!b9rs , fl.nd rit night a rerort cn.r,o in th8t tr0rc hPs h"len a he:wv aerif'l n.ttacJr .?go.inst shipring rnd thrit t,·,o hos ital srirs hrve 1Jeen Ii.it . Gen8ral t;ru"3ntb1r 'lnd sever,,, eotnf-P of'f'ic'3rs Ptterpted to r;o to tr,e bridgehen.<1 areP 'W } "' bor t this morn:i ng , ~ut they 1'lere +< arced to ·1urn around "nd go ~ bnclr to ·rarles 1-x;crmse of th9 !)9/lv·r S88S . There is rePv,r .co;_p,J,t:hr: n 1_1 "lo11n- the Fifth Army ' s c;r.utlrrn front . The bPttl'3 j s rPrt; culPrly vii:;orous riround San Croce on the Ti'rench CorT'2 sector, rtnrl Generf' 1 ,J lin re-r:orts he::>vy losses "hen the '7tl-:i. .f lger:'c.nn .,.n"':=mtry R0r;iri':nt was rriven o.,..f r~o,mt CnrAlla. .Jlrtillf;r'r ·"i.r0 • r>s '.riole11t in this Prep troughout the dny. Th9 II Corps re ortAd tr"lt 34th ::Ji.vision 1v1 trols ~ronsin,i; the Rr) p-i rlo River received stro11e A1 1torintic 7er>pon rnrl. sn1r ll nrms f'ire . 36th Division pPt:rols also cro 0 sed tre river but •rr=;re piat ·~i th J,en.vy mrc}1 ~ ne ITT.Fl 11.nrl n9be ]_vrerfer +'ire . II Corrs b"'] j m,e +,h,.,t the eneriw is :bolrinP", the P.rnido Riv0r 1~ ne j_n ,, strr-mP"th . , ;J 1,7 er \ r;. ~ ~ 10 Corns reported tJ~r,t enerw rctivity was conf.;nei1. to she 7 linp- of +'orwnrd positio•1s ~n +, 11'3 3~th Division 8Y'e" . 5tSth :Jjvision rntrols "'ent to Cflstel :i'orte and found it strC'nR;l, r held by G0rrrians . 0n the VI Corrs ~ront tJ,e 1st Br~tish n~rntry rivision rnoved to the high. r:;ro11110 so J_tJ:, of the r:010tta 'tivcr , rnd elerirmts of tbe 5C4th :'\.meric"'1 I:--r~chute Tnfantr:, ffl"'ned out as ·"'3r rs LittoriB ,., 1,l re:rorted no confrct . The 179th Infantry ~ep;ime:v1t o.<> the l+5tl1 TJ . , . '1ivision -i_s now , shore at tre b9f1Cl'hend P11d is !"s,e:nbli11n- to ::,o 111to action . F.ner, r ~,..,+,:r0lc; , co·1.si3t;nf; of" ric to '?5 rien in }'p]_f tr..,cks , ['Ccor1p.<tni_ed b•r ;:> or 3 c::el+'- prorelled mms or tr>n'n:; vrere rero,,.ted active 'lrour1r1 th"3 nP.rjy,v~ter of' tre cn'1Pl north of t e Anzio S'3Ctor . The enemy j_s rlso rer.orted to he h"stily dj_gp;in~ 0rnrlPceT19nts . Th0re 1 "ri-=; "cne rrtillery .,.,5 re rnc1 shells dror:red spor<i.dic" lly into Anz.; o . l? ener,y pln.nes "'9re reported drorpinp.: +.roops or sup11 l" PS •iy 1,,...,ro.c1,ut9 to r'.):i_r?orce G,9rmRn e lnnents ; n the bridi:;0reail Pren . fr9nerril Clnrk , "+>tor "rendiYJ.t:1 tJ:,e niorn-l np; lookinp: O''Gr tre situ:-itiovi , hn..d Grn0rnl Pc.oaks PS h.;s l mcheo>1 rn1est . Ve d:tseu:,sed wjth G-=,'18I'fl Rooks once apniri ~1,e ora-..,n_jzation.. of i\",1'1 in Itnl:,r. Gencrnl Cl..,rlr 1:lso r-3ceived a vi.sit +>ror, (Jp::,tain Le,·Jis o+> the n . 1. ~r..,v·•, and he exnressed to him t e deep tl1 an1rs of tbe Fift!, Arriy for tiv~ fi.11e ,y,rn.l surrort g·1 ven to t e forces lrncl;ni:r Pt ti..,e br-i.dgehend . Gf'rtain Lewis is r l)o1 t to rqturn to -!:;l1e rrnHed "t~tes . 1 1 Ge:rern l ClRr1• th n received n visit f'rorn Colonel3 E•vprt Pnd Dnvirl . Both 'Y!en rre S::,ec..: al S,.,rvices O"ficers . Colo 1el ~"A.rt :is P ssc-cirtc,d vdth frrnerri.l nsl)or''le ~n tho d:i.vjsion of troop r1orPle rnd c,ri mtntion. Genernl Clrr1<: di"'cw·sed ,···i.tli Colo11el Ew['.rt t 1'P 1 l9,+, n0tl-1orls o+' 1·9erh1g Aniericrn sr,J_rli9rs ..:nform3d of' the 0 �c::-lobrl situ...,tion ,<1ry'l ''OW th<:v CPn 9 ··,y,-':,i1l,..,d ·dtl~ r1efinite ir'e'"'s crw1cern~np; t1'ose tb"'1f.S +>or ,~iricr th-3 r Pre ,....;glt·h.r; . G0nt:Jrrl C7 ·r'~ 'n9-r Coloriel T>ert from f'orr:t:Jr ;--C"'soci_..,tions ,r11en t. e Fif'tl' Arrriy f;o'7r"'1r<er ' '1 S ~tn.tj_on8d rt t'1e ',r>r Crll9~9 in ·"s:h:in.crton . 1 G8n9t'nl 01f'r1rl s 119xt ~n_ller '7"S ('.-,.'1.-,rE 1 Utili who -i '3 '"'11CC99d.;nr:r G"n"r"l :Car~ no rs the C.o··,..,-,,1r3.Ar of' t'-le lf't --1:,,,_1-' '1.".l • oto 10 ized Group . Th-' s Itr li"n ) f'orc9 -', no..r r"'or;;:"·1.i..zing in ::i reP'~ ''r9ci., rnvjn,; '1-ic-.en +,r- 1 a~n out 0f' tl--i.e line t:'ollm-ring t'1e-Lr rH sastrou"' "-tt,,c1: E gr-:•·1st TTount Lungo 'JOl'F) VPJe "'l;O . GnnerPl Utili •·m.s r.0compan-i0d. b• 1~is c·,:2e"" of 8tr>:' . . . , Colonel Lo,.,.,1rr~j . 'i'l,o '70eting betvreen t½e F-L"th Arny Go~,,rrcJ9r an~ ·"1 c, -n'3vl ItR.lirn G-,•,errl ,·ras l·rgel~r one 1 G"'"'Gr"l Clrr}- tole Generel ctili t½et roynd the It"'lirms 0 -r - ,--,troduction . W01'ld ½e EJ½lc to ta 1re ., "!Ore ective J1f1rt in bringing r-bout the oe"Art of Ger r,r-11;,r. G9ner" 1 'Sue 1cnP 11 , Conriander of" the British 5t11 .:)i vis ion cnlled on GenfJral GlArk to say fare•·rell. He is bei'1g S'lt::Ce8dec1 bv G<:n"rrl G:rerson-Ellis . Gt:Jne~rtl Bncknall is uncle.,..tP l'irt , rinothPr co:rirr.ri11.d . 0 "'e A lr:i.te r'fter11oon cnrfer8rice wris ½alc1 111 t'np Generr1 1 s vs.11. bet,"een Gffrterr--1s Glrrlr, RobPrtson , Gr1nnth,.,r E>nc1 =:renn . T11 e oi'rnussion c ent8red ::,ro11.nd the ~uprbdn~ of troors, r"rticulrrly :in the ne,-rly-"on hridp;ehead rrea. The extent to ,7' icl' th8 ne17 posj+,io11.s c,n be explo~ted r"erends on "lll 7 nten~ncP Hrich must be atte11rled to vrith every d~liR"erice . * CASffiTft - -,JAJTTARY 25 , 191~4--Today Gen°rril Gl11r'' +>J.ew to t},e 1-ie 0 chheP,1 1)y cub , :r~loted by •~::i.jor ';a1 1rer . Tbe Grmer~l •s ovrr Bcco1nt of his rlqy 1 s "ctiv~ties f'ol1ov1s: 11 I TA i AGKC'l nv G-,., Ju L PL~"rrr -;,,. '.:'L .~ ccc" TA1w TT}T 0" A DD :;ri::oY~R TC' VI ,IT THR VI CO;:,.} S - 't!e PFfE'.,..E"ntl,r f'eels PS +,ho1 rrl ro is r11nn~!if:!: thrt "how. ?Jot much : CPn rlo "b0ut it . T)ur; t-- the f'orecast of bnd ... ,e?t}v~r , T _esitn.torl. to go vith him bec,,,use :: W8.S ree.rful t .n.t T coule' not go asl;ore on acco,mt o~ the 0 ea . I, theref'ore, c'1ecid.ed to fly 1-,,r cub, ,·,rich I cJid . It -is 1.11it':l r ;trip, "'hout Pn ho1 ir :1110 fl. h;-,l_f' ' 011t ever t}1e PerliterrPnen.n ur -;:,} '; cor st . Altbougr I hac'l requested air cover , t'"ro11o;r "iO'T~ ,..,i-v:-up in Air CorT s Nlministr0tion, none ..;rs furnished . I lrmcecl about 1C'10 <\.nr1 irnm0di,,,telY corrnr>rrl.ecred <i jeer L'rom the Jhore "Sngin 'ers rnd 1ent to the VI Corrs, ascertf"ined tl,e situRtion th~re nnd then 'rent to tbe conil'1rnr1 rost of Q911eral Pe-1,,,ey, Conimr>ndin/:; tl e 1st Brit-i sh Division . '"et Luers trere . Ant"'r fl.SCertn.ininrr sitwtion , nent to tl 8 rort , 'here I intervie"!ed Ca:rtr.in Turner , 7 ritish 'Ji:iv;-,1 ('f'f'icer in chRrge. Tre rort j"' c snlenc'1;ii asset, .?n,.:i -it, muct bA rrotected J~· more anti- Pircr0+>t . T will e.rr'lnge ti• t . By bulldozi11.s anc' 3CrP.f 1.:; son9 0f tle .jetti.s , ~ LJTS C"n :)e unlo<iclecl sirmltr:>1eo1.wly ::>t t'1e rnte of ~ L ;'T'S every 3 hnurs . T'h-i s requ~re;s r,erf0ct coorr1i nation, n.rd -in a ')4- h)"r reriod 1·1oulr1 give you 64 L::Ts . Surrose •-re cut thr•t in hal:"' -r>or s,.-r8ty 1 s sr 1'e, v-;e still could mPintf'in through th0 port t 11e force of' I+ r"ivisions, whi..ch I conteJ11plri.te '·;uildin~ up to . 1 1 0 1 1 R0turned to VI Corn8 Herrrlriuarters in ·'ettunf' r11.r1 t>-1en ,-ent to tb9 corn~and rost of the 3rd D~vis-ion . ,'3itu"tio1'1 is s.-,,V sf,,ctor7. '3rd D;visioYJ. is odw·l'lc~ ng on C1 "'ternP , ··rhile one Flri,c;::>tle Grour wi ti- t'·1e 1st Pr:. tish ;Ji visior is advrncing 11orth to the junction o+> t:re Anzio ro.c1c1 "Hl~ t},e m9in r··i lroPr1 at q?339 . The 179th Pr.T ·.g_s rsho::.·e ond esseribled . TJron "'lY rstur11, T c'irocted thr-t tbe hnl<>nce \ I �,,-,J of the 1st Armored Division, 1'nown a.s CombAt Comnn.nd A, and "lh1ch js novr with the II Corps, be alerted for a movement j_nto '"JFT'tGLE. I hPve Plso alerted the 180th RCT for sh:,ilar moVGT"ient, r1lso the Specie l Service Force . Th:is, within a '7eek, should give me three infPntr:r r'l:ivisions, one Rrmored division, the Rangers, Jpecial Service Force, 5O1.th I'arnc·hute 11.esiment rnd 509th fprachute ) Bf'lttAlion. I '"Jill thfm strike out and cut the German lines of communicPtions, forc:i.-r1g hiR withr.'ravml out of the CPssino area. ~'hen, I "'ill turn my Pttention to Rome. I propose to move in my advn.nce comrnFJ.nd rost, very srv:1 11, ''lith Brann, Howard and Signals Pnd set ur in a fevr dr;ys . I cen tlnn fly back r;nd forth, or go by lT boat, and direct the rsrincipal operPtions of the Fifth trmy. I probably will hold Harmon I s Division with S0"1e pt,tached :inf'1mtry as e.n exrloiting force directly under army control while VI Corrs goes after its objective . Due to the rapidly deteriorating weP.ther indicrtio'1S in thPt areP, I hristily took off et B?O, rmd in ,m hour ancl tl,irty minutes lPnded on the r,alnce pond. ncr 'JF'7 'lR'';D · fJTH G'~~n::RAL BR!drN - Upon my return cnnferred with BrPnn and called II Corps 5n order to ascertein progress o"" their Crssino attack. 'lhere as tl1e 14th Division has one br>ttPlion acroc:;s tl--e RP-rido, the 3rd AlgeriPn Division (French) to the north has just rhoned in thPt they brve t£>ken Belvedere, w},ich is a great success . "Te T'lny turn the G,"!rrrnn out of his Cr>ssino rosition froT'l the north . * -x- CASERTA--,JANU!>tY 26, 19M~--Gen<Jral Clrrk spent tocl.a:r in A series of conferences and in e.dministrrtive 1 rnrk Pt riis con1m2.nd post. His notes on the dPy 1 s P.ctivities t1re the following: "I attended a neeting this morning '"Tith GenerrJ. ~'ilson , GenerrJ. 1\le"-Crincler, Adriiral CunninghaM, Gener8l EHker ·1nd "lhout ?O to ?5 other officers, r1ostly Bri1 tish. Th8;' have two meetings a cay. :svery subject ciscu.ssed pertBine0 to the Fifth Army, whereas I arn the first Fifth Army officer who hrs ever r,ttended one of these meetjrJJ;S . AppArently nonA of these hearlarn=irters hPve ny other mission in life th::m to :i nterAst theJ11selves in n+'f1:1irs pertaining to Fiftr, Army - ''!hetrer a mrt should be taken in for the Pirfield? 'dhAt its priorities should be? Hh2t should be the build up? '.That sho11l0 be the tacticPl plan? All of ttese r"etn; ls were discussed. r,iy opinions wAre 1=1sked on none of these subjects. I T'lerely record this to sJ-iow how several heH~qurrters h"Ve ,..,,oved in on top of Fifth Army Pnd, having nothj_np; else to do, Pro grP'lU'llly tekin.c; over mrny of :its f'unctj ons . Again I n~peA.t, nevP.r "rere so f'ew corrimi:mderl by so rmny. 0 Aft8r the meetin~ I stPyed +-or PD.othc.r c0nducted by Genernl 'Nilson on tho subject of /1 HlfIL. AppA.rently Generri 1 ':isenrorrer has cl e~idecl thPt P·TTJIL is on in full swing . ::'.: 1.vas shocked to see how All of the British Com.menders '-rere sabotag- I ino: this :r 11:m. None of them are for it, n nd a 11 still feel thr' t it wi 11 not be executed. Hence, p11J.ling of units out of th.ts th.enter is r;o; ng to be ext'.f'em~ly difficult And will nlr•ce me in 1>.n emb1=1rrassing position ''!rile I a.m both conmAndin('j'\ the Fifth Army and pla,nn:inr for Pnother orera.tion. Admiral Cunninrhmn suggested thPt if tvro divisions v1ere used in the PP.SR.ult v:e could solve our trou1iles by hPv:ini- a French And U. '~ . Division from 'forth 0' �Africn used, neither of ··•}'j ch vrou]/l ever have b8e-ri in combat. :;: strongly rrotested , r'le,.,,<1ndinr- t}i:,t the 3rd nnd /+5th nt ler<st be t 1··0 of these to bA used . I foresee p;reri.t r1i"fj c'1ltv in ex~·,,.icati11.~ in t:i ne -"rm'! t1 ::..s tr enter the units •vl ic P.re to he set up . T recom·,enc'len. thnt t'1<=> 85tr Division , ne"' fr0r1 the TJnited Strtes, be trained in 'Torth tfricr. ri.t A:rzew "'nil t11~t the 3rd erd the 45+,h he withr'ra,m , co::'ne11.cj nn; [' xmt the ,..irst rvee',: ~-n ·•,..rch, to the Salerno area here I ··:ill set ur the 1nw1sion TrriininfJ' Ce,,t-,r r,.,,/ conduct nrererrtory traiYlinq; . It is '3SS9Ptirl tJ.i,-,t the 'iav r ..1orlr ~nto this .,.,lP"', r.lthoucrh Admiral Cunn:' n--:harr stro'1p;ly objected to novino; the •r~v1.l AT'1phi1Jious Tr ininC; Center to thPt area . "The II Gorrs P-tti'lc , f'ttn.ck.:in~ tre eRstern fAce of c,-,ssino hPs been held up . T cr>ll.ed KeyRs ;:,nr1 n.s 1 n"'!o. Mm if he con1n. AXPloit t,0 "uccess oc> tre 3rd Al~erj~n I"ivision by "lOVin.G' H. > Tr'"'ODS in behind the1"1 ['nrl att""c 1dnr:; to the • sc-uthwest. Fe is doino; thr't, co.,,.,rn~ncinr; to11~P-rt, "ut t}1e Ptt.c-cr cA.n not ~o 1 e ,.,ust bror, 1 t}·;rouR;r into the C;:,s oPf until tl1e d v o;:'tr:.,.. t0"1orro·r 111orni11P' . r s i.no :1 .ren . 0 ';leath0.r is lrmprffi,w; our unloenin~ in trfl 'r,ttuno bridgehen.d Prea, altl:ough I feel 1Prfectly sR.f'e in tl~? brid.~"he::od ,,i.th tre number of troops in there Pt t 11e nreseY\t -1:,; me . Hflrmon I s +'orce sh011ld be unloprli;,r soon, "nd ti-19 rest o~ the 45t11 Divi :ion, less th·, l8OtJ1 Comb"t '.::' ,Pn, rril'ly <""et ;_n th,re tonorro1 1 niD'rt . r7ith them in tb:irP. , riur hridr,;eh9,1.d ~hould be secure, "r'"1 j_+' the Germrm 1-mild up is not t/")o stro:rio- '"le "'il1 s11cceed in punr~no; out . 11 11 Gener:il ClA.r,. toc":.v 9rt':lrfoined r"'s c1"ssr,,r>te Brip;. Gen . ..0ce rit l1mch . In tr,e p·"'t9r110on r,e receivPd,., c"ll f'ro~11 Ge:rierr-1 Gir,.,ucl, 'me. Cr-t:roux (w o is }1Gre 0·1.., tour of Fre11.cl-i hosritnls) .,,,,.r1 Gener...,l DP.V'nck, G8nerrl Gir,,un 1 n CriP..,.. of StP"f. rrjtr Ge11Arsl GirP.ud, tl,e f',J-r1.-r Comnrnrler discussed r:iuestio11.s o.c:> the French forces i'1 :!°tR.ly rnr' the brhr;ing ~n of oth"r"' . GeY1erPl Girnud srid he vro·1ld "'end tre /,th ('•ountain) Divisfon nt once iP 09n0rnl Cl"'r1 i:isJ.:ed for it but th,.,t the r mules -Por ct1rrvh1p- its e,U~f"'1Ant 170'Jld be [1P1"( to fi"'ld chir:rinP, for - it rould require mo11.ths ..,5 ti, 4~re rresent ::i 'l" il" hl0 cr::i.ft . Grmerri 1 Cl:, rk sd_r1 ho I d be gl<>cl to rave t e Di. v:i.sion r-,~.d v ould st,1r'ly the .,,.,ul8 questj on . I erh"rs the 4th cculd r9ljev3 Rnoth8r c1ivision 11wl use its trqnc;port . G8nernl :,ucas se11.t in the follm•in~ cr>.ble "rit}' rr>gr' rrl to th 0. sj tur tio'1 j n the fort of' 11.nz~o . R'T 39. ff] revriilirif{ •me1tlii=;r , r,en.v;v r« ·n, sleAt, li,:,;rtning ri'"d stro--i.p; .,.; d.s . "TnJ.013.rli"lf, c f' Liberties Pn<l over benches ;~possible . Fo eir rc.iids durino- ni.rht but Anz:i.o J:iprbour «>nlled ½v ho-;t·;19 70'1~ rnnr;c rirtil11;ry. CnrturAd rloc11me11.+, incl icrites ,meny d13fr,nsi V".3 t" tti tune 0'1 +>rent of 1 '3t Di vi:1ion . J:o i=;vir1ence PS vet o" l}err1an couY1ter,:ittacv r>g"inst e['st +'lnnk. Flan to continue n 7P'ressi. ve !'econnn. i ssr>Y1ce "l'lr' loc" 1 attacks to i=;n ln.rge beF cl1hew' . Fire o:ri 1.'T 4,:,2 ·"T"'('r'3ntly r0sulte0 in sin1 "'lC ,:r-j oY• to 1mlo"c f 11c:. T" 1ill rP.:rort e"r ct f 0m,, re ·i lriter . tt 1 General Cl.Pr'\.:: tod;:,y cnbbd Adriiral Lowry, Co~'unn.nder of the Eiphth Amphibious Force, and General House, of the XII Air Support Comriand, expressing },is appre ciation for the fine '>Ufport tb 0 j_r respective forces hP.d given the Fifth Army in thoi.r recent l.ondinf;S at A"'1zio . * * * CA~~?.TA --JANU(IRY ?7 , 19li4--The Army Conimander ' s notes on todey ' s f'ctivities fol - �low: "Flew to 1:'rench ~xrer itionr>ry Corps this morni'1P' in order to encourri ge further atto.c 1rs b;r tl1e 1rd Al1seriAn Divj sion B 1d to chec1r on the coordinetion of thi:it 11ttrick ·1 itr t 1 e 14?nd Coribrit ':'ear'l. 'Jext "ent by air to Presenzano 17hore I went b•r jeep to the '31+ th ri vision 0f '"!h0re I observed the 168th Infantry in its attack acro:·s tre Rnpido River . It seemed to he going vrell. I imrressed upon botb tbe Fr1:mch Pnd the II Corps Co ,rnanc'ers the obsolute necessjty for rill out ePfort, th=•.t I hn.d s}:iot my wod nnr'l this 'ras my last chance to bre:i 1r throuph into the Cassino posit; on anc th'1 t I 1'new the Germans / were equally deter..,::.11.ec'l to 1teep us out. Upon rriy r0turn to my cornm:,nd rost at A.bout 1700 , I tele'Jh0'1ed both ar;A·n to inpress upon trmri the all-out nn.ture of this Ptt- c1< . I thfm nent from trie 34th Dj_vision or to the command rost of tbe B5th Jn-n~n:1try f"cing Cn.ssino . 1 Upon rw return , Gr-meral Alexander asv;:ed to see r10 . He is worried. Pbout \ the slo1 mess of the Pttac1,;: in t 11e north b~r the VI Corps . I "'m too, and 1,ave been ... or flt least 43 hours . Al tliour;li I did 11.ot tell J,irri, I 1movr thnt he has received a rerson, 1 telegre.m from the Iri~,e ri~.nister 'rho , from his rlesk "'t #10 Do.ming Str8et , is going to direct the bettle here in ItPly. The Frime wants an attr-ick , Rol"e f>nd fl vj~tory, not'"rithstanding- tncticf'l or logistical \ reasons to tlio cn'1.trary. !hen I told AleYr11,,er that I ·, s going ur personr'lly torno 7ow and woulc:1 stay up f'or severn 1 0a;rs, he H"-=; coripletely srtisfied for I told him it 1.'TP.s my ideA. to lay on an all-ou+, coor(lj n, tea corffl .'.'lttack support9d by tan1·s . 1 Gen9r'l.1 "'i lson A.sb::id 11n to comri to s9e him. After exrlainjn,;; the situation on both fronts , h~ told rie the rurpose of my vi'"'it "as to c'liscuss rith him ATTTTIL . Tnasnuch rs I am to co•i"'l<inrl tl1 •1t op"'rr>tj on, he -r~nts to deR 1 directlv wit11 rre and tc; P,et m:1 vie''TS . It was a r.ost s11tisf.-,ctory m9eting . I;e asked f'irst when 1 thought I riu,_.t leaV8 this battle in order to devote my full attention to A"lVIL . I rerlied sor~o tine Aro1md ; 1ar ch 15th or perhrrs later . He told me he was anxious for T"\O to remr in '1S lonr; [' s ro:--s; 0le, rJ.iich fits in exactly ,Tith my ic'leas . T tole him J ',anted to speA 1{ frankl7 , tririt the Fifth Army had lPnded rit 'ialerno , ta 1cen 'fanles rt11d h.,ttled its way to tre north tl ro'1r;h re 7 lish terrain ann with hlood,r los, e,; n..11d th..,t it was eY1titled 1mder s my conr1, nd to tA.ko Rome - th,.,t if on Vie 15tJ1 of 1 '~rch J ,,,as battlino; Pt the gn.tes of ~{0""e, under no c; rcm,st'lnces shoul 1 I be r,ulled. out . H~ nssured rne t hat under no cond ·tions would he do no . I f'\lno told hi m t h,.,t if 1mder certB.in conceptions that A'liJIL should become a "fart 1.n the dark" of one division spavmin the ~~erl.iterrn.n0rn ..,ith no intention of lying /:my place, I wanted no part of it . Be nssured "'le U-..,t it ·:vas hj s desire thrt I stay .<J.l''J[ly,; vJit], the Fi.fth Ar-my and never even look Pt A. JIL . ·-;e discussed t},e tr:>ining of the divisions, thPt I ••rould get the 3rd anrl the 45th, th-rit I ·rould get the French battle - trEl ined d.i visions th, t I ·ranted . m=i told me trie only difficulty 'ms thPt Robertson said two divisiorLS co 1ld not be mounted out of T;,ples . I told hiP1 thrt I hesit11tecl to challenge sucli 8 loo;istical ex:rBrt r>s Gener;:il Robertson, but thPt I Wf'S dan.n sure t:1at two could ,,,ithout interferjnu; with the Italian cPnipaii:~n. He expressed a desire to help me get such embers of my staf-1" as T .,,anted , t "t he · oulcl fly here rigcin soo'1 to discuss A'TVIL nith ne and. 11 s sured r1e of 1-ijs complete cooperation in , s sist~ :ng me in my effort. 0 0 1 GenerAl ClArk too.a:, '."ll'ote to Genorn.l Juin , of the French E'Terlitionary Corps ; Gen':!r[:ll Keyes, of the II Corrs; and Genernl PcCreery, 10 Corps, thrin1-::- \ �ing them for the spl8ndid J11anner in wh·:ch thPir c_or s carried out tl'eir role_ in facilitati11g t}19 success-1:ul lD.nclings of' our forces in Ue vicinity of \nzio. The Arm;! Com1"1Rnder has bee'1. disturbed by the too infrequent sitwtion rer,orts coming from 7I Corps rnd for this reason C"'bled Genern.l Luers, RN 53?, askinr; tl:1'."t brief reports be submitted f'reqnentl v, 0 n estirn:ite as to when Cister11r> would be ta1 :on, short stnte·"'lent bis ;rrrregsions nnd '~lans and the rr0o-ress of unloadin1;. Ferso"1al Luc"'.S "ror, Clark. RP 555. "If po.~s1 ble I desire thAt your rl"n involve coordinated r>.ttac"k '·itr use of f'rmor 0'1 Jrnu<>ry ?9th. Hill discuss details to'llorrow. 11 * * * FR~ >i.~rzA 10--JAl'Ul\1:.Y ?q, lq/i/4--Gemr:s.1 !Jlrirlc 1-rs felt +>or some tjTie thnt the force at Anzio is not 1Jr:>i11i:s pushec'l for,"r,1 -rith suffic-i_ent r <;rre"'Si veness and thrit orr-ort, n.;ties to "!a1rr-i JX'Orr'9'3, 11.orthF11rr! ''1j le the (;.9r]'1'1r n troors 'were as y9t disoro;"njzo.d rt t e ti'!"le are beino; lost. ./\ccorr'inn-lr, 1.e rietermi.ned to P'O at 011ce to tl e An.z~ o -"'ront Pnrl urge Generrl Lucas to 1njtiate rggressive action at once . ~~ He arose at 0345 this morning , breakfasted "Tith General Brnnn, Sflville B"l'' h:i s aides rnr1 lAft hJ ca:r- for tl e :rnoutl1 of the Volturno .,here he harl. arr1mp;ed to meet TT Borts /,hOl and , 1')lt;. His cwh r1:rtion by storm boat VTP.s very <ljf"ficult, as tl-te 1•,9.ves 1ere l"-ir;r, Pn' V1e orer.,tcr of hi.s boflt, unf8.mil"i.r,r ,,ith t},e chPnnel at the !"lout of' th9 riv""r, 1 it R bnr anrl shirred a greqt deal of ',2ter, 11etti'1,.,. t e Gonerfll '"'nr1 evr;r ro,9 ,.,-i+, him. -":ventu...,lly, mmver, the ho, t, wm·e r,ic 1red un, P.nd the r<irty -;ot 1mrler 'l!'iV c1t 06::>0, 35 "lirn1te•3 lriter th,nY' t:1ey li.c1.d beer ~chedulc:,cl to 1 enve. Gr-mer/'11 Clerk rncl General T3.,,..2nn, Colonel T-l'01;ar"', Colonel Bo•rrnpn, l;e:rit'1.in Pef rd ··ood qnd i 1r . Gerw'si,) of' Collier's, vrere 011 I"' oc1t (?01, 9nd on}"' 'R011t f?16 were Ge'1er11l '-i'"'Ville, ,,,.. /'JoJ.onel Fhr 1·er, Colo>1n,l Jjblo, CPpt~in Le' ;s, r. Fo rle of CBS, ri1d CPrt"lin L~rpson. The tri , rmt "noothly nntil Pbo 1 1t ,even "1:i lPs c,.outh of An.z:· o, "'hrm the :vr ''"C)l nas cha lJ engect b:r a nij nesweRrer, the A:1 l?C, then r bout ;::, , oc,r yPrcls to t,i-9 north. :St. Irtterson, ,..n17l"k"r.di'1,.,. the '1')('7 , 4 r,nedintel,r Cf"Used r:;reen '"'nr' ello•; -Plrires 2nc1 11 ,i11 on the blin1'er to be f'ircd PS 'mrn:inr: to the mi '1.es nerer trrt tre rrr ror> cM np- 1,o.,ts ·-,r-re Alli8d , hiit tre minesueer,or, supposing tl-ie t· o r'T' Bont-, to be Ggr,,,Pn.,.., boPts, orened f' 4 r0. fl. nu,..,,,ber o.,.. l+O·'l:'1 srAll w10 '5--inch shell -,8r8 firer., Pnd on8 ~hell struc1' thn deckhouse and GYrloded Phont 5 feet f'ror, Grmert:'l Clrrl'. 0 1 I I I All three r,,,,...,l o.,...,..icers on th9 sr.ip vmre hit, al3o tHo n"V'l rrn "s. one n.t the, ,--heel of' thP V8"''3el. T'113~Lr.r:n Rr-mson, 11ho hrd been hit I in the legs, nl"'-;110 1 1,,.1,, no orie 1->ut Ben'3on 1me" j t Pt t½n, tirne, ~ot to h'is feet P,11,n tool.• tl"C) 11-ir:iel o+' the bort . The rm 11 ?01 swuni:r 1.er ,:;tern tow11rr' t},e firin.g vessel n.nd, ~ "ter ;,one el<>y, sped a·vay _,.,rom tl-i8 shir. The IT t?l6, , hich was bring Frrroxim;::it11ly 1 SO :mrrls t'lstern ::tno to the stPrhoPrd of tl--ie '1 201 nlso turned and hegqn to 'T!a1 '8 P.. run for it. .All o.,.. the fire fron tbe vessel that wes shellini:; t. e F':' Bo-'lts ""S directed at the FT 1201. Poth-inq hit the lT ?16, ,vhich n.J.so brd br:ien blinkinP' tlie corrAct recogni- �49 \ rPr,onn"'l F1.bor-1rri t'be J T ''?Ol imn180i~tely p;ot out a fj.,.,;'t r, :i.rl 'rit Pnd rut sul:l:anilimide i:1to th9 munds o" th0 five n' vr 1 "t0n ::1nd triPd to tr 1•C<3 ct.re of t1'18rri. H'our o-f' th0 r11:m "T8rA on dPc ", and they ''mre 1:Jl8ed i_ng T rofusel v. t. lmost h<il+' of the deC1 " WA..3 COV8red 'ith r)lood. or tr'P -"j_VP, r.10'1 'ho 'TP,r8 hit, four were ~Jj_ thi:a 6 f0et o+' '}enernl Clark. ThA -"j_fth mrin "1rs belo v i;.1 tre tiny mess hri 11. he t r10 rT BoRts srcirl to-·mrd r; ve T"ines-·,eerers thrt hFd been se,gn to the soutt· r h"H' an hour be-f'orP Genl'lrPl Clrrk's t" 10 sh-:.r-s i:tot ,·,it},i"1 r~m;"l of the :-,ines\'leeper 1 s PUn. A-"ter "o e Pnxious ro,..,Gnts, dur::i'1f; ·-rrich the IT '90:1.ts 7ere .,l,le to iilent·:"'r tben"elves sat~_sfri.ctori_l•r to tre ninesweep3rs, the J·T 1?01 nulled 11lo110'side the Dritish r,-inesweer9r IT''S Acute. The vessel fortunntel.7 hRd A.. rloctor q1Jor-rd, A."'lrl, ,-,-"ter srrv1p j "f~ culty, t)-,e ·"ive ~101mded -;ere tr"'nsferred in l:ltters f'rom the l ':' "01 to the Acute. It '7rs discovered Pt th:i s t~rne thPt ~nsign Bfmson hi,d hrndled V1e : T Bo"'t desritc 10rious ·shell fra"'r,ent t'ounr1s in his leF;s. ':'he doctor, Pf'ter look::.np; quickly rt -,Jl tho mf'm on the shir, decided tb.t the .,ir'Jt '"lf'n to be ,..,e"'loved "'hould be F.nsign ~ori~lr'l, si.,....ce O11.e o+' 1-ii_"' leg ~rterios h'ld heen "'0V9red. Lt. Jr-l.tter2on, Com1?01, hnd su"f1;red seriou:-> shcill 10unrls in both le~s .?nd "11")!" ncer of the i T so hnd n -"r" r.tm~ed l 80'. '::'he rian do"-rn in th, nie:.;s room hAd been hit in the sto"1ACh rind Also had a fr"ctur"3d n<:Jlvis bone. The oth9r enlisted man h d b,d his lmce cri.p blo·m ,·r:-:i·r rind •".Tns in ITent rain. The skipper of the H. M. S. Acute is Cmdr . Andrew Edward Doran. hile the T1e11 ,-9,.-,e ½ein~ tr, 1ren off the Vi' hOl Pnd moved to the hosr 0 t,l Abo~ra t,h9 H1 B AcutA, Gener:-il Br:-,nn and 0,ri.. -tsin Ber>rcrood tri9r1 to ·erS1wr1e Gonernl C1Pr1" thrit re should "lot :::i.ttempt to 1:'f;f'in go :into Pnzio. Generrl \ Clr>r 1 decl.,,red thnt he hr>d to get in and thr>t )19 "'P s ~oing to tl,1,:e the chPnce, r ev<1n tl--i.011gb the l"-i.nesweeper Plir'ht ~ P'P in shell the two } T Bont"'. After instructinr: +,he Acute 1 s sk:ipper, CornPnder Doran, +:.o get tre men to '3. }osritP1, Gener"'l CJark ordered the t,·10 PT's to head once ag11in for fnz~o . Upon reqcrjn~ th9 aren "here they hfld heen shel1.ed before, th1; fT ; 1?01 agnin sent ur the proper recognition flr>res f'nd ½linked the sri'lle correct letter on its blin1rnr liP"0t . After soroe time tbe ship reco~nized the t -;o Aneric~11 boats and P,rPnted the 1"' /f?Ol nArrnission to cor1e alono;side. 1 \ 1 "hen tbe J T 11?01 '7aS vrithin haili11,,. distance, th~ skipper of the torpedo bo"'t, who hr>d trpnc;ferred roT'l the IT l/:'?16 to the FT 11 ?01 ?s she ''83 lylng alonr;sid e th !'\.cute, :i nforriPd the CaptP i 11 o+> the Ar" l "0 th~ t he hacl fired upon an Arierican 2hip ann thrit he hPd eUb1r 1 rill<.3d or '"ounded five Hn.vy nen. T½.e skipper, shouting t½roug} a negr>phone fro;ri the bririge o-" his s ip, decl"'red thRt 11e bad believed the two vessels 1·1ere Germa11 r: bor-ts, th"'t becPuse of' the slantjn_q rays of the errly Morn:inr; sun, do m which the two IT boPts vere trA.velinrt, he ~;:id bAen unoble to 0-i stinruish any- rAcognit1on sign, ls. •Iencc he had f'ired upo:1 tr ship . Tie r1ec}f'rl'Yl Unt b~ trcmght he · RS doi'1f; his cluty. J\130, be sRiri thet at the ti:18 he h d -r-:.r0d upon t 10 0 sl--i:-c's r r1011vy enemy f'ir rf'id on Anzio ·1as in rro ress, a;-1d he ind:ic~ted tbflt h'3 t 1"ought :rerhnps the bonbing had beAn ti:1"3d to coincide ''lith an attri ck upon hipr•ing h~,r enemy E bor=>ts • 0 0 0 0 .Af'ter snne rrgmnent bPc 1,;: A-nd forth, the IT //'201 to :,ard. A'1zio. Rnd heflded tt4 1 t:( ,, .Tu:-:t RS the Fm ½orts ~ot ~_nto th0 l1rrbor, the third enem:r nir rnid of the l"lorri:l ng strrted, "l."'ld t,l10 TT '1?01 Pncl / 1'21-S cru:i.sed ~rou>1d the }·qrbor 1rhile the enemy unsuccessfullv bonbed shipping. 