1 10 45 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/58b25dbd7e9b337c61eda8dd57e20879.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=krbZbIUMUOHKscm5hRt5FHY%7EDtz2FqAKhqIFxfgH4zpMNXD26g14%7E%7ExN-oDKPt8%7EqhQ5FrCn3CeYPe-of-eD-ELCx9maJ8kVRw3lhHiskWWZsRSK0uxKrjAXyMVTJDwXK%7EdAaboBI52gXJiutSYxgM0zOidaWR1zxuvIZsf-RqOJynKBkqqjk14iZtqyXH3c0-4KyZATBJIi2zCX86TdymvF1pH8NHVmqotwc4sMq6zWfjHof0PMiHV5TPPOwmegHHvqjOfSfjWCwONrULaZWDqIZ79P-7pqtEg07eoUIJeYhg5pTZxZbhTepZmABSJif9LjfNWiTxJI7KHBEx7d6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3222ae25e191d319c91df97c695c90f2 PDF Text Text S,,i,\r/oOA~L> TiME INDICATED THIS IS A FULL "RATE TELEGRAM, CAm.l!', RICEIVEDAT GRAM OR RADIOGRAM UNLES5 OTH-ISE INDICATED BY SYMBOL IN THE: PREAMBUE OR IN THE AD0RESS OP' THE MESSAGE. SYMBOlS DESIGNATING SERVICE SELECTm ' ARE OUTI.INED IN THE COMPANY'S TARIFFS ON HAND.AT EACH OFFICE AND ON FILE Wint TELEPHONE YOUR TEl..EGRAMS REGULA,_Y AUTHORITIES. TO POSTAL Tl;:LEGRAPH 0 F SA f'>I F R!~ f' C I SC O CA, L I F F RTL E.! I S /.ASH~J = T PCO-,. !\ 8 0 A RD I f,.! G SC HO0 L OF E XCE L L E f\i T H I GH S: Hn n L · LJC'H f/J..D l fi REP L Y= E I SE ~,; HO':'1 E R ',;' AN I L , 1 . ONF1RMATIO.N Of TELEPHONUJ7JE ~GE PI • THE CITADEL ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Correspondence Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President. This online collection features his correspondence. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Mark W. Clark, June 7, 1939 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969 United States—History, Military—20th century. Correspondence Description An account of the resource Eisenhower asks Clark for assistance finding a school for his son. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-06-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1859 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/425bb205f5ac2dc2dbbfd22a4a587b95.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=OPqFJCYDsydUvLCZHKjLoGqE752qyrpDG4EUWVmE8aUSSjTJ9bUTQGqdBCaNp1Ft-ADcXsQrTkI%7E5Pd9luWroQVjc8tU9KMu2UBZ5MwTU48G6dKSrvAwVvNo0rMtLGwIe0w0xEQi7kTp6ZWvbzJMeFVMcXYk2rP5QXUYRcf3TQaXIFi3bR3ykICSVkh9AdZg3xSTHxb4XqdeBg6ZGBYZe51nE0UEplzj-H7BSwo8uFhAmZAIsYVN1ZefOIz711gHEcCHco7oIm5A7YMaeJj%7EdtKC8fvv44d5-Lexe%7EeQPrp2VKiND5jLDp6hcbH4IW9Eq9YIMZQDcu7gYK67EldZDw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 11d5dfe4d9f806c95bc95fad3cd5409d PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM nq. f/r;1 :)l Diviaion, Lo'llit' , June 9, 1939. LT COL ti D J?:I.SEffltO.'lfa:t n!F OM~ VICTOR.IA MANniA PI srut.,a ' MAJOR G,;J El.JJ.. .ash., � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Correspondence Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President. This online collection features his correspondence. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Radiogram from Maj. Gen. Sweeney to Eisenhower, June 9, 1939 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969 United States—History, Military—20th century. Correspondence Description An account of the resource Major General Sweeney responds on Clark's behalf regarding school for Eisenhower's son. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sweeney, Charles W. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives and Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-06-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1860 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/b46841bc704b850c2931905f259b8755.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=Ji6boxLA3Lp4hr1%7E5pIcDVBXLSvfPx9ZlFkYsR9MOiHqAFaYl4aFq-hxS343vl5yyCUoCW-PlaSmC4H8bFhvYazSZhW0w5lUe0b9BdXducGI6coO9PEyGZWiP9miB%7Ekd5YC4nLSIa1vrveVwFunI2IFx6aa10QDkq3QcgDIGegcAJwhW0J5GgMWlyx2MW8XRGuFBsi%7Eu0ewjWvB9oYw6GN9gfw%7E%7E2G4DcfNcFqKsDiisPfrEcP9-DpzOn7%7E5k8cKhXh%7ESO4Ae34ehE9coCC61SdZRlR5bkMFz696g7Qiiakqyf4eeAUIha1ys6iJsEAwq6Bk96TBnHFUt1MvPXcJfQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 202965c445fd9ab4ce8a75b083509f5c PDF Text Text \ ) N E OT This is volume tv:· of the W DIARY of ~ General o AR Mark v: . Cla r k . The f i r st volume , c ov ering the pe r iod June 28 to September 24 , 1942 , has been deposited in a sa f e a t the Army ~ar Col~ ege , f as hington , D. C. It is under the custody of Br igadie r Genera l Floyd Parks . Vol ume one will r emain for safeke eping with Genera l Parks or his successo r . It will be del i vered to General Clark on call. In the ev ent of Gener al Clark I s death , the book wil1. r emain unopened and in the V!a College safe unt il the conclusion r of the war . It will then be turned ov er to :i. . Ifar k W. Cl ark , Apartment 726 , Kennedy - V'!arren Jrs Apar tments , 5155 Connecticut Avenue ., NS ., W hin gton , D. C. as ) .( I ; �I\ WASHING SEPT. 25 1942-Reporting TON to the W Department after his transar ) Atlantic Stratoiiner fli ght from London, General Clark i mm ~diately go~s into a long confer ence with Genera l M arshall to outline to the Chi ef of Staff of the United States Army t he current status of TORCH. The November 8 at t ack date is set. General Marshall is hig hl y pleased with t he way things ar e shaping up. General Cla rk gives him a detailed re port of proble m s raised and progress being ma in London. The Deputy Comma der goes minutely over de n the plans of the Algiers and Oran Task Forces. Fro m t he bulging brief cas e t hat vr s a so carefu lly protected on the trip over from London, the general pul l s out paper after pape r and pores over t hem with the top man of t he U. S. P.rm These papers y. inc lude operati onal plans, cover plans, al ternate plans for al l three t ask forc es appreciation of the air and navy situations, surve ys on political and civil af fa i;s. The conf er ence lasts 45 minutes with both Generals Ma rsha ll and Clark exchan gi ng honest opinions on al l phases of TO RCH. General M hall is disturbe d because Ma ars jor General H artle, now com.,andi ng the Vth Arm Cor ps in Ireland, has be en designated, y te m porarily at lea st, as colltl rander of the Oran Task Force. General M arshall wants General Cl ark to comm d an this force, sa ying he doesn't have enough confidence in Hartle. The Chief of Staff dictates a cable to General Eisenhower asking a r evisi on in the Oran comru and but Genera ls Clar k and Handy counsel him to w rite a let t er that Gener al Clark will deliver personally to General Eisenhower when he r eturns to London next week. The let ter te ll s General Eisenho wer that he wi ll give hi m any officer in the United States to command the Oran force "if you ca n 't s ee your way clear to let Clar k \ comm and." This offer includes such of f icers at Lieutenant Generals Mc Nair and )D evers. Put ting a new man in, either as Deputy Comma de r or as he ad of t he Oran n forc e, involves great hazards at so late a date, General Clark explains , tel l ing General IV !arshall that he wo d like to command t he Oran force s ince it wi lj_ be ul made up primarily of his II Army Corps. Follo wing his l engthy conf ere nce wit h Gener al Marshall , General Clar k is next calle d in to discuss TOR with Sec r etar y of W Sti mson. The Secretary is worried CH ar about TOR and is appr ehensive concer nin g what effect i t wi l l have on ROUNDUP CH , t he European i nva s ion that Stimson be l ieves must be executed. The Secretary conf ides that he doesn't feel t ha t Pr ime M ster Churc hi ll 's judgment is sound. M Stimini r. son goes thoroughly into al l an gl es of TORCH h General Clark. He is apprehe ns ive wit ab out the "multitude of suppositions 11 in TO : that Spain wi l .1.re main neutral , RCH that the Nort h Africa n French wil l only put up t oken resi stan ce, th at Germany wil l not m ove into the Spanis h airfields. Secretar y Stimson offers to c ome over to the U nited Kingdom "to give my assistance if you t hink it wi l l do any good . 11 General Clark te ll s him he t hinks suc h a visit would "stimul ate the morale of the men. 11 When General Clark, after givin g the Secretary of W a complete r evie w of TORCH ar , leav es th e Secretary's office, Mr. Stimson shakes han ds and s ays: 11Go bles s you , d my boy. We'r e al l anxious ly waitin g ." The general next goes to the White House for a lu ncheon conference with Harry Hopk J_~~,1, es i dent Roosevelt is on a secret tour of t he nat ion 's defense in dustrie s -Er and he,1 l report to t he presi dent on General Cla r k ' s visit. wil Over a luncheon that las ts two hours, Genera l Clar k gives t he Preside nt 's personal r epr ese ntative a comprehensive vi ew of TOR CH. Hopkins is inter ested particular j_y in the air proble m \ and sa ys that Pres id ent Roosevelt doesn't want European air operation s torn down to o se rio usly by diversion of aircraft to t he North Afric an t heater. He wants t o conti nue extensive bombing raids into Germany and the occupi ed European countries. Hopkin s also s hows gre at i nt ere st i n convoys an<;L -~f ~q~_of_ TORC on Russian conv oys. . tli~ H ~r:f tt ~~ t~ ' nr:~~! & . \ �3 ( The next man to get a ful l report on TORCH Admiral Leahy, President is Rocsevelt 1 s special Chi ef of Staff to coordinate military and naval affair s. Like Hopkins, Admiral Leahy will report on General Clark' s visit to President Roosevelt when the Chief Executive return s from his nat i on-wide tour. After hearing the General's rep ort, Admiral Leafiy expresses himself as "well pleased." Upon his return to his special office at the Operations Division of the W Department, General Clark goes into conference with General Han , head of ar dy operati ons; General Patton, commander of the Casablanca force, and other high ranking officers directly connected with TORCH.W ith the m he goes over special TORC problems, readscables from General Eisenhower, r eports to the Com an derH m in -Chief in London, takes up a multitude of smal l but harassing problems th at are causing apprehen sion. The special office is filled with men, coming to General Clark with problems and with ideas. The confere nces last until evening. Then, Genera l Clark, weary fro m the lon g plane trip and hard l y any sleep, goes t o his W ashington apartment. * W ASHIN GTON,SEPI'. 26, 1942-General M arshall another long conference this morning. The t wo men specific problems suc h as convoys, tro op buildup, is an extremely dif f icult operation but that it is After a rocky start, caused by changin g dates and operation ar e sh~Pmng up splendidly. calls General Clark in for go over TORCH again, discussing supp ly . They agree tbat TO RCH goin g to be done successful ly . su pply problems, plans for the "If the President's conditions (lit t le oppositio n fro m t he Frenc h) are present," says General Clark, 11 are goin g to get away with it. If not, there we is going to be a bloody fi ght • 11 Li eutenant General Some ~ll~ , head of t he sos, is ca lled in and the sup ply rv problem is canvassed thorou ghl y. General Clark explains t hat the great problem in the United Kingdom is that the SOS does not know wbat it has on hand. Gen eral Somerve ll• says tbis re sulted fr om the problem of switchin g so sudde nly fro m BOLERO (U.K. su pply convoys) to TORCH.The shorta ges are bein g ma hp by the de use of five fast freighters that will land i n the United Kingdom so loa ded that they can fit ri ght into the D plus 4 M edit erranea n convoy. Other urge nt ly nee ded items, such as t he missing gun sites for t he ar tillery weapons, are goin g to be flown over. The su pply problem looks as t hough it has been licked but there will stil l be a few s horta ges. They won't be acute unless som ethin g ha ppens to the fol l ow-up convoys. A major item that comes up for dec i sion today is tm pas sinj of comDa d n fro m Navy to Army in the W estern Task Force. General Clark discusses t his fr ank ly wit h Admiral King . The r esu lt is that General Pat t on' s forc e will be under comma d n of Admiral Hewit t of the U. S. Navy fr om t he ti me it leaves the Unite d states lat e in Oct ober until it reac hes the W est Coast of Africa and t he assault starts. The commandwill go from Admiral Hewitt to General Patton at t he point in th e beach assault when the army comma nder tel ..1. the navy chief "I'm prep ar ed to take over." s The U.S. Navy will be prepared to bombard fro m the sea if necessary. Also , it wi l l be alerted to the danger of attack from the Fr ench Fleet. ----. Genera l Pat t on's forc e has set up a tre mendous office in a little-u sed section 2 �4 of t he Mun itions Buildin g. To gain entrance a visitor is double-ehecked at both ends of a corridor. Inside, in several r ooms, thin gs ar e humm g : me clu ste red in n in conferences, men working on maps. General Pat t on's f orce is bein g staged. The 3rd Division, s pecially trained in amp hibious work, has just arrived fro m Camp Roberts, Calif., and is bein g sta ged 50 miles outsi de W ashin gton. The 3rd will sp earhead the W ern Task Force assault, est carr yin g out the sa m role t he 1st e Division will have at Oran and t he 168th Infantry comba tea m wi l l have at Algiers. t General Patton hol ds repeated conferences with General Clark. They go over the altern ate plans Pat t on has in case t he Casablanca re gion lan ding is i mp ib l e. oss They discuss chan ge of command from navy to ar my, the us e of naval bombardment, use of psyc holo gical warfare such as Ame ican flags and f l ares. Every phas e of r t he Casablanca attack is gone into. General Pat to n wants to use parachute tro ops in his operati on and General Clark agrees to ta ke t he matter up wit h General Doolittle when he returns to London. General Clar k lunches with Colonel Donovan and Robert M phy at Donovan's ur home. The subject of 5t h Column activities in .Africa is gone into. The men discuss the feasibilit y of buying off Frenc h naval of f icers to circumvent a fi ght betwee n t he U.S. and Frenc h navies. All agr ee this is an exce ll ent idea and plans are initiated to put it into effect. M urphy be l ieves it can be done. Murphy ask s · permission to run dem olition materials and arms into North .Africa for 5th c ol umn purpos es and General Clark is surprised t hat it hasn't a l rea dy be en done. M urphy re ports that the French beac h patrols are increasin g and that as time goes on it will be ever more difficult to get undercov er ite m as hore. s M phy is given a list of installations ur and establishments to be~ither destr oyed or secured prior to the assault. General Clark sug gests Mur~hy dra w up a diagramatic chart of these points so that he wil l have no lists on his person in case anyt hi ng hap pens. Mu rphy is to let General Ci.ark know which insta ll ations he can take care of prior to the attack hour. The Donovan lunc heon, at whic h t he problems of political and civil secti ons is gone into, lasts t wo hours. Upo his n return to his te m porary office, General Clark again plunges into confer ences principal ~y wit h Generals Handy and Pat t on and members of Patton' s Wes ern T; sk t Force staff. At 5:18 PM General Clark departs from Bol l in g Field for We Point w , st here he is to visit with his son, W illiam, a plebe. M s . Clark and their daughter, r Ann, also make t he trip. Visibi l ity is bad and the air is extr em ely bum . A py t W est Point, the Clark's are me at Stewart Field by their army son. Follo win g t dinner with his family, the general meets some of his son's class mate s. Once a gain-but only for a brief time--Genera l Cl ark is a f am ly man, not a m i ilitar y man. He sta ys overni ght at We Point. st * * * W ASHI GTON,SEPTEMB 27, 1942-For the fir st ti m i n three mo s, General N ER e nth Clark has a day off toda y . And that r esult s only from th e weather. Becaus e of rain and zero visibi l ity, the general's plane is unable to ta ke o~f _f~ om W~st P~i nt f~r the retur~ fli ght to W ashington. So, he spends t he morning vi s itin g wit h his f anu.ly and tourin g the mil itar y academy where he was sc hool ed and where his ~on i s bein g schoole d . In t he afternoon, t he general , Mrs. Clark, An and General Larkin, who also went to the Point to visit his ple ge- son return n to W ashington by t r ain. ' �5 ( During hi s enf orce d abse nc e, General Cla rk ' s temporary Washinl ton of f ice c ontinues to opera te wit h Colonel Slocum, secretary of t he General Staf f , handling incomin g and out goin g cables and participatin g in more mi nor confer enc es. * * * W ASHIN TON SEPTE BER 28 , 1942- - Becau se of t he ur genc y of pr oblems arisin g G , M in London, General Cla r k wi ll begin t he r et urn fli ght t om r ow. Hence, his day or is ja mmed wi th fin al conferences, m ost i mpo rtant of which is his ap pear ance before t he Combined Chief s of Sta ff- the Britis h and Americ an gro up co or dinat in g the war in W hin gton . as The meetin g is held in the Publ ic Health build i ng , acr oss Constitu ti on Avenue fr om t he W and Navy Depar t me ar nts. The c onferen ce i s attended by such war planners as General Marsha l l , Sir J ohn Dill, Admir als Leahy and Kin e, Briti sh Adm al Cunningham. Genera ~ M ir arshall, sit t in g in front of the Unit ed States and Bri tish fl ag s and his own four-st arr ed emblem, presides . The entire TORC plan H is r evi ewed wit h t he outline pla ns dis cu ssed en toto. General Clark i s called upon t o r evi ew t he operation as he an d Gener al Eis enhower s ee it. Admiral Leahy asks Genera l Clark to go ove r t he outline plan wor d by wor d and def end it. This re sults in i t bein g ac c epted wit h only t _r ee m nor rev is io ns . i The c onfere nce lasts over t wo hours wi th l:eneral Clark bearin g t he brunt of the que stionin g . He explains , int er pr ets, disc usse s. TORC is gone into fr om end H to end. W hen the erue l l i ng meetin g i s over, pl anner s of TORCH i n both London , and W shingt on, un derstand each ot her s points of vi ew, t he r easons f or various a dis crepancies in vi ewpoi nts. Th is meetin g is the crux of General Clark 's W ash in gt on visit and when it is fi nis hed the general dec lar es his vi s it has bee n "qu i te successful." The Chiefs of Staff confer ence i s fo ll ov.- by ano t her visit to t he W te ed hi House in whic h r G eneral Clark gives H y Hopkin s a final r eport embodyin g the arr latest develo pments on TOR CH. W hen t he conference i s over , W . Hopkins cal l s ~ the Pres i de nt by t e l eph one , explains to him t ha t General Clark ha s given hi m two r eports and asks Mr. Roosevelt if he wants t he gene r a l to remain until the President returns to Washingt on. " I ' d like to see Clark ," t he president r eplies , "but it return to London at the earliest possible date . Tell him to hi m it is not necessar y f or G eneral Eisenho wer to r etu rn on M arshal ~ has indicated it i s desi ra ble t o get Clark back to as pos s ible ." i s ur gent that he go ah ead . Also t ell my ac count . G eneral London as qui ckly Hopkins explains to t he Pr es i dent that it had be en su ggested G eneral C~ark might fly out by f ast plane , join t te President and return wit h hi m by t rain to W hin gton . as The Presi de nt sa ys t ui s wouJ.d on~y de la y General CJ.ark I s re t urn and that s ince the Deputy Comma r has had lo ng confere nces wit n H nde opkins and Admiral Leahy it wi~J. not be necessar y . "Give Cla r k my warm r egar ds an d my best wis hes ," sa ys Presi de nt Roosevelt . Havin g his cl ea rance fr om President Roosevelt to r eturn to London , t he �'('; •. ·. gene r al hur r i es back to t he W Depart m ar ent for f inal c cnf eren ces wit h Genera l Pa t to n , G ener al Handy , General H l l and hi gh of fic er s i n the W st ern Tas k For ce u e an d SO . After a meet i ng lastin g an hour a nd a half , G S ener a l Clark clo s es hi s t empo ar y of fic e an d goes to ·hi s a part m r ent t o pa ck . Ta keoff for th e retur n f l i ght to London i s s chedule d be t ween 8 :00 and 9 :00 Al to m row . i1 or * * ENR OUTETO LO ON BY AI R, SEPTEM ND BER 29 , 1942- - D y i n get t i ng t he Boe in g ela St r at ol i ner 11Cl:ero kee " read y f or t ake of f del ays the s t art of t he r etur n f l i ght : unt il 12 :47 PEflT. Wh it i s obvio us t he ta keoff wi ll be dela yed , Genera l Cl ark en retur ns t o t he W Depart ment to t ake adva nt a ge of a n extr a hour a nd a half ar wi t h Genera l s Pat t on and Handy . Fina lly t he bi g sh i p i s loa ded a nd re ady a nd G r al Clar k and his s t af f ene wave goodbye t o wel l - wi s r£ r s th at incl ud e Mrs . Cl ar k and G enera l s H andy and Hul l . The pa s sen gers , i n addi t ion t o Gener a l Cla r k , ar e : G ener a l Iar k in , Col onel s Sl ocu..mand Schn ei der (Air Cor ps ) , Lieut. Colo nel Eas on, M or G n aj ree (Avi at i on Si gnal Com pany ) , Capt ai n G irard (Air Cor ps) and Li eutena nt Beardwood. The heavil y-lo aded plane circ l es W shin gt on once af te r i t s t akeof f f ro m a t he Nat i ona l Air port a nd t hen heads out , pa s s i ng over Bal t i m e , N Yo k , or ew r W est Poi nt and up in t o New Engl and . M t of t he gener a l ' s staf f , exhaust ed fro m os t he f our act ion- f i l l ed days in W s hin gt on, sl eep s . The St r at ol in er l ands a t a G nder Lake , New ndlan d , at 8 : 33 PEW or 10 : 03, Newfoundl and t i m G a fou T, e. ander Lake is a tr em endous new air base car ve d out as t he hoppin g of f poi nt for tr an s At .i.a ntic f ligh ts . G eneral Cla r K1 s part y eats at t he Off ic er s ' Me ss, loun ges , rea ds and pla ys pi ng- pong. At 10 : 38 PEW th e gi gant ic, fo ur - m or ed plane , heav il y- l oaded wi t h ga s T, ot olin e , l um bers down t he l ong run way and hea ds out over th e Atl ant i c under a t hr ee-qu art er m . Because of t l:e l oad , t hr ee of f i c er s hav e t o ja m up i n t he oon nos e of t he s hi p s o i t can t ake of f wi th out danger . The s hi p i s comma ded by n Capt a in Nis wander . By m dni ght , a l l passengers ar e a sl eep and t he Stratol i ner i is t lunder i ng st eadi l y a nd wel l over t he Atlan t ic . * ENR UTE TO LO O BY AIR, SEPTEMBER O ND N 30, .194 - By m - m 2id ornin g th e 11Cher ok e 11 i s sailin g i n a v i rtua l vo id - -mist and c lo uds are be l ow obs cur in g t he se a ; ab ove i t i s so c 1. ar t hat t he s ky is pale b l ue . M e ost of t ne pas s enger s cat- nap a nd r ead . Snor tl y aft er no on (B it i s h Ti me) , th e weat h er cle ars a nd wars rd.ps ar e r s ig ht ed . They are in t wo and t hre es . Captain Ni swander comes back to r epor t that t he Adm iral Scheer , G man pocke t - battl eshi p , i s l oose in th e r egio n over whi ch er we ar e f lyi ng . Nisw ander ask s if he can do some r econ naissance . He expl ai ns t hat , i n event he locat es t h ~ r a i der , he can ci r c le it and ra dio its posit i on . "D you know how man plan es s he has on b oar d or how mu h ant i - a ircraft?" o y c as ks G ener al Clar k . "Thi s b i g pl ane woul d be l i ke a l am duck on a mill pond e for t he Sch eer . You' d better head r i ght on towa r d Prest wi ck ." As t ne pla ne drone s on to war d Scot l and , m e war sh i ps are si ghted , in c l udin g a cr u is er t ba t or fir es two s hots as we pass ove tr;t~ r. ;,: A1... mo ,;! ~1w ~ ments later t he Cher oke e passe s 1£, @ . . .It. ·' 1 ' �7 r over a ship to wing tar cets. The warship is only get ting gun practice! At 5:20, Br itish Ti me, t he Stratoliner lan ds at Pre stwick, Scotland . Th7 general has alre ady made arra ngements to get to London ~nd a C-47 t~an spo rt is waitin g on t he bi g fie ld . Baggage is t ransferred a s r apid l y as poss ib le and at 4 :1 9 PM the t wo-motored tra nsp ort ta ~es off for London . $h~'~ loaded to the , ~i ll s havin ~ ta ken t he fr eight off the Stratoliner . I n addi tion to t he transA lant ic party of ei ght , seven other persons who ha ve be en waiting at Prest wic k t for air trans portation to London crowd aboard t he plane . Aft er a routine fli ght down t he I r is h Sea and ac r oss England , t he plane arr ive s over Hendon Airport. Royal Air Force aut rDriti es have r adioed t h~ plane tha t i t can not land because of t he late hour. Ge al Clark has the ra dioman ner answer back that t he plane is com g in despite the f act it is a .1.m dar k and in ost the air port considers i t self closed, be cause of t he blackout , until daylight . The heav i ly laden ship, whic h G eneral Clark has pilot ed part of t he way fr om Scot l and, lands at 6 :48 PM . Genera l Clark is me by General Eisen hower an d t he t wo m lea ve imm t en ediately for London in General Eisenhower 's car so t hey can dis cuss r esul ts of the Washin gt on trip. LONDN OCTOBER 1942--Rea dy to plunge back into on-th e- ground preparations O, 1, for TORCH General Clark is at his Norfolk House office at the r egu l ar 8:50 time , this mornin g and he i mmedat ely cal ls in to p men on his staff to give them a i quick resume of the results of his W ashington trip. At 10 : 00 AM Gener al Ei senho wer comes over to General Cl ark ' s office to c on, tinue the discussion started la st ni ght aft er the general 's arrival. The decision concern ing who will comm and the Oran Task Force must be settled and Major General Ll oyd R. Fredenall , who has been at Jacksonville, Fla., com:nandin g the II Army Cor ps , is dec i ded upon. Later, General Marshall approv es. During t he discu ssion , Air M arshall We sh is cal led i n for consultatio n on t he use of paratroo ps. The l Brit i sher expre sses conc ern over t he use of t he paratro op battal ion s at Oran . He points to the danger of the tro op tra nsp orts bei ng s1 ot down as the y fl y over 1 O ccupied France, enroute by th e shortest r oute t o Oran. So the security of the Oran oper ation won't be menaced, General Clark says he sees no rea s on why the men should jump pr i or to dayligh t; that they coul d jump up to one or two hour s after day li ght. In that way the attack woul d be underway at the time t he troop t ra nsports cut over t he fri nge of Occupied France enro ut e to North Afric a . Adm l Ramsay comes in to go over th e naval command situatio n wit h Genera l ira Clark and, aft er r evie wing an appreciation made by the U. S. Navy of the situ ation, agrees basically with tte entire operation. The ques ti on of havin g naval aviation rehearse with lan d forc es when t hey go thr ough final assault maneuve r s in Scotland fr om Octob er 17 to 21 is brou ght up and Rams says re gula r car rie r-bas ed planes ay ca n be used but that for t he re hearsa l the y will oper ate fr om l and airdrom es so as not t o disturb final prepara tion s aboar d the aircraft carri ers . Ramsay also asks for a directive letting the navy know what it s r e~ponsi bil ities are. This will be done . All naval communications will be cent r alized thr ough Adm iral Cunnin gham and any special in structions will go out , once opera t ions have started , through General Eisen hower. \ �Air Com. ~odore Sanders is called in to discuss the use of parat r oops and he ar.r ees that t hese vital f i ghti ng men s rould be used , if f easible , to "lea pf r og" tro ops to the ea st for the drive on Tunisia. Various command ers are t o be as ked to put in bids on what uses t hey mi _· t have for the a i rborne troo ps and the f ina l h dec i sion on their use will be in the hands of the Com..,and er- i n-Chief. Colonel Caff ey , wro will conL.iand the 39th Regimental Combat Team that will parti ci pate in the Al giers ass aul t alon gs i de the 168th an d the Rangers, ar ri ves f ro m the States -and confers with General Clark . The 39t h is enro ute over by troo p tra nsp ort an d wi l l arrive next week . It will be placed i mmed at ely in t he i a ss ::.. ult convoy . Caffey r epor t s that amphibLu s maneuvers i n th e Stat es brou ght out that t he M rifles , bac kb one weapon of t he Infantry , get rust y an d fai l to -1 f ire if t hey are exposed to salt water spra y . He sa ys a li ght dr essin g of li eht motor oil prev ents corrosio n and non- f i rin g so General Clark or ders t hat t lii s i nfor m ati n be di s s eminated i mmed ately to TOR units . i CH Lieutenant Colon el Stirling c omes in to get a re port on Genera .i. Cla rk ' s W sh i ngt on tr ip so he can car ry it back t o the Britis l:in a Chie fs of Staff . Once a gain , t he genera l covers t he major poin ts rais ed and t he decis ion s made during his f ly in g tri p bac k t o th e States . * * LO NDON OCTOB 2 , 1942- Because Gener al Eisenhower is out i nsp ectin g General , ER Anderson ' s Br itis h tr oops , Genera l Clark presides to day over t he tri - weekly meet i ng of TO H plan ner s i n London . Br iskly , hi t t in g onl y the major ite ms, General RC Clar k revi ews event s that occur ed while he was in W ashin gton . He brings the big joint Br itish-Ame r i can st aff up-to-dat e on TORCH develo pments in London an d W sh a i ngto n, th en as ks t he other officers to br i ng up their proble m s. Admiral Ramsay asks t hat destroye r s be allow ed to go directl y i nto the port s of Algiers and Oran to take f rontal st eps to prevent sabotage to port in sta l la tions or the scut t lin g of vessels at t he harbors ' mout hs . Such an operation would involve no army personne l. Ground troo ps will be goi ng over the bea c hes and encirc l in g the por t s . General Cl ark declar es he be l ieves the de str cyer m ove is a sound pla n an d sa ys he will take it up wit h General Eis enhoVTe in the hope of r gett i ng out su ch a directi ve . Gener al Rooks declares he is sti l l have tr ouble wit h lo gi sti cs - -t hat t here is a ja m p on t he KMS4an d t he KMF4 c onv oys. Because of it , he says t h3 shi pyin g -u wil l be ina dequate to move in part of the 1s t Arm ed Div is i on and part of the or 34t h Divis ion on D pl us 27 . H also r ep orts th at he wi .:.l have a serious ve ni cle e deficiency . This cri s is may be met by a m ove by t he U. S. N avy to increa s e t he num ber of car go ships in t he slow co nvoys to 45 . General Somer.N:'11 r eported to Genera.:. . Clar k in W shl.ngt on tr.aa.t the navy ha d agre ed to suc h enla r gement s and he be .L a _eves t he U. S . Navy wil l agr ee to 55- sh i p convoys- - t he number escorted by t he Brit is ,, Navy- - providi ng a reque st is m de and t he navy cl eared of r espon si bi l ity . a H hour 11- -th e time of at t ack - - f or tr.e West ern Task Force has be en modifie d to give General Pat t on greater la t itude of de c ip ion . W hile t he at ta ck ti m of e t he O an and Al gi er s forces is r 8, Patt on will atta ck on t he 11 ~~fcM~, eber : -" vm No ... ;nt I ·. �9 ti m schedule mos t appropo with surf e day as t he other two assault forces. c onditions, but, if possible, on t he sa m e The fascinati ng subject of 11Cover 11--deliberately puttin g out m is-information to divert and c onfuse t he ene m y-co m up for complete disc ussion tod ay . General es Clar k calls in Bri gadi er M ockler-Ferryman, Li eut. Col. Bevin s , t he Britis h expe rt on TO RCH cover, and General Gruent her. Bevins be lieves t he pl an t o be disse minated to the en emy JIU1 be t hat we plan to attack Italy and Sici l y, This may cau s e st violent sub ma e ac t ivit y in t he M rin editerran ean but it appears to b e th e wis es t cover if we are to hold t he Fr enc h fleet at its Mediterran ean bases an d ke ep Spai n an d Portu gal r e laxed. Genera l Clark asks Bevins how he pla ns to get t h e infor mati on to t he .Ax and Bevins gri ns an d sa ys he has "chan nels," The tr ouble is wit h his job, Bevi ns sa ys, is t hat he JIU1st let trut h leak out most of the ti m e so the ene my 11 ..l be l ieve in me--I 1ve got to build up their fait h i n my underwi groun d sources." It com out t hat General Alexa nde r is goin g t o start a huge es offensive in the M dle Ea.st on October 24 to divert t he enemy, particular ly from id makin g air reco nna issa nce durin g t he period t he assau l t conv oys ar e movin g into po sition. [ Tro ops leaving bot h Engla nd and t he United States wi l l be tol d t ha t t hey are goin g aroun d t he Cape of Good Hope and t hat the y wil l get f urt her infor mati cn c oncern i ng th e ir ta sk after they pa s s t hat point. Ori ginal cover f or t ue Ca s ablanca f orce was to let it l eak out t hat it was goini to a t t ac k t he Dode canes e Is ~a nds, Italian poss es s i ons at the far ea st er n end of t he M editerra nean. Such cov er , say s Bevin s, is not plausib l e since it would t ak e t he Pat t on force wel l in to Decem ber to r eac h t hes e islands. He suggests t hat t he cov er f or t hi s force be t hat it is goi ng to r el i eve t he Britis h i n t he M dd le Ea s t or els e t hat it i s j oini ng t he i at t ack on Ital y . One r eport com in toda y to disturbe an ot he r wise smmoth day . Gener a l Ryder es r eports that the equi , ment of t h e 59th c om bat tea m, whic h is arriv ing here nex t week fr om t he St ates to join t le Al gi ers assa u lt force, is i mp per ly s t owed and ro wi l l have to be r eloa ded. Also, none of t he 59t h 1 s vehic l es ar e wat erpr oof ed . G er al Cia r k ca l l s in Gener a l Gale an d ord ers trat al l poss ib le veh i c les be wat eren proof ed as soon a s t he conv oy arrive s . Lack of wat erpr oofin g m er i als wi 1. be a at l li mi t in g f a ct or. G l e sa ys r el oadin g of t he 59th equipm ent might mena c e the se cur i t y a of TOR but he is l ay in g pl ans to rop e off th at s ection of th e Belf as t docks CH wher e t he loa di ng will take plac e . Gener al G e s ays t he TO al RCH su ppl y sit uati on "lo oks a lri ght " wi t i.1th e exceptio n of ge t t i ng backlo g vehi c l es int o Oran . The US- M edit er rane a n c onvoy , arri vi ll[; at Oran on D pl us 6 , wi ~l r elie ve part of U:e v ehic l e s hor t a ge . The . 40 mmamm uni tion f or Anti-Aircr aft guns i s not suf f ici ent and Gaie r e fc xts t hat he ha s a pr om ise f or 90 , 000 r ounds out of Englan d ' s Oct ober pr oduct io n . This , he es ti mate s, wi ll be enoug h for t he as saul t phas es . Gene r a l Cla rk nex t goes int o t he Pub- ic Rela t io ns se tu p wit h M j or Phi ll i ps . a Fift een cor r esp ondents wi ~~ be i n t ha fi eld by D pl u s 4 : fo ur wi t h t he Easte rn Ta sk Force; s ix wi t h th e Cent er Ta sk Forc e ; thr ee at Gi br a l tar head quart ers, and t wo at t a ched to t he Air Forc e . The W ester n Task For ce i s br i ngi ng over three news men and t wo r ad io m en. I n di s cus s i ng ra dio bro adca s t ers , Philli ps said t wo Ameican r bro adca st er s and one Bri t is her wi il go wi t h th e Ea. t er n For c e . r~n er al Cla r k str es s es s t he a l l - Am ic an as pect of t he er t he f irst v oice t o br oadca st out ope tllI\tt s.as r l -y b �lO of No th Africa must be th at of an A.~erican. There wi ll be no ra dioman wit h the r Oran forc e because of the lack of ra dio fac L .iti es . How ever , recordin g equip m ent pro babl y will go in wit h that ass au lt force. Unl ess t he Si gnal Cor ps provi des phot ogra pher s , one newsreil man wi ll go wit h the Algiers forc e and t wo newsreel men and a st i ll photo graph er wit h t re O an group . r Now that t he execution of TORC is ju st a fract io n over a month away, t hings H are 6oi ng much mo e smoothly . The ba dly - snarled su p~ly s i tuati on i s strai ght ening r out as re por ts pil e up on what i s availab l e in the United Kingdom. Ships are all r eady to leave £or t he Unit ed Kingdom to make up s horta ges a s f ar as poss ib le . Certa in critic al items are bein g fl own over by plane . * * LONDN OCTOBER 1942- -Gener al Mason- M f arlane , civ il and mil itar y govierO, 5, ac nor of Gibra lt ar , sl i ps into London incogni t o to giv e an up-to- the - minute r ep or t t o Gener als Eisenh ower and Clark. The three generals are closeted secretly for an hour as Ma cfar lane r eports on su ch facts as Spanis h r ea ct ion to incr ease a ir and naval acti vit y at t he M terr anean mout h for tress , capa city of t he v ita l Gibra l edi tar air dro m , ar rangements for the be r thing and unloa din g of naval and me rant e rc s hi ps , _assem bly of fi ghte r planes being shipped down by cr ate , activities of agents in both No h Africa and Gibraltar . rt Gener al Ma arlane giv es Gener als Cl ar k and Eis enhower a comp ehensive picture cf r of how TO RCH lo oks to an official w i s sit t in g ri gtrt acr oss t he M no edite r ranean f ro m t he coming theater of action . The gover nor i s quite opti m istic . The sup ply situation c ontinues to bri ghten . Colonel Lewis, artiller y offic er of the Oran Tas k Force, has made a det ailed stud y of- the 105 mmam nition supp ly mu an d th e r eport he gi ves General Clark is very encouraging : 445 , 175 r ounds are av ailabl e . That is 120, 000 ro unds i n excess of what is needed aboard t he D and D plus convoys to Oran . Gener al Lar kin reports that nothin g has developed since he r eturned f rom the U ed States to make th e SOS picture lo ok any different nit and General Hughes, r eturn in g fr om a tour of SOS aepots , says he is optimi stic. Iarkin tells Gener al Clark he is "sat is f ied we are goi ng to m eet the loa din g schedules ." To make pro ~pects even bri ghte r, a f as t ship is l eaving t r~ U. S. O ctober 5 with 2, 500 tons of ammunition to make up various s mr ta ges . Al l this br in gs grea t r elie f t o Gener al Clar k w has be en extremely worried ho ab out logistical pr oblems for t r~ pa st six weeks . A conference after conference t he has had to jack up SOS r epresent at i ves . All t he ti m he re alized the SOS snarl e was not th e fa ult of one man. But he kne w to o t hat som eone ha d to get extremely tou gh if -anyt iu.ng was to be accomplishe d . That theo r y has worked . Plans for t ra ns portin g TORCH dquarters to Gibr altar prior to D-day have hea now c ongeale d . ID:.wE B-17s, f ixed to carry 10 pass engers , wi ll be used in stea d of trans port s . Two ships will go down fiv e days befor e t he assault date ; four on D minus thr ee and t wo on D minus one. Two of these ships wil l r emain at Gibr a lt ar for use of the headquarters staff aft~~ttack is underway . Other person uel wil l go down by boat , arrivin g about H ip.us-· :.w: ""'~Jeral Clar k wil l f ly down a Jiri 9 o T month fr om to m r ow. or ?:: CC · _ ffE . - ----;..;..;;:;;..;;; ~ . ·-.;~ii �I( Now that the major items have been disposed of--place, time and plan of at ta cks ; troop and me rchant c onvoys ; logistics; political affairs; weapons and assault craft ; naval and air strength-a host of more minor subjects aris e daily. Bulked together, they are of infinite importance since every facet of the plan must work to perfection if the assault is to be preponderant l y successful. These are t he types of thin gs ijeneral Clark concerns himse lf wit h primarily today: Making arran gem ents so the Gibr altar-boun d planes wi ll have the general officers well dispe rsed in cas e of accident •• •Deat h to a f ew key men m ght doom i the entire operation • • •British Navy planes must be marke d wit h American insi gi:nia to carr y t he a ppearance of an al l - Ameic an operation to t he f ullest possible r degree • • •Liai s on work is being done so American flyers wil l be able to r ecognize the silhouettes of British warships ••• The 62nd Trans port Group, whic h will be used to leap-frog General Anderson's troops toward Tunisia, is com g in on in sc hedule fro m t he United States •• •The "Offe nsive A ction" paper ha s been drafted to incorporate Britis h and American views and General Clark advises Wa hingt on s that it wil l be publis hed M onday noon un le s s word is heard to the contrary •• • Use of t he Brit i s h Royal Ma rines com up again and General Clar k instructs es General Lemnitzer to have Lord Louis Mo untbatten begin making pl ans for its use in attac kin g Sar dinia, probably about three months after t he No h African attack • • rt •Bids are coming in fro m all task force comma ders as to what t hey t hink t hey n wil l need i n the way of air transports • • .The Com ander -i n-Chief wi ll dec i de late r m to what tasks he will assign t hese paratroop or inf antr y carr yi ng planes • •• The directiv e concerning use of Paratroops at Oran has gone in and it is agr eed that t his unit will attack at 1:00 AM not dawn • . . General Ryde r is having dif f ic ul ty , with Gener al Anderson concernin g turning over of his comma d to the Brit i sh and n over- t he status of civil administration ••• Gener al Cla r k pro m es t o str ai ght en is the matter up and, after conferences, assi gns five more American to the Algiers Task Force civ ili an affairs group • •• The question of a ir cover for the Oran assault forc e comes up again and a reque st is made for six medi um bombers to be base d at Gibraltar rea dy to support the assault • • •General Clark pr omises to ta ke it up with his air officers • •• Because it appears that it will be impossible for int elli gence offic ers to get viaas to go into Switze rland after TORCH gins, Gener al Clark be starts the wheels tur ni ng to get the State Depart men wor king on the visas illL t ~ediate ly •• •The proble m of getting a signa l corps man into North Africa wit h M r. M urplzy- so he can send messages to the attackin g forc es and guid e in the Oran pa.:batroops is causin g concern ••• General Clar k sug gests t he man might be smuggled in at a lon e~y beac h ••• Having the man go in in civilian clot hes ar pears too dan ger ous . Thes e are the kind of questions dealt with thorou ghly because a slip m ight cause untold compli cations. * t hat come up , hour afte r hour . Each must be in one minor item-say use of the radio-- t: CHE CKERS ENGLAND , , OCTOB ER 1942-Pri me M st er Churchi ll summons Ge ini nerals Clar k and Eisen hower to his country esta t e t his evening to go over th e latest TORC devel opments and get a f ace-to -face rep ort fro m Genera l Cla r k on his r ecent H visit to W hington. There have been no changes in the date and plan for TORC but as H t he Pri m M e inister is ea ger to go over the details . He is still worried about the effect of TORCHon the Russian "PQ" con•~~j; !!:J �( The coup de etat of t he evenin g is pul led by Gener al Cla r k . For weeks he has bee n l ookin g wit h lon gi ng eyes at t he Briti sh Aircr aft car rie r now i n th e I ndi an O cean . M e fi ghter cov er i s needed fo r t he Oran Task Forc e and t he pla nes or on the carr i er woul d make up this defici ency . M . Ch hil l i s st r i din g up and down t he r oom, di scu ssin g t he Afric an oper~ , r urc at i on . Occas i onally he hops over th e s tep t o t he fi rep la ce hearth and stands wi th 1 his back t o t he f ir e , w m g and ru bbi ng hi mself . Sudden.Ly he says : 11Is t her e ar in , anythi ng I can do for any of you . 11 The t ime lo oks ap pr opo an d General Cla rk says : 11 Yes , " Mr. Pri me M i st er . How about us i ng t hat Ind i an O in cean car r ier i n TOR ? 11 CH 1 s ro und f ace li ght s up ; 110f c our se , " he booms. "That car r i er ain ' t Mr . Churc t..il l no good all alo ne . " He t el l s G r al I smay to start t he gear s turn i ng to get t he ene car r i er int o t he oper at i on . Gen er al Clar k bel i eves something wi ll now brea k lo ose on the car r i er sit uat ion : i f t he I ndi an Ocean ca r ri er i sn 't r el eased , at lea st an unused car ri er in t he H e om Fl eet wi l l be as sig ned to the O an Tas k For ce . r ( The Pr i m M ni st er i s st il l wor r i ed abo ut mov ng t he bul k of A er i can forces e i i m out of t he Brit ish I sles f or use i n TOi\CH. He wants m e tro ops m or oved i n f ro m t he St at e s to ass i st i n def ens e of t he U t ed Kingdom. He concur s with Gener ul Clark 's ni sug ges tion t hat new divis i ons , t hose wit h onl y th ei r basi c t r a ining , come over and l earn fr om t he groun d up wi t h Br itis h ar ti l le ry equip ment . Because vi rtua lly al l ca rg o ships wi ll be use d t o sup 0 ,or t t he TO RCH f or ces , the Q n M y will be t he uee ar only ship ava ila bl e t o bri ng t r oops over . Thi s blo cks t he mo vement of Ame i can r f i ght i ng equipment , but not f i ghting men, to the U nited K ngdom w l e TOR i s i hi CH i n the devel opi ng phase . As us ual, t he Pri me M nis t er keeps hi s gue sts up unti l a ver y l at e hour . For i th e fi r st t ime Gener al Cl ark r eal.Ly disco ver s t he sa gaci t y of get tin g peop l e t ir ed befor e fac in g the m wit h a prob l em. The car r i er r eques t ca m as the Pri m Minis t er e e w appraa cr.d. g cl os in g ti me. The reque st was ma ps ychol ogica lly and physi ca l ly as n de at pr eci se l y t he ri ght m ent . om General Al exan der is going t o st ar t a bi g pus n i n the M dl e East on O id ctobe r 24 as a cov er f or TO H. M . Chur chill di scus ses t his mo throu g i:_,J_y wi t h Gener a l s RC r ve Cla r k and Eisenho wer • .Ameri an f or ces wi l l be i ncl uded i n t ne bi g at t ack sin ce c t heir emp yment will be a bui ldup for t he a l l - Am lo eric an appear anc e of TO H at RC Algiers , Oran and Casabla nca . Bef or e l eavin g f or Chequer s , General Clar k put s i n a busy Sunday . He cal l s in Gener a l Lee fo r a gener al sur ve y of t he SOS s i tu at ion . Lee estimat es t he SO S wi l l be able to give 90 per cent perf ormance i n the TO RCHoperat io n . He :explai ns t he difficu l ties bar r in g 100 per cent per fo r man and Gener al Cl ark tel ls Lee he ce under st ands perfect l y . The mo e r ecent pr obl ems- -moveme of t he five shi ps comin g r nt over espe ciall y to j oin the Br i t is h M edite r r ane an convoy , lac k of spac e f or t he 59t h combat team car go and simila r 11t h hour devel opm s-- a.re gone into . Lee says ent m e space m be f ound for the 59th when it s sh i ps are re -l oaded . He also t hl.nks or ay addi t iona l car go space - -a.bout 50 deadwei ght to ns per ship - - may be f ound in th e D day vesse ls . He pro pose s to f i ll t ~ - wit t f i eld ration s . As to amm tion , uni · t:fc-RT_;'C)' .. l · ,:. E �13 r_~ fCn\ : 17 E --.~~ffT , ;--"--·-._;;;...:..::.=...! General Lee reports that 500 ,000 °" tons arriv.ed .d.n the U. K. la st month and the SOS has a fairl y good breakdown of the items . Loadin g of some ships f or t he TORCH assault force has started and the SOS chie f says co operat i on with the Br,itis h in loadin g and unloadin g is excellent . General Clar k hopes to get away fro m c onferences and paper work wit hi n a week or so in order to eet in to Scotland for a final look a t the com bat t r oops and for personal ins pect io n of combat loa di ng operations. He in s tructs Gener al Lee t o se t up a s peci al trai n fr om Octo ber 17 to 20th so he ca n get up to th e G gow- River las Clyde area . The De~tuy Com.an der a l s o hopes to get down to Shr iv enbam so he can m look over t he headquarters securit y forc e , now being sta ged ther e . Other conferences held durin g the day concern passa ge of co mma d fr om the n naval corrunander at Oran to t he Task For ce Commande durin g D-day . The same prinr c i ple wi ll a pply t rere a s is bein g applied at Algiers : it wi l L occur at t he poi nt in th e landin g where t he G ound Com r mander fe els he is able to c ontrol t ne s it uat ion asho re and t ells the nav al comma der that he i s r eady to t ak e over . Anot her proble m n tha t c omes up is overloa ding of the Algie rs Assault Forc e and General Ryder is goin g to re- exa mine his load in g tab .tes to s ee wnat non- combat unit s can be dro pi.ed off wit r:out cri pplin g his forc e . I niti al unit s of th e 29t h Divi sio n arrived i n t he U. K. yes terd ay . The rema in der will be ar ri v in g within a week . G eneral Cla r k sc aQ t he pos s i bil it y of s tr ength tS ening weak poi nt s in the assaul t wit h vol unte ers fro m this div ision . * * LON , O DON CTOBER6 , 1942-- Generals Clark an d Eisenho wer arriv e back in London fro m th e Pri me M niste r I s estate at 11 AMand go into i rruediate c onfer ence on i n develo pment s occuring durin g their absence . The Com niand r - in-C hiefs joi nt staff c onf eren ce i s held at Norfo lk House and it gets bri ef er and brief er as t he TOR a ttack date ne ar s and pr oblem after proCH b l em gets a solution . Genera l Eise nhower stress es t he ne ed for "c onst ant vi gil an ce" in pro t ectin g t he securit y of TORC He declare s ttat "extre m measures " s r:ou.1d be H. e ta ken to keep t he at t ack da te and t he assualt poi nts se cr et . In a gener a l revie w of decisi ons yet to be made, Gener al Ei senhower says t ra t he beli eves tro ops s houl d a t tac k wit h di v isiona l insignia on t heir unifor m and tru cks . He be Lie ve s t he s posit ive va l ues - morale , control of troo ps and vehicles - -out weigh the ris ks involv ed-- givin g t he enemy a chance to kn ow ju s t whic h or gan izations a re atta cki ng . The questi on of t he anti - submar i ne patro l for the Casab lan ca force c om up es and the staff agre es it must be come a U. S. r es ponsibi .tit y as soo n after t he attack as possible . Durin& the early phas es , the sub-patrol work wi ll be done by British Catalina f ly in g boats ranging out all t he way fro m !Gibraltar . "I f our navy won 't do somethin g abou t protecting itself , the army wil l have to ," Gener al Eisenhower · co m ents . Air M .n arshal W sh says the Britis h ca n su ppl y on ..c lit ht air cov er fr om el y Gibr a ltar and both Adm al Ramsay and he believe it is i mper ative that t he Casa ir blanc a force have some anti-submarine protecti on. < Gener al Ei s enhower tells the hi~h -ra nkint offtc er f ac in g him around th e conf erenc e t able that the r e has be en "nq- eata9ly-smic J"cJjfl,nge in TOR - -it is eoin g CH 1 along wit h t he sa me speed , the same -4~_t. _-'ff"•'.•E e'ctations • 11 ~ ·_~ . r exp• . _i ' ~ J~.il: ~)J.-UK ;, ·7t., ·., . . :~c~.;J; ..... �( The subjec t gone into most thoroughly is the anti-subm arine patrol , Cap tain W right of the U.S . Navy says t he harbor of Algiers is not suitable as a s ~a1 J.a ne base even after it is in control of Ameri can f orces . He also adds t hat unless planes with sea - searc h equipment ar e used , t he effectiveness of the aircraft in eliminating submarines will be reduced 33 percent . Buildup of the new ai r fo r ce- - the 8th--is discussed and General Doolitt l e sug eests that f or security r eason it should be explained , when questi ons c ome up , that the 8th is bein g built to amplify work of the 12th Air Force whic h is a l ready operatin g actively in the European theater . General Anderson is st i ll worried about his com.:iand particularly , his relation ship to the Ameri can poJ.itical and civ i l officers who wilJ. be stat i oned in the Algiers region to give the appea r an ce of an all - American action . He wants a "c le ar cut" directive so General Clark sc hedules a conference for late afterno on . Admiral Ramsay intro duces a plan calling for a special force to rush into the Al giers harbor , board the ships and pr event any scuttlin g or sabota ge . This f orce , c omposed of about 300 men, preferably Americans , would try to land at docRside in two l arge dest r oyers . Gener al Clark is going to ask fo r volu nte ers f rom the 29th Divisio n for this hardy task . The re quest that the U. S . Navy c onvoy cargo ships is coveys of 55 vessels has been rejected at Washington . The Navy de c lines to f rovide pr otecti on for any convoy larger than 45 s hips , sa yin g it is impossible to prote ct more than t hat number with t ne escorts available . Following the confer ence led by General Eisenhower , General Clar k ca.Ls in various officers to work on problems rai s ed at the Com'!landr - in - Chief 1 s m tin g . e ee After discussion wit h Air M shal v.r l:1and Genera l Doolittle ar els on the anti - sub patrol at Casablanca , a cable to Vl s hi.ngton is drafted statin g the Britis h fl yin g a boats will pick up t he Patton c onvoy on D minus two and that from D minus one to D plus eig ht t wo Ca talinas wil - be over the convoy durin g daylight hours as submarine protection . On D plus f i ve t he 12t I1 Air Force will sup 1aament this l pr otection wit h li m ted -r ange visuaJ. submarine patrol by A20B plan es . Fro m D plus 14 the kr rn Air Force wil l provide moderate-ran ge visual patrol with B25C air y craft . The cable points out this anti-submarine protection is a.nadequate and that the U. S . Navy should make further pr ovisions . General Doolittle reports he has arranged to have 25 Spitfires with 90-gallon belly tanks read y at Gibraltar to back up the Oran att a ck in case anythin g hap pens to the carrier - borne f i ghters . I f the Br itis h air craft carrie r, discussed wit n Pri m Minister Churchil l , is e obtained , the Oran force will have about 50 car r ier-bas ed planes . General M ason-Macfarlane, governor of Gibraltar , renurns for a conf erence prior to his depa:bture to the RG . The route of parat r oops over Spain the ni ght ck be f ore the Oran attack is discussed and M acfarlane believ es it wil l be saf e if the carriers fly at 10 , 000 f eet . Fr om England to the coast of Spain t hey will fly at a v er y l ow altitude to escape the radio detectors in France . Then t hey will climb up to escape the Spanish . They wi ~l nit t he Spanis i. coast at 9 :00 PM , four hours before they are scheduled to attack at Oran , provi ded an H- h our jw np is decided upon . �15" ':;:!• '.,.--.,..c.;;-= .:7 ~ ~lth oug h the Spanis h wi ll ~e and probab ly wil l r eport pre sence of enemy planes over head to Germany, M~ cfarlane does not be l ieve any opposi tion will com fro m Spain . Tr~e have fe w n i ght fig hters . He does not think the Germans will e y fly over Spa in t o intercept the paratro ops . In event a pla ne cras hes , i t prob abl~ won't be discovered until morning , well after the attack . Genera l M acfarlane re ports that the ca pacit y of t he G br a ltar air port is i 350 plan es and he believes requirem ents can be met des ~ite great congest ion . He is satisfied wit h re ports given him by Ge a l Cl ark on the personn el an d naval ner buil dup at Gibr altar. The t wo gener a ls sha ke hands , sa y goodbye and Gener al Clark sa ys : "W l , I'll see you in Gib ab out a mo h fro m to day ! " 11Right , 11 sa ys el nt Ma cfarl ane , and winks. O of the m ne ost difficult problems for t he hi gh militar y ·men in TOR is CH arrangin g political and civil af fa irs deta ils. Since the y ar e mi l itar y men, t hese matters are somewhat forei gn . General Clar k ca lJ.s a conferenc e of a ll men involved in this t ype of work . American per s onnel of this t ype wil l have to be divided in to three parts at Algiers--the "front men" for General An s on ' s eastward der bound force; the "fr ont men" for Briti sh General Clark ' s Algiers base or ganization; and offi cers to giv e an Amer an aspect to the assa u lt of t h:? 11t h and ic 36th British Bri gades . The Civil Affairs people wi l l deal wit h loc a l ordin ances, fi nancaal matters , hirin g of Frenc h labor, relations wit h French poli c e and civi l of f i ci als and kindred non-mil it ary af f airs. Al l dealin s wit h the French wil l be , primarily , t hrough America n offic ers to b ear out the American a sp ect of TOR CH. G ener al Anderso n sa ys t wo Ameica n civi l affa irs experts are not suffi~i ent for his force r so additional personnel wil J. have to be f ound . The qu estion of dis t rib uti ng packa ges of arms to the friendly Fr enc h also com up. Every pre cauti on mu be es st taken to se e that t hese get in t o the ri g ht han ds . This is a problem for the politi ca l section executives . M . KnoI, a state depar t m r ent Algierian expert , sa ys t he youth of North Afri ca wi l l be be hind us no matt er w hat happens . He adds that a great deal of t he su cc ess of TORCH depends on la st-m inu te ne gotiations • tha t M . M phy can c onduct. r ur G eneral Cl ark orders dra ftin g of a comp hens iv e directive re on po~it i cal and civil affai rs . The a dvisabilit y of put ting the political se ction UR der G-3 is discuss ed since t his secti on involv es, in many ca s es , m l ita ry oper ati ons su c h· i a s dem olitions . Gene r al Anderson grows i ncrea s in gly diffic ul t . He is now pr ot esti ng agai n over th e inclusi on of 1100 U. S. veh ic l es in t he Al giers conv oy . General Clark calls in Genera l M atejka and Colonel Ram sey to se e what ca n be done to assau ge Anderson . M atejka agrees to cut t he number of v eh ic le s 25 percent but s ays he is goin g to put up a fi th t t o get t hese ve hicles in the fol J.owing convoys . Col. Ramsey poi nt s out that this means it wi ~l b e D plus 60 before t he Allied Forc e Headquarters i n Al i ers has proper t ransp orta t io n . Admiral Ramsay returns to go over the Air Annex and dec J.ares th e air force reaL .y has three task s: sup1'ort of ground - oops, - pro tect ,ion of ports, pr otecti on of naval vess el s and c onvoys. The navy is _. : ff r ~ _f "prote ct i on of t he f le et . · t· w ,, ~CUIt I ' ' \ �\~ ( The air force, sa ys Ramsay , can't serve t wo mast ers. Gener al Clark makes it clear that th er e must be complete unit y of comma d and decr ee s that t he annex n state flatl y that the air forces ar e under the three Task For ce Com:nanders initial ly and under the Commanderi n-Chief of TO RCHfinal ly . The use of the planes will be determined by t he Force Commanders and/or the Comma der -in-Chi ef, n depend i ng on the situ ation. * * LONDONOCTOBER , 1942- General Cla r k ' s psyc hology on gettin g another , 6 aircraft car r ier out of Pri me M ni st er Churc hill wor ked l i Admiral Ramsay r eport s t o t he D eput y Co!lli nander -i n-Chi ef that an auxiliary carri er has bee n obtained . It is not the one out of t he In dian Ocean, but one t hat was bei ng held bac k by the ;bme F l ett . It ca r ri es 11 pla nes and t 1 wi ll is give the Oran Task Force ap pro ximately 50 fi ghter planes to su pport it in t he assault . A s quadron of Spitfires is also earmarked to f l y t o Oran at dawn, a id wher e t hey can, land on the Oran air port if tak en or els e put down as best they can when t heir fu el gives out. The thi nness of t he O an ai r sup~ort ha s now been r thic kened . () Another major decision reached today is that t he O an paratroo ps will attack r / at H- hour--1 AM ns tead of waiting until dawn. M or Yarboro ugh re por ts thi s --i aj will giv e the par atroo ps three advantages : a greater element of surprise; the use of darkness to c ons oli date t heir positions and colle ct their fi ght i ng equipment, ~nd a chance to dem onstrate t hat the tro ops ca n set down in their s ection despite darkness . Yarbor ough , as ar e al l of the paratroop of f ic ers , is ea ger for t he par atroop chance~ ~eneral C~ark sa ys that one of the bri ghe st spots i n plan ni ng for TORC has been the eagerness for action of the par atroops. Suc h an H 11s hows initiativ attitude e and is one of the fin est t hing s about all t his pla nn- in g whic h at ti mes ha s had its ver y dark si de s , " Ge al Clark tel l s Yarbor ough. ner Yarboro ugh r eports that Bri tis h agen ts wi ll li ght flare s in t he Oran a ir port area to help the paratr oops down to ward their obj ect iv e . He is not worried abou t to o ::rea t a loss of equipment i n t he dark and adds "anyway, we 'v e got enou g~on us to fi ght for 24 hours . General Fre dena l l is due so on t o take over command of the II Corps , whi ch i s t he Oran Task Force . General Hartl e , who had been provi sio naL y set u p for t .ti e c ommand i s r eturnin g to Ire land . Whe TOR gets underway , Hartle will more or , n CH less comm and th e TOR base s ec tion in the United Kingdom. Thus , all hope has CH pa ssed of General Clark commandn g t he Cor 1 s wit h whic h he or i ginal l y came over i s eas . 