11.t PlO the FT f'201 ~nil rT /!?16 drff'l up Plone;side shippine; tied "t i'11zio dock, '1.nd Q-9nerr-l ClnrJr nnri. his r"rty debrrked. rrr;:msnortntion ,"'3 rustled ur, flnd Ge'1err 1 Clrirk ···ent im..1119dirtely to the corrnnd ~ �50 post of Generi=tl Lucas . General Clri:'.'k conferr9d with the VI Corps ConnP.nder Pnd ~rged upon him the necessity of .sn ir,1mediate attP ck which he fixed for Sux1dny morning. He pointed out to Gc:merrl Lucas the fPct thPt full ridv2ntage of the landing could only be tAken by bold Pnrl aggres"1ive action,ay,rl thPt delAy now •rould only perr'lit the enemy to build up forces orrosite the Fifth Army amphibious force . 0 Following this conference GenerPl Clr,r1c re-ernbPrkAd rnrl returned to the Volturno mout h, transferrinsi; to storn boat and crir successively Hnd reaching h·is comnHnct post ~,et from sprry anc1 waves v1hich he.d been shipped in the storm boats . Today the N 1 v;cmce party for Gen0rn 1 012 rk I s personal section at the TP c tical GP a.t the new beachhead was embarked . This consisted of Sgt . Don, CpL Shusteric and Cpl. Yermolovich, with the General I s jeep, on MP ;jeep, a second living van and the radio jeep with two operators . S MP 1 s were also taken along as a personal guard for the Gener81. This p8rty accompanied a group of officers and men selected frol'1 each section in the 1-TeadquJJrters necessary to the operPtion of a small Tecticn,l Conmnnd Fost . GenerPl Clrrk plA.ns to divide his time between the regular command po,;t end the be2 chhead comwnd post. At General Clark ' s direction ris conmancJ rost ras moved todriy from the palace gro1Jnds at Caserta to n hillside Just south of Presenzano-., The r,1oving W,9S done in the absence of GenerPl Cl'="rl~ on his trip to Anz:i.o , a,1;d was largely completed by the time he returnecl . I 'T'he following important messRges were received anr1 dispatched today: For Lucas fron Gruenther . RN 2005 . "CIFC, T'!F'.D believes coordination be tween Arm.~r and 1\dmiral 10,n·y not close enough . :sspeciall;f as regerds 2bility to receive shiDping . See Lowry and 8dVise . u From Lucas to Clark. RN 72 . 11 Recent inform<>tion incHc~tes 45th Division enroute . In accordance with my messe,ge 60 , will start corps attack tomorrow . 11 From Lucas to Gruenther . rJRN . "Armored counterettack force from 1st Arrnorecl Division now available . Consists of 2 br.ttali.ons tanks , one bPtt a l ion of 0rtlllery, one battnlion of infrintry. 11 Gener2l Clrrk today received a short note from General VJilson , Comrr;:,nrier-inChief, Allied Force Heec3']unrters , thanking him for his many courtesies during the latter's visit to Fifth Army Headqurrters rnd extending his best wishes for the present campaign. * * * FRBSE 1,TZANO--JA11JUARY 29, l 9M.1---Today General ClArk re!"la ined Pt his command post except for a short trip by jeep to hnve a discussion with GenerPl Welker, Cof'ln°nd.ing the 36th Division , concerning the pror;ress of that oj vision in its rittack. l\.t 1130 General Devers rrrived, conferred 11dth Gener11l Clark Abont t}'ie org1rnization of the ~rnerican forces in the theater Pnd about the rro1sress beiri.c; nr->.de in planning for /\. 'f\iIL rmd OVV:RLOR.D . Throughout the day the General received f'reqmmt r1 essar;es concernin~ the � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 1 - 28, 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 1-January 28, 1944. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1565 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/6b8209d3e75dd83037250ca7ccd8c173.pdf?Expires=1777507200&Signature=tAhGhrhslFZA2vdQ69m76XOIA3u0-%7EFEbRdg7Z8WXS2Rr8jnazVZhXOF-DTAueVgOu6JJyBY1srhjnaUw2tfOReEafJyVm3TSzGfHQdZ78nwpgio5Pec3AqvmXYt57M7rLaZpQd6yMaRD5kPVtUdFmijFCUhI9rk7MpXdEDv3u3cSH4FuroomdfC0Z1wPcZ4DXYMQHLqveOLak%7EdBYiBNeXs6PAFx8DDg6v-cnvKamtHZnkCMK8fWGLKWJPK%7E3BgT7kcyiWW6FCcjFwvTPvyETrCfPR5mk45EDUDSCz6cvei2qieD2CroATvnAN-LE5oEqi9ZjXympE8%7Ex6SCTKXtw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e471d6d541fdedebba7141f82204a9ce PDF Text Text 50 post of Generi=tl Lucas . General Clri:'.'k conferr9d with the VI Corps ConnP.nder Pnd ~rged upon him the necessity of .sn ir,1mediate attP ck which he fixed for Sux1dny morning. He pointed out to Gc:merrl Lucas the fPct thPt full ridv2ntage of the landing could only be tAken by bold Pnrl aggres"1ive action,ay,rl thPt delAy now •rould only perr'lit the enemy to build up forces orrosite the Fifth Army amphibious force . 0 Following this conference GenerPl Clr,r1c re-ernbPrkAd rnrl returned to the Volturno mout h, transferrinsi; to storn boat and crir successively Hnd reaching h·is comnHnct post ~,et from sprry anc1 waves v1hich he.d been shipped in the storm boats . Today the N 1 v;cmce party for Gen0rn 1 012 rk I s personal section at the TP c tical GP a.t the new beachhead was embarked . This consisted of Sgt . Don, CpL Shusteric and Cpl. Yermolovich, with the General I s jeep, on MP ;jeep, a second living van and the radio jeep with two operators . S MP 1 s were also taken along as a personal guard for the Gener81. This p8rty accompanied a group of officers and men selected frol'1 each section in the 1-TeadquJJrters necessary to the operPtion of a small Tecticn,l Conmnnd Fost . GenerPl Clrrk plA.ns to divide his time between the regular command po,;t end the be2 chhead comwnd post. At General Clark ' s direction ris conmancJ rost ras moved todriy from the palace gro1Jnds at Caserta to n hillside Just south of Presenzano-., The r,1oving W,9S done in the absence of GenerPl Cl'="rl~ on his trip to Anz:i.o , a,1;d was largely completed by the time he returnecl . I 'T'he following important messRges were received anr1 dispatched today: For Lucas fron Gruenther . RN 2005 . "CIFC, T'!F'.D believes coordination be tween Arm.~r and 1\dmiral 10,n·y not close enough . :sspeciall;f as regerds 2bility to receive shiDping . See Lowry and 8dVise . u From Lucas to Clark. RN 72 . 11 Recent inform<>tion incHc~tes 45th Division enroute . In accordance with my messe,ge 60 , will start corps attack tomorrow . 11 From Lucas to Gruenther . rJRN . "Armored counterettack force from 1st Arrnorecl Division now available . Consists of 2 br.ttali.ons tanks , one bPtt a l ion of 0rtlllery, one battnlion of infrintry. 11 Gener2l Clrrk today received a short note from General VJilson , Comrr;:,nrier-inChief, Allied Force Heec3']unrters , thanking him for his many courtesies during the latter's visit to Fifth Army Headqurrters rnd extending his best wishes for the present campaign. * * * FRBSE 1,TZANO--JA11JUARY 29, l 9M.1---Today General ClArk re!"la ined Pt his command post except for a short trip by jeep to hnve a discussion with GenerPl Welker, Cof'ln°nd.ing the 36th Division , concerning the pror;ress of that oj vision in its rittack. l\.t 1130 General Devers rrrived, conferred 11dth Gener11l Clark Abont t}'ie org1rnization of the ~rnerican forces in the theater Pnd about the rro1sress beiri.c; nr->.de in planning for /\. 'f\iIL rmd OVV:RLOR.D . Throughout the day the General received f'reqmmt r1 essar;es concernin~ the �.:) \ situation on the VI Corps -"'ront . In the pf'ternoon Gen0ral Clrr1 r r!et<Jrnineo th~t h':l "0" 1 ld go in the 1'1orninp; b7 plane or y lT bof"t to the Anzi.o front i_n order to 1'1A.ke sure thnt P grePt effort to push +>or,vard "es b0inr: r.arl.e by the VI Corrs . As the lrnding strip a.t Anzio wris reporterl unf1V, j_lrble , tre Gener~l deter,.,.,irv':lc to ~o by fT bort Pnd al9rted the ti"o era t sta•1dj n~ 'ri:r at Ic-;ch:i n. to be rePr'y for a trip the fol l o !'1; nr: day . DurinCl' the n;r-r-t , a st;:,ff o+>:::'icAr froT"l tb, II Corrs brought :in P mcssag8 to Gen8rnl Clnrk thn.t the 1rc" Alrreri i:in Di vision 1° 0. ,,..8., ched P roint cc 1 s~_der P bly in ar1 wince of' tln 14th D"vision on ·:its 18ft And thnt the Algeri"'n Division hrid this uncovP-red its le.,..t flnnk . It '7ould ½e nn.,bl to hold thPt position unless th0 3/_th ::-i:tvision vras rble to "dv•1 nce to r correspoYJ.ding eYte 11t. Thj_s SR."1':l 'n.f'ormr-ition had ril-ren.ry, hour0ver , hAen rn.ssed on to tb.e Arny G-3. 1 0 0 To remove th-i R thrent to t, e left fl1:nk of' tlie 3rd Alrseri, n flivision , the 1/}?nd Roginentn 1 Corr bn t 'l'ean is orrlered to r~ove "'ronnrl the b- ck of the 34th Division , pass ow~r the RP"Y"Jjrlo Bt the French br-id'"ere:=id rmr'I tPke ur 8 rosition to nrotect tl·e left flar 1~ o.,. ➔;he 17rench Pnc" fill ~n the rossjblv d.8n15erous W'P bet ,,.,een the 3rd P lp;8rir>n ;,.-,,c" t}'c, 34th 1 ivisions . BecPuse o:.' the concentration of' t r oops in f ront of Cnsaino , the l4?nd cl'ln be spi.red to alli=ivir,te tl--iis thrert and also give g-.ceater rmnchi.n1r ro,nr 011 tr8 drive towPrd Cairo 1:nd Vaunt Corna . Th9 follovrin½ if"rortant r1 essaP-es vere receivod P11d r'isp1 tched today: I'ersonPl to Clar1-c +>ron Lucas . R.J R5 . 11 All r.vnilrble L..;T 1 s unloPded by lf:~00 . Exrcict othFJr 9rrivP1s .r.-roT'l ·rarles br 0 ?00 . )T'lendid. resiilts i.n nnlo:or'ing are c'ne to nArfect c0orc'H m"tion bet·veen Army :1110 !Ta·ry. I p3rsonn lly con "'erred "'it,h Lowry v0sterdr, , and ·re £'re :!n troro 1g' nccord on R.11 c- 1,ir:;-ing detrils . F~v·1l str--"'+> .<>11d my rerrese11tati.ves nre in .,nti,.,,8.te rJaily contrct n."lcl 10r7, in close hr>rrnony 1111d close coor0ration nt '111 tir1es . 11 Pers0·111.l to L11c1>.s f'ror1 Clnrk . R'' 59ES . 11 lhve t·,m jPers f'nrl nn offjc9r mlic'1 e rnet lt-A'1Arn 1 Dev8rs r, nd Ge11ern 1 F.;,:,ker R nc" t ·ro ot:b =:r offic9rs r> t LCT A.lonps ide ½ertr in port of Anzio m~oo hours Sundriy, 30 J9nu~ry • 11 1 }ersorn~l to ~1""rk -f'rorq Lucas . nr>y . 11 ,;P,rithP.r clenr . Sef"> cr,lm. Lerdjng elements !+5th Divis'i_o~ (le3s 1'7qth Tn-"rintr,) st9rtin°, to debnr1· . Good proi:;ress in unlondh1G buU· carP·o -rrom Lib8rties duri11(1' ni~ht . ::neJ11y 9ir ti-ds !'"lor11iYlg fail8d to dam., n-e Dort . 11 Perso11Al. to Clflrk fron Lucas . R r 05 . 11 In furtr0r0nce of Corns coordinrted attn ck, 30 ,Janunr:r , O"'e aivision nttPc cs tonif~:bt to secure line of Ro"1e - Ci sternr, r11ilroad so ::i.s to n'ain roan fo:r f\9ssnr;e of Armor . ,ituntion bein~ developed on the 11est flPn 1<:: . TTarmon in:ttfotes pctjv., r~cmmnissance tHs rfternooYl north,,est of Gorrocr-ita 8601'30 . /ill rro all m t toF>o,,..rov or nt nnce j f co 1di·~io·'ls warr<Jnt . 11 1 1 fer.sonr,l to ,1cA.s "ro~ Clnrk . 'JR' . 11 Ho,e yo,1 "l0re ::-ble to jni.tirite n.r,gressive r>ct~on by 1st 11nd 1rd Divic:ions rursur-i'"t to my ·'"""'+;ructions esterr'!ny. Reports from ~rou i. 1dicrite li.ttl8 nr no rrlv!lnce . Adv'i,"'0 . "il1 see you tnmorrmr . ~T lr-iter . 11 1 �5J Jer'1onp l f'rori Lucas to Cl rk. -i:p qa . r lease 1~ef Pr my 0 5. 11 HAp;~0sc;iV9 Pction Plre11d initinted . Re f,=n •9nce yo'J.r 577 , ferso'1al f'ron Luc'l.S to ClPrlr . R'T 101. 11 2L, L~T ' s 1J.11loP.'1ed this dnte . I1Tr,v-_r re-rorts these :,re the onl y "hi_ns of' th.is t .mo in the An z i.o aren . Im-r9r2tive tl,rt the remrind.er Li.Sth Div'si~11 2nd oth9r rPrrin~ni'lP' Co"'b t troors be '"or»rrded ,Jithout r1 el.?y . Request th t ou -rush sbjf""' 0 nts -"ro,., 1 Tarln.s RTA" ,·hile ..,e, th'3r ,nd sea cnncl ~t io11.s renPin f'rivorr½le . 11 0 Ge>1rm'< l Four-e , CoT"mrndi.ria the I.II Air Support Co"""'Pnd , clisratched th3 f'ollm" :inr. cPl) 1_e to th.e Cor:..,,,, ndinn; r--"ficer , '7Qth '}roun , P'1d '1ent 0 cor,y to Grm0rPl ClArlr . 11 }leRRe co11.vey to Co~..,11.11.d ~nP" r·"f'_•cer , 9Crth Sf.lnrdron , 1--iis ilots 11"" mechrirics tr e /ln z io ~re., . Srlondid . K0ep ~ac1-i en9n, r rlrn~ sbot rin'-:-n '1f88 's the reirrf'orcerP>1t rnd ridvn.nce o" the mv conc;:r11tu1°ti_ons -f'or r,-,sul ts obtr i.ni:ic1 OV/"3l" shoot~n~ . Fifth Prry. 11 Tod.ay, i'1 rec1ronse to Fl CF1 1,l8 f'ro 111 Lt . Gen . Frrr1 :::ry•, Chief of Jtnff of tre All ied Cent ral ~edit8rrD110A.n ""'orces , G,..,'1'=Jr."1 Clr-rlr c,ent ' 1 long lettAr to Generr,l !\.le:,rnnc'ler in whi.ch 1'8 descri'bec! tlie -nifth ~r,,,,~r C'iturtion 011 n.11 f'roritri , the Pnemy situr>ti.o::i , Fi+'t h ! r ny nlnns "':or tl e f'11ture , rrobrble 3nemy int".mtio'"'3 Pnd his .,..ecomrn9ndnti.ons . * * * r 1P.'31~ T'3ll. ·JO- - TA. TTT!\.P_Y JO , 1 "4l. --~" rly in t}-,e ,..,ornirw , rs soon "S flyi11.r; WPS ,~ossil-le , Ge-nerP 1 Clr>rk sent Lt. Co l. Suth,~rlrnd by cub rl."ne ~o fhd. out tr e st:-te of the sr-,2 flt t',e r 0·1th of the Volt11rno , in or der to decide 'Jhetb3r wa'b:>r1r,,tion T:-os ros S"hle i.'1 stor;;, boPts . Tr•is report beinr; "avorRble , th8 G"'terMl rnr1ioed his t"ro T,,., 1s to '":,..,et hi.m o-F'f tJ,e T"outr o:' th," ri V9r Mt l? o I cloc 1 noon . At 0900 th0r0. :,r { ri ved V!> ior G "1.,:irfll Slo0n , Co"''nnnc'Jar o+> tJ-,9 B8th Division no"T in 'forth Afrjcp , "nd P.ric;,,.,ciier Ger.9r;:,l Kurtz (}-,j_.-, rrtillery cor-~rnr1er) . The Q,9nerql riscu-=-sed t ese o<'fic,-,rs V"'r i o' JS 1 1 nstj 0'13 co'1c8r11~ n.c; t e .>3,'th Dj vision ond jts co"'cH tion "\'T i t rGsr8 ct to e'7lr7oV'"'J.e'1t . At noo tr0 G-fm8rF1 le£'t J-ijs cnrw1."'11d rost '),r cub p l P.11.e ::i11.c" +>J.,= to r. s t Al Volt urno , ,-,}i9re he 1~nd8il. 011 . ., roFd tnct ·ms riGt by ri C"'r n find trilrrm to tl-ie r~V'3r '~i.il.e . ' TerP , r,.9~0rMl Rr"nr , r t. ~ol . Sutr9rl..,nd , r:r . ,er>cb , Sp;t s . 'I'½o'"'9" , Cb...,ney and Tfolden hr>cl "lI'9'lrl.' Mrrivor-1 •inc" ·r0re JT9rr·red to e"bqrl: . ':'he :rnrtv "e-i.t cfo=n to the :ci.ver mouth -in stor·, ho!>ts rncl T~et the I'l' 1 s Rt l "05 . 1 '"'jt},) 0 0 GenAra1 Cl:or1i: "'rriYPd ;-,t ,hzi_o Pt 1515 n.nrl Pt once weYJ.t to th,-, new }'j+'tr l1r,-.,_y 4.dvnnce Co111~ .,y'J rost , '-jc1 h:-id beGn 1ricl out th9 rrececti..n,:,; n-"t9rnoo-i. flnd in the \ 8"'rl~· -rqrt of tod1.·r i.n A. p-i:r9 ,..,,.ove. 7'1 t e rrrc1i.rd, of' t,l--o r...,1PC'3 of Jrince Bo_rP'hese ' ju ,t nortr. of Tett, 1 no . .;-Pn°r 1 r:1r-,-,l• rt 0nce '9''t to vj -;j_t Vt Corrs ·1.nd ti,en the 1st frmorer'l T:ivi.sion . •·e f'onrd t},o orro"'~tio,.., +o tr0 VI Corrs st,~oni:-rer -tl-1 an , '1d hren ~nrJic·ted ,,v ti.,,A re'"'ort~ se11t +,o . :::-osenznnc , ncd r0. f'lso fo'u1_,_ th['t tJ,13 z""•~l'1"'1 1)u-i lrl-up liad not Ci rii. 11i 3},9rl t118 .,..orC8S OTTO' ., r '": the Fi {'tr ArrriY OP the Cn.ssino {'rant ['S 1 .,~ been hope , rs thP ~e~M..., n -"orcos orr0~i"a tl-ie he:ocrhe,.,d rere lrr~el~.r -"rr~ ,..,·~or~ elsff·l--i rn . 0 0 Generrl CJ.n,~', rirnCTt"'C1 C,,hle '!°Cl0 to +,;1 e F'ift JrMV r,~ ,.:tirecVrvr 4:,h.-,t f' ""8(~1. cr 1 of'f'j C P,' ~ nitb '11.l.i'l'.';rJ"'nt nnc1 h0lr be ,e11t +,o ti10 AdV..,'1C'3 ':I 1~y .,..irst "Vr il" le tr'"'.11srort rtion . 0 �53 Cable J1006 +>roT"' Fiftt Ar-m..y CJ to CG, VI Corl s not·i f'i<>c< rll c0,.,c9r110. t'1rt the 16Sth Br'1e Gro,1.r ·ri lJ i:1ov9 to ST"C'rI.I', "''1'1 corie under co,.,,rrv:ind r/' VI C0rrs rrovisjo'1ally 011 the rii17ht 1/2 .,.,Phru~r:r. A s;-1,,,ll "nrnce :r"-rty, ~ncl1 J.di11g the Bri gacle Cor1N1'1d0r, "l.rri ves S":::Hr,.L]~ 1 r~ 31 Jan1 1Pr7. G9nArA l C:!.rirk 1 s o f' Pl. notes -"'nr toda;v "'ollow: go: ' All i_,1+>or:"'~tion ~ncic<>t0c t'-,~t tb, c,ne,..,,., is hivjnf-: ci•rr~c,11ty -ln P'"1senbli.ng forces 0'1 "'ront of' 71 Corrs. r,:;-,·c con'>~ rl0rs it o.o v~ tr 1 ·i m:•ort· nee to t'l 1~e eve,..,, Pdv-=:intr ":9 o"" tl-~ s f~ct by pres1i11r, 011r 11rlw·nce •·dth th9 utmost enerr;;7 so r,s to estroy tl e rmeri;v forcc_;s in c'letPil "'S t"l'\'l rrrive in t e 1).qttlA r-irea nnd to r.reve11.t :r---~n1 "'ro1'"1J. hold:inC' ur our r-tt11C 1'S vrith cor:irer~t:ively ,renk f'orces behinr1 Hl icb he c~n co11ceritrrt9 +>or E' r!'ljor cou'1t9r "'ttack. 1 Tith thn, rosp')ct o"' th8 b::iJ.ance of /1,5 Div . Rrrivi.nP' in the bridg9heaii sbortly, r,:;:nc C()l'nicJ.9rs sorie .,,.isks c::,n 1 trik9'7 [ r-d re s11f"F;ests thrt r.Jll ef'forts srould now be ur.::-ently Je c011centrnted on +'ull seal:: cror--:i1111-l:.ed Pttrc 1rs to cPrture C1..,Tffi'IA a"YJ.d CA~TOL ~Ql-r<; -rollo-red hy A. rpr-id nc'v"nce o'1 V"'LLSTRI. CI'TC nuld liYe G9nerrl Clrirk 1 s PpfrAciA.tion on rres8nt situ~tio11. c,·rc is c~ncArned Pt l"'.C1' o.t> up-to-c'lt:1te in+'or~~tion fron th9 hPttl9 nren esrec~::illy in r9g~r0 to tre stren1th and nrture of tre o-r:rosi.tion "nrt th9 5q,ressio11.s ,,,nr:i rlPns of Cof'1m9nder VI Cor's 'Vithout wrich ~t js dif .. ic 1lt to dfrn,ct and rlr11 o:;erPtions c'1 the r~st of the f'ro11t or to ensm~o the T'1ost ef'fective use of th.e sir f'r,rces PV'.li.lflble to surrort tre oper1.t10:1"' . 1 0 1 11 T 1 1. repliAd ['S +>oJ.10•7s: .,.,,"· f''Y '1'.I'R'.."TG';'H Al'ZIO rECT'I' . En9r•y f'orces ~n the ANZ 7 0 D.reA. Are e1 11-iw·lent to 3-rlus riivi~ior<' ,·,i..th c>bout 175 knvs . Tt is esti'11Atec1 tr"t the enemy c"n incr2~se tris "'crce by r,p:rroxinrtely thr'":e :>ck!itio'1,"'1 cliv·1 sio1.s ry 5 rebruPry. 1st Tn+'r,.:ritr,r :8iv:ision (Dr) 1rd Jn+>R.ntr~r :Division 1 Rc.nr8r 7311.s rlus SC' 0 th J'rcht Bn. 5C'/¥th Ircht ReO'irvmt 1st Armored Division (less CoTT1½nt Co1'11['ncl 170th RCT 11 B") _"b . n.y 1800 bours, 30 ,Tam1r>ry it is expected thrt ½r lnnce of 4 5th Division ,,,~11 1-iflve l0nded . VI Corr<' nill have 1t thnt tiriP the 0quiwi.lent of alr:'O ;t 11- <liv 4 sions, •·rith Pl•rroxiro'ltely ?L1-r, tnnks (150 tCJ.n 1rs ''ith 1st .'\rmored ;)ivision) . Six divisions. ('£' these all but 0118, i:,he 71st Division , CFr.. be ex- �pected to hPVP .§. . o 1"10r9 thn11 t\· o-t i_rrl c; "'tre-1.clh • TI Corns : 3/4-th Division. (short l/-1,00 in°">ntry) ,~th Division (short 3~00 inf',ntry;? regts . 141st bPdly C 1.t ur) Comb:o t Co,..,rriand "B" R11d 143rd 3rd DIA (short lC1CO in-f'pntr:r) ?.rid nn~ (short ?000 ..: nf'r -ritry) 5 Division (short 1700 i11f'nntr7) 1()()0 in-f'"ntry) 56 l1i vision (short 11.00 in:"i'ntry) "3rd Ar 1o'~ed Bri o;ade /1-f) Division (short f. "nd \Je ' Zealrmd Di visio-ri (ACFF Reserve) . ~ • .hile th9re rre flrrroxiy,,ntely ~-1/2 All -i 8d division.s orro;:}ing six e119ni;,r nivisions on +1-,..: s .,.ront , t},e AJ.li9c'I Ji ,,i_sio"ls }irve lo'"'t c011-:;:i.derPble of t 1 r:ir effectivoness beCP.llS8 o+' s'l.ort..., r,es in erso"lne 1 <1 nd b9c1,1 re of th8 long ; 0riocl of c~nti.nuous henv:~ -f'i,-.htj n~ . All inrlicPtio11s ojn.t to tre enerw 1 s .lrn to bold RC- rit "11 costs . The orip;innl est..; •·ate th,.,t h9 ·1culd weah:,11 tr,9 GAR!GLI.A 1-ro-rtAl WO front to meet the a"'lphibious lrnd..; YJP' , to ~-n 9xtent ,·,hic1-, "1r01·ld n0r,..,it t 11e n.c1vnnce o +,re t"i +'th ArrY to t 8 FR(" r•0nP A.re~ , lr 3 not y9t m"'tP''in liz9d . :rrn:rber>d , the -:me1 1w '~as dee~ c P-C1 to li.olrl t1'e G~F ,-GJ ,- no-R '\} Iff .,..ront ( s; v dj vi ,:dons) end rt the sam9 V ··e h.9 l'P- 3 rei nforc9d th9 r JZIO 1:1ren b7 ..,.- thdrn V"' ls ""ron the GAP.IGLIAIJOR } T'" a 11d U:irrhth P.rriy f'ron.ts, nnd 1:Jy r""inforc0-rmts "'rom th9 north . There h"'s bee11 nn 1in1.v0idPble delf-l~T in "'ttrc1d1'1"; the COLLI-L~ZI!\LI +'Aature C"11Sed bunf'p.vorahle we..,th'"'r rrich res,1lted in a dele;r in thA I Corrq build-up . 1 ) , ( VI Gor-ris Pttac1·s 30 ,fanunrv to c,spture 7 1~LL~rn11:-~LBfl ro-"'R/1,,;CATI. The '3rd Tnf"'ntr • Divisi.on ·,iJ.1. centure CI T~RJII/1 anr then r:idvrnce on V 'LL•;TRI. 1'1t Ir1+>r1ntry Div' sion (Br) · ill cnrture birrh ri;ronnc' 301,tJ:-,,rest o-f' GT~·rzA O nncl then ndv..,nce to ALB~~H() . 1st r.,.ored Div:i s..;_on (less Cor1br-t Comro..,nd nBtt) will ,..,.,_ss thrornrn t1'9 1st n.,.r-i_ntry Division a"ter it hrs cnrt,1r9d CAI'EOLT~O-IB r,nd vill c·,:ecute r, fl,,,nking '70V9n9nt to t1,e left of 1st Division r+,tnckino; FR!\.JC''T'J .,.ro11 the ·rest . Reqm'lsts h;:ive b?en ·mbrnitted +'or n.11 "'Vf':: Ir.bl'.) air rA"'ources 1 , �to support this att:,,ck . The "'rench Bxpedi tionrr;r Corps, 168th RCT and 142nrl RCT Pt tacked early tod8y (?9 Januflry) to cnpture tJ1e high ground north of CASSINO . fresent inclicritions 2.re thr,t the att1rnk is encountering strong resistAnce . 10 Cor:rs attac1r is in progress to extF>nd its bridgehead over tl~e lower GIIRIGLIAT'JO River and to advance north in the direction t,TJS0 1nA - .S. GIORGIA . Combat CoVir and 11 B11 is in II Corps reserve 8VAilr1 hle to cross the R/IIIDO River RS soon as the enemy position at CASSIT1TO is outf'lanked . 0 17 . C01'JCLTTSI01JS. ,2.. Although a fully coordinPted Att8ck, employimr all PVail2ble armor, and all other means, will be lrnrnched on Janur-1.ry 30th b~T the VI Corps, the strength of the enerw force in the COLLI-LAZIALI B.re11 n,-,y be such thet rrogress will 'be slow . AnticipPting the Prrival of a British 13rirsRde Group in Italy, · it is planned to re:l.nforce the 1st InfAntry Di vision (Br) ni th one British Brigade Group from the 10 Corps . If practicrible logisticP lly , one RCT (US) will also be taken -"'rom the II Corps for use as VI Corps reserve . The nrrival of these groups in the 1-:iridgehe;:id will bring the VI Corps to the maximum strength th2t can be maintained . ]2 . If the enemy is able to bring j n suffj_cient reinforcenents to rre verit the VI Corps from securing its objective, it 7il1 p:rob,::;bly be necessary to assum8 the r'efensive in the Ai,TZIO area until fl hrei:fr-trrough c:cin be effected on the GAR.:"CrLil\.FO-F~/\J IDO front . A rl.efensive line of r>ction would be indicated unless means are found to T'laintain r> lRrger force in the A~;zro area . 1 £ · The attack tc secure tbe J1igh ground north of Cl\<'.:'.'3INO njll rrobPbly req1 lire all availab19 -"'orces in the II Corrs and French Corps, with the exception of Corih"lt Connand "Bn Pnd weak elenents of the 36th Division . There •-rill be no sni table unit remrdning for furt:ber sustP ined ef'fort "Jest o.c, the RAI IDO River unless the ~nd new Zealand Division is usec1 for this :rur:rose . £1. If the ?nd 'Tew Zealand Division is used PS indicated e,boV8 H is estinnted tlint r•r1ditional troops 11:ill be needed for e:x:rloitation in the LIRI Valley and to gain contPct with the VI Corrs . ~ - The 88th In-0 antry Division "rill not be ready for conbr,t rrior to Marer, 1 , lGLi,L; • .§1 • It is r,:,conmended that the followinp; pdditional troors be rnPde able to the Commnnding General, Fif'th Arrriy , iMr,ediBtel;r: 0 vriil- (1) One British Division ·"rorn Jighth Army. 0 " rrenc h t · · · . ne ' ;1v1s1on (3) One British Brigade Group to rerlace the group to be taken fron the 10 Corps . 1 ,-., \ ?... ) ]2 . It is recomnended thPt the Bighth Army lPunch as strong an :ottAck PS �roris~ bJ.8 nt t ,3 '3r>rliest rossible clP.te in ord8r to hold trie mrizi,~um on that +'ront . 1 en8 □Y +>orce "I l8+'t +'or the Rome fro,1t wjthnut, contecti11r; Gs110r~l t.levp,1d8r i,ut J-,r,ve juc::t rFJceived word f'rom Gruenth0r to t11e effect t11...,t Alexander is tr,ri11i:i; bis best to conirl:v "it}, all o+' rw r "''1uests . 1 "I c,:ir,9 1-)•r FT bor-it to Anzio tocln7. '-1°F.d horecl to f'l;r in my C- L~7 , but due to short rrnT'TaV 011 nevr Pirfield , G8 1errils ··01re :.:inrl CP11non pc'vised "P'Pin"'t it . Tio·'"'e to bring the phne ln Tucsdr>y in order to fly br>ck. The trip here to<"ay ,ras uneventful , in P,TePt contr:ist to our hectic trip t"m 0 r.ys nl"f'o . Incide11ta1 ly, two o+> th0 five 1 1}'0 'ere \101mcled. on th· t trir <'lied of wounns . I 2!"1 cor1m1.1nic~ti nr; '1/ll'ith~ tl1A A.....,9ricr111 •·.rr;-.V"r , P-j~1i11P, ttlen the fncts in the cn..se ~.s I SPTIT theri, and StRtinR' +'ror /l lr-i:vr~r-in 1 ~ point o.C• V"erJ thrt it .ris rs '"'lagr:=>nt PD error of iu,lgrnent on th8 pirt o"' n commPncler P s I have evr-ir seen. 1 "I left th8 s0u-L}v,r:r1 frrmt i'1 " eotnte of ~ ndec' sion . It i '3 lilr0 t"o ',oxers in thA r:inr-, ½0th qbot1t to collRrse . I hrivo c01mnit,ted my lrst res9rve, r.11d I Pm s1rre tre Bocl~e hPs don-3 the srrae . I P7 o-rentlv rl 1.s1:1rroint od in Gr,nernJ Keyes ' ef'fort to coord:i.nato the ntt nck of t he 142nd C01 h.,t Ter-T11 vrith thr,t of the 3rd P.l,,.~r~"n Dhrjc;ion . For four c'ry"' no1'T, V·is rttnck ½Rs been neleved . The :'."rench ,.,re criticrl o-" the -initiritive o+' tl-ie l4?nd Co"1b'"'t TeP'1 and of the 34th Divi3ion on its sc,uth . So am I hPd intonclP.c to r9in:force success , rl"'ther th1m fn.ilure <J.nd rir, r-1 4 sarroi11ted thrit r, •1ore coord:inl."'ted Fr;:,nco-1',.r1ericr,n e "fort could not "'.fl'Te tn. 1rnn rl0ce . I vm.s rpd.te h11rsh '7 7 tb Keyes todriy P11d hope th8t H 1rill rrod11ee th8 res•ilts tl-i.Pt the Pttricl,;: "'8S rusb0d ho''le v,itb vigor toc!P..y. nr have b8en cl 4 sri-rpojnter! for several days b7 the lrc 1,;: of Pggressiveness on the rert o+' the VI Carr's, 2.lthouP"h it wo11l' h"vo >y,en VIT0"1? , 4 n .,...y opinion, .to attack to cP..r.ture 0 1 fi.nal objective oJ'l this +'ront . :::l8CO"l'1"' 1 "c'r-nce in force J.r ..,j-1:,}, tanh; slould 1-irve bee11 r:ore rio;gressivA to crrture GI ·rri,;R :Jl , nr G'\'}(LFO'~. ~l.epe::-itedly I hn.vo told Jue.rs to rush v~i:;;orously to g9t those locrl objectives . Ye hns 11ot i.11"'-lsted uron thic; rrith the Divisi.o·ri Corr-iqnflers . TTi,0 11 my arrival here -l:,oc'l"'Y, I --1As oisrp} ointed to "'~11rl th<>t nbnnt J:-,ql f o-"' our :1vribble errior o+' the lot !trJ"lored D·ivis 4 on 1 '.ld b0en cori!"·tter1 to the rrotection of the 1st Briti3h Di vj sion I s left flrn 1' . I 'I-Jone to e'·tric0te these coEnj tments in order to launch ::i. "'ull-out rrmor8rl. "'ttnck to th8 northuest f'rom CPrnpoleone to"1orrow. I v!n.s likewise distrec;sod to +'ind tb,t th8 '3rd T'ivision h':d led with tr e R"n:::;er force in jts ::ittrc1' on CI ;rn-:;n•rA . Thi, -v :=is a c"efinite error in ,jur·P'JY"ent , f0r t'he '!:?t:ngers do not hrve tre surrort '"'8"]"0"18 tr ov~rcn'"'lr; tJ--e resiGtPnC8 .;nnicrtec'!. Tlie fq_J_J_ncy of' t11i..3 co:--w•itrn,'3nt ),,:is been horne out by -1:,be 1Pc 1c of results toc1oy. I hP.Ve been ht>rsh vdth Lucns torla;", rruch to ny rei:;ret, 1---,1t in ?'1 e+'f'ort to energize him to grenter effort . 1 11 I r,_ri wr,tchinv the 1 or-;.;_<"Jtic"' l huild-ur, clo ely, 1ith thA bore tr."t r;ood •:e,-,tb,r na:r -n,,r:,~_t U'> to l"l.7 in rm oxtro stor0 o" surrlies . If I cn.n gr;t "her>d ·11t}, t•18 H"'l;ted sMprino- 11vaibble to rr.e, ·1 hor8 to bring 4 n rm f-lr"ditionPl 2t,..H:i'"P' Poree +'or .,..,eriod of ton d::1v•,, in ord0r to obtr in rlecisive results. At t}e er1r1 o+' thrit V"'lc, I cou1-d rryove it b,c,,. to +,'-Jo, otrAr front. It <>11 dep1=mds on 0 1 rr r-i."bility to ciuc;troin it v-},~le 1, 0 re . It rouc-;t be unr'erstood thrt tho port cr11acit7 h3r8 1-i_.os a def;nite cejlinP;, end ·e crn ""rintn.in 0'11,r 'lT'rrovir,,,tely "'our divis".ons . P-nv cxtn1 I im"ort for a sn{3ci~1 :,ission rmst bA wdntPinr"Jd out of surrlus store;d up dur~nr; p="riods 0 ➔1 good wer:tl:v"r. 11 a �FREs,-;,•r7,AIJO-- J:'I eITJ~'llY 31 , 1 g4L,---r:-,rly this morn-i ni:r Gc"1err J. Clrrl· .. e'lt to the 3rd Divi ion er, n):-,fo}1 is locrt8d "t Bor~o 1 "ontello on tre ror.d f'rom ·rettuno to ';isternr>. . Her8 he t8l1 red ,·fith GPn9r':l mru"'cott , Genernl fawns , Gr,n~r-il T~:--P'les :CJ,"').(1 Colo-1. 1 Dnrb ~. }fe :'.:Ol'"J.(1., to his ('lj stre'-'r,, thr>t t 10 b11ttA lions of DrrJ.:i;· 1 8 Rrngers ·:rl·ich hrrl. n+,tf'l.cl.;:ed Ci -,tern:-- vesterd:,,.y mor'1.i np; lirid been cut off an~. rnu"lt be crmsidered 8S entirely lost . Tb.e 1rd Division rerort'3cl throt it 1·ms rl()eting heav r res·:str>nce, not merely 3cntt0r~nl1' or:nosi_t~o11 . Gr·1.0r"l Clr-r1, then went to the Feadriuarters 1st .A,,.P'-0•'ed Di ric:ion 71--t-,re kl net Ge'1"'rr 1'1 Jinrrion rnd I enney. Gen'"r:il J 1cns "llso C".me to tJ, is rnreting . G0·1."r,"l I',--rron wrs rl,out to lrunch PD attPck ton11rd Str7.ione di Cai-oroleorn~ . f.f'tpr Ge'1.9rnls H"r~on ann J enn9y hf'd 11'1-ree0 betw e""1_ theriselves 0"1 certPin 1.uestio·,1S rl.eelinr:; with Generr>l µ,.,rf'on 1 s re.ssn.P"e thrru':h the l'.lri tis!l l st ,·Yvis ion, t]~':l col1.f'ert=mc"' enr1ec'l and Gen9rc- 1 Cl;:,r 1 rGt1rrn°d to >1is Corrmnnr'l Foc-t . • 0 1 0 I 1 1 1 0 Lnter in Vie r,+'ternoon G0n9rPl Clrir 1:: le'1rnnrl thrt Gen~rrl Prr~·on ½Ad ""et heavy oproc;ition ,:,11cl m['.ffT "'1nns . I'is effort wr> s U'1.S 1cc9ssful, Rncl i,., Pd withdra:rm. 1 I I "T½e situ... tion \-ii;rn ~"' -U+'fjcult . Th9 9'1.emy l'1 rolrP·'1_q bis rrP.S8'1.t f'ro:it i.n co::::rtnct n~t 11 our troo s ·":ith tre /,th Pirborne Divisi.o,... , the 1r~1 .:)ivi::;ion re~nforced r,-ir] ,. "th tre rer""rn f;.oerin:" D:ivi '4on . ':'r'1.1rs nrA A1cmint9red on all front"' . heprcl. , +'or t;e f'irst ti..,e tr~c; ,-orniyr, thrt 3rd J:iV'J..sion hr>rl em:ilo;ired -'::.wo Ranger bn.J..,talions --: n t1~0"r 2ttr,cl' r.i_.-1--,t before 7.nst on Ci-.ter'1.c . Roth o:-~ tl ese bn.ttalio:11s 'T8re "nn-:.hilated . I thin1' thP.ir pL.<>nninr; wrs frulty, altho11r,J-, Luc;cis , tru::;cott and f1r,r1Jy e.11 e~Tressf')d their op~nions t o ne thAt the plans ',.'er0 •1ell thou½ht out. To enploy li.<;ht forces in such an rttPck , in r,y orinfon , was 1msound . 3rd DiviGion attacked Ciatrirnn tJ,is ..,+'ternoon ' ithout Rir ::mp,..ort , rl.11e to brd v1en.thr:ir (Ps a1Jeged by tr·e Air Cor s) . !eather vms ,ntirely -~-vorahlo h9r9, r>nd :'.n e ,.,.,ess"W' .,..rom Gru9ntr.9r to ·e , he rerortecl m11ther cle .... r ri.t ot1·1;Jr end . f..t 190( toni,..,.it Tru,cott rnrorti'ld to ,.,.,e tl. . Pt the si.brt:i.o'1. '7f'S '"tfo':y ancl progr0ss ,...o,..t cUf'ficult PP;.' i 11,..t heavy r0sist<'nce . He told r,r:; ti,-' G morn~ '1."' t-:,...,.,,t th., +'::_O'ht-i nr: tl'e 3r :;-li vi"lion h"c1 n, 1countered ·,,,,s the -r:iost dj: .,..ic·1lt it 't d e:x:1."'91~ienced d1 1rins the rr9s,=mt wer . For tre 1rd Division to maJ·e th-is p('lr~-i ssi on ~ s i11.r'~ crtive o+> tlie rlet9rl'1in, :.ion o" the enem-r to hold . 0 1 0 Due to +.he lf't9n.8S'3 of tl10 dPte of' rttnc 1 ri]l el8rrtAl'ltS 0~ t: e 1st A.rr ored -, [' 1rl the f'n ct t',r t ·\l1ey G"1Cl"Ul1.f:.Arcc i.ne 3 in th0 I",rir o+' t ·. . ri 1st Br·• tic· h f"'v·ision, their efforts tn burst fr ::--th Pnd hrrfass the n,11.eny cid ·-iot reP.ch "'irst 0 Dj vi '3 ~ O"'.. 1::>a 3 9 • I a.ttcnrl,,rl a co11fer9rce "bcut noon i>.t 1st Ar,.,,ored D:lvision, ··,here :,ucas discuc;sed th9 situ."'tio"1 •ritl--i Ten:n--:Jy and ;·ar" en. I w.,,s 'orri"c' ever t o. enerv hu~ ld-up 011 0 1 1.r "8St "'l:i.n1• :inr1 tre odge od½9 s~tu"ti.ori in the VI Cor-::.'s on tl 5 s front . 3;;t}i ~n()'incors , rf[1r, on 1 s ~n.c>p,,rtr:~ rYJ.r1 so~·e Brit-i.sh ·rr>r3 J::olcl-i11; tre line a;<>:::"s·t, "'ti ~f resistance . T-:le'Yf'"mt--: o.t:> trc '~>5th "nrl ·n 5t½ G9rr•on '"livisi on hflve )Oen iclent:i -ri8d on t 11 :i.s ·"'ro11.t . These, with -l:,1---A Li.th f 0 rn.chute Divis::_o'1., int1.ct 0"1 t},r,t f'ro'1.t i'Y1 ic-"'te to J11e tre -r:oss:i.b~lity of a GAr,- n trrust f'':;"i.n~t tris '19Ctor. --r sucl• shoU 7 '1 occur, •;9 hrv-, li.ttlo to orrose it . Lucns jg re-ori;n~1.iz~hP' 8nd lias ,.., ,_.., cod the 157th Coribrt Te;,_m ~ n th' t , rec' . The 170th is beini:: "Ii trdr[~•m :'rorn the east f'l11nk ."nCi r,.,, 1,~c,~r'l by the 1Gth ~11C'~r1°ers. TH'3 rrill -ut the !,,5th Divjsion, l9ss 0 1e co~l-)pt ten,, i'1 Corrs reserve . 1 �11 It is ny est i , te, Pnrl I hrve "nriic· ter, to Lucn.s tJ,-,,,t ,·,hen Cistornr is reR.Ch'3d and tl'e l:1t 1riti c.ih Di vision J.:t..-,v · YJ.P: reR.cred CE1r-:ro leon8, ~nrt]r,r offensive eff'oc:t by the 'TI Corp"' is out o:f' the nivrntion -Por t'1e t2..rr0 bi=dn ,;. There r-i.~e t, 10 e-rieri.y· rlj vi .-;ions on e ·.tr "'r c;j rie cf' the road 7 ,,r c -; n~ north "'r m,, nzio . If tlLse struc 1r sir:ultn.neously t 1 1e situ, t,; on 1 10uld hCJ rlFficult . It is rw be lief th..,t ·e r,ust tpl,:e a rosition in rerd; ness, ""i.nirnizing the dcneer 0·1 the east f'1Fm 1· , enphPsizin"' it on th"o "Ost -"l..,11 1• ·rit'.1 tb, '3rd Jjvision in dertr in tJ1e Ci~tA1~r..p rrCJr ~,r r,,•"nr1 tn cou-'lter,,ttrcl.c to the 'ec;t, ·•:ttJ-· f;J,e 1st Britisl-1 11iviflion in r~e,·t11 in tl'e Cr- ,olAnne ['T'(Jf' nrepr:~e,1 tc COU'1t r'-'tt"c1· in either r1 ire ction with t},e /i,5th Divi,:;ion bss ::i. cor1rt te/lo in cor:rc.i resr,rve nell 11.orth of Anzio enr1 ·1ith rarnon just ~n th9 rear n""' the 1st British Div~sion pr"T"red <'or a li,.,,itecl o"fe'.1s;vc t !'1-1',t to r"~,orr--orjze tJ-,n oro'7y l"'nrl :in a co1 mtGrettacJr role to Aith9r fl.~nk . llSt<>r t e '1ffct Jritisr. br-'g.,.-,,'e r,;roup comes in , I rrorose to brin~ in on9 ~,or3 British br-i 2:, de ';!'our rnd :m Ji;r1 e:l"icPn. co"'!bnt tean . This ..ril1 rPke the hri ip;"hn.rc1 more secitre, altl-ioup;h ov rt1-1z its sur,nly crir,bility flnd 0;ive us a cl-:trnce for offensive Pction. 0 0 0 "The ~e;r~"Pl 'h<'S ~rrro•ri,,,ntel, "~ve d-'vi:-iors cnnf'ront-inc; us no", with c,·1other j'YJ. q-: r-11t, P";<-in~t our four . le hrv9 1.0 C'l"nce , in 1-riy op~nion., to re2ch Colli L2zi,'-'1i rire'1 Rf:;Hi'1e;t the orrositi.on "'a::sec1 jn th-t vidn"'ty. Should U~e enemy r8.:'1.ize 011r ~nr 1ili.ty to re2cr this ob,jective , Pnd ·:ith ris i:-rr,nrent c> 1)il~t:v to "10ve c1ivisio"1S f'ro11'l tJ.ie ....,ort]~ .. h never r quired , b~ r ay c'lecide tl~"t t 110 onort'mitv :is present to ri;ive tlie Alli9s R. r"lvArse. Should . e r,ovn., rnc' I an s1-tre he hns the CP"''l.b:iljt:r, t 1'!0 or t},ree r1ore divisions i'7to this ~ren , ,'e \ ·vwild h;:,ve d:t-'"ficulty r,<>j·1tri::nic1~ mi.r;;CJlves . : hr've r· sol11tio>1 ',hich I nf:ill .,..res9nt to GenAr" 1 7 ex2nc'er toriorro" t}, t 9n-,:: S[' ~es ., celn.y in fa'TVJL bec,.,use it i'"' rerfectl; 2pr"r9nt t'ht thA VI Co:r''"S TreRc1 ·1u11rt9rs My' th9 3rd P'1ri /,5tl" Divisions C"'11 not b9 evtr1crted i11 +,i.me. It brinn;s 1 1S f''lce to ""2ce FHh tre rerilization thrt '70 n"'ve n. co"!r itnent en om· hrnds ··r1Jic'1 ""ust ½e "'urrlied rnd •_p'YJ.trined throu,:,}, l 81:111S o-"' crrft :f'or sone t~"l8 mtil tr0 Cr:::-sino +'roYJ.t is built ur sufficiently to bren k t~1rourh . A better pl" n , in -,v or~ nio;1 , ~ould be to l"!ass I" 11 me"ns jn thn l'ed.itc~rn..n1;ri.11 - 11, D11 il;~ou1, n"V"'l anri Pir - "nC lr,uncl" rnother Cor:;-s rmnhibious [lttaclr of' t 10 cl-ivision.s , 1ref2rr½l, t,J~e /~t}, Tnrlif'n, or~ Britis}, div:isio11, n..nd tre 155th 11ot 1<>ter tl"Yl Ti'e1,rurr· 15th in 11n rttPck on C:.vitr-ivecch:La . It 'l01J. 7 rl 1-:ie "'racticr71y- unoprosec . I should r" 1<9 fl lrmc1 in1s on the b81lches at ei.th0r side . One clivision could hold tl e rort, wr:118 anothor noved rr~idly on Rorie to 1,J.oc1; the vri.thr1 rPwal of troor, orvosin/"1' tre VI Corns . In 1'1:V orinion it hn.s sreRt rossibilHiAs rind shou 7.d be dnne . ThA 'Javy '"Jill sr>y, 11 imro~si'Jle 11 , but :it caY\ ')e rlcn-. "n( 10 1li ';iife us F clrnce to tr['r t' 9 Q9r,nrns on t1--e Cr ssino f'::-cmt. I '1Pve iust tro'1--;ht o·r +-,ri:1 } lan and "lill ~ive it norCJ st1 1d r torri~ht , r11d if I r:nr11101'.nsurmo·ntn.ble obstPcles wil1 prese11.t it to AlexRnrler to orrow . FRir • eather ;''Ve us 0 noth9r orport11'1~t - to U'110P.C1 [' J.pr~e l'I'l0·1nt of "urrlios . e r,re i'1 .ctoorl. shRne, e-rcept f'or pr~mun5tion. 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Perso11::>l Cl"rk to r:ruenth9r . fl.~T OQl{. 111 101"1 crn Spadgor Corr>s o+> ? Divisio·1s Cl".lrT'V' 0-1 tl--ie jmp9tU3 of /~~ roes ~l8X,"11('9r unrlPrstn.nr1 thP. no.,,ible nece sit;,r of ,ls:lvi:-: ro;,,e of trj_s force if' :;,resent 1:tt11 c1c1 "re ui1succe3sful? 11 i'erson11l Gr 1ent)1er to Cl. rk . R1J 657 . tt1Ar,,.nitzer i·1dicr1tes thf't 'l.lexa11der •1ill rrobn.bly be rl:llucta"'lt to coT 14 t rr->rt of Spac--;rir Force rs surrr;ested in ~'our �59 r~7 i·'p'essio"l is t 1r t \leYDnder visu:--lizes fl sit1rtio·, ,..,,1ereb;r Jrad½"'r Corrs rjF-;ht 1,e forcec to trih? over sector no'r occupfod by 3rd J1I>'\. and 1/,.t:t I"ivj sion . ''ill niscuss r0ints r::,isefl in :ro'n~ rries::1pa9 -1l'en Lerrinitzer cones J-,ere U is Rfternoon . Your GOJJ.. ccr10 sl5 r;},tl:r garbled but : believe 1 nnderstr>nc_ your c1e-:,ire. See rw next ""8SS"C:8 reference TndiPn Jivjr;ion f'or non p9rsonr>l flddress . 1 Frorri Fi"t:1 "..rni;,r to FFth rr-iy Pdv Cl - R'T 65? _tt}'0urth Ind1n.n Division has been ordered f'rom T~j_r,hth Army to Sradger Force . rove,.,,ent \"ill be1dn t(might . tt rersonnl Glnrlr -fron Qrmmt},er - R' 701 - 11 Ler'l Y,88 'ln"bln to throw •ouch 1:-l l"ht 011. Ale".'1nder rlrin e"'CP-,t to co..,f';,,..r ,,..eluct,.,nce to use pr rt of :;rndi:;er Corrs . In f8rsorv11· riesseg8 to I eese, l\lexP.nd r st,-,ted , 11 1 r1J:in to er-rlov Jew ?:ealancl D.;vision north of C:Rssino r1~rect8rl on /lrcGtt . LeM sq-r--:; tbere h::-s 1)een 1 no rlisc1rsion o-"' S''.Cf' a rJr>n . He bel iPves th"t Ale' rinrler his no c efiY1ite plrn but is w 1..,::ti11g d8VeloF1P.nts rn 'Till triH· to you rnc' f'l'rlger . Srrdger v-isit8d ..-,rench Corn" n.nr1 II Go,,.rs tod::i y . 'IP. sa"' Juin but 1ot Keyes . ft presfmt he ar T'9"T'"l to be coy,rluetinr- recc:--•1n1:1~<1scnce only f'nd hris o-ivon no i11,"iCPtion of' hjs in..,entions . Alexandc,r 1 s decj sio11 to gc- to /lnzio to,,i rht ''f1S n SU(1den oYJ.e , but he [l ssur"'ld 1811 ~ t /1.S notr; nr to clc vr~ t}, s lowne'1s of VI Corrs a,1 v:-,nce . }Te S" id h0 ,just wn.nted to tPl 1,,. to G nerPl ~lriri• . He l'F'Y re.-,"in rit Anzio Tuesday nig t . He js •,rina-i-no; h"'"' 1,it J unc'erstr1r1d . }le v:isited T'cCreerr this e~"ternoon. I w1s 1 11jte pess:iristic ov1c1r s;tuqtion here lrst nip½t ,,.Pter I returrn~d fro1"1 Juin Keyes conference . T feel Jetter r-bn' t ~t tonight . -,nem7 )'"S everyth"np; cornr-dtted , Pnd : bcilieve "le will tri.1'.:e CAssino . Vo '9VP..,.., no blitz is 1ndicrted . Keyes "Ji 11 p;iwi no 9S-Si~Ate . "'ine j s Febru,.,ry 6tJ- - I J-,ope . 11 0 0 * 1 RSS~F'l,A'TO-- F~B~TT~RY l , 19/)j.--G ,n~rnl J\l ,:Pnd,.r .nrriv d b;r destro.r0r pt, the con•rorinc' ro"t 11.t Anzio at about 0730 ancl cr "l Pt once to Gener,.,l Clar'k: 1 s co· r-nn'' post . '7ith hin uer"l ~e'lt"!ral }'nrding rrir1 his 1--.i1it8TY Pnd nRV/'.11 rides . Cr .n~r"l Cl,,,rk at once hr>d t:1 S"lrious cnri.versetiori. "-"Tith ,...,..,nerPl Al-:ixBndl')r rbout th"' J.-,tt ... r 1 i:- sup- rosition thrt '31-T 'G-LE hnrl not 1,,"'n e:,._'T'loit"ld n.s rnrinl'r "S icir: t h~·ve b"'!en the .f C"se . G"rJ.~rt:'l Clr-rl' noint~d ont ti--,..,t s""ri0us orrosition hAd b en m,t b·,. thn VI Con1s , r>n-1 +,hrt there '"8.S no vrlid. r;ro1ryi -"'or rli_ssqtj_;;':'Pction ,,-·th th, rrocrress \ ""ade . 'I'h"l G,..n")rr l nent on to outlin~ +'or C'r ,n,,r" 1 A1,,., ~AnJ0r tbe rro•,osed o:--erc ti.on At Civi.tn.vecc ~iP descri', ,cl in ycst"lrcl.<'Y ' s diRry. G"lnerr, l /1 lev-::md""r nnd G~neral P..,rd"-nq; ap.,..,,a,,..,d to l,e tri1·cn nooc1· by tre sur;p;"'!stio'Yl ,-ind cc,uld only state thA.t it :nres"nted 7 or-i--:;ti.c,:,-il dF'ficnlti~s . ·.ro this G~·v"r:> 1 Cl<>r 1r.: sa ~a , "C v .rco!"e tJ-, ... ! 11 P'"l fl" id trnt ,., 11 tr"t , 0,1lc' ~ n111cess"r r ,.,.011ld be for Gen,,rr 1 Alexenc'"lr to P'1"t fn,...iral Cunnjn'"'·r.,"' nnd ttrub his nose ·h11 tr,e rroposAl nntil the l'r11-1irr-il coll,:,ct'1d th, n,cessrir" crnft tc lrnd ,:it th~ ro-5.rits ~n r:pJ.estion . Th'1 results, G':)rt"'!rol Slsr'· said , wnnl.rl. ITT'~Rtl:r ,ri.hnnc"' Gn 1."';rP l ·"..l~'':Elnd ,r Is r~ru+ntion n s ". il~tary co .....,..,n.nrll')r . G"YJ.ernl Clr,...1 "'u.rt'h r srirl -t-;J-,rat r,, hed no ennc""rn ris to ·vho (' cor--,...and,d th~ or,r'-'tion or vho <;ot the cr,oit +>or it; wh~t h~ · :~bed to s"e WP.. S th, r ."''llts . "o ,,,.v,r , Qn11,-..r~l C1Pr 1". snjcl ... ;..,,...,t i.f G,..-1.r'lr,.,l ~lJ-~pnr er ·ish"d hi to t'lk"l th-is n~1 r,r0i ,ct i1e 011ld do it "rrl 1cu1 r1 sncc~ed in it . In "'nY 9V"'YJ.t , frl"n"'rRl c1...,,~,, s.'."'id 1 df'y sro·1lil. b" Febru"rv JSth "n.d ,wt lrter , "'S til'le i_3 rrecious , and t. 11'~ op,..rntio11 ~ruln b" ~ onrit"'ld b. th"t t~r r'; ~ {' s•1f'f'i_c~ "'nt ,n ,rr:y 'l re, •~isrl "V~d . l G~n rPl !le"Ca ,dP.r P'1(1 Gl')n~r"l ;r.. rdiri,-r ½otr sric'l th"l. th"'l r ,<itter v0rr '1"')rio1rnl~·. 1 7r 1 1ld hf'V to ccris5cPr �Fol,_o"".;1'10" t11-t.s tr11( , G~nf:}rr>l Cl,r1r , G"lner'1.l P.l~'rancer rind G·,nl"lrRl rrrding vi"'it~d the CF o"' VI Cor,..,•c,, '3rd D.;vi<,ion ,,,...,,~ the 1st Ar11ored Divic:ion. Th ,,'f th "ll return"ld to lllYlCt"' [: t t½, CO"''•qn,i rost . \ +'ter lw1ch G~n4'rE' 1 Cl nrlr, ; ho bnd S1lJ11"'oned .; s G-/,,7 to t 1'1" '11"J' ly-coT rl~t~a lPnr'-'1,,.,. 9+,,...ir rt r . . ttuno , -int .r"'fl. 1°:i s rl~'1e Pnd set oPf f'or 1 '""rc·ir'ni~r; , JSCorted hy f0ur Sr"tfirf'.'!s ,v'~ich ,..,,d been on t ., lrm.ding strip ""nd lrd b"'l1"'1 hci tily ordered to t,"'ke off . Thfa '111.provised escort ·ras Dl"Jcecgrir rs t " ,"'Cort -:-r"lvinusly, 1•rpnr,ed ·ritl: th"' •rI= J\ir ~urp0rt C0"1""Pnrl h-1d. f'n.:lE'!d to nrriv~ , (lll~ tot!-:~ "'urrositio'1 ('"'1 tt,.;r r~rt thPt the weath"lr 1.ade .(>lyinr; .:rrrPcticaol,~ . G.n ,rel Cl""r1r "'i"lC. r~s escort lrnd"lrl S"::r-ily £'t Parc;"'n1se ,..i~ld , ri11.c G.,n"lr,l Cl<>r1 G"mer;-,} :,~'7 7 8 '1.nd Lt . Col. 'intJ:-11•rlrnd ::, r,t,n·n"<l. to tlie co """Pnr rost jn cnh~ . I ... ,d-'..,t,ly uy;on ri8 r"lturn t1"3 G n r"'J. c1-ir;cu<1s d ,,.;th '}~r.rPl ,rU"''1+r.,r +,i-, •·ln.n ·rH-;h f'"' hrcl proroq,c_ to G,n,rP.l Al~~-ann".lr '"no. obt . . ~1,d .-,ro·• G "nrt=il Gru,ntl~ r the J~test r~rorts on tre C,ss:i.no oper"+,-tons . 0 r -rsn"1nl to l\lexanc'l"r "ro"' Clrirl:. :?.'I 1117. "}reSPF1t '"'(1 -icrot~cns .,..," -'.:.rot CasJi'10 h i··h+,s -,;_ll ,~ -;~;:-'t1T:' v~r;r soo,, . :;:+, "u,c ;1,si--;t 'l'" T"<>terfrlly ir, -ror-ul"'ti."'<"' ,T'f "'nt11••p ;- 7 "'"'8 i+' .ro11_ C0'1 1.ci ~,,,,q-i_cr-t, no r -1) ,.,,~ss'o·1 'ric1 you cont •11 1 ,t'.'.l for tJ-,"l >m1 r;- .r "'ore, . I d,-,~r, to rit:ov V1ic; "'ore~ to --1v""nce nortr·:rest i·1. +,},~ Llri V- ll~y 'l;'~'W tlie II Car:-''' to Jl'"'tect t'1~ r~ c"}-t -r:::_nnlr of tr, 0DPC1 ger Fore~ . II Corrs ·,ill rirlvsYJCC -: n th" r'~.rectior T"re 7 l4'-Ro°C'1. )~CCP <>·1d "t . C<>st ,llo "'J - I~'°'d~~0·1t ,-Rocca ;l"C'CA. . ·r 'ncl• Co:,,r, J.:;o Pdvrnce 011 ttirn Pnd t r--·1c~ on ..;o:-P . JJec-·<:.-:o- nn ':•r,d'=-~r Fore~ 3}'0'1ld ,..,, rcr·ched Ft 1d rut i.11to "f'f~ct fr'"J'A'J.i,:,t~ly 1.11 order t:1rt l'T}'rit "'Y"f' ,t'J.s t 11~r"' 78 l,..ft to Fi::'th Arc;/ s011tli')rn e.ttrlc'r sJ,-,011ld not b" lost ." 1 1 -x- * * Pr~s /'1ZA'J(~--1<"8BF.Uil.RY 2 , J_0/,4--'ft ,r t8 1-:::::i_ 1 ,.p; err' o·r 8 hervy p CCUT"UlF tio'1 o+' Fr .r •s10r'r r·-yl b:l.c"cl-i"1.0' ...,.ooc'by, to 1 "j . G~n . ro11,:; ,, is r-,turni11rt to the 'n:te<1 Str-tes rp,cl to Drii:;('l.diF-r Geri, ral ''ax ro ~" ,ro p-oin,: to join tlie 8:-'11.d 1\.ir1,orn, Division iJ'l ,n'1'1Pnc1., f}nn"'ral CJ,.,r'" l~+'t 'is ·!"'a-1 ,..,u,•~'t,rs ~.t lJ.C'() iours to ,,~nit t·,o o"' 1·.::'s Corrs Co~J1rincfors . At the II Corn:: CI, G"l"'erf'l Cl.<>rk con±:'"lrrec vritli 'rij . G...,n . Kcy~s C0'1C i·nin<:; tl • si-SUA.tion Pl0'1P' t½"' II Corr::. -"'ront, A.nr' rlrinr for tJ e i'"-~ediPte +'uture . The situFti.on is -reirly gr,od, fllthougl· tre Ger,.,,nns rre still resi-tinrr stuhhornly, r2rtic 1lPrlv 'l.rO'P1r th-· lr~y c1P-f ... nse roint of Cassino . (}rm ,rn l Clrr 1 told G"!·-1 ral Y~:ns thr>t r'~ nrofos~d to r-ov : th"" TStri Di vj si.on f9rthe:~ to th~ nort'') so tJ.i.rt 5t could strik, west alonn; t 1 e r ~ g0 p:round nc.rth of C:::;_ssino . GenJrPl ~"r<"}•rb11rg 1 s 'Jew ZeA.lr-ncl Div-: sion ,.,.ould tl "''1. h us~r' to c<ttack alono- th~ Liri River 1o rl.<>nrs . The _3/{,th Division ·roulc'l join th, 16th jn this vest"'rn thrust north of Grssino . G"ln""r·1l C1Pr1c l1incr."'c1 with G.. n~r"l 1:~_.,..s .,nd sc"'- of ~-"' stn.-rf o"'fic"'rs r>nd th""n left -"'or the Fr~nch ":Xf"lditionrr.r Cor::--,s corr, r..,n'i :~o-:it iust rl-iove V""r"-rro . l\.r·,,.iv~nr; ~t t1-l"! '"rrincr Cor-rs , G~n.. rPl ClFrk '7Ps rn ,,t h G~n"rnls Juin , 11d il.oosev 1 t, nnd '1"'! ,.. ,nt · r , ~ai~t~ly : nto tJ, , corps ap room to i1~ SC'lSS plflns rith G"!'1 .rel Juin . Th., t"7o :-'re11c1- djvisio-1S ·~ill no i turn t'h jr R.ttack northvmrd striking e lo:rig the :riorth- soutr ronf ler.di'1': to ·prd J\t:: nD . G.... n rr>.l Jujn -:mirl th1t ;~e hf\d rec.,,.iVeQ l , 000 '1ntive replPc ,~ent::; ,~rort TTorth A"ricP r.ind t11r>t r_,, wns r')ady tc-, jur-r off 0n tle 9+,tac1, at i=my Vye . G,n~rnl Clrir-: sa~.d tl1""t th. otr r divis:lo:ris jo-inil'lP- .;11 .l,:,h, ntb.cl: conld not bt'l Y'c<JPCY 1uite so quickl:,. In fnct it rrobrhly '1011lrl be :cm·· or f·'.ve cfavs bP-+'or~ the ne' offrmsivc co 12ld ,~ lf'·mch~d . Tn1n~::--inq 11bout •-.rencl-i r ,fl"ce "nts , G"'n"'r~1 'P<i rl_or , 1 J �Clerk learn ,d thn.t 0t!1r-r nntives nrn rca(v to sriil +'ror "orth 11:fric<"' but thrt the rrincinal -r,,r"'net' rl'lrlr..c~r ~nt nrobl~n ''P'S in Fr ,nch o•~f'ic"rs r,y' non-corwission~d o.c>fic~rs . T11"•ir" nr~ -rew r~rlrocem.nts for t 11es~ '""l")n , nio"'t of \-'orn hnve J.rd to sca·0, fro fr;~nce . G~n~rc1 l ,Tuin rromj sed t rt his Gonr11s v;culd take r1011nt c.- :ro nnd that tre"T 11ro11ld rln11t the '1trrs n.:r-cl ~tripes n.nd the French Tricolor on the crest o:' the 'll01A7.ta;n . G~n..ral c1~rt: SP.id tbrt if' 7,he Gourns took t..,e !"ountain he want~d the ricolor t0 fly f;,bove tre Jters anc. 3trip,s . G"neral ,Tuin c greed vigorously nith G~n"!rn.l Clprlr tbnt 11 He .,..,rt 1reep the ½riyonet f'°!rr~tur lly in tl·e r·un ' s behind" , if 1e r1r~ going to s ove 1--d r:- bn ck raridl Y . Gen .ral Clnrk also lenrn .d thr>t "' Gnn rnl of th~ /~th I"ldinn Divisio:-1 WP. s in thf'! French a::..·en torlay lookinc- oveir the t~.,..rn.in to see if Tndi"'n trr,ops could Pight in th':l countr;v Fh~re the French di.visions nre now rushing +'orw[lrd . G,.,n~rril Cl;,rk l"\;{fTessed ris objec tion to tres" o-"'fi_c ,rs goi11r; ~ nto th., section whrm "t ms not his :;1:-n to employ eith"lr th~ /!,tr- ·~"ldfan Divi3iori or t11c ~ evr ZP,[llPnd Divi ~ion in this f'IOuntPinous country. G~n~ral Clar 1• 1.-,ft th-, Fre11cr Corra reric.quarters n'1.rl :,--etnrn-n.d to his 0'7n advPnc~ co r "'nd post Pt Fr~se'1zr-no . Upon returnin-,, he ~nform0d GencrPl 1ru,nth ,r of' ris d"scu-::sio'1s with G ner<>ls K"'Jy ,s R"'.(' Tuin a11r• t.11 ,n cnri.ferred br:i~f'ly 'Vith Colon~l Sul7_:ir11, th"? Arry ';ut=1 rterr,,ns~ ~r , · ho 11r d cone up "'ror~ th : r~nr Jche lon, ri bout nro hl~ s of t rr;•y sur l·r. * }-ff-; )r; T7A'Tf' --Y ~3FFFIRY 3, 1944--G"'"l rnl ClPrk too1<- off +>ro~, tl"e ;:;'ifth 11 r,,,.,y- co' rand rost strip 1-:Jy cul) t>t OR/!,5 t is r orn1ng. B:19 arr-:v~d nt th, JO CorJ s striT' 11t £> bout 0900 l 1ours wher" ' ~ , JI? s r•"'lt ½y G.rin~r" 1 cC:r er;r th , Corr s Cor '"lntl.-,r rnd proc .,dee! tn T{ePri.'JU"'rt ,rs 0 01 Gu:-.rds BrirrR.de 1h .re 11, ,1_,,t F2j . Gen . Gr")gson-Ellis , Co.,.rrnd-:na th., Sth British Divjsio"l , Ms Brirr::idJ Co"'!"a11r1,,rs ,-.-rir1 oth r o+'fic~rs . P.-"ter ::i )ri"l-r c0·1,:_rnltE'tion ,jt11 thes~ o""''ic,rs, the A.rrv Cor anner rroc~ccled to Tufo wher~ h~ sp ,nt snT'l, ti,•e in two OP 1 s o½s,.rvi'1P' th, terr['in rind discussi'1n' tr e 10 Corps Ptt;:, c'r ..,:i tr +,he Corrs Com•!J.nc,er . G~11~rr 1 ClPrlc took of'f fro'! th~ sb· ip , r~turn-inF to >1,s co.,.,,,.,,Pnd post Rt 1175 . 1 1 G .nern.l Alexrind"'r hr>c1 exrresscd n _,rish to r -i<::cuss '7it11 G".!n rrl Cl"r 1,.,. t11e \ VA.rio11s "'rohl ,l:13 fpcirir.; tl1 "'\ ~.rrriy Co :r2nder on tre nz-i.o and Cr>ssino :ronts. Accorc'l-i•1r;l:0, ..,t RP_ roxill'atelr l//)0 G .n r l Cl"'r-!{ fl"li•r by cub rlr->nl'l to CE>sertP , "'h ,re le lPnded b~• tl-i"' Hat .. rfr 11 ::rnrl "ent b~f CQr to Genl"Jrf11 Alex3.nr1er I s hMd q11art..,rr1, •1rh,r"l h, co11f~rrt"lil -"or aqrox" "t,ly i=i.11 hour ·ith Gen~rals Ple'Cf'1,ler and ,-,re; v.rp· b ,-"ore l'')tnrnj nrr to ris CO"'r•pnn post by Cllb . 0 The frr,.y Cor'"Pnoer re-c•')ived t h , f'oll◊'·;'1ro- T"CS ra') "'rori }1js Chief of -·taff tl-Jis r>ft rr:oon ''Tho W"S up Pt the new brir'geheRd rre8 checki.,,,g 0;1 the ituation . Rr . 18°. 11 Fnve seen Lnc:Y, . H~ feels .,,£'irlY cw·fortnblr, r>bout ,~resent situr> t"on. ~Jo 1 nd:cr>tio11s y~t o-r- rajor attnc\: . Does not nlen to ·-,~thdraw 1st Div., but ''il] be n"'cessn:c,r to ,dthdrAvr '.lrd Div . JiouP'hnuts r>ml linuor h"'V"'\ hnd v'oncerful ~"".l:>ect . 11 0 TTpon l'l"!C"lip+. of .._,r~ 8 bove C' bl~' th~ ~r1117 Co•'1~,nnc1~r disr:>tc1~~r1 the .,..ollm inr- cicr)l., to Gn,n~rr.l Lueras . PJ 14/,/!, . "Gru~nth~r r~rortq sitw tion ·rell in h<Pnd . .,,"{r.: .ct to fly up cAturc'.~y riornjnr- nnd loo1·' the ciiturition ov~r . Arn 17,lPd 3rd Division is b~i'1'; orrr,rin-1zed nn_ T'l"ced in ri P1orJ coi"p"ct situr+.ion 'h<1r~ it can ~ith"lr rep ,1 collnt.,rattack or later, at Pn ar ropriat~ ti , , ,.,1{e Pn ::ill out e.ssr-mlt O"l Cister'1.a . 'ir- 11'\a}~in~ r,lnns .ror "JJ out w·srult h~re. ill "'ivc you 1 1 �the details 0.,1 Sr-turda'r. lt .~r-rds . 11 G~n rl'l Clf'r1" .,..,iceiv d r- C"rile +>ror, Adnirnl Lo'TY th 1 Con•.an<ler of 'I'i:,sk Force ;¥81 in , hich r"' ~}.Tr~ssed rd.s ple,,sur~ f't norldnP, ,.,jth tl,e Fifth Army P.nd :bis hop'"! for R aui ck junction :l n Ror ,e . G~n~r!':'l Tl'te , Fi+'th ArPly G- k , todPV subf'!itt1'd a rl"'rort to Corr~anrl'!)r r,-,p;nrfli.na trc '~ur,pl "';_turition Rt Anzio . The rerort th-, suppl • 9itw,tion in g ,n"'rl' 1 -is Sl'l.t:i.sfr- ctory for the troops excert for E>rtiller:, RP"'mnition . Ad justT'lcnts in the surrly of nition ar, ~i11~ ca.de driily 'by tht"! 1c;rr - trucv n<1tror . the Fifth l\rr y .<>sscrted th0t no ::r in th.._, ar1'P nrtill .r.r Br rm- The ~ nfnntry r"'rl::> c"..,,~nt sj tuntion -in Fifth Army is b"'cor,inrr r11or, :, cute ev .ry rla.y. A+.'ter co-1siderf'ble ,tuc1 y o+' the nrobl ,ni, G('mernl Cli:irk c..,1-iled G,Jr~ral Dev~rs as f'ollff1s: 'R,'T l/~09 . 11 Inr~r>ntr rePl'"'Cr)T ent s-itu0 tion in Fifth rr,y is ~xtr(Y el-r s~rio11s . Fresfl:l'1t srortar s i 11 6 i. vi sio'1s nm· ,Yceed <S , 00C' . Nunh•·r rr"s~ntly f'W,~ lPbll"J in r'"°'rot is 800 , whicri ~ncludes '3CC ..l ich hrve been co werted to i nfPnt:r-y from. oth"'r bro.nch ,s . CP sun lti,,,,s j n tl-ie 3rd Di vi 1ion c1.lone totnl ?L,00 of 7},-i ch only 900 c1re non- bri+,tl'1 . Total United Stftt~s er sunlti~s in VT Corps nre rro . In-~rntr:r "'hortn½e :n '3L.th liv:5sion is 1'300 . In '36tr Division '3000 . J r~sent o-r~r tions involve sirnultn.n~ous U"e of' all di.visions "nd re q,1-i.re tbrit T /o str na;ths b"l • a.:ht.., in":!d . 1 1 0 ttr urgentl:r r1'corari~nd BS n ,..,,,.,tt"'r of Of"!rPtj onn 1 n~Ce"'sity thrt 1000 infrn tr~r rP-plncl':l'llents ')~ t.ri}cn f'ror, 85th T)ivision r>nd "'r~rm .d h"lr~ b:r f;:,stest nvnilnble r A1ns. I 1-iPvc fllr'"lndv r'lir~c+,cc1 that infantr:r r,.,.rlrcer ~nts b, t£1k"'n ~rm~ 88th Divis-ton "n~n :t nr-rjves , ½ut I desire to liriit thPt nu.,...ber to minirnu,'ll Pbs0lutcly n~cesser·r. Th,re rr~ rlso shorter;es in artill~rv, P"!d;_ccil l'nd enr;in"!ers, but t "'Y P.r"' not y"\t r.rjtj cal. 0 "I ;-, lso 1 1rt-:~ thr,t cverythhi.r• rossihl~ b"' dnn~ to ~1ove u-r th~ F~bru"ry r>nd ~•o;_rch li f'ts o+> r~r'lncer-~nts fr01., th~ Un:i tcd Jtc1tes rim' +,o e'r.-,edite shipPent to Itn ly of RTUS fro, ·rorth l\fricr . } leP s~ E>dvj se ~ct-ion t<i 1,.""n• 11 * * L,, 1'1'"'cE,gA' 0 - -Ti'.,..,B,'tF~qy 1944- -At 0G00 tMs ,...or11hw G,')l•"lrrl Cl;-,r 1,. r~ceiv1'd G•n~r, 1 I Ke•r~s, .Tu jn f''1d R")11Clt"lr i.n J.-,~s hut . Th") '":ll[)j~ct ().(> tris conf""r"'1C~ ,~<>s thr. rro- \ ro:;,d r"'nrrl'nr,~:--.-int oft},,. forc~s on th~ Cr>ssino front, in vi~·~ o+' -:.he Rrdw·l r+> th~ 'L' '.fonln.nd Gorns, Cor n_,yl..,d b· G~n~r,,l Fr~•hurr, . Bri~f'lv ,t.-.t"'rl, G.. 11,rnl Clrr1" 1 '3 tl-io110'ht, n,3 ror0s~d to G,n,rPl .Tuin, ''PS ti-nt 1-ir-i 3J.-,oulrl Ce'"'S') to ,....0ve 1-ii s Corps on At.-i.n;:, 8 nrl r .-ori_Pnt T-ii s e+>+>ort to-erd Ter~lle - 11.occa .,.eccr . GPvi~r;, l Glar 1( propos"?d to reJi ,v~ th, -:i;t11 DivisioP fro,.. ~t:J rr .s..,11t ro"itionP ['3 soon r>s ;os~ibl"' 11 '1rl disrhc~ :it. north of th, '3/i-t • JT_ th"!n T'ropo'l"'f to rut the ·rew ~eelrnG D-ivision in jnst s011th on trc Crssi.no +'')<1t11r~ FITJ.d b8Vt" ~t strjk~ north,·est,..,~,-.i1 up ti-ii'\ I ir-i iT:,11.-n. Gen~ral Juin ir .,.,~dilltel:v '7'!'8Sn"'r t'fi~ fnct t1-i_nt this rlrn i.nvolv"?d P r1 esir11.})l_~ CC'"lC ,ntr['ti.0'1 of' norc rl'1t'h"'!r· trJ:1'1 1licr~rsi.011 of jt. H"' st;:ited, ho ·•w ,r, thrit h, .,.nst 1-irv~ r-rot, ct-i.on on tr~ nort'fi 0f l,i s rr~s~nt position ·h":\r~ ~_+, :=i.r•join .d the ";-iP-}'th t\rllly. G~n~ral Glrr1' rrordser1 to lnok into tlie 1Jucstion of' Its. 1 "irn. n.'1.c: ro'"'s-ibly so e .l1 m"ricr'1 troors to h lr the si'1~le co,.,,bat t,.11 , 11.i er f'}~,ii-r<- 1 Juin ·,rps ri hl , to l""f v . 011 tl c n0rtr. �G 3 nu ,st-ioYJ.s -j,-wolv"'d :i11 th"! ~r,,rlo~:fl'.'lt'mt o.,.. th, l,T"'w 7,en 1 r'nd Corps. G~n"'lrr:l Fr,.,yburg ) stater thrt 'r:i:, r~conneissorice 'R.S in proP-r~ss ,110 thrt i11 two cir '3 he could get th'3 'Ie·'T 7,e" lanc'lers -in rosi tfon r;outri of Cassj rio to 11:oVl'; north'"'"'st ur the Liri Vr,l 1 J.T . At luncl1 GenP-rnl Cler1c r-ece:i.vcd nn.ior G"ln rr>l r·cI"n.hon Rn,'l. ;h,ior G•nerc>l Rob"lrtson , Co....,'""Pn<'F"'P: the ~th and "nd TT . S . Jnfnntrv Divisions r1'spectiv.,.ly. Thl"lse o+'f'icers, ·•hose 11.11i.-':.s r>,re 'lo.., in th!'! lritish IslP,s, hn.v"-' co""e wjtr '1°rue of their 0°"fiCC"Y'8 to Itrily to studv actual or~rp-'",~ ons . G... ri~rn 1 01::T"lr "'urnishcd t},eTII w'th ,je"lt'S ['''.\d recor'1[-)7"'Si1.'1Ce CATS Awl <J.rrflnrr.~d for tri~ 1 1 to visit II Corrs where tr"l~r would o-,,.t experience ~ n actual ,mrfare 11s c0nd11ct~r "'.:,oca.r. In the r-> "'t,.,r-r1oon GenPrnl Juin r ,turn~d yrj_t}, G1'YJ.l"!r,l CPrpl'!ntier f1ncl Colon~l Cherriere . G~ner a l Cl Arl,. to l d G~n"lrnl ,Tuin thnt "' hprl fcund r flllw rundred Itqlirn troops to reinforce G~ner'11 .Tuin 1 s north~rn flPnk . G .n~rr,l J,1in erir:erly strotecl thrt YJ.f"! 'WS renrlv to ta," ur the n,w r>ttnck Terclle - Roccasecca . G.n~r~l Clr:- 1r, rr"'n"!r::il Gru.-mtr~r and Gen ,rr> 1 TPte P 11 v~ o;orousl7 a::rner-tcn , howeve r, t hr-i t thl"?rc , •ust b" econoni.~r exerci s~d by G"'n rn 1 ,Juin in tl-i~ cc11c;u~ption of artill~ry 11.n11,unition , as r, hrd h~en b 1 1r'1in½ nor"'l thFr ::>n;r oth ,r nn:'t . Genr.,r"'l Juin s11.id thf't i-,.., 1rn ':V it , ')ut' ,~1-i"'l'1 his soldiers su":erec1 hePVY cr"'!urltj~s r·1r'i 9till hnd to hold on , the onl-r rr-y 1 1, 1 ,m~',r to ricco·-:rlish it ·'Tpc; to use artillery on t:re G~rr-Pns . 