111 woul d have l ike d nothin · bet t er, 11 says the Deputy Command er-in -Chi ef , 11 but Gener al Ike wouldn I t let me do both -- be Deputy Com :nander to him and have the Corps as well. He t hought t ha t was too much for one man." \ A plan t o have t he assault boats equi pped wit h loud speakers thr ough whic h Frenc h troo ps guard i ng t he Oran and Algiers areas can be infor med that America ns a re making t he lan di ng and tha t no fi ght wit h t he Frenc h i s nece s sary beca use this is a move a gainst t he Axis i s discussed . General Clark wants to get 500 loud speakers for t his use . Gener a l M atejka says t he Si gna l Corps has none i n t he U. K. and the Br itis h are wit hout them. I f t he pl an ap pears f easible , efforts will be made to rus h them over fr om t he St ates. Pe),'fla"psmegapno n~f wil l be used i nstead . ~ \ �l 'l ( Attempting to button up t he operati (n calling fo r a direct as sault on the Algiers and Oran harbors to pr event suuttlin g of or sabota ge to ships , Genera l Clark plans on usin g 400 Infantry volunteers from the 1st Armored Divi sion at Oran and 300 Infa nt r y volunteers fro m t he 34t h Division at Algiers . The Bri tis n wi l l provide about 40 naval techni ci ans at Algiers and the U. S . N avy a s i m ilar number at Oran. This navy personnel will go int 'o the en gine ro oms and hol ds of the s hips to prevent wreckin g of machin e1· or the openin g of sea e ocks . y A dmiral Burrou ghs out lin es the movement and assaul t pla n at a s pecia l meet in g cal l ed by G eneral Clark . The tro ops wil l leave t he Unite d Kingdom aboard cr uisers . They wi ll be transferred to des tr oyers after arrival in the Assau l t Areas . One des tr oyer wi~ ~ drive int o Oran harb or, the other into Al giers . Sold ie rs wi l l se i ze and protec t wharves and ot her har bor facilities . -Naval personn e~ wi l ~ board t he shi ps. Plans are made to get the necessar y troo f s r eady for shi pm ent i n t he D-day conv oy . G eneral Oliver, wro attends the conference, reports that t he 1st Arm ored Combat team that is participatin g i n one of the Oran beac h l andi ggs is now in the Liverpool ar ea and wi ll start lo adin g about October 14 . Durin g t he 16 days the y wil ~ be aboard s hip prior to sailing the y wil l hav e time for rehea r sals . This tea m has not had much opportunit y t o pr ac tic e di sembarkation of t anks . The Maracaibos wil l not be rea dy in time for the rehea r sal. One particularl y heartening piece of news is delivered to General Clark by Admiral Ram say who has received a cable fro m Adm r a l Cunnin gham. It says i t hat agre ement ha s b een reached wit h the U. S . N avy by which Cunnin gham wil l command al l naval forces in t he operation. The U. S. Navy has been prot estin g a gainst a Britis h offic er having comma over U. S. warshi ps . G nd eneral Clark ea geily awaits confirmati on of this news . Bad news c omes in the form of a list of pass engers ki ll ed when a comm ercial / dli pper , enroute to England , crashed the day befo r e yesterday at vot wood , N fdld. It r es ulted in deatn tGotwo TORCH civil affairs section officers and serious injury to a thir d . Hasty searc h must now be made to replac e this person nel. Another pla ne crash , whic n occured in Spain durin g G ra l Clark ' s visit to the United ene State s , could have caused serious , almost f ata l , TO RCH rep ercussions . A plane / f lyi ng to G ibraltar crashed in Spain. The pilot was kil l ed . In hi s pocket was a s ecr et envelo pe containin g TO RCHinfor m ation bein g carried f rom Genera l Clark io G enera l M acfarlane. Thoro ugh investi gation s ,~wed the env elo pe · was not . opened . It was deliver ed to Genera l Ma cfar l ane int a ct ! Air Comm odore Sanders r eport s to Gener a l Clark on th e air build - up at filibraltar. It will be necessary to place in operation four Spitfire squa drons and replace m s for Am ent erican and Britis h losses soon after the operation opens . It has b een a gr eed to have 107 pla nes , crated, go in t o Glbr al tar on K Sl , ar r ivin g M on D-2 or D 1 . Fifty additi ona l plan es wil l arr iv e on D plus 3 . These plane s will be rea dy for flight on D plus 10. Sta ggerin g of a irc ra ft ar riva ls a t Gibra l tar wil l eli m inat e exposur e of too m any aircraft duri ng a li kely per io d of b om dbar m . Comman g offic ers ar e countin g on fair ly heavy air los s es duri ng t he ent din earl y phase s of TOR CH, particularly am ong Am ic an pilots who have had lit t l e or er no co nbat experie nce. · .. .. .. , �1i LO N, O NDO CTOB 7, l.942- - "Each da y I s ee more ev id ence t 11 t we are get t i ng ER a to get her-- get -;: ng bett er or gan i zed . And ea ch <;l.ayI get a li t t l e mo e hope f u l." i r Thus , Gener al Ei senh ower c l oses to day t he r egular t r i - week1.y Comi"tl der ::.inan Chie f Is c onfe r ence . Because a l l i mpor t a nt mat te rs a pparent 1.y ar e f a ir l y weL _ set t led , t he confer ence i s sho r t . M ost of t he quest i ons t hat c om up c onc ern e m e or l e ss minor matt er s . or Lookin g aroun d the b i g, r ect an gul ar c onfere nce table ar ound whi ch si t th e to p men of TG RCh-- Genera l Cla rk on his ri ght , Gener al Ander s on and Adm l ira Ra m say ac r os s t he tab l e; al l t he ar my and navy of f i cer s who have be en pourin g al l th eir ene r gi es into pl ann i ng for t he operatio n- - Gener al Ei s enhower is obviously plea s ed "wit h t he way t hin gs ar e get t i ng bu t t oned up . 11 H says "i t i s ple a s in g e to s ee t he s t a ge t hing s ar e rea chi ng . 11 One of t he m t ers giv ing Gener als Cl ar k at and Eis enh ower par t i cula r pl eas ur e i s t he a ppar ent har m ony c onc ern i ng pl acin g of t he U. S . N aval for c es at Casab l an ca un der Adm iral Cunn in gham. Gener a .L Eisen hower r emar ks t hat 11al .L our pr obl ems a r ~ be i n g an d must be set t le d by t he f u nda m -ntal ru l e of com10n s ense . 11 Genera l Cla r k out .L nes t he l at es t ac com s nment s : t he de c i s ion t o u se port i pli s ei zur e f orc e s at Ora n and Al gie r s ; t he de c ision to have para tr oops at ta ck at O an a t H- h our; redu ct i on by 25 per c ent of t he num r of U. S. vehicles i n th e r be Al gie r s conv oys ; agre em , at l ea st on t his s i de of tbe At l anti c, of t 1e use of ent an t i - submarine pla nes at Casab la nca . One hea rteni ng r ep ort i s made by Gener a l Ei s en hower . He has ju s t c onfe r re d wit h "a c l an de s t i ne per s on whos e na m wi l .L have to rema in se cr et . " This sour ce e r epor t ,_;t hs.t t he It a li a n peopl e ar e rea dy f or peace at any price . lligh It alian gov er nm ent of f i ci al s , t his man sa ys , 11at la s t r ea -1. e t hey ca n 1 t win even if th e iz pr es ent s i de t hey are on win s . " Amei c a ' s pos i ti on , he conti nue s , is get t i ng mor e r popula r in I t aly an d t he I t a.d a ns ar e ea ger t o avoid an t a gonizin g us 11de e p in . t he gr as s r oots • 11 For t hat r eas on no 'Ital i an submari nes ar e at pr es en t or,er ati ng of f th e Atlan ti c s eaboar d . fl W mi ght get a little e quiet Gener a l Eis enhower conc l.Ud . es 11 help f r om t oo Italian s i f t hin gs go ri ght , fl Amo g t he more minor m t ers t ha t c ome up at t oo bri ef c onf ere nce ar e t he n at us e of l ouds peaker s i n t he l andi ng boa t s and t he qu est ion of a pr oc lamati on_t i:iat is t o b e deliv er ed to t he res i de nts of Nor t h Afric a . The .La ter ms be en drafte d t in th e U. S. an d i s i n its fi na l f or m f or di strib uti on by ra dio or pl ane . Gene ra l Lee r eport s t hat bot l: t he Britis h a nd Ame ic an sup pl y peop l e f avor s ta r tin g a r Quart er m st er school in England f or Britis h and Am ic an grou nd , a ir and naval a er pers onne l . At i t , s tud ent s woul d l earn t re difficulties enc ounter ed and mi stak es m e i n su pplyi ng TOR ad CH. 11They wou l d lea r n fr om t he expe ri ence we ar e gett i ng, 11 de c la re s Genera l Gale'. G er a l Eis enh oV1 f avor s su c n a sc hool . en er Genera J. Eis enhower asks eac n off ic er a t t he ta ble if he ha s any ques t io ns or proble m to bri ng up and for t .re fi r st t i je none of t he men ha s an ur g ent mat te r s . t o pr es en t and t he conferen c e bre aks up . I n t he gr i m and t ense bu si ness t he open in g of a Seco nd \ �(9 ( Front, General Clark has a ..L ighter , somewhat 11ro mantic 11 task to day . At fir st lieutenant in his II Corps wants to marry an American nurse s ta tioned near t he Longford Castle headquar ters that has now become the rear ec neion . W hile the lieutenant appears be fo re the s m ng , lanky genera1. to state wny he believes ili the three - month waiting period provided by re gul ations s houl.d be waived , t he nurse, a new en gage ment ri ng on her J eft h3.lld, waits anxiously in an outer office . The genera l will grant t he coup ::.. per m e ission to marr y provi ded t he proper papers are fi 1.ed out . On1. he , as the offic er ' s commanding general , can grant l y th at per mission. Alt 0rnate plans for the TO RC'i task forces are stil1. bein g c ons i dered . General Clark cal ls in General Lemnitzer . Because of the c l1ances of surf con dit ions interferin g, particular att ention is paid to secondary p~a ns for the W estern Task Force . Whether the entire Patton force can be moved into G br a1.tar is a matter i for naval consideration and Britis h officials are inquirin g into it s fea s ibilit y . The W estern fo rce might move in f ull or part strength into the Oran- Nemours area to assis t the Center Task Force . A rajor diffi culty is that t he full strengt h of the two forces can not be adequately su ppli ed t n.r cug h exisiting harbor facilities in the O an area. G-3 will have the finai altern ate plans r eady for sub m r ission by Oct . 12 . They wil ~ be cabled to General Patt on . Info r mation is being ass embled re gar di ng suitable landin g beac nes in Sout nern Spa in. For political and diplom at ic ramifications of such a plan ar e extremely delicate but such a landing , dependent on many conditions, is a possibility . Gener a l Lemnitzer submits ·a paper deai i ng with possible action against Spanish M orocco by the Ryyal Marine Division or other Brit is n forc es . This acti on would take place in event of an atte m to close the Straits pt by eit her Axis or Spanish forces. ~eneral Cl ark believes suc n a plan is i mp acti cable . Believing it may r have some merit , t he Deputy Commaner decides to go into it more t horoughl y . d Organization of t he U. S. SOS and Britis h Line of Communi ations · set - up once c ,,, t he Nort u Afri can theater is establis red is di scuss ed with General G . The t wo ale generals a__ree that chiefs of t he sup I,Jy services s hould be on t he t heater staff l rat her than directly under the commanding general of SOS. It is importa nt th at the British Fir st Army and t he U. S . Fift n Army which is to be cr ea ted after -TOR is developed-be CH free of unn ecessary administrati ve res ponsibility . The field forces mus t be free t o mo wit hout the encumbrances of sup pl y wor r ies. ve Wa terproofin g of 1 1 500 ve hi cles of the 1st Armored Divis ....n com c• bat team is presentin g dif f iculties . All ve hicles must be mo ved to the por ts for loa ding on Octobe r 10 and this does not allow sufficient time for waterproo fin g . Actin g upon the pr oble m im~ediate ly , General Clark cal l s in General Gale who inv esti gates . The vehicles will be moved to t he ort in incr ements during the loadin g period , Oct ober 12 to 21 , and waterproo fin g wil .1.be compl eted at t he dockside by British and Am erican persom1el . Dat es of dep ar ture loom close on the cal endar now. Loadin g of American troop and equipment will. soon be started . The Britis h now recom m end that both Generals Clar k and Ei senhower be at Gibr altar by November 4 since t he leading convoy will enter t he Str a its at dusk of November 5 . If weat her conditi ons at that time are adverse , an i mportant decision wil l. have to be made . * �~<-::-OCTOBER 8, 1942-lf-'~ One month from today TORCH eg ins l b One m.nt h f r om today , i f all goes well , t he Second Fr ont will be opened . , American troops wil l be pouring over the beaches in t he Algiers , Oran and Casablanca areas . American parat r oops wi ~l be battling for seizure of t he O ran ai r dromes . Spec i a l Ame i can f orc es wi ll be rus rn ng the harbors of Oran an d Algie rs . r American and Br itish pl anes will be battling to get ller for control of t he air over Nort h Afr ica . The Ameic an Navy pr obab l y will be fi ghtin g of f the Fr ench Navy r somew here in the vic i ni ty of Casablanca . Almost the entire British Home Fleet wil l be in the Me dite r ranean , esco r ting i n the assault f or ces and probab ly bombarding Algie r s and Oran fro m the sea . It wi l l b e f a cin g the combine d efforts of Itali an an d German submarines and warsh i ps and warplanes . One month fro m today , i f all goes well , t errific ef forts wil l be made along pol i tical lines to turn t he French fr om resistance to assistance . British tro ops · will be r ea c. in g themsel ves of f Alg i ers f or a drive as11ore and a r a2 i d push to y beat the Germans into Tuni s i a . Al lied Force Headquarter s wi ll be operating in Gibraltar , inte gr atin g the ef fo r t of t hree ground fo rc e assaults, t hree a i r units and two f leets ; i t wi ll be direct i ng the st r ate gy of t he fi ght . One mo h fro m tod ay A.merc an and Brit i sh lea ders will begin to know if t he nt i Frenc h in North Afr i ca ar e goin g to res i st ; what t he attit ud e of Spain is , and , if the Germans will use the Nor th African attack an d fli ght of .Al.Lied pl an es across Spain as a pretex t to move into Spain f or ai r operati ons , first a gain st G r altar , later against the Nor th Afr ican coa st . ib One month fro m t oday all the hopes and ap pr ehension s of the past th r ee months will be cr ys tallized , pr obabl y wi thin the s hor t span of t wo or three days . One month fro m today ! So much i n the way of plans and pre parations has be en pac ked into the past fe w months . And, so much r emains to be done in the single, vital month that lies ah ead . * LONDO OCTOBER 1942-- The two gene rals who will l ead the two major Ame N, 8, r ican assa ult fo r ces i nside the Me erranean are pr eparin g to join tne ir t ro ops , dit now being alerted in the Rive r Clyde area of Scotland . Both Generals Ryder , co mmande of the Al giers assault force , and General Allen , commander of the 1st r Division that wi l l spearhead the Oran attack , will l ea-v-e London perman entl y over the weekend . A final r eh earsa l, a command po st exercise to test the attacking troops and their aquipment , wi l l be hel d next week . Then t he men will start loa ding f or departure of the assault convoys . \ �( General Ryder is due to leave Sunday . He still has a few more details ta ke care of before he goes north to join his 168th combat tea m and other that will make the Algiers assault . to troops Generals Clark and Eise nhower will go to Scotlan d , probably on October 17, to witness the rehearsal exercises . About 20 officers will go, including Lord Louis Moun tbatten , the comrri .ando or gan izer . Officer obs er v ers will stay wit h certain units throughout the exercises and will submit r eports . Preparing for the future , plans are alrea dy being drafted concernin g what operations should be undertaken in event Frenc h No th Afri ca , inclu ding Tunisia , r is quickly secured . This plan ning is b eing done both by TORCH dquarters and hea membes of the British War Cabinet . General Clark tel l s Colonel Sterling , sec r r etary of the w cabinet , that such pla ns should inclu de operations a gainst ar Sicily, Sardinia and movements f arther to the east in No rth Africa to hit Rommel fro m the r ear . Reaction to the proposal that troops fro m M alta participate in TORCH attackin g Tunisia - -an idea originally by proposed by Pri m M e inister Churchillis not rec e iving favorable reaction f ro m the Briti sh . The Ma lta garrison is not well -traine d in mobil e warfar e ; it lack s tran sp ort ; it could not supply itself f or m ore than seven days after landing . It looks as thou gh this side ~ig ht pha se of the operation may be abandoned . General Browning , hea d of Britis h paratroops, ca lls on General Clark who tells the Britisher that it now l ooks a s if about 400 of his jumpers can go into the t heater about D plus 2 or 3 . The two generals discuss the pos sibility of bringing al l of Bro wning's troops into the the ater . Browning is ea ger for such an enl argement of the plan but the Britis h are enti rel y dependent on the U. S. for air transports . One Britis h grigade grou p is going by s ea and wil l ar r ive at Al giers four days after the initia l a ss ault. It will ca rry a 100 percent reserve of equipment. This wi ll enable s ix succes s iv e parachut e ba tt alion operations to be car r i ed out toward the east in quick succession . General Clark ord ers th at t hree C-47 squad rons be equipped with Britis h type rack s for droppin g paratroop equi pment so the y can be rea dy to start Brow g ' s men forward . G nin ener al Clark stresses a gain and again 11t he great potential im portance of paratroop-airb orne operations in the North Afri _ can t heater . 11 General Clar k in s turcts General Cra i g to ra dio General Arnold, asking for the us e of a squadron of DC-41 s for a li m ited period . If th e se lar ge tran spo rts ca n be obt a in ed the difficult proble m of moving air force ground personn el into the new th eater will be solved . A host of things are deci ded today th at make the success of TORC look m H ore optimistic . The SOE and Secret Operations Br anch of the OSS are transfer red from the political section to the plans and trainin g section s ince the y are coneerned wit h m ilita ry operations , inclu di ng destruction of m ilitar y installati ons, r emoval of enemy person nel , etc . The Briti sh N avy infor ms G eneral Clark t hat it can obtain the nec ess ary naval pe·rs onnel to ef fect th e direct harbor attack at Oran. General Clark starts th e bal l rol ling to war d or ganization of the Ameican r Fift h Army whic h wil l be cr eated after the Afric an theater is es tablishe d . General Clar k alrea dy has in mind sel ection of many of th e key staff men for this new Army. Arr a ngements ar e made to place t he chiefs of vari ous sup pl y services under t he t hea ter staff , inst ea d of under the com a nding general , SOS. U nofficial wor d is r eceived that the Prime Mini ster has approved the . 11Qff ens ive Action Paper • 11 The Briti sh Jo in t Intel.Ligence commit tr1}1I il\~;§~•·'s,tirl'.~y a. that is quite encoura gin g c onc ernin e t he sec:ity of TORCH . * CHE;.J}t i:J: J _:- �( LONDN O O , CTOBER9, 1942-- 0ne of the five fast vessels rushing equipment s hortages to the United Kingdom s o they can fit strai ght in to the KMS convoy 2 has had to return to the United States because of diffi culties . The news br ings conste r nat i on but a check shows t hat the ship , the Thom Pickney , is car r ying as ca r go that can be replaced f rom that coming over aboard other vessels that left the U. S . on October 3 . They are expe cted to arrive in time fo r the K S2 c onvoy . M The Pickney 1 s load includes gasoline and oil f ,r ground and air forces , bombs and ammunition , maintenance supplies an d so m air corps technical e equip m . ent General Fredena l l , who is to take over comman of the Oran Task For ce and d the II Cor ps , ar r ives fr om the States and goes into immediat e confer ence with General Clark . Freden a ll had r ead the out.line plans so General Clark tal ks over wi th the new com:na.ndr some features e of the Cent er Task Force operation . The comm and and staff or ganizati on of the Al l i ed F orce is explaine d . Fredenal~ will move into his II Cor ps -headqua r ter s in Norf olk Hous e tomorro w. The Comr.:ianderin - Chi ef 1 s r egular staff conferen c e is held at noon and it i s brie f er than ever . General Eis enhower reports that he was asked by General M arsha l l t o give him a terse comm ent on the over - al l aspect of TO RCH and he repl i ed "circumstances c ould hardl y be be t ter . 11 The Comma er- in-C hief an nounces nd that because of the va gar ies of weat her he intends to go into Gibr altar four days me ad of D-day . He says t he "Def ensive Action" pap er is al .J..buttoned up and a pproved ; that alternate plans f or attacks against Sar dinia and Libya if TORC develo ps su cce s sful .J.. are now being prepared . Thirty s ets of lou dspeak ers H y wit h half - mile range have been obtained : 20 for the Al giers f orce and 10 for t re Oran attackers . These wil .J.. used t o sh~ i nf ormat i on to the Frenc h as be the assault boats go s horeward . Provisions must b e made to s end alon g at least 30 Americ ans who speak Fren ch . They will be in the init i al assault boats . 1 The best news announced by General Eis enhower is that two squadrons (24 planes) of Navy PBYs will be available at Casablanca for anti - submarine pat r ol in that area . They wil~ come into Casablanca on D y· an d be assign ed to the -da coastal frontier . The que s tion of plane markings has b een settled , All the planes , b omber s , fi ghters , trans ports , carrier - borne , will b e marked with the U. S. insigmia , with the exception of t re Spitfir es assisting the Algi ers force . The need fo r security is again s t r essed and Gener a l Eis enhow point s out er t he troops who wil l parti c ipate in TORCH"have been exhibitin g surprising accur acy in .knowing where they are going , 11 He says more cover will have to be sp r ead in another direction . The Com.--nan - in - Chief i nsists that al l affected officers der ke ep up with the latest "s had in gs " on cover pl ans . He expresses s atisfa cti on at the Joint Intelligence Com i t t e e ' s r eport on c onditi ons in Afr ica and t he Med m iterranean . The report indicates the enemy knows ver y lit t le of TO . RCH Through each of the Comm ander ' s conf erences , General Cl ark sits at G eneral Eisen hower ' s r ight , fillin g him in on t hin gs he has overlooked , expanding on the Conunnder r6 r emarks when he is asked to . The team - work betwe en Generals a Clark and Eis enhower is magnif icent . Each man sup plements the other and s eems to know wnat is on t he oth er ' s mind . The proble m of coordinating t r ansp,ort~t,:i,.on,.f roir. TPRC ha s come up and the r H Comnd er and his d eputy , following a,I◄ " /½lmira l Ramsay , hold a long · ..y!; - }r ._ . /':·'. StG c· ~ -~ �~:,i ET ;F.Cn _:. ( .... .i··.;. ..;, conference at Grosvno r Square . Br itis h and American opinion over here was that shipping and comnnm at i ons i n the M t er r anean sh ould be c oor dinate d to as sure ic edi f ul l use of all facilities and to pr event any confusion. The sug ges ti on f rom London to W ashin gt on was that a nine - member Br itish - Americ an boar d be s et up , to function in Gibr a l t ar fo r tte f irst three months , t hen to move fo r \rar d into t he theater . It woul d b e kno, n as t he Nor t h Afr i ca n Shippin g Board . General M arshal l cables back t hat he thinks a nine - member boa r d wil l b e t oo unwieldy and r ecom·nends t hat a Chief of Transpo r t a tion be set up und ,;: the Commaner - in-Chief . r d This shipping problem is now foremo s t among the many proble m to be settled . It s has been , amcng other t hin gs , one matte r that has been t ivin g Genera~ Clark a few s l eep less ni ghts . Another problem of gre at c onc ern to Gener a l Clark is ke ep i ng the Straits of G braltar i open i n even t Spain enters t he war . He has begun to propose a plan wher eby Br itish t r oops , includ i ng the much discussed Royal M arines , will b e on the a l ert in the United Ki ngdom, r eady to aai l f or an attack on Spani s h M orocco . I f the need ar ose , these tr oops , und er General Clark ' s plan , would rus h into t he region j ust as soon as the tro ops hips takin g t re in i tia l ass au l t f orces t o t ne M ter r anean could be re - loaded . Cont rol of t re Straits edi i s of t he m ost vital importance bec aµse this might be the only route thro ugh which TOR troops c ould CH be sup plied . Plans f or t he f i nal rehearsals in Scotland prior to t re emb kation of ar t r oops for battle are n ow c omplet e . The assaul t forces wil l go thr ou gh t he i r mock war in the Ri v er Clye r e gion ofi October 19 and 20 . Gener a l Clar k goes over the final trainin g plans and s i tu ation maps wit h G ener al Lem tz er . ni Preparations fo r establishment of a Fift h Army in Afr i ca are goin g for ward . The f eel i ng among ot f,er of f icers is that Gener a l Clark wil .i. head t his army but he s ay s nothing , ind i cates nothing . In a l l probability , after the theater is opened and t he operat i on is well under way , Genera l Eis enh ower wil l r eturn to London to devote al l his energies on the European Theater of Operations , perhaps making pre parations for t he openin g o:f a European front . Colo nel Sawbridge , head of Allied Forc e Hea dquarters personnel secti cn, is in stru ct ed to cabl e Washin gton t he perso1mel requi r ements for Fift h Army Headquart er s . They should be read y for sh ip ment to t re th ea ter by November 15 . Reque sts ar e bein g m de for the a entire army headqu arters , l es s heads of secti ons and principal a ssis t ants , to et her wit h ar my tro ops initially req u ire d . As addit i ona l cove r f or TORCH, it will be allow ed t o dis creetl y slip out that G eneral Eisenhower is returnin g t o the United States for conferences . G 2 has su ggested that the Vl r Department send a cable di r ect in g G•· eral Ei senho wer a n to f ~y back to W ashington . This will provi de good cov er fo r the oper ati on; particula rly :for the Com nder - in-C hi ef ' s departure to Gibral t ar . ma Two ot her matters come up to day to cause discomforture: t he sc heduled arrival of units of the 12th Air Force is not be i ng m and Gener al Clark asks et G ener al Doolittle for nf requent r eport s so we won ' t be und er any misa p,!Je hensi ons r concernin g t he strength of our a ir suppo rt. (General Anderson, who ris es t Very so of ten to bec ome a tic kli s h problem , has protested because he was not c onsulte d before a cut was ma.de in the number of offic ~rs and enlisted men of his com,,1a d n who are to be transported by a ir to Gibr a ltar . An, ~~ ~stment i s b eing made . * :~t CREJ •?·'·.s ~,\ ➔, i~:~:,,, ·, . . .. :;,j~ · ~ ~c; ,\l..;Ll~t~~i!."'!ili-~:lii"· 'rlif.\"~~ �( LONDON, OCTOER 10 , 1942-- Gen;~als Cl ar k and Ei senho wer are goin g to put up B a fi ght f or retenti on of the Nort h African Shi ppi ng Board . General Cl ark hol ds a c onfe ren ce wit u General Ga~e , Colonels Philippe , Hamblen a nd St okes an d t he c onsensus is t mt the m .titar y cannot satisfactoril i y cont rol the nece s s ar y Med iterr anea n shipping wi th out assista ice fr om c ivilia n expe rts. General Gale f eels if the pro pos ed board of nin e is not set up it will b e necessar y for t he Britis h si de to establish , i ndepen den tl y , a bod y similar to th at pro pose d by t he AngloAmerican planners i n London . General Cl ar k informs General Eis enh ower t hat he 11b elieves 11we must explain this m ter to Washingt on more ful ly and adhere to our ori ginal reco mm at enda ti on , except for th e possi ble eliminati on of the civili an cha ir man. 11 He orders that a cable a lon g th ese lines be prepared for dispatc h to Washin gt on . l Two hea rte nin g re ports ar e m ade to General Clark to day . General Gale says t he lo gistics problem is straig hte nin g its e lf out nic el y and that he has no new adminis t r ative problems . 11Everyt hi ng , 11 G le tells the Deputy Comm a ander -i n-Chie f, ~ progr essin g wel l. 11 Genera l Ryder , preparing to l eave to join his Easte rn 1s Task Force tro ops and rea dy t hem for sailin g, re port s t~ General Cl ark that he is 11opti m sti c about the su ccess of my operat ion . I expe ct resistance i at the b eac he s and it is not un.tikely that Ger m ans may be met but the ta sk ap ~ears to be in hand . 11 General Ryder is well pleased vrith t he 59th Regi mental Combat Team and predicts it will " give a good account of itself . 11 This outfit is being made rea dy for assault loa din g at Belf as t . Ryder a lso r epor ts t hat U. S. of fi cers who have been des i gnated to give an Ameican a pr,earance and com•r: r and to the British 11th Brigade G p th at will participate rou in the Algi ers assault have join ed the ir comm . Off ic ers f or t he other participatin and g Britis h bri gade , the 56th , are bein g selected . Genera l Cla rk a ppr oves toda y the a pr lication of El l iot t Roos eve lt , son of ( the president , t o take an active part in TORC G, nera l Doolit t le te l ls t he H. gener al that Roosevelt, a l i eutenant c olonel con1,,andin g the 3rd Prioto gra 1- ic Reh c onnaissance Group , has re que ste d such permission and General Spaatz i s agreeabl e . The squa drons of Roose velt ' s unit wi l ~ ope rat e initial .Ly on se mi-i ndep end ent mi ssions . Late r , t he grou p probabl y can operate dir ectl y under t he gr oup c o:n.·.1 r. ande Another off ic er is pulling out in preparation for TORCH and as the days go by the popilation of Norfol k House wil l drop material Jy . This offic er is Colon el Bentley of Transport Aircraft . He i s goin g to Gi braltar toni ght to instruct navi gators of the squadrons t ta t wil l t ransport Americ an and Bri tis h par atro ops . The trans ports tha t will be used to carry Briti sh troo pers are bein g de ii gnated so spe ci al racks for Britis D equipment can be in s talled. Regardin g fli ght of aircraft to the African theat er, General Doolit t le r eport s to General Clark t hat he f eels i t is all r i ght for transport s to f l y over Span i sh territory but tha t it is ina dvis able for fi ght ers to do so , par t i cularly in dayl i ght . The fi ght ers woul d fl y a lon ger route and be staged at Gibr a ltar to avoid possible int er cept i on ov er Spain that might give the .Axis a chance to i ntervene . Dool it t le is to ta ke the pr oblem up wi th Sand ers since it ap pear s ·that the Briti sh air coa~anders are being biven complete latitude as to th e r outes th ey wil l f .ty t o the th eater . ( The 12th Air Force , bein & is havin g or ~an- �izati onal dif f iculties . The fi ghters a nd heavy bombers ar e in cenerally good sha ~e for active opera ti ons but the li ~ and medium bombers are not u p to stren rt .h.t General Clark ord er s that he be gi ven a b i- weekly re p rt and status chart to keep hi m up-to-date on important chan ge s in preparations of t he new air forc e . Al ternate pla ns for Gener a l Ryder ' s Algiers assau l t force are being prepa red . The possibility of lan din g on b eac he s insi de Algi er s harbo r, within r ange of thre e-in ch coa st defense "'1l.ns is bein g cons i dered . Ryder c oncurs in t he plans , but sa y s naval bomardment of the gun pos i ti ons may cause grea t damage t o A~gi ers . General Clark says that i n hi s opi ni on a naval bomb rdment would be undertaken a on.Ly if t he fire of the co astal bat t er i es is effective and he doubt s if it will be effective be f ore dawn. During darkness , Ryder ' s assault forces may be able to silence the Luns f r om the lan d si de . Plans fo r landin , Br it i sh tro ops in Spanis h M orocco in case it is neces r ary ~e discussed . Admira l Ram y is in a[reement but bel ieves certa in minor adjustsa ments must be made . The fin a l i l an must have the approval of the Adm iralt y and the Wa Office . Regardinf naval matters , Admiral Ram y reports he is st udying r sa Admiral Kin[ ' s directive to the Com ~ander - in-C hi ef of th e Atl anti c Fl ee t c once r nin i the task of the We stern Naval Task Force . No wor d has yet been re c eiv ed as to t he pla n for refuelinl the Casablanca nav a l force , under Adm al Hewitt , ir at Gibraltar in case t ha t is necessary . Admiral Bi eri , who ha s just arrived fro m t he U. S ., repo r ts it might be poss i bl e to refu el thi s fle et by incre ments . Set tlement of this pro bl em, sa y s Genera l Clark , "is one of the most i mportan t whi ch has yet t o be made fir m in our plannin g . " Anoth ~r matter t ra t has yet to be decided is explanatio n , to the Frenc h , of the arriv al of Britis h. troops in strength after t he Alg i er s att ac k is complet ed . M . M k is in st ru cted by G ra l Clark to pr epar e this . Arran gement s r ac ene are c om plete for the droppin g of l eaf let s at Algi ers , O n and Casablanca . If ra additiona l l eaflets are t o be dro~ " ed explainin g the arr iv al of Britis a troops, a dditi onal aircraft wi l l hav e to be set up . Bri gadi er Wh itel~ , who has been De:r uty Chief of Staff of t he Alli ed .t< ce 'or hea dquarter s , is bein g relieved of dut y because of illn ess . This fine offi cer is going to make qui te a hol e in t he staff . General Gale i s t ry i n~ to fi nd a replace m ent as soon as pos sibl e . In the ev enin g, C ~nera l Clark entertains 18 gues t s , ol d fri ends a nd mem bers of his 1917 West Poin t class , at hi s flat in Hays M . Hi gh officers ews are someti mes criti cize d for entertaining in ti mes like these but if the cri ti cs c ould see how an inf or mal party r elaxes a man under freat pres sure hour after h our and day after day they would criticiz e no lon ger . For a f ew hours, G eneral Cl ar k is able to f or g- t t he tre m e endous res _onsibilities of his job, and , for getti ng , f res re n himself for tomorrow when he mus t plunfe once more into r ound aft er r ound of i m portant c onf erences and t he pressure of makin g one crucial dec i sion aft er another . * * �LONDN OCT O , OBER11, 1942- - A brief sum ary of t he message President Roose vel t wil l de.l iver to the Frenc h of Nort h Africa at a well - timed point on D-day is r ec ei ved today fro m Vashingt on . The pr esent pl an cal ~s f or the President to deliver it himself , in French . The t ran scripti ons wi ll be broa dcast in Fren ch fro:n the special, powerf ul sho rt wave st ati on now being set up in England . T,1e sum11ay: r "Our nat i ons ar e friends in the best sense of the word and because the continuation of that fri endship is des ir ab~e I want very simply to t e.1.1 you of c om pelling r easons forci ng me to take ac ti 0n . We have ac curate informati on of Axis i nt entions ta occupy your area at a n early date . Ou action i s essentia.l r in the int eres t of defense of both Nort tt and South Americ a . The sole pur pose is to prevent occupation by the Axis and wit h t he hope t hat t he ar ea s conc erned wi~ l not be devas tated by war . Full assurance i s given t hat moves ar e i n no sha e , manner or form di r ect ed against the government or people of your country or its possess ions i n t he area of spe ci al operations . It is believed that your c ountry wises to avo1d Nazi invasion . It has nothing to f ear fr om the United Nations . " Ceneral Clark , in a lon g c onference with General Gruenther and Colonel Holmes , r evie ws to day the entir e subject of 1 sroc l amations, leaflets and bro adcas ts . All agree that the President I s broadcast s nou.ld be in Fr encl:.. and i n his o'l7Ilv oi ce . The fir st transcri ption should be run at H- hour and c ontinue throueh out t he day and lon ger if necessary. General Patton has requested that the broadca st be timed ,·it n Lis attack but it does not apfear f easible since at ta cks at Oran and A.1giers probably vill st art hours before t he Casablanca assault ancl news of the Mediterranean landings will cert ainly be trans r!litted to Casablanca . Under t '. :lse circ umstan ces , General Cl, r k believes no loss of surprise l wil .1.result be cause of the broadca sts . The President i al proclamation also will be dro p ed i n leaflet f orm and posted in the occupied areas as soon as practicable . Thi s lea f let --in addition to anot ner announcing American intentions and bearing pi c tures of t he U. S . flag and Pr esident Roosevelt- - will be dropped throu ghout the ar eas of assault . Another leaflet , whi cn will expalin arrival of British troops in the theater , is now being prepared . It wil.l be dropped when the Br i tis b troo s start landing . M . Murphy, H r olmes rep cr ts , is cert ainly back in Africa by tnis ti me. He is probably at Algiers . }i'iurply has a dire ctive making him the r,ersonal r e.f-Jresentat ive of President Roose vel t until General Eisenhov1er I s arrival in t~1e t heate r . 1,luphy r is authorized to make hi s cont act s with key peopl e in Nor th Afric a at once . It is possible to co.rumm icate wit h him through a special state department c ode . The quest ion of having Mr. Mack, .head of the politi cal se ct ion , go into the tneater is discussed and Holmes believes it would be a serious mistake s ince Frenc , r eac ti on to a Britis ,1 political chief would be bad . Holmes declares that ';1 rp hy , Colonel M u atthews and himse lf can handle the political situation on the ground to better advantage and that Mr. t!ack should r emain in London to take care of the many pol i tical quest ·.ons that wi ll ~ .ave to be settled at t his end . Because of the deli cac y of t his matte r , General Clark suggests t iiat it h e t aken up with the Prime Ministe r at t ne next confer en ce .he holds wit h Generals ClarK and Eisen hower . j �i~~ ''l',,<',: ·:r:"'1,ffl~) ' ( • ·'. !,I... .. '.'. :i~':-t st~R'EI ·.~,-~ ~z.;~ r. ;, t~f-~:•,~ , Another difficulty wit n Gener al Anderson is ar i sing . Anders on propos es to c ommissi on a Mr. Rabino as a Brigadier i n the Britis h .Army and t ake him along as his financial advisor . Colonel Holmes thinks "t here is more to this than meets t he eye . " He sug gests that if Rabino , a fore ign exc riange expert , goe s into the theater that he be assi gned to the theater staff , not Anderson . The problem of movin g Anderson ' s nine of ficers and three en~i sted men to Gi br al t ar by air is being unsnarled . The British General i s now asking that the y be t ranspo rt ed on , as soon as pos sib l e to Alg i ers f r om Gibralta r . General Clark says it is pos sible that Anderson wi l~ be allowed use of one of the two Bl7s whic h are being stationed at Gibraltar for use of the head qua rt ers staff . / Lieut . Col. Raft , com-ander of the 503rd Parachute Batta lio n uhic h will make t he Oran jump, rep rts on progress bein made to pr epa r e t he para. e lu te fo r ce f or partici pati on i n the operation. Ra.ft says there has been l ost motio n in t he training pro gra m an d he is not satisfied wit h t he ability of th e navigato r s assi gned to the tro op tr anspo rts . Howe , Raft is still ver exceedingly jubilant about his t a sk and i s confident the mis s ion can be ca rri ed out su ccessfully . He r eports t hat British paratroops are having dif f ic ulty j umpi ng wi th British pa ra chut ~s fro m U. S . t ra nspo rts . He thinks i t wi ll be necessary , in operati <ns , for the Britis h j umpers to be equipped wi th American chutes . Gener , l Cl ar k rece i ves to day a copy of the order s rel i ev i ng hi m of comiiiand of the II Corps so he can devot e hi s full time to t he tre riendous job of Deputy Com ander - i n-Chie f . ( Literall y hundreds of i ncomin g and out going messa ges are fl owi ng over G eneral Cl.ark ' s de sk ever y day now. W h t he bi g problems settle d , most of the it cable s concern mo e minor t hings . Some of the m are a stoundin g i n· tha t t hey show r to ju st what infinit es i mal ends preparations must be made. What ab ~ut fl ea powder for t he assault and fol ~ow- up forc es ? Ei ghty seven r ai lro ao locomotives and hundr eds gf fl at car s , tankers , box car s have be en set up for use . in the Africa n t heate r i n 1942 . One hundr ed mo e locomotives wi l ~ be sh i pped over in r 1942 . Wha about pigeons to carry mess age s i n ca se of ra dio dif fic ul ties ? Beac h t gui des at every point where Ameri can troop s wi l l assau~t must b e arran ged f or . Think of the care wit h whi ch these guides must be selected ! They wi l .L s how the attackers the best r outes to a ir fields , oil dumps, co .11J. 1Unicati ons c enters , grou nd and ai r gun empla ce ments . One wrongly - pic ked guide could ap~et the sec urity of the entire landing . Code names and phr ases have been wor ked out for eve ry i mpo nt man, both Ameican and Fre nc h, in t he operation . rta r LONDON, OCTOBER , 1942- -Several knotty pro bl ems come up for disc ussion 12 tod ay at t he Commander-in-Chief ' s regular staff conference: wha t to do about Spanis i1 M orocco if Spa in or the Axis atte m pts t o c l ose t he Straits of Gibra l tar; how to refuel the West ern Naval Task Force at G br altar , if necessary; i what should be done if, for in stan ce , t he Al giers forc e is able to at ta ck on D y -da an d the Oran ~orce isn ' t; how to time President Roose ve ~t ' s bro adcast if weather delays the attack; the de ~ic ate tre at ment that must be devoted to civi l ri ghts and what must be done abo ut se iz ure of French arms, and , reports that G erman planes and men are being c oncent r ated , a ppru:: ~n-~ly for, ,.~s-e .in Nort h Africa . ·"'•t,.·REi _,.i' .. �'. r sr-·Rfi i. c · • '"' , •. ~__ ~'!,_?_;, -s:: . _.•_ ... ~.... ·,.,'·' . ( ·t;.; ''- - There is a new face ·~~ \·,'; ~o~ere:ce ~~~· table tod ay . Ge neral Fredenal.L , wno has a s sumed comman of the II Corps and t ae Oran Task Force, sits in for the fir st d time . Miss in g from the conference is General Ryder who has gone to Scotland to join his Al gie rs Task Force . r,ener al Eisen hower opens the conf eren ce wit h the Spain-Spanis h Mo rocco pro blem . ttif t his thin e goes sour , " he says, "a de c ision must come fro m the hi -_:: hest le ve l (Pr esident Roosevelt and Pri me M nister Churchill) i on what we can do . There would be no possibility of us doing something before D plus 25 . Two Britis .1 div isio ns might help us out . I have written General Ismay tellin g birn what we hope to do . I ' m asking t he British to earmark the Royal Ma nes , one old infantry re gri iment and an armored brigade f or use in Spanish M orocco if necessary. The ear li est date t nis force could start movinf fro m t ne United Kingdom to the M editerranean is D plus 16 . " l The Com-nander-in-Chief t hen brings out that General Patton has sent over a "dange ro us document" in whic h he advocates violent action a [ ainst Spanis h Moroeco i n case he is prevented from landin g on the Casablanca coa st . If such a document s houl d fal l into the hands of Spain or the Axis , Eisen hower says, it would be fatal to the operation s in c e the Axis would use it as a fulcrum to pry Spain into t he war or else as a pretext for moving into Spain for an attack on Gibr al tar and North Africa . Such a document, he c ontinues , is at odds with what Presi dent Roose v elt is tel....in g the French people in his broadcast and it is also dir ectly oi,posed t o the North African proclamation ; si gned by tene r al Eisenhower , that is goin g to be dropped on the beaches and pos te d after the lan ding . "We must t uard to t !:e · utmost against suc h documents , 11 says General. Eisenho wer . "No one must go ashore wit h any documents makin g ref erenc e to possible attacks on Spanis n M orocco or Spain or papers t hat are at variance wit h Pr~sident Roosevelt ' s m ssage or the e proclamation . n mo e r looks fl e et 50 at The sec ond problem --ref uel in g of t he Western NavaL Task Force - - results in a optimistic discussion . Admiral Ramsay reports that de s pi t e difficulties it as t hough Admiral Cuniiingham has favorable hopes of refueling the Ameri can at Gibraltar . Corrunodore Dick says he believes t he ships can be ref ueled a time; hence , by in crements , the fleet c ould get its vit al oil. The ques tion of what to do if weather conditions pr event one of the M editerranean Task Forces from landing while the other is fre e to go in , is disposed of in clear terms . "W e'll have to get ashore where we can," says · Cener al Eisen hower . "There can be no waitint for simultaneous attack . By daylight they are going to know that we are l yin t offshore so we 1 11 have to str i ke wherever we can. There ' s always a possibility , you know, that the situation we f orsee will be r ev ersed : that the Casablanca force will be able to l and and neither the Oran or Algiers forces will have the right conditions . " The proble m of timing President Roosevelt's broadcast to the North African French is brought up next . f eneral Clark assured Adm al Ramsay, the inquirer, ir th at the signal system is set up for the most r apid transmission of messages fro m the theater to London . Transcription tables will be turning and the message ready for broadcast when the signal is given . Once the troops start going over t ne sid es to get in their assault boats , word can be flashe d north for the broadcast to start . One of the chief worries is how the agents ashore--principally M r. Murphy-will be able to get in touch with both the Task Force Com ianders and TORCH :r SECRET -<{ ·-~ \'~il!ll~~ �·sEGRE Theadqua rt ers . C-ene al Clu.rk has gone over this problem time and time again with r General 1Aate jka and the last st ages of coordinating signals have been entered . The question of seizure of French weapons is br ought up by General Anderson . He believes it is imperative that as many Fr ench weapons as possible be seized dur i ng the assault phase , no matter what t he French promise to do . General Eisen hower believes the French should be told to "stack your arms ,fl but he instructs Genera l Clark to draw up specif i c conceptions of what should be done regarding French weafons . This discu ssion leads to the delicate problems of re quisitioning property in the theater and deal in g with French civil officials . After l ong disc ussion of the points involved , a more specific di r ective is asked . The Axis activity cable that has caused anxiety came from Was'.ungton . It said : "Reports indicate many ~ermc.n planes , motor vehicles and stores of gas and oil are being moved to Oran , Casablanca and Algiers from Italy and Sicily , Special German air formations are being tra i ned in Italy ready to move on short notice .fl Brigadier Mo ckler-Ferryman decla r es British Intelligence has no reports to sub stantiate this message . He says that agents in the TORCH theater ar e getting jitter y and that they undoubtedly will magnify things until D-day . flYou can expe ct more such scares ," he adds . P..nother r eport , totally unconfirmed , is that the Germans are massing 100, 000 troops on the border on Tunisia . A dee ision is made that troop transports can fl y over Spain at night but that no combat pla nes are to cross Spanish soil. M . Ma says Foreign ~.iiniste r F.c:len r ck has agreed to the transport crossings . r A final "verbal view fl er TORCH ordered for nett Fri day morning . General is Clark is to make preparations for a two-h our C- in - C meeting at which each Comma.nder , Task Force , Air , Naval , etc. , will give a narrativ e account , in front of maps, of what his mission , hi s troop dispositio n and other sali ent goals are . "This ," says General Eisenhower , "will give us a horizontal orientation of the entire roblem . Each of us will know what the other man is planning to do .fl General Clark is to allot the time for each marp.nd make all ar ran gements for the final conf erence . It wil l be the next to last maj or step before troops and Task Force c ominanders sail. The final exercise wil l be a field mq!leuver in Scotland in which all TORCH r oops , except parachute , wi ll par ticipate . Genera ls Clark t and Eisenhower will witness this exercise . On y four of the scores of important :a ers that have been pre ~ar ed by the l Plans and Traininp section of Allied Force Headquarters r emain unfinished and they are being r usl:ied to completion . General Clar k checks them over today ~ith ffi neral e Lemnitzer . They are : A r mistice Terms, detailed SOE instructions for dr . 'urphy , an operation memoa ndum on CO r !ll!11U!liques and a plan for landin , if necessary , part of the V,est ern Task Force in the Nemours area , near O . Four alternative ran plans have been set up for the Patt?n force. 1-- the entire force wil~ go into Gibralta r ; 2--forc e a landing at Nemours; 3--invade Southern Spain, and , 4--attack Spanish '..!oocco . These ar e in the order of preference . r Admiral Bieri of the U. S. Navy conf ers with General Clark conc erning naval command. He says that flall conc er ned fl novr understand that the Commander-in-Chief can command the Feste rn Naval Task Force eithe r directly or throu~h Admiral Cunningham, Naval officers in charge of shore installations wil l be under the Task Force Commanders; but , in naval matters , they may...deal di r ectly wit h Admiral Cunnin gham. s~CR E I �mj:~:; • I ( • • , •• ,:.~_ ET -S~R ~~ E ' 'l .~ .::..W. OT! Special naval operations in the harbors of Oran and Algiers are also brought up . Bieri is critical of the whole pro j ect but General Clark placat es him when he explains this is a 11Trojan Horse " operation , rather than an assault . The destroyers will go into the two harbors in the hours of darkness , run along~ide the principa l docks and place soldier - guards and naval technicans aboard the tied - up vessels to prevent sabotage which, if successful , could make the harbor useless at . a cr itical time . If the destroyers are fired on by coastal batte r ies , they are to retire . ·Another naval problem that has arisen is apparent friction between Admi als r Ramsay and Bennett concerning division of r esponsibility at Oran and concerning the manner in which Ram say has issued insturctions to Bennett . General Clark , strivin g to keep harmony in the household at a tim e when pressure is on and tempers are likely to be short , arranges to straighten the matt er out . ( Following the C-in - C conf erence , f eneral Anderson confers with General Clark . The Br itish com.mande is informed that Allied Headquarte r s will furnish r him air transportation from Gibraltar to Algiers . General Clark also explains that 59 planes , capable of carrying 800 j um pers , will be available to move British paratroops into the theate r. He impresses on Anderson that all air transports in the theat er are under headquarters control and will not be sub - alloted to Task Force Com anders in advance . These vital aircraft m will be on call , ready to f urnish transpo r t for paratroops or airborne troops according to needs . The Deputy Commander also informs Gener al Browning that 59 C-47s of the 64th Air Carrier Group are being eqipped so they can move his Br itish paratroops to the theate r when the time comes . General Cl ark next takes up the prob l em of w it i ng leaflets r that will explain the pr esence of British t r oops in an operation that started as All - American . Mr. M ack believes it will be wise to impress on the North African Fr ench that there is close U. S.- Briti sh col laboration in the TORCH venture . A r eport on the availability of the tank-carryi~ M aracaibos is made by General Oliver . These craft nrust be r eady fo r loading by sundown October 17 in or der to be ready to sail October 21. One M aracaibo , the Bachaquero , now under repair on the Clyde , may not be ready in time unless it is given a priority. Gener al Clark arran ge s this through Lord Louis Mountbatten . A check has also be en made on the M and M -4 -4A tank situati on in th e U nited Kingdom. Seventy four are here and 26 more are scheduled to arrive . These ar e to be turned over to tl-eneral Oliv er ' s 1st Armored Division . The M -3s now at Tid worth should go to the GH battalions , Gener al Clark believes/ Q O ther matt ers disposed of today by General Clark includ e s election of a Jud ge Advocate Gener~l for the Allied Forc es ; (He is Colon el Richmond . ) plans to head the thr ee propaganda ag encies , OSS, O and PWE under Colon el Holmes WI , w will integrate ho preparation of broadca sts and psychological warfare; and plans for the airplane t r ansportation of headquarters personnel to Gibraltar ju st before D-day . An air-courier service between Gibraltar and the Task Forces and between Gibraltar and London is al s o being arranged. * �.. - 31 LONDON, OCTOBER 1942--'i'he highlight 13, of General Clark I s very - busy day is dinner and a conference with Prime Ivtinister Churchill at Number 10 Dovming Street. Very little is said di r ect l y about TORCH but a contributory action--the big attack that General Alexander is starting in the Middle East on October 24 as a partial cover for TORCH is gone into thoroughly . General Jan Smuts , the 72-year-old South African l eader , has just flo'\7!1 in fr om Cairo to report to the Prime !,!nister i on LIGHTFOOTthe offensive operation , General Alexande r is planning , and find out the latest information on TCRCH The . Bri tish will make an all-out attack on the Germans on October 24 . The Germans have dug into the sand and rock in more or less permanent position . The plan cal ls for a frontal assault patterened after the Fi r st World W strategy , first , ar a creeping artill ery barrage ; sec ond , an infantry assault , that should lead to, three, creation of a hole wid e enourh for armored units to get through and fan out . Ceneral Smuts says the attack is all set ; that the British have air and tank superiority over the German Afrika Korps . Smuts reports that the new leader ship , Alexander , is fine and that it has had an electrifying effect on British t r oops in the M iddle East . Every ef fo r t is going to be made in LIGHTFOOT stress the participation to of American troops . The Prime Minister discusses this with Cenerals Clark and Eisenhower . In reality , the case will be misrepresented because American participation will be very minor , mostly bombers . However, all concerned agree that it is essenti al that Nort h Africa f eel that Americans are par ticipatin1 in all operations . It will be a good buildup f or the American TORC landings and also H good cover for TORCH . The Prime Minister reads several highly sec r et documents captured from the Afrika Korps recently . M arshall Rommel is suffering from ulcers and has returned to Germany . The Germans are frantic for more ammunition and food . From the documents it ap pears that the German supply situation is in bad shape . General Clark asks the Prime 11linister if it isn I t possible that these documents were 11 planted 11 but Mr. Churchill says he ' s certain the 1apers are authentic . Other officers at the conference include Sir Alan Brooke , com.na der of the Imperial n General Staff ; Admiral Curu~ingham, the naval comi!'!ande of TORCH anc Brigadier r , reneral Smith , chief of staff of TORCH . The question of who will take over command in case anythihg hap_i.)ensto General Eisonhovzer or if he returns to England comes up . General Brooke says this has never been questioned : "The com ·1and goes to General Clark ." It appears that General Anderson has raised the question on the basis of seniority and has taken the matter up with r11r Churchill. . Discussion of the com. and was designed to clarify the Prime Ministe r on the matter . The question is cleared once and for all . The Deputy Commandr will take over command Anderson ' s jurisdiction e ; is only in the Algiers region and he is under orders of TORCH headquarters . General Clark ·,ould si gn his orders in the name of the Commander-in-Chief . It also appears that General Anderson int ends to send back batt l e reports direct to M . Churchill . r It is pointed out that th i s may give rise to the issuance of separate communiques . Allied Force headquarters is hoping to send the Pri me Minister complete r epor ts for his information but not for use in communiques . Before goin g to the Prime L1inister I s Of.fici .a.l vrith Generals Eisen - �( hower and Smith , General Clark's day is fi lled with conf erences . The most vital one concerns a Britis h- U. S. naval matter . It hin ges around the wording of the di r ective governi!Jil '_ommandrelations c of the TORCH naval co!Thlla.nder with the U. S. Navy. Admiral Bie ri says the provision conc erning command of subsequent North African convoys was inserted deliberately to insure that U. S. Navy vessels would not be divereted from the convoy duties by orders originating with British Admiral Cunningham . Bieri points out that U. S. naval vessels escorting the D-day convoy will be required for the same duty with subsequent convoys . It is important th at these vessels get back to the U nited States as soon as possible so they can start across with another convoy . After Admiral Bie ri leav es , General Clark calls in Commodore Dick who r epor ts that Admiral Cunnin~ham feels that the paragraph referring to his cont r ol over comm and of subsequent convoys should be removed from the directive . Dick r epor ts Admiral Cunningham has no intention of diverting U. S. naval esco rts. As a r esult of these t wo confer ences , General Clark cables Washington r ecommending deletion of the controversial paragraph . The two U. S . Navy PBY squadrons for anti - submarine air patro l are set . They will be based at Casablanca and be under command of the senio r naval of f i cer in the port . But , operationally , the y will be controlled by the Commander in-Chief in Gibraltar . Al l naval di r ect ives are now pr epared and are ready for issue as so cn as Admiral Cunningham clears them . The directive for ~he Coihmander of the W estern Naval Task For ce must go for w ard without unnecessary delay since that f orc e is scheduled to sail fro m the United States October 24 . The proposed armistice terms have been appr oved and they left today for W ashington by special courier . Two new offic ers , both British , re port in today . One is Brigadier C.S. Sugden who is r eplacing Brigadier Whiteley as a De ty Chief of Staff of A~lied Headquarters . Sugden has r ecently been with troops and prior to that he put in 18 months with the Operations-Planning Group at the Bri tish War Office. The second man is Brigadier W dman- Lus!lington , chie f of staff to Lord Louis Mountil batt en. He is going to Gibr altar with TORCH headqua rt ers and will spend the coming week getting oriented in the G-3 section . A disconcerting memorandumwas turned in late tonight by Colonel Hamblen. Three British ships with a capacity of 13,0 00 t r oops have been sunk . All of them were set to be in cluded in K F3 convoy . One was the Duchess of Bedford , one of M the vessels in the trans - Atlanti c convoy that brought headquarters of the II Corps over la st July . Hamb en r eports tnat there are no reserve ships to move l into the convoy . This loss wil l have to be met someway, possibly by overloading of other ships in the convoy or else use of a larg er vessel , such as the Empress of Scotland . * * * LONDONOCTOB"":R 1942--Boxes and barracks , crates and che sts star t moving , 14, out of Norfolk House in an almost steady stream tod ay . Two and a half ton truc ks back their broad butts up to the curb and enlisted men stow away equipment that is starting the long j ourney to the North African theater . The exodus of office rs and men to the ports of loadin [ has started . Officers come into Ceneral Clark 1 s office to say goodbye and , usual1.y , the fare well salutation is "See you i n Oran" or ni.foet you in Algiersn ••• "Goo dbye and good luck . n The i m:ninency of the huge operation is star~iy appar~~~,l~day at the Commander-in-Chief ' s regular conference. The room is cr ~d~ :~ rge st group to k atthe ~.~C~ ~·~~ l_ �~·! 33 .. . ~ --· . ( date sits in on the discussion . The fin al key man on the TORC sta ff has arrived . H He is Admiral Bunningham of the Briti sh Navy who will head TORCH naval opent:bns. He has ju st arrive d fro m Washington where he was a key man on the Combined Chiefs of Staff board . Admi al Cunningham will be at G altar headquar ter s to advise r ibr Comna.nder- in-Chief Eisenho wer and Deputy CO ,ll""-anderClark dur i ng the critical approach and landing phases of TORCH . All arrangements have been made for two major TORCH matters : th e complete "verbal view 11 conference Friday in which each commander will review what plans he is to execute ,- and , the Monday and Tuesday maneuvers of all TORCH troops in Scotland . Field Marshal Smuts , Prime Minister of South Africa , will attend the Friday conference . General Eisenhower impre sse s on all commanders that either they or a c1ualified representative must be at the meeting to present a comprehensive review of the part men un~er their command will play in TORCH.General Clark has the conference details all worked<out . ·After a brief discussion of the Armistice Terms paper that has already been completed and of wor ding of various No rth African pro cla mations , General Eisenho wer asks 11if any of the rest of you have anyth ing to throw into the pot . 