0 At din'1cr G"'n~rr l Clnrl~ ""'1t"'!rtr-i in"'d Gonerri 1 P~uclAr, Golo'1el S? ltzri>n and Lieutenant Colonel }orter . I>1.rl7 in the ev~n:inp.: Generl?l Clrirk clictoted th~ f'ollm1iY1g +'or in ½is dia:r: llVj sited 10 Cor·· s yest':lrrln:r 1w cub, ,~ns """lt by G ,n~rrl , ccr--er7 :1nc tqJ·en to the Hint11rno Pr•r1, -rhr>rc I visited thll! Sth Divinio'1 ::ind ...,,"lt its ne·.,. co~"'nYJ.cl"r, T½.j . Gen . Gr,o;,0'1-ElliP. Pe ?nd his prLncip~l s bord 0 nrt~s i~nr s~"')d ~~ A.s being, h-i P,'hly er-ficient 1:i->1.d likeable ch'"lfS . I 11is:i.ted tre Tu:"'o Prer> -::bere, fr/")'l\ an OI I hnd P onoc'l. loo c flt thl"!ir '1~xt ob,ject5v"' • TTrg ,rl l'cGr•cr~r tr lnimc" an rttrc1~ 2t the earliest possibl, drte . He fP-els hl':l r,ny not be r>ble to do it b~forl'" th.e ?th. ,rq~turned 1 cub to my co~, ,1n<i rost . Flew 1"'t 14 30 to R confr!rance v,j th ;y G~n~1~91 l\.l,xRnd~r rl.l1d G~n1'rr>l Fr~:~ourg r>t Cf1sertR. G-,n~rr1l :!:"revhurg had been d~rected by Alexr,nder to rrep::1rP reco.,.,,Pl"lndi;tions fer h-i s e.,,.;-lo; ent -: n tJ-1~ Fi f'th I Ar:-.,.v frr.nt . Frevburp; hPd do'1."l tr is ·ajtl'out re-1:er~nce to Jll-,. Ji le~rrinrler hd like·11is"' :mnr'1c nlr>ns, n.11 of v;},ich emit~ un"'Jtric;.-,11-r, f'or .,-,f't~r r>ll it is T"Y job to pr~rrre the tPcticP>l '"'lnns PYJ.c conduct the or.•~rr>tions of tre li"ifth Jrrn:y. It ·,7i;,3 EJr.rar'!'1t at th~ ½eqi11n; n,~ o ~ tbe ,.,. eti '10: thrt 15th l\:r:rr.y Group P':.d """revburg 1~re p;oil"J.P' to tell m~ ,just Po', ni-r n xt [lttrrc 1.,. 1 ould b~ r 11de . ; ob.j ,cted rs dirlo:niF' t~callv PS no_:si~lP- . D-iffe,...~rl ~ntir.~l • 1it. h rre:rburr, 1 s end ~1.,,rmncle.~ 1 ~ v:ie1 s on ti"'~ er•rlo, e-110 01 the YITevt lealand Corns Rnd told ther, th"t, in my orin10'1 , the Few '3-,13. la."lriers and TndiA.ns ,-rould not get to f'irst bn.so 1wrH no; in tre Cr ss5 nof"o1n,:t Cniro "ou~1tr>inr;, t½r-t the II Corr,s 11.nd Frrmch sho1 1ld r,imin in th')re Pnd the 'ew z~olanders car~ i.tt!'d. to thri Liri VRlle:r ,,hen tl,,,y could .,.~t "Cro"s the Pqrido without too ""UC½ .:'ir:;htj ng . I nrg"'d thst Freyburo Rnc1 hj s co, "0 n.d be f'.lc>Sed to 1':V control ir,,difltel,r . Thr,v fina11;,r Po/~er- to y rl<'ns, n.nd Fre.rburg VPS pl,,ced unc1 ,r rrrr C'Y"", ,;i_11d . I �i, had in handling the t.revr Zealander Bx-plaining thPt they -rere territorial troops, responsible only to their 1?overnnent a.nd v;e ht:'d to get Along rri th them. I assured r.im our relations wouln. be happ:r and th::it "'e =ould T'i8.ke a go 0 1 ' "In view o:"' certain intelligence·I had r11ceived th'.'l nir:ht before on enemy intentions in tl10 FFth Arny l\.nzio bridgehcHd, I sent the following rad:i.oo;rRfl'I to GencrPl Lucas: issued to you to :=i.dwmco ;,rour left and to cr1pture Cisterna 11re hereby rescinded . You sh011ld novr consolid2.te ,·rour bePchhead and mrke suitable disrosjtions to neet Rn attrw 1-:: . You PP~T withdraw 1st Division far th~r to south if vou consider thRt Action nclvisable . Ar<vance on ow objectives will be r~suri'"ld later . "\::if'th~r v~rf'li tting Gru"'11th0r rill r ee ch your HePdqm1 r ters nt 1130 tor1orrow to give furth?r d"tails . Ackno··rledge . 1 1 I nstructions 11 T also sent Genornl Gruenther th~ following cl,'-'y to give hirn T'Or(~ detPils •. I hav"" felt .Por sor•? ta no thHt it '78.s foolish for us to co11tinue to 1.raste our stren~th on an Ptt"" ck 011 Cisternr. G8nl'JrP 1 l\.l~xanr:"r has co•1trar;7' views. I told G'merPl Al".)xandt"lr yesterdPy -ift0rnoon th:-,t I }v .d storped th~ att~ck on Cisterna, <>.nd h~ uas gre2tlv clisturbed . Ifo urg,:;d w, to bf>, rrep"T':ld to attack with that division in an all- out effort to F•~t •:isternP on 48 hours 1 notice and tolcl '"'l.e a,c,;ain that the Gtirr 1 2.ns '70uld not P.ttack in force . I differed agr in and told hirn thnt I would not i"'astc tbe 3rc1 Division, which hPs P.lreBci.;,r hr-,d ?L~OO losses (500 losses for the entire VI Corrs) , but th"'t I would dispose the entire corps to Peet P co1 mter1;ttack in stren~;, nnc thrm bA rrcpered to advance . 0 "Last niirht additional corroborating enemy intelligence indic~ted strong General Alexander received the sm,r~ infor:r",'."tion ,ond lvd hia Chief of .;t,e:,ff t,·lephovie at 1"'idnight, to "rnrn ne of ·7t. I tnl1"ed '"•ith Alexander this T"orn:ing , Fmd he vras delighted th:-,t I hHd ta\:en the defensive rttitudo t~nporaril;,r, and hrid chrnged his •vhole opinion . 1i "l.(r:,lj hood of a.n ~ner,1y attack j_n force FE< inst r,.y bridgehe8d rosition. ur j,1fornf3d Pl~xand~r th2t J had heri "'revburg Pnc liis stef'f in confer~nce 1 this r·orn~_ng 1 1ith Juin , K,;y,es and my stpff rn.C: bad c irected Freyburi:; to rr"1m a r~lief in the 16th Division sector to"1orro nio;ht A.nd thnt toraorrovr, Pt a tir~e to b0 mutun.lly n r,;rccd upon bet,,,.,en II Corps and Fr3yburg I s Corrs the cor'T'!and \ vmuld pass to the latter . Ti'r~yburg is sort of e 1 b•111 jn a chirn closet 1 • He feels h~ is ~oing to win th::i 1·:nr , r>nd ''lith his 15 , 000 V'?hiclcs is going to clutter up the rmtir~ Liri Vf'lley c1rea . Fe inr"diately clash""d crith K'3yes ,-hrm ho 1 ndic2ted wh·c;re he ·-res '""OVinr,; artill~ry , his rrew je.<>lcnr~rs, his In6irms Pnd other ir11p,dimenta . I turn,~d it ov,;r to r,y st2.ff, tellin'{ ?rl'lyburg that he could noYe :into no areas until he had coordjnatcd ,-,it)~ Pll Fifth Arriy activiti ;S . I WPS disappointed in K iyes I Attitude tov.ercl P-re:rburg r'nd sent hil" th~ follor,ing ~ J_e ~~ ! 1, ver 1: ' 1 ' I tried to 1r,ic1.te to you tris "'lorning the i"~oortence o+> +'ri·mdly Pnd coopcrntive reJ.r,t:: ons 'Tith Gencr~l Vrcyburg . 1I j 1 arn constrain~cl to tell ~rou thr:t I ..-as 2 littb r'lisaproj·,"ted in your \ �scTJJ.,'"'hPt br-ll-1g~..,,,,rt .?i:.titude to-.arr:1 h~•• t 1,j"' nrn:l'l'lr; . T '1.0.i. .d "'t , n.nd G '11"rP1 Fr, rburg s:;ok, to of it , "'1.d lrit ,r r;ro 1c to G,,.n,.r~l Gru-,ntb r conc,..rnin<" it . T arrr .ci t, 4:-11 "rl,n( id job r011, >1riv~ b"!e'1 rloj'"'t , th ... 10·7...,. 'hc•l'r" u,pt OU "re 7 "' -fo'Y" Cr>.ssino , rirc'I thrt tl , rov .... _,n~~ of tl·is Sft<:Cial out rutt··n3 i11. yo ·r , att ""it on to of you rr~~~11.ts rm co~~ l ,'ci'1.g r.,..-o½l"'PlS . A 1 tl e ott ,r 1--Ja.nd , .c,: ~'le '7:··~ rlo -j nion .i..1~oops ',}- 0 a:,:·'") V ry j Aq_lous o~... th~ir pr·,rogativcs . The Br itish hav~ -fo 1 md th~m di:"!.'ic11lt to . [>nc'le . The~r h11v, al 'a.rs b,,'c'l "'.-''7"''1 ::::rec,;i.al -::0•,L;:lcie:~.-, ·tjon ..i:ic"' e r1· 7 c' 'lot r--'v, t0 cur ovn troops . rl~?Se ) nr '·,',-' S :'.'..'1. -' "1_(1. I -',-.t,,.,.,,, ":,r .,,.,,. ,fl")"'r r ,lat-' ('•T1", ritli the 1 l';C'Y'"'.,..'ll e1·~cl -niftl, Arr,o . "r· 'lrl harry, P'1d -ol' "'U"t h~lr r11~ ell ,·ou ccn . I, ther fore , loo 1r: to ·on -t.o ~o ,,11 01 1 t o,.. .·orr "lf' iri orc'"'r tc r•,c,1r" y jo "')<isier. }1.erise see tre1t .ro1n• =-te1+'f (1 0~S 1,:1{,ris~ . 1 On r, "' ' You cen ,,,,,crt ssnr"'ld t½."t · rrill 1,r•s Pr:'! r-ive'l "ull ,,.ei,,ht 1 ,re . 0 -"'ir~ ~rd ju t :'1. '11o,...i· g t'.',t yonr rrob- 1-:, 0 0 UPnt to [' ,"in tell yn:.i ' 1 0'"" c'e~, ly I arrr"'C~qt, ",re srl",'1did ;·cr1 : :·ou, ~•ell'~ ~ta·"'" anc ·our ~orJ s ' 1riv, 'on, on t' ~ Cassino ..,ront 11 11c1 ~r l"xtrP.r-el,:r t ~y:::1g corrl~ t io11:J . 1 1: 0 11 Todn~, :: n stec' Jl'in to c , t~ s~"l "f l ., cc-ulrl c i.rect h:.'...s Fr nch Corr s 1 i11 the c'ir ,c";ion f"f T"'"-"' 1 "!-'tl,occ1,,secc11, inster-r' of' .;n th, direction o"' :J.tt"IC ?" B l·onte-Ati"''l . I }1"V~ ius t m"'t 'H'1 Mr• r,o-qjn , ·nc1 re },qv~ P.rrn1.g"'C' tris . Py t--"'fort :is to conv~rc; tl·.,. F-r nc Gorrs , t 11~ II Cor,..," , Fr ,ybure; 1 s Corrs and the 10 Corrs into tl~e Liri VaJ.ley f'or P :'inal rune, • (See OD0r tions Instruction '11, nl1 ic will be publisher1 to""torrow) . 0 "I no'-r ly•ve •'ive corrs under ,..,y cor"'k'l:1d , 0·1lv two of v:li.ich r>re Arn9d cr·n, all othnrs o+> diff'0r8nt rtioneliti '"s • I t}1inv ''f1po1Pon wn.s rie;ht ·rJ,en he C'"'1e to t 1e conclusion thP.t it was better to ::'if,1-it Allies thl'in to h=~ 011.e of them . " * * * FR"';,S'RHZf\. ~ro--F ~BB.TT-\R-l 5, 19/i/4-- In t e rnorni"lg Gen9rPl C:l"'r'-: ·rent by ;jeAT' to vi sit tli.e Co'1I'1anrl post of' tl-ie 34th Division r-it Serv2ro anc1 gPi'1'3d a +'irst hn.nd .:def' of the rro/7:r'ess o-r tli.8 brittle "or Crc:sino . Troop'> of' tre P3rd Infontry bve reo.c>1Ad the outs\:irts of tt ci to· m but ri.ro m0etinq: bitter P nd det0r,.,,; ned resi s tPnce from the Gerrrns rr o r-re dug in in th0 tovm . On tl e road U:e Ganer-1 net anrl t al1 :ed for a ·vhiln FHh Ge 11erel Yeyes 'Tho h0 hrs directec1 to re- group his forces as decided in 'Teste ·driy 1 s co 11:f'erence , puttinrr the 30th Division in north of Cassino to tri. 1re tre ,-1ountrin Vir-iss trer,3 . 1 ::;:n the rtfternoon the '1'1n"-r 0 l rer1dned <>t t½e ccr.n~r· d ro""t, c isr-,osj11.p; of r-id rrinist~at:lve 1"1a·\,t9rs . The Qqnerl rietermined to flv to /\.:"lzio i11 tre M.orn:inr- rind tissure M.nself' thrt th-i•10's fl.re ,:i;oi"l.g rrorPrly ti,0rc . I1:1 the n"'t9rnoon re went by jAer to the 3Rth 1.~v~cur-tion Por;pH::i 1 , · h<1re he visited m;:iny pPtirmts wounded on the Cn.ssino f'ront i'1 recent or9ratio-1s . At rlinYJ. ,r J-,0 0ntertnJned Lt . Col. Wood , r.:o,,:,Pnd 4 y; (V'ficer o-r the ''103ritrl , Pn<' ~hree of h:ls of'ficers , togethPr "lith t•r . & Trs . tltev0nso·1 of the ''7eric"'n Fed Cross . ()r,erntior,s Tnst::1uction 1tl/1- wc1s i '3sued toc'IPy ::i.nr' is 7Hoted b~lo.r: �1. Upon t 11e c11ptuse o;-~ GA,)cTfO J-,nj_ghts Pnd the occupr>tion of n bridgehead j n LJJU V::- Uey sonth of Ci' S 1rro, Ti'i +>tr ArY'ly on the G.A.RJG-LIAJJO-~./1 I IDO front continues tb~ -ittn.ck to the north '-''1.d .,,.,orth,vest . 11 9.. F,.,ench "':'T;ed:i tj_onPrv Corns , cons· r:tinr; 3d Alp;erj"'n Divisions , :.~einforced, will: 0"" the .,nd :!orocc::m and (1) Attack to the ·rest, within i..ts zo 11e o-" Pction , riwJd np; its r1n.in e,:,"'ort aloni:; the m-,'P.-SIJ,1';-n()CG ~ crr,;ccl\ tY'a il , seize RO"iGA. '3ECCA A.riri the high gro1mr east o.(> the '"Alfa River . n tt1e~ d~_rectfo·1 of ATrrA. (2) Cont~nue pr9~s1,1.r0 (3) Vin.int<> in cont"' ct ..;j th F:ishth Arri:r. 2• II Oorrs , co11si st.; rig o.c-- tfle -~/4,tr nnO 16th Divisions nnr1 Combc't Cori1"1P'1d n'9" , 1st frrnoreCi I'iv, .... 9~7.+'orced, 1ill: (?) Assi,.,t t 1e "ey 7.ef"l'\11Ci Co1~·r:,s jn its cros2111f" of tbe B..t} IDO and debonc11•--,ent "nto the LITIT V"lley. (3) r";ubseriurmtl~r att13clr to t}-•9 r1orth"est vri trin its zo'1e of' l'ction. c. ,Jrr:r Ze,-ilrmd CorDs , consistina; of' 2d 'Tew Ze'"land anr L,tb I"1dfon DjvisionB, r'3~n"nrced , '·rill: (1) A<,<,enblG -in the "T TP.C'(!CTTIO fl.re:> er'>t of tre R!J IDO . (?) Be '"'repnrec, on Army ord0r, to debouch into the I.I11I Vr:i lley, t}1 ro 1 1_r,h oleri1ents of IT (!orps, 8.'•.ri rn0k'y ~ts rrin e+>fort n.lo,1g -.;f"-;[1','l['Y 6 attac 1c to t},e 11orthwest ,-,ithin its zone of act·o11 . J)R"lS ,d. 10 Corns , consistir,c,; of' the 5, 1/i, ".11r 56 Divisi.o"'l.s (less 168 Pr:i..g) vrill: (2) CC'r stP 1 ljr-ht forcAs , r:1n..;nt1=dn cont..,ct vdt rand .; n tJ...e direction o+> 1-,vw IA. 1 J2i'1P" (3) rrpo"1 cnrtw·e of' 7 GTO"P.GIO bo prep['rerl. to the nest 1:1nc1 '1o.,...tr"est . (netr ils 1 rter) . 011 th,=,, 9neriy on the Arr1y orrer to e:;.,..,,.lo:t �U+) 11 !~ . l rotect le:':t f}.[1n}r of ::'jf't'- Army. +,"l"'l Iristructio''.'3 f'or coorr1in"tioYJ. c,f ['rtillerY f':ires 11ill be isr:ued sep- nrately. " * * fR.,,'"'F.'•IZAJJ0 --""'-;:9".U~'R.Y (, , lr:J!i/4,-- Gem:rA.l Glnr 1 " 19ft f'or tJ-i9 be.,chherid h:r C-/+7 from l"arc;;,nir;e Pirroy,t, to ,-,l icr h9 flew 1)y ~ub . Fe "'PS accor-r~·ni0d ')y Crrtriin LRmrso11., 'r· . Peach, c;ergennts rolr1en An' ~;uitte:1-nen anc1 triA frdtbful ,J~rg1;ant Chr,ney. Jn thr:, rlane '7ith the r.,rty there also 1ent G,~nerr,l Brpc,shaw rn/ his 1:1.ide, Lieutenent Re'1le'r, a.:nn ·~a.jor Ross, of the G-1~ Section. 1 Soon Rf't0:r- arrivii:1i:; Pt tre .,,j +'th Armv A1'w1 nce Crrrir>Rncl fost r>t AYlzio, G9vie1 ral ClPrk c enPrtnrl to visit VI Corrr--, 3rd Divisio'1 , 7-st :9rittsb D:vision, 1st rmorPr Divi:--:i_on a'1a the Speci~l '~nrvice ..,orce, T'r:,turnj•1.o; to hi-c:; comfl['nd rost jn m~d-.,+'ternoon <>-"ter rriv:i 1'"' dj,c,Fsed t)113 sjtiction vrith the vrrious COl'll"!Pnr18rs o+> t 1 ,e'V3 1m~ ts r>ncl "1emb9rs of' tJ-,e5r st8 ffs . At 171. 5 G(m--ir" 1 Clic-rk clrove by jee to thA VI Corrs co,~~"nd r 03t "rl---erA he hE>d d:l nner ;7ith GP:riciral'1 Lucas and Feiser, rP.tllrn1'1r to } is corrr.f1nc1 r,ost pt, riooo rours . 0 T'ris AVG"l-ing GeYlPral Clarr receiv d th9 -"ollorjn,:,· s:itu,-,tion rero·~t on the \ Gn.ssino ,.--.ro11t +>rori G0neral Grwmtrer . E~; 1533 . "H9RVY f-i .c:;hting c011tirn19s in the Ccissino nr8n . 115 P,e.aimeYJ.-1; ~s ner:.r "':C''11 stnry·. :1_;7c"er i-,~s hopes of surrounding it thfr aft9rnrovi . XeyRs esti.,, tes ti.~t 1/, Tlivi'1ion ,-rill not be strorP, eno11p;h to t,R1:e Cnssj_no nn-1:,il trr-o-r;:; ;n Tere 1 .l8 RT"lr Cf'n be relieveil rm' tJ:,ereby ( be f'r9e to 13c;sist i·1 Gassinc, "rer nttack. 3(, Div~ sion "'trrts relief' i·'1 Terelle areri toni P,ht . Frenc'.1 sector ,7uiAt . A-',r reports r Jtrn:1 rby. Res11lts rill be 1movm l nter . ()" e:i 11 wi 11 ry~et you oq30 :'on,l2v r,orniric- . ll 0 1 0 1 ThP /\r ;' Corirr1nnc er to,1 rY recejv 0 n P P1r>mor nc1nn from 1,~, G-/, rointi11r out tre crjti~Pl slortP~8 i·,1 prruTm~tioYJ., r.<'t1o"S qn,1 "'1:ir·oline . 0-" ec:r--:;cinl note is the -"pct t:>-ir-it evr enrn tuT0S of cr'1T7Ul1ition "l!''-3 now res+,ricted to ?5 T'OU'1c1S p dRy poncHnp- tJ-,e Prrivc1l_ of ,'l ,,rec;;:iJ_ sh-"r,nent Prom the tT . S. ,r:rich is :1ched ilecl to 2rrive i~nrc'1 1rd . Ge'19rrl G1Ar 1• t',~s riftr-rnoon rl;spqtcher; ti,e :'ollo·I:ivi~ cl"ble tc G-e'1or~1 Gru<>nthor . R r '"J5.S2 . n:-rnrn i:1,::; 8Cter1 entirA "ro'1t, iric7.udj:nr '"', 50L"th, 1rd, /~5th , 1st \rr,or9d rrrl 7.c:t Brit~sh Divis 4 o-'1s. •ro Pct'on torlr-iy. · :i+urtion i:ipr9rr, to be ----rirlr,ell in rPnC -,i.th th;n srotc; bet•Aen ~:cm·cott A.DC' }enne~r. '-ipd not rtrlizec'l Y1ur1½Pr of' Prtj-tp11-1 • P,l:'.1S lo"'t ½y Jenne" • ThBSR rrnnt bf1 mr de up i•1rner'-i_rtel' 7 • A"! cr w·1 -1cerl_ -'-,i-,~t, ·re T1u~t c-et in rnotber Br~_tisl:, briri-,,r'e p:rour or TTn:i_tecl :t~tes c"nk·t te.?m, rr9f9r 11ly t' e -"or 1 er. TH s ''l; 11 ;1'1r;0 i t 8 more 7 ·,ui)sf:.a:rit:i.nl c e,~en-:e l'lP"P inst a stroYJ.P' a ttr c '~ P -ric• ~; ve us •7or0 n "·"'9'1 si ve ro·--er lpter. e ""U"t hrve :>rotl r l.'55 PUn b<>-':,t~lion. r;:'ruscott "'11ort ?/.,,00 nen. 111 rossibl·'"> .-,+,"-'r2 ru.,,t b9 tr 1:en t0 9Xp9d~te th3ir rrriV''l h'1r 0 , j'1cludi'1f YO'tr investi,,.etion 0f seri":inp; th8n -in b" d_r +,rnns:-iort, r-erhn-rs ?O f 7 "'nes ~ dey each ri-i1•i"',[l' t ro 1~r:i:-s rt ~.,,tArV ls. re~~i.-nr"' thi" j s not } r,:,ctic~l_ . r-rrv0 <"1 ~c-nsed "ifi1.l,tenn:rce ,·it 1-i D 1C'rsa l"n o-1:,h"'r"', ~ri/ ·e rre crnvincec1 \78 C, n •nint:-i.in these 1 1 0 1 �a0rlitio11Al unit'>. r,:;_~11 "'t, Y•ust be T11:-1.r1e "VE'il"'h1"" for th"'>Vi "rid for th,,dr "c'ded 'orley '1Ri 1.ten"'nce. rJill r9turn 1-:iy C-/"7' 1,_y"J~no; r0r0 ,,t 1000 hours tor-10,,,ro 7. ~Oll C ec \r -for ""'-i P:hter COVP,r • n has heen inf'orm00. 1 1 * :rn ;c-rFZ..A."'0--..,.e:BR Tr.RY 7, lq/v"--This nc.,,.n:'ng Gen0r11l Cl"r 1 lnft his Anzio cor~rnP.11.rl rost by j er, in thn c"Jmr"'ny of' Colonel Fu0 nleston, VI Cor.,.,., --;urr-eon, Pnd visitr.:id the sSth, 03rd Pnrl. 95tri BV"ClJntion Hosr;tn:..~, t"l1 r:i11.1?' to m'ny Vjftr Prmy solriiers rho :b d b':3en 'ounded i11. r>ction dur-i 11.p the 9,were f':: ghtino; in the i:rr;Giz~ c re~. r 0 "4:9 hrd S1JT1T'J011.8d Gen9rel rnr11<"'cott to '"')';0t J.-,jr, rit the ::.irrort, nn iu"'t before leaving t11.e f'-ieP ,~i'1.nod on <1011c,r'l Tr1 rcott 1 s jricket tre f\ist'ni:;t.11shnd <:erv-ice Cro"'s. '1en0r"'l. Clrr', '1ric'l 1':no ·11. of t"is ,"'·nrd +-or"' 11.u:nber of' c1riys but S"'Ved tl-ie act1rl_ r--,,.esfmtrition ·mtil hn -f'el +, +,} <>t i~ ''oulrl de, tre n·ost r-oorl. Gennr[' 1 'T'rtl"'Cott hP'i bAeri. snm0, 7h"t n9r,rAsser, '·w +,} 9 l_0'1S o+' +,"A two Pr:inp-or Batt9 lfors r>ncl, ."""'to-r ,,.:vi11rt J-,jr1 the Cross, Gr;n9r::>l Cl...,r1· tc·ld l-i'm 11.e thought J,i~h1" o·" ½i"' n-~on ,·rorl• r11r1 11ro-An l'il'l t,n P-o b,,c•- "'1.C' n-iv9 t,11_9 G,rrr"'11.s ri be..-tinr,. The Ge-11Pr:--l f'le"l bric 1: in ri~ nl'l.YlP, to ~··rci""l~S"J "h9Y'9 he "'PS n10.t b~r flrjor [..,_l1rer 8.nc'l rP.+,,rrn9r{ to } i.'1 coM~,r,nd rost lr cub, "rriv:::1,,. ,.,t Pb"ut 11 O. E9 ')11.tertri ined •r11 -io:r G9rnrf' 1. ' c '.j"1.l1on j'.l.t lnnch. Yn tli.9 :ifternnon tr9 G""n"'r,;l r cA,v '4 ,, cnll :'ror" G9W-'l'.'C,_ V,syes rnd oyr,lnined t0 1 1~..,, C"ref'ulJ..,r ,r},..,t hn ev-~"ct,•"d o+' r:- Corr.,. TTe to]rl th0 Gpn_crrl trrit re 1mew tl e troors 0~ ·•,h~ lL,t' ~11(' l\t11. D5vi-,ions VJ9-~ Prnrl o.f' Touc', -;:-· r,1,t~n,.,., bnt he S"id tl- e '3/<J'lP, '"Jfl s t.,..U9 o+' rll ::'ifth t l'T'JV troc,Y•<"'. F9 tolr' Gr>nrY "nl Ynyns r,ot to ~,orrv .bout tr 1ri•r Fiednont9 1,ut to cr'1.C9"'t"['te O"' trki11."' t11e ri-;11. g1"onncl inmedi"t"l:r north r,f C<F·sino. T;if,J.-, th~~s crcint,1r9d, t},9 cro"s of t e Ro··ido bv the '>:ri=i.cr-;er 1·'orce i--itc tli.e Vri Vrllev b9lo'7 Cr-;;:;i·10 "01 1lr'l be !'.Te"'tl:v- fec-i".;tPteri, anc' tbe IJ Co;•--f' "10·11 -J. !lP7e :=i.cri0verl i+, i· T'!P.di::ite l'li sion. Geriel"'l Gln~l nt,,rta-inAd Ge'1.r>rPl ·nr:=i.11., thA Ar'1.y 3·iannl ('-l"'ficer ""er dinrer. 0 0 0 1 0 t1 i S 01 0 1 Th:_s -ft8rnnon General Clark c ictA.ted the follovri"lg natAr~al fer ;'1.elusio,~ 111 nir.ry: "'JisitAd Anzio brid~0ree..r1 , est0rc1 n • "'nd SfP.rit tr,, d· y visiting all forward units nnrl c'iscu•:ni'1.n- tl-v'.3 s1tu.,tion ·•:'tb COT'1"1Pc'1dAr • Conc'.~_cerrr ') "111rroV<,"'ent hqs tPk8n nlpce 'n the r,e.,''-,,yy,jve ciet-u. • 'r ,l'Ae }-!r,n P1'9 '"i"l" JT8f"'r9d - the pre,e11.t f'ro"l.t 1 in°, t,}•9 . '1.tc::r"18di te 8.11.'1 t,ly, C"n£ 1, tl P, l8ttar 1y,~inr: ,-,,i nerl f'""ld prnp<1r":lc'l -,;th bn1~hed ---ire. "':-c, '3rd J~.Vi'"'it'n ""> n;et,e,"Ylf" '°'trfiahten:,;d out, ,.,,lthourth it ,s thin on its ''lest ..c,1ri'1.1 . r · "It ··s rinly after -':,"11-~YJ.P ·ith GA:1,PrA.l 1enYJev thrt T b0.,c;r11. ,~r: 1~r; u, ,0'" 0f t e lo<1ses li8 lnd usta-1~130 i_r try-i11.,,. to frctr"c.cite his 11 te,1t frc-"" t,br, --1riYJ.';er 11 • I J:y·cl '"'U·..,~este")i'.' tr TuCMl to ··ithdr~i,•r th"t sA.liPnt. Jeri-ney "'FIS rAluctrnt to do so becflu"e nf I l9YPn• er', jnf'J 1ence, trn l,.,tter hrvi,1"' "'e7.t th~t the "'1871l could 11.ot attn~'-. :'n.wt"'-r lo<;t rhcut 700 or 8rn '"191", 7 " tr,--. 1 - , 'P1.rl 11 '3iY-rou'1.C1 8r r'1.titQn1< l'.;ll'1S. :re S"er1,:,d 1uite cor,rlacent f 11.cl +'9lt tbrt '18 ..,,.,3 111:ite l_11e'cr not to '1rve 1o9t 'l •}olG b:rjrride. D:~cu.Jserl siturtio11. --ri.th r.;..-.~~es "'n'l 'Trrr'Jn11., rinc1 -it ~s a sou,...ce of srtisf- ction to 1-no r tlcrt tl,ose t•m .nhl0 co-m,.,,pnr1ers f'T'O -in re·n·,-.ve cJ1.'1 r-pJl~na t0rrotle3r. �HLucris nes not r:ro ~nt-:; detriil., . I 111'P-8d h;m to rl1:n"1n"te HFlrrnon rs his 'h.n .. llesty,o-rer rinc, 'T'qnl· O.f.'fi ':!<Jr .1..,0 c orcl7 '1Pt9 th9 11019 d0f911se . Fe rrr"'rently r''l'3 no '"'!Oh;le trn'· c'est,r1 -r9r un;t tc r 1 1"h ""ror-i '"'lace to Pl"Ce t:"3 thr' sit11rition rerpire" ; t . :r t,07.11 Lucris +,o use ~r"r1 shf1., 4n -t,},,-_,t co ··1n°ctic'1, +'oy, 'lnti- r>ircr~ft mms c::iri hr: used ; n an rintl - tfl'1l:: role . Al 7_ the o;non I .c;ot +'rom thAt su,.,.P-0,tion V-8.S p crihl" -<>ro,.,, 111.l;I to qf,mrl 1,;., an.oth~r 'lnti-8.;_rcr.-,f't P-1.m bc+,t,lion. I know it, r,r-n not be ~1p4nt. ;n90 4 n t 1y,t rire"' . It rou:r1 1Jc e~si!"Jr to send hil'l a ':'D Dr>ttPlion , and I P!"'l s,r-i:1cHng h 4 'f'1 t 1·m C0"1"r'rni<;"' '1'1'1 r>10tJ,nr hatklion of 155 ~uns for co mt0r-battery "rJor • A.r-i '1.lso r:etti>1p; r 4 T"' hi3 rerl,,c0rirmts ~mm0dirt9lv 8.nd setti"rJP ur +,'·0 ·"i,-,.,.t co,..,,brit +.erim o-" the R~th rnvi"'ior>· tr r,c 4 ntr -'.:,},9 bridP"0h0ari . 1" 1 1 1 11 Dur~--i~ mo"t o"' :resterdP.v- ,,..-..t".lrnoon tbor0 vnc; lo11r, r-:inrr9 r:hn 7 ljnr-• of the Anzio- 'Jettu.no flr9ri. , i·-icl,ir1 ; r>~ om· CO'"""'J, ·10 poc::t . ~ev9r[l l r;l ,-, , 1, 7 ...,11cled 4 n the comr~8:1.rl nost . A4 r r:!tion ..ms spor-:.c'lic , 4 r!clurl""l.;J' loF-level bo"'l,J7YJ.g flttr-c 1' in N9ttuno t1-i;s "10rn.;.,,,g , destrov;r1 r;ev'3r!11 P"'lrnun"tion truc 1·s r>'7.d C"'ls:ina C"SUPlties . Visit0rl '3St•1 anc'I q5th r•vec11.r-tion i{os-ritrls , "9lec;s0 rinQ •.,uer r sr0ct~w~ly, end t8l 1rer1 ,·th tl e ,.,r,m,fod . 0 0 rriP.et ~,e p+, 4;h~ 8.ir+"'" 8ld nt o0 LS in orc'ler -:.o c'H 'C 1 1ss lflst- minute rn~~o+,t rnd a fr; 17 c-+' his ,,t,:,f'f officers rres0:r-rt ~ncl finned the Dj_qti·1 ,; hed ...,PrV" 0e Cross on ,..,ru'"'co+.t . 117 Tpr1 T uca, detai ::' s . T-fr1d t:rnhe nlaht wes ;_~et.J1n:·~ r0c+,; c, +'or ·re h...,d r0~9jy9c7 , fron rT'es11~,...,bl7 T'Ol i"hl9 so1rces , i'1c'ic-.:"ti0ns o~ "'n all-out a+,+,..,cl• ti,; ..... o,:-ni..,_,..,. _ -t r'irl rot r'evP-lo;, '111.t t,"o 'lrn"~ 7 er 11tt11c1-~ r1 ev loy,ed rhrri.nrr tl-ir; 11~ r, t on tl 0 "'ro11.t o tl e l S7th I'1.-f'r-.ntry <inrl 0-1 thn +'r 0 nt nf th~ 1st 1'.1r.;t:i,1-i Div"-;ion . :30+,1 •,nrq .,...0.,.111,ed . 0 ~ 'l'Y\f'3n.Y'ls . ' 1 1 ...,I" r1 4 S'l.fro··11.+,0d ;n tl-iP. flir ef'fc~t . I foel t.het rlerrnds c;ho1 1ld be nirde for t½.e ::i+,r.<>te ic h~mh0rs to h0 us0d -:n clo e b::1ttlefi,,,ld ,urrort; it ...,ny do snmo, gooc1 ti,9re, n.1tho'1P'h strPter,ic bn:'lb..,rr1m81t m' b0 c1 c~·1 so;~e r;cod h1 c ttjn17; :_•q-': l CC'J"'1rimicPtio,..,s, "or si X 'T\O"'l.ths 0'1 mY r,ro11t 1. t l1n S :not nr0vented the r>nerny f'rctm mov~ 1~ in addit 7on.n l trOO;'S p ni sur-cl:1 8S fl. t , d 11. l "Di -rect 0 rl. rrr ri.clir-:in0e co...,, 1 a11.d * ost ')O "lC''•c,d t0rlay. n * * PK,c..r,:~nA 1 TO-- 1.:9RF'RY q, 191+/j,- -Genernl Clnrlr sp=mt the dry rt the CO'""TTJRncl rost in conferen.ces ":i th v<>.rious ~•:me1~.., l o.,..""'icers 11nc st1-1 ff offi.cers . Fe j s suffer_i.np- fr0'"1 a. verv ½nc. cold r,rr1;rrv:-:ited by hi~ eino; ur ell njisht O'1 his lP-st visit to the 11enchhead. 1 rhen tre shellin~ 1-:as co-n_tinuons n11d heRvy . He '7r>s visited to dn.-r by Colone l DRly of the 16th r:v11 cuation Hospital ,.. ho '{"Ve him thA necess,- ry treatJ"11811t . 1 Gr 1eral 3.'.'. v::Ule , Co":·~prd. · ''11 the XII /\ ir Sur-rm~t , cn..ne in ancl r'li8cussed the . lnns -"or !15_:;:- su:rrort on tJ:,e main ""'ro11t and tre bel'chhead front . 1 Gener,,l Tate v:i sited l}e'1.8rnl Cl11r -c and discusser1 t:he amrmnit ion situ,,tion) It had alread;,r ' ee>1 necessar;r to curtA.il tris rA.te of fire of' 155'11ITl ;rowitzers , l"lncl now 105mm 11rnmunition 8.frenred to be setti11.7 s1-0" t,- n S3rio1 7 situntio1 , R) �this aTI'7unition is used by the direct infn.ntry sunnorti'1.g battrlions . At JJ.30 General flexanrler , G9n~.:::--rl Fardj'1,..,, ris Ch;ef of _,fa.ff , ~nd Gener['l G<J.,..,r1ell , Gnnernl r;1son 1 s Gh;_ef of 3t<J.f.r-, ce~ri to c8ll on GenerMl ClPrk. T1'ey djsc,1ssed the rlr>n'3 for th0 rrospect·'.ve em loyment of' tre vrriou'> corps y-,pking up the Fifth Arrriy, ,ri th r8rticulnr refer'3nce to · t)y~ F-w1 Ze" l<>YJ.d Corrs under G9n9rc1l F'reybu.rg ,.,hich is ri1701 1t to go into Pction. After o,J.<-cu~sin'?; the stubborn defense the Qgrmnns w~re putting up in rnrl ['ro ind C2 ssino rmd the wer>r:i.ness r>nc'l derletion t 11£1t ''rere ::f'fecti:1g the 34t}-> Div"sio11., it "ff' clec~ded thPt t]:-,e di·~posi tio"ls of' the :e•;r Zealand Corpe, would he cr:inr·e0 so 8 s to 'ut .f'resh troors jnto ) the Cassi110 ?ttaclc. The 1/,.th Division is to '"J8' relieved in jtg :rresent nosition b tl,e 4th IndiPrt Divisfo· ''Thier "rill continue tl'e rresent attr>ck of the 34th . The 34th i ill h0 displaced "lo ~t1· 1arrl to the rj -;l-1t of the 4th Indi".n . The fow Zealnnd Wvfoion Pill continue in its r,ositio'1 at the '.1ead of t11.e Lfri Vrlley rerdy to push ',estward thro 11gh thPt corridor . 1 0 0 :'ollo"d11o; t! is co11.fer<:mce, G2nerP 1 Keyes r>nn Ma ..,e ··ut;'T Cr-i ef of Jtpf'f , Lt . Col. forter, stopped to see G81'1"'.,..l11 CJ"r r .,-1d briefly r'-iscussed t},9 -·ror:res"' o: 10 Cory-,s 1n its Pttac 1,. on C,., ssino nc'l tJ.,9 hi f"l- r;ro mcl controllinc; :20 1t9 '1?; beyo"ld 1 1 0 1 1 :tt . rnoday Genr;r<1l r:i.-,r 1o:: '.'lr"'l , ~ePtl;y cc11cernr>d to "..ef'rn th:ct t e GPr'72.11s b&c' h,ribed thP r:istr. ;vric'1rtion rosp-itn 7. w~st9r, ":r inst pfter he ly,d left the be::chhePd end A½out three ho1 rs rfter 9 h d loft tre 10s1-'tal. Colcnel '"uer ,,..,d been wo1r-1c1ed, 0 3 pff•·· so'1S "rir1 1,9e-n '•:i lled, · ·,0luc'l ir~ r 11 of:"-: Cl';~, three '1Ul'se s, , Red Croc;s fJ'--'_rl, ')Oy ., corr-s r1en Rn.cl r"t:rmts, /1'1C 'S 0 .-.c1 been ··01.,n.dod . Th=i hm b b'.d 1 fa 7- 8"' on t 11 9 JTos1 5tri.l r0criTl"rters' 'l 1 1 ' 'v,s--' r ec ·H,0 , 03"1 O'n f'3l'S0'-'1f'9l, m10h of the l osritnl "'1uirT'1e11t, -':11cJ1e'·,,,r; "{-ra.y i.'1~t&'1Pticr"', ra( b0e-r 'estroyed . 1 1 11 1 0 1 1 Toc1 n.y +/10 t rmv Comriander rece:i ved tr e -"ollo-rri_r g 1 e;t ter -"ror'l tre GOC, 'Jew Zenlrnd r.:orrs, Lt . Ge·1. F'reybi1.rg: :~"bl5sJ--,:h.p yoiir letter ::n fl ... recir>l rrr r,r tc •\11 rr,-,lrr (\.c> t e 'J9rr ZeRl/:nid no:r.,· s . I 1 .1 'Your wn-,,,, riessq gP o: · ·e 7 cc · e n.'1rl ,...ood --fishes dl:'.. 1--ie "'10 re. d uitJ--,_ a sen,·e of ;r"r1.e n.11r' E:fTreci~ tio'1 l)Y ev,:iryone . 11 1 'l"l 1 11 nsince "Te r·ave bee'1 }19re no l1'=ive seen your brttlefields ,..,., s0~G f'f t1.e "if'"ic'tlt-Le--: :rm, h·we ha.d to f'pce . VTe re1"life VThr.t the 'UV, f.rr y h9s r-crjeved, pnr'l tre C "fic rs fTr' 10 en of tl1e Leth Indio.11. Divis:i 011 rnrl the 'Jnd ·re~J ~8/llrnd Iiv;s1.011 ·1ill bP r,roud to f'ii:(1t elonr~side the Arericrn, :::>ritisb r'1d .,.rench troops under your co,.,,;1a'1.d . I '70l'l<' also 1~1(8 yo1 to 'enc ro---r much we r"v0 ap1 rreciated t. e "riencly cooperrition and helr ·e iia.vP hr.d from your sk f'f Rnd ;11 t"'9 :."'ormntio'1S 17itr vrrd ch ·,re hP.Ve been i.n touch . 1 0 1 w 'e hore thrt , ·e -rill be f'l:JlP, to plri~r -, 11seful part i·'1 tre di""'icult bFttle lies ~1!T·~c 8h8t:\C~ . f! The folloir-1_ng cr>ble, .'J ;,011, vr s received tod?y .(>rorri E'2 P.Cl'F: ."r- r;r.rc has c.ecicJed tr,.,t -if' ::=i. recisio11 on l'i.,,th y ni1 in front c, nnot be ~btri11ed. 5.~ ·1 ny <::_th9r ,.,.,r-r 'ie ''lill .,...:ui('r'1,r 71 Divisio'1· ,"'ror, l::ighth Army n.nr use :it to r9in'.orce '.ew Zen.l1mcl Corrs. As already arranfs"d by ~i~l,th .Army, 7g I)jvj 11 �1/ sion -rill t!1ere;fore be kert ot '21~ hours notice to !'1ove to Fi·"th Army ,-1r0° Pnd. nll"ns will be coF leted flt O'1ce to e'1f'bl8 such l:'. move to t~ke rlr,ce R.'> '"l 1 1ic 1 ·ly as -cossiblo j f orrler9c1 . To rmsure 70: Div:sion is fully in touci1 •ith •r.z. Corps pln.,..,_s Cor1d 7g Divisio"1 rind :recce ::-,,rties will report .z . , Division C{eedr:n1rrters <>t G qc~o1 '30 errliest rossibl8 IJ'll.(1 ·i:!..l th9r9r.c,tcr "'K'l.int in closest touch ith situ tion on '\Z. r:orrs front ,o th t the '1-ivic,ion crn be emplo;ved if.:' required .,~th lenst rossi 1 lle c1eleY. '~ighth Arriy will sif718 l -~TA N. Z. Divisio11 r;:eadaur.rters of Co,.,,rl rnd recce pcrties 78 ::Ji.vision . crm h::,c: also r1ecided that .:my 1.tlditionrl stE1P-f or sianr1 l rerrniren:mts of T Z. Corrs ,-ill be . Y"\et es 2 t0T1pc-,rar;,r meesure fro'TI -.ifth Cor'"'S r1 rind sipnrils. :?F'th Army w-I.11 noti y rll sucb re1 lfrerents to thi~ i:.r'1. who mill ..,rrPn[:r:i for ~revision c'irect with Fifth Corrs 1-::eepi11"' -:1 O'hth rmy f illy i 11-t>or·w~c . tr T 0 0 0 1 * }R SE'TZA.' 0--F~BP..lTAF.Y 9 , 194!;.--Gener~l Cl:ark spent t},e d'\'T Pt hjs conm nd ~ost in a series of ccn+'erenc,1s . GcmerA.l r,:,y 11r,,. ·i th a number of str ff o ficers , errived ot 1030 r ric1, ·rith GP.118rc-ls CJ.rr 1r rricl Gruen·~}-ir.r, rl:Lscussr:id nt lenr:th tJ-1e qission o.., t'1e 'Ten ze..., lri · 1d Corr s fl'1'1 t.re arr,.,nr:rments -"or er:rrloyine; it aro,md Cassino . Gener;-,1 Fn:-iy',urg , rmon~ other th~rn;s, e::s, ,ressed sc'ne arpre hensio:ri thPt the TTJO'1-" st8r;T bvj lrlin,~s ·ould , e used by tre G-9rmrns "'ncl "'t"ted t):,nt in ris opi'l.~on , i ~ J19Cessr.Y''y, the r s½ould b': ')lo'm do '1 hy artill'3r.r +'ire or hoT'!k.rdnent . Gen0rFl Cl,.,rlr decidecl to P'~Ve him ri written directive to tr..e effect thnt if in his judgment milit"r" necessity rlictated it, he wes erected to fire on tl e p10 11.rtster1r 1,uildinf. 0 1 ) After Gener"'l Fre~rht.1.J'.'f, h<>d t2lv:Ad for ~on, t-:r,e ,,,tri GPn9r"l Clr-rv- jn his vDn , G9nerf'l Vrevburg "ent to t;l·ie conf'erence hut nhere n long coriversr-ition W"S hAd bet !Veen General Fre r1mrg ::ind his stnf:· orf'icers ;-,nrl treir corresrondh1.g Fifth Ar-y ster'f o-l>fic8rs . I·1 -:.J,o T")eant~nie, G9ner"l Clrr 1' in his V"11 rec•~ivarl the nembers of a 'J9tt1P.rbnc1 s Armv mi c:sion vi:=dting the bA.ttle+'rorit - r '1.,j . Gen . Phnff, Colonel Vnn Der F- l ssche end c---..tr in Dr-dtenstein - to(J'eth'3r ,. ith e. TJnited >tPtes acco-mpAnyi.,..,_F: oc>ficer , f'njor Rr>nc1 olnh . AL'tor trese c::in-..,er9'1CeS , Generr J. (;lrrk c' pn in Ciscu.::sed the 1)ric1 p;ehorid sit,rtion with Gen9r"l l}r-1enther . Tri-=3 G rnrins Pre nttrickinc; 0Y1. th0 rirlr;r,hePd in SC'~1") norce, £'nc1 '}rrn0r"l Clnl", is nrrt~c,ilrrl:r desirous of r;ett··nr, <'ll the air support rossible , not onlv +'or -'ts r3sults on tr.e Q9rr1Pns but becriuse of the ' oral_ supr,ort ~;1 ,j_cl -it '"ill. f;~'lO to c-ur troOJ'1. ':'o h lr ::-ttr>in tJ--is (1'1.d, be invited /}e'19r~1 ;. v:il_le to ta1 :e lun~J-i ·-ri+, ri·1 rnd Gevinrr,l Gru9nther, nr,d at l_unch YFJS verv emrl1ritic rith G0·1er:0 ] ,2ville o'1 tJ,e necessity of' i"'lmedi~tely suTPrnoni·F; the '>trri.tegic Air Force tc, riic' i_·1 tr9 brttle r>t the br~ dgr:ihend . Generc l C1Rr1? srdd t}-r,t re lrn8W V""rY 17el.l tirt concen.t,rrtiors d' G-;rrn.an troors "nd r1Pteriel "ere not trn,'iti.cri:=il targP.ts f0r t 1-e _;tr"te-;ic Air Force but thrt 11t tre rresent ti,.,1 0 bnmb<'.'rdnent of ball- be£>rin(J' fRctories or r<'.'il junctions in the nortl:i of Ttaly hAd no 9ffect at 1111 on tre bridf,ehead battle . The nermRn troo s \ were 8.l'~CJRd'r jn tJ,9 'er>cl,heP0 11re" , l'.nd t'~•"'li.r e1uiprn9rit vr, thr,r8, rn/1 -·t WPS tre Ge11nrc 1 1 s r es~re to cnncentrat0 every "V<1il"11le .?jr bor1brrdr1ent resource, h9t}v"r str"te<;ic or otb0r ri-;e, OYJ tPrget"' within th9 ~11z-:_o --ren . Ge118r ls G:ruenthnr ;:i11d S"ville sr,~d thnt they ···Are hendinfl' tbeir effort-: i-ri tl'.nt dj_roction . Ganer,l Cl:ork r<;re,-,ted t rt -1-,1,e ;-r,ntter 17"S e:xtremol:17 si.,.,,nle in his ;11ind; re siriply ventod f'l] qvril,,hle 9.ir -..o·rel" C"PCentrrtec'l 011 the Gcry,,r,ns i.n the Anz-i o b,ttle ;;,rea . 0 0 0 0 �A little l.nter in tl~e [':i"t8r100·'1 tbe Generr,l Sup:rort Co,,m.,Y1c tbnt t½i 9rK1 t'Pc'l berm P chieved . 1 VT"S ;nforn9d by the XII Air C" G0ner..,l Clrrk r't tl e clo~e o·~ the ,-:,fternoon ct~ctnterl the '..'ollo-:ing rend1u0 for hi"' r i ..,ry: 1 t 0 eno- HJ hE>ve b8en some'vhr>t .,-,0rtur x~d torfr,~r bv tre ne 'TS -"'rom the Anzio beP ch:heed . Gene::::-::il LucBs "ent I'lR the -"'ollmri"lP' message: 1Fressu:re 11,crei'tlst Prit-"c-;J. 1st 'livisio·1 cnntL'1u~n~ . Enr:my rP.Tortec1 at CR 873'3 . Sitiwtio•1 not cl'3nT and e:xect loc.'ltion of lin':l undeternin0d . ~ppenrs necessPr r to er:irloy e.rditional ~orce2 to T"Jrint::iin front . li11 keer you advisec1 . ~eriuest 811 avnilrul0 n~r in1d nr:v..,J suprort on nort rind north"Test fronts of sector . Request iT"L'"'!ed·i_pte r-l2ns 1)e niride for tr0 shipment o-1" P'1 <1dditionr,l jnf'11ntTy division Pt the eA.rliost rossihle ·noncnt . 1 1 11 1 rePlied as ~allows: 1101.1.r ?'18 received . Keep T1e -ro,:;ted O"l the sjt,urtion . I f'eel yon C"'n stop T'1ost "nyt1-,··nr '7ith the 35n t11n1·s you hwe . hen you r'?,uest ~ir , try to gi'-18 loc1.t~o11 and n"'ture of ts:;rr;Pt-, . 'e1cthP.r -n9rnitt~1,r , entire '-'-tr effort of' XII Air Suy.;rort TPct5 C" 1 and Str..,ter;;ic ,ill be concentr,.,ted on your front Thursdry. 'le h;::ive a.lerted 1 rr-ivy. } res1me ~rou ri.P'~e your rer:i. 1ests "or nRw 1 su1 :rort tr.rouc:;h Lo..1.·;r. You T"lUSt reri]:i ze tl e 1•• -r,r.,cticPbilitv of' 38ndin~ ;v-011 Pn pr'ditionPl inf211try di vision ..,t 0'1ce . Shipping, TT\f' i -1:.enr>nce ririd "V":.i 1r>bi litv o cliv~ sions .,re fn.ctors to be considered . I :1:-ive 01·dered this rl~te Another British briP,Pde group to irour front . Everv e-l"'f'ort vill be ,.,,,,de to e:x edite its R.rrivnl in your area . ~ wo 1lrl 3A.Y vou crin eJ'""lect it in P'lou~~ Le or 5 days . :::t · il1 b8 167 Bri<;Pde fro"1 the '56th D-lv:lsion . Tbj 1 vdll r;jve -rou t,,o ri<?'F19s of tl1js divi,ion, and ,.,t .-1n e::irly dPtc I conld ""OVe in t'1e 56th D:ivision T-J:en.rlriuPrters . Keep ne posted on your R. )il-i.t7 to SUTP1' ac'ditioml troops. I PT'l "'till ';'11:inninP' on "'ending E'notl:or crrnhPt te,.,T1, 9itl1'?r '1riti h or Amer:l.crn , ::i ter the 167th. Ani "s1dn~ G r,era2- "c'"nhon to rw1r.~r 7ith yo 1 tenporf"rily to act :cs vo 1r ~)eruty. "'0el 1-ie will be of gre,.-,t ""'s-~stance to you . Fleese '"lo r",snrec1 of' mv comrl.c>te of'.,..ort to suTJrort :rou jn ever r no'1s;bl9 r.:r.v. I 11n19 ~ull cc.,.,r.;r'ence : 1 succec,C)f'ul outcoc-1e . 1 0 1 1 1 0 7 1 1 "He shoulr 1 rnon etter trPn to derrnd <inothor :'11.fflntrv divi~ion, realizing f',111 7e11 tl,nt co not 1F1Ve t½9 div:i sion, e~·cert t' ose t½Pt Ar8 tired "nrl comnitted to b~ttle; nor do I kwe tl'e sM.rri·1a, nor co11lrl it be .1r·i_ntd.ned loi;,;ic:tiCP' ly in t'~e 'JeP chh .ad . n In coming to t'1e cr'nclus;_on tly,t , Bri ti '"'h by,ir;ade p;roup sbould be <>ent, I vre~ p-hed crrefully th, Y'ARuJ.t<> on tJ·,e 10 Corrs A.tt,..c1: . Thrit corr" hr•s ..,,pr'e J.ittl8 pro'!ress, so t:c'l<inf; "'nothr=ir rio-,qc1,e fror1 it '"'roulr' m::iJre littlA c.iff9rence. It ~o 0·1t of the li Y1e , ~ nd, "'ccm~d1110- to the Chief' of Staff I s rerort (1'3ri.g?r3.ier Cooh~) H 5s in pretty cor' si,"T''1 . Ro.,,lizin" thP. implic.,tio11 o~ t.-,1dnp; this '!Jrjf;;:-de and its r9percussions 1 dt 1 lexA."lrler , I phon~d hh11 t0 +971 him of my decirion, rnr1 , l'l.lt½o 1~h it tno\:: him bv S1l.Y'T'rise, h8 ren(ily "gre':!o . I r"'l kkj11; tro ]_()7th Brigr,ce, "'or tri:i lfAth or the c,r-17e '56t1, ni.visio,, is ..,lr0"c'y :in t11e be,,crbe . . ThP.re.,d fore , I cr,n se 11c1 the 169th up bter , hi~', ,Jill 1 rt t 0 •·· ol9 rF vj "'j 011. ::n. 1 "Gwv,rn.l J\Je'"'ln( er rho11'"Jc'! TJI';) /1 +'0,,, m~nutes rwo , 1"r0SU."'1rblv influ0'1ccc' by Harc1 ino- '1.YJr ,fteT tel~:'..11g •·ritr "cCreer7, to t87l "'1e tlr>t he horied ':Y sendin"' the I �1-S?th in ;rs to renlnce i}1e :nost tir8d rme of t 11e bt British Division F"lC tbr>t, trerefore, only the rersonnel neec1 17,0 U;", tn 1ce ovnr t e 1st British l'ivision e:mirl"l9nt And thrt rerso'u"'lel come out, o':' tre berchhe?.d. I infornecl him thr-t this was ent:i:!. el'v contrrrv to my i'1r:ia'1 -"n•l thr>t I clirl not r-roro"'e to do jt thr>t vmy, th"t ~ ,-,as se11di'1g anotror bri.:-ade "'.rou:r up because I f'elt thnt I needed thf't extra i'1surance :in thflt aren. r,nrl thrt lrter, Hhen tre s-·turtion "lPS nell in l,;:ind th,:,re, I 1oul(l ',e P'lR.d to rota,te f8rsonn.Pl out o tho ½riclgehead. He insisted, rmd ::: strermously olJjecterl r>nd tol(1 thPt -· f rny of the 1st B:dtish rivisio11 wns to c0:"!A out of tlrie 1::Jr-ir:gAhe,:i,,d nor' : t ",ts ov9r I'lY trongest obji::>ction rnd thet he v1011l•' bnve to g-iv0 me rin order in ,•rr.iti-'1IT. ·re told ~ e tJ:,e British 1st Div~ sion W,"3 tired. I tolrl h:i'1 so the '<rd Division but tJ,,,t if the situPtlon f;Ot crit:i crl thRt all V:'nulc1 hr.v':l to +'i ;ht nri9th'or theY r:ot tir9d or not. I tnl0 l1im none o+' tl7 e troors '!ere OS tirec'l 93 tl1e French or t're :::r Corn, . :re also told me thrt h9 hPd cPlled 'cCreery, o- 'e of I'l7 cubordinntc co~··r·~-:ers, ,..,nrl ok 1d -my orrlors. I told H~·' thn~ I obiAct9d to thi", f'or I hrve tli.e Putbority, ns an Army Cor:, 1r11c'er, to i,sue the order th"'t I hrd c,j•ren . Fe r"h:)d for '19 to 1119et h-tm at ;1oon ~t r·ccr9ery 1 s VeridquPrters toTTJorro' • I 1 1il1 strenuousl1 ob_iect to b:ringi,1p- qny troo~s 0 1 1t o" tr'A l1r:ic.c;ehePrl untjl t1 P s 4 tu,..,tion :s ,.,,nre cl,..,ri+'ied there . I '1'"'\ [;orrv this (:iif'f'ere-0co of orinion l-i;:is l"r~se11, f'or it onl~r [lclds rcdition::il IO;~ric,s tn t'rie rwnv I pJ..:~e-"'1 Y lyv':l, ½11.t I 11il: rec:ist, "ith .?11 t\-ie energy I hrvo, 1-is co,.,,---;rnc i:r£; r.iy Ar'"!.y.n 0 1-,~, 0 0 0 F~-" 1 1 1 At q•)o11t lTlO GAn9r>1} ClrY•k 4 nform,:v' J:,is rideq ,~1,,:,t /1 trir to GenPr<1l 1 'cCrAery 1 : Feridro'JP-rtr>rc; ½y r,ub ·~as to ,e Elrrrnc·er.1 tre follo ,~--y, r1 "7r ~t 11c0n :n orc'er to r~rr,jt hh,1 to flttc.md A con"'erence l7~ -':.L Gener~ ls Ale:x-Hnder rinc' ·•ccreerr. Sbortly tl-ier1y1 "'ter, G8·•1 ')r'll -.- 0.m11-i tzer C'l 7 l'"~cl Q9n0r~ l Gr 1 1enth"'r ,J10 sr if tr•<>t 1 e Ut1('9rstoorl +,hrt +,be er '1f'erenc9 to..,orro'"' '"n s to 1,8 r r:, ln to ;,ett le +,},P, question ns to •h_et11,3r tr'e l'S?th Br~_p;rrle , ,0,,1 d rnr J_r1ce troors of' tl'e 1st Brit-L"'h Division or ',011lr' ')1: rin <>dn~tion to tPP"". G,.,ner"l Clr>-·11 • cr• 7 1":ld Gen0.r"l T--1'rrc1in~ to reF<::sert thrt 1 e hrrl m·i •e ap l: s m:'.nd th"t t 1-r:_s Pou1c1 b9 "'1 'rlrJjtion "'nc: -,,_ot r re1 lnce"'!0YJt . G:rriP.ral ".rr11r, "Tho -is no .1 rt the Fi i:-t,h ,\rr'ly !\dv<>nce ConnPnc F ost, sent tr8 f'ollowi:1P- cq_bl9 to G<:"erril Gruenther tor'":>r rer;"rc1~11p- t,h3 s~t,.1ntion on the fnzio f'r0nt: 1 m·. 051. 11 ""'119J11Y cont:inU•')S reM :r ,79r3•.1.,~e cr""~'1-t 1st D-ivisio'1. Th5s ,njt h"'S s1r''fer9d i1e~ V'"J losses, r nrl Corr"nder rer orts 1-Je c' n not holrl ~rese11t front. 180th Inf'rntrv i beinn; put i'1to lino 1J1:lt'YeAn 1st Div~ sion ri:rv:i lrd Divi -iio,,,, trkinr; over :r 0 rt of rresent 1st Division +>ront. ·-rrrrr:on will e""lrloy t"m COT'lfPnies 0i:- l:5_rrrt Pnd one ;)Pttqlion of "0rliu:1s this' r-"'ternoon to rssist on reestrblishing front in 1-st Div·sio11 sector. ~:verv effort ~1101 170 be 1'1'\M'e to 0-:r'3dite RGT o-;: 8Pth r-i,r:i,sion . T,on~ r"'DP'9 r,.,.t:111,..,r;r ' 1it ~nothcir "',1nu11;tion rlm1r Pt 1100 bonrs. 1' 0 G3n9r2l (;Jnr1r cnb]Pd 6r1P'lirrl ~>1nn;11r-J.vr1 ti j _ , ~ft9r'1oon, F'J 1143, thr") ·in,; \ jyn -"er t,l;,9 rrnT1rt st9--,,.. t~ l,911 to ,,-rc-v:i_de 'Y' Vr' 1 ,~m-~irA snrr ort f'or pj ft}, f rrn:r oper.?tions. * * �noon ~· itl'l Gennr;:,ls ~lexrn-v'er ['Ylr'l r~cCreerv ,-,t 10 Cor:;s re'lc1 r;u"rters at Sessri, ceciaec to flv ,-'O'T. to Car-;ert'l by cub •n1cl ccnf8r ,-,.;th C'r9n9r"'l A.lexrnder th8re. rre cen1Jrtcd +'ro"'l ·\hp '";"'" 71 C"'t\ -"i9:d 11ertr t "e '"'i ~~tl ArT"i.y Cor,.,,E>n l ! ost at Pbo-ct 0900.· . :t8 l"'nded :in the old 4'erriil.;nr ror'l .;n f'r0nt c,.c- t½,9 forJ'!ler Fifth Ar'"'ly for rarc1 Coram.., n,1 F Ost ,-, 11(' rirove Oo··rn t0 tr 8 c-=i c:t le ,-,]-,ere he i rnmer j ..- tely 'ient irrto c0nfer"mce ,,.;th Gen,..,rnl Ale:z::-'1cler. Genernl ra,-,r 1r1 s 0 1 ·rn notes t½is con"erenc8 follow: 0>1 = ' 1Th-ic; rnorn.;n--:..,. nhonec1 G,mer,.,1 Al8':"n'er, telljng 1~jM th,,t VIPS reluctrnt to ·-rai t ,mtil p O I cloc, to '17 'JCUS'1 ...,;th !'1"' U·e build-ur :i.n ths briclw hP,tVl. T d.;d tl~is h,c.n1we l ~,e.s relnctnnt to r2V8 t'~.," w,+,t9r di scussec with J"'P, before .. cCr8er7 vrl:iA'1 -'-,:,0, lA.tter h"d no+,'hi.,,_c- to rlo yr-ith .;t. J fle-' to Alexrnc1e:r- 1 s 1 Heerl'l_11<1rtr.;:rs on,' +,0ld rini, l,ef'o-,-.9 ·:rir"inr [')1'1 L8"'nitZ8T', 1 0 l unaltPrnbly I 'c!PS OF"OS.(' +,o ru+ti·1,.,. '1r.;t~.:::'1 51'.'>th Division 1"1"its .;nto t 1 e hrirl.ctnherrl ri:vl '"TithcrP'Ii"lr "''1 ,s111.r'l m::i.nber o-1: 1st Britisli Di,1isio·1 u,1-lts. 1'.:r~.,.,..9ntly 1'9 h d '"leen tl,e i sdoT" d1iri11~ t~·e 11-i __, +,, -"'or T 1"rd •10 dif-"-l r,ult•r -in putti'1~ ovqr =y 1 lrn. 'To dou',t L 0 "'1nitz8r 'ircl contr 4_',uter' to 1.'·r-rr1 -it. h '1n-:J:•eed to ·-ut ~n t e e-·1tire S'Stb Divisior :=pvi_ : 9PV'3 t"e 1st 1iT'; t~ sl: "'1ivision; tl-irt wo11lJ c::::ve r~e t-m P.ritish .,..,ivisio11s 4 11 th-=, hrid.gnlerd ,nr two /\meriCPn In.c,'ntry I,ivisions, r,1'1S :rarmon1s "ore<> !J.VJ." m~sc9llL.YJeous units . I sent the follovring rar :iocram to Luco.s: 0 1 0 1 RN 1816. ",fill senrl -~e.,,,r ·i. nr' er o+> S S Brit isl' ::Ji vis :.'.o"l M f'r st :1.3 sh:Lpring 7 is rvc1il:>bl i . TJ-,is :)-'.vis.;on :,.;1_1 then cor,sist of 167, 163 [inr: lSq Brir: c es. 1 1 c-ut o': 1 ere 'by tor1orro" 17.0r"irr; l'J7 1!'i1ar e "roup sho'11d be cor-rlntel,r lordec a...,,l .;r "Our ::incls by tomorroF 11.; <t}•t. 169 lr.; r-rcJe rrc~ :iv.; sion r..rerdrp1r:cters ,·::1.1:::. folJo-' it 7..'7:'19di,-,tely es en ft r,3-t,,ffns. •re "'ill '1..-,n 011 t'ro Briti3h In"A.:1.t'"'•r err +,,;o r~~':,sd ·t~t s Jryf'pnt::-,, Divi;:;·'.or, ~'1. 1)riclgeh8ac1 plus ·: rr.10'1 1S "o:---ce :nc1 in Pdclit~o'l to ,.,,.;sce11,meoue 'lni+,. I"' l_o?i;tics · -lJ: rqr-,'t, ~ ,rjll add i11""l.C 'l' 11,,· t,r ,~rJT"t1i·1d ,~ 0" the ::..st fr·1or1xl '. 4 -ri.r:i.on ~r;tVP'"" :~r.;:w",- " T n-f:e11.sivP. r>ctio--i. ~r '"'1lt rjr "),..,..ort on 70lJ:' ~r,,nt todPI • • r8C1U'"" Tl)U 11PV9 nrw1.l f"1mf':i--,-.e su-:-1.·or+, •ro 1 1 ri9S~r8. Co1 1l" ',('tn9 +;p,,,_:,,~ be ro·c>-itr-t')J.y e""ploy9rl, rlu~ .;i1 -in sur,-,c:rt cf .,.,rort roc-iVLOn..J? A."i snro /i,5 l].'Tis·io11 ·-yill star 0np:1r R.C'l,'n.ce." 0 0 0 0 7 "AftA::.~ hnd "'"'1'1.0"9T'J911t ·1 ·,½n "'18t 11od for ld Y1 to 1·1 ~V9, "c•r '1!rri 'IG v--.; '1 r'c_<'c•i_ssi.on :;: f'T0 '•'3 , Jith '}911erc 1 AJ.ex,"n~rn• T "'I'3011P llJ rind told to ½e f'rr11l- 9.-i_d th·t l rrt,,.,<;r ',ac} .~,,,lt sr:nrY: ~t rr:n+,"l"'j Ct";d jn rriy· o+' t}e l<'i·"'tl, Arrri:r 1-iscriuse nf hPv~_ ":O ·~A.ny \11 iAI'.' Cor-0-i. T told. 1,.,5,.,, 1w 07, 1,-; ,:;1 1 '; <1c;sirrn°f tl--9 1•9,., Ze,"lrnderJ t,h9 7g WO, :V'119i"h~t •muc:url te 1..: Tn9 ";~:ri ctly ro , to 8''1 -ilo;r tri0m. : rut cvcir rw } o·· r,t "':~11, I beh=i 1m 1 erstoocl. n 1 G8nerril Clrr 1 '" retur'"l=ed to 1-i, l-ier1d,iurirtcrs <=>t 10/;5 rw1 , ~-"tor ~.,forF:i'1p; Genorf' l fi-rll<"nt118r ('+' 11,ad h<>d oc~ui••n~d ,,t t I} r:ieet: 11[' ,- ~ t' /"}0°1.'"'r[' 1 II l ';'cE' nder' 'i1J"911t to n13 VP'} ;1.r1 ·-ror 1"00. OP fE'""'9l"'S un"t,il ]110, 'Jh"ln Colonel'1 T'";.r'!zo9 ;,n_n '~y7nrc, ·1ho hail. 0 1~ 0 -✓ ~'1 up "T"C"' 'rA.r l"'s, 1/1['( 8 [' :re;r'~On"l_ C, 71 011. ri.n, st?yi"lg "or l1 1nch. 1 Ge>1ff'r>"l (:1_,:,r•)r i'1 -=:;u""'e,-.-i 1g ",-.o, rf'th0:2 01'"' C'1lr'' '1.11(' ],8 "')<;n-1; thA rP.st of the E1.,.,t9rn00'1 ,,r,r1:-irip on pt'pi:,rc; cnrl lrri vrr~ous section c½iPfs in. r, �The hecV1/ ni_:~ rroCT'>J" ~cl--_9(:>-1led irest0rr1p7 t0 b:---e,, 1• 11r Gerr'l,nn tl-ire,,+,eni11r:- the Anzio beBc1 1hen.d '7as ,lmost totGllV ~trillnc:1 ,,.,y -'-,r" rP l Sl,,rk raa n crv, "9rrmce let9 ·in t, 1,9 R +'ternoo'1 --i tr G8'19r"' 1 '"'nv to ri~TTJ thf1t hePV7 C0'1C9ntrr't~.on of' n-ir rnu~t stri(e p 7 ni:r1:·t ~- lzio ' 4 t is c7irri'lti-::ri117 nossible . I ccnceritr<>tioY\S ,·e2th0r . Ge'1e- \ llo ~n ",tressed U"t [!S roon PS 1}0ner1.l 0,l<ir1, toda:r ''eceivnd 9 criblA -"ran ArlmirPl Lo ::;:-y, R.n '355/10, stating tl,nt, the PT ?(ll l''lS b09n sent to Pi_?;9rte -"nr r13rairs Bnrl tJ,~t " rerl-,cei7<'mt ,•rp,3 bPi"'P' Se'1t to • P'""llAs ;.,,111.,di..,+~1:r ['8 p rer 1~c0,..,e'1t . 1 Ger8r.2l T,ucas cahl90 toc1Pv, '"'.F '3/,1, thr-1:, furth9r siell:i'1C;' 0f lio~rit"l 11re"S 1-wd occui~rc;d ~n tl19 1\'1z-io brjcrrerer.icl ,,reP. As ri. r8s11lt 0.., tl-i~s , 11.e rps decided to riove +,}·, • cs-.. ~+,P.1s to +,be ef'st f'l~ ,1• C'.., +,J,., sector tn"10-r•ro1·' • R • '3?? . "Yon,,. r1 ec~ sion cc"'c8rn-inrr l'S7 Bri;rrde fAr3011fll Lncr,s to 0,lPr 1- . Group c0nc11rr9d ;_ri . Th~ "l 'lriP'rrlo r:roun "hon1r1 ccvn3 i.,, -Jquipped r"1·l J'9r>cly ·"'or COI""bat . T'fo hrin-n.de '-'l'.'om1 to 7 eave 1-ieri,c her,d . 11 Per Pn"l C]prv to Lucri-:i . P'J unr,. !IT'fill se11c't -r'AT'1.."iYJ.cler of' 50 Brit, sr f'~vjrir; fR,t '0 s1'-i_r:j11F· is rv·,-ilrhl9 . T11ic; 1ivision "I-ill thc".l C"'1sist o-"' 7(,7, V,8 <>nd 1(;g Brio-rdes . 1S7 Rr-irrtde Grom"' sionJrl 1:)9 cnr1rl,.,tr,ly 7.orred out c+> her0 ')y t,,'10rrcn mnr.,,.,,,~~ 7"'1, Y01U' 10 ,nrls lyr tomorrrwr Y\~r·l·t . 1/)q Prig'lcl9 [1'10 .)-ivi'3ion Fe c'l1uart"'rs ·-rill follo~1 iJ~ in;1edir1 ,..el· PS cr<>ft retur'1s . •:e "'ill plPn on -L,vm Rr'tis}1 In PY1tr7 l'W~ t ro 'Tniter1 ft.cites :n+>rintr•r T)-ivisioY\S jn l,rj('lr,:~horir1_ nl•1s '!rir'"0'1 1 S +'01~cA P'1d in Pr!c-itio·1 to n·1cA11"'19ous units . P' lo.,.istics vlill nr:,:rr1it, I ~-,ill r-ild rrri<ln,.,Jl~r th"l ,,,erin.5nclor of t,ho 1st rr,,or8d ··1vi~-ion .o;ottinr; reP<'1V for o-:'fensive net-ion . All 011t 1.ir eff'ort on .7O1 rr f'ront torlr•r. 1res1•ne vou i,,., ,13 nr-v::il mu,f-ire ,,,,lrpo-,,,t von des-tr0 . Conlri 80m8 tnnJrf'l be rrof'• t hly emrl oyecl , dug i11 -ln surrort 0f +>rant roc;itjons? Am sure 1~5 Div 4 sion 'ill stop 3llA'TIY flrV" YJr;e . " 0 sion ,..,_a 1 The llrny CoP1mR 11der todnv dict8tocl tl-9 +'ollo,·r,rf'" ,.,,87"or.?ndrn'l for hi'.3 Chief of 3tri+>f ~ ith ret;"rcl to f ltu.r9 off,=msi ve oper~tions: 1 "l. 'jt}, the remov'"'l of tr0 S/)t), Divi -;in'"l P,,,o,,.., t,½9 ]_() Sorns f'ront n11c0 trio exchf''1<";8 o,,. t,l•e !/,t11 Br~·':/ sh Divi3ion by the !,th Divis:i.on , we rnu--:t mor1ify our rJrrns . } l0Pse hrvr::. G-3 ,-,.:.9r::-r 0 r nr,w set of' i11s+,.,..uctio>1s .,t j ch · 1ill rrovide +>or tro fol 7 0 17~ 11rr: ~ §; • ,-,,he t<> 1-~n'; o-"' C'l.Ssi·10 f-lnd tJ~e hi r,', f"""('OU 11r nortk10st t'1.,..r<>ff.- b•r t e 9vr ZeRland ".Jo·•TS in the PVCJnt t 1 P.ttriclr toJ11orro= bv the V+t1' Ji vision fail.-. . 1e 2• 'T'he co-ritjnuPtion 0-" the <i.ttMck 'w t,hp French 011 tre e-:ds T0relle ~oc0Aseccr , Pssist0c'l l;y th9 II Corrs jn 'l nrirro•r zo11,e routh thereof Att1:1c1ring in colurm of' rivisicw1 s . Th:i.s will n-ive the II Corrp ~n o'~porbmity to ··•Hhc'lrPw one c:li.visior frorl\ tl-i"'i~ li'19 +'or r9st P.'1C r9f'ittin~ . c . Tl-ie rittnc1r 1y tl·e 'Tow ZeP1'l'10 Corn:?, ross~bly re-li-i+'orced by ,..jvision- (British) i'1 tl'9 Lfr 4 V1:l10y. f. t}-P, 7qth A holc1 :ij7f; ottcic'r i-nintA.ininf" stron~ rrer-mre by +,h8 10 COTf'3 i'1 thP r•;rtiir110 1:1re:1 '"Ii.th on0 d~v:iRion, th"l otrA"' r1~vi3ion b0i11q ,-,~tr.0rr ..,11 f'or rest c'nd �for ult,rriPte emrloyr10nt ir th0 Liri V8ll3y. ~• VP. lley . ':'o hold tre B'~tb Division i"l rrr1y re-:;nrve f•or GXI loitctio11 in th0 Liri f . To holrl · t½e J 8t,b "RY'iti sh Br~ r;Mde Grour out o+> the li:ri.9 for ro~sj ble eT11ployment for rel_ief n.t thr1 brirlp2hearl or lrter ev-r-loitation nros1 ects . "Let I s try to o;et :., pla11 v: . : cl1 -,~rovic1es ,~or P".l P 11-out .,.,i f'th A.ryiy effort i'1 one vi tn.1 a re 8,, ·-,hile ,old~ •1p in others. l le11se e-vTedi te this. 11 Perso"lrl Lucf's to Clrir1•• R" 3rig . 11 1119 to r.rese: t Rl ortrge of infn'l'ltry to ::::ur:;ortinrt arrs in B:d.t:i..s T'i7isior. reco-,-~,,,1c th:;t 167 :n~rntr:r Bri;:;~l'e '7ove to t, is sector at lj_p-rt scr> le onl~r c'1d not Bd_f~de Group . '"a"~_mun r mr mjtion should be brou1;i1t . Otber c111its o""' Drii:,;<'<le Group crn ',e c<'lled forurird later. 11 0 1 1 * * * IR.Er;~,~;TZA1'0--P~B7.TTJ\RY F, 19/_)~--Because 0 f' his cold, Gci,,,,,erfll ClPrk did not Jer->ve the w=-vi tb-,.,our,b011t th9 entire rriorn:: ~e1 . ne r0mf'jned 8t '1:is des', "10r1dnr- on vn.rio11~ 1JJ~v,ertt r.intt9rs , :i ncl..11.ci11p; str ,,_ctl1eninr of' the A:r>zio be?.chherd ·;ith P British Br~g~de Group . 0 0 At 1110 he receivec1 n,, jor GenP-rrl F cH['ro11, CorJnrncler of' tbe ~tr A..,,ericrin J11.""~F1try D~ vision , ,·,ro is in It" lv on rn in3rection tour . Th0 Division "'t rresent is in ~nr,land . Later, Gnnerr ls Gbr"lr rnd Mcf''-1.hon ·•rorc joined bv I'r,jor Genern.1 Robertson, CoT'1mander o-':' tre ?nd An2ricrin Inf'rintr;r D-i vision, "rhich is P lso in F,nglnvid . Gew:ir1:1 l •~ci.'lP.hon returned yest9rd'l~T froT"'l the Anzio bridr;ehe'-"'d, rincl he f;PVe (},=mrmcil Clarl,c a f:irst kmd re1 ort on hi3 :i11rressio"ls of the situntion up there . Gennr,9.l Br1:inn n lso returned from the hr-i d1;1>he:id yesterdr.y. The si tu"'tion up t:iere hrs j_mproved a great deel d'1.ring the p 0 st ?/.J. hours , Pnc1 the German thren.ts hrve been beateri bn.clr . Lnter in tl· ~ cfay Ge 11erri 1 1wille n.nd Air Vice Fa:rshrl Dl' lbiac conferred witb tl1 e Ge;1erPl. Genernl Clrrk clictr>ted the followini:i; with regf:lrd to air support oi' the l<'i.fth Arrriy: vrns only as P -result of my P 11-out ef'fort to conce!ltrr>te n 11 tre P ir in \ this therter on my -'"'ront th::it tho CP'C rutl·oriz9d tbis the dny before yesterclr:>y. I 1"\a·1 ntained that for six T'JOnth;:; the Str:=i.tegi c Air hri s been j nterrupting eneT"y lines of corirrunicPtion bnt not su+'fi c:i.cmtly to r•revent h~ s oringj n; down wrirtever di visions hn neeclec'l , suppl~ : nr; them and -'::l gr tine; with thoP1 . Never yet has air preventecl 11ove11ents or sup,lies beinr- riwiiln.blG in ordAr to rerri:it suffic~,mt -f'ip;htin£; on the pirt of the e!1e17y to stop us . 11 It I As r rGsul t of trie cecision to use r> 11 tre 9.~ r, my stP ff, , ror"kinf, wHri XII Air Support , lri:i.d on £' fine rrogrrm for Stl~ategic , TPc 0 nc1 YII Air ..::u: r,ort in clirect sup:;ort of' the Anzio brittl0f::ela. _,..or JTester(;"'Y. TTn..,ortun,,tely, weather closed in ['t 11 o I cloc 1 , ;:i_nd 011],, rt out 1/1.~ o+' the 1 roP-r'lm n.s pit ; nto effect. : TTord fro1TJ +,he bridrreheecl s 11ow9d bov1 it b osted thP.jr riorale enc how ent;.usfactic the troors ~;ere to see i11cicc1tion8 of close •·ir nur,,·ort. ';8 r,:,·;ri"l l"id on yrrntGrdGy-1 s incomrleted pro~rn.n ""or ~~od'ly , l,1.1t v!et1thlr J-,as not fAr1,,itted its execution . 11 0 HTod.s.v, J.ir Chief n'lrSh£'1 D 1Albi1.c , TrP i>,h,~r ' s Depu+,y /\ir Co•~r,,r>nr1'1r, 8ncl :::MvillC:l ,iu,t called on ''IP., nnf in 2 cr>s1J1"1l_ co:'1.v0r2ntjon, told rie th t the r,eci- ~ sion b1<'1 1"'9en r1tirie t'·d s ~,orni11o; b~r t}-,9 .?ir , ·7ithout r~ference to m<-), th"t the )\ 0 �Str::1tegic, I told t1'e nrese1ct my reriuest to or h0aviP-s , would. ~o br-clc on their old co:-imu11icn.tion job to,..,.orrow . \ ldr ··arsbn l tb.Pt I v1r>s l0C' ~ opposer.. tc this rila11. ,ind hoped he would \ vir=ns to E8 1rer 1111d <"\lessor , trirt I mnde t1-rour;r rin 2.n official lay on one d"'y ' s <ill-out air pron:r:,m -i_n snrrort of' riy bric!1.;-'3heed . nr nr r0cordi11r-- t}-1: s to 1ndicnte thA +>8ct thPt teie 'pj_r oftent~_nes run their Om -mr, ,-rbic: is not ,"'l"JP'fC conrletely coor!i:l.nrted dth tre ITT'.'ound . I L"e.i,1triin thPt O11e 0ny 1 s 811- ont ~Jr effort in close surrort o+> the bridgehe"d on 1·11011m enemy concentrE1tio11s , nrtillerv- rirori s , c'u,1rps 01 nc'l cor,~unic'-ltion centers will cert,,,inly slow nr Pr.ri r<j~courrp;e his +'urth9r P1.ll-out nttr,c'c nhich re is bound to make . At len st we s:~oulrl r:-j_ ve ::1 t a try. I doubt if the.· wi 11 comply vlith rrn request . u 1 7 At 1530 G"mer"l Fre:rburg rinrl menbers of h"s taf'-f' nrriver:'l, c>YJ.d G,mern.l Cl11.rl;: V'ent ~YJ.to co:r.feronce rit 1'1 tr.en jn t},-3 con+>errnce hut . Tbe t:;rour · hj ch al,30 i11cluded G,.,11eral Gru,-=mtJ~0r f'nd ~3mi,0rs o.C: w-rious F-i Pth Army ::;ectio11s , discuc;sed tJ,9 co"lin~ srirloynent of +.re ,.,nd ~i8'1 Ze[llr11rl DivisioYJ. Elnri the Li-th Indian Division, wh.:ch conrrise Gener<>l ..,reyhur~ ' s 'Jew 7,ealf'nr1 Corrs . Followin,s the co 1<>erence , Q9rerrl Clnr1r returned to ris vn.11 to n.g,,jn nork on lo ,isticrl rrobl"'l:11s v·1 ii le GFm8rri 1 Gruonth"r refl" ~ 'lr>d i.n tl~e l ut to act P s host to Goner 0 1 :::"reyburg nt tre t:raditio'19l British late cfternoo11 te8. . 0 1 GenerqJ Clr-r1c fllso receiv0rl in tre late pfternoon P.n intollifence report from Colonel Howard. . Colonel Ho'-ra.rc1 sqid thPt tre siturtion i11 the bridgehead area V't=>S rruch i-proved . For dinr,er Ge·'le}~Pl Clri.r r had Lt . Col. :Port0r, SecretFry, Ganer"'l 3t2ff , as his guest . General Lucr>s rAnorted 011 1'is situ"'tio'1 2s f'ollo'rs this morninP": 1m 353. En°my comrrirntively -i n,,ctiv0 r'•.1.rinP' r.ig'~t . B.elief of Gur,rds Bri p;1=1de by BBttri lion 179th aCCOT'lpHshed ::.--TI10othl;y. EP.rly r9rort on ."'tt,,c'r of 45 Diviecion Pfperr sot::isf-"ctorv, rilthoug]-, heavv f'j_r,hti---i-,_; is in rroF,res-, . At 08'30 h.ours lenling cor:p:,nv- 179tl1 Inf:rntrr hPd reoch9d fPctory . '7 tc:.,-,~·, '"J9r8 puPhed through olc. rrilronrl. 1mderrrss, ? knocked out ut 5 co:-1tinue ~n cJose surrort . Con"icerrble German act::vit;r, co•1position rnd strcn::rtJ-i un'ri~o"m re:rort9d north"•est of f"ctory . Porrion 1 s trin'rs c1~sroserl to surport f'DY act5on "S rirti..ller,r -f'rol"' rr0.rri.rerl ro'"'ition or to f'Ssenble C1'1icJrly to r1eet r t,=m1,• threrit . 11 11 A lriter report frorr G9rerA.l LUC!" c, r' i"' closer' thA f'ol lm~inG -in "'orr1" tio11: 1N 3rSl. 11 Frogress o-f' !1-5 "1ivision c1ttac 1 cn,1ti"1ues -f, vorF.1bl0. . F..,ctory Pf]Y'rentJ.y set 1'1fir9 by our :=i.rtillery n. 1d tr111rs, eltho'F';h erri,,1.::i..1 :imount of r""'CI'ine ~m rind rifle fjre still comjn['. from thnt Pre? . Cur ten','1 on 1'111 sides o:' -"':::i.ctory rositioYJ. , b 11t m.<>in bod;r o:' ene"1Y Prpears to bP to tl1e YJ.orU . ''fo furthr:r h1-f'crr1r->tion co·1cern~nn; :;nef'17 force rrevio'1s1-.- rerorterl to t 1· e no:..•th ·est . !}5 :8i.vision 1:i ll c011tinuP to rusr to trie "lortl' . Rough r-·1r1 he11vv- scris r,rev9nt Pll iinlorriin~ ~-1cl'1J.inr; L ~TS in 'lzio h<'rbor . rr r 1 * * Il'ES '."V P0- - '2~RRT'Al.7.Y l? , 194/,;,--G'3nerP 7 f;lrrk left hi o. COTY\m nr· ro"t !"t 0,..,50 houl's 'Pld le,_-.+, the cu', "ield :i.t ()()00 , "lvin,,. to Pqrc~rni,.,e ··~th Lt. Col. utherlf'·'ld. T:r-iere lv~ met i' "'j. Gen . Crnnon .nnil le"t by Hs C- L.7 , riloted 1,~- 'r io.,... lorle ~, f_'or the n.~rro:rt ['t "8ttuno . Tre v,l,.,'1A ~rr::iVA0 th,:,re e"'ter "n 1 mevent:f'ul journe;r Pt 1035 . I �General Clrr1r hnl"'edi::i.