11 He nods to Admiral Cunningham but the Naval Com ander r eports that "things are running smoothly . 11 "Anything bothering you? 11 General Eisenhower asks the question all a.ro1.U1d the table . All he gets are ahakes of the head and 11No, sir. 11 The C~in-C turns to G'eneral Gale , head of supply . 11Sur A , 11 says Eisenhower , 11you have something that ' s ly bothering you . 11 Gale shakes his head . 11The ships are being lo aded. W ' r e having e our little troubles up there on the groun d but none of them is big enough to bring up here . " Air M arshal Welsh then reports th at air problems are being solved an d adds that disposition of the t wo U. S. Navy PBY squ adrons at Casablanca for an ti-sub m arine patrol is satisfactory . Admiral Ramsay r ep orts that Admiral Cunningham and he are leaving on a final inspection tour of TORCH naval units . The maneuvers in Scotland are then discussed . The problem wil~ start at 2 : 00 AMMonday and continu e until sometime l ate Tuesday . A special train is taking high-ranking TORCH planners nor th . It will 'leave Sunday morning and r eturn Tuesday . Generals Eisenhower and Clark must r eturn as they have another conference Tuesday night with the Prime M inister . General Lemnitze r has the enti r e maneuver proble m in final for m. Because none of the conferees has vital m atters in - Chief ' s conference lasts onl y s even minutes . to bring up , the Commander Attempting to so l ve the diff iculty caused by the loss yesterday of three British troop vessUs scheduled to sail in KHF 3, General Clark takes up the problem with General Gruenther . The loss of these three ships through enemy action has r educed the available personnel lift below requirements . This shortage , General Clar k says , can be met in part from Britis h sources . He orders preparatio n of a cable in which a r equest for one U. S. Vessel, with a capacity of 3, 500·men , is made. Another shipping problem has arisen: the British ar e a sking for 25 addi tional car o ships per month from the U. S. The M inistry of Wa Transp ort wants r W ashington to r e-examine the cap acity of the U. S. to carr y out what the MVITegards r as an ear lier agreement . Gener als Clark ~~~:'.\:1 1· ,1: \ , -1ie ? )fµtJ. CTu;.~bel Stokes discus I? the ~\:. RET,·< '.SEC ~r, 'l. ) \,, �( drafting of a cable to adJust the Britis li and U. S. difference of opinion . The W Department has again expresse d disapproval of the London group ' s ar plan for the North African Shipping Board . The final decision is left to Genera l Eisenhower so Gener als Clark , Gale and Admi a.ih Ramsay are goi ng to tr y and work r out the best shipping board solution . Prime M iniste r Churchill now believes that American Naval vessels should be with the British Fleet in the Medite r ranean , He sug gests three ships , preferably cruisers . I f this were done , there woul d be naval ships flying the American f la g in the Mediterranean Naval Task For ce and bear out once mo e the "Am ican angle" r er of TORCH The Brit i sh would substitute . three of their ships in the W estern Naval Task Force . General Clark takes up the matte r with Admirals Bieri and Bennett , both of the U.S . N avy . Admiral Bie r i says such a substitution coul d have been made ealier but such a change now would be serious since the use and dispositi on of U. S. naval vessels has been decided . General Clark sug gests the use of three U. S. destroye r s . The matter will. be presented to Admiral K ing in Wa shington . Monetary arrangeme nts fo r the No th African theater have been made• .American r dollars with a special yellow seal and Br itish pounds stamped with "British Military Authority 11 will be used . This will pr event Ger mans f ro m f loodin 6 the count r y with r egul ar Br itis h and American money and will give additional control to prevent black marketing . The Amer ican dollar will be traded in at 75 francs to the dollar and 300 francs to the pound . The political section of Allied Force headquarters is being eliminated , For the most part it has been inco r porated into the G- 3 section since much of its work involves operations . !:! . !.': r urphy is going to head civil affair,s v1ith Colonel l,l t thews as his deputy . M . iv a r 'ack wil l be used as an adv!bsor to both General Eisenhower and ~ . l:1rphy in matters pertaining 'ir u to political and civil affairs , M , afte r a conference with General Clark , is ack going to have the title of "British Civil Li ason Officer . " It appeals to hi m as "being sufficiently vague to cover any f unctions 11 wither General Cl ark or Gener al Eisenhower might want to assign him to . A proposed plan to have General Ander son ' s Eastern Force a ssault Spanish Mo occo appears impossible . Generals Gale and Lemnitzer report to General Clark r they ar e convinced such an oper ation , which was to have been used only in event host i le r eaction in that area , i s impossible logistically because it could not be suppo r ted through t he port of Ceuta i f the Axis air force is based on air fields in Southern Spain . General Clark directs that work on this al ternative plan continue but that the view advanced wmll be given full consideration before · any decision is r eached that will put the plan i nto ef fect . Gener al Gruenther recommends use of the Geneva Red C oss in the field and r General Clark agrees , Both generals favor meticulous adherence to the provisions of the Geneva Conference in the field and General Clark says this same principle shoul d apply to any instructions issued concerning treatment of war prisoners . A story conce r ning the Prime M i ste r seeps out today . During a r ecent in confere nce , the sub j ect of General Eisenhower ' s new doc came up . General Brooke asked what name the dog had been given and Gener al Clark , knowing that the · anima l was f ar fr om housebroken , said : "Ike calls him Paderewski. 11 General Brooke , naturally , asked why and General Clark repl;i.ed : 11He 1 s the pianist of the l ot . 11 Everyone laughed but the Prime .J~ ip.iste · . r d~r ewski. •pianist . Mr. Churchill shook his head . He never did get th~::.:: j f ECR ,.: E . �35 ,;:· ·SECRET ·. .\?:::. ( . - ·' ·::::·\h;. .~-:i:----';,,;;:;;;..:::){ . Today is General Eise~r ·t·s birttfd~ so in the evening his clos es t frien ds throw a birthday party for hi m at 11G 8neral Ike 1 s 11 retreat outsi de London . The piece de r esistanc e of a hilar io us evening is , ac cor ding to General Clark, an American pi~ce of roast be ef , flo vm over fro m the U. S. by one of General Ei s ennower 1 s acq ua i ntance s . M t of General Eisenhower ' s gifts are item s u seful for fiel d wear . os ,,- LO NDON OCTOER 15, 1942- - 0ne of the 11th hour worries of TORCH disposed , B is of to day when Admir.al Cunningha m informs Gener al Clark that t he W estern Nava l Task Force can be re - fueled at Gibr altar . This news allows Gener al Clark to call in Genera ls Grue nther and Lemnitzer an d proceed furt her with dis cussion of alternative plans since some of these hinged on the possibilit y of re-fuelin g this force . Methc<ls of mis - lea ding t ne Axis to aid TORCH are gone over with Brigadie r Mo ckler-Fe r ryman , Colonel Bevin and lliajor Phill.ips . This calls for news to 11l eak ' out 11 that General Eisenhower i s returning to the United States . This 11cov er 11 visit would come ju st at the time TORCH startin g . Bevin proposes that General Eisen is hower 11accept 11 an Armistice Day speaking en gagement in tne U. S . This c ould be announced or allowed to s eep out through di plomatic channels. General Clark goes over the plan and cle ars a cable 'asking Washington to coor dina te any suc h plan . ( The touchy sub ject of closin g t he po.Liti cal se ction and makin g Mr. Mack a liaison of f ic er is gone into again . General Clark is met iculous in tr eating subjects that involve r elati ons between Britis h and American personnel . M . M k as sures the r ac Deputy Commander in - Chief that the arrang_ement as outlined yesterday is perfectly satisfactory to the Britis h Forei gH Office . It has take n diplomatic handling on several occasions to hand.Le per sonnel matters . This type of work - -a djus ting points of difference between Britis h and Americ an officers , settling questions of s eniority and command--has been handled v,i th the greatest car e by G ener a l Clark . The questi on of American medical personne~ for Algiers is adjusted by G eneral Clark after Col one l Corby , senio r U. S . medical offic er of Allie d For ce Headquarters , points out th at no U. S . medic a l ef fi cers are set up to arrive i n Algiers until KM4 The general i nvestigates . and finds th at no medical offic ers , British or Americ an , wil .L go i nto Alg i ers until t he KM4convo y . General Clark , to re medy tlQs , rules that as the need for medical staff officers is foun d to exist at Algiers prior to the sclBduled arrival dat e , they wi l~ be sen t in by a ir . O course , the f assault forces are be i ng accompan ied by medical r,ersonnel ; but none of it is dir ectly fro m headquarters . An even larger group of office r s and men l eav e London today fo r Scotland , eit her to participate in directing the special pr e-T ORCH maneuvers , or e ls e to supervise loading ·;of ships , now un derway chiefly al ong th e River Ciyde . General Cla r k , preparing fo r a long stay in the war zone where g9od dental facilities may not be available , has his teet h checked over and has one filling . He is also being bothered by a sore - -probabl y ringwor m -und er his le ft arm. The only two times he leaves the office today , ex cept for luncheon , i s to make quick trips to the dentist and the medical dispensary . Because ti m is gro wing s hort and e he will not be in London much longe r, General Clark is having Britis h officer lunch with him at his f lat . Today it was General~tt .· ·affi:f U.ajor Carver , an assistant secretary at the Britis ~ 'Wa r * OfficeT. ' ' ~:-~ s· Cu~r E _, . / �t .. , t' SECREi .: LON , OCTOBER DON 16, 1942- 11We ar e now passin g f rom t he abstract to t he con cr ete phase . Our troop and cargo shi ~s are starting to load . Already some naval units are at sea and can be c onsidered as actively particip a tin g in TO . Our RCH plannin g, for the most part , i s done . I want to stress one tnin g : we must alwa ys be a ggressive . If any man, f rom squa d lea der on up , is ever in doubt about making a decision , he can ' t go fa r v.T ong if he alwa y s does the AG GRESSIV thing! " E In a c onc i se but complete talk , General Eisenhower c los . s today a thre e and a half hour TORCH resume conf erence during whi ch 12 force and/or section lea ders outline the part t hey have playe d or wi l l play in TO RCH Fifty - four office r s . crowd the map-f illed conference r oom. As man after man gets up to detail naval plans , assault plans , air plans , administrative plans , etc ., the officers , all key men in the opening of the Second Front , listen intently . There is no discus sion a s eac h man f inis i~s his outline ; only a quick change of m~p boards before t he next officer outlines the assignment of forces under his control. T1- most e impor tant TORCHconference to date is closed by Gener a l Ei s enhower ' s brief but hard hittin g resume . The conference ' s tone is pitched by Field M arshal Jan Christian Smuts , Pri me M inister of South Africa who is the only "outside " off i cer at the m eeting . The vene r able warrior , occasionally pul l in g his Van Dyke beard with his old and dr yskin hands , speaks qui etly and i m~ ressively : ( "I don ' t have to stress to you the rofoun d i m portance of this operation to t he Alli ed cause . On it hinges a turnin g point in t he war . If you are successfu l -and I know you will be successful--you will give heart and coura ge and hope to the Allied nations and to the occupied and oppressed peoples of the world." Talk ing so quiet l y at ti m that the men in the crowded r oom have to l earn forwar d to es catc h what he is sayin g, t ne Field M arshal decl ares that 11des 1 ite what t he Unit ed States ha s done and is doing in the Pacific , this is your great ef i ort and the entire world will be wat c r~ng . Its execution will bring apir eh ension and f ear to the Axis; hope and coura ge to those who are a l li ed, eit ber openl y or s ecr etly , because of pressure and control , with us . 11 Wh Smuts sits down, there i s not a en sound . General Eisen hower , sit t in g at tln.la center of t he confer ence table bet ween Field M arshal . Smuts and G ener a l Clark , cal .J.. on Admiral Ramsay to outline the s Naval Plan . Throu gh use of c liarts , Admiral Ramsay sho c·s the movement of wars hips and convo ·s to the African Theater. The British naval contribution to TO H is tr em RC endo us . He te l ls what naval vessels ar e already underway and lists the por t s at whic h others are preparing fo r the trip to the M editerr anean . W ith pin fla e s he s hows the po s itions of the convoys on various days before D-day , how they all · reac h the Sim.its of Gibraltar on D minus two so the TO RCH warshi ps and t r oo s hips and su ppl y vessels will enter the hazardous ar ea just as darkness falls . Visual ~y , the conferees can s ee the fast and slow convoys advanc e , enter the M te ..:ranean , edi f ient , re-group and then head for their beac h areas . 11For the na vy , " say s Ramsay, "the war has alrea dy starte d . At this mo ent we have fig htin g s hi ps cnr oute to m Gibraltar . " The Britis h Admiral details how submarines will lead the combat lo ad ed ve s sels to withi n five miles of the coast so the men can start loadin g in the assault boat s . Submarines will also for m a a t rol l in g 11wall 11 to war d t he Eastern end of th e M editerr an ean , goin g in a s far a s bet ween Ital y an d Sicil y . Ramsay, havin g tn e pin flag s m oved relentles s l y fo wiµ:d until. tfiey ar e con cent r at ed before fE . .~.~liV: CBU '· --+• I .;,;~_::!i· ,· =. 1 ~' ~, / �31 ( Algiers , Oran and Casablanca , exp1.ains eac h move. He also c over s final stages of the arrival of the Western Naval Ta sk , the All-Americl:l,n Naval force . Details of the assaults of the Eastern , Center and Western land f orces are next explained , r espectively , by Li eutenant General Anderson , Major Gen.r al Fred endall and Bri gadier General Lemnitzer . Anderson stresses the drive he must make to the east "to beat the Boche into Tunisia . 11 The capture of Algi ers is up to the Eastern Assault For ce f or ce that wi ll be led by Major General Ryder . From there on , Anderson will pick it up , driving toward Tunisia with the great est possible speed . Anderson ' s plan is to move most ra ~i dly along the coast so he can capture Bougie , Philippeville and Bone then m ove on Tunis . He asks that eve r y possible aid be given him-- principally motor and ai r transpo r tation . The assault plan for each of the forces is the same, landin gs wiL . be made on three beaches at ea ch point . The f orces wi ll then enci r cle the city , con c entrating first on capture ·of the ai r dromes and the ports . Gener al Fredendall expla i ns minutely the plan for the Oran assault . As he talks , Brigadier General Rooks , points out details on a huge map. The principal assault will be on Arzu beach . Two of the forces will drive for t he principal airport at which t he .Amer ican parat r oops will already have dropped . The paratroo ers have enough supplies t o hold out for 48 hours . 11V' 1 11 relieve them and have cont 1.·ol of the a irport by e t hat time , 11 Freden da ll predi cts . The plan is outlined down to the last detail , includint such items as where road blocks will be laced , how a vital ridge is to be controlled . ( General Lemnitzer , the TORCH , outlines the ,-este rn Task Force job since G-3 all officers of th at force are in t he United States preparing to sail direct to . Afri ca . Seizure of two airpo r ts is the main task here . One important feature of its attack is the use of a sea train . The main assault , in the Sale - Rabat - Port Lyautey area , wi ll be made by the 3rd Divi sion . Lemnitzer outlines what bridges must be secured , what st r ength is anti c ipated . ~ ·The two head air offi cers - -Air Marshal Welsh who will head the Eastern Air For ce operating at .Algiers , and Brigadier General Doolittle who will head the all - Ame ican Air For ce operating at both O an and in the Casablancaarea- - are the r r next to outline thei r pl anes . Both stress one thing : quick seizure of airpo r ts is essential so car r ie r- based aircraft can be relieved and harder - hit t ing ground based planes can enter the combat . At the start , Algiers , being closer to the Ital i an and Ger man Air For ces , wil l have the st r ongest force . Both forces , at the start , will be made up predominantely of fighter planes with a few dive bombers and regular bombers . The ai r strent,th buildup wi ll come after the major ports have been secured and smaller ports enlarged to accomdate bigger plan es . General Gale then g~es over the administrative plans . The shipping situation is ext r emely tight and loss of any ships before TORCH gets underway will mean a shift in plans , Gale says . He goes through the entire plan of supply buildup . By D plus 45 the plan catls for the forces to have 30 days of supplies ; by D plus 90 , 60 days of supplies. Eventually , it is pla nned that the British tro , ps will be supplied from the United Kingdom and t he U. S. troops from the Unite~ States . Since the latter supply line is longer , shortages for the .American troops will be made up from the United Kingdom. I �'38 _.ECRET ( High l y- involved a l te~~e pian~ pr edicated to meet several possible TORCH s ituations involving weather , politi cal moves, etc ., are outlined by General Lem nitzer . The greatest number of alte r na tives has been set up fo r the Wester n Task For ce which is likely to run i nto weather that wil l prevent a West Coast landing . The major factors cont r olling landi~ of this fo r ce will be weather and what at titude is taken by Spain . The Patton fo rc e may lie of f - shore and wait for bett er sur f conditions , it may move· on and land at Gibraltar , it may be ordered to attack Spanish Mo occo , or , even attack southe r n Spain . As to the Eastern Force , it too r may have to at.tack Spanish Morocco . P.nd, a s General Eisenhower later points out , i f everything goes "c omplete l y sour we may have to call . the whole thing of f . 11 Four m en-C olonel Holmes, Mr. Mack, Wir Matthews and General Lemnitzer - . outline the complicated political , civil and subversive activities that have already been made or that are going to be made. All of them stress the 11 politico military 11nature of TORCH;how political maneuvering can infuence the milit ary picture . 1,1ack predicts that the French Navy and coa s tal defenses will resist st r ongly ; that the French army r es i stance will be 11light , 11 and that the French a ir force pr obably will put up very little fight . Matt hews discourse on civil affairs concern tre technicalities of monetary standards , preparation of 11soft 11proclamations depending on the attitude and hard of the North Afri can French , use of an American 11r ont " f or civil c onta cts . f - During the entire presentation , there is not one word of discussion . As the maps are changed , the men si l ent l y mu l over what they have j ust heard . Occasionl a lly , Genera l s Eisenhower and Cla r k whi s per to eac h othe r . Many of the offi cers make notes . When the entire plan has been outl i ned , General Eisenhower walks to the f ront of the cloth - covered conference table , stands in front of the pin and flag studded map boa r ds and says : 11 planning is now nearly completed and we are arriving .at the superviso r y 0ur stage . In this presen t ation two thing s have been r epeatedly stressed : our first object i ves are -- airports and seapo r ts . These are most vital to t he success of the operation and commanders must be guided by this when seeking obj ectives . our You have seen how exceedingly f le..xible plans are . That flexibility must be kept in the minds of a l l commande s . They Iffilst be imbued with the spirit r of the of fensive i They must keep in communication with the next senio r command r , e f r om platoon up , but when independent action is demanded and when there is no time to await orders , bold offensive a ction must be the rule . 11 11 General Eisenhower then pr aises his staff , saying he had been astounded and greatly pleased by the way the Br itish and Americans had worked into TORCH cooper.,. atively and with a minumumof friction despite a difference in staff structure . He tells them he 1 s not only pl eased with them but th at he is proud of them and he beiieves the staff structure is perfect . As the meeting clos es , a feeling is l eft that a new phase of TORCH has sta r ted , that the 11th hour has come and that plans and preparations are complete . Later , General Clar k remarks that he , who,as Deputy Com nder-in-Chief, ma has had every paper cross his desk and who has sat in on.fvery conference , is 11astounded by the scope and immeasity of this thing . It 1 s siz¢' tirid its importance is stagger ing l 11 0 ~}~fC. RlT :1: ff\tG.tlM~i.w" rrr �39 During the afternoon two important conferences . He calls in Major Schofield , commander of the 60th Troop Carrier G oup that will carry r Ameri can parat r oops to Oran . Gener al Clark tells him that it has bee n dec~d that 36 t r ans~ort s wi l~ be used fo r the job and that the s e planes will revert to contro l of the 12th Air Force when the paratroops have jumped . Schof ield is confident his mission can be acconplished successful~y . He adds that he believes he can land his gr oup "without material l oss " sho r tly after the parat r oops have leaped through the transport doors . General Clark also calls in General Doolittle to impress on him that dispatching of planes f rom the United Kingdom to the African theate r after TORCH develops must go through and ap1-roved by Allied Force headquarters . Doolittle is an i ndividua l ist and a che ck-r ei n mus.t always be kept on him . Col onel Duncan , who com.'18.nds the group of B-1 7s that wil fly headquarte r s offi cers to Gib r altar , is br ought in to see General Clark . Duncan recom.,,ends a daylight flight starting at 1000 f rom southwest Cor nwall . The flight dovm of six· bombers would be in fo r mation , fo r added security , and would arrive shortly before dark of the same day , te ntativeJ_y set fo r D minus 6 . Four of the Flying Fortresses will r eturn the following day to Engl and while two , with outstanding combat crews , wi l l r emain at Gibr a l tar fo r headquarters use or else for combat missions i f r equi r ed . Duncan is apr,rehensive least the ar rival of the hea·,;;quarters staff at the R. A.F . fieJ.cl in Cor nwal l would result in too much publicity . General Clark assures him steps will be taken to c onceal identities . The i nsignia of Genera.ls Clark and Eisenhower and other t op- rank i ng offi cer s wi ll be concealed . ~iv * LO NDON OCTOBIB , 17, 1942-- General Clark is goin,; to ./1.fi ca immediately to r confer with high French leaders , probably General Gir aud and GeneraJ. ·1ast , and , possib.Ly Ad '1iral Darlan ! Tl1is sensational development c o !es ov ernight and it may clia.nge t.:.e entire aspect of TORCH If negotiat10ns . go right , our troops may enter No th Africa r itnout op,1-osition , or , wit •. opJ.,osition from only the French fleet and the coastal bat t er i es . Ev erything hinges on t11e Clark-French confere1ces . Chronologically , tuis is what hap,ens during the day : ~r.._y tr1is morning a cable is received f r om -:asilington . Mr. l',h.tr!-ny wio is , now bacK in Al.,:iers , has conferred wi t11 Frenc.i Army leaders, has told the,.t an Americ an .J..a.nding in Frenc~1 North Afri ca i s planned and , after explaining a..t.J_ we want is to get at the Axis and that we have no designs a__,ainst the French, asks the leader,:; if t, ey \ ould like to confer conceraing entra ,ce of A :::ricc...ntroo,r1s into L,.eir arfla. They say they would so h.trphy got in toucl-:i witn Vashington wnich, in turn , cabled Lonlon . ( Arrival of the cable results in a three and a half hour conference between 1 Genera.ls Eisenhower and Clark and other high-ranking officers of the TORCr staff . 11 T 1c cable fro-n Washington states that a "senior genera..L offic-c:r shou~d c ,,.,duct tne tickJ_ist negotiations . General Clark volunteers and General Eisenho er tells him that the tremendous and difficult job is in his ;~ands. V'ith w11.om Gene""a Clark ; wiJ. negotiate is not k.1ov'Il yet . Dar .J..a.n co-nma.nder in-c def of the Fre.1c armed , · forces , 1ay fly from Vic11.yto Algiers for the conference . General Giraud, hea· of -<'..Frenc gr'11.llldforces in Africa , is already there • ~ .13 thlrd man, . who probably will .1 1 .· E · CRE, �---. ~.-CRET ' i" • be present at the rendezvous v,hether the c .ief confere e is Darlan or Giraud , or botfJ. , is :ajor General ·:a.st , c i.ef of staff of the Frenc:, 19t;, Ar:ny Corps and tne key man in developing French c oL.aboration with the United States . He is also a key man in organizing Frenc1 military and political col.aboration in French Afri ca . General Clark is to hav q wide latitude in dealing with the French . Because Darlan has changed lais co l ors so many tit1es , there is mistrust anc1 General Cl ark is to deal with Giraud if he is in doubt . The entire dealing wil~ take extreme diplomacy . If Darlan and Giraud op~ose each other , Gener~l Cl .rk is to dea.l '7ith Gir aud . However , Darlan has c ont rol of the Frenc;1 navy and the potentcy of this force mus t be re ckoned wi t~ , hence , Darlan must be handled v1it'.1 extreme care . All these , and kindred matters , are gone into minutely during the ~ong conference that lasts throu ghou t the ~or ning . Similar urgent c onferences ar e being held in Washin gton , ,, it President Ro,.sevelt , Admira~ Lea.w an,.. Gen ~ral farsha::...1 r--ert ici:p "" tint:; , a"ld in London , between t he Pri:ne ~:ti ister n and his po.liti cal and mi.iitar y advisors . 1'hen General Clark busts back into his ~or folk ~ouse of fice he starts gener at i ng action . !for .hf ' s cable sti!Jlllated that the conferrin g U. S . · _eneral shoul,· be accoipanied by one man th orou ghly familiar wita details of the O.!:--'eration, one supply man, one navy man and one political expert who can speak Fre nc h fluently . Generdl Clark decides to take General Lemnitzer , head of the Al~iea Force ~-ns section; Colonel Hamblen , the sh i pping and sup 1 ly expert; Ca tain Wrig.1t of the U. S . Navy w .o ~1as been a navy liaison man since TORCB: was started , and Colone- Hol:ies , a former state department career office ~ v,,ho now heads the civi l - po.litical branc,1es of TO:l.C'T These four men confer with General Clark until . late afternoon, plo.nning their strategy , their hazardous entrance to Algeria and how thej" rill rendezvous with .fu.rphy , Mast , Giraud and possibly Darlan . The five officers ..-vilL fly to Gibraltar in t wo F J.yin~ Fortress!:s . T11en t~1ey , probably wil go to the Algerian coo.st in a Pritis 1 submarine . From this t'1ey will go as,or' at nieht in a small boat and rendezvous at some spot not-yet-desienated ,~it '1 'Iurph'' and the party he is bringing. This entire development has a bizar e touc ':1 that out - Oppenheim I s Oppenheim ! Hi'-'hly secret cables are pas ing bet-~ePn Lonclon and Washington by late af t ernoon when General Clark hurries to Number 10 Downing Street for a h stily -called meeting of 11tr Churchill ' s cabin et . At this . meetine , the Pri 1e Minister , Generals Eisen .•ower and Clark and the Bri tis~ cabinet and mi~itary and naval lea~ers go ov r the ent ire plan . Fvery man sees this confercmce as an opportunity to execute TORCHwit h a minimum loss . Newsi-la1,ers today re~ ~rt erori!\., unrest in France and the entirA confer ence and o:Aration may come at a VPry propitious time . The li v es of thousands upon thousands of soldiers , the continued use of scores of British and American warships and hunrreds upon hundreds of planes , the success of TO CH and the future conduct of the war , the start of the doYmfall of the ~azis anc' the Fascists - -all these thin gs and myr iads of inter - re "e.ted subjects could weL 1:.inge on this Algerian rendezvous t1:at Ge1,eral Clar is .,.oin 6 to nIB.ke. 0 0 As the Prime Mini., ter ' s conference breaks ui:, Mr. Churchil.1. tur .'ls to General Clark and sa~·s slowlJ : "Ynu can al~-ays kee1 in minr , C...e.rk, th ut e 1 1::... back you u in whatever you co." Sol -mly , the Britis: Prir. e llin i ster then shakes hand with the lanky, black-haired Al'TlPrican ['.Pne1·E.l vtl"o has suddenly been £)laced in one of the most crucial srots of the war . 1 Back at the off ice , General Clark sets u transportation �YI .'_:_:': .. ' '.. f \ ' . ':~:}\E,( r'.f'IJ, ,,;~ ....,. ·.~E·P. . ( ·t" ·• M•~ . ·ff:;T,'/....,. E '1! '.> to Algeria . If th e w at her i~-,.., ~~af/ •tfi'e'• i iies , ill take off s ometi l'le toni eht . J V. h the four men who are to accompany him , Gener a l Clark pores over inco min g and it outgoin g cables . Replies to W hington must be drafte d wit i infinite as care since one word in a cable di scussin i:: how negoti at ions are :to be handl ed may chanee t he entire t hought of the m ace . ','it h Ca ptain Tri e'1t, "' ess -eneral Clark goe s over t he submarin e set-up . It is a lmost dark when General Cla rk return s to 1: s Hays i,1ew flat. i s Bags must be pac ked . Eac h man in the part y is taking bot h military and civili an clot hes . Five carbines and 40 0 roun ds of 30 caliber ammunition is obtain ed so ea ch m , ill be an ar ,ned . Frenc ;:1Nort h African francs and gold pi eces are sec ured by the finance depart m . General Clark is akin g not on ~y enough money for the pers onal u se of th e ent five men, but also enou eh to buy of f lea cer s if neces sar y and to buy their way out in case they fal l into a trap. In the space of a fe w h ours the s e eventu al i t ies must be pre pared for . Hi gh strung and preoccupied by t 11e hazard ous mi ssion he is to under t ake, Gene.cal Cla rk is unable to relax at h i s fla t s o he drives to Gener & Ei se nh ower I s l country place to carry on furt l1 di s cus s ions . La t er in the eveni ~ , the Air C r~s er re pcrts th at a takeoff durin g the ni ght wi l l be impos s ible; that the fli ght from London to Gibraltar probably won ' t start until l ate to m orrow , or , pos s ibly, M onday morni nc . This is the gist ( of M J,hy ' s cable: ur Vlhen he returned to Algiers , th e head of French intel l ig ence , asked for a secret intervie w. It to ok place at an isolate d s pot . The Frenc h ha d be ·n instructed 7 by Darlan to contac t M phy upon his r eturn from the U. S. Both Ger man and Japanese ur sources have rep orted to the Fren ch that the U. S . is plan ning ear ~y mi1-tary operi ations against Dakar an d/or Casablanca . The Germans have ur ged t he French t o ta ke "eve r y pr ecat.tion" a gainst t his and the Frenc h fe e l this ma c onstitute y a pretext for Axis occupat _on of Frenc h Nor.th Africa . The Frenc h '"enera l staf f is c onvince d of 11im:::n ,:- t 11 Axis a ggr ession in th ,.__ i n region . 11The German s , 11 cabl es i,fu. phy, 11ap: ear r deter mine d t o settle the W estern ;,1editerrane an issue durin g t he c oming weeks , and wi l l have the u s e of Spanis L mainl and an d Spanis h M orocco for t hi s purpose . Gibraltar is under consta nt survei l lance ••• In French opinion defi nite action is not a questi on of weeks but days . '' i.~rp hy rei,nrts the Fr ench politic al situation u is 11extr eme 1y 11 delicate and a collapse may be expected in as little as te n days . "Accordirgl. y , 11 M phy continues , 11Darlan is face d wit Lt a de c i sion ... It a pea r s ur he wil_ L b e willin ,.::t o come to Africa and bring v.it r hi m the Fre nc l. fleet if he , as cor-1ander-in - c hi ef of the Fre nch armed forces can be a s sured of U. S. ability r and willingn e ss t o SUI}Jy l arge sca l e aid , both materi al and econo mic . W i suc h an J l it indic ation , t he1e is strong possibility that D arlan coul d coope r at e , in whic h ca ::; e t he mi.L tar y and nava l forces in Fr enc h Africa wi L,. undoubtedl y obey his comm . 11 i and The French intel 1. gence officers i were sent to M iiri:,hy "for the ,sole purpos e of a dvising me that I may possibl~ re ceive a messa ge from Darlan in Algiers. There is no question that the situation in Fr enc h North Afr ic a is m oving fa st . Inform ation indicates t he Axis have massed ab out 100 , 000 troo 1-• a l ong the Tunisia n fronti er •• 11 s M phy requests imme ate advice 11as to limits I may go in r eplyin e to Dar lan I s ur di repr e s entative who desires to knon : 1- - Are we wit l D arlan? and will~rtera~ !t~c e �( 2-If so , will we be able to do so quickly and on a large sc ale here and/or in Europe? 11 Murphy recommends 11that we encourage Darlan on the basis of securin g his eventual cooperation with Gir aud, •• Dar ian is expected here next week . 11 Murpl:).ysays that General Mast has told him that General Giraud 11desires that he be dea lt wi th instead of Dar lan , who he feels cannot be trusted , but is extremely desi r ous of c l imbing on the band wagon . 11 Mast sa ys the army is loyal to and will be comm anded by Gi raud instead of Darlan; also , that the navy in French North Afri ca would go along with the army . A er his talk with Mast , Murphy transmits f't Mast ' s request for 11i mmediate di spat c h of f i ve American offic er s from Eisen..1-io 1 s wer staff to meet a s imilar number of French officers on October 21 , at a }Oint 150 ki l ometer s west of Algiers . One of these officers is to be a gener a l officer • •Their arrival should be by submarine at night , for a stay of 48 hours in a private house , 11 Mast su ggests the possibility of in c or porating in TORCH tl,e occupation of s ome part of unoccupied France by the French army is they can be supplied by the United States . 0 enerals Clark and Eisennm er went into this proposal today and al thou h it a1 }'ears impossible for the U. S. to su pi,l y i t , a plan is proposed vrhereby three sh i ploads of suppli es would be shippe d by the Britis h . Cab.1. General Marshall es regarding the party lead by General Clark : 11From infonation available here , it wou.1.d seem advisable to dispatch the group of officers from your staff by submarine if possible a s this may result in confi r ming to your satisfaction the Frenc n propos als . 11 ( The question of comman in Fren ch North Africa naturally d comes up and Mast insists that it is politi cal and must be settled in advance . Conferees here think the top Fr enchman, probably Giraud , cou ld be made a Deputy Com nder - in-Chief , Says ma M urphy by cable : n:ir st asserts we can gain entry practica.1.ly without firing a shot a through Giraud ' s com.rnand Mast also stated that Giraud insists . that embassy at Vichy , l~gation at Berne and other possible contacts b e issued instructions that negotiations with Giraud will be routed thr ough other channels , since Giraud wishes to continue his contacts with the U. S. through Mast in Algiers for rea sons of safety .n To get Giraud from Fr ance to North Afri ca , it i s sug gested t hat an American submarine pick Giraud and his party at night on the French Mediterranean c oast . * POLBROOK , ENGLANDOCTOBER 1042--G ener al Clark and his f our key officers , 18, are ready for departure to t he Algerian r endezvous . They arrive at this American bomber base , 73 miles northwest of London, at dusk , prepared to ta ke off whenever the weathe r i s r i ght . J The r endezvous is to take place 15 miles west of Cherchel , Algeria , about i5o kilomete r s west of Al giers . The cable l ocal i zing the rendezvous is fantastic . General Clark will meet the party being brought to the rendezvous by M urphy at an isolated hous e back fr om t he beach . The submar ine t hat will carry General Clark from Gibraltar to the Algi erian coast wi ll approa ch the shore by a b eam throvm by a l ight that cannot be seen f rom the landside . General Clark and his party will go ashore in smal .1. boats i f the weather is pr act ic able . I f not , the rendezvous m ght be held aboard the i submarine of a French war ship . Prime M inister Churchill has arranged it so General Cla r k can have two Sunderland Fly i ng Boats at his disposal if he needs them . I General Cla r k spends the morning General Lemnitze r, Captain W ght and ri �Y3 ( ~ they go over t he plans and huddle _ the woril.:i,;µgof cabl egr ams. Gener al Ei s enon hower depa r ted at 8 : 50 Al~for S66tlan d and th e TOR tro op maneuver s . Nothi ng was CH changed in th e nort hern tri p plans s o onl y a f ew offic er s know t hat Gener al Clar k di d not go; that, in st ead, he is goin g on a hi ghl y s ecr et m ission . By l :ee PM everythin g is cle aned up and t he general goes to his flat to finish hi s scant y pac kin g , writ e his wif e a lett er to be deliv er ed onl y in case he doe s not r eturn ? and arran ge final pers onal det ails of his departure . Cabl es have b een r eceiv ed ' fro m W hin gton sa yin g that 11Agr ee 11 (the code word for Gener al Clar k ) is to proas ce ed wit h his mission . His instructions ar e bri ef, the approac h and confe re nc e with t he Fr ench bein g lef t l ar gel y to his discretion . Time . and time a gain as he does la st-minute things befor e l eaving, General Clar k r em ks : 11'fhis i s f antas t ic--ar r eally fant a sticl" Genera l Clar k and his party depart fr om London in t wo auto m il es at 3 :42 PM ob and arriv e at Polbrook ju s t b efo re dark . Because his i dentity s nould r emain s ecr et , t he ge ner a l t akes alon g lieutenant colon el 1 s · silv er le aves whic h he wi ll be wearin g upon his ar r iv a l at Gibr a ltar . The party is t aken to Air Corps Offic er s' bar r acks for quart ering unti l departur e time, expe ct ed someti me durin g th e ni ght . The weath er i s stil l clou dy . For s ecuri ty rea s ons, the gene r al and his part y eat at a smal l , mome private m ess hal l . The t wo planes are r eady on the fiel d, mere l y awai t ing weat her cl earanc e . ,General Clar k and Colon el H amblen wil l travel to gethe r in the "Red Grem " with Colon el Tib bits as pilot. lin G ener al Lemnitz er , Captain W ght and ri Col onel Ho.:hm wil l tr avel in t he second plan e , th e 11Boom es erang." * * BY FLYINGFORTRESS GIBRAL , OCTOBER 1942-- The two Fl yi ng For tresses TO TAR 19, take off f r om Poleb r ook at 7: 10 AM Pr i or to start of the f light , Gener al Cla r k . l ays down a pol i cy of ac tio n . I f Genera l Clark ' s plane is f orc ed back , must land at s ea or otherw is e de l ayed , Gener a l Lemn tze r , ri din g in the other plane , wil l i cont i nue on t he missio n. U nder no ci rcwnstance is ei t her pla ne to la nd i n Spain or Port ugal . General Lemn t zer i s carr ying a wei ghted tube containing al l the i highly se cre t documents necessary i n this f antasti c m ssion . i The two planes , car rying f ul l combat crews in addition to the specia l passenge r s , nose into an overcast at 600 f eet and fly in it f or half an hour befo r e they come out above the cl oud strat a. After flying above the clouds for three hours , t he weather becomes cl ear and noon and the two planes are over the sea . The "Red Gremli n , 11 car rying Gener al Cla r k , l eads the "Boomerang." Only one ship is seen , a smal l sailing vessel s omewhere off Portugal . The planes sigh t l and at 1 : 50 P:'11 and it r em ains in sight unti l about 5 :1 5 when the peninsud.a of Gibraltar comes into view . As the planes ci r cle Gibr altar , Spitfires come up to look the Flying For tresses over . Captain ·: . S. Connors , pi l oting the "Boomerang, 11 goes in , first , landing at 5 : 50 Pi.i. General Cla r k ' s plane lands at 5 : 56 PU: On the trip . down the office r s rode in the radio compar tments and bombardiers ' seats . As usual , General Clark spends quite some t i me in the co- pilot ' s seat . Both planes need the full length of the Gibr altar airpo r t r unv;ays • The party is met by Colonels Willis and Gaylord of the U. S. ~y Air For ce and the aide to General -'A ason-i'llacFar l ane , governor of Gibr al tar . The party goes immed ately to Governor' s House and , after cleaning up, the i general meets with Governor H Far l ane and hi s advisors . No v10 d has been r ec eived ac r f rom Mr. Murphy concerning the details of the r endezvous . General Clark , eager to push on with the mission , is disappointed . The P, General Cl ark ' s eStECRt f �.. . ( party , General MacFarlane and his group conference , dis cussing all angles of the Lieutenant Je wel , skippe r of the P- 219 , Clark party to its sea-ed ge rendezvous , w hether to pr oceed accor di ng to pl an or decided to put to sea ! and U. S . SOE and OSS officials , go into hazardous miss i on to North Afri ca. the British submarine th at will take the is pr esent . Discussion cent ers around whether to await word from lvfuphy . It is r The group goes by automobiles to the berth of HMSMa idstone, submarine depot ship , for dinner . The fol lowing message is dispatched to Wrurphy via Lieutenant , Colonel Eddy in Tangiers : "To Eddy (most immediate) . a . Refe r enc.e Murphy' s r ecent messages to Y;a~ Department , Washington , please adv i se Nlu phy most im1ediately that X and fo r staff officers as re quested by him intend to rendezvous at point fixed on ni ht Wednesday 21 O ober . b . Reception party should the refore be at rendezvous f ct 2100 hours GMTand be pr epared rema in there till dawn 22nd . c . In event weat r pr events landin g on night 21-22 r equest Mu phy arrange alter-native r plan to conduct conference aboard submarine at time and plac e to be determined by l1iurphy and be cdm~uni cated to X (General Clark) via Gibralta r. d . If neither plan operates on night 21- 22 landing party will attempt landing on night 22- 23 ••• 11 After dinner aboard the r.1aidstone with various British and Ameican officials , r General Clark ' s party boards the P-2 19 with Lieutenant Jewell. The ship gets away i m1edia te ly , at 10 : 15 PM Gibr iUtar Time • The party turns in early . * ABOARD SUBMARINE n IN ,IBDITERR.ANEAN , OCTOBER , 1942-The P-219 sails on the 20 surface . Pre aring for the ordeals that lie ahead , General Clark and his four officers sleep unt:i.l 8 :30 AM In turns ; members' of the party go on deck . The sea . is smooth , the weather fine . The P- 219 steers a zig - zag course to prevent hostile submarines ' fr om firin g torpedoes at it . At 3 :1 5 Pl:! a conference is he_ld to discuss plans for boat rehearsals and landings. Three Commandoofficers , familiar with the little Falbot boats that General Clark and his party will go ashore in , are aboard the submarine . General Clark and his officers , the commandos and the ship ' s officers participate in the conference . The general plan concerning use of arms (ca rbines and Tommyguns) , action ashore , reconnaissance and signals is gone over . The subJ!l8.rine will go as close in-shore as possible and survey the beach with the periscope} Not a word has been receiv ed fro m Gibraltar by the P-219 . Ap1 .arently nothing has ·been heard from Murphy. General Clark and his officers are. eagerly awaiting word . To pass the time , they play bridge in the cramped submarine. At ~: 30 P1A Lieutenant Jewell stops the submarine and the officers who are 1 going ashore rehearse , ih the middle of the Mediterranean , disembarkation from the rol1ing'submarine . Colonel Holnes and Captain Livingstone launch their Falbot first . They paddle noislessly away into the night . From a distance of several hundred yards they try out the infra-red signal light , sending a message from the Falbot to the submarine . The light cannot be seen by the naked eye but with the proper kind of unocular it is visible . This signal is to be used later when the party gets on the beach . It works perfectly and Hofu~es and Linin gstone return to the sub • .SECRET ~ �( ··sEcR - EJ General Lemnitzer and Li~t\te ~~ t, ·Foot e ~ke the next trip . Although this is practice , it isn ' t a 11dry run . 11 The se cond Falbot takes a litt l e water as General Lemnitze fends it off the gun pl at f or m dur ing a high sr.ell . Both men get ~et but stay in the canvas boat . Col onel Hamb en and Captain Y' igh t test the i r Falboat l r out satis f actorily . General Clu.rk and Capt a in Cour tney go last . They make their lau nch i ng smoothly . Courtney is an expert on these boats and has inst r ucted the group r epeated l y on the corr ect ,nay to get into the pre carious lit,le boats . 11over -t he-siden V!ith the mid- :foditerranean exercises: completed , the group goes belo, .. and the P-219 pushes on again . · Soon the men ar e as l eep , the sub moving steadily through a smooth , slight l y moo da led sea . At 6 : 20 Aii the K ,rnns sound :f, I nla and the submari ne , now near i ng the No th African shore , di ves . There is still r no wor d f r om Gibr altar . Y'ha the hell? r-eneral Clar k and th r ee of his officers play t br i dge dur ing t he mo ning as the submar ine nos es s l ow y al ong under the :Jedi te rr l r anean . The air gets rathe r v.ar m and oxygen-l ess . The men, par ticula r ly the army men, f eel dopey . The submarine , by" · · rnoon , i s off the rendezvous point . Lieut enant Jewell t akes the vesse l up so the par ty can look at the r ende zvous house thr ough t he periscope . There is no sign of l i f e l The house is a chateau - type . The \ sub is a m e and a half of f - shor e . The sea is st i ll smoot h and the weather fine and il warm. The depty guage shov:rs 32 feet submerge nce . GeneJ ."al Cl ar k and the othe r of ficers peek through the per i sc ope . Fi r st it is ane l ed up so the sky can be scanned f or planes , then i t is swung ar ound the hor izon fo r ships , fina l ly , i t is concentr ated on the r endezvous house . A te r a fe~ seconds of peeking , the sub drops a f l ittle , then the periscope breaks wate r again and another quick peek t taken . The crew makes sket ches of the beach . Hnabl e to sight any unusual activity , the submarine , stiE . v:-e l unde .,..water , l sneaks a'\7ay to sea again . It goes out ten miles , the Lieute nant Jewel l turns it ar ound at 4 : 30 P:.~ and proceeds sl owly toward shore . The periscope is 1,ut up every f ew minut es f or obse r vation . A l ate l unch of canned tongu , be ets , breL.d and fresh tomatoes is eaten . Then the gr ou~ that .. i l l go ashore shaves fo r the f i r st time since Monday mo ing . The army men, wit h st ubb l y be ar ds , almost l ook l ike th e P-2 19 rn cr ew .. hi ch spo r ts a l ot of f ine gr owths . Prepa r ing to go as l-J. " and ant i cipa t ing a or message from :forphy , the nmsette bags ar e r e- packed fo r landing . The f ol lowing message fi na ll y i s sent to the submarine fr om Gi br alta r : "Most secret and pers onal . From Flag Offi cer Corn anding North Atlanti c Stat i on . Info r mation P r ecei ved tha t mAetin ::-cannot take place on poar d su1k:a:-· ne,..,or ·siufo.ce vesse l but ~must ± t ate . place- as i:, ev i ously arranged . Your par t i es v;ere orig i na l ly exp8cted ni ght Octobe r r 20- 21 up to 0500G . I f not conta cted the n you woul d be exfe c ted on night 23rd . :5 :.IT y part two f oll ows: Par t Two: The interested parties have been i nforme d to expect you night 21- 22 as well and t hat if no contac t made to expect you might 22- 23 . Y;m should < assume the r efo r e that you are expec t ed to nigh t and tomorrow ni ght . " ( Gener al Clark gathe r s hi s me i n t he restri cted conf ines of the submar ine and n out lines the f ollowing pl an fo r t r oubl e asho r e . On sa f e ar r i va l asho r e , the party wil l turn of f the white toward - the - se a li ght that is to guide them in . They will st art it r e-f lashing early Thursday mo ning if they wish to re-emba r k . The submarine r wil l st and of f f r om the bPach , di r ect l y i n f r ont of the house , al l night of the 2122 and 2?- 23 . If no r adio communication is established and no word r eceived fr om shor e , the submarine .will take a station five mil es off Fountain e de Geni e at daylight Saturda y until Sunday mo ning . If stil~ no wor d is r eceived , it will ret urn r to Gibr alta r . �( General Lemnitzer resistributes the gold so that each of the three Commandos has 2 , 000 francs, three $10 and three ~5 gold pieces . General Clark and his four ~ staff officers carry large amounts of gold . The submarine again approaches the ' shore line, g0ing in within two miles but still no signal light appears ! There is now considerable doubt and ar,prehension about the r ende zvous . The group considers whethe r to land despite the absence of a signal li ght but this is finally r ejected . After waiting offshore until 10 : 50 PM the submarine is turned about and , hea~s s~award a gain . General Clar!. turns in, believing theJe will be no landing tonight (Wednesday) . About 11 : 50 AMhe is awakened by ship ' s officer who tell him that a light is now showing at the rendezvous point and that the submarine has turned again and is headed for shore . There is much activity as the eight shore - J'--\ bound officers dress , prepare their kits and get the ~oats on deck through the torpedoe hatch . By midnight , the submarine has stopped and the men and their four boats are ready to debark . * * * ,,~ SECRPTREND~ZVOUS, N'lARCHERCHELALGERIA OCTOBER ~~42--The P- 219 has , , 21[ stopped two miles from the Algerian shore . Captain Livingstone and Colon el Holmes launch their Falbot successfully despite heavy swells . They paddle 50 yards away from the submarine and wait . Genera l Lenmitzer and ,Lieutenant Foot are next . Just after th ey clamber into the Falbot , a swell forces the littl e boat under the hydroplane and the two officers narrowly avert capsi zin g . They paddle out and wait with Livingstone and Holmes . Captain W ght and Colonel Hamblen then embark ri without difficulty . General Clark gets into the Falbot without difficulty but Captain Courtney , who has instructed everyone on how to get into a Falbot without di ffic ulty , gets tangled up with the boat and hydroplane and the Falbot capsizes . General Clark orders Colonel Hamblen to return to the submarine and the Deputy Commander-in-Chief boards Captain V' ght I s Falbot . Courtney , chagrined and ri soaking wet , is f uming on the sub hen the three-Falbot armada starts shor eward . The sea is quite smooth and the going is easy . As the boats approach the beach , Livingstone and Holmes go ahead to r econ.oiter . The Falbots containing General Clark and Wright and Lemnit zer and Foot wait silently 200 yards offshore . From the darkness over the Hissing surf comes the signal--the letter K flashed on a flashh ght - -that Livingstone and Holmes are ashore and all is well. General Clark 1 and Captain Yri ght then beach their boat , followed by General Lemnitzer and Lieut . Foot . 1,ieanwhie, Courtney has r epai red the other Falbot which was damaged slightly l when it capsized . With Ha.ihblen as his passen ger , the Commandoofficer comes dash ing ashore , arriving only a few moments after the third boat . General Clar k 's party is met on the beach by M Murphy and his assistant , r. M Knight . They are accompanied by several French officers , some in uniform , r. some in civilian clothes . After a brief conference at the water ' s edge , it is decided that the America.~ contin gent could not confer and depart before daylight so the submarine is called by r adio and Lieutenant Jewell t ·instructed to bring the P-219 back about 8 :00 P'i Thursday evening . The group then gathers its gear together and heads for the r endezvous house . They carry the boats about 200 yards along the beach and up a steep path to the chateau which is located about 200 feet above the beach . The boats and gear are hidden in the house . The Americans and Fr enchmen have about one hour of genera l di scussion but there is no official talk since Genera l Mast and his staff will not arrive until about 6:00 Jm Hence, . everyone turns in for a few hours rest . · . .Y' �.( The rendezvous house is located on a bluff overlooking the sea . It· is lar ge and r ambling and well-suited for a secret meeting place . It is well isolated . Nearby are woods . There is ample space for the lar ge group that wi ll confer . The rooms and bedding are very dirty and the indications are that the place has not been occupi ed for some time . It is owned by a French patriot . He has told his two Arab 'servants that they will not be needed ; that he will let the m know when they are to return . / At 6 :00 AH General Clark and his party and the French officers v1ho were on the beach are awakened by r.Tr Muphy . Shortly thereafter , Gerteral Mast and Col onel . r Jousse arrive and Generals Clark and Lemnitzer meet them in a reception room and the discus s ion begins . '1ast makes a good impression on General Clark . He impresses him a s "a man who can be relied upon ." Mast , r ight - hand man of General Gir aud who is still in Unoccupied France , says he ttwants an opportunity to go along with the Allies ." Above al.L thi ngs , Mast seems sincere . He proves that sincerity by turning over to General Clark valuable inte l lige nc e c oncer ning disposition of French fo r ces , not only in the Algerian r egio n which Mast commands, but throughout French North Africa . The general ' s impr ession is tha t Gener al M ast is absolutely since r e , capable and completely engaged in sett i ng- up a French government in North Africa under General Giraud . Ma.st willingly pr esents all his plans ih complete detail , revealing maps and supporting pape r s . He gives the concBete impression that he can be trusted completely and will do everything within his power to assist our entry into North Afr ica . The general French No th Afr ica attack plan sug~ested by M r ast parallels that of TORCH close l y that General Lemnitze r remar ks that it looks as thou gh he so might have read a copy of TORCH outline plan . General M ast speaks Engli sh except when he gets to highly technical discussion . Then he is interpreted by either M . Mu r rphy or Colonel Holmes . Mast freely admits that he can do little without the help of the United States , He says he has sufficient men, but no arms . He is short on ammunition , m odern planes , armored vehicles . He has practically no gasoline , In fact , he says he has nothing to prevent Axis occupation of the area r ega rdless of the odds . He paints a pitiful picture of how helpless he is without United States help , He makes no sweeping boasts about what he and his troops can do . At times he seems to be on the verge of tears , particularly when discussing the sparse means he has available to protect French North Africa . /' When the confer ence with General Mast and his staff started , it was decided that both sides would lay all their-cards on the table , that there would be no holdin g back of info r mation , no lies. The parties all agreed . Says General Clark late r, that 1s when I st ar ted 11l;ting like hell. 11 Uast asked how big an American effort could be made. Without batting an eye , General Clark declares that "half a million .American ,&°~ s can come in 11 and adds the strerg,h of the air force v ould be "about ;.tJcq~ ·· . he Deputy Commande- in - Chief also adds that 11there is r plenty of U. S. Navy r eady to go in this thing . 11 M ast is greatly impressed . He sugges ts that General Giraud be br ought to No th Africa from Unoccu~ied France in an r American submarine . None of the French realize the imminency of TORCH they know som~ ; sort of operation is plan ned by the United States but a 1 parently nothing definite has leaked to them . M ' s .great fear is attack by the Ge mans . If such an attack comes, ast r says l.1as , "we will fi ght immediately , no matter what we have to fight with . " t Although Admiral Darlan , head of all French forces , has arrived in Africa , he is not invited to or informed of the conference , Giraud and Darlan have di~~erent views . Neithe r Giraud or Mast would partici ate in negotiations invo l vin g Darlan . JEliRtl ~ �( Mast says he can promise the suppo r t of the French army in North Africa ; that it will impl i citly follow the orde r s of Giraud and himself . He says an American landing in Nor th Africa will have little reaction from the French army and air force . The French navy , however , will resist , says Hast , but the resistance won' t l ast long . When Genera l Clark expl ains that the enti r e basis of the proposed American l anding in Nor th Afr ica is to l aunch a d~ive to the east to fight the Germans, Mast is enthusiastic . He suggests that there ghould be a landing at Bone . This might be done by parat r oops . tiast says he believes the American aratroops could land intact by plane at the Oran ai r port , then push off the next day and drop over Bone . He says the French civil organizations there will act in conc ert with the American troops . From Bone, Mast believes that about 3 , 000 t r oops could rush into Tunis t o a localized area that they could hol d until r einforcements arr ive . General Cl ark asks how the paratroops could l and unmo ested at Oran . Mast ' s ai r officer , l who has already given the American offi cers detailed reports on the dispersion of French air fo r ces and minute f acts concerning airpo r ~~, says French troops in the Oran area "wil l pat them on the back and be glad to We: " What about getting the a ir por t lights on so we can land , quer ies General Clark . "I 1 11 turn them on myself ," repli~s the French air of f ic er. An unopposed par atroop landing would save ten daysthe amount of time it woul d take to r e- pack the chutes and re -~ quip the men. As :111ast outlines how he thinks a North African landing should be made, General Cl ark and his men are astounded by hov; closely ~.;ast' s plan parallels their own. It is identical expect it o,mits the Casablanca attack . Hast says a frontal attack at Casablanca would be suicidal . He turns over to General Clark detailed plans showing how the French navy plans t ,o block harbors . · Mast says the North African French officials must know four days ahead of tne,landing date if they are to make the necessary arrangements for the American troops to come in with a minimum of opposition , Tot knowing some of the TORCH troops are already at ·sea , ;,last says Giraud must be brought over when convenient . Ile says that he can issue instructions to the French arr,1y in North Africa which he says is loyal to him . He asks that his army be furnished with equipment as soon as possible so it can aid in the fighting . General Clark promises to obtain as much equipment as possible . '..last asks that General Giraud be given conmiand of all troops , A merican as wel~ as French , in North Africa and after long discussion General Clark says he believes this command can be given at the appropriate time . Mast wanted the comiand of American troops to pass to Giraud as soon as American feet hit the No th African r beaches . General Clark is convinced by Mast that General Giraud will come to North Africa i1I1Jaediately . Giraud must be informed of the operation by November 4 . An American'submarine for the secret Uediterranean crossing is out of the question but General Clark believes he can get one without difficulty from the British . Mast and ' General Clark draft a letter to Giraud , A reply is expected by October 27. The question of relations with General Juin , commander of cer tain French ground forces in North Africa , is brought up by General Clark , Says General 1,1ast : "P-f-ft , I 111 handle him, just like that l" And he makes a breaking motion with his hands . ( Use of British troops in the operation is brought up . Mast wants the North African landing to be A 11-American . General Clark tells him that is impossible; that because of American commitments in other theaters , there would have to be some ··SE REJ & �, .. .,✓~ o4- JfCRET British naval and air un~ts( Ma.st indicates the Fr ench would be disa.1 ·pointed the British made the propos ed Bone landing . if One of the gravest questions concerning Giraud , 'fast says , is sacrificing the rest of Unoccupied France to the Germans if the French cooperate with the Allies in North Africa . Giraud believes the Germans are preparing to occupy the re mainder of Fr ance ·no matte r what happens . Giraud wants to hold a bridgehead in Southern France through which French forces r esisting an Axis advance into Un occupied France could be supplied by the United Nations . !fast is ,•mrried about Spanish lforocco . He says he has three French di visions along the southern border in case Spain seizes the opportunity to attempt a push southward from Spanish ~orocco . General Mast presents to send to General Giraud . final paragraph pertaining :M urphy makes the translation is to go to General Gir aud a copy of a lett er he has prepared for l1lr. Mup hy r It is satisfacto r y , General Clark says, exc ept for the to com~d . The group wo s over General Mast 's letter . rk from French to English. The approved letter , which immediately by messenger , reads : :I r:u, .,,.,. • lr"-7$A- \ • C tfr ,., 4 (!,, .