+,ely ni:mt t0 the rePcl.ou; rt0rs VI CoP'IS 'VP c:re ho hPd ) lorig talk ''Tith GP110rrl L11cn.s. VI Corps l.e"'il'1_urrter3 is 110w loc"ter' jn the cellrtr c,f q 1uild-'ng in Nettuno. Foll◊"'"n,,. tM.s, tho Gi:mer:ol 'rent, ;:-uided ,,,_,y r"a.i. Jr cl:,on, to tre c0r,"'1r'1d r,of',t o.,,. tbe lc-Sth ...1jvj sion, 1 crricl is locnt0d in r f· rr:thonse ju t to t,i,e 11ortJ, o ~ tho ro' d ..r} icl' P.083 f'ro"l ~Tr,ttuno to ll'rGc<>ncelli. On the "Pl.Y GPn,srrl C:!.nr 1, T'fl.SS<;d !l err crrt..,in:in,.,. Gonerrl 'T'rurco~t e11rl -to:rred +'o-~ R sl-iort t1.ll•. fiurinP- ths r"rive t-,c p-rrn-n::: o"' '8-17' 1 s ~ere ohc:-erved bombing) tarp9ts +,o tl-i.e nec;t of tbe b"l~cl-t"l9"ti• The G-er""Yl .!>7r 1 v•ris iiecvy, rnd "t lorst r one B-17 wns '388"1 s11ot dovm.. \t the /.,S "-'~vis·ion Cl Q9rv,r"l Clnrlr }cd n t::1lk vd th G"'nern 1 r.:r 1les ,:n,o_ G.::,nerP 7 .,.._.., SC"' 1. The 179th Tn.t'.>rintry }1r,d successfully tA.hm thro tob..,cco -'-'::i.ctor'T r t Cnrrocetc· t½e PVeni"1 7 bPf'ore, but t 0()0(' t~js morni'1r_; tre Gerrrnrs "P,£1iTl re-too 1~ ··t. Colonel }'Prrerer -rrorosed t0 p;o ½Pc'r 1.11cl try O ,.,.q in. 0 R 0 0 Follo·,in<:; t}1i =- cn'l.,..GrA11".le G8·'1erf'l Clc-rl· •qent on -1:.o tJ-A '9:en(111 rrters of tl19 1st /\r"'lor8c Div-l sio11, locnte<i :,,bout .:-.:ve ..-,i les nort):, o-"' 'Tettuno -in a ine woorl s. Hr--re G8ri9r'17 8 Cl" }~1.;: arid C'1 <1no11, r nc1 ~1'8 nc>,-.icers r ccornrn nyi nr, th8ri, h8cl lunc11 'rith G9"19l1"1 irf'rrno11. rmi c1.:scussed hi.c- s.:turt-1..on. Tl,e G0n0r.<>l hf'd 11Pd '30"!9 cnqupl_+, 4 1"''3 tJ.--8 r-i~'-t ""3·"'cY"8 k r rip'1 ·111rs-l:.~YJ.g '1bell2 ne2ar r5s CI but ··[;'', in P'OOd ''ifj.,..-lts "l'1d CO"\p~c e 1 t. ~f'tr')""" l0,vi.·1p- (}''1~r:ol J,rr!'Jon 1 S CO"'lmRnd rost, Go,1er"l t;l[lr1:, · 14 th Gr>nnr"l "" 1v1on "'nrs t, e cth-,r o.,.,f'icers, ,~ent to t e Ci o+" tho :SrH:1.sJ~ 1st I'5.visio,., "1lier9 Ger...,rnl Clrr 1c tnlh,d w:ith G-8nor"l Tenn0y. ThA 1st Jivis~on su"fer8C1 hervr }oc- es J'8S'llV'1", nt l8n'3t in rrirt, fro' i'lfiltrPtion of '.}0rm"11S h9t'ree11. Prit·;_sr 1 mits so t11,-+, t},9 British ·r,r9 +,r"lr"'YJ. jn t:1e -"1P'1 'S prd •9nr ""lrl '·:..Jled or cn.rturec". G011.9rnl Gl·r1· r'ecided to pull this clivir;io"l out :"lc1 i·•1rlrc9 it b:r a-iothr;r r':;V)',1.('r'' rcrr}•<irs thr, 5r,th, "S soon fS por-;s:..ble. 'r2ne,,..A.l Cl"r': t 1 19n lrove to t'1e ,,.,-j·"th A_rmv ~ hr 1~e C}, ·10 loc1-1.t9d 1 jn .i.,,,e h::sorr;:nt o'., the "Borr,.hcse I'P)-nce 9.t 'Tett,_mo . TbAre he c iSClLBsed su;11~ ~ro',-1 er,s r1ith Colon8l D 1rrsa. At : hout 1530 110 lPft tl~Cl cor>"l/'T,d post p:•-irl ·rnnt to tl·e P.~r.,,.hld ,T1 s9re be tal 1 r,d ,,ith Genernl Lucas Yho hed met him there, and also with GenerPl Templar , Co1'mn.nd:Lng the Brit:i.sh 56th Division, who h'.c1 just arriv9d b:,- pl,ne ·7ith :::;cno of · ~::; str "f o"fic9rs to lool: ov0r t,J~e ,70 ,,,,c' -.,i...-': ch t11e 5/)tr vas to occur;t. ?ol10"":1n, ti is th9 G(3'1.8r'l::.. :.~ turmd to h~ .... SI- h;/ S-4"' an.r c1 11, , ~rrivt11~ ~t p'l-.,01,t 1700. }TPre 118 w,t G'"''1Pr''l'3 "lexrn.der rnrl :•rr,1 ~11c; ncl ,-c=J r h:-~9:' tPl''". '.:'here,f'ter, -:e9li.n~; -i,.,r'lsnos8c1, Qr,·-ier'"'l ClPi~ 1 , r9·~:I.red 1 1 1 t,J 11'q V8D 1 -r'o-r t11e 0 9V9n~'1C; . 1 RE i-r:TTZ\ 'TO--r \ ~,r~r~ [ 13, 1:4/,--i'C'<hy GnYJ.er" l r,1, r 1 - , 1or-"'':1l-<-t in, :;.sposed, rer,c.: nPd in 11is V"r, qll ''lPY. He recoiV'3d H nu,~'Y,:t 0~ crll J~s, ho·;·9ver, 1v10. r+,t3 1cled :,o A.d..,icr:str.'.:'tive ,,,,rtte-r-. 3ennrnl Cn"'11on, Co~·•cinr1-i--p; t½e 1°tt fir Force, v5 ,i:.9c1 tho t\.T'",r Con... ::i.nrler T ( -"'·'.~-.,13S'30. .. ~-'.:.r i-,..;"l t,h, ,ro·,1,-,ms ('~ , i.:r suprort o.(' t}'e "'iftl Arri. activ··t 1 es. It. :::ol. Dal:r, Co•1n:.:rr'~nc; +,11_9 l':>t', -r:v~cu· tion nos;itel, G;one:ri::il ''nrti:ri rnd Lt. Col. "lrnce e.lso cPllecl 011 Gn 1110r, 1 Clrrk . :}9nrir,,ls "cl rhon A.:rid "oh9rtso11 ~+.o:;red in 01•-i_9.r>l;, -l-,o s:p- <;oou.11 re to GenPr' 1 Cl<ir 1z, a,; tl 3y ·nre 01c 4:.1 si.r ·v::.,_r ·-.,ec1· to the Unitec1 K..;,,, ...,-r om P ~t'"r the~_r visit- tr the Ft .,..tl Arr1y :ro>1t. 0 0 (1"1"9r' 1 'Jl' r 1: ~ s ;-;rentl~,r concerrn}C. ow~r t,; e ~robl8IJ 0f' 1,r;~bir"" the Ably') r "'.t \ Cess..;no. Q,9r1D,_~q~ ,-,re;rb,,~g ..;'3 co•m-'·0cer1 tl·"t t}•9 (}'1r""rnc, "rP •1,:;·'1y,· tl-18 ~bb9'r for nr::_lit,,..,.,r p 1 1.r-"'oses. G8rerrl ,,ru<mthPr, ,t G-"YJ.Pr.,, Cl,,rk 1s c'irAct-·on, ,:1ct,qt,9d the .,..olJ.017 ·n[l' ""'P,f1C)"'P11,1l1J'l 0'1 -:,Jiis c;ub·'.ect: �;:,½011t lQOO :~ours on nt1u•rl:;, -, i"'0br·•nrv 1.?th , Qr,nAr"l Fr9•>-i11r,..,. t9leJ:,on9d -n-. '1'1cl sti terl, ' T resi:re J.J «t ::: he ';ive,,., 0 :•~ "'Hf"Ort to,.,,orro\·1 ln orr1 er to 'lC:ft~r t'19 c.r19....,,r Y'OGit50vi .!.1th~ CA'3'>: . ,.,~ ::--ren. : "rrit t1.1~t~e 'l:ljc s~o'Y'ls of l? rJ..r n'=>'l e2c] tl,e l;:,n91 to he ::.;_+,tv For1')9:c·, C"'rr-r:i.,,'s 1000 rou.nr1 b0mbs 1• 1 I tnlr r'ronc,ral .,.,,reyburg tb·-t t,}-,9 nr•1r C0''1'11'"'1r13r hf'n rl::lr9ct9d tr:, M 0 in <>ir eff'o··t .Pnr to,.,,orro''i be CC1'1CP Ttrrted on th·-i ··rzro hf'+,tlc,"'ro11t, ~,,_r' tb')t J ' [ l f '10t ;urA ·l <>th0r or r(Yt, •-re ·1011lc he ·1 1'ln, tc pi.•re .,.;,~ t},,,t r u-:11 «ir on the 13th. I told ":n trat tl1 P Arr1y Cor '"nr'er ·,0ulc1 rn.q·•r, P.V •r" '3+'+'ort to coricentr-=i.te ?:lr in surrort of t',e T11r1:La·1 J'ivisioP ..,,:;trc: 011 tre ll;.tr . Gr-i-r1A'l""l --,reybnrg 8m:;--h.,sized t ..,t .e vo11l 1 l iJr0 to }1 :c1ve 811 ·!:;hP ~ 'r ,,,., co11-1, ';9t O'"' +,h.-, 13th in order to "'ofte•1 th=; 01Ymy, Ancl thPt b8 boJJ.everl th9 th:res ni S"'ions r<:? i.u •sted ·18rA the T')-i_n .._:rmrn l {~('111i.re.,,,sntci . I r9r l~Ad t 11~t T . ,.,,, 7 " '1'0 ~nto thJ mrtt0:c rt OPCfl . ttnt 1 ; 1 1 1 1 0 1 "I then crec1·ed ,,::tt} Go'1cr;-,l P.r['17Yl n,~..:i Lt . Col. ·r,nsbc-r011~1i to detsr"1i·1e t e '1,ntu.t'e 0f thP trrn;At : s1nerits 'ltlich t]:-.9 t'S" :39,lA.'1d Cor "3 1--::cl 911bnitted t'1ro11v½ n.lr snrrort C}''1'1J1C 7 s. I ,.ounrl. t,h t j t m1 17.rl be rossiblr-i to f11' 1:'3 one ;".; r:}'t.9r- ½0"'1hnr S Jll,'lr'lron ['V" ., l·- ':ll9 ":o cur"0rt t t'E') tT9vr '3e~. "nrl Cor· S • I Cf' lled Ge11.9r,l 4 'rsvb1n•n; snc t0lc 1 ~"'1 that i.t ;1ould ")9 rossihJ.,, to P-iv0 rj.,,, C''1e s11 w.dro.., 0.,, A- 1-S ril" nP s carr ·i. ir 5or. ro1111d hor'lbS for Cl19 o<' -1:,l·v:i rn~ -sioYJ."1 7J.1~cl' he hMl subri~tted . I "sved h-i11 to rlesir;r1"te •rrich trrr;et !'e de irec' ,.,tt,,cksd. Pe rA....,lied 'T W'l."l+; the Corvont Pttr c 1n:id I• I tolc rim thr't .,. '"'rssunec1 },9 ' [ ' ~ re-"9rr-in; to +.hn f'o11.Pstsr bl,t ti1i=t th;c, -,.,~" not O""t '1-is list of tnrr,9ts . He rerli.ed , ' I r->rr1 r:mite sure it ,w-; 011. :r 1 ~st o+' tn~gnts, b1't in nn~~ r:rise I 7r>'1t ~Lt b0:ribed . rn1-,.9 otr r tarrt9tc; f'~e l'n~rrrnort;:,nt, hut tl-,'3 0'10 ~s vit['L ~h8 diviz:i_o11 conm"nrier ·-rl-o "S ""~ 1cinn- t1'8 nt,t11c f"e 7 .S th"t i.t i'"' f'n e ,-;ent; ... 1 tr get ~ind I Voro•1cthlv "qr'Ge r·rjt}' 'ini '. ::: tolrl Grn,:,rnl ~r.-,ybu.:r~ t A.t 1 )0C"USe of restr~ ctions in co'1n9ction ·7ith t},iG t['rcret I rroulrl h,VP to "',fl'rn a fw:·th'".)r ~heck to d0tern-:'18 the ~rny Co'~¥v,,nr"er 1 s "AsirP . 1 1 1 7 1 1 0 1 1 · , 10 r 0 ClP:r 1• ,;ri:is 11.ot «v?ilPble . .,. called Gen0rrl ~'frc'i'1rt B'"'C tn)f hiri 1 Ge'1errl 'reYbnrc; • qc; p-:;knd +,i,.,t the fbbe r o+> su1x,t-int.;~1Jy tl e f'ollo,;~ng: F~onte CH$Sino be bol'1 b9d toY'lorro-7 . GPn9r" 1 C}r .,.,,. ,.,~ 11 not be r Vf' :· L" ble for , ';out an 1~o·n·, so h') does not 1-no-r. 0~ t]~is rec1uent . Gr-in . 8J.Fr'- hR3 r.ir0Jr9n to Gr:n . Fre7h1 rro; on -it le:1.st t 'O or:~R'liO''S co'1r:Prn;ni:; th9 1<rl,Jj sal;i l·"ty c+' boMbino- the t"omist 0 ry. J:e to l cl G9n . k'revburg thPt r"ter co'1s1 11t~'1g Gen . Y:>.ye", tl::0 Cor'"'s Co~r1 nnc'ler, ?nd Gen . Ryder, the Sor.,,,rnder n,.. +,i--.9 11,th ~iv . , },p ccn::-ider.c>c1 tJ-,E't no militriry necess:itr existed "'or its clestruct~.on . '1en . c"reyhuro- e·0-re· sed tc Ger. c1.~r 1' 1 :i ,~ cr·ns~ r'91~9d 0 ·in.: 011 thrt th8 C.9TGru~Von o~~ tJ19 "on-- '1tr-,rv ~s r ,.,.il it,_,•,..y ;y!ces-;-ity, nnr' t11.rt .:t, ''!1.S unfrii.r to ass~~'1 to f1'1.'T M~L1it.-ir~r cor1r1rnr"0r the ~ic;si.on of trl'i'la ti1e hill , P'1rl pt, t.},., s~me t-ime not PTP'1t rPr'""'jp;s"on to bc,;nb tle rionR.story. ro·mver , in vjrn o" tre nrtur9 cf t' 8 t'"rr;et, r-11.r' i~}i'} i11~~"'r'1R.tiom1l Pnd r, 7 '/:;ious inrrlicPt:i.0 11s '>rrrlv8c1 , T c,h01,:.r l-"Y-'1 to f"nt 0 n e;q,rcssioYJ. o+' or·"nio11. -"ro.,,, Ar,r}' a.s to t',e •1rli1isabjlit•~ o" ... ,1t' or::lz·inp; t 11e ½cr1binq: 1 • G<m . 'I•rr··n,,. stRt90. h. ➔ m1 il l t[' 1 :0 tbe ,._,rtt9r ur ·ri.tl G9'1 . A.l8XP'1c1Gr, 1'1'1(' ·ro•11J' l 0 t "18 1rnm !}rm . Ale,~"'1rler 1 s vjG'·', shortlv-. ' 1Gc,ner2l 1 0 0 n"e"llTYhile I got i'1 touc" with Gen ~ Cl- r -, --,h0 tolrl n tl-1rit he consi.c1ered t 11e dest~ 1 1'"!ti.0'1. o+' tho ro1ri"t9"'r "RS not n ,,,,~litrar•r necessity, 'l'Yl tlYt I s:rnuld P!Pl,e tr'l.t r9rrr:;"'e-'1tE1tion to G0r . T'r -,..d,no- n 1 0n he c'>lled lrtor to g:Jve Grm . Alo· :varder 1s vi9 1 • Gen . Cl,,r'r ::>}so :=;tf'ted +;r"t t',~s Y'"3 a p,rttsr, l icb caus9d h:1"'1 so"19 P.m')f'rr<:13'"'· ,'3nt 3.n vi.9'V o-P the extremel7 str01.,0; vieT3 of G<:m . 1<'rr,vhurr; t 1~t t,1113 r estructio11 nf t>o "nnast9rv is R "'!ili trr•r necessit,r . G~ne:~'1.l c1,,r 1, +>e 1t th<lt 'illl-32S C'ren . Frtwburg recGder fror1 tris ror~tioYJ. ~t "0Uld rlPce Gen . Clrr1r 1-'1 2 very dj ~r~ cult ro-iti.or in tb2 ':;Vent tl1 r t tJ.,.~ rtt.., C1' ~11 0'11 cl "~j_J.. 10 1 0 1 �ttr crilled Gen . K0sreq rit Rbout 0 11-5, ·rho tolcl me t],l='t, he cjd not co11s:lder the rles-!:.ruct1on o+' tl'e ffonasterv to be r mi.li+,Ary D")CessitJ. Fe -f'1.JTtrr::;_n stnted thrt t},e bomb:ir1re o-"' t} e ]'0'1R,3terv "'Olll' rrol-i·0 ½1~, "'Phnnce its v~11 1.e ns R militar- obstacle, hecnu:-;e tre (}0rm:::-11s ronld t½e'1 f'e0l free to 11,e it '"'S " b?rricade . Gen . Yey0s !=Jtr>ted thc:it Gem . lty,~er , G0YJ. . Butler f''1d Col. Bortnnr were nn,c,YJ.·imons in treir opi nioYJ. tret the destru"!t:ton of' th-; building ·p11s not necess<iry. BT r,,a !}9n . K-Jves s"dtcl ""'1 to lis 0-'"', T.,t. Col. iElter, -1:-,o f'jnd 011t ;vbrit in.tell~r"'1Ce re-roy,ts h0 ½rid nn -1::,}•e b11-i.ldj11.,..,. . Co10110l ·;c•ltc,r ➔;old r9 tl,,.,t -Prom two civn.~r-m so~.i.rcec; re hNl rea;'O'1 to ½el 1 '"'Vo th['t t1-;_ere T3re r'>+'11P-nes in th0, t,1,1jld1-Yl<=;, 0ne re·,-,ort st.,ti"1.,. +,J.-int trere ·rere proly,bly a.3 ""any as ?Oro. Colonel 'Ir lter st ter' thrt f'rtill ..,ry CI I s h"l.d suh- 1 tted sev9rP: r0rorts concerninr, the u·::e o ~ the ..onr st8·~v as ,.,.'1 C'I , ½11:. thrit '1e }1r>d no r0, orts of rn;r P ct 1° 1 fire com-irr: from t,,13 build~ng . He stPtod thc:it the rwidence pointed to tho f,-,ct thrt there w'°'re :memy strongro:: nt2 vr=,r-r close to th':! ,"D lls of' the 1-:ll1" ldin'$ . 1 "At ?130 I telhod to /}e"1 . FPrc.~r>f" ·r~c ,trted su0stP'1t-i.<>1l;v rs follO'"S: li}e11'3r[' 1 l\lrn:ander r,f' s decided th~t tr e r'o>1r-> sterY sr 0'1 lr'J. lie 'JC""nbed if GP'18N 1 Freyburg consirfors 1 t as P militr>r~r necessity. He rer;rets thnt tl-e building sho11l rl h,, c' estro•red, but th t he hP s f'r, Hh :.n Gen . Fr0yrmrg I s .iun[;T'lent . If th9re is PYJ.V Y'eD.'3011.able "•robqbil itv thr>t t,lie ,,,,1il,H11_-; is bei11n- usec'l for · rilite.r • nnrro"'8S G""n8rP1.flexam'"lr believes tl'f,t its clestruction ::s 1Vf1rrant9d 1 • I tho'1 tnld Ge:-1 . r·,rcl~nP- th~t I }y,d leen ahl0 to tnlc to G8nerP1 Clf"rl, siYJ.ce my first telerhonr:, C"nv0rsrition. wi.th Gen . Fardinr- P'1c thr,t Gen . Clr>rk ' s view 1 Gen. Clr>r , does not thin"" thrt tr e '1,uilding was substri11.tif' lly P s .Pollo"IS: .sho11ld be 1,(1..,berl, 8 d trPt ;r- tJ,-,9 cor "'lrnrler of tl~e 1.:JPW Zet1lrnd Gorps 'Vere an Ani0ri":1.n cor;1n.:<inder ho •7ould c;ive sr-eci+'ic orriers thPt it vrould not ')e bombed . Ho"P.Ver, in vie,v of Gen . l?r9-r;)nrp; 1 s posjtio'1 in tbA British .,.,ynrire forces , the sjtu"'tion "'1S n. r'elic...,te one, P11c: Gem . Cl."rlr hAsit,-,ted tr f;ive hin snch qn order '7~thout first re+'errinr; the r:1-,"'",ter to Gen. AlezA.nrr,r . Gen. Clrrk is still o-"' tl 0 o. infon tr'lt no r1.il-'tprr YJ.ecessity e~'~ sts >'or th" ceRtr11::::tion of the f!'onr,PtArv. H':! ½eli9V'")':: it nill '3'1dR.n[;er +,J,-,r:, liYes of' rnr,nv c-'vi.linn refuisees in th8 1:iuildi.YJ.o;; '1'1.d tr· t P bo;1binfs r-ill not r'estroy its v~lue r>9 a forti -"icPtion +'or t 1 1e A11em;ir. In fact Gen . Clr-r1 •"eels tl nt tl 1: bo ,b~ ng "rill rro " br-1blv 8nh1.11ce j_t,s \}'c:i:!_,_rn . I Gl")'1 . FPrn5nr; st,.,tnr', ' Gen . fleYnnder h"'S mrdP, h:s position ri_uite clePr en t11is point . He rer;-.cets very T'J.Uch thrt the lonaster:· s' ould be destrove,:-1 , hut re !'l88S no other choice . If Gen. Cl"r:V r'esires to tP11-:: J=Ar sonr>ll•r to Gen. Ale~<rinu,r Pbo11t t,t,e --:u'lJject , J <">rrl ::11JTP. thr>t Gen . Ale~~ander "'ill be pleR'3"')d to dif'cu"s it T:tl- hin . 1 0 0 0 1 J rerorted [' S11mffi.'lr:; of' mY cnnvers"tion with Gen . I'"rdi.11; to G 11 . Cl,r1 r '7ho told T"e tr tell Gen . r'reyb11rp; thrt ,,11il"' h8 still c1-;d not co11.:;irler trrt it Y'9.S ri rnilitflr.' necessity to boT'lb tl e r'o•1rstery, he , Ps vr.i ll 1ng to defer to Gen • ..,re·rbur~ 1 s iud,vient i +' Grm . Fr8:rburg han evidence thct -' nr1:i c~ted tb1'1t the ''onn s ter.r shoulc! be bonbed . II 0 0 I CPlled Gen. Frevhurr; R.t ::>prrox"'r~tel•r 2?00 :ond prlvised ~"'1 as -"ollo"'s: Gen . Clar1" does not be 7 ieve thr1.t ri raili t'l.rir nece,si t. ~ e:vi st~ +'oy, tl-:te destruction o"' the 'On.,...,ster;,r. He :ls reluctf''1.t to ruthoi~ize its bomb-ing unless you nre cert1:1in th~t -'ts lestruc.tio 1 -;s 11ece"'Scl.''Y•' GenP.rf'l Proybure st,,tec' th"t re hPd ri:onn, ~nto tl1e natter t'hoY"01 1 Yh]y n-'t,r t,J,,9 cljvision coromp'1r'Or OJ"' the; /,th Indirn Dtvisio·1 8'1d tl "t t;1G '~vision coT'1T"rnder "'as riuite co•Wi'1ced thrt tl'e borribjnr:: of 11 1 1 �the r~omistery is necessPry . Gem . P1·0ybur~ furth9r st ter1 +,b,,t h9 d-id not be1 ieve th.nt it ~r0111c1 be SO1Flr1 to v:ve "11 ord9r to cn:rtu.,..e '011rsterr T':ill pnrl f't t},e SP"'l9 t; me den7 tl10 CO' rr,rny'pr ti 9 ri ;it tC' r8nove PD -i "'!Tortnnt ob·,t::i.'.:!le to tbe success o-" tris mission . Fe stPterl thrt ri'1:r hip-her cor:1nnnc1 er who re+>,1sed tc ::i.uthorize the l;o"'Jb-i nv, would hnv9 to be fT9p"rec' to take tre resr,onsib:'..1-i tv ""or P. r>ailure of th0 rttr>c}· . I told Gen . Frr,yburg tlvt the Arny Co,,.,>Jnander '''P q repnroc: to A11t'1or-i z9 tt e h----mbinr; o" tl-e tPrget i +> it WPS Gen. Frevburp.; 1s conc-;:lr1ered 0;1in-io·-1 trnt it WPS A nilitar r neces,jty. Gen . Fre·irurf! "ns·vered thPt i.t "l:'lS hj s co11sHer'.Jd opjnion thnt H is e rd lHr->ry neces1:it7 . I t11-=ir> told rren . Fre7b11r--:- t]'.1',t the fljr .;;ssion VIPS f1Uthorized, end th"t he sr.011 1.c'l A.rran1;e vrith Gen . Ke-res for the rernov'll o-"' II Corrs troo.,...,... ~i-io would be e11dri11vered Y t,hj s boJ11bing , ond th~t Grm . ~reYbur~ \Joulrl iet9,~1,ri.11e "'1 l1 om· "lhFJn t:re area v1ould be safe f'or th bombing . 0 0 11 I t1 en CP lled Gen • Brann [' nd to l rJ. !' ~ m to P rr<> nge 'Ti th tr O "ir +>o:r- t>1e bo'"'Jbin;r of' tre rI011r-istery c'1 thci r1or11i11e- of 13 Febru, rr; the exact ti"1e to bA riven later, b11t i:ri. no cnse should Ve born1,inr· be executed ,rior to 1000 hours on 13 FebruPry. 0 "At Grm . ra.crv ' '"' rer11J_p<;+, I (![' lled Ger, . Fn.r<"~ no; <>t ?l/,O 1-rnc: told 1ir1 substPn1 G-en . Clrr1 w·11 trH· to Gen . \leX'l'1.dP.r ~n tre n-:crn~ng contj ,::ill, r as f'olloirs: cernin's +,rFJ c,"'11,i'1's o-~ t} 9 ~011;-,st')r,r. T{e still +>,,,els th~t :Jt ~ s n11 '3rror to br;-nb it . He does 'Wt think th"'t there i"" suff':i.cient evir' nee to PrrPnt the> stntemP'1t th"t ~t -is n '"'lilitrir;r nece9s~ty to bo"1½ thFJ ~'.onastcrv , nnn -l:h~t -in vi"''"l o" tre ~9l 4 .c-io1 1s nnd int9.,,.n~tio11rl :imrlic,tio~s 0P -i+, e fni=lls th·0 t le shoulr1 discuss it wjth Gen. AleYander i'1. tl e r,r,rni."v: . ~-A"'1"hil8 ti, e 1x,7Y'1'~ mi<:>c,jon h"S been l'lid on . It will not be sch=irh1led before l0Gn rn' ~t can he cr,ncel1ed. ThP Ge·-1ernl f'Ae1s t.nt s-ince (}en • ..,r9T1 "U'f; +>:i0l ~ sc strc,,,r1·} - nbout it rnd -in vir:iw of G9·1er<>l .,..,re~rhc1rr 1 s 1-ositio he 1ouln li 1r'3 to t"llr. to G8n0rr-l Ale7°nr'er ·"')out it . Jf' it v1ere [lr,, i~er~ cPr corin"'n ler his c'eci.c::ion V'o 1ln be r-n easv oYJ.e n.11r1 r would not bother G9'1nrrl Plexrinder Pbci1t it, but he :ill tn.l{ to him in tre "'lorni11r.tt 0 1 0 rrcun le"'le11V,,"' Ge'1Gral G·eu9'1t 3r 1 , r,'eco::-cl o+' eonver::mtio"1., ('n ::"re ·blP'P: 1 s re111est to hnmb tre J'o·rirstPrir, Gener8l Ale"rinrer r11onP0 T'l8 tii--; '"10rriinc; abcl't 0015 . Fe told ">8 i1e 11nrl0r:?tond I did not .,.8el the r:,O11ri sterv ,..~1ould b8 bo"'lbGd. :::: co11+>ir"'1ed J,;_c:; belief on t e ,vo1mds th~t 4TTJ.ericPn Co,,,m9nders <'or soTfje ··,eeks now •rrl not -"'ound it "lAce~sarv. " h,:,r1 rio .;rlic"tion +,h-t tle rnonr->stery ·•1rs bei11,.,. user r-iy t1'e G0rn'1ns; t1,,~t our m::i.ny ""'rev~ o-;,, e "-fort~ to bnnl; f' bui lrl~ ng or locpljt,,,. to rrnvent its use hY t},e GFJr~wns hu' Al'7Pys "~iled, 2nd "f' ;t -;rs bombed it Wf'S a better def'e,1sive ~r>strl l <>tior, tl'an befo"e . I +.old ,-i"'l thrt if the GArriiins WAre 11ot in P'1C' :1e t,l·mu;lt tJ:-ev '7ere ~n, ti,eJ certf'inly "'cnlc1 go ~-n it ,.,f'ter our bo.,,bin"· . Trese r,,.re th9 m~l:itrry r9rir;or2 . 0 11 or rel:tr•j_o,1s P'1r' sP,rit,-iro9·1t87 re!l<;cw1c:;, H, is tno ½nrl unnecessrrily to des+,ro~- o.,,e o" the Prt +:.rA"S1IT99 of'+, e world. Bedrles, ·e h<>ve indjc~tioYls tr"t JT''l".lJ c-i,vili:in "/'Omen P'1<1 ch~ ldr9'1 ['T'e t" 1r:;.rip; .,: elt~r ther i11 . Tre eyhrit of our '"ir 9f'fort ,.,'~ici, we cr111 rut on it ri 1 7 ;-,ot rlestro"T th9 builc i r, r ',,1t ,~ ll rrierely ""iVe t},e G0 rr,r'l, 11'1 8'CCUS9 -1:.o USP, it . 0 Al8X1"rr]9r '7P.S 1111it0 i.n'l~strmt th,-t -it ½e boni'ben if "'rp-burr; WP:r>tec. it Pnoth9r evi. ➔ enr,'3 o,. ris undul·r ~ntc:;rf'8ri11 w't½ Fif'tl-i Ar~.· Activit-ies _qn' rlo~n,.,. 11 �business direct '.Vi th my subordinn.tes . It s:rows th::=it he is most reluctr->nt , even / over my objection, in doi11.1s A.nything in disspr,rov:i.nr; Pn Hction of' Freybur,q; for (' political reasons . I told AJ.exA.nder t1Y t j f ~t ,,,as en A·~ericB11. Conmwr'J.der, PS j t had been in the ;)A.St , I would re:'u se to give the PutJ-.ority, but du2- to the noliticnl daintiness ,,,jth vir•ich "re h.rd to bmdle the 't>Jew ZePlanders and ?reyburg, I was reluctR.nt to cause a. najor issue Pt t½e present tir e . 11 0 0 Last even-in[' •srorc. cc=nne thDt G·enerel 'r;'re:,hurg h['.d re lli''JSted t 1 Y"'t the bcw']_>)r-rdrnent he de+'errecl tenporar-i l:;, r<ue to the f2ct thr>t r, oiscu.:;sion bet1 rnen him and General Ye;/AS hAd developed th rrobP.bility thrt II Corra troops "mule'. be injurec' i:" the bc~11);::.rdnocn1t - rprr; cr> ried out ~t t 11 is t~ me . Hm1ever , the rrospect of bor'l1:>"rdme~:1t is still il'.'.lFtinent . 0 11 Today a nessage frori tl~e beachhead announced thPt f-'. jett:isoned Germrn bornb harl_ s~L1 1'..c1r in t)· e other r:r -.;ound: '1F; ~9r,1e,~ nt Do'7' the rPdio orerator 8.'10 r1 r:' ver o'"' tr,e rr-Ldio j,)er r:.--y' +1·,ree o,... tl1r-, eic-;]1 t T'.F 1 s ;1.0 J-,r,,1 been taken up to the br~ dceher,_d last 1veek P s ri. p;uard for General Clt1rk I s imnedlnte C} . T1.--o of the Gcmerr,1 1 s jeeps h9d been dameged by i'ra~r,rmts, anc1 his van, r>.lt'-i01rnh rlaced in a tnnnel near +,he r0Jazzo Por 0 :hese hrd been dnmager1 1,-;; blR.st . I 1 \ Gener.s 1 Clark +,oda r rGcei vr:,cl tre follow5 nc:; cA blr-; fro"! G--i1P.rP 1 J\le-'rn.nu.er . T'A 1007. 11 I have rt'eceived the +:'ollo 0 "in,q; r;1essag fror:·1 General -~isenl 0 1 19r . 1 All rorr last ;,rear I s terT'l'T!etes now 7 n the United 1~i n.-=;dori. Pre follo"ring :lour operAtions 1.'ii th 1 :een r9ri J.ization of the innurnere hle o bstP. clec. you Rre encountc~rj ng rnd with comrJ.ete +>p:ith :i11 ~¥"c:..:: ahilHy to remove them . The unbre8h1ble solidPrit:r of the '"eciiterrono,c,n "'.rounr1 , navnl, P5-r cornr'lflnd ·,ill win through to total victory just as it emerged triur'1phant :f'ror,1 tre discour::i-:;ing cJjfficulties of Jast winter I s Tunisian car,'paign. We dPsire especially to conve;r to :rou Pnd to GenerPl Cl.,.,r 1" our lasth1e; con+'5_clence ln your leac:er•Jhip a 1d our :rride j n your FJap;n:ificent troops . Cunnin1=;h2m , Teclder, Srdtr Gnc1 P.11 the oth0rs here share m;r regTet that we can novr be with you only jn spirit 1,ut r,11 of us send 2.. rroud salute to :rou 8110 to all the Allied o·~f:i cers 8nd men that mak:e up your great f'ir;ht:i ng co:ri:riaml. 1 n n.r-r 0 1 1 111:~ ..:•-r:; 1·JZA u0--F1 :rrnJ.A :,:y 14, 1944--Genern 1 Clnr}:: toctwr, still :;:·,c;cow,rin~ "'rori his cold, remained at his comrr1.'.,."lr1 rost vc:-n nnd Pttsrrideo to Pdr1 4 n.:istr,,tive ,~Ptters and held a number of' conferences . At lCCO in t 1"e norni'1.p; r,9 tPlked ui tJ--, Colonel Hj ckel1r1ait and reviewer] '7ith him n number of r8cords on court mn.rtir..l cases . At 1100 L~ entenant G8nernl Pnders o-f' the -Jnd Folish Corps and BrigPdier :c'rith, British Liaison ( Pficer , togeth<;r ,,uh Lt . Co1. Szym<"nski, c"lled on General Clark. The GarpPthian Division o-f' the Fol:ish Corns adjoins the Fiftt, Army on the rj ,·ht, ½einG the left :lan], 0lement of the 1-;;iR:hth FTFJ.:f. <\ f'ter lunch the C,AnerP 1 received P call ,:>rorn GenerR 1 ?rev1,urg v ho cl-i scussed at sorre len-rth thA rrobl0m of bomGing the Abbey l"t Cassino . GenerP.l Frevhurg sa:ic1 thrt if he was to tRl:e the r~onr ster:,r Fill the \bbey- •'To11ld hn.ve to be f'lAt tened; h8 conld not be responsible :or the cnrture or fRilure to C"pture ·if tl e .A½bey 1vere left as Rn obstPcle . As 1 ';:ener,:il Freyhm·g was le,.,,ving, Gnnerc1l Jnin arriV8d , Pho the t"rO had a short tal1(. Gener2l ,Juin expressed t};e ide2 thRt fla+,ten5no; the Abbe;r wns unnecess,g_r,, n.s troors co111d by-rass :it nno tlvm smoke 0 1 0 I I �it ,·he'1 tJ1e +>·-.,11.1 rlcc-':s 4ve 7 n,,.,tt9r ·rqs rll c ec 4 dec1 . ""UC\ rn_q r-ut GP.nerrl ,;,.,,,,, ·bur,.,. 0"' . "'['j_(' tJ'1rt tbe Generel Juin 7, Pll ·ent u-~ 81Y1 1-~d fl t.nl1" ·:itl-i r',<;n9rrl c1~rk . Qr>'1 ,rrl •vr,•, jYJ. f'rvor of ST'eer1·• rit,tp0i- . F9 3w·c1 "''1Ce l O"'Rstery Fill wrs rer1 ced a', ~.l'1"1CJdi,-,te rush +>or•Aro ,.,.' 4 1,, ... , 9 r9T""<l'1'1 ·ere -till ',roren "1 4 P-1,,-1- rrocuce sr10 '1cl4n re""ult::; . T·e sP~c1 , h0 ever, ' e nul'i 09:'.:'lor0 " lcY'"' r:-=,riod of orw 11.~ i.nt4 011. ·"ollow" nr: t} "l ottr"c1· 0'1 t e h 4 ll before tl"e ~ :ri~ral atk c 1c 11ent ""OT'"/U'O.. G9;1e:Ml Cln.r1r S"'id to G0;,"9rnl Ju-'..n tl-iPt h-"' ','T"S t"c 0'18 bri~ht srot jn R tou,c:;'1 ('!'1 a"1(1 tr<>t he, C're>1crPl vlRr'r , '""S iu~t "'S rn..xious to att8Ck %"It tre e,rlies+, 1o~s::.'1le mo nnt f!S Qr,119r~,1 Ju:;.n '"'A.'J . .Tuin I I G"'nerrl CJ.'•rlr t 1~11 ''rent clc m • _.t G0n0r"l Juin t0 tl 8 but "''1.rl wve hi.n t•m '~ottles o.c> c' "'"T ~'lfl, "lld nll hpnrls hrid a 1 rin1• o+> "'herry to thn s,wcess o" the f'rrt co·ina rttRck. Gon.9r<>l crville tb9n cr>mc tc s9e (}nnArR 7 Cl-or1r, P'1C t ey hPd a t~lk ::-bout F1jr surror~ f'cr +he -i'ortrco"!~ri • op"r:1Vo11s of t e -nifth trn:r. * * * PRESENZANO-•P:EmUARY 15, 1944-Today the Anr:, Commander remained at his command post attending to administrative matters. The air program JrOT.ided tor bombing Cassino monastery with tour groups of "Fortresses" beginning at 0930, and the large tormtions passed directly- over the comnand post. As the planes were eoming over, 16 bomba were released by mistan. One or these hit near the com• •nd post, sending a number or fragments through the Commanding General's area. Fortunately- no one was hurt. The ••sages f'rom the beachhead during the day- indicated that the night 14/15 was fairly quiet bat that air activity- b7 the Germans built up towards the close of the da7 and finally- caused considerable damage in the port. At 0230, RN 5860, VI Corps radioed that the night quiet and that there we.a nothing to report. •s RN 5886, from VI Corps, reported patrol actions at various points bat a quiet night in general. By VI Corps message RN 443, an air attack south of Garroceto was reported by 12 ME•s and n•s with only slight damage. A message f'rom General Lucas at 1750, RN 452, reported three bombing end strafing attacks on front line troops with one rE 109 shot down. At 2055 the following dispatch was received: RN 461. "Air raidl!I port tonight destroyed one LCT with gasoline. One Liberty, Yale, had ,,.o ne hold damaged by fire, other re,rts of Liberty may be damaged but are under control. Air activity of enemy noticeable during the day. Several ME'a shot down. Frederick reports enemy front lines closer in and more strongly held on his front. Power reports our artillery and mortars have caused man:, enemy casualties in factory area." * * * �PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 16, 1944•-General Clark's notes of today's activities follow: 1 "This morning I attended a conference with General Alexander. The first subject to be discussed was his disa~int~nt in the way Lucas was handling the Corps Commander's job in the Anzionr:ldgehead. I knew this was mming, for he had discussed it with me previously and, to be perfectly frank, I am not 100% satisfied with the hold Lucas has taken on that situation. When Alexander told me he was dissatisfied, I asked him to tell me why, and from what sources he ob• tained his information. He told me that Lucas was older than hie age, he was old physically and mentall,-, was tired, had no flash and was not at all familiar with the deta.ils of' the situation. I had found Lucas, on my many- trips there, unfamiliar with many details, and I had urged him to send out members of his staff' and to go out himself' and satisfy himself with conditions as they were. Alexander had to admit to me that moat ot his inf'orma.tion came from General Penny, Commanding General or the let British Division. I told Alexander that as long as we were discussing personalities and being perfectly !rank, that my trip up there a few days ag0 had revealed from Lucas, Truscott, Harmon and Eagles that none or them had any confidence in Penny. This shocked Alexander, and he repl1.9d that he had confidence in him, to which I replied, "Nature.117, tor you appointed him". I told him I was making no request for Penny's relief' but that I did believe that a change in Lucas would be advisable but under no oircumstanees would I hurt Lucas, for he had performed well as CoJllllanding General of the VI Corpe from Salerno north and in the initial landing at Anzio. He had la.eked some aggressiveness after the landing, al.though allegations that he could have gone to his objective or to Rome were ridiculous, for had he done so with any force he would have been cut orf from his bridgehead. •r told Alexander t~t I would put Truscott in aa Deput7, 0 1Daniel to commam the 3rd Division, Sherman to be second in eomnand of 3rd Division a!!rl Darby to command Shermn•a Regiment, the 7th Infantry. Alexander asked what staff' l would provide Truscott with, and when he appeared to dictate this, I told hi11 that that ns a matter that I would handle. "I haw sent the following radiogram to Lucas: RN 1741. 