~ • r "My dear General : "Ref errin g to statements ma.de on several occasions by President Roosevelt and the obligations already assured by the American Government as well of as the British Govern.~ent , I am able to assure you that the r estoration France in its complete independence , in all its grandeur and the extent it possessed before the vrar, in Euro.e as well as overseas , is one of the war aims of the United Nations . "It is understood that French Sovereignty wi ll be reestablished , as soon as possible , in all the territories , continental and colonial, over which the French flae flew in 1939 . "The Government of the United States considers the French nation as an ally and will treat it as such . "I wis h to add that in case of military operations in French territory (either in metropolitan France or in the colonie s) in all cases where French col.1.a.boration wil l be available , Amer an authorities ic will not intervene in any of the affairs whi ch are only in tre province of the national administration or which concern the exe rcis e of French sovereignty . 11Insofar as corrunand is concerned the :Jni ted States Government has no other thought or desire but that mili tary command in the area be placed in French hands at the earliest practicable date . Howeve , during the initial r phase of the operation --th at is , the landing and the establishment of necessa r y bases--it is considered essential that the corrL"Jand not changed be while the operation is in progress . During this period we shall bend every effort to provide French Forces with modern ar ms and equi ment . V. ile French Forces are being thus equipped and organized , the command machine r y can be perfected so as to permit French assumption of the su>re m c orrL nd at the e 11 a appropriate time . Immediately foliowing the landing it woul d facilitate direction of the operation if a French General Officer was a ointed as a Deputy to the Corrunander-in-Chief . (signe d ) Robert D. Hurphy 11 The Deputy Commander (French) post probably would go to Giraud . tater , Giraud would have his position enlarged. 1 1ast is satisfied with the revision of his draft of the let ter to Giraud. �- ECRE T The papers turned over to General Clark by General Mast and his Chief of Staff , Col onel Ger main Jousse , are minute in detail : defense plans , dispostion of troops , loc ation of air units and gasoline stores , what airports are useless in rain y ~eather , harbor defense and blockade plans . A er a fi ve hour discussion , r ft General 'last leaves at 11 AH so He can r eturn to his post in Algiers . So more ~~ detailed discussion can be carried on , the French general leaves behind hi::Vrilivay•af'; and air officers and a special operations of ficer . The discussion is halted at 11 : 30 A1'11 everyone can get out into the sunshine and dry their wet clothine . so The group then lunches , Fourteen people sit "ting down to a meal consisting of chicken (Arab ·style) , beans , Fr ench bread and wine . The meal is cooked and served by French Patriot me~bers . Following lunch detailed discussion of plans begins between A.~e ican and r French officers . The plan presented by General ~! .st is gone over in minute detail . a Colon el Jousse dci:s. most of the talking and explaining with Colonel Holmes and 1 :r. Knight actin g as interpreters . After the tactical plan is dicussed , General Clark and his four staff officers go over the naval and air plans , special operations plans and logistical details . In each case , the French had prepared their detailed plans in writing . These were freely turned over to General Clark . The discussion continues until late afternoon when the meeting , is abruptly ended by the owner of the chateau dashing in to declare that the French police were approaching the house . Ap:r,arently , the Arab serv ants had gone to the· police to report 11queer goings on 11 in the isolated house . ( News of the police turns. the :neeting into turmoil. Colonel Jousse grabs up . his maps and , in a fe w seconds has showed himself a "quick change artist" - -he has chan ged from military to civilian clothes ! Everyone is rushing around the room picking up pape r s and personal effects . It l ooks like a disturbed anthill ! American and French officers are rushing through the house in all directions , gathering up everything and anything that might disclose their presence there . General Clark and the other officers keep their unifo r ms on . They have civilian clothes with them but by putting them on they would technically become spies . General Lemnitzer takes off his military slacks and attempts to get into a pair of oilskins . 'Tuile trying to stuuggle into the oilskins , Lemnitzer loses his .pants . Someone has scooped them up on the run and disappaa r ed with them ! Ifurphy rush es in and suggests that some money might be necessary to buy of f the police . General Lemnitzer , d10 is keeper of the secret papers a~d chancellor of the quite si zable exchequer on the trip , dips into his musette bag to get tl'u y 5, 000 Algerian francs . In his haste to rph get the money in rrur hy ' s hands , he drops several gold pieces on the fl oor and is unable , because of the lack of time , to recov er all of them . By now, it is apparent that the conferees cannot possibly get the boats down to the beach before the police arrive . One boat , which had already been taken out of the house , is quickly replaced inside . In the haste , one end of the Falbot is dropied and it looks as though it might be unfit for the return trip to the ~ubmarine ! The officers decide that i t will be best to hide out in the wine cellar until · the police could be held of , bribed or otherwise disposed of . The entire group , with the exception of the ovmer of the rendezvous house , fil es down to the dirty , odiferous and very small cellar . Ea.ch man is armed with either a carbine or a tom.~ygun and all the kit he can carry. No sooner aBe they in the cellar than the police arrive . As they huddle there in the ~glornn , _they hear the chateau owner �51 ( , ( and the police arguing excitedly in :ifrench. Their runnin g fe et patter on the floor overhead . The officers attempt to keep as quiet as possible . Captain Courtney is seized with a spell of coughing . He ctokes and sputters and seems about to strangle "Genera l , 11 gasps Courtney to General Clark , "I ' m af r aid I wi ll choke . " "I ' m afraid 1T, you WON 11 whispers back General Clark ! 7 Someone finds a bott l e of wine which is consumed quickly . The m inutes drag by~ The men hold their breaths and hang on to their weapons . Afte r about an hour , M urph y reports that he has sent the two French lieutenants , the beach patrol offi c ers who met the American group on the beach , to take care of the police . He urges that the group r emain in the cellar 15 more minutes then come upstai rs . V'hen the time is up , Genera l Clark and his men fi l e upstairs and everyone prepares to get away-- but hastily . All the Frenchman have gone . General Clark later r emarks at the speed with which the Frenchmen moved. "Whe we heard that the French pol.ice were on their n way, 11 recounts the General , 11it was as though someone had tossed 50 loaded skunks on the conference table . That l itt l e air offic er was buzzing around like a machine . I 'm sure he went into the courtyard and j ust plain took off !" The hazardous and bi zarr e conference is over ! The Frenchman have spread to the four wind s . General subjects have been disposed of but several smal l matters remained to be · taken-care of . In the last few minutes of the conference , General Clar k learned that the Nopth African French don ' t quite trust DeGau le but that l they might be willing to bring him in after ·the North African campaign has devel oped ; that Darlan has an appointment wit h Uu rphy on October 28 but the genera l believes Darlan "should be to l d nothing ;" that the French believe any resistance at Algiers "1von1 t last more than three hours ;" that the French North Afr ican army need s all kinds of equipment . In General Clark ' s est imati on, the secret rendezvo us c onference has been a success ! The r aid by the Fr ench polic e came about 6 :00 PM and it is ~ark now. All during the day there has be en a brisk on- shore wind and as the American officers prepare to depa rt they realize that the surf is putting up a steady roar. They are appr ehensive l est they be unable to get through it in the fragi~e boats . After making a last search of the house .6or articles that might have been mis l aid in the late afte r noon scramble , the office r s start fo r the beach . General Lemnitzer almost get s left because he is l ooking for his lost pants and the lost gold . He can find neither . The officers have a difficult time getting thei r four Falbot s dovm the steep and narrow path to the beach . The group is virtually exhausted when it reaches the beach . Afte r a brief conf erenc e on surf conditions , it is decided to atte m to take the Falbots through the six to seven foot high surf . General pt Clark and Captain Livingstone are going to make the attempt ! ( Soon the Deputy Comria.n der-in-Chief of the great Allied offensive is walking ori the beach weari ng nothing but his shirt , socks and short.s . Over this scanty clothin g, General Clark and Captain Livingstone wear their "N1aeWest " life belts . Their boat is shoved to the water ' s edge and , after waitin g for a lull in the waves , the two men dash out through the surf . It is about 9 :00 Pl1. A few feet l from shore the Falbot is caught by an eight-foot wave and cap sizes . General Clark , Captain Livingstone and all their equipment go tumbling throu gh the churning wate r . The re st of the group fears they have been lost and that the Falbot is broken. Choking with sand and water , the two men roll up o~:,:tp. The boat is tth• . �( recovered , intact . General Clark , l ooking like a half-dro¼ned water spaniel , l oses his trousers , shoes and othe r gear that had been either tied or placed loose in the bottom on the Falbot . The group dragg its boats and gear back into a clump of trees . A conference follows and it is decided that any further attempts to get the boats through the sur f tonight wi ll be useless and dangerous . General Clark goes back up the hill to the house to find dry clothes . Unabl e to fin d a towel with with to dry himself , he gropes in a closet and comes up with a fine French linen table cloth . It makes a f ine towe l! CoJ.tneJ. Holmes offers'the general an 11extra 11 pair of pants . They are General Lemnitzer ' s , the ones he lost in the police raid scramble t Holmes explains he "j ust picked them up somewhere ." General Clark finally gets into dry make-s hift clothes . Down on the beach , everything has been dragged back in the bushes and the r emainder of the group is huddled in hiding , waiting . The P- 219 , which has been previously signalled to come in as close to shor e as possible , is within a mil e of the beach . With the special light , Lieutenant Jewell is instructed to put to sea again until the surf quiets or until it is apparent Genera l Clark 's group wil l have to wait another day . The French civilians aiding the American in getting away are now frantic . They are scared since capture unr-er the circumstances would mean their liv es . They urge the Clark party to leave . In the meantime , the French police return to.the mysterious chateau . General Clark is there alone . Rather than retire again to the stuffy wine cellar , he gets out of a windo\~, jumps over a wall and sprints for the beach , in his stocking feet l The sprint is through the woods, over rocky paths and dmm a sandbank . He joins ·the re st of his group and they settle domi to wait and plan . ( ,~ON THE BEACH NEARCHERCHEL , ALGERIA OCTOBER 1942- -General Clark decides , 23, to try and buy a trawler or any kin d of power boat to.get his party to the sub marine but all efforts fai l. Someone produces another bottle of ~ .ine and the tired , tledra ggl ed grou p disposes of it in their little cul-de-sac . At intervals , officers go to the beach to inspect the surf . It seems to be quieting . About 1: 30 AfAeveryone but General Lemnit zer and the three Commandos who , remain to guard the boats and equipment , return to the chateau for food and r est . It is decided to wait until about 4 :00 .P..'.'.1 , the hst possible minute if the Falbots are to reac h the submarine before dawn, before making the final decision on whether to attempt to get away today . While waiting on guard , General Lemnitzer notices ,that the surf is quieting . During the period from 1 : 30 to 4 :00 AM there are , · several false alar~s-there are mysterious Arabs in the vicinity , the police a.Ile returning a~ain . All prove groundless but they are nerve m-acking . At 4 :00 t:.· . Gene al Clark and the rest of the party return to the beach hidea• ·:ay . The situation is surveyed . During his guard period , Gener al Lemnitzer found a spot along the beach where the surf seemed especially placid . It is finally decided to make another embarkation attempt , despite the cost : it seems hopless that the group can launch four Boats successfully without losing some personnel ~nd a lot of e~uipment . However, indications are that the place is exceedingly- "hot " and General Clark and his party , if they remain , may at any moment be seiz~by the police who micht return in greater strength . Al~ equipment that is not absolutely necessary is jettisoned . This inc~udes the tom 11yguns , carbines and radio , The boats must be as light as possible . General Clark and Captain mright are to make the first atte~pt . It is decided that four SE~RE T � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, September 25 - October 22, 1942 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from September 25 to October 22, 1942. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/803 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/d370246a51057ed789d605b963f2427f.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=mBPFHluWBCIKFqjcbyNFjAwuitPFM4NybrPoKlq26SHcG0EGJrBTszPYDHbuaJEwcgz4f-uAJizThKuQdTE5FqIK93OcOYsjYZh1HB90Fn69khWuRKdXlle547h3JtYoKJf2-8QzEFtx5vhayjVoWbcOS3Tka0eQVRUlZOCguKhU7gqtlKxy7ip9PPqWIobWEscgU7-%7EtHC1ZX8mYct03NaX2Ze4uI3GeGvVkZAs3V1B1GguU8yMmiya%7EcsHYFi041kGQYgdYcYGQxRt1zEEWzMhZfjw8lN0-YIx9%7EamunXVvCiYw5DcmTz7lh6IvqP%7Ed8KNg9q18LTPxhF9TLUd9A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 025c01318bb0c96f8bcd5e69966e332b PDF Text Text THE CITADEL 0 ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM head the SOS i n the Oran area . I nitially , the SOS at Casablanca will not be unif i ed with that at Oran under one com mand . General Rooks is c alled up from Longford Castle , whe re he has been heading the II Army Cor p s as Chief of Staff since Gener r-, Clar k came to 1 London . Rooks is told that in c ase the projected U . S . :gllan g oes through , he will be designated Chief of Staff of the Oran Task Force . He remains at Norfo lk house to work out the s la te for the task force staff which wi ll be he ld down to the minimum . General Ryder is called in and oriented on the p ropos al for an all u.s . operation . General Porter is going to be placed in co ,irrnRnd of the 168th Infantry combat team . General Clark discusses with General Ryder the possible use of th e 34th Division in the follmv - up phase . Ryder is also told that General Clark might take on e infantry battalion from his division for use as a headquarters security force . The caa..1.· 01' the 135t h Inf antry , now in Scotland , is to return to Nort he r n Ireland at once . The 34th , General Ryder says, is considera b l y under strength but replacements will be made from troops enroute to the European Theater of Operations . Once again the 1st Division is having trouble getting the equipment t o replace that on the ship that went aground off Newfoundland . Colonel Hughes _ reports that one ship carrying an estima ted 5 , 000 t ons of or ganization equipment for the lst 1 s infantry and artillery units has had to turn back in mid - oc ean . Huf)les believes the ship is c arrying the expr ess shipment ·which was rushed to New Yor k to replace the equipment that was on the vessel that went aground . Under the ci rcumstances it is unlikely that tl is e qu ipment will be in the hands of troops bef ore October 5 . For a D-day of Nov ember 5 it would have to be reloaded i mmedia tely for shipment to the African th c:ater and wo u ld not be available to the troops for training purposes . General Gale and Brigadi 0 r Benoy advise General ~lark that the British War Of f ice wants to s e nd telegrams ton i ght directing move ment of sup ~lies to go on the first follow - up convoy for the Algiers - Phili ,.1eville-Bone p force . The War Of fi c e is willing to hold U.i,i the i ssuan ce of telegrams for the Philippe vill e and Bone for ces , buthas instruct ed General Anderson to release t e l eg rams for the Alg iers eq u i pment . This conference occurs prior to rec e ipt of Mr . Roosevelt ' s cable and General Clark i _ s true ts Brigadier n Benoy to request the War Office to "send no telegrams for at least the next 24 hours , or until fu· , ther advice is g iven by me . " General Gale is told that no "ne w plan" dire c tive has been issued and that "work is to continue along the lines indicate d at the last staff confer en ce - -Or an , Al g i ers , Philippeville , Bone . l LO~ ON, SEPT . 1, 1942--The British are finally told today th r1t '/ TORCH has developed a split personality; that, as things now stand , there are really two plans -- President Roosevelt 's All-American attack and the comb ined Anglo -Am~rican assault that has Prime Minister Churchill as its chief proponent . �0 11rk assembles General 37 officers , British and .Am ricAn, e in a well - guarded conference room at 10 AM to ~ive them the complete picture on TORCH planning . The top - ranking men sit at- a rough wooden table at the head of which sits General Clark . On h is ri g ht is Lieut . General Anderson , who is scheduled to lead the British effort in TORCH; on General Clar k ' s left is nis Acting Chief of Staff, Brig . Gener a l Gruenther , then comes Admiral Ramsay of the Britis h Navy . The crowded table is studded with top nothc British and Americnn military , naval and air talent . Around the room other officers sit attentively on w~od ~n, folding clIBirs . "Some of you men ar e less confused than ott 1 ers about TORCH, 11 General Cl 1 k says , grinning r . "L e t's all get equally confused ." The officers , all of whom h rwe been on edge because of secrecy and an ever - shifting plan , laugh and the conference is off to a good start . ( I GenerA.l Clark explains that the Americi=m and British govern ments h a ve different conce ~ ts of how the attack on Northern Africa should be made . rte says President Roosevelt feels it is essential that the attack be All - American and that we establish ourselves fully on the northwest c oast , with half our force striking inside the Mediterranean and the other half outside at Casablanca to as s ur e us of an Atlanti c Coast supply port . The Prime Minister , he explains , v1ants to work on TORCH as all the officers now know it -- assaulting Or a n , Algiers , Bone arid , possibly, Ph ilippeville . The general tells the combined s t aff that "differences have developed . 11 The general then reads President Roosevelt ' s cable to Prime Minister Churchill and the me s sa g e that Gen e ral Eisenhower a nd he sent back to the \var Department . He adds that the plan proposed by them--he a vy l a ndin g s at Or an and Algiers and a li ghter l a nd i n g at Casablanca , all wit h American forces -- 11does not me et the President 's request but I think that is what he may propose to the Prime Minister ." Ir this plan is accepted , General Cl s rk says , the force g oing direct to Afri c a from the United Kingdom would make the Algiers assault . General Patton ' s force sailing dire c tly from the United States to Africa would probably do the o~an landin g . The United States , the general adds , " would try to piece to g ether a smaller force for the Casablanca task . " "I think , " General Clark tells the intent men facing him, "that the plan will go throu gh that way . It will affect General Anderson most of all becau se Bone and Philippeville will be out . Algiers , as a Britis h ass a ult , will be out but British troops pro bably will land there later . " ( The General t h en expl a ins that because of these ne w developments Gen e ral Gale , the Britis h sup J ly exp e rt, must postpone the planned loading of any s h ips for the African operati on "because if we load one ship we may have to u n load it a g ain and that wil l tangle things up worse than ever . Until the TCRCH plan is definit e ly set , we will do what plannin g we ing on this basis: �( "We' ll c al l t he President ' s p l a n ' Plan A'--that is, General Patton will attack at Casa blan ca; United States forces now in the United Kingdom will attack Oran, and the operation ·will have the use of Br i tish naval vessels , transports and ai r for ce . The U. S . task force fro m the United Kingdom wil l be c ompos e d of combat teams of the 1st and 34th Divisions and the 1st Armored Division . I am designating Bri gadier General Roo ks as Chief of Staff of the Oran Task Force . The ot he r p lan, e ntailin g All - Amer ic an landings in for c e at Oran and Al giers and the use of a s mall force from the United States at Casablanca , will be known a s ' Plan B . 1 The United Sta tes force from the United Kingdom probabl y will assault at Alg iers, se cu re the port and a i rfi e lds and ~et elbow roo m so Gen eral Anderson ' s B:bi tish force can come in, disembark at po r tside without too great d if f icult y and then start driving to the east for Tunis . The Oran forc e will turn to the w,~st and establish contnct with the fo rce landing at Casabl n ca . "T hat , roughly , is the Admiral Ramsay , can you get additional naval meims will picture as it stands today . Now, us additional information as to what be r equired? " Ramsay --"I gave that data to the British sta ff in the rou~h l ast nigl 1t . I t does not i n~.olv ~ as much additional naval support as we expected ." l Cl a rk -- 11The Prime Minister u nderstands effort is t o be and he asks that the United available . 11 Ramsa y-- 11 And Ca nada too . what the Brit is h naval States make the res t 11 General CHark tells the office rs that he learned l ast night that the Fi ght in g French have in timate d th ey know an op eration is afoot and have declared that u n le ss it is he ~ded b j a French high c anma nd II it is bound to fail . 11 Admiral Ramsay then po i nts out that if either P l an A or B is us ed it "will mean a break - up of what we have a lr eady planned . " He suggests "we use groundwo r k already done" wlth the Amer ic ,n for ce gettmg all ava il ab l e Algiers data f rom the Br iti sh . Cl ark -- "I th:h n k we ought to ac ce pt . It i s my belief will do Oran and t hat Amer ic an forces al r eady hert~ wi ll Algiers if Plan B i s accepted ." th at handle Patton Anderson--"This me a ns our plans will have to be altered com p letel y . If my fo rce is to go in to a port already secured b y the Amer icans , then dr iv e east , i~ enta ils ca mp l ete disrupt i , n of my present plans . 11 ( Ramsa y -- " If Plan B is used wi ll ·the fir st follow - up be British? ' �( Clark- - "I t h ink the first would be British . That would be General Anderson ' s group . It loo k s as though Anderson will have to have h is force on the high s ea s ready to com e in . His p lans will have to be extremel y flexible . The sh ips will not be co mbat load e d . If thin gs g o wrong , Gene ral Anderson and h is force will h 8ve to turn around and g o home . 11 Grue n th e r -- 11Since the President says he wi ll have t o h -,ve a week to pav e the way for the landi ng of British tro ops , won 't a D . 7 followup have to be sub sti tute d for a D . 4? 11 Cl ark- - "That 1 s ri ght!" Vic e Air - Marsha ll Welsh- - nTh is means an ent ire l y different air forc e . It will mean a bigger bomber and fi ghte r for c e s i n ce hea viest attack probably will co me now at Al g i ers . " the Clark--"Th ere 1 s no doubt about it . General Anderson ' s mission will no w be a fighting affair . There 1 11 be need f o r mo re ai r and armored units . Ander son is going to have t o fi ght before he re aches 'l'un 1s •• There will be a re a l b r awl s omewhere between Al giers a nd Tnn is . 11 Rams ay -- "And ( it won 1 t be with Fr e nch; Cl ark - - 11I don ' t n eed to tell pe c ts of this thi n g hold a positi)n Ther ,. ' s no question about it!" all welsh- - n I 1 11 try to work out then s e e what we 'v e g ot . " the and it will be wit h Germ,ms . " of yo u that the military assecondary to the politi ca l . types of a ir f raft we need Cl ar k- - 11It 1 s cer tain we c an ' t move any more l and - based planes into Lribral tar . Capacity is taxed wi t L the Ameri c '-: - Br i tish n planes a lr e ady earmarked 1 or there . Welsh might have to support , CasabLmca You and Va ndenb ar g (Col one l Vandenbe r W of the U. S . Air Fo rce) will have t o work the needs an u. plans ou t . 1 Spit Vandenb c r g- - 11It 91s ." Clark- - 11Spit The remark Welsh --"I geth e r . 11 ( just brings think would be better if we chan g ed Spit . 5 1 s for , as hi g h as laughs you can !" and ea s es the t ,,nsi on of· the I h Hd b e tt e r ge t my p e ople and meetin Vandenb e rg g. to - Clark- - 11Gentlemen , I h a ve g iven you ev e rything I know about TORCH as it no w stands . We have little time and we must wait for a directiv e . If Oran is attacked b y us und d ~ P lan A, the force wil l consist of three infantry comb a t t e ams- - two from the 1st Divis i on and on e f r om the 3 4 th--and one Armored Divisi on unit . I f we attack at Al r;i t-; s we wil l adapt r General Anderson I s plan . 11 "' . . - �..., \09 ( J Thero nference is thrown open to questions nnd General Clark rules that the entire TOPC,{ operation will proceed on Greenwich Mer idi an Time; t e lls ~dm:br al Ramsay th11t a memorandum has already been written concerning censorship , press relations and communica tions for TORCli; tl1at instructions will g o out to have the assault forces avoid , as much as possible , any damage to the ports . Ramsay --" What about the ned D- day? Before you get the Pres id ent ' s October 30 date too fix e d in your minds you ' d better s ee what the moon is doing . There can be no assault or movement through the Straits of Gib r a l tar while the moon is too ful l. " Cl ark -- "As to Octob ur 30 , we first heard day . I a l r0ady know that the moon will be best with t he 5th probably being the best D- day . 11 of that date yester ear l y in November , General Anderson asks that c e rtain members of his TORCH staff II go a lo ne; since it 1 )Ok s as though eventually Al g iers v ill be my base . " He a lso r e co mmends tha t the American l anding force s e iz e the port of Bougie , about 110 mi l es east of Al gie rs . This wou l d gi v e Gen e ral Anderson a se c ond po r t at wh ic h to l and h i s tro op s so he c an begin driving toward Tunis . the ( General Cl a r k is use of 1 3 divisions asked . if the TORCH operation st ill calls for "TORCH now has a complet el y new a1,pre cii:ition nnd it may take more , " the gonerH l replies . "It l ook s as though we are going to have to fight for it and it means we must be stronger ." The Genera l then breaks begins to buzz li ke bees in of the development . up the conference a bott le. Groups and the bare roo m g o into dis cu ss ion Later i n the day , General Cl ark learns that the Prime Mini ste r has answered President Roosevelt ' s cabl e and th11t Mr . Churchill had ag r eed to the Americ a n proposa l . Howe v er , the Prime Minister re it e r ates his des ire that British troops l nnd at Algiers . Gene r als Ward , Ryde-r , Allen and Porter ( who wi ll lead the assault troops from the Unit e. Kingdom ) and Gen 0 ral Rooks , chie f of staff , are c al l ed in to d i s cuss the composition of U. S . forc es that wi ll m(l1 e fr om the British I sles to North Afr ic a . Genera l Truscott is c alled i n to g o over d e tai l s of the Oran attack as it was planned for General Patton ' s forces . General Lemn i tzer , w1:o has been a Deputy Chief of Staff, i s dir v cted to take ov e r the plans and training se c ti0n of TORCH with General Barker r eturning to the European Theater Qf Operations staff . Col onel Nevins is in formed he will be G- 3 of either the Or an or Algie ~ s Task Force . General Le e , head of SOS, has just flown from the United G ,n erH l Cl ark te lls General Lee equipp i ng the 1 st Di vision and and General Styer , SOS offic er uho States , are ori ented on p l ans and he part icularly needs he l p i n o~tgini ng additionalservice u nits �I\ b from the United States . General Lee says he will try to have the equipment for the 1st Division unloaded at the Clyde in order to save time . I f necessa r y , Gener al Clark s ,1.ys he will accept British 25 - pounders as substitute equipment for the U. S . 165- mm howitzers . General Lee is told that i n connection with TORCH service units fall into three categories : those now in the United Kingdom , many )f which are deficient in equipment ; those which must be brought from the U .s ., combat loaded , to accompany the assault force from the United Kingdom; and those which wi ll sail direct from the U. S . to the Afri c an theater . General Styer observes that units in the U. S . should be alerted regardless of the final de ci s i on on TORCH The . problem of organizing SOS in the new theater is discussed at length and key personnel is ~one ov e r . Bad luck is dogging the delayed shipm ent of 1st Division equip- ) ment . Colonel Hambl en reports that in addition to the vessel in origina l 1st Division convoy th a t went on the rocks in Newfo undlan d , the second ship bringing over the repl a c ement shipment was lo st through enemy action . Now, the third ship starting across with the shipment has had to put into Bermuda bec· ;. se of a shifting u car go ! ~,< LQNDON, SEPT. 2 , 1942 - -The weight of political influ ence on military decisions and military commanders is s o great that it stag gers reason . To date , the political angle has had far more influence on TORCH than has the m~litary . The delay - -at le a st the g reat bulk of it -- has resulted from political , not military , implic aticns . I n fact, the basis of TORCH is political , primarily . Both President Roos evelt and Prime Minister Churchill have promised that a Second Front wi ll be opened in 1942 and the North African theater appears to be the only place where it will have a fair chance of success . To date , this diary has s h own from day to day the delays and ch an ges in plans . The succulent parts of cables crossin g the Atlantic have been quoted . Conferences with Prime M nister Churchill hav e been recorded . All these reports couldn't help but make the reader wonder to wh,,t extent the planning of TORCH is political , and to what extent military . He c an , hcw ,vever , draw pretty logical conc.lu s ions . General Clark is drawn out a little today on the political factors that have impeded the planning and ou ic k execution of TORCH It is a subject . he is reluctant to discuss but one that he sho uld include in any diary of war becaus e politics is part of war; it is a major factor in determininp; whether a campai gn is won or lost . It may be the decid~ng factor in TORCH . "For many weeks , 11 says General Clark, "we had r been working on a plan reported to both g ov ernmen ts and one that was approved , apparently , by both of them . The first p lan had almost re a ch ed the . . j �( point where we were ready to go ahead loading for the North African assault when the delays started . During the past weeks we have been more or less dragged around by the necks and every time we m0 ke a move , someone in Washington or London is looking over our shoulder to second guess and rsuggest revisions or changes . "I h1we been told that the President's r E:ply to Prime Minister Churchill is expected tonight and th t indications are that v,e will return , basically , to the plan callin~ for simultaneous attacks on Casablanca, Oran and Algiers . Even now there is nothing to indicate this will be definite although time is closing in and a decision must be made soon if a Second Front is to be opened this year . So much v aluable time has be en lost that we can nev 0r get back or make up . During this hectic period of indecision we have had at le1rnt a half dozen plans before us . Before we could even start laying a foundation for one , we got another . 0 ''~~hy can ' t the commanders decide what they can do , not what they have to do? Ti me is a prime factor in any military operation , yet , those who delay us keep reminding us that TO PCH must be carried out at the earliest possible moment . We must not , we are told , lose any time . However , we ' re still waiting for the mission directive . Don ' t they realize the time factor necessary for getting new planning underway? There is an urgent necessity for time to plan , time to tran , time to assemble for the assault . "All we had had are repeated and repeated distractions . The we wait , the longer it takes to make up minds , make polit ical adjustments and get down to concrete preparations for a TORCH wdl know is de.finite , the less chance we have of security; and with out security we can't get full success . Cables from Washington all emphasize the dire results if TORCH is not successful . Success requires careful planning and ample time but we can't plan until we know definitely what it is we a.re planning for . " 1 mger Developments , particularly in the past three weeks , show the tremendous effect of political considerations on military affairs . The future will sh ow what effect this political factor- - which has wated time and energy and which has brought the introduction of plan after plan -- will have on the execution of the TORCH operation that is finally decided upon . sent ( Intelli@ence the following reports cable come in that Free French to his London headquarters General De Gaulle from Syria: "Americans have planned a landing in North Africa . In con unction with this landing the British were to attack Dakar . Vichy knew about all this and has kept the Germans informed of the plan . Vichy has been deceiving the Americans •• • as they previously deceived the British . I n North Africa the Americans pretended they were acting in accnrd with General De Gaulle's Comite Nationale and so got support of De Gaulle I s supporters in North Africa . This was �( not the case at all . Instead the Americans delayed communications betwe en De Gauilile ' s aP,ents in Nort h Africa and his head nuarters in London so that the real truth would not be known to De Gaulle par tis ins in North Africa . In case of an Am ri can l anding i n North e Africa, Marshal Petain will ord er all Fr 8nch forces to resist ap;gression . The entire French army , air force qnd fleet will obey the ovders. Undoubtedly Germany will t H ke adv nntar,e of this situation to intervene under the color of protecting the French empire. Laval will not declare war at once but will ho l d out in hope of blackm'liling from Ge:nTl any a little help regrading prison e rs of war and food . The id ea of America at first was to invade Europe this year. They tr1en needed the help of Free French forces and so opened negotiations in London . Now they have resumed . thei r form E; attitude r of standoffifshness t oward the Free French. 11 A c a1b:be is sent to the War DepRrtment in Washington tellinr; officers that four sources--Vichy, Gibraltar, Tan g i e rs nnd Washington--h.ave }~ :vefho:v-ted. tuc:the Free French headquarters ::o in London that the y have information concerning an imminent attack in North Africa . These sources state that a ctive opposition will be encountered un less a prominent Frenchman is mdenmif~ed with the operation . All r,✓ports indicate that countries bordering the Mediterranean have a definite suspicion and pe rh ups some knowledge of an imment attack . The serious potentia:tities of such a situation are obvious , " Washington is cabled . The whole matter implies , the cabl e continue , the failure of our efforts to p revent leaka ge involving most secret subjects and su~gests adoption of corrective measures . Plans are being pushed for the or ganiza tion of the Oran Task Force . General Rooks , Chief of Staff of t he operati on, is setting up ley members of h is staff in ijorfolk House . The bulk of th e staff wi~l be built u p after the lan ding . Generals Cl ark and Rooks agree that the Norfolk group now b eing set up und er Rooks should be the advance echelon of the II Army Corps and that officers and men remai ning at Longford Castle sho uld be considered the rear echelon and be subject to call to the Afri c an theater as soon as their movement is feasible . General Clark fe els he should not set up a separate organization for this but rat her should continue to use the II Army Corps as the base designation . The question of a suit able SOS- G- 4 or ganization in the Oran area is brou ~ht up and Genera l Clark decides t hat for the planning phase of the operation General Larkin would be in charge with Colon el Adcock as his assistimt . He sees no need to separate SOS and G- 4 functions in the early phases of the Oran landing . Later, after arrival in the theater , General Larkin will take char ge of the 'SOS in that area and Colonel Adcock will become G- 4 of the Oran Task Force . Air support for TORCH in over. A cable is sent settin g a we 11 - balanced air force for of B-17's intially re qu ired in out that it will be necessary tions out of Eng l and about six case Plan A is decided upon is gone forth agreement as to what will be the operation . Regarding two groups the African theater , the cable points to withdraw these u nits from operaweeks p rior to the date when they �113 have will be employed initially in the theater . These t wo groups three be en carr y ing out suc c essful raids on France for the past wil l weeks . The c ab le alm~ states that U. S . Air For c e headquarters be established initially at Oran . It now appears , from a chart showing the loading of each ship c arrying eq u ipment for the 1st Division and the es timated dates of arr i val , that the bulk of the Divisi on ' s e quipment will not arrive until about September 13 . General Allen is ordered to establish an advanced 1st ~ ivision headquarters in Norfo lk House . It will be ready to ope ra te by noon , Se ptember 5. Other minob ma tte rs have to be disposed of: Colonel Corby , surg ~on in Allied Force Headquart e rs , re commends typhus inoc cula tions for all troops entering the theater and he is told to begin checking records to insure that these shots are given all organ izati )ns prior to departure; Colon e l ·1. G. Sterling of the W ar Cabinet Secretariat suggests the use of code names for towns and r egions in the North African theater and General Clark says he suggested that almost a month ago but that British Intelligence officers advised aga inst it; General Anderson call g to say he is movino.; from Norfolk House to another nearby office but he is going to retain an officer on duty here . General Anderson obviously is displeased at the turn in events. General Clark tells him there is nothing further he can do to advance h is planning until a final decis~on is reached . Anderson is advised to continue p lannin g . ·:l- LONDON SEPT . 3 , 1942--President , Roosevelt cables Prime Minister Churchill and agrees to a tr i p le - l and in g for TORCH From all . indications this i s to be the operation that will be carried out! President Roos-evelt proposes simultaneous landin gs at Ca sablan c a , Oran and Algiers with assault and immediate follow-up troops gen erally as fol~ows: (A) Casablanca , all United States troops : 34 , 000 in the assault and 24 , 000 in the immediate follo w- up to land at a port a lready under American control . (B) Or an , all U. S . troo ps : 25 , 000 in the assrult and 20 , 000 in the immediate follow - up to land at a U. S . held port . (C) Algiers , U. S . and British troops : in the beach landing, 1 0 , 000 U. S . troops follo wed within the hour by British troops to make the l a nding secure, the follow-up to be determined by TORCH 1 s Commander -in - Chief . This follo w-u p would l and at a port i n ships that are non-ro mbat loaded . "Your willingness to coope r ate by agreeing that all initial landings will be made by U. S . ground forces is appreicated , 11 the President cabl es the Prime Minister . "It is true that British par ticipation in the form of nav a l and air support will be disclosed to the defenders early in the operation. However , I do not b e lieve this will ha ve quite the same effect that Britis h forces making the �first beach landing would have . xx x I t will be necessary to use all available combat loaders in the first assault . The assaulting troops , regardless of whether the y are British or Americ an , must seize a por t before follow-u p forces c an be landed . Rega rdless of what troops arrive subsequent to the initial landing , the situation will be the same . " President Roosevelt says the United States can furni sh the following t ro ops : the entire Casablanca force dire c tly from the United St ates; the entire Oran force f Yom the United King d om; 10 , 000 American troops for the Algiers landing from the United Kingdom . "As ~ immediate follo w- u p for c es , 11 the President cable s , " we have one armored division in the U. S . and one armored division in the U . K. (1::D th less elements included in the assau l t echelons) with supportin g and service troops , includi ng ground echelons of air units. L ater , additional infantr y and armored d ivisions can be furnished from the U. S . and the remainin~ U. S . troops in the U .K. c an be made available ." ( Pre s ident Roosevelt says combat loaders ca pab l e of lifting 34 , 000 men wi ll be ready to sail from U . S . ports b ;: October 20 . Transports , other than combat loaders, will be ready to lif t 5 2 , 000 men and there wil l be sufficient c argo vessels to support the per sonnel. In the United Kingdom , he adds , there will be U . S . trans p orts with a personnel lift of 15 , 000 and nine cargo vesEel..s . 11In round 11 numbers, Mr . Roosevelt c ontinues, "the shi pping sh own as availab le in the U. S . i s estimated to be sufficient to move the first , second and third convo ys of the CasabL mca force . " Regarding the nav ,ll that the U. S . "cannot pro this operation in excess p lus all ships which can now bein g done . " p ie ture , the Pres id e nt tells Mr . Churc h i ll vide forces for the escort and support in of t h os e no w available in the Atla n tic be exped ited in readiness for service as is Then , the President continues : "If the operation is to be ex e cuted along the lin es indicated ••• all t h e rem ai ning re quire ments must be furnished from Brit is h sources . As we see it, t h is would mean in general that it will be ne cessar y for you to furnish : ( a) all shi~ping , includi ng combat l oaders , required for the Oran and Algie r s forces exce p t the U. S . sh i pp in g now in the U. K. ear marked for TORCH; (b) the additi mal troops required for the Algiers assault and the follow - up forces , and(€) the naval forces re qu ired for the entire operation less the U . 'S. Naval Force indicated above . " The P resid ent asks the Prime Ministe r to a:> nfirm as so on as possible, "in order that I may continue wit h vi gorous preparations for TORCH at the ear li est pract icable date , " that the U. K. will pr ovide the troop lift, troops , naval forces and shi pp ing noted as n ee ded . The ~resident reiterates that the Comma nd e r - in-Chief "shoul d be directed to exe cut e the operation by the earl:Dest pr ·1 cticable date and th a t t h is date should be fix e d by him . " �l IS ( "I am convinced of the absolute _necessity for an early decision , 11 the President says . "I feel that the operation, as outlined he r ein , i s as far as I c an g o toward meeting your views, and seems to me to be a practical s olution \'v ich retains h the Algiers operation and is sufficiently stron g to be a good risk throughout . " The President says his "latest and best information" fro m North Africa shows that an All - American expediti on "will meet little res istance from the Frenc h Army in Africa . On the other hand , a British co mmanded attack in any phase or with de Gaullist coo peratio n would meet with determined resistance . " He says that maint enance of the French Civil government "is essential to fri endly relations . " He concludes that he is "willing to risk explanation of British troops in Algiers by telling the French that they are not intended to remain in Frenc h territory but that their obj ect is primar ily to march into Axis held Tripoli from the rear . xx x As you and I decided l on g ago , we were to handle the Fr en c h in North Africa , whil e you were to handle the situation in Spain . 11 G:e.neral Clark calls a conference of the Combined Staff at 11 AM and read the telegram from Presid ent Roosevelt . "Wel l, there she is!" he says , concludin g . "We' re almost back where we started from . Patton will handle Casablanca . The Or an force will be made up of two c ombat teams f'rom the 1st Division , one from the 34th Division and it will be sup p orted by the British Navy . At Algiers we 1 11 have one U. S . combat team , a Ranger Battalion and whatever Britis h troops you (turning to General Anderson) decide on . Our problem is still basically the same : mostly n aval , a questi on of where we stand on co mbat leaders , l andin g c raft and the abi lity of the navy to suppor t the l anding . " Ramsey - -" We1 re going to have comb at loader trouble . Arran gemen ts for one landing are per fect . For the other one , one - fourth is v ery good , one - fourth is poor and I just don I t see the other half any,.1he!t'e . 11 United Gale -- "We are Kingdom . 11 now holding Ramsay -- "We1 ve got p ossible . The necessary some t rans - Atlantic shipping our teeth out . Three strong attacks combat loaders just don 't exist . 11 in the are not Clark--" we • re g oing to have to ta ck le it to see what VJ ca n do , e not what we c an 't do . we must determine our maximum mi nimum an d ask the navy and shippin g authorities to supp l y it . " Gale -- "I don ' t believe a short time . " ( the ship resources c an be found in su ch e1 ark -- "C "'n ' t v,J get enough for the initial e assault? We' re going to have to call on SOS to bring over what they have organiz ational loaded . These will be hos v ital and maint ena nc e u n its and supplies mostly . Gen eral Anderson , what will you have for Al g iers? Anderson--"A total of about 29 , 000 troops and one American �I combat team . " Cl ark --" You will keep the 1 68 th ( combat Division) . I hope you will be ready to throw and that they will go down combat loaded . " British I(, Gale -- "Are we still g o in . " e1ark- - "That new one Plan Z ! " figuring was u-1der Plan Wel sh -- "We1 11 need more air sc heme . 11 Cl ark -- "The air move eastward ••• 11 un its on a seven team from the 34th in three brigades day period before the B. I guess we' 11 have to call the under plan at Gibraltar this will than help und e r the General old Anderson Welsh- - 11We1 11 have to have four fighter squadrons at Algiers on c e . We' ll also need t wo bomber support squadrons then build up our stren gth after we have Nor th Af ri can bases . " Anderson--" What about Algiers and the at p lan ••• " Cl ark -- "You go ahead and fi gure on Al giers planned . The BritisL prcb ably will he l p in the at Algiers . " as you •ve always ini-'-ial 0 1,e-,t.tio•1 Ramsay -- " I f we work it r i gh t the U. S . Navy may be ab l e to help cov er the 'Straits . Then we c an do Al p;iers and Oran all right . I think our nav a l forces mip-.,ht be stretched . 11 As the conference breaks up he tells the officers he expects to get later in the day the gist of what the Prime Ministe r will cable back to Hashington in answer to the President . Durin g the day , he calls key officer after key of ficer into his office to dis cuss the pa rticular phase of TORCH invo lved . At~ PM he goes to the War Cabinet Offic es with General Eisenhower . The two American genera ls are ushered into a huge room where Churchill s i ts at a 40 - foot l ,ng table , working . The Prime Minister looks ti red and dishevilled . Soon the office fills with British officers includin g General Sir Alan Br ooke, General I smay , Sir John Dill , Lord Louis Mountbatten , Admiral Ramsay , Sir Dudley Pound -- virtually every high ranking Britisher conne c ted u ith the war effort . The men sit down , dis cu ss the President ' s c able of this morning and confer concerning an answer . After over an hou r of discussion , Churchill says : "Let • s get the c able off now!" He invites Sir Alan Brooke and Generals Ol ark and Eisenhower into the office of one of his secretaries . Together , the four men draft the answer while a stenographer -- the Prime Minister had hol le red for "a shorthand Hr iter"- - pounds it out dire c tly on a type writer as the four men talk over the exact phraseology . They kre ad in the suggestions of all the men who par ticipated in t he conf erence in the outer room . �II 7 The conf'ere b s decided that to do Algiers and Oran p roperly they should have seven combat teams and the combat loade rs to lift this size a force . Only five , as the plan stands, ar e available and there is not hing to improvise with . As to landin g craft , all training wou ld have to stop if the craft were taken away . General Clark su gg ests that the onl y alternative is to "steal from Casa blan c a . Admiral Pound also points out that the United States naval for c e for TORCH rema ins an " X" quantity . He asks that the U . S . state definitely what it has g ot so the British can see what their n avy c a n do to fill the gap s . General Clark sug ges ts t wo points for the cable -- ( 1), tha ·t the U .s . Navy 11get off the p ot 11 and detail what it c an provide, a nd ( 2) that the three landings be made more equal , with the Alg i ers operation being made bi gge r and the Casa blanca one smaller "to give the e ssential appearance of strength at al l vit a l po ints . 11 This President is the way the Roosevelt : Prime Minister ' s c able finally g oes to " W have spent e the day l o oking into the ph y sical possibilities of your ge neral outline . We think that a working plan c a n be mad e on the basis that the emphasis is shifted some what , namely reducing Casablanca by ten or twelve thousand and making up the defi c iencies in the follow - up . These troo ps wit h their combat l oaded ships would g ive sufficient strength inside , i,h ile making the entire assault American . This evens up the three landings and g ives the essential appearance of stren g th at al l vital poi nts . Witho ut such a trans ferenc e there is no hope of blglers on account of the shortage of combat loa ders and landin g c raft . We al l think this would be a blemi sh on the plan . "Tonorrow we suggest that either Gene ra l Clark or General Eisenhower should caj.e ( to Washington) wi th Admiral Ramsay who kno ws the whole transportat io n escort story and th e n aval aspects from our end, and Mountbatten on the lan di n g d e tails ·w hich are cruc i al . The party wou ld r ea ch you Sunday morning . W do not know e here wh at naval forces you are able to supply . Please let this be imparted to Admiral Cunnin gham , who , in view of the import an ce of t he ope ration , we propose to p lac e in naval c o~..mand under the Allied Command er - in-Chief . "Delays due to cha nges a l ready has extended (D- day) three weeks . The Fr ee French have g ot an inkling and they are leaky . Every day saved is p recious . \'le have therefore already order ed work to g o forward on these linBs but of course the deci si on rests with you . ( signed) Churchill ." ) When the Prime Minister a nd the three generals complete draft in g of the telegram , Mr . Churchill turns to them an s sAys: "It ' s great not to argue when you get into a tight p lac e . It makes you appreciate the accord between us . I know we all desire to get the p l a n and get going . " - ' �II8 ( though General Cl ark tells we I re back where t h e -Prime Minister we were t wo months that "it ago . " looks as "That ' s the tragedy of thl. s t h ing . We c ould hRVe settled two months ago , " Mr . Churchil l rep li ecs. 11This is one of the d ifficulties of having our t wo staffs separate d by all those of oce an . 11 cable: keeps Mr . Churchill "The Free l ')Okin g at it tangible miles is quite pleased by one phrase he placed in the Frenc h have got an inklin g and they are leaky . " He it and chuckling ." · After leaving Mr . Churchill 's office , Gene ra ls Eisenhower and Clark go back to Grosvenor Square and send General Marshall a cable detailin~ Churchill's suggestions and declaring that they favor his three - point in v:irtuall y equal strength landin gs if the means c ~n be found . Without the combat lo aders and one combat team from the Casabl anca for ce, Algiers must be abandoned , the y say . Mr . Churchill points out , just as the two Amer ican generals are leavin g , that he has re c eived re c ent cables on the p rogress of the battle in the Middle East . General Alexander of the 8th British Army sends an optimistic report and says he has g ot Rommel in a pocket and that the British have been shelling him all day . 'Says Churchill to General Brooke : "I wonde r if Alec will take the off ensive! 11 The Prime Minister then tell s Generals Eisenhower and Clark that it l ooks as though the North African attack will have to wait until November 10 . "Every wee:k , every day counts , 11 Mr . Churchill says gr i mly . "We don ' t know what is going to ha ppen in Eygp t before we can att a c k North Africa . " Conf e rences during the busy day include the following : Generals Ward and Oliv er of the 1st Armored Divis ion come in to discuss matter s pertaining to use of their unit in TORCH. General Clark tells Gener ~l W ard t h at any units t Rken f r om his co mmand t o form the Headquarters Securit y Force will be returned to him ,·,hen his division enters the theater . There is some discussion as to whether the 1st should retain its M- 3 tanks or exchange them for the newer M- 4s . General Ward feels it wou ld be un•✓vise to make the substitution at this time because of additional training involved . Colonel Hamblen re p orts that it a pp ears that SOS of the European theater will b e unable to maintain a U. S . force in North Africa until such time as the line of communications can be shifted to the U. S . Gener a l Gale makes a sim ilar report . He also outlines the relatively l ,ng time required for the overl and movement of the Al giers force to Tunis under the latest plan . Late at ni gh t, it looks as t h ough neither General ~isenhower of Gener a l Clark wi ll go to wva hington s at present . The y recommend against it to General Marshall , p ointin g out the nec essity for both of them remaining in_:.- ondon un~J~~~J~ is mor e de.finite L . �l 19 ( LONDO SEPT . 4 , 1942--President N, Roosevelt agrees to l essen the Casablanca force and i t look s as thoug h TORCH now is finally shaping up into a definite operation . The President sends the follow ing c able to the Prime Minister : - "I am willing to redu c e the Casablanca force by the number of combat loaders c apable of carrying a force of one r egime ntal comb , t team, a pp roxi ma tely 5 , 000 men . Since a similar reduction was made in ori g inal Oran assault for this releases a tota l of Bri ti sh and U. S . co mba t lo aders f~r some 1 0 , 000 men for use at Al g i ers . As that loc ality has been estimated as the softest sp ot, this combat loaded force ma y be found sufficient wi th whatev r else it is f ound posr-db le to improv is e . "I do not s e e advantage of Eisenhower or Clark c oming over at this time . I know they have heavy and pressi n g responsibilities in organizing slo wly-arrivin g Amer ic an forces and I am sure we have a ful l understanding of their viewpoint . Fur thermore , I do .. want to see Eisenh o wer later on before f ina l takeoff and t wo trips a ppear out of the question . ·'Ve wou ld be r:;ad to see Ramsay and Mount l batten if you wish to se n d them , but I do not desire thnt thei r vi s it shall c ause any delay in reachin g a final de cision . 11 I h op e to c ab l e you tomorrow a l ist of U. S . naval craft wh ich c an be made avai l ab l e fo r th e op e ra ti on . (Si gned ) Roosevelt . 11 Gener a l C1 ark calls the combined TORCH staff into conf eren c e and details the overni ght develo pment s . He tells the officers that at l ast it l ooks ns though the TORCH p l an is definite . "The divergent views of the two governments a r e clo se r to a[!reemen t and it now ap pears likely that one additional combat te~~ from the U. S . will be taken from the Patton for c e r-tnd made av n ilable for the atta ck at Algiers , " the ge ne ral says . "'+,'hat wi l l g ive u s one comb a t team from here , the 16 8th ; one comb at team from the Patton force, and the U. S . Ranger Batta li on for the initial assault on Al giers . 11 Sa y ing that force, whi c h will be fo llo wed u p by General Anderson ' s British troops , will total about 1 1, 000 men, Gene r a l Cl Ark asks Admiral Rams ay if he t h in ks the troops can be lift ed and car ried to Algiers . Ramsay says he thinks they c an be and adds he thinks we might be ab l e to get three combat t eam s through at Al g i ers . " I n that event , 11 says General \Jlark , 11it v10uld be necessar ; to have one Bri tish c ombat team . I t was the President ' s idea that the initi al ass ault at Algiers be made by American troops that would take the p ort and se i ze the airports . Then you (lookin g at General Ander son ) would l a nd and pass through on your drive to 'I'unis . Our information is that there will be li t tle resistance to American troops . I intend to make Ryder ( Gener al Ryder of the 34th Division ) comman der of the Algiers force . I am go in g to bring him here so you t wo c an plan and coor dinate the Algi e rs attack . Oran is set up and ready to go ahead under General Rooks ." Anderson -- 11We 1 d like to have you tak e Cl ark -- 11We 1 d like to v e ry m 1 . Ryder ch Gener a l .c;isenhower has ordere d General Lee sup p ly problem . He I re particularly ,101·ried suppl~es for the attacking ~ over our Algiers p l an . " c an go over it wi th you . up so we can go into the about maintenance and �( Anderson -- "Do you still want the Br it ish br:r gad e g r oup s ?" Cl ark -- "Yes . Beach par>ties for all three combat teams would be highly desirable if your forces are in follow - l>IP floating , re ser v e . Now about t he date . It lo oks li ke Nov embe r 7 . The co nv oy from~he Un ited States probably will sail about October 20 . The assault won 't be any sooner than November 7 , I believe . " Mockler - Ferrym9.n--"Our intelligence operatives say a Sunday would be an i dea l d i- y. The closest 1 Sunday is November 8 . " Cl ark -- 11 'Sunday , eh? They hit Pea -rl Harbor "/elsh - - " I think General Anderson I s forces so they c an l and at bo t h Algiers and Boug i e . " on a Sunday . " should be situated Clark- - 11Ryder 1 s orders ,·•ill permit him to pus h east and tak e Bougie . If he c an get the assistan ce of the French he will push as far east as he is able to go . There are many questions vie a r e p;oing to have to work out . It loo ks as thoup-..,h we are gett in ~ nearer and nearer to gether and closer to a solution . " Aft er General ql a rk outlines what air stren gth appears availab l e for TORC Air Vice Marsha ll Welsh s ays he believes H, the air force at Casablanca i s "frightfully bi p.; in vi ew of the f a ct that a ir oppos i t ion there 'vill be smal l . 11 He asks that an air pool be built up i n Oran so it c an be moved either east or west . Gene:ral Clo.rk says he is going to take every pl ane the U. S . will g iv e to the oper ation and then leave its use u p to the Commander - in - Chief 's dis cretion . Admiral Ramsa y po int s out that a Bri tish to be designated for the naval forces supporting He also speaks of the nece ssity for U. S . naval p aning the U. S . combat t e ams and exp r esses the Navy will brinp; in the necessary personne l to Or an . commande r will have the Oran attack . beach parties accom hope that the U. S . operate the port of After th e c onfer en c e , General Gale tells Gene-r ql Cl ark that the British Quartermaster Genera l "is willlng to p ut at our disposal anythinp: he h as in the way of equ i pment and/or personne l. " He offers to furnish a B:ri ti sh "mov ements officer" for t he Or 1= force an:1 m General Cl a r k a c cepts because it will be helpful in vi ew of the fact that all shipping in volved will be Briti sh . General Gale mentions that the Brit ish Director of Movements will re 1u i re an outline plan by September 15 . Gene-ral Cl ark receives a report that the 168th In fantry c ombat t eam no w training in Scotland " i s not far enour-.,h ad v anced in basic training for the t ask involved . 11 The g ener al orders str engthening of the commmd "from the top d own :' Wit h D- day no w set back , the General rbelieves it mAy be poss i b l e for the 16th I nfantry combat team t o be trained at Inveraray during the pe riod September 25 - 0ctobe r 5 . He tel l s General Lemnit z er , the new G- 3 , that i t i s "most important �I~ ( I for each c cmbat te am to have about five days' training in going over the s ide fr om the c ombat lo ade rs into l. mding cra ft and a c t ually l anding on the beach." This will not involve c ompl ete unload in g of the vess e ls but some of th e heavy e qu i pmen t - -inclu ding g uns and trucks -- must be includ ed in the pract ice exercises . Li eut . Co l -: e l Ramsey returns n frcm a qui c k visit t o Gibral~ar a n d he r epo rts that t he accomodations there are adequate for the advance headquarters of TORCH . Gen e~a l Cl a rk , relaxin g a lit t le a f t e r the h e ctic schedul e h e has be en follo wing for th e pa st thr ee days, r emark s to c onfi d ants what a p le asure it is to v✓0rk u nde r and b e a lon gs ide General E is en ho wer . ( "'l'hj_s wou l d be an almost intolerable situation were it not for my fortunat e , clos e , pe r so n a l re l a ti on sh i p wit h the Supreme Comrnande r,1' he says . "The cooperati on we ha ve is the result of having been old friends for a lon g ti me ; the result of having •.r rked together o before on many , many pr oblems . The r e ' s a definite advantage in having of fi cers vrh o know each oth e r we ll wor kin g together . r t makes the situation much more compa tible and , in th e p r ese n t c ase where we are wo rki n e; s o clos ely together , I kn ow how and w hat 1 Ike 1 thinks a nd says . And he kno ws the same about me . N~ther of us has to worry about wha t the other is doing a nd , ther e for e , c an c on c entrate fully on his own work . It's an ideal team combin at ion and a solid t hi n g to clin g to in he c t ic days li ke t h ose we have just been going throu~h . 11 Odd ly enough , it was General Cl ar k , then a Brigaaier General , wh o suggested to General Marsha ll that Gen er• 1l Eisenhower , then a col onel , would be the ide a l man for the War Dep=i.rtment P l an f" div ision . rt was General Clark who announced, as he was speaking to a wa r games criti qu e in L ouis i ana in 1 941 , that E is enhower , who was sitting in the front row , was a bri gadier ~ene r a l . The t o men have been friends since west Point d ays . Whenever either man has been asked vrho should take a certain .job, each has reco mmended the other . Samuel p olitic TORCH p l an n ers Hoare , British a l implications have received a v ery interesting n ot e from Ambassador to Spain . It discusses certain of the p l an . Sir "The operRtion known as TORCH s eems to me to raise man y pol11 iti cal as we ll as mil it ary problems , " Sir Samue l writes. It s su cc es s or failure may indeed principal l y depend on po li t ic a l develop me nts . With the French attitude in Africa res ts the issue between a hazardous milita ry operation and a p opular movement of liberation , with the Spanish reaction the vit a l secu r ity of' our lines of commun ication . It i s to the Spanish considerations tha t I addres s myself in this note . ( "The t emp tati on to cut our lines of communication will be v ery great . We shall a pp ear to have put our neck between two Spanish knives , and Span is h knives are tradit ionally treacherous . The Germans will be on Gener al 1''r anco 1 s ba c k dinning into his ears : "Now is I! ' �I~ ( 1/ ) your ti me . You c an cut the Allied throat , destroy the naval and air bases at Gibr altar and win a da zz lin g re ward for you r country in North Afric a . 11 Let n o one und e r -r ate the p ower of t h is t emptat io n , or think that because n i ne Spaniards out of ten d o not want war , General Franco mi ght n ot r is k it for the bi ~ stakes that i n t hese ci r cumstances it m ght off er him . He and hi s brother - in - la w made no secret of their wi s h to s ee Germ any wi n the war . What better chance than this could t hey have of expeai ting a German vi c tory ? Spanish help might take on e of t wo forms . Spanish guns , manned by Spanish troops , might fire on the harbor and airdrome of Gibr a ltar and i mmobilize them in a few hours , or German bombers be perm itted to op erate from Sp ani sh territory . I n bot h cases a c ti on migh t be swift and v ery dama gi ng . 11 II Hoare su~ ges t t hat the Allies econ omi call y and p olitic ally must accumulate the mAximum of Spanish go od - will in the ne xt fe w weeks . xx x On the p oliti c al side ,,,e must avoid incid ents of all , kinds that are likely to inflame the Spanish g over nment . Our intelli ge nce organizations must be parti cul arly cautious , and we must keep off p rovo c ative acti nn x x x . 11 He s ays the Allies "must , in addition , be prepared wi th effe c tive sa n ct ions in c ase this policy of goo d - will f ai ls in its effect . t hey must be read y to strike back if Spain dire c tly or indi re ctl y atta c ks them . There should therefore be av a ilable a striking force -- air,sea and land -- to make imrne1:g'ate r eta li ation ag a inst Span is h territor y . u Ho are next suggests that 11we would diminish the danger if we do not rely exclusivel y on the straits for our entrance and e xit and part of the expeditionary force were based on Casablanca and the Atlantic s eaboa rd . 11 "More important s till , " s A.y the British s ambassador , "is t he size of the exp ed iti onary force . It is absolutely essential xx x that i t should be of such strength as to make reasonably sure of some swift success . Any ini tia l fa i lure or fumbling will be alrn o st c er tainly fatal so far as 'Spain is c onc erned . xx x . 11 Hoa r e recormnends thart. t 11a c aref u lly worded de cl a r ati ;n shou l d be made b ,, H. M. p;overn ment and the United States rsoverrn nent , stating t l at we sha ll res pe ct the integrity of Spanish te r ritory.xx x and that nothin g that is b ein g; d')ne prejudi c es Spanish claims R.nd aspi ,,,ati '"lns in the future . x x x 1'urthermovfi , it is most important ' from the Spanish point of v iew , that bothJmili tary aperations and the p oll tic al approa ch to the Spanis h Govern:m-e:o...,ti; Uni .ted States the gov ernment should take the lead . The American Ambassador in Madrid should , I suggest , transmit a persona l messap;e from the President to General Franco ass u ring him of Amerlc tc,n p;ood int -.: tions . x x x n "LaE!tl.y I f 9e l -'c~ut _i_f between now and the dAte of the ope -ratio n , Rommel gains c on siderable victory , or events in Russia permit of a substantial withdrawa l of German divisions to the west , the risk of Spanish co l lus ion with the Germans will be most seriously in c reased . " ( tha t Cab les are pouring the major tactical back and forth now . General features of' TO1,cH "be settled Marshal l suggests immediately . 11 �f ( ) LONDON SEPT . 5 , 1942- - Fifty-six , United States warships have been earmarked for TORCH and Admiral Ramsay is satisfied that the force will be adequate . Arrival of President Hoosevelt's naval strengt h cable to Prime Minister Churchill fills in one part of the TORCH preparations p icture that has been noticeably missing . The President says the maximum number of American that c an be mad e available for TORCH is as follows: one battleship , --tw~ old ba t ttleships, one aircraft carrier , aircraft carriers, (these craf t capable of c arry in g 78 30 dive bombers) , t wo eight -i nch cruisers, three large cruisers ; 40 destroyers , and six fast minesweepers . / naval vess~illS modern two converted fighters and six - inch Al though t hi s list ls not final, Admiral Ramsay says he is satisfied that the American naval force will be strong enough to sup p ort the Casablanca landing . He adds that "by some juggling of available shi pping" the necessar y lifts for seven regimental combat teams can be found for the Oran and Algiers landings . Other s h ips a l so are b e ing located from which troops c an be landed on the beaches sane time after the ass ault . This personnel wi ll use the same landin ~ craft that the first assault troops will have used in g oing as110re . ( General ~l ark is pleased with the way TORCH is now shaping up . At last he feels that the p l anners have their feet on the ground . The only problem still in snarled shape is that of supply . He CRlls in Generals Gale , Lee , Gruenther and Lemnitzer and Colonel Hughes . Gale says that be c ause of the convoy schedule , it will be necessary to sup ~ ort U . S . forces from the United Kingdom with 40 days of supply from this cou..~try . Gale , Lee and Larkin are instructed to confer vii th the British Quartermaster Gene r a l immediately to deter mine what sup€lies may be obtained from the British . Colon e l Hughes , who , General l ark believes , has the best over - all p i cture of the sup p ly situation , es timates that the SOS of the European Theater can. meet food and ammunition re ouirements for 40 days in the No rth African theater . He bas es this estimate on a force of 112 , 000 men . I n addition , Hughes says u p to 20 days of supply can be furnished in many other categories . Lee promises to g ive a 11complete p ic ture " of the :st pply situation on Monday . He says he wi ll call upon the U. S . for s h ip ment of supplies that cannot be obt ained f rom the Bri tish . The main SOS difficu lt y lies in serious shor t ages in a few items, notably spare parts for weapo n s a nd for motor vehicles . These , the general orders, must be obtained from the U. S . as quickly as possible . General Cl ark points out to General Lee that sup _p figures ly must be based on the Tab l e of Basic Allowances since , even if assault u 1its land at a reduced scale , the remainder of their equipment will com e in with fo l low-up conv )ys . ( The routing of supply convoys re quired from the United States to support the Oran and Algiers forces is discussed wtth Colon e l Hamblen . General C lark tells Hamblen that until a lin e of communication is opened direct from theU . S . to the Mediterrane nn , supply shipmentswill be sent to the United Kingdom , thence to North Afr ic a . �( General Ryder flies in from his headquarters in Northern Ireland and is told by General U1ark that he is going to command the Algiers assau l t . He is told the c omposition of his force: his own 168th Infantry combat team , one combat team frcm the Unit ed States (pro babl y a team from the 9th ~ivision) , and one British brigade group . These three units will go down assault loaded . In addition , Ryder will have anot her British brigad e group unit load ed and in floating reserve . Ryder ' s command and the status of General Anderson is a touchy matter . General Dewing comes in to tell General vlark that he believes General Anderson should coJ:rll'l1 the .nlgiers r:i nd force from the outset . Such an arran gement, G0neral v1ark r <.;pi es , is contrary l to the a~ree ment between the two governments that the assault on North Africa will led by Americans . General Ryder will command during the landing oper ation . General Cl ar k tell s 11lm he must work with General Anders on and make use of the plans developed by the British First Army when TORCH called for a combined Anglo - Americ-,1n assault . Qelleral Ryder is setting up a 34th Division TORCHheadquarters at No . 1 Cumberland ~lace, the same building where General Anderson is now located . Gen eral Clark stresses to General Ryder that it is "most important" that he get along well personally with General Anderson "no matter how difficult that may be . •• The status of traJ.ning uf the 168th combat team is discussed with General Hyder . Rep orts cam ng dovm f rom the amphiblous base in Scotland indicate the team needs much mor e prac~~ev. uen~ral Clark telephbnes British General Drew, connn.anding the base, and te l ls him that he proposes to send General Porter to the training area to push the 168'j?;h and that in all probability the unit will remain in train in g until September 20 . General Clark proposes to replace the regi mental exGcu tive, two ba. ttalion corrnna nders and others if necessary . General Dr ew says he feels the situ ation with respect to th e 168th "is not hopeless . " Ryder feels that the Colon e l of the 168th should be retained in coll1mand. One of the most difficult things for a sup erior officer is to change co mmands but Generp..l CJ.ark s ays that personal feelin gs must not enter into decisions that involve such nn important mission and the lives of so many enlisted men . The remainder of' the 34th Division, of which t he 16 8th is a part , and the rest of the 1st Armored Division -- th~t part not par ticipating in the ori g inal assault at Oran - -will be brou gh t into Oran as soon as possible after the assault . Additional Oran forces will be taken fro~ t he United Stat es directly to the North African theater once the operation is under way . However , there is a pos"ib:li that the 29th uivision , which is due to arrive in the United King dome l ate this month u ,1der corrnnand of General Gerow , might be used in the new th , ater, movin~ down to Africa soon after the original assault . Brigadier Vogel comes in to discuss Anglo - Americ•::in co •nmands and is told that after General And er son lands he will take over the Algiers command from General Ryder . The British generals command will include U. S . tro0ps . General Anderson must be prepared to land a~ainst ty �,, opposition at Al giers and Bougie . Brigadi0r Vogel is also told that Admira l Cunningham is ~oing to be N~val Commander -i n - Chief of the combined United States-B rit ish fleets und e r the supreme c ommander of the operntion . Admiral Cunningham is coming ov r from Washing ton to j')in this headtuarters . Admiral Ramsay has ~one to Washington to take over the British Navy end of TORCH over there . Gen~rals Lemnitze r , Oliver and Rooks c ome in to discuss with General v1ark matters pertaining to the Oran Task Force . The y are to l d that Combined Operati n s now re ve rts that land ing c rnft is available for an armored c cmbat team to train at the Nor th I reland amph i bious base . Gener a l Oliv er is pleased , saying this is preferable to ship p i ng his armo r ed Unit to Toward. Oliver is told to go ahead and prepare for training his team i n I re l and . I t now looks as though the 1st Armored c::mbat team will use M- 4 instead of M- 3 tanks . The M- 3s c annot be loaded on the type of assault eq u ipm ent that is go ing to be used on the three Maracaibo type l anding boats that wi ll take the tanks ashore at Oran . M-4 tanks have a l 1wer silhouette and can be lo aded aboard this type of c raft . LONDON SEPT . 6 , 1 942 -- Prime Ministe r Churchill , cables Pres id ent Roosevelt that he feels the TORCH p l an is substantia ll y set and that both nations shou ld go "full speed head" in preparations to execute it . This is the c able he sends Mr . Roosevelt : ( "We ag r ee to the mi litary layout as yo u propose it . We hnve plenty of troops high l y trained for landing . If convenient , they can wear your uniform . The. will be proud to do so . The shipping will be all ri gh t . I have just had your number 184 ( a cable) and it is ev id ent that you too have skinned yours u lv es to the bone . Unless we suffer serious l ,)sses in the assau lt, we consider th at the naval forces now jointly to be p rovided justify us in g oin~ f u ll sp eed ahead with sta ging operations . I am sending Admira l Ramsay with the ag r eement of General Eisenhower ov er at once to furnish Admiral Cun n i ngham with the means of go in g into n a val details with you . I t is i mpe rative now to drive straight ahead and save every hour . I n this way alone shall we realize your strategical design and the only hope of doing anything that really counts this year . We strongly endorse the re quest which we u~derstand Ei senhower has already made to Mar shall that the force you are r eleasing from Casablanca may be sent ov er here complete with its regimental combat team . Kindest regards . 11 (si gned ) W inston Churchill. • Norfolk House is humming and officers are arriving by the score ev ery day . General Rooks has set up the framework of his Or m Task Force and they are working lon g hours making detailed plans . A g r eat m8ny officers of the II Army Corps are being brought up from Long ford Castle . General Ryder is gett in g his Al g ie rs Task Force p;ro up into operation and it is working with General Anderson , mnkinp; the greatest possible use of previous British planning . General Truscott , who was l eft at Norfolk House as a contact officer when General Patton returned to the United States , is integrating the plans of the 0 �Casabl anca force with the plans - being made by the Algiers and Oran gr oups . General Cl ark , gvtti n g reports from a ll three g roups , remarks what a burden it is off his shou l d ers fuo•·ha ve such an able staff . He knows every key man per s onally and knov1s h is capabilities and spec ial ties . General Cl a rk merely makes a daily report to Gener a l Eis en hower . He has been g iv en a free hand to make decisions and he sends out ord e r after ord e r with General Eisenhower ' s name signed . On th e matters of greatest imp ortance , the Command~ r-in - Chi ef and his deputy conf er at either General ' s of fice . Be c ause some uni ts now under co mmand of Ge ne ra l Hartle in Northern Ireland ( the 34th Division and the 1s t brmored Di~ision) will participate in 'T'ORCH General , Clark te l ephones Gener a l Hartle and asks him to come to Lon d on so he c an be oriented on t he plan . Co lo nel Robinette , who will c ommand the 1 st Ar~o r ed co mbat team that will assau lt with the 1s t Div isi on at Or an , is c alled in for a conference . He reports th at he is experiment i ng to determine t he best metl od of landing h is tanks on the Oran b ecich . He is trying out Mara c a ibos and rubber Jontoon eq ipm en t . He believes that whe n the armored unit moves forward fro m the beAchhead it should be con troll ed by the Oran Task Force co mman der rat he r th an by General Al l en who will lead the 1st Division . W ith the radio equ i pment his c ombat team has , dir e ct .commun ic at ion may be established between armored c olum ns and the task force co .rnnR nde r w11 0 may either be afloat or ashore . The ra d ios have a r ange u p t o 1 00 miles . / Wit h the naval p roblem finally shaping up a nd with the v ar i ous task force co rrnnande r s getting their plans in to shape , General Clark turns to the aviation problem . W th Col ,ne l Bentley i he talks over the tra ini ng and empl yment.of transport squadrons and pa rac hute troops . Bentley believes the ent ir e parat roo p attack should be c 0n c entrated on Oran whic h he says is the lo g ical p oint of _atta ck . He thinks the paratr oo p units art.:; of in suffici ent st ren gth to spre ad them in two or t hree p l 9ces . He is inst r uc ted to g iv e General Cl ark a memorandum sh owin~ what transport souadrons and c ommande rs are avnilable and wher0 he wants them trained . General C1 , rk will i ssue necessary ord ers as soo n as he ha s the memorandum . General Cl ark questions Col onel Bentley co nc erning the probab ili ty of cr acking u p trans 1Jorts in the 1 ndings south of Or an . Bent ley s ,ys there v·ill be room for 1 2 transports to r etu rn to Gibral t r . The remaining 20 transports wi ll fly south after the paratroops hiwe jumped . The planes vlill Lmd i n the desert and he is h opefu l that these landin~s c an be made without too grert dam re to the ai r pl,ncs . Gene~al Gilkerson of the 8th Air Force i s c ll ed in to discuss that u ~its part in TORCH. Offe nsive operations a~ainst Germany must be curtailed in order to p repare B- 1 ?s and otrer aircraft r e?dy for African operati ns . The curtailment must start soon . Gene ral Gilker son does not l_ke the co1r1mand setup , saying he f ee ls that for:n8 tion of a new fighter conunand he td( 1uart e rs- - u sing air u ,iits from Genera l Spaatz 1 1''igh t er Co1unand , - is a mistake . He believes the bvst solution '.,o ,1ld be to use the existing fighter command headquarters . He r epo rts that Gener n l Arnold has warned him that our air forces in North _J �~ I ) Africa are liable to face v0ry -strong German air u1its after October High - ranking officer after hi~h-rankinrr officer file, into General Clark ' s office . General Allen has moved a planning group of the 1st Division into Norfolk House to collaborate i-rit', the Oran p.Lanning group . G<n<.:ral Sla~': c lls General Allen and General Andrus, commander of 1st Division artil l ery, in for consultation . He ~oes over the Oran oper•a tion with tnem and certain changes in ls t Di vision commands are discussed . Generals Lemnitzer and Rooks confer with the D vuty Col'lll11ander- in - Chief concen11ng training for the Oran ex pedition . Stress is placed on the trainirig of shore parties th:=it will accom1)any the regimental combat teams . A general de:.:iling with an operation the size and importAnce of TORCH has to deal with a multitude of tl ings , large and smal l. But today General Clark gets the strangest request to date . It comes from Colonel Eddy , the U. S . Naval Attache at Tangier , r orocco , who is currently here for espiona~e CJnference . The memorandwn he sub mits to General Clark deals vlith nine problems . This is the stran~e one: 1 11 1 recommend th t on D- day , ·vhen the landing operations actually begin , I be authorized to arrange for the assassinatirm of U e members of the German Armistice Commission at Casablanca and for any members of the Germr-m or Italian Armistice Commissions who may then be i:r.1;the city of Oran . About twenty of the German Army and Navy office ~s live tog1.ot:1er in a hntel in Casablanca and t ,e assirmments have already been made for this job to men Hho have the demolit1.on materials already in their hands . I micyit add that our principal agent in Casablanca is the father of a boy who was shot a.s a hostaq:e in Paris recently and the father is impatiently awaiting 1)ermission to carry out his assignment ." The general 0 . K. Looks good 11 reads the memornndum, to me . M. 1 . c . 11 then pencils in the margin : , Colonel Eddy 1 s report is fascinating . It details what under cover a~ents will work with landing forces at Casablancn, Oran and Algiers . All of t~ e agents are Americ,ms who have great prestige and remarkable cont~cts in French Africa . Another part of Colonel Eddy ' s report deals 'with plans to destroy key power stations , tunnels and bridges in the areas where the attack will take place . These plans are complete sine~ they were designed in anticipation of Axis aggression . These are the sidelight facets that must be taken ca··e of to prepare for the operation . ' . �LONDON, SEPT. 7. 1942--Six words-- 11We believe it to be satisfactoryil--put the TORCH operation on an all-out. green light basis today as Generals Caark and Eisenhower reply to a revised directive sent them by Gener al Marshall. It states: "The operation will be executed at the earliest possible date. as fixed by the Commander-in-Chief of Allied Froces participating. with the view of accomplising as rapidly as possible these initial. intermediate and ultimate objectives: (1) Landings in the Casablanca area and the Oran-Algi ers area. to be sil]iultaneous if practicable . with the establishment of lodgments in the Casablanca area in French Morocco and in the Oran-Moetaganem-Algiers area in Algiers. (2) Seizure of ports for follow-up forces. (3) Rapid explotation in order to acquire complete control of the area. including French Morocco . Spanish Morocco (if the situation requires) and western Algeria to facilitate extensi on of effective air and ground operations to the eastward. (4) Combined air. ground and sea operations with the view of insuring complete control by the United Nations of the entire North African area from Rio de Oro to Tunisia inclusive and to facilitate air operati ons against enemy forces and installations in the Mediterranean area. 11 I r General Marshall receives the briefest cable to date from his two top generals in the Euro pean Theater. The cable, signed by Genera l Eisenho wer, says: "General C1ark and I have discussed the l anguage of the proposed directive and 11 have nothing to state. We believe it to be satisfacto7y. Lat er the Chief of Operations of the War depart m ent is sent a long cable that says: 11We are now apparently a s sured the. t substantial agreements have been reached and that all preparations can proceed unhampered by uncertainties and changing conditions that heretofore have placed heavy additional burdens upon all pl a nning personnel and troops. I assure the Chief of Staff that we here have at le ast some faint understanding of the tremendous difficulties he has had in bringing about this res ult and that we are h i ghly a pJ reciative and grateful." The Comma der-in-Chief n and his deputy pledge they will ma.~e only i m ative peJ requests and they ask "your complete support in assuring prompt satisf a ction." Every request coming from the the a ter for TORCH l l be based on minimum requirewi ments. The TORCH leaders declare they 11will not tolerate submission to the War Department of requests and requisitions that represent anything more than the bare essentials." They warn that there will be thousands of reque sts for maintenance su~plies, since it is hard to know what the SOS has on hand in the United Kingdom. Everything will be done to avoid duplic ation. Once again General Clark concentrates today on the important air plans involved in TORCH.All air plans will be headed up and coord inated by Air Marshall Welsh. The Britishe r will be air officer on the staff of the Supreme Comma der; n there will be no-over-ell air commander for the operation. Gener al Doolittle will head United States air units and an undesignated R.A.F. officer will head the British units . I Welsh questions, during a l ong conference with Generei Clark. the advis cbili ty of using air tr ansport squadrons for the movement of pe.ratroops to Oran. General Clark agrees with Welsh that the r ap id movement of grou nd forces �\ to Tunis by air in order to beat Axis forces to that key point may be of the greatest importance to the success of the entire undertaking. Welsh says the use of paratroops at Ora.n should be weighed carefully against the possibility of losing many t1·ansports in that opera .tion. Such a result would limit our abilj ty to move ground forces later by air to Tunis or ea.st of Algiers. Welsh reports that he has s~t up a balanced and versatile R.A.F. unit to support both army and navy opera .tions at Algiers. All air ~orce units will be under the Supreme Commander and he will decide how and where bombers, fighters and transports will be used. As soon . as set decisions have been made as to objectives and distribution of the available air power, Welsh will be given a directive and air pla.ns will be coordinated under his supervisi on. This plan will be presented to Air Chief Marshall Portal for his approval insofar as the Briti sh command is concerned. Following the conference with Welsh, Genere.l Clark calls in Colonels Gale and V andenberg. They discuss Welsh 1 s proposals and Vandenberg says he feels Welsh's plan is "char acteristic of the British in that it does not provide sufficient air support for ground troops. Gener al Clark tells hi m that he will go to Port al , if necessary, in order to obtain more air attack support from the R.A.F. but that this will not be done unless we are convinced it is necessary. General Clark emphasizes the necessity for the Br itish and U.S. Army Air Forces to get together and work as a team in the TORCH operation. Whatever the initial distribution of air forces is, Gener a l Clark declares, it must be possible to 11 concentrate for an attack eastward from Algeria. Plans, 11 says the general, 11 must have in view the concentration of air strength in support of ground fore es striving to reach Tunis before the Axis can gain control of that vital area. 11 Vandenberg points out, while the subject of getting more Bri tish bomber support is being discussed, that it will take about nine weeks to tr a.nsfer bomber squadrons from operations in the United Kingdom to operati ons in North Africa. He ad ds that operations of the four U.S. fighter gr oups now in the U.K. mus t stop very soon in order to prepare for movement to the new theater. Welsh also mentioned that British fighter squadrons to be used in TORCH a.re now being prepared for their missions but that U.S. squadrons earmarked for the · same theater are still opera.ting a.cross the English chan nel. Gener al Clark orders pre paration immediately of a directive i:repa .ring the U.S. air force for the African operation. As to the use of para troops, Genere.l Clark proposes to set up an airborne task force under the command of Colonel Bentley. The directive is being prepared and combined training of tr a nsport squadrons with paratroops will be started. Colonels Bentley and Raft and Major Yarborough, all para.tro op experts, are called in and told by G ener al Cls .rk that a single locality should be selected for the _paratroop attack and that Oran a.ppea.1·s to be the logical place. Raff says he will be able to jump about 520 men, using three squadrons of transports. General Clark stresses that Colonel Bentley's command over the paratroops will terminate as soon as the men reach the ground when they will come under the Oran Task Force com anner. m Bentley, who has spent considerable time in North Africa, also recommends that the TORCH a ck be ma.de on Sunday morning. He says that French officers att and many enlisted men habitually leave their stations on Saturday afternoon an d do not return until late on Sunday. He believes resistance would be materia .lly less on Sunday than on a. week day. The probable Sunday is November 8. �\30 1 Another problem that is causing concern is the strength and use of automatic weapons units. Gener al Clark says these units must be integrated into the regimental combat teams which they will support. General Thiel and Colonel Harriman are called in to go over the problem. Harriman says the required number of 90-mm anti-aircraft guns are on hand but that we are still short of automa.t~c weapons. General Thiel agrees to turn over automatic weapons available in the European Theater to the TORCH operation. Genera,l Clark plans to assign two automatic weapons batteries in the assault. A full automatic weapons battalion will be assigned to each armored force combat team. Harriman re ports that automatic weapon s battali.ons are being trained to use their weapons as anti-tank guns. General Allen. when he comes in for conference. is also asked about the automatic weapons situation and he is told that such units will begin training with the combat teams with which they will be in assault. Genera l C1a.rk decides that the remainder of the 34th Division and the 1st Armored Division will follow the assault elements into Or~n. The 29th Division. which will arrive in the U.K. during September might be sent to the African theater. although, at the present time, a plan to bring a division direct from the U.S. seems preferable, the general says. The date when the next division can be brought into Oran will depend not only on the convoy schedule but also on the ability of the SOS to supply additional units in North Africa. ( Colonel Wolf. commanding an Engineer Am phibious Brigade. is told genere ,l that he tentatively pla .ns to use the engineer boa,t brigade at The shore regiment will furnish the beach parties for the Oran force. eral tells Colonel Wolf that he proposes to bring the entire engineer the TORCH operation plans as soon as possible • • • by the Ora.n. The genunit into • LOND N SEPT. 8, 1942-The toughest problem a nd perhaps the crux of TORCH O . is rapidly becoming logistics--getting men. materiel, food to the scene where fighting _stars and tactics come into play. The SOS has no accurate record of what supplies are on hand in the United Kingdom. General Lee says he has unbalance& stocks for only 15 or 20 days use in the North African theater. Be,sed on the convoy schedule it is estimated that 45 days of supply are requir ed for TORCH and that that amount of supply must be in the United Kingdom by October 10 so l oadin g can get underway. Because the supplyon-hand situation is so confused. General Lee and General Clark agree that a cable should be sent immedia tely to the United States asking for shipment of the entire 45-day requirement. 11 This soluti on , 11 says Genera l Cla.rk , "will undoubtedly result in the shipment of many items alr ea dy in the U.K. in sufficient quantities. However, since the SOS does not know exactly what it now has, and there is not sufficient time remaining to find out before taking acti on to obtain supplement ary supplies from the State s , this soluti on appears to be the best open to us. tt General Gale and Colonel Hamblen do not believe such a large shipment can be made from the United States in time for a November 4 D-day and Gale proposes that theAlgiers assault and follow-up conv oys be loaded completely before the loading of the Oran force is started. He esti mated this will give us an additional 13 days to secure our equipment and supplies. No difficulty is anticipated with �obtaining agreement from the Director of Movements and the commander of the First British Army has already agre ed to the plan. Colonels Hamblen and Ross estimate that 25 to 30 cargo vessels would be needed to move the 45-day supply from the United States to the United Kingdom and they doubt that this number of vessels can be assembled without considerable delay. Gener al Styer of the SOS who arrived rec, ently from Washington, proposes that the cable be sent at once and that SOS headquarters in Washington will have to determine what can be done to meet the demand. Styer too doubts that the tonnage requested can reach England by October 10. Lee is told to 11bend every effort toward getting equipment and supplies that are available here in the SOS ready for loading. 11 Genera,l Styer remains behind to talk to General Clark and tells him that his obse rv ations whow that 11no one knows exactly what we have in the way of supplies in the United Kingdom or where they are. 11 He says the ration situation apperas to be well handled. In extenuation, however, he says SOS units are short-handed and adds that operations people, generally speaking, 11do not appreciate the import1rnce or magnitude of supply problems until confronted by a situation such as now exists." General Hartle, now commanding the Vth Army vorps in North Ireland, is brought over to be oriented on TO RCH. General Clark tells Hartle that he might be placed in command of the Oran Task Force, using the II Army Corps staff which is now preparing Oran plans under Genera.l Rooks . The plans for the ea.stwal'd drive to Tunis may be revised if French resistance in Algeria does not materialize . General Anderson is called in and it is decided that troop transports will move into Philippeville and Bougie and unload at dockside if posr,ible. This will expedite unloading of supplies and lessen the distance to be traveled inorder to beat the Nazis into Tunisia. The British Navy has agreed to furnish the extra ships. General Ryder, who will command the initial assault on Algiers, then turn the combined command over to General Anderson, joins the conference and, once again, General C1ark stresses to both officers their command relationship. General Ander son is also informed that the Allied Force Headquarters probably will be in Algiers once the operation has started and the British general intimates that the locality "might be a little small for both headquarters." Gener al C1a.rk JEplies that Algiers is a city of considerable size and that it should be able to hold both Anderson's headquarters and the over-all TORCH head quarters. The possibility of eventual Br itish withdra.wal from French North Africa is also discussed and Anderson says that if all goes well his force probably would be used farther to the ea.st against Rommel, rather than be returned to the United Kingdom. Plans for b8 additional Algiers attackRyder says his Algiers Nava l 11 get along all ti mes. 11 the Algiers assault are well developed, Ryder reports. He asks for 36-foot assault boats since he hopes to use another unit in the -~, Brit ish Commandogroup in which he will insert some U.S. troops. relations with the com~ander of the British 78th Division and the Task Force commander are very pleasant and he adds that he will right with General Anderson, although it is a little difficu lt at Gener vl Clark also dives into the air problem again. He brings in Air Marshal Welsh and Colonel V ande nberg and tells them General Spaatz now understands that his primary task is to get the TO RCH air force ready. Thes e units DTU.st soon be withdrawn from Europe an operations and this brings up the problem of explaining the sudden stopp ag e of that task which been receivin? extensive pub licity. �That knotty task is being turned over to G-2. Both Welsh and Vandenberg understand fully what air operati ons are involved in TORCH and they say they are satisfied. Welsh says he now understands that in addition to the transports to be used in the paratroop attack, ap prxoimately five other squadrons wiil be available in the United Kingdom for later operations in North Africa. That will make a total of 65 trans ~or ts plus those still dip eoperating condition after the initial attack. Welsh suggests the formation of a group of transports under headquarters control that can be used in moving troops and supplies anywher e in the thee ,ter. Detailed maps and mosaics are now being assembled by the G-2 section. The photo map coverage at Algiers is good while th a t at Oran nnd Casablanca are fair. Models have been constructed of some of the beaches with the work in the Algiers area completed. The Oran beach models will be ready by the end of ieptember while those for Casablanca ar e being made in the United States. Excel lent , detailed · photogra phs of these models have been made. They show every detail of the shoreline. Mosaics on a scale of about 1/15,000 will be distributed down to companies and, possibly, pl atoo ns. ( Norfolk house is now throbbing with activity. The rabbit-warren like offices ar e filled with busy officers and men, holding conferences, poring over maps. The tempo of work has been step ped up and lights burn behind blackout curtains until after midnight in many offices, particularly the plans and train ing and the intelligence sections. General Clark hardly has a chance to get up from his desk, so fast do the high-r ankin g officers under him file in for conferences that are shaping up TORCH.At Inverary, Tid wort h, Longford Castle, Cheltenham, Northern Ireland, troops a~e training and brains are working on the task ahead. Generals Clark and Eisenhower dine again with Prime Ministe r Churchill again evening. Mr. Churchill is his old bubbling self and, now thab TORC has taken H final shape, the Prime Minister is eager to 11 get on with the show." He mentions ~ peatedly that he wants the operation to start 11 the earliest at possible date. , • • • LOND N SEPT. 9, 1942- - Although the problem of supply for TORCH still O , is in a confused state, the SOS has begun packing for shipment to North Africa ~ll task force items that are presently available. They will be taken to the ports where vessels will be combat loaded. Items being packed are based upon requisitions from the list a.nd 34th Infantry and the 1st Armored Divisions. The cable that will request 45 days of supplies for the TORCH operation has not yet been dispatched to Washington. General Lee 1 s draft gave the impression that 15 to 20 days of supplies were available from the United Kingdom. General Clark, watching every out-going cable like a hawk and keeping his fingers on scores of section pulses, says this is not an accurate statement of the true situation, hence, he directs clarification of the message. Regarding ships to move the 45-day supply need, General Larkin re ~orts that if 25 ships arrived from the U.S. and accompanied the convoy to North Africa without reloading in the United Kingdom, he might be able to have the supplies in the hands of the tr oops in as little as ten days after its arrival. This would expedite things materially. Colonel Stirling, sedretary of the British War Cabinet, reports to General J �...... I Cle.rk that the Prime Minister 111s pressing the Bri . ish Chiefs of Staff 11 for early t action on TORCH.General Clark is asked what fe .ctors are preventing a. D-d.ay earlier than the tentative first week in November date and the Deputy Supreme commander outlines it thus: Some of these fRctors a.re the non-arrival of equipment for the 1st Division, lack of maintenance supplies, unbale ,nced SOS stocks, the date of arrival of the Algiers force combat team from the United States (October 10), conversion of combat lo ade rs, and completion of auxiliary carriers in the United St ates . Also, the schedule of amphibious training for two regimental combat teams of the 1st Divisions calls for a termina .tion about October 8. I must repeat that we insist upon time for assault rehearsals a.nd we are unwilling to put British soldiers in United States uniforms. 11 11 The British naval support plan .is submitted to General Clark and he comments that 11 acti cally the entire Brit~ ·sh fleet will support the attack in the Mediterpr ranean.11 He describes Admiral Cunningham, who is coming here from the United States to head the naval pa.rt of TORCH,as 11 damn best man the British have. 11 It lo oks the as though aircraft carrier support will be the weakest link in the plan. The Prime Minister has been dabbling with the idea of having a force from Malta attack Tunis at the same time American troops are landing at Algie rs, Oran and Casablanca but his military advisors think such an attack is 11 little a too bold. 11 The Brit ish have proposed that a combined planning staff with army, navy and air re pr esentatio o of both British and Americans be formed. The proposal is typical of r equests that result from the differ ences in American and British staff organization. General Clark declines, saying the proposal, if adopted, would result in partial adoption of British staff procedure which is largely a committee system. The British, he adds, a1·e having some difficulty in understa .nding American staff menhods and for that re ason "procedure has not always been as smooth as it might be. 11 That was why a British Deputy Chief of Staff (Brigadier Whiteley) was included ten days ago in General Cla.rk 1 s headquarters. General Clark explains to Whiteley how, under the American system, a commander presents questi ons for investigation to his genera .l staff and how the staff officer concerned obtains the best inforlllB.tion from ell sources before giving an answer. General Clark says that the decision reached some time ago--t.o follow U.S. staff org anization and procedure-should not be changed. The discrepancy in U.S. and British ranks also causes complications. For inst ance , Colonel Vandenberg points out the Air Marshall Welsh, who will have only three British squadrons under him, corresponds to an Am erican lieutenant general while General Doolittle, commanding the American air effort which will be much larger, is only a Brigadier Gener a l and highly outranked by Welsh. The same difficulty exists in both air and ground commands. General Lemnit zer and Brigadi er Vogel report that General Anderson has put in for the shipping required for his third and fourth follow-up convoys. The total requested is greater than all ship ping availabe for the Mediterranean at the time it is asked for. Gener al Clark tells Lemnitzer that the distribution of the follow-up shipping in the Mediterranean must be spread out for both Algiers and Oran but that Algie rs will hll.ve priority over the Oran force. The general approves for planning purposes the staff recornnendations for supply level~ estimated ammunition expenditure, ga soline and oil consumption and ho spitalization. All classes of supplies will be built up progressively for the total force ashore to not less than the following levels: by D-30--14 day level; D.60--30 day level; D-90--45 day level. �( Movement from North Ireland to the Swansea and Liverpool aree ,s of two boat battalions from the Amphibious Engineer Brig ade is authorized by the General if billets can be found . These units will be going into training for use in the Oran assault. Actual practice in loading and unloading vessels, which can be obtai ned at Liverpool and Sw ansea . will be of great training value and the Gene ral is anxious to get it started. The problem of handling public relations once TORCH gets started comes up for discussion. General Robert Mc Clure is called in and he feels that P.R. officers be placed under the control of G-2. If public relations are pla .ced directly under the Chief of Staff, General Mc Clure feels the c/s will be forced to arbitrate between the conflicting interests of publicity and censorship. If both are placed under G-2, the Chief of Staff will be saved much time and trouble. MAjor Phillips, now a public rele .tio ns officer in the European Theater of Operations, has been recomm ended as P.R.O. for Allied Force Headquarters and General Clark proposes to bring him into the group shortly so policies and plans can be developed , • • • LONDON, SEPT. 10, 1942--Plans for the attack on Oran ar e progressing rapidly. General Allen, whose 1st Division troops will spearhead the assault, tells General Clark he is well satisfied with development of plans for the landing. Small details of the assault are beginning to be developed now. General Allen plans to arrange with the British for reco nnaisse .nce of the Oran beaches by officers of his staff prior to the attack . They will make their survey from subrns.rines. General Clark approves the plan in principal but insturcts Gener al Allen that actual arrangements "must be cleared through me i n view of the possible lass ofi sec urity involved. The British believe that Allen's combat t eams can be put ashore faster as units if companies embark on different ves sel s in the convoy. This, says the Genera l, brings the disadvantage of having companies separated during the voyage and beyond the control of battalion commanders. One complic ati on for the Ore.n task force has a1·isen. General Rooks reuorts that new medium tanks arriving in theU.K. a.re M-3s ra .ther than the planned- M-4s. The M-3s a.re not the right shape for combat boats so unless M-4s are received, light tanks will have to support the Oran combat teams. Geneae.l Clark calls in Colonel Hamblen and discusses the tonnage that can be put asho1·e over the Ore.n beaches in the four or five da.ys the assault convoy will be anchored offshore . The general 1 s Oran staff has figured 11,500 tons to be the maximum, this figure being based on the amount that can be lifted by the ava ile .be l anding era.ft and the physical capacity of beach parties to handle the loads . The possibility of using 11coasters, 11 each of which could ca.r·ry about 1,000 tons with balanced laods, is being investigated. If these "coasters" can be obtained they will make possible the use of add itional facilities at some other small ports in the Oran region. The chief air advisor for TORCH has been che.nged. The British Air Ministry has instructed Air Marshal Welsh to command R.A.F . units supporting the Eastern Task Force (Algiers) and have assigned Air Commodore Saunders to Welsh 1 s old job. The general once again plunges with Welsh into the thorny air support problem. �1 The capacity of the Gibr alta r airport is discussed. Undr:r present plans 250 fighters must leave Gibra.ltar during the first three days. In addition, three fighter souadrons will be needed for loc al defense so must remain at Gib. In addition, th;re will be some aircraft on su bme.1·ine patrol and others for the fleet air arm . General Clark says 11it seems possible that we must reduce our total req u irements somewhnt. 11 Welsh is detailed to determine the maximum airport capaci ty of Gibr altar so it can be determined how the reducti on can be effected. Cra ted Spitfir es can be erected at Gibraltar at the rate of 20 a day so, under present pl ans , this means the work must start not later than D minus 12, or around October 21 . Welsh feels that as the fighters begin to appear at the Gib airdrome, the Axis will be strongly tempted to bomb before the force begins to operate. Present pla .ns calls for 168 American pilots to arrive in Gibraltar by special convoy on D minus 14 and Welsh suggests their arrival might be delayed by having a small detachment test the newly assembled aircraft . General Clark instructs Colonel V andenberg to cable the War Department that final decision as to the employment of the TORCH air force would be made in London . He expl a ins that a large force must not be com mitt ed in advance to the 11 Casablanca operation . 11 0ur air plan must be feexible, 11 says the genend. It must provide f or such contingencies as the failure of our ground force to get ashore at Casablanca , or fo r strong Axis rP.action early in the operation over the Mediterre.ne an coas t with no resistance by the French in the Casablanca ar ea . In any event, we must be prP.pared to mass our air effort to the east where eventually the strongest hostile air forces probably will be met . 11 British Commodore Troubridge tells the gener al that heavy air attacks are not likely outside a radius of about 200 miles from Sardinia . Troubridge has seen a great deal of service in the Mediterranean. The shipment of fighters to Russia is placing a handic ap on TORCH air pl ans . General Lyon says the British have agreed to furn i sh Russia with 200 fighters a month and. because they a re falling behind in deliver ·ies , they have substituted American P-39s , which were in the U.K. enroute to Russia from the Stat es , in place · of British Hurrican e s . Vandenberg r epo rts that 54 P-39s that were in the U.K. are already enroute to Murmansk and that another 220 are either .loading or on their way to ports fo r shipment to Russia. That leaves only 20 P-39s available in the United Kingdom. Vandenberg also r eports that the British could replace the P-39s with Hurricanes for TORCH use but only at the expense of British Fighter S~uadron s already set up for TORCH. The problems of logistics and air support now occupy the Gener a l virtually throughout the entire day . Naval support and troop dispositions have been disposed of and groups are working on them with definite plans and facts before them. General Po1·ter returns from Inver a r e.ry and tells General Cla.rk that he is pleased with the way the 168th Inf a ntry regiment combat tea~ is shaping up. Colonel 0 1 Daniel has been placed in command of the regiment. Porter has-just seen the team go through a night assault exer ci se • • ( • • L~NDON,SEPT. 11, 1942--Two inter est in g TORC H-vit a l d~velopments come up today : (1) Everything possible is going to be done to strengthen the Algiers force, and , (2) An expert tells General C1ark that a Casablanca landing would be possible, because of surf conditions , about one day out of seven. -.P ~ �( General Anderson's request that additional shipping be furnished him to strengthen the Algiers force is discussed at a conference that General Clark holds with Generals G , Gruenther and Lemnitzer, Commordore Douglas-Pennant, ale Brig adiers Vogel and Whiteley and Colonel Nevins. Anderson wants to get into ~hilippeville and Bone as soon as possible to start driving toward Tunis. For this reason he wants the necessa .ry troops afloat close behind him when he first l ands at Algiers. Vogel points out that if Anderson's reque st is met, the British force will be able to move east on Tnnis at an early date but that the Oran t0~ce will be penalized by relative immobility until about D.50. G ale declares that fulfillment of Anderson'srequest will involve more shipping and naval escorts and that such a move would have to be taken up with the Briti sh Admiralty since it would reflect on the world maritime situation. Gener al .Gale asks whether we are prepared to accept reductions at Oran in order to strengthen the Algiers force and General Clark replies "yes, but the extent of the Oran reduction must be given study and General Anderson will not necessarily be given all he requests. 11 Reason for such a decision is that the occupation of Tunis before the Axis can move in is still one of the prime reasons for executing TORCH.General Lemnitzer is instructed to go into Anderson's requet at once to determine equitable distributi on of strength. After that decision is made, General Gale will make a definite proposal to the Admiralty. Proposed modification of the plan will be of no value unless the shipping can be found and the navy can provide the necessary escorts. The expert who brings the disconcerting news about Casablanca is C,V. Clopet, an intelligence officer who has spent 12 years in Casablanca. He says surf conditions along the coast of French Morocco are very unfavorable at this time of year and in his opinion landings will be possible on about one day out of seven. 11 attempted landing on other days, 11 he says, 11may result in disaster." An He suggests daily reports from Casable.nca on general weather and tide conditions . Clopet tells General Clark it would be wise to plan.alternative to landings through the surf, direct attacks at s~.all ports along the Atlantic Coast. In that way, troops could be landed at dockside. He adds that defense of these small ports 11is wea.k kand could be overcome easily." Conversely, the defenses at Casablanca are strong against any attack from the sea. He believes defense there would be vigorous in case of direct attack. He believes there are eight submarines, 14 destroyers and a battleship based at Oran and that this force is ready for action except that the battleship probably would operete at reduced speed. The report by Clopet bears out a point already stressed by General Clark: that the chances are at least one in four that when Patton's force arrives at Casablanca the condition of the sea will be such that a landing won't be possible. That means the Casablanca Task Force will have to lie offshore waiting for the right conditions and meanwhile the Oran and Algiel's attacks will have been made and Casablanca defenses will be on the alert because they undoubtedly will know that a large force is waiting to attack . The time schedule of three simultaneous attacks will be upset. General Spaatz, comm ander of the U.S. Air Force in Br itain , comes in to go over TORCH air problems with General Clark. The air genera.l reports on the difficulties he is encountering in trying to prepare for TORCH , at the same time, and maintain operations against Germany and the occupied European countries. Spaatz �l 37 says that Briti sh Air Me.rshal Slesser is "defi nitely opposed to us using either P-39s or DB-7s 11 in TORCH. The air general believes the United States planners of TORCHshould press the matter and General Clark promises to do so. Air Me ,rshal Welsh reports that the capacity of Gibraltar airdrome will permit 175 fighters to depart on D-day, that 220 planes will be able to clear for North Africa by D plus 4 and 250 very soon thereafter . Late in the day, General Lemnitzer and Brigadier Vogel, completing their study of General Anderson's request for additional forces, recommend that he be allowed a total of 51,000 (7,000 less than requested). General Clark approves the recommendation. This means that at the time of arrival of the third fast convoy, the distribution of troops in the area will be: Algiers, 110,000; Oran 70,000. General Gale is taking the plan to the Admiralty to see whether or not the necessary vessels and naval escorts can be provide d . A staff coordination memorandum comes out today . It places General Lemnitzer in charge of plans and training , making tim responsible for coordinating the Allied Army, Naval and Air Operations Plans and Training staffs. Bri gadier Mockler-Ferryman gets the same type of assignment as hea d of the Allied Intelligence staffs and General Gale is named chief Administrative Officer to coordinate the Aroy, Naval and Air administrative staffs. No G-1 has been named yet. Generals Clark and Etienhower leave overnight conference with Prime Minister officers. ( Ill London late in the ev~ning for an Churchill ~nd high-ranking Brit ish • CHECKERS, ENGLAND,SEPT. •12, 1942--Prime Ministe1· Churchill, des p ite his great eagerness to launch TO RCH at the earliest possible date, agrees after long conferences starting last night that the North African assault will have to be postponed until about · November 15. Mr. Churchill agrees after Generals Ettenhower and Clark and high Britishofficials outline the obstacles in the way of a late October or early November attack. From the tiflle the two genera.ls arrive at Checker£ unt,11 they depart around noon , TORCH--its problems, its shifting plans , its hopes--is almost the sole topic und.er discussion. The two American generals explain the difficulties in getting ammuniti on a nd arms to the United Kingdom in time to get it aboard combat loaded vessels. the stumbling blocke in pl a nning for TORCH air support, shipping space restrictions. The other conferees--Gener a l Sir Ale .n Br ooke, Lord Louis Mountbatten , Lord Leathers (hea d. of the ?War Shi pping Administration), Major Ge neral Holmes (British Director of Movements), Vice Admira l Moore of the Home Fleet, and Colonel Hollis, Secretary to the British Chief of Staff--support are;uments for the postponed date . The shipping problem is growing more acute. After dinner, while the of f icers a1·e conferring with Churchill in his study, a report comes in tha .t seven submarines have attacked a n Allied convoy in mid-Atlantic a nd ten ships have been sunk . It is not known yet whether the convoy was east or west bound. No matter which way it was headed--east with fighting supplies and food or west in virtual ballast--it means ten less shi p s for war shipping end every ship is beginning to count more every day . �I \ The problem of getting airc raft earmarked for Russia re-assigned to TORCH is discussed and Churchill says 11 11 convoy number 18 is now enroute to Russia PQ. and if it goes through successfully Churchill says he 11can 1 t bring myself to tell Joe (Stalin) that there just ain't going to be nc more convoys this year 11 because of TORCH demands. Russian convoy 19 is now being loaded and whether or 11 not it sails depends on the success of 11l?Q. 1~ . If tho convoy. now halfway to Russia and approaching the danger zone where it must face bombardment from land based ple.nes. is "smashed up, 11 the Prime Minister says 11 11 19 will be transl?Q. ferred over to TORCH use. Tha.t change would throw TORCH D-day back to November 15. Lord Leathers reports he has succeeded in :pulling 150 or the 200 P-39s destined for Russia out ob 11 11 19. l?Q. If convoy 19 goes through to Archangel, all the ships frozen in 11 for the winter . That will mean the loss of at tons of shipping that could be used, at least in part , in ister recounts a Russian convoy anecdote that illustrates condition of the British navy. 11 I will have to remain least a quarter-million TORCH The Prime Mfo. brutally the serious , 11 1 don t like to tell you this , 11 Mr. Churchill says to Admire.l Moore. It hurts me more than a little. But when I was in Moscow last month , Joe turned to me, during a discussion of the Russian convoy loss es , e.nd said : 'You have no glory left in the British Navy. Your navy only runs the:: Brit :i.sh convoy halfway to Russia. then turns around and dash es back to England \lh ile the merchant ships get slaughtered . ' St alin is right and imagi ne me having to take that kind of a lashing from Joe. 11 11 ( Churchill asks if some destroyers can't be taken from the Indian Ocean fleet ) to help TORCH.And, the Prime Minister, the old sea dog who was the First Lord of the Admiralty in the First Worl~ War, is told that the British have only seven \ destroyers in the Indian Ocean and that they constitute a force barely le .rge enough to give protection to the rather small fleet operating in that r egio n. The British Navy, General Clark remarks later, "appea rs to be in a hell of a sha pe . 