'Orders issued this date as follows: Major General Truscott re- lieved from command of 3rd Division and assigned as Deputy Commander, VI Corps. Brigadier General O'Daniel to command 3rd Division. Colonel Darby transferred trom Ranger Force to 3rd Dinsion. All assignments to take etf'ect 17th February. I desire that Colonel Sherman be designated as Acting Assistant Division Comtllfimer and that De.rby be placed in command of Sherman's Regiment. Acknowledge.' "I told Alexander that l would not relieve Lucas in the middle of the battle ) which is currently taking pl.ace for, while a change seemed necessary, it might make matters worae to do it at the present moment while the Germns are attacking. "I urged Alexander to release the 169th Brigade of the 56th DiVision to me immediatel,-, and told him again how I disapproved of hia ~equirement that it have 7 da711' recreation before moving to the bridgehead. He t.1.nall7 gave in. •r told Ale:xamer that 1n the current situation 1n the bridgehead I was taking all Ill Air SUpport off of Frey-burg's Cassino af'f'air and diverting it to the \ \ �bridgehead in aeoordance with Lucas• request. He was displeased, but I told him that it was 1IY' f'irm desire and that as Army Commander I would indicate m7 priorities to the air. I also asked that tomorrow, the 17th, an all-out air ef'fort be made in the bridgehead, including Strat•a, Tactical and llI Air Force, aa well as the Desert Air Force. I told him I was desirous of maintaining the impetus of the attack in Cassino and 110uld attempt to put some Desert Air Force on the Cassino front this af'ternoon, which I did to Freyburg'a satisfaction. I also have arranged for Freyburg's missions to be continued tomorrow in the Cassino area by some of the Desert Air Force, the balance being added to the all• out air attack in the Anzio area. "I told Deirers, who happened to be here, of my prnpoeed changes in personnel He agreed that it waa a good idea. 1 in the Anzio area. I.. -1 •I want to record m:r definite feelings that Admiral Cunningham has been as uncooperative as possible in this SHINGLE Operation. Yesterday- Lucas asked for cruiser gmf' re support am did not get it. Today he asked again. Admiral Cun- 1 ninghu will give it onl,7 if' it comes from Lucas through his liaison of'fioer, not honoring 'lfl1' request.• In the af'ternoon General Cl.ark received a call from Brigadier General Sewez the French Arnr:, who commands the 4th r.oroccan Mcuntain Division. The first of the division personnel is coming in, but its mules, which are an essentiel part of' its equipment, will be very slow in arriving. However, General Juin proposes to put the first combat teem, with General Sewez in command, under General DeMontaa.bert as soon as it gets in. · or General Clark today received a copy of' the fb llowing cable from Admiral Morse to the British Naval Liaison Officer of' VI Corps: "Following received from Nava.l Officer in charge Anzio begina: 'Shelling or town and port has increased. More than one gun ta.king i:art and firing more accurately-.' Request you will bring this to personal notice of G.o.c., VI Corps. Should shelling of port continue the maintenance of Army will decrease, am that the only remedy ia action by our own forces to silence these guns and thus prevent your vital line of' snppl.,- being jeopardized." General Clark cabled General Lucas as follows: RN 1740. "If you will eub111it target requests thru your Naval Commander 1ilich justify second cruiser, Ad• 1tiral Cunningham states it will be sent. Advise action taken." Personal to Lucas from Clark. RN 1738. •weather permitting an extremel.,heavy all-out air program will be executed on Anzio front tomorrow. Let me lmow earliest possible time the natur8 of request you made for naval gunfire support for today. CINC MED of'f'ice here sa)'S that no request tor cruiser was received from Naftl Task Force Col!Dll&.nder in Anzi.o area. Possible that Commander estimated that he could provide necessary support using destroyers only. I shall follow up this failure as soon aa further information is received from you. One cruiser surely will be aftilable tomorrow. Am endeavoring to arrange for second one." * * l * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 17, 1944•-This morning at 0930 General Devers arrived by cub plane which General Clark had sent to Mareianise for him. Gemral Devers conferred �all morning with General Cl.ark and sta,ed to lunch, together with Generals Keyes and Crane. General Clark's notes on the conference with General Devera follow: "Had a long talk with General Devers this morning. Items were as f'ollowsz UJ..IEF OF LUCAS "He feels as Alexander does - that General Lucas should be relieved. His estimte of Luca.a ia that he is extremely tired, mentally and physic&lly, and should be taken out. I told him that I bad already initiated steps in that direction. I will assign Lucas as lff1' Deputy, but Devers will attempt to have him returned to the United States without in any wa-r hurting him. l INTERFERENCE FROM ACMF "Told Devers of the increasing interference I was receiving from ACMF in operational and logistical mtters pertaining to Firth Army affairs but that I could handle it. m.§CU§SIQN OF A ~ "H• indicated that, whereas no decision had been arrived at on ANVIL, it looked aa though it would not amount to much a.?Xl feels that I should remain with the Firth Arrq, whioh, of aourse, suits me. I told him that was a matter tor det9l"lllination by the 1t'f: Department. I had no other desire than to command the Firth Army in bsttle and to the successful 00ncl.usion of this war. "I explained to hint the difficulties in this allied command or having Bri• tish subordimte commanders do exactly what I desire. I told him in man)" cases it was almost impossible to handle them like Ameriaan oomma?Xlers where orders were giV9tl and compliance demanded. ACW TAKING OVER MANAGEMENT OF ANZIO BRIDGEHEAD "He indicated to me that there was a feeling that ACMF might take over the management of the beachhead. He did not feel that it should be done and asked for my opinion. I told him that was a matter for higher headquarters to determine, but later, after I had thought over the matter, I told him that from the administrative point of view it would be most difficult for Alexander to handle the American units in that area. I think it is the desire of Alexander to disassociate Fifth Army from those troops in the Rome area. It might be a good solution to do it that way, for I feel that Alexander is not using all the means available - namely the Eighth ArJey'. Either a solution of Eighth Army taking over this front and Fifth Army the bridgehead, or ACMF taking over the bridgehead might be a ePod solution. I can state that it certainly is a tremen• dous burden which I am carrying with five corps, one of which is isolated by sea some 100 miles away. I :feel that we can do it, end hope to keep it up, but if' a ' change is ma.de I have no objection. "De,rers assured me of his desire to assist in all ways he could. He seems to understand the difficult position which we rl?Xl om-selves in with the entire Mediterranean now in British bands. I explained to him my difficulties with the New Zealand Corps. I also told him that, although the replacement situation was �getting better, it was still far t.rom satisfactory• that I have the 34th Division with approximately 4,000 replacements required which S1ould go to them today, and I won 1t be able to get any to them for probably a week, resulting in a week's delay in the return or that unit to oombat. "I urged Devers to get the Fifth Army 111 th all American units in it, with none other except perhaps French, and that when the French can bring in enough to form an Arra:,, there should be three armies - The British Eighth with all British Units, a French Army and the Fifth All American and that with those three armies, forgetting ANVIL, with the 85th and 91st Divisions added, we could drive up to northern Italy. He agrees with me heartily', but let• a see what ean be done." In the afternoon General Cl.ark received a call from Colonel Eddy who is the officer in charge of development at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Colonel Eddy is making a tour of the battlefront to exhibit to American officers new items of equipment which have been developed. He put on a demonstration of various weapons this morning and a motion picture for selected officers this afternoon, showing the technique of emplo,ment of the new developments. During the tomorrow. L•5 cub planes, making the trip head evening General Clark determined to make a trip to the beach• For this trip he set up his PT Boa.ts, his C•47 and his two new in order that he might select the most appropriate means for in the morning. * * * PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 18, 1944-•By 0530 General Clark was examining the latest dispatches from the beachhead. He determined to make the trip by cub and left the cub strip piloted by Major Walker, with a stand-by plane following him, at 0830. He arrived at the beachhead approximately an hour later, landing on the Nettuno airfield. The airfield was un:ler shellfire, but no shells hit on the strip as the General was coming in, and he landed safely. General Cl.ark's notes on the trip follow: "The situation was tense in the bridgehead, so I flew by cub to that area. I was escorted by two Spitfires up and four be.ck. It was about the only way to get in there fast, for the airfield was under heavy shellfire, and I had to go in some plane in which I could come down on a road if the field was being shelled or damaged at any time. The trip was uneventful. Went immediately to ~ Lucas, where I soon met Harmon, Eagles, Truscott, Eveleigh, Baehr, Keiser and Lewis. The situation was confused. Lucas is tired - very tired - but I did not take him out because it was in the middle or a be.ttle and although Truscott had reported the night before he was not sufficiently into the western sector picture to take over. It would have been a great mistake, in my opinion, to have me.de the change in the middle or this p1,rticular fight. "The situation was confused. The 179th Infantry had not performed well - \ Eagles admitted it. I suggested that he relieve Kammerer and that I would put Colonel Darby in oomnand. This was done. In the western sector a heavy German attack had carried the line to the final bridgehead position, where the British were apparently in good shape, but the 179th was disorg8nized. The 180th Infantry stuck out like a sore thumb to the east. The leading battalion of the 157th �on the west was out of contact with the rest or the regiment and was short or food and ammunition. Efforts of the 3rd Battalion, 157th, to join it had been f'utile. I was afraid that it had been cut off. One battalion or the 6th Armored Infantry had been committed at the underpass to ease the situation. l "At the conterenoe, Lucas and Truscott wanted to mke a counterattack and decided that Harmon shot1ld counterattack that afternoon. I felt that a proper counterattack could not be coordinated in that short time. It was then about 1030. I suggested that they hold the shoulders on either side or the penetration readjusting in the 180th sector; that all commanders go forward to their front line units and take hold of the situation and make it plain that they hold to the last man on the final bridgehead position; that Harmon's 6th In• rantry, less one battalion already committed ( that made only two weak batta• lions or his - 550 men in each) reinforced bya battalion or the .30th Infantry in reserve and supported by tanks, attack from the general area 9128 to the northwest with the tanks along the road and the infantry veering more to the west, and that plans be mde for the .3rd British Brigade and 169th Brigade to make similar counterattacks from the underpass area to the northeast, should this become necessary. This plan was adopted. Lucas issued the instructions., and the commanders lef't. "I discussed with Lucas the possibility of a parachute drop in his rear area and that careful planning should be made to break up any nuisance raid like this without alarming any of the bridgehead personnel. "I checked carefully on the organization of their final bridgehead position and am of the opinion that it was not thoroughly followed up by Lucas or his staff. I may be wrong on this point. "I discussed with Keiser the necessity of organizing other units, anti• aircraft and what not, for possible reserves in an emergency - this they had thought or. "I went with Truscott to the 45th Division commnd post where I saw Paul Pascal, second in command of the division. He con.firmed the situation on the front of the 45th Division and had already taken steps to readjust the front of the 180th Infantry to conform to the withdrawal or the 179th. "I then went to Harmon's command post, where he was calling a conference of his commanders to prepare the plans for a counterattack in the morning. Harmon told me that two companies of his tanks had operated on the road running northwest from 9128 earlier in the day and if it had not been for his tanks there might have been a minor crisis in that area, for a battalion of the 179th had withdrawn precipitously to the rear when confronted by superior German forces. He told me his tankers had killed about 125 Boche. All during the af• / ternoon, f'rom latest reports, his tanks operated successfully in that area. I then returned to Lucas command post. "I did not go to see Templar because Lucas and Eveleigh and at such a tense period I felt it unwise to inject myself post at the same time. I again discussed the situation with and told Truscott or m:, plan to put him in command of the VI Lucas into my Army as Deputy until something else developed. were visiting him, into his command Lucas and Truscott Corps and to bring I told Truscott �that I would take out Keiser and Hill at the same time, and he could take Carleton as his Chief of Staff and his 3rd Division Deputy as his G-3. He asked for Campbell as his Artillery Officer, and I denied him that reqmst temporarily. I returned by plane to T'ltY command post in the afternoon. That's quittl a lone• some trip in a cub, but it is a quick way of getting up and be.ck. "At night I discussed plans with General Freyburg. He oould not continue ~ his Indian Division attack on the monastery until the night of the 20th. I urged him to speedier action, knowing it would be to no avail. You can •t hurry these Britishers." The General returned to his command post at 1515 and innnediately summoned General Gruenther, and after discussing the tactieal situation at the bridgehead and on the Cassino front, he called in General Saville and General Brann and went over the situation with them. The attack of the Germans against the beachhead is in considerable force and is potentially very dangerous. General Clark today dispatched the following cable to Admiral Morse. RN 3590. "Fully appreciate present difficulties of port of Anzio 110rking under enemy shelling. We are doing all we can now by counter battery and air attack to deal with enemy batteries and intend to resume offensive and enlarge bridgehead at earliest practicable moment. I am deeply grateful to the British and American personnel who are performing difficult tasks efficiently and cheerfully. I am especially appreciative of the work of the port parties under the leadership of Captain Turner." Later in the day the following reply was received from Admiral Morse. RN' 1175. "Message is tremendously appreciated, most grateful. It is being passed to all concerned. Good luck."' * * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 19, 1944--General Clark remained at the command post throughout the day where he held a number of conferences. General Clark's notes concerning the activities and conferences of to dny are as f ollolvs: "I received the following letter from ACJF: IDST SECRET STJBJEC'l': Regi:ouping. TO Fifth Army. : H.g. -1, A. ••C. M,F. 1. Now that N.Z. Corps has been comrni t ted 1.t is essentiitl to carry out further regrouping to provide a fresh reserve with which to continue the battle. 2. The main factors in the solution of this problem appear to be:- �96 (a) 88 U.S. Div. is the only formation not yet committed. It has, it is understood, one R.C.T. fully equipped now and the rest of the Division should be complete between now and the end of February. It has had no previous battle experience and should therefore be put into a reasonably quiet part of the front to start with. (b) 34 and 36 U.S. Divs. have had a period of very heavy fighting and require first a period to reorganise and then a per1.od in a quiet pa.rt of the front. (c) 46 British Div, will very shortly be i.n the process of being relieved by 4 British Division, which must also be given a period in a reasonabl.7 quiet sector before being committed to offensive operations. (d) 10 Corps Fro~~ will for physical reasons remain the most quiet sector for some time to come, and offensive operations there can be confined to brigade attacks with limited objectives without detriment to the general plan. (e) No more troops can be withdrawn from Eighth Army front. (f) 5 Br, Div, hes not had a very arduous time since the fighting around rAINTURNO died down, and, after a short period out of the line, should be fit for offensive operations. 3. After full consideration of the factors set out in para 2 above, the C in C suggests the following as perhaps the most satisfactory way of creating a new reserve:(a) General Intention, (1) 88 u,s, Div. to begin to relieve 5 British Div at once. Reli.ef to continue as fast as the components of 88 Div can be equipped. (ii) 5 Br. Div. to come into A.C.M.F. reserve on relief. (iii)34 U.S. Div. to relieve 46 British Div as soon as the former can be got fit to take its place again in the line. (iv) H.Q. 2 U.S. Corns to relieve H.Q. 10 Corps, command to pass with relief of 46 British Div by 34 U.S. Div. (v) 36 u,s, Div, to be withdrawn into Fifth Army reserve as soon as its extraction from the line can be effected as a result of the converging advance of N.Z. and French Corps. 4. The C in C wishes to discuss the above proposals with Commander Fifth Ar1If1 as soon as General CLARK returns from the bridgehead and has had time to study the problem. Please report by telephone when General CLARK is in a posi• tion to discuss the matter. Meantime the C in C suggests that plans be prepared to put regrouping proposals into effect in the shortest possible space of time once a definite decision has been reached. It is vital to the maintenance of the momentum of the battle that any relief to be effected should be completed �91 without loss of time so that the troops required for further offensive operations get the maximum time for reorganization out of the_ line. /s/ A. F. HARDING Lt. Gen., C.G.S. PWM/gb ~9 Januy, 1944 (Changed by yhone call from 18 February, 1944 ACMF /s/ Wood) INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION: M.A. P.A. P.A. Gen. to C-in-c to C.G.S. to D.C.G.s. ROBERTSON B.G.s. (G(Ops) "It really shocked me. There is nothing in it that I agree with. It is indicative or ACMF's willingness to delay this operation indefinitely. In compliance with its le.st pers.graph, I called General Lemnitzer and told him I was ready to discuss it at any time - the sooner the better - and requested that General Alexander, who was visiting Freyburg this morning, to drop by this afternoon. I later received word that he would come to see me tomorrow morning. "I am convinced that we must do something now. I have been so hamstrung and jockeyed by higher headquarters that the Firth Arrrr:, has lost a great deal of ) its power to control its own tactical operations, but I will insist, as long as / I am Comnander, on presenting my views and demanding their execution as far as possible. "I intend to recommend that the French attack toward Atina, the II Corps, leading with the 88th Division, making a holding attack in the direction TerelleRoccaaecca, with the Indians attacking from the Monastery towards Piedmonte, with the New Zealand Division and the 78th Division attacking abreast across the Rapido up the Liri Valley and with 10 Corps attacking from the Minturno area after re• grouping in the direction of S. Giorgia. This will meet opposition by Alexander, but I am convinced if we are to get going it must be done this way. It is abso• lutely impossible to mass for an attack doffll the Liri Valley without first se• curing the commanding elevation on one fiank or the other, particularly in view of the heavily defended defenses prepared after months of German occupation in that area. "I called Keyes and Sloan, Commanding General of the 88th Division, for a conference, and they agreed, as do my G-J and Chief of Staff. "I conferred with Air Marshal Slessor and Major General Joe Cannon, of the TAF today, urging all-out air support of the battlefield in the bridgehead. I &eked these air experts if they could make it possible, through air power in direct support or my Army, to go down the Liri Valley without securing the elevation on at least one side. They agreed that they could not. "Gener&l Wilson called on me this morning, and I had a very frank conversation with him. He is always considerate, and I feel wants to be helpful. I �explained the situation in detail in the bridgehead and told him that he, the Navy, the Air and the Ground had a. commitment there which they must appreciate ) and support. I told him the Navy had not given me support and had acted in many high-handed ways, particularly in trying to cut my tonnage when I must have a certain tonnage there to support the necessary troops to hold the bridgehead and to build up some small reserve. As an example of interference, an I.ST loaded with equipment for the 169 Brigade, which I had rushed into the bridge• head, was in the port of Ando last night when a mine scare was raised by the Navy. The naval officer promptly closed the port and sent this I.ST with its valuable cargo· out to sea. I told General Wilson that I needed the 85th Divi• sion. He said he would send it early in March. I told him that this theater was being criticized for not massing our means. I asked him where my means were with which to mass. I explained my entire plan of maneuver in this area - the Liri Valley attack versus the Mount Cairo attack, coupled with a Liri Valley effort. He agrees that it is necessary to secure the high ground before sticking one's head into the Liri Valley trap. I told him of General Alexander's propo• sal as contained in the re-grouping letter referred to above. I rather felt, although he did not say so, that he did not agree with those proposals. "General Wilson asked me what I thought of General Penney's handling of the British 1st Division in the bridgehead. I told him that I was not too satisfied with it, nor were the other American Division Commanders with whom he worked. General Wilson indicated that he did not think Penney had handled his job well. I told Wilson that I had so reported to General Alexander. "Word from the bridgehead today has been increasingly cheerful. The counterattack arranged for yesterday by the Armored Division apparently has produced results. The "lost battalion" of the 157th is in contact with the rest of its regiment. Appt.rently the 179th has been relieved and is holding fast on its final bridgehead position. Harmon reports his tanks killed about 400 Germans. This is probably emggerated, but it must have been good shooting. "I told General Wilson that as long as the German kept six or seven divisions in the bridgehead area it would be futile for us to attempt to attack to gain our final objective at Colli Le.ziali, for we can not build up sufficient force in the bridgehead to overcome that much resistance; that I would lay in some extra supplies and import extra troops to regain more elbow room in the bridgehead and then dig in, relieving troop unit personnel to take over equip• ment of units going out and to build up in the Cassino area to join up with the bridgehead force. · "I have sent Colonel Bowman, my Engineer, up there to start advising on putting amnrunition dumps underground and on securing a bridgehead which can be held by defensive works by the minimum of troops." The following important messages were received and dispatched today: The Army Commander received the following cable yesterday, RN MI.479, from General Eisenhower; "Dear Wayne: In all the years I have known you I have never been prouder of you than during the past strenuous weeks. Despite every diffi• culty you are obviously doing a grand job of leadership with your chin up. I read the fine message ;rou recently" sent to your troops. Together with men like Al and Truscott you are writing history that Americans will always read with pride. Signed Ikett. l �General Clark today replied to General Eisenhower as follows, RN 3257: ttNothing in the world could have given me more encouragement than your message received during the last hectic night. I had just conferred with all comman• ders and visited units in bridgehead. British and American troops are fighting as usual with their chins up. I believe the Boche has shot his wad today, ) although I may be wrong. We are holding today and inflicting heavy casualties upon him. Air and Navy supporting us admirably. Thanks a million for your thoughtfulness. Al sends regards." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 538. "Last night have closed port Anzio because of mines. I immediately contacted Captain Turner and notified him equipment of 169 Brigade on 3 ISTS's was vital tor today's operation. LST's mean• while had put to sea, and Turner reports despite all attempts to this hour he has been unable to reach LST's to bring them into port. If certain equipment does not reach 169 by 0900 hours this brigade may be unable to counterattack today." From AFHQ to CG, Fifth Arm:y. R1f R/35-3919. ttpart 1: Following under• water explosion l LST sank off Ponxa Island on 16 February. Part 2: Cruiser ,,,...Penelope sunk in same area morning- 18 February probably by U-boat. Hunt in progress. Penelope was returning from giving fire support with Dilo in Ageio area morning 17 February. Part 3: Destroyers pa.trolled in Vis channel off Menders Point and off the Albanian coast during night 16/17 February, but nothing was sighted. Part 4: PT boats intercepted the enemy destroyers or · minelayers off Capraia during night 17/18 February and delivered torpedo attack results unobserved. Part 5: m&S/M on patrol off' French Riviera attacked escorted M/V on 8 February 1 escort vessel believed sunk. 60 ton schooner also sunk by gunfire on 15 February." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 539. "In your 3629, anti-personnel mines have been installed on final beachhead position and also on positions forward thereof held by our forces. Final beachhead position organized by continuous line of coordinated strong points with dug in positions protected by weapons, mines and wire except on right flank where Canale Mussolini is defended as continuous obstacle covered by weapons and by mines and wire at likely avenues or approach. Work continuing on this line and reserve line shown on overlay Field Order 22 this headquarters, 17 February. See mine data on overlay "Location of minefields 162400 Februs.rY" file Engineer, Fifth Army. Right flank canal mine installations not recorded at time above overlay published." Personal Clark from Lucas. RN 542. "Absolutely essential all-out air effort today. Have identified elements of at least five German divisions in salient. All roads into salient must be constantly bombed to prevent further reinforcement. In addition, enemy artillery must be constantly attacked. I believe heavy bombers must assist mediums and fighter bombers. Have made request for this support thru air officer." Personal Lucas to Clark. R?f 543. "Request you have sipply agencies give priority on shipping to 155mm gun and 81mm mortar (light) ammunition. If you can find some extra ammunition for 155 Howitzer M•l would certainly appreciate it." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 544. "Situation as to progress or oounter• attack still indefinite. However it appears to have lessened pressure on beach- �head line. Will advise you when aco~ate information available." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN .3246. "7,000 rounds 81 mortar and 10,000 rounds 155 gun anmunition being shipped today. Have asked Newton to explain to 0 1:Yeill ammunition status which is improving. At any time that you feel your operations are being hampered by ammunition siortages be sure to let me know." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 548. "Harmon's f'oroe making progress slowly having advanced about 2t kilometers on arc from point 90328.3. Several hundred prisoners taken. Our artillery, air and weapons fire has reduced enemy fight• ing strength considerably according to PW reports. Situation on 56 Division front remains generally satisfactory but some enemy infiltration has made con• tact with some companies obscure. Would like inf'ormation on Cassino front operations if' available." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN 3254. "Am pleased that counterattack has eased your situation. Apparently 45th position has stabilized. What is status and position of 169 and 3rd Brigades? Hope air eff'ort has helped. Feel you have done exceedingly well in today's fighting. Still struggling at Cassino where severe fighting oontinues." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 551. "Essential that 54,580 rounds 105mm Howitzer &mmUnition originally scheduled f'or coaster but deducted from Liberty David Terry cargo arrive without delay and preferably by truck so that unload• ing may be assured regardless or weather. It is likewise essential that allocation and shipment this type ammunition be materially increased for period February 22 to March 3 due to heavy expenditures of past 48 hours and expectation that similar expenditures will be necessary in the near future because or tactical situation with which you are familiar." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 452. "Counterattack by Harmon force highly successful. Pressure on beachhead line relieved. Estimated large number enemy casualties and at least 250 PW 1 s taken. Majority expressed f'ear our artillery fire and bombing. Will outpost line 887282 - 898295 • 903300 - 902.312 tonight and withdraw bilk of H force vicinity 915280 prepared to counterattack tomorrow to northwest or north as sitmtion warrants. 169 Brigade being moved vicinity 8430 prepared to counterattack to northeast tomorrow. Situation at present more favorable but all out air effort will be essential to check and break enemy renewed attacks expected." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 553. "Due to S1ortage or infantry in beachhead and looking to accomplishment your fut~e offensive plans, I strongly recommend despite arrival of 18 Brigade, 24 Guards Brigade remain in this sector. The Guards, although depleted, are still a splendid fighting unit of great value in emergency. Suggest replacements forwarded here where brigade could be refitted and utilized in an offensive." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 561. "Situation at present generally quiet and stabilized along front. Small air raid on port, no damage reported. Enemy artillery on both forward and rear troop areas increased during late afternoon. Advance of one ,oompany of Harmon's tanks north of underpass on Albano road caused approximately 150 prisoners. Small company attacks with some tanks one �95 let't flank of 3 Division, all repulsed. Air effort today accomplished superb \ results that cannot be simply expressed. Please inform all air personnel of the troops appreciation. 3rd Brigade remains corps reserve. 169 Brigade baa all troops and equipment ashore. Prepares to relieve two battalions 157 and second battalion 6th Infantry west of Albano-Anzio road tomorrow night, prepared to counterattack to northeast. Appreciate your news from Cassino front. Express our regards to troops there." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN 3276. "Thoroughly agree with your 553. Will do all in my power to comply with your wishes. Am expediting arrival of lB Brigade all possible." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN 3278. "Reference your 452, congratulate Harmon on his success today. Again I want to tell you that your accomplishments today have been outstanding. Keep it up. I think your proposed dis• positions of Harmon and 169 Brigade for possible counterattack roles tomorrow are exactly correct. We have laid on an all-out air program for tomorrow, the success of which is dependent on good weather. We are praying for that." Personal Lucas from Clark. RN 3279. 11 105 ammunition referred to in your 551 will be shipped by truck beginning 22 Febru.a:ry. Ship with 95,000 rounds due Naples tomo1Tow and will be moved to Anzio immediately. Will do everything possible to insure that you do not run short of ammunition." * * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 20 1 1944--General Clark's notes of today's activities are as follows: "Called a conference at 0900 with General Juin, GenerAl Roosevelt and General Carpentier this morning in order to discuss the French Expeditionary Corps capabilities in the Fifth Army attack from the Cassino front. They are most anxious to go to Atina. I had always known this but knew that it was a divergent attack which may or may not contribute to the main effort. I also knew that General Alexander was opposed to their attacking in that direction. Juin indicated that he did not have the capability in his weakened condition to attack to the west from Terelle on Roccasecca. I find so many details had not been worked out by my staff I broke up the meeting, deciding I would see Juin later in the day. Met with General Alexander at 1030 with Harding and with Gruenther. Took up his proposal for regrouping and told him I was opposed to it. Whereas I had anticipated a stormy session, it worked out alright. I pointed out why the Americans should not take over from 10 Corps, mainly for logistical reasons. General Alexander had not thought out his plan very well. When I asked who would take over the Campoleone area, he did not know. He astounded me by being worried about an attack on the Eighth Army front by the Germans, positively beyond their capability. He further astounded me by indicating that if the bridgehead should be lost, Kesselring would bring all his divisions down here, and we could not hold them. There is no question in my mind that we could hold them under those conditions after a little regrouping. However, the bridgehead probably will not be lost. · It was finally decided that the French will hold in their present posi- �tion and take over Castellone; that the New Zealand Corps with the New Zea• land Division, 4th Indian and 78th will take out the Abbey Cassino obstacle and cross the Rapido into the Liri Valley; 10 Corps to regroup for pressure from Y~nturno on San Giorgio and an attack as San Giorgio is threatened by the 78th Division; II Corps will be withdrawn into Army reserve, consisting of the 34th, 36th and 88th Divisions. I will direct an intensive training and rehabilitating program for the two tired divisions." General Clark invited a number of staff officers and guests to come up to his hut in the evening, have something to eat and see a movie. The party numbered 2.3 in all, including General Bronn, General Tate, Colonel Saltzman, Lt. Col. Porter and others. The following important messages were received and dispatched today: Personal Clark to Lucas. RN .3654. "When the impetus of enemy's attack has slowed down, you should promptly retake some of the terrain lost on the 45th Division front. The extent to which you are able to do this is for your determination but can more easily be accomplished the minute his attack bas spent itself. Please advise me of your intentions. Another attack scheduled for tonight in direction of Cassino Monastery." Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 567. "Enemy relatively inactive during night except for aggressive pitrolling on front of 56 Division and light harrassing artillery fire in other sectors. At 0500 hours today enemy force not exceeding two companies supported by artillery fire attacked 1st Division. Attack repulsed. Greatly appreciate your understanding attitude toward our problems." Personal Sawbridge to Clark. RN 54011. for duty with a division in UK which has not matter bas not yet been presented to General you concur in release of Roosevelt. We have replace him." "Bradley wants General Roosevelt had battle experience. This Devers but in case he agrees will a Colonel Landis available to Personal Lucas to Clark. RN 569. "Situation quiet. Enemy artillery ac• tive on front of 1st and 45th Divisions, heaviest being on 2nd Battalion, 157th Infantry (85.30). Work our Air Corps continues splendid but in several instances p:i.lots apparently carelessly briefed have bombed our ground troops. Instances reported through air liaison. Damage not yet evaluated. Prisoners of war taken yesterday total 500." Personal Clark to Lucas. RN .3672. "All possible steps must be taken to further strengthen and coordinate the defenses on your final beachhead position, reinforcing with mines and wire. Has your sitmtion permitted your pushing out on the front or the 45th Division as suggested in my .3654? Believe one important factor contributing to the success of your stopping his penetration was that you held the shoulders. These must be strengthened against another attack. Regret exceedingly bombing of our own troops. You can rest assured I Mve made strong representations to air." Personal Lucas to Clerk. RN 584. "Every possible step has and is being taken to strengthen beachhead position. Reference your 3654 and 3672, situ.a- �tion today prevented our oughly agree this should be made to do so. Enemy in 1st and 45th Division pushing out in front lat and 45th Divisions. Thorbe done as soon as possible and every effort will artillery is now aetive age.inst front line elements sectors." Personal Clark to Sawbridge. RN 3687. "General Devers has been advised that Roosevelt is available. Landis is not desired as replacement. Shall submit name of recommended replacement for Roosevelt shortly." * * PRESENZANO--FEBRUARY 21, 1944•-General Clark spent the day at his command post engaged in administrative work and conferences. In the morning he received a call from three British military commentators: Lt. Gen. Martin, Ret., of the Daily Telegram; Mr. Brandon, of the Sunday Times; and Mr. Woodham, of the Kemsley Press which publishes the Daily Sketch. In the afternoon the Chief of Staff held a staff conference in the hut to explain the latest developments to representatives of ea.ch staff section. At the close of this meeting General Clark came in and made a short talk. The General said that he had not had as much chance to meet some of the staff offi• cers in the rear echelon as he would have liked during recent weeks, due to the pressure of operations which kept him at the front most or the time, but that he was conscious of and grateful for the fine work that they were conti• nuously doing. Today orders were received for General Roosevelt to leave Headquarters Fifth Army and report to Headquarters U.S. Forces in United Kingdom where his services had been requested by General Bradley. General Roosevelt had shortly before been cited for the Legion of Merit, and on his la.st visit to the Headquarters General Clark pinned the ribbon on General Roosevelt's tunic. General Clark's notes of today's activities are as follows: "Visited General Sp=idger I s Headquarters this morni.ng and discussed with , him and his Chief of Staff plans for future operations to take Cassino. He has weakened from day to day in his ability to take the monastery. We now propose to bomb the City of Cassino heavily a.nd then to attack it with fresh New Zealand troops. If successful, this will be followed by a push directly across the Rapido River in the direction of the railroad station. I urged that he expedite in every way possible this attack. He hopes to get it off on the 24th, but of course it may be delayed. 1 "I discussed with Freyburg, and directed my G-3 to prepare, the necessary alternate plans in the event this attack on Cassino failed. "Visited II Corps Headquarters and told General Keyes to plan for a withdranl of his Corps into Army reserve prepared to follow up the New Zealand Corps attack when it gets started in the Liri Valley." In the evening General Clark had as his guests ror dinner, Brigadier General Gar Davidson and Colonel Maddox of Force 163. General Clark today received the following letter from General Juin with �98 regard to :future missions of the CEF: "I have received notice of the new purely defensive mission assj_gned to the French Corps. "You wjll not overlook that this mission, undoubtedly imposed by serious necessity, is going to have the effect of prolonging the immobilization of my divisions - principally the 3rd DIA in very exposed positions, the occupation of which, to tep. you the truth, can be justified only by offensive intentions. "I do hope then that it is only a question of a momentary holdup to faci• litate the regrouping and putting in position of new forces, and that the offensive conception of the army maneuver will be taken up again as soon as possible. "Yesterday I had the pleasure of subnitting to you my point-of-view concerning the action of the C.E.F. in this maneuver. I feel that I have to consider again that it seems to me more and more impossible, with the new extension of my front, to continue alone in the direction of TERELLE-ROCCASECCA; "I should be required, in effect, to push out from a very pronounced salient at the extremity of my front and in prolongation thereof because they are dominated on all sides by the new position of the "Adolf Hitler" line, today well organized and strongly held by the enemy. "My" action cannot be started mtlesa it would be possible to oover it from the north by simultaneous operations, and the multiplicity of tasks which take up the means left at my disposal leave little to devote to the action of breaking through in the direction of ROCCASECCA. The intervention of the C.E.F. on this flank will be without force and without effect and the army maneuver might be impaired. "Not enough importance is attached, in my humble opinion, to the role played in the ATINA region by the defensive maneuver of the enemy. "This region is a vast hollow from the rear of which roads lead to ROME which are not at all menaced by the attacks of the Fifth Army. "From ATINA, the focal point, lead out communications which permit easy supply to all the enemy front from META to ROCCASECCA. The concentration of artillery which the enemy has emplaced in this region fires just as well on ROCCASECCA as in the plain of CASSINO - S. ELIA and on the COLLI road. "Thus the region of ATINA will provide a constant menace to the flank of the army. In neglecting it one definitely limits the success of the army maneuver and would always have to cover this flank under adverse conditions. "Therefore it is necessary to take ATINA and the C.E.F. alone is in the position to do it. 11 I also feel that there is some misconception on this immediate sction of the C.E.F. towards ATINA. There is some feeling that it is a movement which is divergent rather than convergent with respect to the principal effort that has been chosen. �"This action in itself can, in effect, appear to be divergent but the net result of the effort is what counts. My precise intentions thereby in directing my effort toward ATINA would be to shorten my front by anchoring it facing west (the north flank anchored to the high ground of META and consequently more easily defended) for a subsequent action truly converging in the direction of ARCE-FR0SINONE region. "This region being the true objective envisioned by the army maneuver, it is my belief that this is the converging point of all the army efforts and not R0CCASECCA, which is only a secondary converging point. "I restate my recommendations of yesterday, that is: 1. That it would be advisable first, while waiting, to permit me to execute the ATINA maneuver which will necessarily bring about, as you will have seen, a relief of pressure on my western defensive front. 2. If this is impossible at present, to give to another division when offensive action is retaken, the mission to advance in the direction of TERELLE-R0CCASECCA, my role being limited to covering this action from the north by simultaneous attack. It must be understood that I cannot, in spite of the best intentions on my part, assume all tasks on a front abnormally extended (almost half of the entire army front). "I am sending you my purely personal thoughts which may be of some value in subsequent decisions." General Clark received the following cable from General Lucas: RN 586. "Enemy artillery active during night on fronts of 3rd, 45th and 56th Divisions, particularly in the sector 179th Infantry. Up to this hour no attacks by German infantry. Considerable activity oonsisting of gunfire and flares at sea off peter beaches about 0120 hours. Navy reports small engagement with several E boats driving them off." Personal to Lucas from Cla.rk. RN 3299. "Do not return 24 Guards Brigade until specific orders are received from me. I am doing everything possible to arrange to have Brigade remain in bridgehead. I am reasonably certain it will remain at least temporarily. Replacement problem for this brigade still unsolved." * * * PRESENZAN0••FEBRUARY 22, 1944•uGeneral Clark left his command post at 0815 and, in company with General Saville of the XII Air Support Command, rode in his L-5 to Capodichino airport at Naples. The General's two pla.nes landed at 0850, making the flight from Presenzano in 20 minutes. Generals Clark and Saville got into General Clark's Packard and drove to Pier Bin Naples harbor where the two PT Boats, the #216 and #217, were waiting to leave for Anzio. The Anzio group was composed of 22 officers and men, including Generals Clark, Saville, Hawkins, Hays, Craigie, Martin and Moran. The trip up to Anzio was almost without incident. General Clark's boat swung shoreward in the Gulf of Gaeta so that a suspicious looking craft could be investigated. It was found to contain four Italians. While the F1' 1 s machine guns were trained on the Italian �lOO boat, the men were forced to pull back the tarpaulin covering _their cargo, which turned out to be nothing but sacks of lima beans. Just as .the two PT Boats were about to enter Anzio, "Moaning Mamie", believed to be a 170mm railroad gun, began to pitch shells into the harbor of Anzio. The PT Boats waited until the firing had ceased and then sped into the docks where the party and its equipment were loaded into vehicles. General Clark, accompanied by Generals Hays and Saville, went imme• diately to VI Corps Headquarters where General Clark conferred with Generals Lucas and Truscott. The remainder of the party went to the Fifth Army Advance Command Post, now located in a castle overlooking Anzio harbor, finding that the situation in the Anzio bridgehead was relatively good and that a German concentrntion, apparently aimed at a new offensive, had been broken up yesterday evening by artillery fire. The General then went to the 3rd Division command post where he talked with Brigadier General John W. 0 1Daniel, newly designated commander of the 3rd Division. From there General Clark went to the 45th Division, where he conferred with General Eagles. Following this conference the Army Commander departed for the command post of the 1st Armored Division where he discussed the situation with General Harmon. He then decided to go to the command post of the 179th. When General Clark neared the command post, a German tank some distance away laid four shells along the road down which General Clark and his party was driving. One of the shells was within 50 yards of the jeep. After talking to officers at the regimental command post and finding they felt quite confident of their ability to halt any further German attacks, General Clark / then drove to the Headquarters of the 56th British Division, where he conferred with General Templar. He found that the 2/6 Queens had replaced the 179th Infantry Regiment in the "hot corner" south of the 11 factory" and that within 24 hours the 2/7 Queens would go in to assist and ultimately relieve the 2/6 Queens. General Clark then went to the Fifth Army Advance Command Post, arriving there at 1620. After looking over cables that had come in, including a cable from General Gruenther saying that it was relatively quiet on the Cassino front, General Clark conferred a..t some length with General Truscott. Next he had conferences with various officers at the Advance Command Fost, concerning the particular problems they faced. Last night the Germans staged one of their heaviest air raids against Anzio. One bomb struck an armnunition dump and destroyed a considerable a.mount of 105 ammunition. General Clark instructed G-4 to get all ammunition pits below the surface of the ground as soon as possible. General Clark ate at the regular officers' mess, having as his dinner guests Generals Seville, Hays, Craigie and Hawkins. Following dinner, he had a conference with General Lucas, discussing with him the general plan for General Lucas' new assignment as Deputy Commander of the Fifth Army. General Aaron Bradshaw, Commanding the 34th AAA Brigade, which is charged with anti-aircraft protection for the beachhead, was the next visitor. He told General Clark that he was particularly in need of some special radar equipment to counteract the dropping by Germans of "window" which throws the �lO l normal radar machines out of adjustment and brings a number of anti-aircraft protection difficulties. General Clark immediately sent a cable to General Gruenther telling M_m to get this equipment on the next boat to Ando. The Army Commander then conferred with Lt. Col. Wells, G-2 at the Ad• vance Command Post, and later General Moran, before going to bed. General Clark dispatched the following cables to General Gruenther who had remained back at Fifth Army Main Headquarters: RN 9796. "Situation relatively quiet with sporadic artillery fire, mainly in forward areas. Second battalion, 157th, being relieved tonight by British. When completed will give 157th Infantry, less one battalion, as additional reserve. One battalion, 30th Infantry, being committed to strengthen position in vicinity of 9431. Will leave Anzio harbor exactly 1100 hours tomorrow. Saville requests you arrange air cover. Have two cubs at Capodichino 1500 hours. Have Packard and other transportation at dock at 1430 hours. Clear return PT trip with Navy. Don't let Spadger browbeat you. Acknowledge." RN 9798. "Eagles hopes there may be a vacancy in OPDWD for Churchill. Can we take him off his hands? Acknowledge.'' RN 9799. "Bringing Johnny back with me in the morning with two aides. Issue orders by direction of the President in Truscott•s case. They should confirm my verbal orders I have issued tonight. Send on my PT Boats on 24th Brig. Gen. Fred Butler, to be Truscott•s Deputy. Also send Colonel Shepard at same time if he is not sick. Request NATOUSA to send Brig. Gen. Ramey to me immediately by air. I intend to make him VI Corps Anti-Tank Officer. Have extra car at dock for Lucas. May send him direct to Sorrento for rest. Issue orders announcing Lucas as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Acknowledge.n RN 9800. "Bradshaw has urgent need for three SCR 1 s 584. Robinson familiar with this requirement. They must be shipped by LST tomorrow." General Gruenther dispatched the following cable to General Clark re the situation at the Cassino front: RN 3712. "Bombing attack on Cassino scheduled to end noon 24th. Ground attack follows immediately thereafter. Weather prediction starting afternoon 24th is unfavorable and continues unfavorable for thr~e days. XII Air Support estimate thAt 7 heavy groups and 7 medium groups will be required and have submitted request for thnt number. Spadger says that this force is not enough. He feels that the maximum effort must be placed on the target and that no whittling down can be permitted. He has expressed his opinion rather vigorously and there may be a minor crisis developing. I believe I can handle the situation." Total Fifth Army battle casualties as of today are 72,982. * * * PRESENZANO-•FEBRUARY 23, 1944-•General Clark left the command post and went to VI Corps Headquarters where he again conferred with VI Corps staff officers. At 0800 he left for the 56th Evacuation Hospital. He was accompanied by two American war correspondents, Reynolds Packard of United Press and Edward Ken- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 29 - February 22, 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns United States—History, Military—20th century Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 29-February 22, 1944. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1568