11 , The Prime Minister suggests that to help TORCH the present schedule of a US-UKconvoy arriving every seven days be changed to every ten days. Lord Leathers tells him that would mean the loss of 50 , 000 tons of shipping space per day. Churchill blinks . Every way the conferees turn in an attempt to find a shortcut , the answer comes back inevitably to: D-d.a must be set back ! ,y At one point, Mr. Churchill discusses a report that has just come in to him. It says th e French Governor of Madagascar has just invited the Jppanese to come in and help the French resist British troops who are consolidating their hold on the isla .nd. Says Churchill, bitterly: "There are a certain number of skunks \sho come to the top in skunky times! 11 The night ·conference with the Prime Mihister lasts until 3:15 A.M. when Mr. Churchill, who is notorious for staying pp late since he naps in the afternoons, turns to the weary and worried men and says jauntily: ( 1 guess there's to bed! 11 11 no use keeping you people up late . Yo might as well go u �7 -'-. >';" ( Later , the general along. ( ==s.;;:; - I I Returning to London, General C1ark plup.ges immediately into a series of conferences that last until well into the evening. The snarled SOS situation is gone into again with General Gruenther and Colonel Hughes. Stressing the fa .ct that loa.ding of the Oran force would start Octobe'r t';rJ-eneral C1ark tells Hughes that combat weapons .for the 1st Division must arrive in the United Kingdom by Septembe 26. This is the bare minimum of time for the weapons to be distributed and combat loaded . The general stresses to Colonel H ughes th.at he must make it 11 vividly clear 11 that if the weapons are not here by September 26, the aua.ult teams will have to attack with insufficient arms and ammunition. 11 Mrucethem realize, 11 says General Clark, 11that is something isn't done and done fa .st those men will ve going in virtually with only their bare hands. 11 rell'.8.rks thnt 11 the SOS has let us down badly all the way 11 Brigadier General Craig of the U.S. Air Force goes over the TORCH air problem with General Clark. The chief topic concerns how the R.A.F. and the U.S,A.F. can't get together on how much air support should be given TORCH.Craig is asked to sit in on a conference with Cocm odore Saunders, Colonels Vandenberg and Brigedier Mockler-Feriyma .n. The divergence of opinion on the strength of the air forces results, Sua.nders says , from the fact the Air Ministry is planning a ·more or less abert term view of TORC while the U.S. pla .n is more inclusive. H That accounts for the contemplated U.S. A.A.F, being so strong and the R.~ .•F. relatively weak. The Air MinistDy does not wish to commit , at this date , any more aircraft than are necessary for the seizure of North Africa. If t he attacks are successful , the R.A.F. will rush over more air support so the assault can be continued eastward. On the other hand, the U. S. is not only planning for air support of the initial ass ault and the drive to Tunis , but is also p-eparing for a continued , vigorous, long-range offensive, possibly against Sardinia and Italy. Attempting to find out the exact status of equipment for the Oran Task Force , General Clark instructs General Rooks to detail ten officers to work in cooperati on with the SOS in en attempt to find out what equipment is available and move it to the assault teams as soon as possible . This search will be not only for 1st Division equipment but also for equipment for the 1st Armored Division and the Engineer Amphibious Brigade, all of which will be the spearhead at tackers at Ore.n. General Oliver, commanding the 1st Armored Division, reports to Genere.l Clark on the attack proposed for his force. Because of the type of landing boats available , the 1st Armored will go ashore originally with light tanks. The heavy tank battalions will follow later. Reason for this is that the M-3 tanks with which Oliver's division is equipped will not go in the Maracaibo boats and, not knowing if M-4s, which will go in Ma .re.caibos , will arrive in time~ Oliver's plan is now set and it does not depend on the equipment of heavy tank battalions. General Clark makes one succulent success. It is: remark as he discusses 1s TORCH chances of ''If Spain, as the result of our North African landings, enters the war at the side of Germany and jumps on our back in the Mediterranean , we in TORCH might as well turn in our suits. 11 • .. • I �} LONDON, SEPT. 13, 1942-The question of 'Just how French leaders , military and civil, can best be approached in North Africa when the 11zero hour 11 is near has come up for discussion. Both British and Americ an planners of TORCH feel that a straightforward statement from Pr,sident Roosevelt should be delivered to the authorities at the 11th hour , even as the assault forces are making ready to clamber over the sides of the combat loaded ·ships and start ashore in the dark . The gist of this message should be that the Amsr.ican forces are going to land, that they have but one goal-to beat the Asis into Tunisia , that French territory will not be occupied except to achieve the eastward drive goal and that the cooperation of the French in Norh Mrica is asked. This message \rOuld be delivered by Mr Murphy or some other Amer. ican official who has the respect and trust of the North African French . General Cla.rk believes this plan should be carried even farther . He thinks one of the high comme.nders--either General Eisenhower or himself--should be ready to go to the leading French official should he ask to see the leader of the a ttacking force . General Clax·k thinks the first thi ng the official will do upon being served the Roosevelt message wi 11 be to e.sk to see the expedition I s leader so he can talk with him and get oral assurances of good intent. The leader must be readily available . How to get him into Algeria so he can be ready for conferences is one of the major problems. Should he go in two or thrP-e days ahead of the attack , wear civilian clothes and wait for the 11th hour summons? Should he lie offshore in a small boat , waiting for the signal to rendezvous and be taken ashore? Is the risk offiying in too great? J \ '?hcse a1·e the kind of problems that confront the men workin g on the civil add political end of TORCH while the purely militaiy men go ahead with their tremendous task of planning for the attack . Another problem is to determine how, when and if the na.ve units wl.11 bombard .l from the sea . General Ryder, in discussing the Algiers operation with General. Clark,· says he is convinced the French Navy and coastal defenses are going to go into acti on as soon as the attack begins . He predicts house-to-house fighting in Algiers. "I hope the battleships won't lw.ve to bombard Algiers but if they must, they wil+, 11 General Clark says . He believes the general feeling growing is that t he French army will offer only token resistance . This ass~ption is based partially on reports from Madagascar where resist ance to a British consolidation of position during the pa st three days has been very light . General Ryder is concerned about what General An&erson is going to do with the American e,ssault troops at Algiers after the British force has landed end Anderson takes over cor.una.nd General Cle.rk tells Ryder that he and his troops wil l . be under General Anderson I s command and that 11 will have you until stability he is esta.blished . 11 General Cle.rk hopes to pull the American Alg i ers force back affer the British troops ho,ve landed in strength . The British plens are subject to . approval by Allied Force headquarters and General Clark tells his Algiers Task Force leader that he anticipates no trouble ove r the q_uestion of troop use, . Regarding r~sistance by the Frennh navy and coast defenses, General Cla r k says this hee,dquarters will establish a nd publish a policy to be followed concerning bombardment of French ports . �l [ Comrr.odore Saunders says the Air Ministry opposes diversion of the 33rd Fighter Group (now being ma.de rea dy in the U.S. for shipment to Afx·i ca) fllom the Middle East , for which it was earmarked , to the i\'estern Task Force at C asablanca. General Clark tells Saunders the decision has been made , presumably with the approva l of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in Washington , and that plans call for the group to come across aboard a British aircraft carrier that will accompany the African assault force . The air support picture is clearing slowly. Lord Leathers rep orts that 151 of the P-39s destined for Russia have been recovered from 11 11 19 for TORCH . .PQ. use Treini ng schedules of the 1st Division are discussed with Gener al Allen and Colonel Cof , his Chief of Staff . Loading tables mu.st be ready by September 16 and the 1st Division equipment will start going aboard October 8. As to the amr.iu.nition sup ply, Colonel Co1a, says the 1st Divisi on can fight for a week at Oran but after that time it will have to be replenished, not only with arnruunition , but also with spa.re gun and truck pa,rts . Genera l Allen is told that when the 18th Inf antry combat team completes tr~ining i n Ireland it will not be r e turned to Tidworth . The 1st Division commander is to find out from the British what bivouac areas are available in the north for the 18th when its amphi biou.s tI·aining is com~leted . From the cc~p it will go directly to the combat loaded boets . ( Colonel Vandenberg reports that AirCCommodore Saunders ap~ears to understand the American view-point on TORCH air operations better thon he for merly did. Saunders , however, is not clear on his responsibility in connection with the Casablanca operation. He is told by General Clark that "much of this pl anning must necessarily be 111Etde the United States but the plans are subject to in revision by us . They will not be changed unnecessarily . 11 In the evening , General Clark has Sunday dinner American column ist , and Mrs. Li ppman • • ( • • with Walter Lippman. the �I / ( LONDON, SEPT, lh, 1942--Use of British paratroops to aid General Anderson's drive eastward to seize ftai\is. discussed today and has the enthusiastic approval of Genera l Clark and General rowning, commander of the 1st British P~rachute Brigade, Machinery is set in motion to get the British paratroopers training in Sout~ern England with the 64th Transport Group (American) . General Browning , faced with General Clark's proposal, says that 11 any part or all of my force is ready for such an operation and we will be glad to take part in it. 11 Browning's 1,700 jumpers are trained and ready but the Royal Air Force does not have the paratroop carriers . The 64th , with 40 to 45 planes, is available and arrangements are made to have tne transport group start training with the British chuters by weekend , A unit of U.S. paratroops is already set up to land at Oran. Browning's group w.1.11be used to aid Anderson's force . Once the American :paratroopers bail out over Oran and achieve their mission--seizure of two airports--it will take them two weeks to be r ead y for another operation since they will lose a certain amount cf equjpment and time is required to dry and re-pack their chutes . Use of British 1,aratroopers will obviate this two week delay. Fully-equipped parachute units will be flown into Oran after the airports have been captured , They wil l then be fully prepared to participate in more easterly operations . General Anderson is greatly interested i n obtaining parachute troops and the proposed arrangements will be outlined to him . Colonel Sterling is called i n and he says such rapid action in obtaining the paratroopers might make the British Chiefs of Staff feel they are being 11short-circuited . 11 So, General Clark plans to draft a note stating that he forsees the need of using British paratroops in TORC and that he wants to make U.S. air transports H available for their immediate training and later movement to the theater. General Anderson comes in for a conference and says that he is pleased with what he saw in watching the 168th combat team in an exercise . He also speaks favorably of the 18th Infantry combat team , which is also training in Ireland. Real purpose of Anderson ' s call is to try and induce General Clark to reduce the number of U. S. ve.~icles being taken into Algiers in the early conv oys for use of U.S. signal and headquarters units . Genera l Matejka reports his purpose in taking the units is to have all communications in shape by D. 33, when the Allied Force headquarters is .scheduled to be set upi n Algiers. General C1ark decides to cut the number of sign a l vehicles on the second fast Mediterranean convoy to 25 from the original plan of 62. Gcnera,l Craig. who h..-1.s been sitting as a neutral observer while British and U. S. officials thr as h out the a ir support problem, reports to Gener a l Clark that he believes 11the situation has largely solved itself . 11 He says the directive given to t he Air Com modore appears workable in all respects and that the air appreciation prepared by Saunders will be satisfactory. Craig recommenus taking 11 all air strength possible " on the operation , pointing out the tremend ous distance we will be from our base in the United States compared to the R.A.F, ba ses in Brit a in . It will be relatively easy for the British to call for air reinforcements; it won1 t be so easy for us . A glaring example of lack of coor4ination arises today. General Gruenther reports that a number of signal units needed for theCasablanca force have been erroneously shipped here from the United States . ~NO of the units--the 56th and blst Signal Companies--cannot be replaced in the U, S. in time t o sail with the Casabl anca force . Officers are now trying to use these unite inside the Mediterranean or else find a ship to take them from the U,K. to Casablanca, Such a convoy complication would be 11 :rable, 11 General Clark says. �r Admiral Bennett . U.S. NRval officer in charge of amphibious training. is called in to discuss contemplated withdr awal of the Engineer Amphibious Brigade from his con trol. It is now at Roseneath. The maintenance company, n non- mobile organization that o:,t::erates heavy mechiner y and keeps l anding craft in condition, is particularly needed. Admiral Benne tt says. The Admiral and three members of his staff i s oriented about the huge ramifications of TORCH and he realizes the importance of his task. pointed to ward now-defunct ROUNDUP, s rapidly decreasinge i In vi ew of this, the Admiral says he will not oppose wit hdrawal of t he unit provided it is not done bef ore the amuhibi ous trai ning is more or less completed. G eneral Clark say s the unit probpbiy will not be 9ulled before November 1. Ad.mid. Bennett is told by Genera l Clar k that if the entire amphib ious brigade is needed in TORCH that he would have to take it but that he would not unnecessarily cr ippl e the current traini ng program in Ir eland . Genera l Ryder is ca lled in during the naval conference and he explains that he want s a naval officer to work with him in coordinating naval and military operati~ns during the l anding . Admiral Bennett promis e s to provid e an off i ce r. General Clar ·k i s told that the four naval officers tha t will accompany his advance gro up to Gib r a lt ar on D minus 3 will be Adm ral Bi eri , Captain Wright, i a communic~tions officer and one other off ic er. Admiral Cunningham, t he TORC H naval comm ander • will es t ablish his ba se in Gibr a lt ar a imut the same date. In outlin ing TORCH the navy m , General Cl a.r k tells Admiral Bennett: to en 1 We re now in t he thr oes of child birth. Serious trouble has ar is en over shipping, e.ir support , na.val escort, logistics. These have been great burdens and they are still on our backs . It lo oks , however, as though we have our head s above wate r now. 11 11 ( ' • LONDON, SF.J>T.15 , 1942--As the Targ et Date, cux·rently set as Novembe 4, r d.r ews closer and closer all problems of TORCH,save one- -logistics--seem to be cliiifying sa.tisfactorily . Loom ing ever bigger and bigger as a. threat to the success of the major move to defe a t the Axis is the snarled condition of sup:i,:,ly . General Eisenhower calls in all his high -r E<rJ.dn general toda.y: Generals g Clark . Lee and. Spaatz . He t alks fra.nkly to each of them about the pro~lems , but the re a l reason for the meeting--the r eason for \,h ich Genera l Eisenhower st aged the confer ence - - is to point out to Lee ths ,t the confused situati on on logistics must be clarified immediately . Just how much supply is available in the United · Kingdom for TORCH must be determined quickly and accurately . 11 Thi s thing is going off, definitely, and we'r e going to have to go in their if we have to go in armed with nuts and bolts instet=td of guns an d bullets General Clark declares . uwe•ve all got to realize that an early November date must be met and those boys can't go in their barehanded . " ( ," Later , Gene1·al Lee comes ever to confer with General C1a:rk who tells the SOS general of his 11 ap·prehension over the ability of the SOS to perform its mission . 11 The Deputy Comrr.a ,nder-in-Chief se.ys he r ea lizes how terribly difficult the SOS j ub is and e.dds that his only criticism is that he can ' t get definite answers to specific questions en what the quantities are on vital items-- ammun:ltion . spa.re parts , maintenance su.:p lies--wj thin the United Kingdom a,nd ju.st p what n.ru-st be rushed over from the UnHed Stat e s . �The conference is later joinAO- by Colonels Sa tzmtm and Adcock and Genera ls La1·kin and Gruenther. The group discusses detailed requis i tions which are being submitted to the II Army Corps to cover supplies which should arrive at OrBn on the D-lt convoy fr om the United Kingdom and the D-7 convoy from the United States. A total of 50 .000 tons can be handled by the port of Oran from both convoys and it is therefore im1Je ,tive that Gener al Lee determine whet proportion of this rs 50,000 t ons can be supplied from here so the War Department can be instructed as to the sui-;I)lief> which will have to ae dispatched from the United States direct to Oran on the D-7 convoy . General Lee sa.id he was confident he could furnish the breakdown of the 50 , 000 ton shipments i n the lfvery near future . " General Lee is ~lso instructed to answer categoric a lly questions submitted oy General -Gale ", :1 in a memorandum on 11 Ability of SOS to meet Initial Supply Demands. 11 Gale asks to have a Deputy in his over-el l org anization , an America .n to help him work on the supply bottlenecks that are developing . He says it is i)!q_uite impossible" for hiir. to keep up with all the detdls of planning for the supply of three task forces . Gale , in duscussing U. S. participation in the Algiers force , says he hopes supply requirements for these units can be met from SOS in the United Kingdom. He says he does not , as yet , have complete inforre a tion. ( The problem of giving the 1st Division combat teams the necessary amphibious tr a ining , yet , getting to the troops their fighting equipment is discussed by Genere.l Clark with Genere,l Allen and his Chief of Staff , Colonel Co~ .. Generals Rooks and Lemnitzer also sit in on the conferf-lnce . Genere,l Allen suggests that tte troopb go into training in Scotland, return to Tidworth and get their equipment , then r et urn to Scotland . G eneral Clark vetoes the idea, saying he sympathizes with the division 1 s problem of issue and loading but that he feels strongly that "we shouid take full advantage of all O rtunities ?po to train the regimental combat teams as fully as possible." He rules that a strong cadre , under the second in co mmand remain at Tidworth to µ- epa:re the equipment for shipment and , get it to the port of embcrkation. In that way, the cowbat teams can concentrate on amphibious training without inter~~ption . The TORCH force will load in the Firth of Clyde region . General Ryder and his staff come in to present , to Generals Clark a nd Eisenhower , the new Chief of Staff of Allied Force Headquarters , Brigadier General W B. Smith, and Generals Gruenther Rnd Lemnitzer . detailed e,ccount of how they pl an to assault Algiers . Working in front of huge maps in General Clark 1 s office , the enti1e 'Algieis plan is reviewed . General Clark says it looks "very satisfactory . 11 General Clark has General Ryder rems.in to stress to hir'l 11 that the capture of Algiers and its adjacent airports nmst take complete preced11 ence ove:r nny effort to capture Bougie . General Clark decla1·es that this 11secondc.ry mission , 11 for which a strong demand is made by General Anderson , 11is to be unciertaken only after the capture of the primary objective--the Algiers re,gion. 11 a Sandwiched in between the;;e all-:lmportant cor,ferences are meetings on more minor , but still highly important , matters . Gene r al Matejka reports that the British have agreed to the establishment of a connection on the Gibr1-1 .ltar-London cable . This line will run directly into 20 Grosvenor Sq_us • se a t of the .re European Thcetc r of Operations of the U. S. Army. It will connect directly with the TORCH operati ons room at Gibr altcr . Matejka says the com uuni cations problem at Algiers is lflss troublesome than at Ore.n. Communications with the convoy coming from the States will be th.ro 1.1gr. United States channels as long as possible for security reasons. It will be possible to commu icate with all convoys afloa .t n di:rectly from Gibraltnr . Major Philli:9s is ma.de public rde .tions officer of J �Allied Force Headquarters and instructed by Gent~·el Clark to outline the entire public relations program . He will operate, consecutively , at Norfolk House here , Gibr altar and Algiers . A fe\/ correspondents will be flown to Gibraltar and a limited number will accompany the assault forces . Phili~ps will also outline censorship propose .ls and determine who will be the field P.R . O. s with the Oran and Algiers forces . Du.ring the early phases , he will not have to concern himself with :press relations of the Casable .nca fo r ce since it is coming directly to the attack from the United States . Colonel Snwbridge , the headquarters G-1, has gone into the matter of r~placement~ for the task forces and reports the matter seems sa,tisfactory . • • • LONDON, SEP'EMBR lb , 1942--Robert Murphy, a rawboned, redhee,ded Stete DeE partment career officer who will be the key political man in North Africa prior to and during the initial phases of TORCH arrices under an alias from the United , States to get his final instructi ons before returning to Africa. ( I From t he airport he is whisked to a hideaway where he confers with Genera ls Eisenhower and Clark , Ambassador Winant , Bri gad i er Mockler-Ferryman , Mr. Mack and Averill Harriman . The most startling news brought by Murphy is th at President .Roosevelt has drafted a letter for a,lrnost imm ate delivery to the Fz·ench in edi which he tells them 11we 1 re coming into North Africa at an early date . " The letter 1 of which Murphy has a copy , does not reveal any det a ils . It is cleverly hazy, making it appear that the assault wil l come anywhere from next week to next s1)rir.g . It proposes that French General Gir a,ud be made Commander-1-n-Clief of all troops , with the French naturally included. The President hS~i~ ioy~H-fnein and head up everything--military , political , dvil and monetary . General Clark believes it is "da ngerous to let them know ahead of time a.bout the operation unless we are assured the North African French will come a long with us. If they are going to do so it should be hnndled through diplomatic channels and we should move in immediately . " The general remarks that Murphy 11 has a rattlesnake by the tail. 11 He describes him as a good , keen fellow but lacking in military background . 11 Murphy, who has not been in North Africa fo r several weekA a.nd .who will be returning to the United States so he cap fly to Africa fr om there, believes t he French will resist for only 48 hours and then C!tpitulate to the assaulting force . Murphy feels that upon his return to Africa he con organize groups tha .t can seize coast defense batteries, re,dio anci telegraph stations , new&po,pers, and sensitive points of communications and other key objectives . TORCH G-3 wil l p-epare a list of th~se objectives for seizure or destruction prior to or on D-d.ay. T"nese will list , th~ desired priorit y of destruction . Before the five hour meeting with Mr. Murphy, General Clark ca.11s in Mr. Mack so t hey can go over the poli tical situation. The general pl an to return to Washington within 10 days and he \1ants to t ake back e. complete report on the politic a l phases of TORCH Mr. Mack said he believed President Roosevelt's . message guaranteeing the integrity of French North Africa providing there is no resistance should be nelivered to General Juin, top-ranking general in that region . Mack says that Juin will not have control of the navy and it probably will start shooting. He believes Jui n 1 s reaction . upon receiving the President's note, will be that he has orders to defend and defend he must , or , that he will ask for tiwe to report to his government. Mack believes Murphy can handle Ji~in but that it might be necessary to have a military plenipotentiary standing by so that �either the C0moonder-tn-Chief or his deputy can go to him for consultatioh. maek also suggests i.that Juin might be flown to either General Eisenhower or General , Clark . Murphy, the general stresses, mu.st observe military action very c~os~l! when he returns to Africa a.nd keep Al lied Headquarters fully advised. ~enetal 1...r . Ola.rk points out that some system must be worked out so Murphy can send signals to the fleet to let it know whether or not it should start bombardment to knock out coaste.l batteries and other installations. TORC leaders are .convinced the H attack will not be R suprise. ( The enti:t'e political i:Jhase of TORCH canvassed. Vari ous methods of psyis chological warfare, including the use of airplanes equ ipp ednwith loud speakers , enroloyment of aerial sky writers, use of fireworks and leaflets, are discussed. Th; text of leaflets to bo dropped over Algiers , Oran and Casablanca depends on what President Roosevelt's m essage includP-s. General Cl ark suggests that it might be wise to attach coupons to the leaflets , the coupons to be turned in to some Allied head quarters for rations or cash. Certificates written in Arabic are being prepared to instruct natives who might surround crashed pilots that , if they return them unharmed to American military offici als, they will receive a certain amount of money. General Clark also suggests that booty be stored in warehouses to it can be passed out to native leaders to get their support or SY!l)111B,thy. The air support problem apparently is ironed out satisfactorily, leaving logistics as the only major TORCH hurdle. British and American views on the air operat ion are now harmonious and Air Commodore Sanders proposes to outline the entire di1·ective for final ap1rova ,l . Colonel Vandenberg reports that he and Sa.nders are in 11 full agreement 11 about pl a n strength and uses and that he believes arrangements for the da iv ery of ess enti a l ground supplies to air forces at Oran an~.casablanca are satisfactory. Sanders is told by General Clark th a t he plans to ..ttineral Doolittle at Gibralt a r since the Commander-in-Chief must have an a ir man at his side to advise him as the fighting progresses. Air commanders will be appointed and assigned to the three assa ult forces. ( The supply problem, \-A. time of the essence in deciding it , grows more th and more tangled. An SOS cable on sup ply shortages is held up because the list includes shortages for units not set up for the TORCH force. General Clark says the cable "would only further confuse the alre ady muddled supply situati on." Anyway, the requisition could not be filled in time for TORCH ding which begins loa October 5. Colonel Hughes is told of the instru.c t ions given yesterday to General Lee but Hughes is not cle ar as to wha t Lee is doing about it. Later Colonel Hamblen is called in and Gener a l Cla rk explains that 11 now pl a n to get such we maintenance supplies a s we can from the United Kingdom and ask for shipment of the remainder direct to destination from the United States. This seems desirable even if it r e sults in some overloading of port capacity. There is a possibility a few extra ships involved might be staged at Gibr a l ta r until berths can be found for them in the ports of Elestinati on. 11 ~ Possible use of a British Ma rine outfit, '4l.ich hi!s been sugge sted by the Prim e Minist er, is discuss ed by Gener als Clark and ~ruenther and Brig a dier Whiteley . The British officer is told that it is desirable to get the marines r eady for possible use by D-bO and th a t it would be u sed with artillery and paratro ops t o attack Sa rdinia and Sicily if the oper a tion develops suffi ci ently. When Whiteley shows appr ehensi on about use of the Marines, thi nking they might 11 replace anoth er out f it, Gener a l Clar k tells him they constitute ace i n the hole" and th eir u se is 11 very indefinite." an �7 General Ryder reports that the logistics problem for Algiers seems to be coming along satisfactorily. He is investigating the possible use of British ammunition and spare parts to make up shortages. He is W)rried about the continuity of U.S. command and is told to appoint Gener al Porter as his Deputy Commander so that command would pass to Porter automatica.lly in the assault phase. General Clar k exple .ins that the col7l1!'.e.nd definitely is to be American until General Anderson takes over. Captain Wright of the U.S. Navy comes in to discuss naval matters and says he is convinced the Straits of Gibraltar cannot be kept open if we hold only the south side, General Clark tells him it is the opinion of Sea Lord Pound that some convoys could be put through under those conditions but that if Gibraltar airfield and ha:lbor is bombed early in the operation before we develop enough force to move into Spanish Morocco , the Str aits will be closed and TORCH forces will be dependent on communications over the overland route from Casabl anca to Oron. A plR.n to cover this contingency is being worked out. • General Lemnitzer 1 s G-3 section is instructed today to keep in mind the necessity of preparing alternate plans to meet the following contingencies: closing of the Straits by Axis entry into Spain or hostil ~ action by Bpain herself; Axis or Spanish bombing of Gibr a ltar prior to D-day because 11due to the congested condition of the field all our airplanes might well be destroyed;" what should be done in case weather conditions ~e it impossible to land through the surf; the possibility of c simultaneous attack by British troops from Malta against Tunis on D-day; possible 11Tx,c;Jan Horse 11 tactics that might assist in the B,t tacks . ( • LONDON,SEPTE MBER 17, 1942--To circumv ent , at least partially, some of the ever-more-crucial TORCH supply pro~lems , General Clark rules that equipment held by troops that will not participate in the N0 rth African operation can be taken from them and put in the hand.b of the Oran Task Force . General Rooks is instructe.d to "get whatever you can for the assi,.u lting troops and the more com,l,)lcte the better . " General Larkin is called in to report on the progress being mf!.de in preparation of General Lee ' s supply report--concerning the breakdown of the 50 , 000 tons for the D.l and D.4 donvoys. As usual , the report does nothing but confuse the situation. General Clark tells Larkin that 11th e SOS sin:ply is not fulfilling its obligati ons . 11 He streGses that it is imperative that TORCH planners have a report showing just what is available in the United Kingdom for these h·o initial convoys and what items must be shi9ped immediately from the United States to fill in the ammunition , maintenance and other supply gaps . ( Admira.l Lyster of the British navy, a salty, colorful officer who will comJ?l.and all aircra .ft carriers in the Mediterranean during TORCH,comes in to explein his setup and make three interesting proposals to General Clark . He believes that at least 12 Spitfires should be detailed to be flying over Oran at the time our tro ops land so that they can begin using the two Oran airports just as soon as the Oran force seizes them. He suggests that it would be wiser to lose 12 planes instead of an aircraft carrier and thAt these land-bas ed aircraft will be better able to support ground troops than his can·ier-based plnnes . When the Spits reach -- �Ore.n they will he.ve enough fuel to le st two and ,::,hn:!.f hcurs. If the airports are not taken in that time , the fighter planes will have to land on the desert and trust to luck . Admiral Lyster also recorunends that TORCH lePders te.ke steps to procure an 18-e.cre graveyard on Gibrel tar. He we .nts to 11 ough the dead under" so the area pl for dispersing the 175 planes that will be crowaed on Gib airport ce.n be extended. 11 The living and the dead must make their contribution , " says the Admiral . Although he says he knows he is "getting out of my field, 11 Admiral Lyster propoun ds a theory of 11exploit, exploit, exploit" e.fter the or.ieration star·ts . He says we 11n.1st be ready to exploit the l anc ing and drive eastward at the greotest possible .speed. 11nt all costs . " He believes that troops on Malta--4,000 to 5,000, supported by fighter planes, should move from Ma te. in an attack on Tunis that would be l si¼!)ultaneous with our attacks on Oran, Casablanc a and Algi erE< .He offers to contribute 18 planes that would drop dummy parachutists to divert and confuse the opposition at Algiers . He suggests that it might be wise to etrip some of the bombers and 11stuff them with soldie rs'' so the drH'e to the eastward can be exploited . The Admiral is proceeding tonight to the Firth of Clye where some· of his units will engage in col!!bined operations tr eining and prepare for departu1·e of the huge armada that will make up the TORCH Mediterranean invasion force. ( The staff in Norfolk House is growing constantly. Today the permanent Chief of Sta.ff, Brig ad ier Gener al W B. (Bedel) Smith, reports in and star·ts . operating in the office next tc Genera .l Clark ' s . General Gru.enther becomes Deputy Chief of Staff . Other offices are filling up . Eight geopolitical erperts have arrived from the Unitf .d States . Gener a.l Doolittle returns from a ir plans conferences in Washington and Ger-eral Clark calls him in almost immediately. The air general is pleased with progress but tells General Clark he is going to do some "house cleaning " in his personne l to get stripped for ac tion. Genera .l Clark stresses to Doolittle • \~ho is qu:'.. an individt18list . 11the absolute necessity te for teamwork and cooperation with the British." Doolittle is inst ructed §o go over the TORC air dirPctive H with Air Com modore Sanders . Gener e.l Noce, over from the United States to inspect the J)re : a.redness of p the Engineer Amphibious Brigade, reports to General Clnrk that•!s pleased with the training the unit is receiving . The brigade is going to be used as shore parties and as port batt alions . General Clai·k informs him that he hopes to retain the landing craft used in the assault in the N0 rth African theater and later utilize the boat regiment to operate these cr uft in coastc.l sup~oy movements . l Noce praises the ability of the maintenance company which he says is ahead of the lia.vy in keeping landing ere.ft fit . Gener a l Clark tells him he has decided to leave the maintenance company on its present Joo in Scotland until November when it will pack up and prepare for movement to the T.a.RCH theater . "'c • LONDON SEPTEMBER , 1942-- A convoy crisis arises today to complicate the , 18 al r eady snarled TORCH supply picture and immediately all the resources of General Clark and his big staff a.re thrown into the bre ach to sol ve it. How many "battles " must be fought i n offices before the real battles start ! The U.S . Navy has decided that the maximum number of shi p s it can convoy safe l y from the United States directly to the African theater, arr i ving D- 6 , is 20 . This means el i minati on of the D- 6 convoy that was to carry a.11 t he gasoline �\.½9 that was scheduled for the Oran Air li'orce. A total of 8,000 tons of cargo would be unavailable and it is of vital import a nce . The Navy decision would also eliminate 3,008 aviation signal troo p s and 5,000 II Army Corps personnel. What the cable really means , says Gener al Clar k , "is that the schedule for convoys on whi ch everybody has agreed is all torn up. 11 Colonel Hamblen is instructe d to draft a re ply advising Washington of the seriousness of the situation. Meanwhile, the staff begins looking for a way to circuvent this new crisis . To balance the new and gloomy development on the nightmarish supply probl em, the air problem is straightened satisfactorily now as General Doolittle reports his ap proval of Air Com modore Sanders plan •• And Sanders agrees to enlargement of the plan to include the strategy of having 12 Spitfires circle over Oran so they can use the Oran air fields as soon as they can be seized on the morning of the assault . The possible sacrifice of the Spitfire--which will result if their ga soline run s out before they can la .nd. on the airdromes--is necessary in order to be ready to strengthen th~ weak carri er -borne support. The first of a series of tri-week ly TO RCH 8ombined Staff meetings is held today in Norfolk House and they pro bably will continue from now until the time the staff is re ady to depart, by air to Gibraltar and by ship to Oran and Algiers , for the opening of the _Second Front. { ( General Eisenhower, the Colllli'ander-in-Ch ief , presides at the long, green, cloth - covered tabl e . At his ri gh t sits General Clark, the Deputy Commander, and on his left the Chief of Staff, General Smith. The huge rectangular table , covered with pads and pencils, as htrays and place cards for each officer, is surrounded by every key man in TORC with the exception of General Patto n, head H, of the Western Task Force who is planning the Casablanca assault in the United States. The officers inc lude: British Gene ral Anderson whose task it will be to drive ea stward from Algiers to take Tunis; Air Marshall W elsh, Air Commodore Sanders and General Doolittle, who· will have charge of a ir operati ons ; Admiral Burrough of the British Navy and Captain W right, repr es enting Admiral Bieri of the United States Navy; Gener al Ryder, who will lead the Algiers assault force: General Rooks, at presenting planning the Oran assault that is presently set for the comma d of Major General Hartle , currently n in Ireland; British Genera l Gale, on whose shoulders falls the responsibility of directing supply operations; Brigadi er Mockler-Ferryman, the trim. mustached Briti sh officer who heads TORCH intelligence; Mx· Mack, the political . affairs advisor: and other brigadier generals, brigadiers and col onels who head th e spe ci a l sections in TORCH planning. Most important of these is Brigadier General Lemnitzer, the soft-spoken, blackhaired American who has charge of plans and training for TORCH. Genera l Eisenhower explains that he believes these tri-we ek ly · conf erences will give all of i cers a chance to air their problems , share their views. He explains that Gener a l Clark, after handling org a nization of TORCHsince it was decid ed to make North Afric a the major theater, will be Deputy Comma d er and n fre e of paper w ork once the operati on starts. He explians that General Clark probably will fly into Gibr a ltar three or four days before TORCHis to start and that he (Eisenhower) will be there on the day previous to D-day . . Later, th e Alli ed Force Headquar t ers will be moved to either Algi er s or Oran, de pe nding on conditions but with Algiers preferable. The entire chain of co ffilllc~ is explained nd a nd Gene r a l Ei se nhower .9 oints out that since TORCHi s essentially an all-Am erican opc rati oni' it was deemed wise to have Am ricans fill e the key spots . General Eisenhower wil still re ta in his post as Commander of the Europe a n Thea ter of Ooera tions, designating a depu t y ju s t before he depar t s for Gibraltar. This ret ~ntion �a / of comm nd will make it possible a for TORCHto ha ve priority on any replacements that might be wanted from the United Kingdom. Later, two theaters of operations might be set ~u:p--one for the European Theater and the other for Africa. General Eisenhower tells the British and Americans gathered in the now smoky room that differences in staff pr ocedure have caused difficulti es but that it was thought best to proceed on the American plan. After · he has made a survey of the general situation, Eisenhower asks the Brit ish to bring up any problems they face. General Ande rso n asks for definite commitment of the First British Parachute Brigade to his force. He sa ys it will be invaluable in th e drive to the east. Gene r a l Eisenhower says the para troo p s are too valuable to be co mm itted to a spe cific task so long before the operations starts and says their disposition must be 1 p t flexible e to meet demands that might arise. However , he adds , every effort will be pointed toward aiding Gene ral Anderson's overland drive from Algi e rs to Tunis. f Air Marshall Welsh says the greatest da nger to the TORC convoy is going to H be from submarines and he asks the opportunity of having an anti -submarine air unit bas ed at Oran. He wants to put gasoline and depth charg ( s for this work aboard the Oran convoy but all space on this convoy has already been taken. Ge neral Eisenhower says that a surv ey will be made to determine what sacrifices will have to be made to ge t this anti -sub marine materiel aboard. Wels h also wants to have a squadron of U.S. P-38s based at Gibr a ltar so they can fly to Algiers the morning of the attack to sup9 ort ground troops. He says the Algiers aircraft carriers will be within range of Axis planes based on Sardinia. The P-38s Hould be equi pp ed with belly pe trol tan..1-<:: they could return to Gib ra.l tar. This brings s so up the subject of overcrowding of aircraft at Gibralter and Welsh says present pl a ns call for 175 p1anes on that vulnerable field with a study being made to se e if 200 an't be jamm in, particularly ed if the 18-acre graveyard can be graded and utilized . After discussing a multitude of subjects raised by vari ous phases of TORCH, General Eisenhower breaks up the meeting, calling th e next one for Monday noon. He and General Clark then go into a long conference in Clar k's office. The Deputy Cornnand er has, as he described it, 11 ant s in my pants . 11 He asks if he can't take over command of th e Ora n Task Force. This operat i on is running into the most organiz a ti on and supply snags and Gen er al Clark wants to plunge directly into it . He also wants to be closer to the front when the fighting starts. Gener a l Eisenhower, after long argument, discourag e s him, saying that no one can f ill his present post and th a t he has the most fundamental knowled ge of all officers involved in TORCH. The plans and training secti on is drawing up a lt ernate plans for Patton's Casablanca force in case it is unable to land because of surf A number of alternatives will be pro vided but they probably will call Western Task Force to land inside the Medite rr anean. These plans must by next Wednesday when General Clark plans to leave for Washington to final conf erence on TORCH and take a last l ook at th e org enization of force. ( General conditions. for the be ready have a Patt on's General Doolittle comes in to oppo se Welsh 1 s pro posal th a t an anti-sub air iqu adron be based at Ora n. Doolittle feels th e British are unwilling to make r oom in their own Algie s convoy and want to saddle the Oran group with the equi pment. He also opp oses W elsh 1 s plan to pu t a squadron of P-3 8s on Gibraltar �I I I I~ I ( ; so it can fly to Algiers to sup port tha.t attack. Doolittle says he does not want that many P-38s at Gibraltar bec au se of the danger of a bombing attack, th<tt the P-38s are ha.lf again as big as Spitfires and will take more of th e already crowded aircraft space , a nd the P-38s would ha.veto dtro p their be lly tanks once they got into combat and. hence would not have suf f icent fuel to return to Bibraltar. In evaluating th~ British and Am erican views on air operatio ns, Doolittle points out to Gener al Cla rk that the Am ericans want overwhelming sup~~iority of air sup.l1o while th e British rt want the minimum. He says the British want to bolster their own air sup port by drawing fro m the U. S. force a~d he vigorously opposes such a withdrawal, declari ng the British argument is f alla cious--that each attacking force should su9port itself. After o Jerations have developed , Gener al Clark plans to pool the air support for most ex ped itious use. Strange things develo p in planning warfare and Colon el Wilbur, G-2 on y General Patton's force presents a qu ee r factor tha.t may carry gre a t weight in deter m ining the final assault date •• Wilbur, who has spe nt some ti me and study in North Africa, re ~orts that the Moslem religi on must be taken into consi uer ation since it proh ibits any warfare during the 11th and 12th months. He says November 10 would be the final date to open a campaig n without offending the Moslems . He believes the Axis would propagandize our flaunting of Moslem customs should we attack l ate r than November 10. He re port s great care must be taken to prevent damage to the sacred Moslem cities of Raubat and Sa le. ( A periscopic reconnaissance of the Mediterranean shore prior to D-day now ap~ears practic able . General Gruenth er r epo rts to Gene ral Clark that inv e stigati on sho ws a crew can make sketch es and get valuable photographs. Gruenther also re ports that use of the Royal Marines has be Fn a pp roved and that they are to go into ren ewed tr nining immediat e ly und er direction of Commando officers. The 1st Armored Force, Gruenther says , has given u p insisting on M-4 tanks bec ause it is now too late for them to arrive in time. GenE: ral C1e.rk in:.tructs that a cable be sent to the War Department explaining why the Arm ored Force will ge going over the bea.ch es · in light tanks only. Gener a.l Gale r epo ts that th e 1st Armored can not be loaded at Belf as t bec ause of li mited dock facilit+es. The loading of troops and materiel aill be done at Liverpool. All gear is scheduled to be packed and loaded by October 6. • • • LONDON,SEPTEMBER 19, 1942--The tentative assault date for TORCH has now be en m oved back to November 8. This will be the d.B recommended by Generals .te Clar k and Eisenhower when they confer with Pri u1e Minister Churchill at Checkers Sunday night • { Principal reason for push i ng the proposed date back four days is to give more time f or troo p s to get their equ i pment, more time for loa din g , more time to attempt to get additional ammunition ann spare parts for guns, more time to smooth out kinks in convoy schedules. The delay results pri~.arily from one cause--the problem of logistics . General Clark calls in most of his key officers and all of them a.re plea .sed that they will heve four more highly valuable days to get all phases of TORCH a firmer footing. on �( The dange r ous situati on resulting from yesterday's cable changing the convoy situation is gone into thoroughly with General Holmes , British Director of Mo vements , and Generals Gale and Smith . All agreed that the best thing to do is send Washington a cable saying that the urgent D.6 material must come i n five fast ships to the UK to join the sec ond fast convoy arriving in the Mediterranean from the Unit ed Kingdom. If this is not possible , the U.S. Navy will have to enlarge the fast D.6 conv oy from th e U.S. to Africa , the convoy that the Navy ' wants to limit to 20 shi p s. Gene ral Smith , who was formerly in Washington attending conferences where he learned the Navy's attitude on convoys , tells Gneral Cl a r k he believes the navy , und er the above circumstances , will enlarge the conv oy sine~ it has its protest on the record ana. thus will escape res ponsibility. General Clark says the D.6 supply must be moved into Oran 11 any cost." at General Holme s says the change in D-da,y will make it possible to set back the loading date from Sep tember 26 to 30 and although he maintains that Btill 11tight makes the loauing situation , 11 it gives a margin of safety. He adds it is difficult to plan the convoy until he knows the schedule and ton nage of ships ' co ming from the U.S. to join t he first UK-M editerranean follow-up convoy. Russian convoy "PQ. 11 got through with the loss of only 11 of the 50 ships - 18 a remarkable record . Holmes believes Pri me Minister Churchill will order "PQ.19 11 to sail Sep tember 23. It is Holmes belief that the Prime Minister will then decide to move the target date back to as l ate as November 15 so the 11PQ. 19 11 escort can be used in TORCH . ( General Cl ark learns that the change from a 20 to a 25-day cycle for U.S. convoys to the Medit err a nean will probably mean that conv oys from the U.K. will have to "sweeten " the supplies for U.S. forces at Oran and Algiers . The British believe they can swell their conv oys to take care of this contingency. Holmes points to the necessity of having firm loading plans. He says 18 of the British First Army's ships are aln ;ady loaded in detail but th a t last night he was ordered by the British General Sta f f to restow 15 of th em. If everything goes right, Hol mes is convinced he can have the convoys on schedule for the November 8 date. The convoy cable is ap p roved by General Clar k and it offers two alternatives. 1--se nd five ships to the U. K. so they can fit directly into the second U.K.Medi terr anean conv oy , or, 2--enlarge the conv oy sailing di r ect from the U.S. to Oran . Genera l Clark 1 s cable poin ts out "that the most practical solution ap :;;i ears to be to have the navy enlarge its Oran convoy regardle ss of increased hazard.s, 11 General Al len of the 1st Division retu~ns from an ins pe ction tri p to Scotland and re port s that the 1 8th combat team is excellently trained, with the exception . of one company. The 18th is to move from Toward t o the Glasgow region on Septe m be 21. It will be repl a ced e.t the amphibious training base by the 16th which \;ill have its sp ecial assault training from Sept ember 24 to October 2. The 168th is moving out of the Inveraray base tomorrow and the 26th will take its place . This third combat team of the 1st Division will take amphibious tr aining until Sep tember 30 . Special r econna iss Bnce and Ranger units will get amphibious training in conjunction with the 16th and the 26th regiment al comba.t teams .Allen says postponement of D- day until November 8 will give his troops more time to assemble th eir equipment. He said he has figured from th e start that his division will go into combat only 70 pe rcent equipped bec ause of the supply mudd.le.He adds that his as sa ult troops will go in with 75 mm howitzers and that re se rve battalions will use the 105s . �\ r The Oran f orce set - up is discussed with Generals Rooks and Lemnii zer . :B ece.use of th e lack of shipping space , Rooks i s in s t ruct ed by General Cla r k to use l i gh t transportat i on , el iminating 2 1/2 to n trucks as much as pos cible . The 1st Arrn o1·cd comb team m t be re duced to two light - tank battalions at us and one medium-tank ba;talion b- caus _ of the ballup on ~h1pmen~of M4s. Tiie armored t roo ps wil l have no sup port i ng anti - ai rcr a ft but t his danger will be m nimi zed i by the out f its mobilit y . Lemni t zer is plea sed about moving D-day back four days sin c e he had figured the Oran t r oop s wou~d not get their equipment in time t o st art l oa ui ng October 8 •. General Ryder , who will command the Algiers assault , r epor t s to Genera l Cla r k tha t hi s ammunition situation l ooks f a ir ly good and that he wi ll have sufficient to "get goi ng ." He has enough hand grenades but i s lacking i n anti t ank mi nes . Gene r al Clark t ells him t o see what can be done about obt aining t hem from the British . Sin ce General Clark i s l eaving fo r Washington eit her next Wednesday or Th ursday so he can di scuss the en tir e operati on face - to - fa ce wi t h Wa and Navy r offic i al s and have a f i nal ch eckup on Gene r al Patton's plans and t roo ps , he calls in two se ction heads. General Lemnitzer is i nstructed to draw up alternate plans for t he Pa tton force so they can be u sed in event the surf conditions make it i mpossib l e to eff ec t t he C asablan ca r egi on landing . I n such an event, Patton's for ce probably wi ll hav e to proceed i nt o the Medit erranean . General Clark also want s to r eturn to the St at e s with the gist of al l politic al plans that have been or are being made. Colonel Hol m is preparing this • es ( • • • LO NDON SEPTEMBR 20, 1942--The big ges t individual , E prob lem of TORCH t hat is of su p}l ying the Oran Tas k Force . Casablanca's logi stics are being ha ndled fro m t he Uni t ea Sta te s direct. The Algiers force , made up on Ameican un i ts t uat have r bee n in t he U nited Kingdom since last s prin g and Britis h tro ops t hat can dra w t he ir su ppl y wit hout trouble since t hey are at th e f ount a in head , i s hav in g a far easi er ti m gettin g equipped for the operati on. e General Clark calls in Generals Lar kin and Gruent her and Colonels Adcock, Hamblen and Niblo to go into s pecific Oran pr ob l ems. The ammu i on an d mai nr~t tenance situation is c , nfused , A dcoc k says the Oran a ss ault f orce wi .L go ashore l with f rrLlI' and a half units of fire. There appears to be sufficient arti lle ry ammuniti on for l .L days but the attackers will be short on . 81 mmm ortars since on~y 10 of the 89 mort ars called for in the a ssault ar e availa bl e fr om SO he re. S No pyrotechnics are availab l e so General Cla r k instructs Col onel Adcock , t he Oran G , to procure t he m for t he air corps . -4 ( 1 Adcock, summing up, says t he Oran sup ply situ at i on i s "in a m ess but i f ev eryt hing com thr ough all ri ght we are going to be ab le t o m t t he lo adin g es ee sche du le. W h the exce ption of certain equi pment and su pply , t here i s goin g to it be en ou gh for the atta ckin g force to go in but r epl eni shment of su pply will be ne eded wi t hin a fe w days . " Adcock says t here ar e two dif f iculti es,:iii "pr epa rin g c onvoys for the Oran assa ult : (1 ) it takes four to si x weeks to "marr y up" equi pment wi t h the troops to which it belon gs, and, (2) th e SOS ha s no sch edul es to s how th e status of what is avai l able here and what is coming fro m th e U.S. SO S manife sts do not snow s pecifica l l y what i s on the way . Guns are here but t he fir e c ontrol mechanisms for many of them hav e not ar r ived. That makes the guns us ele s s. A shi p carr yin g these vital gunsi ghts has been sunk in mid-At la ntic. �,~ \ , .,. 1, It develops at the conference that the U.S. and Britis h convoy sched ul es to the M editerranean are not being integrated and that unle s s something i s done , more ships wil l pile up at Oran that the docks can berth. The Britis h sailing sc hedules are fir m and G eneral Clark instructs Colon el Hamblen to draft a cable i nstructi ng c onvoy offici als in Washin gt on to make th eir schedules dovetail wit h the British. Adcock says if Oran gets a su ppl y c cnvoy on D plus six and the Britis h and U.S. schedules are integrated, the lon g- ran ge su ppl y s it uat i on may clarify. Restituti on of the D pl us six convoy wi l l go a lon g way toward solvin g t he Oran suppl y probl em. A lan ky , husky civilian--Culbertwho wil l be Gerera l Patt on 's "on-s hore" man at Casablanca, arrives from Africa. He does not believe that surf condi ti ons are too severe for t he W tern Task Force lan din g . He thinks the gr eat est danger es to the Casablanca force wi ll be the Fr ench navy. He says one crui se r, 50 destro yers and 20 submarines are in the Casab l anca-Dakar re gi on and pr ed ict s t hey wi l l fi ght unless there is s om chan ge in the political e setu p . Cul bert goes into conf ere nces with pol i tical division of f ici al s. He probab l y wiJ.l acco mpany General Clark back to the States so he can ta lk with Patton before retur ning to Casablanca to make int ern a l preparations for th e attack. \ Alternative plans are bein g prepared for G eneral Pat ton in event hi s base plan is thrown off schedule by surf c ondit ion s. General Clar k bel ieves Patton should have several plans to meet an y c ontin gencie s . He might make a direct fr ontal at t ack on the ports, goin g in wit h a l l t he wars hi ps guns blazin g so he can land at docksi de. To pr epare for any eventuality, G eneral Eisenhower shoul d have several plans he can order Pat ton to execute. General Clar k su ggests: Plan X-sta ll for time in hope that the weather will clear wit hin seven day s; Plan Y - proceed to the Oran area an d have th e co m bat-l oaded troo ps land over the beach es, run some of the conv oy to Gibraltar an d s end t he or ganizati onal outfits t o the U. K. Plan Z- - push insi de· the M editerranean to Phil i ppevi ll e, Bone, Bougi e and any ot her availab le ports. Lenuitzer sug gests the entire Pat ton force might i procee d en toto to the U.K. and be r eady to push off at a momen's notice to t attac k Spanis h Mo rocco if neces sa r y . Plans are goin g ahead for the traini ng of Britis h paratroopers. General Clark says "we must exp l oit eve-ry opportunit y t o use parachute or a ir-borne tro ops as s oon after D-day as possi ble . Our readine s s to do so might be of critical i mpo rtance in furt herin g General Anders on's advance." In a ll proba bilit y the 64th U. S. Tra nspor t Group will tr a in wit h t he British paratro oper s . General Clark points out that it is esse nt ia l t o hav e the American pilots and t he Britis h jumpers lhi:a :in j ointl y prior to ac tual operat i ons. Colon el Bentle y is instructed to provi de t he necessary trans port s for suc h tra in in g . Aft er a lon g conf eren ce wi th air and paratro op of f ic er s it is decid ed to t ake t wo c ompanies of Britis h par atroo ps , ab out 250 jumpers, in to Africa s hort ly after D-day . This number can be lifted by one tr anspor t squadron. Res tricti n the mass f ligh t of British paratroo ps to Africa is the s horta ge of gaso line in th at theater for the r eturn f l i ght so t he pla nes ca n haul down more jumper s. Genera l Clark t el l s Ge neral Doolit tle to be pr epar ed to send an addi t i onal tran sport squadron if an urgent situ at i on develo ps . \ The proposal th at a squ adron of ~58s fl y fr om Gibr al tar to Algi ers on D-day has been vetoed but the scheme to have an anti- subma rine air squadron based at eith er Oran or Algi ers is sti ll bein g c , ns i dered s er i ous ly . If it goes in, it wil l mean t he eJ:inination of one fi ghter group but, if c onv oys run into trouble, ant isub marine planes might be of far more val ue than fi ghting planes . j �General Larkin r eports to General Clark that the chan ged tar get date wil l extend the loa din g time four days. He thinks t hi s wil i give the SOS time to to do its loadin g job. Later in the day, General Larkin com to General Cla.rk 1 s es of f ice to indicate that a lot of buck-pas s ing is goin g on in the SOS an d that he wants ·the general to und erstand one of the many rea sons the su p}ly situ ation is so <mfused. Generals Clark, Eisenhower and Smith l eave in the eve ning for Checkers where the y wil l sta y overni ~ht wit h the Pri m M e inister. An i mp ant c onference ort is to be held to m orrow mornin g . * * * I' CHE CKER EN S, GLAND SERTEMBER 1942--November 8 is the date! , 21, , Pri m M st er Churc hil l, apprised of the su ~ply, convoy and gener al TO e ini RCH situation, agrees to exec ution of the North African attack on Novem ber 8. An at t em is going to be made to get General Giroud over to Englan d so t he way pt can be paved for the assault forces to m ove in wit h a m inimum of opposit i on. ( ' M Churchill, expr es s in g disap pointment at the status of TOR and apparent~ r. CH in a ti ght spot because of its shi ppin g complications, is in rare c onvers at ionai form. He wants to know how he is "goin g to tel l Joe" that PQ 19 won't be c om g in through. This, says the Pri m M nister, e i is goi ng to be 11fri ghtful .l. embarra ss in g" y because PQ 18 was a success, with only 15 of the 40,~hips failin g t o rea c l! t he ir destination. He is alarmed that U.S. tro op arrivals in t he Unite d Kingdom wi ll have to be cut down. He now sa ys t hat he can't r ememb ever agge eing to TOR er CH being the bi g oper ation, substit utin g for RO UNDU He now wants to start plan ning P. for JUNIPER-the plan callin g f or an attack on Norway. Churc h ill walks peripateeicall y aroun d th e r oom as he talks. One m oment he i s stridin g in fr ont of the Britis h and Americ an officials and th e next he has hopped onto the heart h of t he fire place and is warmin g his back, ru bbi ng the heat into it with his hands. It 1 s a tou gh ev eni ng and mornin g for t he Ameican r off icers. Lord M ountbatten complains that the U. S. pr m ed to su ppl y smal l landis in g boats and t hat to date onl y e ight have arrived in t he United Kin gdom. Churchi ll believes the Britis h Isle s ar goin g to be t oo li ghtl y defend ed when the a ssa ul t and fol l ow-u p tro ops have gone into the TO H the at er. Next he is pour i ng out RC words on why JUNIPER should be execu ted t his wint er. He need s Nort hern Norw to ay protect t he Russian convoys. The Prime Mini ster debat es out lou d with himself on what to do ab out PQ 19 . If he l ets it go it wi ..1..dela y TORCH l until Novem ber 28. "It's v er y disheartenin g," sa ys the Prime Mini ster, as t hough ta lk in g to hims elf. "I fe el PQ 19 should o thr ough . I j ust can 't te l l Jo e it' s not c oming when his pe ople are bloo dy and dy i ng and holdin g the enemy. PQ 19 i s loaded. I guess I j us t got t a tell Joe ." The Ameican generals s ay not hing but General Clark be l i eves he would l eave PQ 19 set r up r eady to go in ca se anyt hi ng aris es to dela y TO RCH f urther . Genera l Clark in terp r et s Mr. Churchi ll 's r ef ere nce t o TOR not being the CH Sec ond Front opera t ion as a s ly mo by the Pr i m M ve e inister to get JUNIPER star t ed and a s a fulcrum to proce ed la t er on RO DUP He bel i eves Churc hil ~ want s to use UN . Am eric an tro ops at every available point but t hat he i s doi ng i n craf til y by sa ying eac h oper ati ,., is THE major opera tio n. 11We s hou ld be ab l e to rip at n J �(' \ Hitler's mouth (R, UNDUP while we are ri ppi ng 'at hi s bell y (TOR ) CH)," says Churchil l . General Clark believes the real motive of Bhurchi l l is to have TORCH and JUNI PER goi ng at the same time. The conferees, in add i t i on to the Pri m M e inister and the gen erals , inc ~ude Adm iral Cunnin gham, Si r Dudley Pound, Lord Eden, General H olmes and Lord Mo ntbatten. u None of them have say. The Prime M nister is to o ful J. of ideas. The discussion i and naval strate gy a~l over the world. Regarding the buil dup of American troo ps in sugges t s brin gi ng over new U.S. div is i ons (t hose training) without their equipment. They would be and their trainin g would be completed here. They Bri tish divisions. three American Leathers, Ant uony a great dea l to concerns military the United Kin gdom, General Clark with only t he ir 15 weeks basic furnishe d with British equi pment mi< even be fed in with •ht Cburchi L . sa ys he t hinks he W J.l wire Presi dent Roosevelt (" Get a message i off to my boss," is the way the Prime Mini ster puts it) about s om of his ideas. e The Pri m M e inister is elated at the way Russia is fig hti ng . He thinks Stalingrad, where stre et fi ghtin g is now r agin g, wi J.l fal l but he doe· n 't think t ne Russians s wil l crack. When infor med that t he PQ 18 convoy went thr ough so well, Churchill be ams and shouts: "I' 11 bet Joe is droolin g at the mouth over the pac ka ge we delivered to him." / One small incide nt occur s that brin gs out the humanness of the Prime M inister. As the men sit down to dinner, General Cla rk is on the Prime M nis ter 's J.eft. i 1 The butler comes and whispers in the PM s ear and the general overhe ars: "Have you ot y our sh ort s norter card with you , Sir." A s 1 rt s nort er card is a $1 10 bilJ. t ha t trans- Atlan tic air passengers get. If a s u rt sno rt er ca n 't pro duce his au t ographed bi ll , othe r s hort snort ers can co .llect $1 from him. Churc hi i l jumps up fro m his seat and hurries out of the r oom. He re turns , gri nni ng, sits down and then nonchalantly pulJ.S out his bill. "Have a ~l you fe llow s got your s nort s norter cards," he asks trium phantl y . The guests di g wil dly . G eneral Smith is without hi s and it costs hi m $6. Mr. Churchill lau ghs triumphant~y. When General Clark returns he instructs his of f ic ers that November 8 is the dat e "unless somet hin g catastrophic ha ppens and I want J OU to make ever y preparati on f or it on the ba s is th at we ar e g oi ng into action on t hat da t e . TORCH is still the big operati on and it can't be debunked. RetUJ.lling to London in the late afternoon, General Clark finds t hat sh ipp in g authorities in Washington have agreed to send priority items for the D plus 6 TORCH onv oy sent over on from five to seven s hips. General Gruent he r says t hese c s ni ps WiJ.l be able to fit str aigh t into the Bri tish c cnvcy provid i ng t hey are loaded pro perl y . The Britis h are wi l l in g to ta ke the additional ships in th eir convo y . General Ryder re ports on progress in Eastern Assa ult Force plans and he is r athe r opti mist ic. He has built up, because of being in the U.K. longer, a 60-day reserve sup 1, y for the 168th Infantry c ombat team. Jt is all on han d wit h the l exc ept ion of ammuniti on expended w i le the 168t h was t aki ng amphibious training. h He expre sses c onc ern ab out the ammu niti on suppl y for the combat team coming over fro m the U.S. to aid in the Alg iers a ssa ult. It will c ome with 10 units of fire so Genera l Clark instructs 'Ryder to ar ra nge from additional ammuniti on to come from t he SOS of ETO. Ryder inquires concerni ng what the Algi ers forc e will do if �( it · runs in to bad weather arid it can't la nd sinniltaneously wit h t he Oran force. be drawn up to meet t his contin gency . 1m a lt ern at e plan will General Rooks expresses concern ab out the s horta ge of f ire -control equip m ent for t he 1st Divi sion arti l ler y and asks that it be dispatc hed over by air. The equi pment woul d not total a plane load so General Clark sa ys he wi ~l take the matt er up personally when he arrives in W hin gt on. Rooks al so r eports that he now as has a list s howing what shi ps wi l l be available f or the Oran D-day c onvoy and hence he is ab~e to prepare loadin g tables for the Director of M ovem ents. The li st shows that more truc ks than expected can be t ake n. Rooks is enthusiast ic and sa ys that t he onl y t hin g that can now stop t he Oran force is lack of equipment. The air problem is now shapin g up satisfactorily. Ge neral Clark goes over it a gain wit h General Doolittle to stress that nothi ng shoul d be co mmtt ed definit ely i to Casablanca except on order s of t he Com ander-in-C hief. G m ener al Patton will have t he 33rd Fi ghte r Squadron but will get no Spitfires un l ess the 33rd is knocked out of action. Doolit t le is told t hat no paratro ops or hea vy bombers ar e t o go t o Casablan ca initial l y . General Clar k instructs G eneral Lemnitzer to prepar e a list of fjft. h column activities to be underta ken in Africa prior to D-da y . It wi ll s how the prio rity of fift h column missions--assassinations, smizure of forts, ra dio stati ons, public ut i ~i t ies, brid g es, etc.-in eac h of th e assa ult areas. It will be t aken to W sh in gton so M M a r. urphy ca n eva l uate it, ta ke to Africa, t hen infor m co mman ders what can be acco mp lished and what can not. * * * , LONDON SEPTE!IIB 22 , 1942 - - Be c ause of the absence of Generals , ~R Clark and Eis0nhower at Checkers yesterday , the regu l ar General Staff Conference was postponed until today . The new D- day -- Novemb e r 8 -- and rreans of expanding TORCH to make it more certain of suc c ess are discussed . General Eisenhower says November 8 is now the day and that nothing - - not even the Hussian convoys - -will be allowed to stand in the way of TOR CH. The only ossibili ty of chani;i;e will be i f President Roose v elt finds the date objectionable . General Eisenhower declares that the proposal of hiwing troops from Mal ta atta c k Tunis on D- da.y must b e re - exam.Lned . He belie v es such a force might be the deciding bat t a li on in TORCH He says that Admir al Cunningham is c onvinced one . Br itish brigade might make this atta ck whi ch c ou l d either be a direct threat of a fient to draw troops away f rom ot her regions where heavier l andings will be made . " I f th i s th i ng fa i ls , " says General Ei senhower , "Mal ta goes anyway . It 1 s a good samble . 11 The subje c t of the anti - subm ,,rine pa t rol at Oran c omes up again de c lares the problem boils down bas i cal l y to one fa.ctor -- which will ha v e the mor e importan t mission : the anti - sub planes or the fiter squadron it wi ll repla c e . Bo th tasks are highly i mportant . General Cl ark says he believes the best solution is to put both air unit s in and then have the Cormnand3r·- i n - Chief' decide whi ch will use the available av iation gasoline . Other t opi c s that come up at the mee t ing include : the use of �\5 U. S . Navy shore personne l at the port of Oran , coordination of naval air commands under the Commandt r-in - Chief , whether of not a bombing attack on Crete on D- da y wouldn ' t be a good ruse to draw Axis fighters from the Algiers region . \ The meeting , as did the first one , evolves into a roundtable 11 discussion in which the leaders of TORC discuss their problems . General Eisenhower again stress e s that he wants the men to bring their difficulties and ideas to either General Olark or himself . He says there can be no holding back; that there must be complete con fidence and cooperation . He promises to pass the officers ' ideas along to the Prime Minister . { . After' the conf erence , officers who have parti ci pated are called in to discuss particular items brought out in the round - table dis cussion . Commodore Douglas - Pennant gives General Clark a diagramatic view of the naval plan and then the two men plunge into the anti - sub air squadron poser . Douglas-Pennant believes the antl-sub outfit c ould operate with g reater strik:i,ng force if it is based at Oran . After the operation de v elops another anti - sub squadron will go into Algiers . Following this , General Clark calls in Air Marshall Welsh and after the British airman has explained all details of the pro p osed plan , General Cla rk decide a tha t the anti - sub outfit should go into Oran . In order to conserve car g o space and less en the problem of getting fighting equipment across the Oran beaches , Welsh agrees to have the squadron fly in as many depth charges as possib le . The anti - sub squadron and the fighter squadron will both • g o into Oran . However , they will have to share the same gasoline and the Oommander in -Chief wil l de c ide which planes should be in use at what times . Gene na l Larki n and Gruenther confer with General e1 ark conc ern ing what equipment must be loaded aboard the five vessels being rushed from the United States to the United Kingdom to join the British convoy to Oran . The vessels must cane pro perly loaded because they will fall in with the British ships and pro ceed to the Mediterranean almost immec.ua w ly . Unles s SOS gets straightened out on just what ammunition is available in the U. K. , General Cl ark says same of it wi ll have to come over with the five vessels , then taken off and distributed to troops for c ombat loading . I n ord er to be certain the U. S. Army- Navy is set for the Oran operat im , Gener al Cl ark cal ls in Gener al Rooks and Admiral Bennett . Gener al Ola rk stress e s that the car go priority for Oran must be for combat troops and tells Admir al Bennett to coordina te his sup p ly thrmgh Generals Rooks and Lar kin . The Navy will f rnish the Oran shore parties , the beach personnel and the port personnel . The question of what the Oran Task Poree should do if weather prohibits exe cuti on of its operation and Gaptain Wright suggests a landing on the Balearic Islands . An Alternate plan for the Center Task Force will be developed soon . The alternate plan that General Eis enh ower will g ive General Patton in case he runs into Atlantic Ooast difficulties has been boiled down to two possibilities : The first will call for the combat loaded troops to land in the Oran area and the remainder, with the possible exception of eight or ten su pp ly ships that would go into �l Gibraltar , wou ld pro ceed to the United Kingdom; the second p l an would divert t he entire Patton force to the U. K. to c onstitute a "fie se rv e wallo p" for the Commande r-in - Chief , possib l y for an atta c k on Spanish Morocco if ne c essary . The Philippeville , Bone l anding by General Pat t on's force has been dis card ed because of too many pre car iru s angles -- movement into a z one of intense enemy air activity , c on c entration of t oo many n aval ~essles in a small area , possibi li ty of overwhelming enemy resistance . As Gen e r a l Cl ark prepares to l eave tomorrow for Washington , TORCH ap µ eras to be shaping up ev er better . General Gruenther c omes in t o report : 1 - -that the air plan is co mpl etely "buttoned up" and mimeogra i-, ed for distribution; h 2-- d irectiv es have been issued to the Al gi ers assault and at t a c k forces and to the Oran Task Fo r ce; 3-- that General Patton ' s directive for the Ca sa bl an c a mission will b e rea dy later today; 4 - - t ha t the naval p l an i s being put in final form and wil l be read y for d i spat c h to Wash in gton tanorro w w it h General Gl ark . LONDON SEPTEMBER 23 , 1 942 -- As General , Cl ar k c ompl etes fina l de tail s for his trip to the Uni t ed states , he receives a hear tenin g l ast minute re p ort fr om General Lee of the S OS. Lee feels the supp ly si tuat im is much i mpro v ed . He re i; orts that the SOS has unloaded 2 00 , 000 lon g tons of su p p li es and equipment since the first of t he month ani will hand le another 100 , 000 during the remainder of the month . Al thoogh there may be some diffi c ulty in obtaining all ammunition required for the Oran c cmbat c on~ oy , Lee says it l ooks as if this for c e will have enou gh to get by with until D plus six c onvo y fran the United Kingdom is unloaded . the now the Gene r als Gale and Gruenther and Col onel Hamblen are c al l ed in by Gener a l Cl ar k and they too feel that many of TORC s supply H' difficu l ties a:re cl arify in g and that we wi ll b e able, in all ppobability to meet the November 8 date . Transpcr t of the for ward e chelon of Allied Force Head quarters to Gibraltar i s discussed the Air Commodore Sanders and Col onel Gale . General <Har k plans to have U. S . Air TraBsports take the c '.!ll act headqua r ters p g roup . They will be escorted by "Fl y in g Fortress e s . 11 Follo win g establi sbmen t of headquax•te - s at Gibraltar and until it is possible to move the headquarters to either Al g ie r s or Oran , General Clark plans to have t wo or three "Flyin g Fortresses" on call at Gibraltar to p rovid e air trans p ortation on important missions to the North African front . General Glark, who has been working virtually ni ght and day for the past six weeks , clears out of his N 0 r.folk House office at noon for a final pre - Washington conference with General Eisenho wer . Then, fol lo wing lunch at his flat , he becomes "Ci tizenu Clar k as he sh ops for g ifts for his family . The "family side , 11 submerged so comp let e l y und er the "military sj.de 11 for so long, c omes out as the ~ru' ~~-' W: •·· · �( lanky gena:> al jostles with the c ro~s on Regent of silver for his \'life , mofuhe r and mother - in-law for his son and daughter . Street to get gifts and appropo presents Buroened with brief cases, map rolls and a little luggage for the trip to the United States , the gen e ral and the small staff that is accompaning him , le1we Norfolk House at 3: 00 P . M. for Hendon airport and the start of the l ,mg flight . ENRCUTE BY AIR TO UNITED STATES, SEPTEHBER 23 , 194 2 --Th e C-47 c arrying Gener al Slark and his party to Prestwick , Scotland , where they will depgr, t for the United States , takes off f rom Hen don air drome at 3 : 58 PM and heads northwestward over the color ~ul mosai c of the English countryside . The party is made up of General Clark , General Larkin, Colonel Slocum , Li eut . Col . J . P . Eason (a British member of the Allied Force staff) , Lieutenant Beardwood and F . P . Culbert, the undercover man who will direct fifth - c olumn a c tivities at Casablanca . Also i n the plane are Br i gadier General Gilk eson of the Air Cor p s and Li eut . Col . Jackson, an Air Corps off:tcer acting as a c oufier . The p l ane drops in to Prestwick at 6 : 28 PM • ( Off:b ers in the party , and General Cl ark himse lf , take turns watching over the se c ret bagg,:ige which includes a ll directives and plans for TORCH detailed , maps of the operation and half a million dollars in French Moroccan cu rren c y which will be turned over to Gener al Patton • s force for use when it lands . The lobb y of the Prestwick airport is lik e the lobby of GrAnd central station . It is milling with people vho are traveling . There are all types of unf :fiorms . From Prestwick , flights st art not only to the United States and Canada but also to Russia . The airdrome is tremendous and covered with all types of planes . Fo llo wing dinner in the Prestwick mess hall , General Clark's party l ounges around in the lobby, waiti ng for the weather report on c onditions over the Atlantic to come in . Although it has been r alning , the sk i es clear abou t 9 : 00 PM and a satis fac tory re po rt c omes in on ccndi tions over the Atlantic . Lo ading of the huge , four - motored Stratoliner , named the " Comanche , 11 is started and by 1 0 : UO PM General Cl ark ' s party starts going aboard . Because the ship is loaded so heavily with gas oline, three officers have to cr owd up in the c ramped radio and navigation room for the take - off . The U. S .- bound Stratoliner is air - borne at Clark is heading eastward to Washington to make on TORCH - on what has been done and wht=1t will be few weeks before the Sec ond Front is opened . I t 10 34 PM and General a comp let e report done in the final is a tremendous job . By the time enough gas has been burned so the three officers can return to the :i:assengers cabin, the p lan e is well out over the Atlantic , flying through broken clouds under an almost full - moon . Eight bunks are made up and GenerB l Clark ' s part y turns in for the night . �/ ENRUT BY AIR TO UNIT STATES, SEPT O E ED EMBER , 1942- - G 24 enera l Cl ark' s plan e dr ones s te adily on thro ugh brok en clo uds under an a lmost f ull mo ,The s hip, on. which wei ghed 55, 600 pounds at th e tak eoff, i s s cheduled, on t he basis of win d r epor ts , to r ea ch G ander Lake , New foun dl and , in 17 hours . Through th e fli ght th e altitud e averages from 800 to 1,2 00 f eet. By midmo ni ng one of the port motors r of th e four-motored stratolin er has begun to miss and shoot out bla ck smoke . During the morning, G eneral Clark goe s through the huge, wei ghted bri ef cas e to study p~pers on TORCH operati ons that he is t akin g to Wa hing to n. He s also conf ers with Culbert and with Colonel Slocum. At 10: 37 A.M. (East ern War Time), th e coa st of Newfoun dlan d is s ee n through ev er thick ening clouds . The plan e heads for the G ander Lake airport but the weath er has closed in and the pilot, Capt ain Terry, decid es to H d for Presque Isl e , Maine . Befor e r ea chin g ea that airport, th e plane receives reports that th e ceilin g is a lmost zero th ere so Capt ain Ter r y de cid es t o shoot for M ontr ea l. To dat e , no St r ato l in er has b een able to mak a non- stop wes tward hop from Prest wi ck to Montr eal . e As th e big pl ane heads west through rapi dly wors ening weath er , t he carb uerator s on two more engines begin acting up and Captain Terry, with his gas suppl y dimi ni shing, with thr ee of his four motors funct i oni ng ba dl y and with th e weat her getting wo e , looks for an emergency landing fi el d . H spot s a s mall fi el d and, rs e aft er circling th e fi eld, dr ops dmm to a lan ding ma. mushy by t he hea vy rain. de 11 The 11Comanche is greet ed lik e a thin g from Mar:\by ab out thr ee hundr ed Royal Canadian Air Forc e cadets w ar e in tr aining at th e field- -W s or Mills, Qu a:. ho ind ebe The st udent s are taking primary training in Gypsy Mo hs which would fit und r th e t Strato l in er ' s landi ng gear. The tran s- Atl antic pla ne lands at 1 :2 5 PM (EW . T) 0 Fli ght offi cers , s t udent s and m echanics surround th e huge tr ans -Atlantic plane. G enera l Cla r k and his party ar e t aken to th e O f i cer s ' M f ess Hall where t hey cle an up and get r efre shm s . Study of th e pla ne 's mo r s shows t hat thr ee ent to new carbur etor s will have to be flo rm up fr om Was hington befo r e th e pla ne can t ake off. General Clark cal l s G Pneral Marshall by lon g-di stance phone and t el ls him he i s requ es ting th at anoth er Str ato lin er fly in from D al Fi el d , the orv U.S. Air Trans port Comman fi eld in M d ontreal. Vi hen t he weather has cle ar ed, th e se cond Stratolin er com over th e ti ny, es sog gy fi eld. The pilot circles it twice th en comes i n for a l anding. Wh t he en huge pla ne hi ts th e sod, ro cks and mud fly up and both wing f laps ar e badly ri ddl ed wit h hol es . Examinat i on of t he s econd shi p shows that i t has been damag ed to o badl y to tak e off; that re pair s will have t o be made on t he fla ps and it will take hour s . Gener a l Clark th en confer s wi t h Canadi an offici al s wi th t he re sult that he i s lo aned two plan es- - a bi-m otor ed Beechcraft and a bi-motor ed Graumann amphibi an . Es se nti al s ecr et document s and perso nal ba ggage are t aken f r om th e 11 Comanch " and l oaded into the t w R.C.A.F. pl anes for the 75 mil e flight into e o Montreal . General Clark, ri din g in the Beec hcraft, tak es off at 6:01 PM and arriv es at Montr eal at 6: 55 PM Becaus e of th e lig htne ss of th e t wo R. C.A. F. . pl anes , G eneral Clar k mak arrang em es ents to have hi s party f l f into Wa shington aboard two British Hudson Bombers. Aft er eating at th e D orval Airport cafeteri a--an d get t in g such unu sual thin gs ar e or ange juic e , re al coffee, fruit, milk wit h some cre am in it-th e bag gage i s st owed on th e t wo Hudsons. They ar e la te in pr eparing for t he t akeof f and me anwhil e , r eport s come from W s or M ind ills that t he s econd Stratolin er has it s wing fl aps r epa ire d and is rea dy to come in to M re al. If f eas ible, General ont Clark wants to go into W hington ..¥1 th e S r at ol i ner inst ead of i n t he t wo H ons. as uds ) j �W hen the plane, named t he "Cheroke e ," l ands, Captain Parker, the ski pper and the man who flew Admiral Byrd over the pole, says the ship i s capable of going on to Washington so the baggage is tr ansferred from the two Hudsons to the Str atolin er and the Genera l ' s party takes off fr om Montreal at 9 : 59 PM The . flight is extremely smooth and uneventful and the "Cherokee" l ands at Bolling Field, Washington, at 1:46 AM. General Clark and his party are quickly passed through customs and the tr avel weary group spreads throu ghout to wn t o variou s quart ers. General Clark, des pite the lat e hour of arriv al, is m at the army et airport by Mrs. Clark. * ( • ( j � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, September 1-24, 1942 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from September 1-24, 1942. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/557 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/37a1303385e3556292bc3fa82986ef2f.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=i2K2d4J5tvUUa-3euq5rL7QBVH-kKDCUV4KScDOf1R2SkgZxIKq29w7KDvw1flv920Sq51yatGcNVuQKnzDIDKLaYNMrFsh4a0ywEB4brNfwdS1LVXMWskNxQ%7ED64Enc7M3xq-vVWSdU95qD0j26KcvE-pGDIhdIW0RwUew1Oq2dPlx5y6fXanK4xOXWp12O6U-nz%7Ecc99jKPv978luxlMaVyHbwOzhWghcVn4hKf3ZPgqtHaxpq0V%7EbjailHGFY8fZXVVFiErxVk68gT47nXJBoev%7E4ZUfSCBD4XhMooI00bjEZNwkzpt1r556%7EZyA40HR59hY0fsbHuVZHoFsstg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f99025ecc4c2db2e85769376d0070685 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM General Clark sent the following birthday message to Lt. General Geoffrey Keyes, Commanding General of the Seventh .Army, Reference No . P-4546: ttJ extend my heartiest congratulations to you today on your birthday . You can view the year just finished with pride and satisfaction in your accomplishments, and in the achievements of II Corps whose gallant efforts WfFe of indi spensible aid in our great victory over the enemy in the Mediterranean last May . I send my best wishes . for your continued health and good fortune, and for the welfare of all members of y01.. r command. 11 * * * * VIENNA--OCTOBSR 31, 1945--General Clark arrived in his office at 0930 accomp:1.nied by Lt . William Clark . General Clark immediately conferred with General Tate who was followed by General Brann and General Gruenther. At 1400 hours General Bethouart visited General Clark. At 1430 hours General Clark called Col. McJLean to his office to discuss a serious court Martial case . Comdr . Musmanno conferred with General Clark for a few minutes in regard to a biography which he is writing about General Clark, and received the General's approval to print several pictures of him in his book. General Clark left his Headquarters at 1500 hours for his villa where he rested until 1600 hours at which time the General gave a cocktail r,:arty at the Bristol Hotel for General Gruenther who is leaving Headquarters . The General left the Bristol Hotel at 1830 hours for his villa where he had dinner with several members of his staff, and later played poker with his guests . General Clark sent the following cable to General Hull, War Department , Reference No . P-4733: 11 I left with you on 13 October radio from Gruenther which I received in Washington regarding request from General Bethouart for issue of certain comrx:,nents American ration to French troops in Vienna . Hope you will have favorable word soon as situation is becoming a little embarassing.11 The\ following message was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff from General Clark in regard to the Allied Council meeting, October 30, Reference No . P-4 752: �1. Little was accomplished in Allied Council meeting 30 October lthough Koniev 1 s personal r9lations continued to be friendly I had definite impression that he was operating_under instructions from !toscow to be tough with 7Iestern lie,s. 11 u2 . Yle made no progress toward settlement of the two most important items on agenda, namely Reservation of Governmental powers to Allied Council and Currency Conversion for Austria n3 . Soviet resolution which was basis for discussion of reservation of powers was as follows· (1) Foreign Aff irs and Diplomatic representation, except in the case of countries who are members of the Allied Council . (2) Demarcation and alteration of frontiers and lines of demarcation . ( 3) Disp];.eced per.sons and repatriation (4) Measures for _demilitarisation on land, water and air ( 5) Regulation of all questions relating to the property of f r eigners . (6) Tr_ade and financial relations with foreign countries , except those countries which are members of the Allied Council. 11 4. Cons.i erable discussion took place in connection with points one and six. My ,r:osition was that those proposals struck at basic policy of control of Austria by the Allied Council since it would permit unilateral action on foreign affairs, trade and financial relations . I stated further that our governments established Allied Council as machinery to contr ol Au.stria and U S . Govermnent expects to do business through the Allied Council British and French supported this position . u5 . everal amendments were proposed to make points one and six a.c ceptable includj ng elimination of words rrexcept those countries which are members of Allied Council u but Koniev would not accept a_ny modification . It was agreed to report disagreement to our respective governments . Points 2 , 4 , 4 , and five were agreeable to all but it was decided to suspend communication of any reservations to Austrian Provisional Government until points one and six are settled . I consider that controversial points are important to Allied Council Control in nustria and I shall not give in to Soviet point of view unless instructed b? you to do so . �n6 . ~y message PV'- 4685 gives Soviet ttitude in Council meeting concerning currency conversion In my opinion we are going to lose the battle because the Soviets can stall long enough until their proposal will be the only logical one . From standpoint of logic we have defeated them ·at every turn and their attempts to answer our arguments are indeed feeble . However, they always end up by stubbornly insisting that their proposal is the only correct one . I introduced the proposal for a tripartite conversion for the purpose of throwing consternation into Soviet ranks and it gave them quite a jolt . However I h2ve no hope that it will have any real effect in forcing a change in their position . n * * * * VIEN:t-:JA - NOVJ.i~LBEH 1, 1945- General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 accompanied by Lt . Clark . rt 0930 he presented Hr . MacElligott , Warra.nt Of fie er , the Legion of h1erit . h'ir . Ilac.r!illigott had been with the General ever since the days in 2ngland and is now leaving the Headquarters for the States for discharge . Commander IJ1usmanno conferred with the General on the book which he is to write o.nd the pictures to be used With General Gruenther, General Clark departed from the Cub strip by L-5 at 1200 hours to fly to Horsching airfield at Linz Here .at 1300 hours he met General Eisenhower who was accompanied by General Raymond Moses The four Generals then rode to General Clark' s lodge, Dietlgut, in Hinterstoder Valley where they were to spend a few days hunting They arrived at the lodge at 1500 and spent the rest of the afternoon and evening playing cards . General Clark sent the following message to Lt . General Geoffrey Keyes, Connnanding General of the Seventh nrmy , Reference No . P 4800: Many thanks for your thoughtful message on my promotion. I realize it was made possible by the great help and great help and cooperation of commanders like you, and fightfag units like II Corps I send you my best wishes ., tt 0 * * VIE:Nr A Nor lBER 2, 1945- General Clark accompa·n ied by General Eisenhower General Gru,~nther and General Moses left the hunting lodge at 0830 and spent the entire morning hunting in Hinterstoder Valley . General Eis enho wer shot a c hamois, thereby becoming the chief jaeger of Hinterstoder Valley. The party returned to the lodge at 1300 hours and spent the rest of the day playing c ards and talking . * * * �VIENN - NOV11:'1BER 3·, 194-5-- Genere.l Clark accompanied by General Eisenhov:er , General Gruenther, and General lV:oses left the 1 odge on a hunting trip at 0845 and returned 8.t lJ00 . No game was shot during the morning. After lunch the party spent the afternoon talking , visiting and playing cerds . * * VIE.r: NJ - NOVEllBE 4, 1945 - General Clark accompanied by General Eisenhcwer , General Gruenther and General loses left the lodge at 0900 and drove to . Horsching airfield at Linz where General Eisenhower departed in his C- 47 at 1100 . General Gruenther accompanied General isenhower to Fr-=nkfurt , beginning h;is return trip to the States . This was the parting of two old friends , after having spent three years of continuous service together . General Clark r eturned to the lodge by L- 5 arriving at 1130 and went hunti.ng in the afterno on with Lieutenant Clark returning to the lodge at 1900 . This time the General shot his first chamois • • t 1500 in the afternoon General Saltzman , Gi:meral Tate and Colonel Grogan arrived a.t the hunting lodge to epend a few days hunting . In the even:i..ne the party played cards and retired early . * VI JN! - NOVEUlB.t.f-:. 5, 1945- General Clark accompG.nied by General Tate a.nd General Caltzman with Col onel Grogr n left the lodge at 0800 in two sep.Jrate hu.nting parties . 1'hey spent the entire day hunting, returning to the lodge at 1700 .. Both Genff·•al Clr.;;.rk and General Tate shot a chamois but neither G@.neral Saltzman nor Colonel Grogan had any luck The party again spent the evening playing cards . * * * * VIE1'1:fl--NO\l civ1BER 6, 1945 - General Clark, General Tate , General Saltzm n and Colonel Grogan dep3.rted from the lodge cub strip at 0910 and arrived at the Vienna. cub strip at 1025 . Generfal Clark rnnt imr.edit.. tel.,r to his of:"ice where he took care of accumul2ted. co!'respondence . Later he conferred with Gener 1 B.rarm und General Tate and in the aft ernoon he saw Colonel Lazar In the evening he had dinner vdth Lt . Clark at his villa rn.t..--HOVEIHBI~ 7, 1945--Gener--l Clark arrived at the office at 0915 a.c companied by Lt . Clark . At 1000 he presented Colonel Negroni c.nd Captain 'alvioio , of the Italian lriilitary Mission with the Bronze Star hledal At 1030 Genera l Clark was interviewed by Desmond Tighe , Reut9rs , British Corresi:ondent , who desired to obtain muter ia l for an article on Gsncral Cl· rk as the most successful General in .. ustria , sholving how a fighter became a dip~oat. 1 t 1100 General Clark was intervi~wed by ' Jillia.m E . T .ylor of the Stars and Ctripes . Doctor ~ch'.':artz, Chairman of the· Joint Distribution Committee ( Je·iish) for surope , had a conference with General Cbrk at 1130 on the subject of Jewish Displaced ?er sons General Clark left his office after having VI.c �lunch, returning to his villa . . t 1615 he left the villa for Hofburg Palace to attend ltarshal Koniev s reception in honor of the 28th Anniversary of the Red Revolution General Clark returned to his v illa at 2300 . General Clark sent the following message to General Eisenhower Reference No . P 5201 Today on the third a0niversary of our North frican invasion I off e ~ ·my congratulations and sincere best vdshes and those of my assoc iates here at USFA to you , the leader of that great enterprise . All Americans, especially those of us who made the landings under your inspiring leadership, will always recall vlith pride and satisfaction that first vital step in our carrying the war to the enemy . Ve shall ever be indebted to your guidance which insur9d the success of that operation , and which led us to the finaly victory last May . u 0 NA- NOV '.IBE!R 8, 1945- -General Clark arrived at his office accompanied by Lt Clark.at 1000 . He immediately saw General Brann and also Colonel Grogan on publications ., He next saw General Tate vrho was followed by Iv1r VI Christenberry who arr.ived from Frankfurt last evening . 11r . Christenberry is on a $pecial mission to Austria for the purpose of organizing winter sports resorts and rest centers .. General Clark later conferred vJith Genera.1 Brann and General Sulli:v. n and at 1230 left the office accompanied by General Sullivan, ir . Christenberry and Lieutenant Clark to have lunch at his villa . Later in the afternoon he hiked with Lt . Clark and- in the evening had dinner in his s1-;ite at the Hotel Bristol He returned to his villa at 2200 hours and retired . General Clark received the following message from General "'isenhower , Reference No '- 30795 :. "Th· nk you very much for your telegram sent me on the anniversary of our North Jifrican invasion . That was the first battle test for the llied Command and marked the begirming of a development in llied cooperation that attained an unparalled success resulting primarily from the selflessness and devotion to duty of all members of the team . I remember that arudous night of 3 years ago that you and and our associates spent in the Gibr altar tunnels , and the great erllaration the following morning when it vms definitely proved that the Allies were upon the march and that the beginning of the beginning of the end was there I shall always owe you personally a great debt of' gratitude for the wonderful support and assistc nee you rendered me during that period. n · * * * �VIENN --NOV ~:~B R 9 , 1945--General Ch,rk arrived at his off foe in Headquarters at 0900 . He immediately saw Gener~l S(. ltzrnan who was follov,ed at 0930 by ColonP.1 Joe Starnes who is making tour of Europe to get an over - all pict1.1re of the economic sitwtion He t lked with General Clark concerning the outlook in ustria ~t 1000 Gene·--9.l Cl'Jrk snw Colonel Mo.rget concerning the monetary conversion problem and s:iortly thereafter talked v.rith Lt . ,col. Halloran , 1i:PC , represent.r-i_tive from SHAa\ , Colonel Hallor--n {1esired information from General Clark concerning the advisability of keeping the · JACS as a permanent pa.rt of the army , making th em reserves , or fully disbandine them . General Clark has always been well pleased with the WACS . At 1100 hours General Clark attended a decoration and promotion ceremony of the officers at USFA which was held in front of the Headquarters building .. A comrany from t.he 4?nd Dhrision made up the Honor Guard . Among those decorated was General Flory , Head of US,,,CA , who was awc:...rded the Legion of Merit by General Clark Imrnedi~.tely 3_fter the ceremony 1hr Erhardt , rolitice.l advisor, conferred wi.th Gene-rs.1 Clark and at 1230 General McCreery , Commander-in-Chief of the Bri-Lish troops arrived with Mr . r.·ack, British politicRl advisor for a conference . At 1/4.00 they had luncheon in the Command1-ng General ' s mess in Headqt.arters , and shortly after General Mccreery and Hr . Mack left for British Headq_uarters . 0 I ( At 1500 Mr . Joseph Zielich presented General Clark with a statu ette of George 1 'ashington which is a replica of the statue v1hich ustr:i.a presented to the Jnited Sta.tes in 1932 in commemor'1tion of the two hundr edthbirthda:T of the first President of the United States ., General Clark left his lier d quarters and 1rialked to his villa at 1550 hours and in th.e evening im.-j_ted Count Larisch and his two sons, a.nd daughter- in- law to his villa for dinner . * * * 7IErn.TA NOVEiiiBER 10, 1945 Gen9r 1 Clark arrived at his offic e at 0830 and immediately conferred witb Gen8Y'Bl Rrann anr~ Mr . Erhe.rdt on the forthcoming Allied Council I':eetjng. All the topics on the agenda for the me9ting wer9 discussed . Colonel MBrget was called in for the conference when the problem of monetary c>orivers:ion was discvssed . Gen~ral Hov1a.rd saw Gc~n8ral Clark at 1000 and at 1045 Gener"'l ClHrk left his Headc1'Larters with General Brann to '-' ttend th9 "llied Council keeting :vhich bsted until 1545 . Immediately after the meetj_ng Gener:- 1 Clark returned to his Fet1dqParters wh1?,re he held a press conference and shortly thercqfter General Clad: l,gft his Headquarters for • his villa . In the e1 r1::mine- at 1845 hours Gener&l Clark gave a bvff et supper nd a n1L::ten in" on the A•rmy ...·Notre-Dame game, for forty - eight members of his Headquarters . The score of the game was M5-0, rmy, Colonel Sarnot:ce ,nd Colonel OstlPr splittin1s th9 pot . 1 0 ¥ General Chrk µent the follo"Ting message to General George S. lati.on, tTr., Commarn·1ing Genera] of th~ 15th ;~rmy . ( �9l Today on your birthday I offer you my he 1.rtiest congro.tul:::ttions , and those of my l \..FA associ tes .. Your brillic..nt armored thrusts spearhe dingmanr of our •urope-n attacks , nd your superlative record es one of the out standing b ttle leaders of this v,zr r , shv.11 '?Ver be renembered in American )ilitary History J1"c y this armiversary be a mo::t enjoyable one for you . I send best wishes for your continued health and happiness in the years ahe,n.d . n 11 0 * VIEH TA--NOVl:'.d'.BER 11 , 1945 -Gener' 1 Clark left hL villa at 0700 hours to go to Sal ,burg . After driving to Linz he took a .. 25 from Horschine airfield which was piloted by Lt . Colonel Eartjn , Base Commnnder , c.nd landed at Salz burg, at 10/15 hours . The Gen8-c.l was met by General Harry Collins , Cor:rrnander of the 42nd Di v:i sion anc 1---.ter dcC'orated him with th9 Silver Stqr and the Distinguished Service iTedal. Later in the day Gene,--al CJ..~rk drove to Im1sr ck where he was received by Generr-1 ethouart who vJill be the General I s host for the next fevv days Gen-3ral ei, rk ;:1.nd General Bethouart had · planned a s. tort hunting trip . General Clerk sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, ,'ITa shir gton, D .. C. (Report to the Secretary of State) , J.eference No . P- 5538: ( 01 . J' llied Counc_· 1 me <1t ing held 10 November . General relations good . vi dent Russio.ns O!"}err:t5 ng under !.:oscow orders on currency conYersion and resorv'3.tion of governmental powers . On b .sis of conversation tods.y with Koniev I fee more hopeful of satisfactory agreement on ci.::rrency conversion . Koniev expressed hope I was not serious abot1t conversion by zones . I assured him I vms unless he vmuld be reasomhle . Koniev will report 0 1..r conversion to his governrnent and hopes for fa.voroble instructions by middle of next week . Koniev e:xr,ressed personal agreBment in general \7ith follovr:i.ng principles insisted upon by U,j , ritish and French elements and accepted by Austrians ., a. Conversfon of Reichcm~_rk enrl _.i.ff Schilling notes a bove 5 schillings into l\.ustrian national schillings to be[:in 10 Dec ember . b ! llocation o f 2500 million schillings for civilian needs at outset of comrersion, to be supplemented by proi:ortion o· cur~·· ent note pro ductfon in weeks irnmedi tely folloriing until totc.l of 3300 million schilJ :tngs for ci.vilirm needs is r9ached .. c . r::ili-!::a.ry needs to be taken from baln.nce of estimrited stock of L:500 million schillin~s expected to be available in December of allocation among four :r;owers to be on rei13onabl9 ha.sis d . If 4000 million not then available, allocation for civilian needs 1vill not be reduced below initial 2500 mil lion consj_dered minimum necessr.ry for ,.uPtriR.n eco nomy . �e In deciding an amount and 11ature of blockin3 necessary , we should take a.dvice of 1-tu:=:trian~ and in any case inc]ude a clatse gi ring .P Uf' · rians discretj o:n. in rel e!J si nr; strj ngency of blocking me(. surcs . rt2 . On question of governmental po,·rers reserved by Allied Council ea.ch member stated he had consulted his government and stj_ll ma.int-:i.ined the position he had t,.k9n at 30 October rrt8'=tj ns, rAported in my P4 752, i e Koniev insisted on points one and six a.s they st nd in para 2 tb~rein, other pov1ers would not accept either of them with exception clauses there in "3 . s1,.ed l~oniev wheth r I ,Aras to unrlerst nd he wanted 1.milat r-al a ction on im}X)rtant things like trade and financial rel- tions with which .utl.C agreement ch rges Allied Council He ::lrgued his formulr:... did not do this s·7~n-=, Co tncil had recognized EennAr Government def--icto f nd r '2R had don,:) so dejure-. I pointed out this me~mt recogni 17 ing supreme · authority in Renn -,r Government rather than in Cou.ncL . He merely ref erred to 20 October letter to Renner . 11 4 I 0 In discussion of proctic, 1 effects of vnilateral versus joint actj_on be digresse to Potsdam greement "by v1hich Soviet Governmsmt was g:jven ri ht to all Germon ~ssets in ...,astern .Austrian , saying thu.t any differences abcut its me, . ning .ere for set-i-lemgnt between Governments and not by Allied Council . "5 . I pointed out I wa discl ssing methods not substc.nce end uggested Political Advisors withdraw to try to record proposal.. ihen they were unable to agree I sugf·ested we may have be'3n mist::i.lrnn in ➔.,rying to list specifi c powers to be reserved and that we had perhaps better drop the attempt and try a new eppro"ch based UiJOn fact · 11ied Councj_l i., supreme authority and specific reservations therefore unnecessary . 'Ihis threw constern-:. tion into So~rir➔t gro1 p which then egan pre·ssing for immediate adoption of thAir first five t:oints leaving sixth to later consi · eratj on . tt6 . e decided to let politic· 1 advisors reconsider whol1:; .__ uestion for specfal r.1eeting of Council on Frj_day next . u7. Before adjotming I announ ed thqt my Government vdll designate Erh .rot as !X)litical rBpresent.o.tive to the Atistrian Government 3.nd receive a political repret1entati ve of it in Jashington . IvlcOre,:,ry made similar statement ': bo -1 l' 1 ack . rnfortvrntely Koniev seized this opportunlty to say our action paralleled theirµ an< t.h re rrJus, therefcre , no longer any reason not. to @"J.~ee with their formula for repr 0 eentation . I stressed t:e~t this Wt?.S in no \'1ay to circumvent Council , that Erhardt would continue t o sit beside me as my !X)litical hdv:i sor anf th- , Austro rrArican aff irs would continue to e h;:1ndle . throu h the Council as err.:>tofore . 0 11 8 . In addition Allied Council approved : (1) one hundred nineteen decrees of Renner Government found nobjectionable by all powers and five �93 decrees with cert2in amendments (2) Disposal of war material ccor ding to Berl:tn agreement (3) adripartite censorship of civilian communications in Vienna (4) Acceptance of military missions from Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia under Article 12 1 C agreement ( 5) sking respective Governments to make representa.tions to Yugoslovin, Hungr~ry :md Czechoslovakia concerning expelling Germans into /.usttia. and l tter to German Control Counc_l on repatriation Reichsdeutsche and disposal of Sud et.ens and other Volksdeutsche n 0 * VIEI:iTA NOVt~ rn R 12 1945 General Clark was away from Headquarters and the guest of General Bethouart in Innsbruck * VI 1_ 1NA- NOV~,1BER 13 1945 of General Bethouart . * * * * General Clark visiting in Innsbruck as guest * * * VIENN1 - NOVE:EBER 14, 1945 General Clark arrived in Salzburg at 1100 hours and h d lunch with General Collins, leaving for Vienna shortly thereafter . He arrived by car at his villa in Vienna at 1930 hours and hnd dinner . The General retired after dinner . * * * VIENNA N0Vrnv1BER 15 , 1945 General [lark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and imrriediately saw General Brann . At UOO he was inter11iewed by John Dos Passes , writer for Life Magazine , who is on his way to the trials in Frankfurt . Colonel Grogan accompanied Mr . Pas sos . At 1130 hours Liiss Jane Kemon , granddaughter of Mrs . Kimb9.ll resident of the Kennedy 1Narren Apartments in Washington, D saw the General She is now working in the Air Division , l SFA . Shortly thereafter John La.risch , son of Count Lnrisch, talked with General Clark for a short time General Clark had lunch at · 1300 hours follo 1 dng which he saw Colonel Hieb , Medical officer . At 2015 Lt . Colonel Charles ;i . Thayer , who has acted as the General ' s Russian interpreter, was presented with the Legion of Merit, after which General Bethouart conferred with General Clark in his office . Upon General Bethou.art 1 s deplrture, General Clark dictated letters for Mrs M. W. Clark and Miss Ann Clark. After conferr:ing with Mr . :ili-hardt , General Clark walked to his villa with General McMahon . In the evening he had dinner with friends at the Bristol Hotel c., 1 General Clsrk sent the following congratulatory message to The Hon . John J . McCloy , Asst . Secretary of Vvar, Reference No P- 5816: �.( "Congratul tions upon your splendid perform,ince of duty an~ effective support of our fifhtfog armies in the rreat3st war in history . Your tire less energy, dynamic force , great intelligence and backg;round of combat service :in ;orld ~"Jar I were of immense aid to the men who did the fighting in Italy and throughout the world . May you after a vrell e~1rned rest resume your activity in our nntion 1 s interest . My officers and men bid you Godspeed and good luck n General Clark wa:=.: unable to ttend the openj ng session of the Intern, tional Military Tribunal in Nur nberg, and sent the follovling message to the Hon . Robert H Jackson , U .s . Chief of Counsel , Nu.rnberg, Germany , Reference No . P- 5813: ''I regret that a meeting of the 1'.llied Council schedvled for Tuesday November 20 in Vienna , prevents my accepting your invitation to attend the openjnf sessi n of the Internc.tionr-ll j..Iilitary Tribunal in Nurnberg . I apprecir:>te your thoughtfulness i.n inviting 1r,e a.nd in making billeting arrangements for my stRy there had I been able to attend . I send my sincere best wishes , and those of my ssociPter; Rt SFA, for your success in brino-ing to full ~nd speedy ,justj ce all those guilty of war crimes in Germany . rt * VIENl - NCV · tBER 16 , 1945- General Chrk arrived at his office at 0900 hours where he sp,ke shortly with Colonel Nygo. d . The Gener-~l then talked with General Salt zman General Brann and Colonel Tu~arget conferred with General Clark on the forthcoming Allied Council meeting . r~r . Erhardt ~lso joined the conf9rence which lasted until 1030 hours . General Clark left immediately for his off ice in the Inter- Allied Col'T'miss:..on and at 1100 hours attefided the Allied Council meeting which lasted until 1800 hours that evening . _ Currenc~r convers:i.on was the. main topic for disc1::ssion , and a favorable decision was rendered . General Cle_rl: had nress conference :3t 1815 hours and after entcrtaininf the press in the . Commandj ng Qeneral ' s Iv1ess left for his villa and retired . General Clar}· received the following message from USFEr , signed by General Patton "Prior to his depirture from the Theater, Gen9rc=-.l ~isenhovl/er directed t,r,~t the following messag~ be read to all memberG o: your comrn~nd: u 1 On Novewber the 22nd , Americans all over the vorld will together celebrate Thanskgi,dng Day ., This year more than any for m::my years :past we h nve truA ca.use for full gr, t ·tude; this y ar has brouf)it the r" entry of neace and freedom j_nto the civilized worlc. Let us, therefore , offer our· earnest Hnd h Rrtfelt thanks for the great vfotory th D.t has been given us , and for the right we now hold to continue o T l•=1bor-s towards last· ng world peace .. 0 �0ur work is not yet finishcde .ve must no➔ allow ou::·sel ves on this de y, in turning our tho -e;hts to t.he µ1st, to fail to give serious thought to the . uturc . e have assided in the rebirth of a free world; we must now ss:i.st in its bnsic education that it may evolve into one forerer free . Our weaf.X)ns in this ne'"l to.sk must be ourselves --- our gviding example and .ttitudee, an our earing in he mjdst of others . 11 n:,!e ar over'"'.~ s -- way from home , helpine: to rule nd form the minds of a misled people, as the representatives of a gre,. + democracy a democracy :,hie 1 '."e rrve dedicated to th8 true est8.blishment of the welfare and dimity f ma 01 enrth . Ot..r former enemy, whose country we or cupy -,ust look to us for guidance and example . The obligations Ne have , 1us imposed ·cror.. ourselves are at once obvious and j_mmenso; we c. n meet them only by remembering our basic rec.sens for f~_ghting th.ls war and comforting ourselves "'Ccordjngly .. 1 "l'..e can edvcate only as we 101.d . In ·.heir past blindness these people have len+ themseb0s Jo the purposes of tyrar.inical dict~torship; it is only through ed· cation ovm· ' long period that le can uilrl . n + hem the enlighte:oen spirit ..,hich will f' itself breed futur .:. :::eacc . to rr::iGt , -:here.fore , exc t ov.r f:3Very ef!'ort +o se-: -:lvyays an example of fairness · nd correctness, e.nd of firmness tempered with justice not only in our dealing with those we now go-·ern, but in ..,.11 our actions amongst them. 1 'e mus moet th'7 s ch~llenge ·iith tho s~rre st0--1dfrstn0Gs of purpose n_ ich has made it !=OS sj_,J~e for t~~) -tc '., th"'nkful for the e-,; ents of' the rnct ;{t;'.rs . n * ~r:I:r:U~ Jry~:r1~.. Bli 1. 1 7, 191,5 -Gener:-1 '1.r:: ~.:-rived 9.t tis office · t 1000 hours and conferred .rith General Brann and G~neral 'l'ate for qvite sometime. Lr. Christ enberr-y talked vrith General Cl-~rk for c. short time G13ne::-n:t_ lark then conferred with Colonel Porter concerning pl~ns for later in the day ,. fter wr j ch General Cl rk saw Colonel Grogan a_nd Mr. Dem<J.roe 1=>ecs .. Mr . Bess is a war corres);:ondent who had been 11i th the General pre-riously . /.t 1230 Gener!'11 ClP rl~ left his office vd th olonel fort er ..,nd r~t :irned "'.t 2000 hov._rs 1 or a s.ort w~le . General Cl rk sent the fol] O\"ing me"·sace to the Jo:_r:c. C,hiefs of Staff, :--ishington, D C , (R~rort · o Secret ry of State), R. f;:;rence No . -- -5949: 1. lli'3d Council hel ~ extraordin ::'j~ meeting lf rovember, princi:p3.l subject, currency conversion . _greer.ient re·-cted a..fter prolonged discussion on conversion oi' Reichsmarks ape l.llied I1i.litary SchilJj_nzs ir:.to Au ... trian Na ion 1 fch·n..J..ings . 11 • Det .ils of the conversion plan fellow pen9rall~:1 the lines in "'icated in P~ragraph 1 of P 5538, ·vith minor morlifjcctions as follows: (1) ( 2) ( Date of cor..version 13 to 20 Decem,..)or 191..5 . Each ind::_7ic:v 11 to r8ceive in cash no more th n 150 schil l jn ~s in return for Reichsmarks r:nd ~llied Military chil • in ~s turned in . ':'h,, r~,...t will be blocl~ed or re stri.cted ·t-1. rr.ounts to be decided b~r the ·Auctrian authcri- �ties ,. orkinv on " wmeral basis of 6& blocked . . t,strian ~,1thori ti Js _ma._r ,-..,1 x ere en _,n. ze of lo~1dngs as necessary, when nd ~.s .L ur· lier !fationul Schillings are printed . ( 3) b. ~ l'ot es printed subsequent to con'rersion to be al2..ot ed fiveeights fo civilian requirements nnd three-eights for mili tary pur ses until J·ustrian authorities h'-1.ve received 800 million schillings in PPropr .. 'lte denomin'-1.tions ovAr ·:i.nc1 above 2500 million assi:sned for civil:i.[;._n requirementa at beginning of conv'3rs~.on ost serious difi'icuLies in securing agreenent resulted fror.i _ ssi n r f :i.se 1 to permit ccor,limtion by 'llit.;d Council of dem<1nds of indiviclu'll powers for curr'3ncy for milik.ry pt,1rposes . t Council meeting _oniBv refused to ccnsider even inforrr..al consuF•·;tion betv,een Comnr.nders-in Chief before e ch power t:vould mf-lke its demands on /1.ustrian governn'3nt . Later in private confer ence however, I indl,ced him to cons9nt to such onsu1tr. . tion . Result w ~ de cision to llot out of on mil1 ard f5.ve hundred rpillion for conversion of rnili tary hol~ings n.nd one month ' s military expenditure two hundred millions 03.Ch to u.~ , British , an~ ~rench and nine hundred millions to USSR . Similar informal consuli"ations will be held on f'uture allocations amonr four po iverc, . 0 1 n2 . Political P.dYisers having been un· ble to reac'1 ['_greemi:=mt 011 question of reserved powers, the Chairman put before the Council a French compromise proposal I refused t.o accept it ecause it contained same features to which I had objected in Soviet proposal reported in P- 4 752 October 31 ) "3 . .cCreery then proposed following resolution , which w,... s adopted: "Since rticle 14 of the London · ~weement of July 4, 19,~5 provides that the nature and extent of llll:i.ed direction and 3uidance will be considered after the recognition by the four powers of a freely elected Austrian eovernm0nt , the Council decides to Wi:\it the fulfillment of th13 conditions lldd down in th-9 aforesaid Article bafore resuming the discussion of the e;uestion of reserved powers . The ,_llied Council instructs he Executive Committee to Prepare n study of this question now . In addition f rther important questions will r:.rise from the r9cognit.ion by the :'our powers of c drly elected Austrian government . rihe Allied Council instructs the Executive Committee to study c.lso these furthsr major problems. 1 "4. Bethouart announced French Government had decided to accredit his r:o. litical advisor also as political representative to Austrian Government ~md to accept a political representative from latter . He stressed that this in no way affects the authority of the Council . n �VIENNA--Nain:vrnE,. 18, 1945-•General Cle.rk arrived at his office at 1000 and immediately saw General Br nn and General Tate . Genernl Corbin of the C:uarterma.ster General ' s office , 'fa shi.ngt,on, D.. C., conferred with General Clark at 1030 on the use of surplus supplies and the suwly situation in generd . At 1045 Mr . and Mrs McCormick of the New York Times interviev1ed Gen-JrGl Cl:.rk • General Clark theii left his office for Ms villa to spend the rE,mainder of the day . 1 * * TI HNJ ·mv_, P}•.rrl 19 , 19.l5 Ge1"0r 1 at his of ice , t. 0915 ,,nd im'lle~.'ritely s 'l :en·r-1 Howard concerni..1rr .c &ecur:tt.r of _j_s 1 de;e ar;l -.hen conferred ~1ith G .,nsr 1 Brani.'1 r nc Gen9f'..-;i.l T te . Gener;l Cbrk r1ext Gavi I:r . :..r~- r ~ n · hen took cnre cf a.ccunn:l ed corre&1.x,~1dence . 3e .. d h::nc .. wit . . r.~.,. , _ rl1'"'.._"c1t Gen~ cl °Rr[:rn rmi:7 .lenerril ']>;·~ G r-nd rctu :ier~ to hls office where he worked unt il 1/430 hours nnd then left f' or ~-1is vill for t 113 _,_. .y . Gener q_ C'larl,. r 0 r ei ec1 t,._e 0nc~ Jo . ~c- s112, ~ 011 'N • .lg F e::::c:!.ce :'rc.,r: Gcner--..1 J::. a;:-1-~ff,Yor , a,.,f ~r n_h2..,}· :;rou for your kine. messace on my birthday * ( * irf;SR ?O , .. 9L,'3- ,.,,~ri~r ,..J. Clark ar~ivea ~t his off'ce c.t 0900 and pinned Solonel •·s c?.gles on Col . erhrrd Deutsch, Col. J ~rL c Rundell , rol. :..')..1 L .n;r· n --i_nd Col . ~red crick Stephens At 0930 he gr-:nted interviews to a group of r ?-:::Orters ~;ho --re on 3. tour of the :8uropean T e ter • ".t 0<]45 ~-<~mir· l Lo, r-;ry --nd Capt:2..:.n ··:i11te1·b.lr-r , he'"'.a of ·,._l v~l Di vision , tqlked ', 1.th Gener~l C'. •1 rk J...drnirr1 Low,--ry i& the Comr~-:nd:ing ff~_cer cf rbc ~1 av·.. l Divjsion j_n :.,.::'F"_,':' . ..L_.,''"l~Y''"'-1 Clar~~ , 1.ccomp-nied bJ t:r .. ..cobert Ch:risJ;:,enberry , 8:e113ral C1.11J..ir n ·rnr-1 Colonel Sr.ii-th , dep'"'rter1 .., T mc·-:,or :'or the ;•'1.<:: ..,,..11 1 G lodge "t 1 00 hours Gen°---'"' lark r ::. ;-Ad c.t his hunt in,: lc<:.c:e a . . cc.t 100 lwurf:. and spent h9 r -nuinc:er of th8 ~renj nc at is lodge . After dinner he took a walk nd retired early . ~e"'--rnl CI,. rlr recisived ,he follo".!in: message from 'Lhe Eon Ref AI'81'1C e I-To . -,:cL ?1942 • John .IcCloy , ttThank you _01.. cur very warming tolsgr. 11 . Cor;-d_ilg froi:i •: Comr.ci.nder of uc_ d::_stinct,ion ou c2n '· e s ·re I 'v.:.11 .1-re st1re it . 11 21 , 19Lt-5 .eDPra C a~c!r : ccomrnni..,d , y Mr ChristenberTy left -t·he lodge about 0830 and spent e d[{y in,. the h.:_lls lmn ~in,_ chamois~. How f!ver this w s not his luc::,., c1 • n-1 ~ returned t th lor ge ·· out 1730 emptyh0.nded He h d dinner and retired e rly VI ·1 . . . t T ,. 1 �Gener"',l Glnrk sent th3 fo}Jovlin€; message to · ·,10 Joint Chiefs of Staff regard:i.ng th0 critical food si ·uat ion which exists in th~ Russian occupied ( reca of Lower \ustrL , Reference No ., P 6211 ., 1 . Jmdr0as Korb Secretary of State for Fcod in the· l-rovision:11 Aus '., rian rJcnrernrric,nt on 10 November 19L,.5 submi ,ted c; i"ritten report to the /JtJJ.drJ.p.rti·.,e Foo 1 Committee of the .Allied Council outlining the critic•:.l food situation e:xj sting in th~ RtJ::oian Or'.'r>Ffied Lrea of Loner \t ::3tria . The rep:>r· str-tes thrihe estc 1Jliohed ration for the normal consumer in Lower .· ustria is 801 celor:ies per d ..y, nnd that due to non,.. ava-H a bHity of food normal consuri19rs in mo.ny areas actun.lly raceive no more thrin 700 calr;ries per ~-->y; that the RuPsians n.re importing no food into the aret1 .. tLat expected 1 VJ •wa:ne.bili ;;r of indigenous supplies during the conjnr· wint er vril.l cause the situ'>tion to 9'.et worse, and that a major disaster is threatened tinless considerable quantities of food - r c.> imported to lower fmstri • Conditions reported in t.hL., r'3port have been corroborated from other sources. The report re01.1es s the id llied Nations to furnish suffic:i..ent food to LmYer stria to pe:rm··t. m·1.intenance of r 2tion scales comparable to those of Vienna 0 1 0 ( "2. In inf rma.l convr::.rsations with m3m1x~rs of m,.T staff Tfarr Korb recentl r s , ted th t the Russians have never imr,orted food to Lower Austri•. 8nd t. ".:it dur:5.ng th 9 ear:{.y months of their occupa+ion the Russia ns used conslderable qurntities of Lower Austria ts lncU.genous food for subsi ctence of their troops , but in recent months this has been discontinued with respect to wheat ~.nd other major items although the P.us si8.n li.rmy cont..in,: es to consume local milk , vegeta )le and similar foodstu :.'='f's Korb stB.tes th- t serious malnutrition is <;i.lrea~y in evidence , a.eaths h2.ve occurred from malnutrition and that frequent demons rati ns of unrest have occurred in Wienernsustadt due to food conditions . u3 . The Ritssians s.re reslSL2.ng strenuously the placing of Herr Korb ' s rerort before the 11__lU.ed Council efor ,., elections . The--J neither admit nor ... erw the facts stated in Kerb ' s re:i:ort . N+• If conrlitjons do not improve in Lower i\ustrir. it is possible -:hav after the elections +,o be held 25 November the Austrian Crl:lvernment under Russian guid.r;i.nce may attempt to force the other powers to reduce ration scal es in other parts of Austria includj ng Vienna and use food imports so saved to alleviate conditions in Lower Austria; or m y request other rowers to make up deficjts in Lovier Austri a · In my opinion ration scales now in effect in Vienna. and the US ?;ones are tho mirrl.mum necessary to µcevent disease and unrest and I will resist ny efforts to reduce them Fu-rther I do n. t recorrime.nd increas"' ing our imports for use in Lower Austrit. as the feeding of that area is a definite Russian resp:msibility . Recent ir.i.formation reveals that Ru::-,si::.ns are br:ingj.ng c , 1 dition, 1 troops to Austria from Czechoslowkis. vrho in turn will live largely off the land ~ A critic 1 situa tion exists throughout the entire Rur:,sians area of •*ustria ,nd this sitv.Ptj on will be ag 0:r v ted if Rus sians fail to fu .fill th:dr obl_igations to provide food for their area . n 0 -* �l r1.-.r 91 , : m:--½ • , lod 0 c .... t 070 returned · s having shot • He e r_;_1h .nk2gh·i::··~ith Gene:., 1 nc fo'.hon .,. (',, l f, 1 ·, zrr 711 ?;-1'he1.. n C 0n r:-r' an' (;o~_Ol el G:::·ogn.n, Colo nsl E.riith, Colonel Jy d • r: r rry · t ~.is lo~ ~.3 . ~ a·· n11e1 1:: Gener'"' jr y. G ·1'?..... s , -r- 1 'V') '"':~.., .1.. _ -h ~ Qr-,n~-~ 1 Cl rk ::::?'.+ ni ed States Forces , Austri a : ttQn Thank sgiving Days of th e past , our f orefather s offered their 11~ve thanks for the freed.om they h .d found in our Ameri.ca You nd ;just "1dcC: our co ·n'·.rymen j__ -: r':!:J T .... t.:.011 .. · -L-Lt f' · ,,cuo:n , --.~1d in J. L 1.: be .. t,_j_o 1 ~ -1- :.~ o:)rrocse ~ pecp.. C::::' o: ·12~ ror1 ~ . L~ • ... ~m ~h .1~rful tcc'"'y f ,:; n,'11'1nder .. your coc· :itl..cut r:.·rn ·e cou ... d r vevot·on to ce, JOl:J.... LC~ 1.1~.ve v: n spiri-- , ... JOH). .:i-Lb you on t ·us Th·1.:nks,;;i ving r y o 1945 in ·ex···rcs:::. · g he~.rt±.' 1t .t· ·r c:.""'t~ en for · 1e ld.vine '"'tl. ic. _ee -::1hich led ·,1s to -i-.½_,, suceessfv C' m.t-•·... e·jon of th t missjon .:;_q!'e your fer 10nt t!'1rnt -1',.. 1 , 1{ . ..1.h t. a· ''"'. ne gt;i,..~,..,: me "".rl ..,sta ·lish world where '311 o~· all n 4 :.c":s ·:.L. ive tcwet.h ,r in tranquil pro,...perity fore,r .r n :r. . . un...,le c-, J ~ 3 , 19,45- 18:i:1ernl for ,;, , e,:1 · '.: .... '.::",!':. rnmained at his lodge duri'1g t e lk ·_n ·,he !lf'ternoor.. e , p·2;n1· t._1,:; ~a:.,. r ~::::-tir:g * * * iTJ 1A l.0V:" 2R 2L , l 9li5 G--1nar"l Sbr_{ left his 1- ,nt:.inf lodge :::i.t 1000 ours no. trent t' ~· :r _r.. th~ 11·1 s of :inderstod,'.;;;:::-· , =e.LuTn:.ng . out 730 hourc h~v:ng shot four chJ~1ois ch;r::nr;' · ne d . y . �w ,rry ing he ·'rmn_ er a ...aner 1 Clark l&'ft his hun '· jng lod.;;e t .lo .. icnn'"' b. c r e '"'rr:hr~d i1 1 Ti ,r-~~ ,.,t 1.4 5 y ·o --i J_ ;1,re 1e · h~d J ,l"'ch rrj r. C ~r, 4 en 1 al rested or n v. bil n t e evend early . d• •• rr1vec'. !lt his n,., ,11.D ·n re fe,J. o Jr-.c. ' r·r ._ ~rh _ t . J --.. c,_nn .c' -:- _i_'t~ C-::-•--,,_.,_~ ... 1 r".lrir}:, :Zor a short time . Lt ~ Grieorious , Ordnance, Speci l Project officer- , saw the General concerning telescopic s:.:..r;:JtE; for ~1::..G '!'~ ~-,., f:: ~n . . ,r ,. C"rr.~al :f "ie f ~ ~ ~tate D ,t,J...u:·~mant at Chserta · opi~-..d in t say 1&Jl ,.,_t' noon, 1 t t.er short confe .. erce ~irith Gene:r 1 To.ta , General Clark lunch . 0 J Immedi.:,tely after lunch Gen1=rnl fifol;ahon and General Tate conferred v1i h th8 General concernjng rranp-ements for a State De;_--,"3rtment cockt il party to b,3 g:tve:ri at 1800 hours in the evening . At 1430 General Flory s w Generc. l Clark to brief him on the Jewish Displaced . . ersons sitrn.tfon, and was followed at 11+30 hours by five me. mbers of the .Tmvish Committee of America, who a.r"= tourin •·~urope in order to see the condition of tTe!vish Displaced Persons cam s . At 1450 hours Gen9r,r.il Mel hon conferred ·dth QqnerAJ. Cl~rk nd was followed by C lonel rrogan t 1500 After ceeing ~i:mer 1 Tate for a short tim~ , Genera_ Cl ..rrl,. left hio off:.tce at 1530 W'>lk:i.ng wi- h G,:,neral Saltzm n to bis villa At 1800 hours General CJ.qrk guve a cockt.·:Ll party for forty members of the State Department and other m3mb0r s of he, .dq-Darters At 2000 hours the Gen0r,..1 had dinn.;r nith several m".3mbers of his staff ~nd later pl~y'9d ker * * * �l O,i, , ( Gene al Clark sent the following mes ... ge to Genl'.3rn.l of the Army George C flfarshall , 1rrar Dcr,st. ent , efereYJC8 ro . P- 6554: "In bj doing you this fonrl est f rewell on the erminntion of your br1.l i~.nt ten re of office ., I wish I v1°re t 1ere in ·1ash: ngton today to exnress to you the full me"" Sl1re of my personql congratul:1.tions nnd sincere th nks , as we 1 as t ose of 11 ranks h9re ,.,t USF.A Th, world 'vell !mows , , nd shall ever remember , the monument.al task rhich you so magnificen _,ly completed in supervising the victory ·of the l0rgest and e test armies to ever defend li. erty in the history of mankind . Time · shall not dim , nor sh 11 merica forget , the maenit de of your works • . Retirement from official office was never mo-re hiP."hly des9rved than yours I shall alt-';ays c e:rish the opportunH,y and privelege I had to serve under your r:.ble command re all most heartily gree ~ith the $entiments of Fresi• dent Trurr,cn ' s rec en-. statement of vour w rth, r:.nd in n rting we reg-..cetfully ·but prou.dly s lute trThe Greatest Soldj er the orld has ever known . 11 * * * * TI ,., ·A--lJCJ.r,..~•,·q,_R 27 191.5- General Clqrk arrived at his office at 1000 hours and tmmedi tely saw Co onel 1-'orter concernj ng arr ngements for a trip to It.aly in th near future . He next saw Gener-1.l Brann who was fallowed by Colon~J Pesek core ernj ng press cony to be delivered to t 1e Gener al each ·rno 1.!nft at 1050 hours .. Gener'1.l Howard saw Ger1Pral. Clar 1: and at 1120 M:r . lu.cCormac and Ttir . Foe or , rc3porters , inter-vier ed Gener-Jl Clark. Gener'l.1 Tate tf")lked i.v:i.th h~ Gene; .... nJ_ for s~1ort time t, noon nd 1tvas followed b:r Co onel Th :ver who discrs sed the S • 1 fter 1 un ' the General took care of all a c cumula · ed corresponde,nce and at 1430 hours left his of .ic We Udng t o his villa 0 0 , Gene ~,.1 Clark 1ssu8d the follow.1np; statement on Tuesday, the 27th, after the elections h2.d taken place i 1 Vienna: ''The TTnited States and the other Allied Occupation pov.rers have given to Aust ri something that is precious to all free men and vorvm: the right of free '31.ect:: rns , privile~e h~t hltler took a1~1a.y from them . his is one of tl e •. o~_;t important steps in +he . llies program of help~_no- Austria to become a free independent and democratic nation . t " stria ' s futvre is progrecsivel~r be -:i n ~ pl .;;. c ed J_n h~r orm hands . A free elect.ion vipes out another trace of Na.ziism and P-ives to the people Democratic government of :,heir ovm choice tt~:i nee the forces of th~ nj_ted S+ tes and the other Allies ent ,red A .strin , +h0re have been outstqnd~ng evidences of cooperation by 11 hustrians , an tho proP.;rPSS a.lready made to. ·r.ird the restorat:ion of A1-1stria as an indeendent democratic n.-..tion has be3n steady nd enccur ·~ng . n He rdll al * do our part to help Austria and its people . * * *w rt �VIEl'L A- ..: . BI.. ER 28 , 19/45- Ge~eral Cl rk !)rrived t _..is office b.t 0930 and sn~ G ,ner· l 'Ctr"nm . t 09L5 Gener2l Howc..r 1, }r.:iner ,l Tate ?!r:d Colon,. . l Faxon :rtr:.fec +he GAneral on c3.·,.., r reconn" is'1nc,-?. uni-1..s t .t 1000 Gen':~ral ,... eibert of C 2 . . -SFTT'T talked with General Clark on the G 2 se up, '".nc1_ :rns fol.lowed ;r Gen..,!.' .l Flory •;ho discussed t'19 ·~c "'t ~~ly repor' i::hich '· 1e ~ Hitary Comrdssj oner s 1 ;-;1jt,s . Gener .1 Rram1 a ain saw Gen9ral Clark and le.ter I r . r:,u_een ,. nr1 Fr ~; ed0n of the Eer?ld. Tri -iune , '~arc s -rlith our local P.t0 , interv..i e're the Go:ne1-- ... l . l~ ..,_jor ~J rm , lied.ical officer from the 110th StD tion Lospitnl tr~,,..,,ted Ge:ne:.~a1 Clar}- for an infection in his eye o.t 1200 . General Tate , S-e11eral , rnnn ··nd I1r c grhard conferred witL Gr.mer01l Ghrk · nt.il lunch .. :?ollov ing lune'. J~neral Brr:-r.n, Gener--:.1 Tete and rtr . Erhardt again conferred •.Ji th G'=nerr- 1 Ci ... rk nd. q..._ • c1· !1.ki .. i~ care of · cc-c11nuL t.ed cor:esp9nt~enc 0 , ~ h0: Gene~ al left h.:.r~ office for the d1y . 1 T. e Gener2.l sent .I.he fol owing mess .~e to S.eneral (.;osenh T .. lfoNe.rn;:y , 0o."Jno.nr1:ng G01~c:-c.l , F ., e, Forceo · uro e"'n fv~ t~r , Reference . . lfo .. •-6711-1-: "Dear t!oe· * Glac o renev1 the fine associ'ition Tle started ::.n Italy. * * tt * VI11, n~29 , 1945- General Cl~.rk arriyed 01 t Ms of:'ice at 0o35 . He i. ec-ia.tely s .w Grmer 1 Brnnn co 1cern2.ng the i:iaV·ers t be discussed w~.th ! 11 rohal Kon:t..;;V l· ter in the day . Geney-al C'l.srk talked vd_t:1 General G ltzman a.t 0900 concerning the t:r-ip to be tak0n to Italy and was follm1ecl by Colon .1 HyIT3.rd . C-oj.onel areet v1a.s cal ed in to c~iscus.,;, the currency probl em r.i..nd. at 0930 Genei--r.1 . ark 19ft his office to go to Baden to hrve 1.n informe.l conference with Marsh::ll Konie,r. He re ,urned to hj_s headc.J..1&rters 3l:.5 ho·vrs and fter lunch discussed the results of the confe,..,ence with Gen2r. l Brcu1 . The General le . his of· ice at 1500 hcurs for the day " ing GenAr.:-.1 Cl "rk sent the followinf: message to Jeneral ~isenhower regarddisc1 ssion which he lm.d. '.!:1..th r~a:rshal Rom ev e1trl:i er in the da;j . ! have jvst had a long pe ·sonal conversation with Koni~:N at his Head :rters in Buden . T ch foor1 resultec:i rom our conference One subject wMch he djscussed rAl•··tes to his c ·ncern cf adverse criticism in the ~meri can press of the ,... ovie ~nion po:.icies . I ri.ra convinced thnt _he rends only the deroga ory state111ents and fails ,o see- th,~ many f vorable reports which emanate :i:'roM the _1.r1 ericr.n press . ,~ould it not be a good idea if your Bure!.l.U o Pu lie Relations collec·:.ed and ser.:t, -to m8 o.nd to Mclfarney the many favor• , able artkles on Sov1et- er:n8riC'nn r:3 '1tions? These, men sutmitted to our . r3srec ive Soviet orros:i.~ es would r.roduce much good . n 11 q { �lo3 VIEilJKA--NOVF.J-1BER 30,, 1945--General Cla.rk ~rrived in his office at 0900 a.nd immediately s 1'1 General Tate and Genere.l Brann At 1 00 the General presented Colonel Grogan, Public Relations Officer, and Sargent Trent, the General 1 s Mess Sargent , with the ronze Star Medal for meritorious ..service . Both Colonel Grogan and Sgt. rent a re returnit1g to the StPtes for Christmas . A picture of the Commanding General , Deputy Commanrring General and Chief of Staff , ana Section heads• was taken a.t 1015 and immea.iately following the General left for the Alljed Council meeting which began at 1100 hours At 1430 hours General Clark returned to hi~ office from the meeting and immediately held a. press conference f) Upon completion of the conference General Cls,rk left his office for his villa where he ma.de prepara tions for le aving on a trip to Italy. At 1715 hours General Clark left his villa to go to Mehl.ling tation where he boarded hie private train .. Among the General I s guest who accompanied him on his trip to Italy were Maj . Gen. Harry J Collins, General S ltzman, General Sullivan, Colonel Porter, Lt . Col. Nygard , Mr Christenberry and General Clark ' s aide Lt . Traugott Gene:re.l Cl a rk sent the following mesrnge to Ron., Herbert H. Lehman, . UNRRA e Wa shington, D.C Reference No. P-6946: Director General 11 C'oncerning ( my conversation , i th you a.t the Columbus Dey Dinner in New York. I greatly apDreci?.te what you are doi n g with your organization in Austria . 11 Seven members of your Supply Working Party renorted here on 28 November in r .e sponse to re quest from the Allied Counci to stu-,y the problem of UNRRA aid for ustria PreliminA.ry discussions •ri th this group were held on 29 ~fovember ~ which inr1. icat es t will be several months b.efore any aid beyond tha.t now sup:pli ed ,Ji 11 be forthcora i r.. g " "I am gre Ptly concerned over conritions in Lo,.,e AustriP. Due to circu.mst~nces 'beyonc1. our control there is a. ureat shortage of f ood in thzt r~ rea , hich conc.i tion if al . . . owecl to continue, may cause many serious cases of malnutritjon this ~inter. Although this is in the area of responsibility of the Red Army the co1ditions there may reflect on conditions in the America.n Zone eno. in Vienna due to posdble necessity of divert fog our food and supplies to Lovrer Austria under emereency cono.i t ions . 11 ! feel we must forget the conditions 1hich created this situation c:ind a.pproach the problem as it exists today . I discussed this matter with Marshal Konev today and he would welcome any help UNRRA can give The longrange program envisaged by the Supply Working Pe.rty now here r ill not rneet the immediate emergency facing lo i er Austria. �1 I hope you can focus your attention on Austria where we nre making progress in creti ting an independent a.nd democratic nation of great importance to the United States and its Allies . 11 For ree.sons which you will unctersta.nd, the contents of this message must be considered confidential and no publicity whatsoever given to this message . 11 Hope to see you over here soon . n I'T.A.LY--DECEMEER 1 , 1945--General Clark , accompenied by Mr .. Christenberry , Maj. Gen. Collins , Generc.l Salt:zman 11 Col . Nygard ana_ Lt. Traugott arrived in Udine at 0945 hours . The party immediately left the train to continue to Pisa by C-47 where the were met by General OXX of the PBS . The party then took off for Florence by ca,r and arrived at the Angl~-American Hotel at two o'clock in the afternoon . A light lunch was served in the Gener~l's suite and at 2000 hours the pBrty had dinner with friends of the Genere.1 1s in Florence . ( I~ALY--D~CEI\JffiER 2, 1945--At 1100 hours General Clark, General Collins , General Saltzman ancl Mr. Christenberry a.ttencled mass at t he Santissima Annunziata Church in Florence. Lunch was served aboRrd the Genere,1 1 s train which had arrived from Udine at 1000 hours on Sunday morning . In the afternoon General Clark took a walk through the streets of Florence, and at night the General and. some of his guests dinerl out with friends of the General . I TALY--DECEMBER 3, 1945--Genera,l Cl qrk e.nd members of his pt?.rty with the exception of Colonel Nygard e.nd General Sullivan who remained in Florence , left for Rome by car , arriving s.t the Excelsior Hotel in Rome at 1600 hours . '11he General and his guests had a 1::Jte lunch at the hotel and at night General Clark , Mr . Christenberry, General Collins , Generd Saltiman and Colonel Porter had dinner with General Brady. ITALY--DECEMBER 4, 1945--General Clark and General Saltzman went for a. stroll in the morning and after lunch at the hotel, the General, accompanied by Mr . Christenberry and General Collins took the cAr for a drive to Anzio .. At 1830 hours the party went to the home of Ambassador Kirk for cocktails and retunned to the hotel for dinner . La.ter in the evening General Clark and. Mr .. Chrir-; tenberry went to the show at the Excelsior Hotel night club . �to5 ITALY--DECEMBER 5, 1945--General Clark dictatea_ e letter to Mrs .. C_ark in the morning . At 1000 Mr . Christenberry left Rome for the United States . After a short walk the General received Mr . Tittm:mn who took General - Clfark , General Collins , General Saltzman anaColonel Porter to the Vatican for an audience with the Pope A,t 1145. The General and his pa.rty attended a luncheon at 1330 given in Generf-11 Clark 1 s honor by Lt . Gen RidgePs.y . At 1845 hours General Clark , Gem-ral Collins , General Saltzman, Colonel Porter and Lt . Traugott went for cocktRils to the home o-P Gener?,l B,..aa_y to meet Crown Prince Umberto ~ after which the General c..nc_ his guests h a.d dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Tittmann. B'ALY--DECEMBER 6 , 1945--General Cl~rk and his party left Rome by pla,ne at 1030 hours and arrived in Florence at 1120 . Continuing on to Udine that same afternoon the plane was forced to return to Florence on account of bad weather and. the party remained in Florence overnight • • ITALY--DECEMEER 7 , 1945- •- Genera,l Clark and party left Florence on a :B-25 anc. arrived at Udine at 1115 where the group 1las met by General Moore of the 88th Division. Leaving Udine airfield at 1145 , the Generals plane continued on to Vienna , arr iving there at 2:15 o 1 clock . Gener~-1 Clark aJ1d General Collins went to the villa for lunch where they were met by General Brann . Gen .. Collins returned to Sal tzburg that same night on the 11 Mozart 11 train . ITALY--DECE!<BER 8 ~ 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours . After dictating some letters he saw Colonel Pesek ho w21s followed by Mr . Joseph Gray of the Political Division . Colonel Jack Nygard tal1t ed with the General for a. short time a.nd let er GenE·ral Tate with General OXX saw the · General . At 1115 General Clark conferred with Mr c Billy Rose of New York City concerning the entertainment facilities for office~s end enlisted men and also conditions for Jewish Displa.c ed Persons . At noon General Cb.rk promoted Ma.jor Snow and Ma,,jor McCracken to the grade of Lt . Colonel. He again saw Mr., Gray end Colonel Pesek . At 1300 the General had lunch '"ith F.Jembers of his stp_ff A.nd Mr . :Billy Rose . After lunch General Clark conferred with General Tate and e.t 1415 hours saw Mr . Figl , the new Austrian Chancellor who presented the Genera.l with a list of the new members of the Austrian Government . Shortly after theGeneral left for his villa where he spent the remainder of the e.vening . �General Cla.rk sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff i n Washington . Reference No . P-7627: 11 1 . At meeting Executive Committee 4 December discussion on reply to Renner i s appeal of 5 November for economic as dstance developed cleerly ns,tional position on food supply . US positions outlined in WAR 8589 of 292237Z •• British position generally in agreement with U. S . n2 . French stated they had agreed to supply th~ir area in Vienna on 1 , 650 basis but not repeat not in their zone outside Vienna, where ca.lory scale is now about 1, 200 , of which two third.s is supplied by French , remainc.er from indigenous resources . Soviets stated their underste.nding that four powers had accepted responsibility for supplying Vienna on basis of 1 , 550 but that there was no agreed responsibility to provide food for zones outside of Vienna , and that deficiencies in zones must be supplied by Austria from her own resources "3. All agree aid from UNRRA. essential on emergency basis and at earliest possible moment and. directed ce..b le be prepared to UNRRA setting forth situation and urgency and asking emergency a.ssistnnce with food to start before 1 February if possible . On US insistence agreed if UNRBA came in it would have free access to areas where it distributed supplies . 4 . On broad question Food Supplies Soviets submitted draft resolution critical of Austr i a government ' s e}ploitation Ano distribution of indigenous resources and directing implementation of food_ progress . This resolution al so included statement that Allied Council considers Austrian popul,:,,t ion can and must be fed out of its own resources until 1 March 1946 . British &nd US refused to accept resolution ana it was sent to Economic Directorate 11 for reconsidere.tion and redra.fting. 5 . Obvious from this meeting and subcommittee cHscussion thPt future French food imports except for Vien~a unlikely and that Russians will not supply in future except for Vienna.. 11 "6 . Promnt a.ssist ence from uNRP.A a-1nePrs best solution to -orevious serious shortages Lower Austria . rt General 012.rk also sent the following messa,€'"e to the Joint Chiefs of Staff rega.rding the new Austrian Cabinet members . Reference !fo . -P-7661 . "Ens;ineer Leopold Figl personally ca.Ilea_ on me this afternoon anc_ gave me the list of the new Austrian Cabinet A.greec upon by lesders of the three pe.rt ies which he he.s likewise sent to the Allied Council through channels . List follol-rs: �Chancellor and Foreign Minister; Figl - People ' s Party Vice Chancellor; Adc,lf Scha.erf Socialist Minister without Portfolio in ChA.r ge of Foreign Af i:'a irs; Gruber People's Party Minister without Portfolio; Lois Weinberger - People ' s Pa.rty . Interior: Oskar Helmer - Socialist ; Education and Worship . Feliz Hurdes - Peo-ple 1 s Party Justice : Geroe - Non-Party Agricul mre: Kr a.us - Peop le I s Pe.rty Finance: , Zimmermann - Non-party Commerce e.na Building : Raab - People ' s P$.rty Communications : Vincenz Uebleis - Socialist Power and Electrification: Ke,rl Altmann - Communist . Food~ Korp - Socialist. Socia.l Ad.ministration: Boehm - Socialist Property and Economic Planning. Schumy - People ' s Party. Under the Ministry of the Interior there is a People t s Party State Secretary Ferdinand Graf (who is to handle publi.c security matters) e.nd under the Property Ministry is a Socialist State Secretar y Karl Wa.ldbrunner . ( Figl told me confidentially that Renner wa.s . to be President and thq+ he would accept . He likewise said the.t the Oa.binet had been a.greed on by the leaders of all three pci,rties . He hopes that the Allied Council at its meeti.ng on December 10 will approve the cabinet and. I told him that I woula. do everything I could to bring this about and. would also end.eavor to get the Council to agree to recommend th8 t the respective Governments of the occupying po'A·ers should. grant recognition . I t olcl him this would. take some time but I hoped the Council would see fit to a.u thorize him to proceed with the calling together of tle Nationalrat ana. Bundesrat . the election of the president , etc .. • so that the new government cou'ld be formally esta.blished and operating before Christmas. VIEN.NA--DECErrnER 9 11 1945--General Clark reme.ined at his villa in the morning taking care of accumulated correspondence ana. papers . General Clark saw Colonel Smith of the Labor Division at 1215 hours A.nd received messages from various people in the Wa.r Department which Collnel Smith had brought upon his recent return from the States . General 01;.irk held a. conference with Mr . Doc Mathews , GenerA-1 Brann , · Mr . Erhardt and Mr .. Gra,y at 0100 hours . After resting a while in the afternoon he saw General Howa.rd. and Colonel Coburn C.. Smith who are lea.ving for the General . In the evening Countess Olivia Larisch ha.d dinner with the General . �LoZ ( General Cla.rk sent the follo ring message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Reference No P-7673 : 11 Referring to WARX 86274 , conditions in Vienna. are suffi.ciently known to warrant rea.sonalJly correct estimate of number of troops necessary here for each power .. Outside ViennA, conditions are influenced by factors such as numbers of DP 1 s, PWs , refugees. fuel. food , andother economic conditions , severity of winter , health and security conditions , destruction caused by ·ar and situation in neighboring countries, which are imposeible to forecast accurately Such factors in Rus dan zone lea.st known to us of e.11 zones as less infonnation avail able . Additionally capabilities of transport · to move Soviet forces elsewhere and to house and feed in other localities and possible density of mov€m e nt not sufficj_ently known . With our different military organizations difficult to give valid estimate as to wh, t rEic.uction can be ma.de in troop basis of other powers by use of mobile type police force . 11 In computing US requirements, necessary make following assumptions as to US Forces . First , that forces are available only for occupationpl duties and a.re consequently not immediately F.tVa.ilable for use in a comt)at role else\>'here in Europe; second , thP..t conditions mentioned first paragraph improve after this winter so that troop requirements for controlling or supervising progr€ssively decrease . These assumptions are not all necessarily applicable other powers because of different condi t j ons· in and ne~r their zones . 11 As to topics A, B, end C, estimate present needs of Vienna t includ fog a.djacent Vien.,_"1& a.irfield garrison, for ee.ch po ,rer as 9 , 000 . These inclucl.e comb~.t Bnd service t ·roops , mili tnry and Allied Council 1 headqua.rters "?ersonnel and a small air component . Use of mobile police-type forces will not affect requirements in Vienna , Progres~ively , requirements in Vienna can be reduced to 5, 000 per power by 1 November 1946 , 11 0ut side Vienna present US reouirements are about 31 , 000 normal type troo-ps which can progres~ively be reduced to about 16 , 000 by 1 July 1946, and 12 , 500 by 1 November 1946 . The employment of mobile police-type units of cav2,lry and military police could probably further reduce this figure to 12 , 500 by l July 1946 and_ to 10 , 000 by 1 November . At present time outside Vienna French requirements are slightly less than our O'ltm. British and Soviet minimum re~uirements outside Vienna are presently greater than our because of locat i on , extent , and cha!'$.cter their zones , particularly frontier responsibility . Estimate tha.t British minimum requirements N"Ould currently be a.bout 50 , 000 and 60 , 000 . (This purely a guess , -oerticularly with regards to Soviets . Use of mobile type police forces by other po-i;.1:ers might result in small saving if they he.d equipment availa1)le . Progressively British and. Soviet forces could be reduced to parity ,,rith US but only vihen conditions have stabilized by elimina.tion present major troop 9roblems caused by factors enur.1era.ted beginning of message . Recommend this scaling down to parity be spread over period of time . Specifically, recommend that ea.ch power be asked to agree to follov,ing. �l69 ( "I . To reduce progressively , beginning at once, the size of the occupying forces in Austria. ti II. To phase the reduct ion so thAt a .. The mazimum forces of each power in Vienna and adjacent Vienna airports ~ill be limited as follows By 1 July 1946, 8 , 000 By l November 1946 , 5 . 000 b. The mazimum forces of each power in their zones outside of Vienna will be limited is follows : By 1 July 1946 , 16 , 000 for French r 16 , 000 for US , 30, 000 for British and 40 , 000 for Soviet . By 1 November 1946 , 18 . 500 for French, 12 , 500 for US , , 20 , 000 for British , 28 , 010 for Sovi•t ~ ttIII . To effect a progressive further reduction after 1 November 1946 in order to arrive at ~Arity i n the size of the forces of each power . IV . Tha.t in order to reduce the size of the occupying forces , eP..ch po,,rer will wher e pra,ct icA.h le use to the maximum in the zones outside Vienna mobiile police-type forces or other organizations and equi-pment that i••i l l reduce needs of manpower . 11 Tha.t in specifying thf7 size of the occupying forces , the f i gures include officers and men of land , air , and sea forces . V. "VI . 'nhat the figures as to s i ze are mazimum figures and that each of the occupying powers may in their discretion maintain garrisons of lesser strength . ":NEW SUBJECT: It must be borne in mi nd that the above figures are educated guesses , particularl y for Soviets and to a lesser extent for French and :British . Whereas US proposed reductions are probably fl}ore accurate they must de:pend on coordinated action by other powers . 11 Referring Topic D, I offer following 'comments . fl{l) Generd . General policiew and major obj ecitives outlined in State Dep~s 299 are fully supported here . I "(2) Powers and functions of Allie<l a.uthori ties in Austria. in immediate future . It is suggested that after new Austrian Govt . formed as result of elections has been recognized by the four powers , the Allied authorities in Austria should no longer exercise supreme authority in all matters affecting country as a whole . Instead they should (a) retain responsibility for �uo handling certain specified matters themselves, (b) retain control or sunervisory power (including veto power) over certain other , but (c) exercise only guidance or advisory functions regarding most l~rger long term problems . These three categories may be indicated as follows: tt (a) Matters to be handled by Allied authorities themselves . These include United Nations DPs and PWs ~ United Nat ions property , Allied rep_ rri.tions claims to German property in Austria , enforcement of German surrender terms so fer as Austrie. is affected , demobiliz tion , separc:tion and disentanglement from Germany , importation of essential relief and rehabilitation supplies , and , when requested by Austrian Govt. Patrol of international frontiers and assi stc,nce in maintena.nce of internA-1 order .. Except for le.st three iteme these are matte.rs in which Allied powers h&ve major interPst of their O'rn . 11 (b} Matters on ,r•hich Allied authorities ,~·ould retain control or supervisory po 1.~ ers ( incluc_ing veto po,,,er) ·~ These are matters ,,rhich have importai."lt be8ring on preservation of peace , 8nd incluae the conclusion of political and military treaties bet ,reen new Austrian Govt and forei.gn Govts, maintenance of an Austrian military estt:1blishment 901.:;session and development of industries useful only for war purposes ,. foreign trade and economic relations ,,,1th oth&r countries ( inclua.ing regional economic arrangements) , denazificet ion ( t, 1hich can now best be handled by Austrians under Allied su:r,-ervision) , and preservetion of freedom of speech . freedom of press, ~nd other civil liberties . (There should be no Allied censorshin . ) u (c) Matt ers on which Allied authorities would furnish guidronce and ad.vice to new Austrian Gov~ . .,,\11 remaining matters 1:·ould fall in this c~tegory . The political matters inc lude question of holrli:"lg ne\1 nr-tional elections within t1 elve months if found desirable to a.o so , relations bet •een Federal .,.na_ provincial govermnent, constitutional powers of the president , and relations behreen State and Church The economic ma.tters include rehabili tetion, and labor pnd social questions . 0(3) Organizatiqnal setup and methods of operation of Allied authorities . It is hoped that a new agreement can be entered into among the four Governments ir!. nec1-- future vesting que.dripr:-..rti te Allied Commission with powers _nd functions some ·:h[-~t as suggested above . I suggest that 1 t might be left to the discretion of ea.ch Govt to decide whether its highest rer,resentn.tive should be military or civiliAn c=ind ~hether its element of Allied Commission staff should be military , civilian, or mixed . In this connection my recent private talk rith Koniev indicated he strcnty favored retention of military control . The Divisions of Allied Commission should be adjusted. to conform with ministrtes of new Austrian Govt . The agreement should provide that the three categories of of m2.t ters mentioned in per a 2 a.bove should be dealt with through proceti.ures somewhat A8 follows : ( �lll ( "(a) Matters to be ha.n dled by Allied authorities themselves . Agreement as to all policies should be reached. , on basis of unanimity• in Allied Commission . Execution of the policies could be entrusted in some cases to Qµadripa:i::-tite egencies a nn. in others to forces of the various powers , as agreed in Allied. Commtssion. Aue +,rhm Govt . should collabort:i te an~~ be called upon for assista.nce to extent found advisPble . 0 (b) Matters on which Allied authorities would retain control or supervisory powers (incluci.ng veto po'ltrer) •· Decisions should be reached on all these matters by Al lied Commission on basis of unanimity . However proposed acts of Aus t ri?'1 Govt should be a.llowed to go forward or to t ::ike effect a.u tomPt ica.lly in absence of exnress notification of veto within ap"9ropriat e short periods . In all these mRtters , any necessary rork would be carried on by Austrian Govt . Investigation of Austrian ~onroliPnce "".rith AC rulings should. be made by quadrip artite committees or agencies . "(c) Matters on which All'ied authorities would furnish guidance and Pdvice to new Austrian Govt . !n these mA.tters the four Allied pouers should urefer &bly act through Allied Commission, on basis of discussion and unanimous agreement . I f one or more powers should insist on extending gui dance or advice on particula.r ma tters unilaterally through diplomatic renresentatives , there would seem to be no way of preventing it . However , agreed quadrip artite guidance and advice would sometj_mes carry greater weight .. 0 (4) Zones of occup Btion. Troops of the various powers should be assigned to specified present localities and their movemEnts should be restricted but zonal deme,rcation lines should be elimin3.ted so far as adrninirtration of Austrian affairs is concerned . Allied authorities should not restrict the moveme nt of Austrian citi.zens or Austrian commerce . Allied authorities should address all instructions a.nd advice to Federal Govt . except in ma.t ters of exclusively local concern . n(5) Future Changes in Powers and Functions of Allied Authorities . Function of im:9orting essential relief and rehP..bilitation supplies should be turned over progressively to UNRRA as l.s,tter becomes able to Rssume the burden . Grn.dUA.l. revival of Aus t rian foreign trade should also contribute to tapering off of quadrip r. rt i te responsibility for ci""1ilian supplies . "The new four-po ,rer a.greement should provide that highest representatives of four powers in Allied Oomriission may agree on behalf of their Govts from time to time , on basis of unanimity , to :relinquish control or supervisory powers (includj ng veto power) over any matters indicated in para 3 b above . 0 It ap"Dea.rs from numbered para 3 in Sta. -'- e Dept ' s 299 that St te Dent contempl tes incorporating in proposed new four :po•.'-• er Eigre ement provisions governing ultim11te liouidation of Allied Control and tr nnsfer of full sovereign rights to Austrian Govt .. Sovi e t representa.tives heve recently indicst ed the.t they consider signine of a peace treaty the act ~Thich will finally terminate four pO\.rer control ~ guia.ance of Austria " * * * * �lt2 VIENNA-...DECEMBER 10, 1945---Gene:r-al Clark arrived at his office at 0830 and immediately saw General Brann. Colonel Sloan was called in to the office and shortly thereafter Maj or Betz saw the General. Both General Bratm and General Tate walked with the General for a long while. At 09.30 hours Mr. Erhardt conferred with General Clark and later Mr. Doc Matthews, Director of European Division of the State Department, was also called in · on the conference. After seeing General Brann again for a short time the General left with Mr. Erhardt, Mr. Matthews and General Brann for the Allied Council Meeting which began at 1100. The General returned to his Headquarters at 1500 hours and at 1515 held a press conference which was attended by Mr. M. W. Fodor of the Chicago Stm; Mr. Seymour Friedin of the New York Herald Tribune; Mr. Lynn Heinzerling of the Associ• ated Press; Mr. John MacCormac of the New York Times; Mr. Panos Morphopoulos of Newsweek; Mr. Harold Queen of the United Press and Mr. Fred Wackernagel of ISB-USFA. After the conference General Clark talked with General Brann and General Tate, leaving his Headquarters for his villa at 1615. In the evening he had dinner with General Sullivan, Colonel Porter and Colonel Martin. General Clark sent the following message to Field Marshal the Honorable Sir Har old R. L.B. Alexander, Governor General, Dominion of Canada, Personal Clark to Alexander. Reference No. P•7176: "I offer heartiest congratulations to you today on your birthday. Your indispensable contribution to our allied victory during the past year must today be a source of great pride and satisfaction for you. Your many friends here in the U. s. Forces in Austria join with me in trusting that you will enjoy that same outstanding success in the fulfillment of your new responsibilities. I send my personal best wishes for your continued health and good fortune in the years to come." * * * * VIEl~NA-•DECEMBER 11, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours where he immediately saw General Tate and General Brann. At 1010 General Bethouart, French Commander, conferred with General Clark and at 1030 the General saw Colonel Porter. Dr. Gruber of the ' Austrian Government had a conference with General Clark concerning recognition of the new government and immediately following, General Brann and General Tate again saw the General. Mr. MacCormac and Mr. Fodor, news correspondents, talked with the General shortly before lunch and after lunch the General conferred with Mr. Erhardt and then General McMahon and General Tate. At 1400 hours Mr. Figl, Chancellor of the new Austrian Government, saw General Clark concerning the recognition of members of the new government. The Russian government is objecting to the new government as first submitted and General Cl ark is acting as arbitrator. At 1500 hours General Clark saw General Brann and General Tate, and then Colonel Rich, Medical Officer, concerning the medical setup in Austria. After seeing Mr. Erhardt concerning the Austrian government General Clark left for his villa. �\ l3 "Allied Council approved (1) reply to paragraph in Dr. Renner 1s letter of 30 November dealing with his objection to the size of occupation forces; (2) Invitations to Yugoslav and Swiss governments re telephone service between their countries which passes through Austria; ( 3) Aclmowledgment receipt of copy of Yugoslav note verbale re ele·c tion in Carinthia; (4) Report on Austrian elections; (5) Directive to Austrian government prohibiting military activities in accordance with Potsdam agreement; (6) Telegram to UNRRA requesting emergency relief; (7) Belgian Military Mission under Article 12, EAC agreement (8) Disposal of 31 Renner government laws, twenty without change, five with amendments, five abrogated by approval of conversion law, and ordered submission of a concise constitutional law to cover provisions needed to organize new parliamentary goy0rn~ent and a complete draft of a provisional constitution later. * * * * VIENMA--DECEMBER 12, 1945•-General Clark arrived in his office at 1000 hours and immediately saw General Hume, G-5. He later saw General Brann and Colonel Marget concerning the new currency conversion. Mr. Erhardt talked with General Clark on the most recent developments of the recognition of the new government and shortly afterwards General Tate saw General Clark. Later Golonel McLean talked with General Clark on several court martial cases which were pending, after which General Clark again saw General Brann and Mr. Erhardt. After lunch at 1300 hours, General Cl ark took care of accumulated correspondence and left his headquarters for his villa. At 1700 hours in tµe afternoon, accompanied by General Brann, General Saltzm~ and Lt. 'I'raugott, General Cl ark had tea with Countess Olivia Larisch. In the evening he had dinner at his villa and retired early. General Clark sent the following message to Brig. General l~evins, USFET, Reference No. P-7898: "Per phone request from Colonel Balmer your office following is text USFA reply ·to WARX 86274 and W.ARX 87430. Begin text. "Referring to WAHX 86274, conditions in VIENNA are sufficiently lmown to warrant reasonably correct estimate of number of troops necessary here for each power. Outside Vienna, conditions are influenced by fact6rs sµch as numbers of DP's, "PWs, refugees, fuel, food and other economic conditions, • �severity or winter, health and security conditions, destruction caused by war and situation in neighboring countries, which are impossible to forecast accurately. Such factors in Russian zone least known to us of all zones as less information available. Additional ly capabilities of transport to move Soviet forces elsewhere and to house and feed in other localities and possible density of movement not sufficiently known. With our different military organizations difficult to give valid estimate as to what reduction can be made in troop basis of other powers by use of mobile type police force. -· "In computing US requirements, necessary make following assumptions as to US Forces. First, that forces are available only for occupational duties and are consequently not immediately available for use in a combat role elsewhere in Europe; second, that conditions mentioned first paragraph improve after this winter so that troop requirements for controlling or supervising progressively decrease. These assumptions are not all necessarily- applicable other powers because of different conditions in and near their zones. ( "As to topics A,B, and C, estimate present needs of Vienna, incl uding adjacement Vienna airfield garrison, for each power as 9,000. Those include combat and service troops, .military and Allied Council Headquarters personnel, and small air component. Use of mobile police-type forces will not effect requirements in Vienna. Progressively, requirements in Vienna ean be reduced to 5,000 per power by 1 November 1946. "Outside Vienna present US requirements are about 31,000 normal type troops which can progress ively be reduced to about 16 1 000 by l July 1946, and 12,500 by 1 November 1946. The employment of mobile police-type units of cavalry and military police could probably further reduce this figure to 12,500 by 1 July 1946 and 10 1 000 by 1 November. At present time outside Vienna French requirements ate presently greater than ours because of location, extent, and character their zones, particularly frontier respon• sibility. Estimate that British minimum requirements would currently be about 60,000 and Soviet 60,000. (This is purely a guess, particularly with regards to Soviets). Use of mobile type police force by other powers might result in small saving if they had equipment available. Progressively British and Soviet forces could be reduced to parity with US but only when conditions have st~bilized by elimination present major troop problems caused by factors enumerated beginning of message. Recommend this scaling down to parity be spread over period of time. Specifically, recommend that each power be asked to agree to following: I. To reduce progressively, beginning at once, the size of the occupying forces in Austria. II. To phase the reduction so that a. The maximum forces of each power :in Vienna and adjacement Vienna airports will be limited as foll ows: �( f ( By 1 July 1946, 8,000 By 1 November 1946, 5,000 b. The maximum forces of each power in their zones outside of Vienna will be limited as follows: July 1946, 16,000 for Frencp, 16,000 for us, 30,000 for British and 40,000 for Soviet By 1 November 1946., 12,500 f'or French, 12,500 for US, 20,000 for British, 28,000 for Soviet By l 1 III. To effect a progressive further reduction after 1 November 1946 in order to arrive at parity in the size of the forces 0£ each power. IT. That in order to reduce the size of the occupying forces, each power will where practicable use to the maxirnum ,in the zones outside Vienna mobile police-type forces or other organizations and equipment that will reduce needs of manpower. V. That in specifying the size of the occupying forces,, the figures incl ude officers and men of l and, air, and sea forces. VI. That the figures as to size are maximum figures and that each of the occupying powers may in their discretion maintain garrisons of lesser strength. It must be borne in mind that the above figures are educated guesses, particularly for Soviets and to a lesser extent for French and British. Whereas US proposed reductions are probably more accurate they must depend on coordinated action by other powers." * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 13, 1945•-General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately saw General Brann~ 1The remainder of the morning he spent in conference with Mr. Erhardt, Ma-Jor Kretzman, Mr. Figl and Mr. Natirbov, concerning the recognition of the new government. Later he saw Colonel Sloan and Colonel Nygard . After seeing Colonel Cole who wished to thank the General for his picture t aken during a recent decoration ceremony, General Clark again saw General Tate. General Clark had lunch at 1300 hours and after conferring with Mr. Erhardt and General Brann, he left his office walking to his villa where he spent the rema~aer of the day working on correspondence. �General Clark sent the fol lowing message to General Patton who was seriously injured in an automobile accident in Mannheim, Germany: "Dear George: I and my entire command are praying for your speedy and complete recovery. MARK. n The following is a summary of the conversation between General Clark and Chancellor Designate Ing. Leopold Figl, and subsequent conversation between the Honorabl e John G. Erhardt, Political Adviser,and the Chancellor Designate. General Clark began the conversation by pointing out to Mr. Figl that he was interested in helping the Austrians to establish a government of their own as rapidly as possible. In view of the Soviet objections to the inclusion of some of the proposed members of the government the decision of the Allied Council has been referred to the meeting of the Executive Committee on the 14th of December, but General Clark was interested in mediating the difficulties before that meeting if it were possible to do so. General Clark asked Mr. Figl whether he had had an opportunity to discuss the subject matter of the conference with Dr. Gruber, and was assured that Mr. Figl had been informed of the conversation with Dr. Gruber. To General Clark's direct question as to whether he were willing to sacrifice the four individuals in question, Graf, Schumy, Korp, and Raab, in the interest of getting the new government established, recognized and functioning, Mr. Figl launched into an attempted defense of the Soviet allegations against the four individuals. General Clark pointed out that it was not a question of lack of confidence in these people, against whom we had no objections, but purely a question of circumventing the Soviet abil ity to indefinitely postpone the recognition of the Austrian Government by yielding on this point. Mr. Figl was apprehensive that if he yielded at this juncture further Ministers might be removed at Soviet request at a later time. General Clark pointed out that while, at present, the objections of one of the four powers could prevent the recognition of the new government, that after such recognition had taken piace any one of the four powers could prevent an attempted removal of an individual because it would continue to require unamimous decision. Mr. Figl f'el t that if he had to alter his government by substituting four or even three different individuals for those objected to he would lose the confidence of his party and of the Austrian people, besides the fact that he would be accused of pursuing personal advantage by sacrificing his friends and associates. When pressed for a direct statement, Mr. Figl insisted that he would feel compelled to resign and relinquish the formation of the government to some other individual . General Clark pointed out that this would not present a solution to the problem and that Mr. Figl, as the leader of his party, had a mandate from his constituency to form a government. On the �question of sacrificing his friends, General Clark pointed out that this decision should be made in conj unction with the friends in the interests of Austria as a whole. When pressed as to a possible compromise solution/Mr. Figl indicated that he would be willing to sacrifice Schumy and Korp if he would be allowed to retain Raab and Graf, although he was reluctant to yield on~ of these people. At this point, Mr. Figl proposed that he again at tempt to negotiat with Mr. Kisilev and .Marshal Koniev and suggested that the way had been left open for that by an invitation from .Mr. Kisilev to discuss these matters with him on Wednesday. He assured General Clark of his gratitude for the United States interest in attempting to untie the Gordian knot, and that he would report back by Wednesday evening on the results of further negotiations with the Russians. ( In a subsequent conversation with Mr. Erhardt, Mr. Figl took the same position. He was assured by Mr. Erhardt that the u.s. position was that Austrians who had been freely elected were entitled to sit in the government unless some definite evidence of a security nature was involved. Mr. Erhardt explained to Mr. Figl that he thought this was an attempt on the part of the Russians to save face in view of the loss of prestige they had suffered through the overwhelming Communist defeat in the recent election. He also informed Mr. Figl that he believed Marshal Koniev to be under instructions from Moscow to att.empt to reassert Russian influence in Austria through these moves. Mr. Erhardt suggested to Mr. Figl that he re-examine his cabinet and discuss the matter further with the Russians in order to see if a compromise solution might be reached before the meeting of December 14. General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff regarding the results of the Allied Council meeting of 10 December 1945. Reference No. P-7811: "Allied Council meeting 10 December was speedy. Most important point was Koniev statement he was not repeat not ready to discuss composition of Figl's new cabinet because of lack of time to study membership and because Figl had submitted no }:rogram. This was first time question of program was raised. Koniev attaep.ed great importance to program because this government must work under Allied Council. Suggestion adopted ·· to refer both matters to Executive liommittee meeting ].4. December . If that committee can agree Allied Council will act on 20 December. If they disagree, Allied Comcil will hold extraordinary meeting. I consider it vitally important that Fig1 1s government be recognized as soon as possible. Believe Koniev will stall if pos• sible. After Allied Council meeting he asked me in his office and stated that the Soviet objected to four members of suggested cabinet. Stated that if these four members were removed he would recommend that his government recognize Figl cabinet. My position is that the issue is more important than the individuais and I will do my utmost to get agreement in the new cabinet so that the"··government can receive early recommendation. �( General Clark sent the following message to Gen. Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Reference No. P-7960: "All members of the United States Forces in Austria who campaigned wi·t;h the magnificent Brazilian Expeditionary Forces in Italy join with me today in wishing you success in the important role you will play in Brazil's destiny. We shall never forget Brazil's great contribution to our final victory in the Mediterranean last May. I offer my sincere best wishes for the continuing welfare of your great _nation. 11 The following message was received from Chief of Staff , War Department, Washington, D. c. Reference No. WARX-88278: "REURAD USFA, P-7673 dated 9 December 1945, CITE PASGS relayed to CG USFET, MAIN WAR DEF ARTMENT. War Department proposed reply to State De• partment letter quoted in WARX 86274, 30 November 1945 partiall y as follows. "A. Agreement should be sought among the 4 Powers to reduce progressively occupation forces to these maximum figures on the dates indicated. (1) In Vienna for each power - 9000 on 1 February 1946, 8,000 on 1 July 1946, 5,000 on 1 November 1946. (2) ( Outside Vienna; Power United States 1 February 1946 31,000; 1 July 1946 16,000; 1 November 1946 12,500. Power France; 1 February 1946, 28,000; 1 July 1946, 16,000; 1 November 1946 12,500. Power, UK; 1 February 1946, 50,000; 1 July 1946, 30,000; 1 November 1946, 20,000, Power, USSR; l February 1946, 60,000; 1 July 1946, 40,000; l No• vember 1946, 28,000. 11 B. If State Department deems principle of establishing equalized Occupation Force figures important, figures for USSR should be used. In either case, proviso must be made that figures are maximum and need not be maintained but are to include all ranks of ground, air, and sea forces. Particularly in view of first assumption of para 2 ·of P-76~3, request your concurrence in or comment on the preceding paragraph this message. It should be pointed out that United States figures will not constitute approved troop strength, but will be subject to reduction by use of Police-type Unit and by other factors. 11 * l f * * �VIENNA••PECEMBER 14, 1945•-General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 0910 hours and immediately conferred with General Brann. At 1100 General Tate and General McMahon saw General Clark and were immediately followed by General Flory. Mr. Erhardt and :Mr. Mellen of the State Department conferred with General Clark on UNRRA and later Major Betz of PRO was called in to see the General. General McChrystal who had just come from the States called on the General later in the morning and was followed by Nir. Fodor whom General Clark asked to see. General Tate, General McMahon and Colonel Pesek talked with General Clark on Headquarters organization and were followed by Mr. Erhardt and Mr. Shaaf, of UNiffiA. The purpose of Mr. Shaaf •s visit was to give the General a clear picture of UNP..RA and its work. The General had lunch at 1330. At 1415 the General conferred shortly with General Tate and immediately following the General left his headquarters for his -villa where he remained for the rest of the day. General Clark sent the following message to General McNarney 1 USFET 1 Reference No. P-8050: I. I feel I must call to your attention the serious personnel situation developing in Austria. Our personnel requirements were recently furnished your G-3 in a detailed summary of personnel dispositions. I consider this summary as representing the minimum forces required to accomplish the tasks of winter occupation. Any material reduction in strength before spring will seriously interfere with border security, affect administration of displaced persons camps, reduce our ability to work and guard disarmed enemy forces, and curtail, if not eliminate, wood cutting for fuel to meet minimum needs in our zone, including Vienna, and to adequately administer military government. 11 ( 2. At present both the 42nd and 83rd Divisions are at approximate T/0 strength. Based on latest information concerning eligibility for rede• ployment, percentages of T/0 strength are estimated on dates indicated: 42nd Division, Jan 15 - 92; Feb 1 - 90; Feb 15 - 80; Marl - 80; Mar 15 70. 83rd Division Jan 15 - 64; Feb 1 - 64; Feb 15 - 50; Mar 1 - 50; Mar 15 - 45; Average of other combat units Jan 15 - 73; Feb 1 - 73; Feb 15 59; Marl - 59; Mar 15 - 46. Overall position for all troops, including service elements, Jan 15 - 76; Feb 1 - 76; Feb 15 - 63; Mar 1 - 63; Mar 15 50. As an example the 4th Cavalry Group of two squadrons, which arrived in Austria from Western Military District on November 27, arrived with 1,067 high or medium point score enlisted personnel out of an enlisted T/0 strength of' 1,463. These men will be redeployed, 500 by 10 January and the balance by 1 March. 11 �l;2o u3. To correct the above deficiencies there should be furnished balanced reinforcements to cover our current requisitions and future requisitions to be submitted in accordance with personnel procedures, as follows: During early January 8,000 of which up to 4,000 may contain enlisted men with point scores in appropriate brackets for return to US with the 83rd Division in April; on 1 February 3,000 on 1 March 2,000. Informal advice from your G-1 indicates we may be allotted 4,300 replacements for arrival in January. If this becomes a firm allotment the above requirement for January is reduced accordingly. I desire to emphasize however that these 4,300 replacements should arrive early in January to give relief we need. 4. I realize the difficulties you are havi ng in obtaining personnel replacements and I recognize the pressure you are under as to redeployment. I feel however, that unless the strength of my small force is kept near T/0 strength t his winter our ability to cope with the problems with which I am charged by the Joint Chi.ef of Staff, will be critically taxed and I vdll be forced to eliminate many essential · ·tasks. I am particularly concerned over the displaced persons problems. Any relaxing of administration of our displaced persons camps is apt to cause wrest among camp occupants and develop repercussions detrimental to our national interests. Furthermore we rely to a great extent upon disarmed enemy troops for performing many of our service tasks • 'l1his places a heavy demand upon our troops for guards. 11 5. I have just received. word that my command is being asked to furnish 26 officers and 396 enlisted men to Theater Service Forces as a cadre for a Graves Registration Regiment. As detailed above the personnel situation in Austria is now so critical that I must strongly request reconsideration. 11 6. I shall appreciate anything you can do to keep my units at approximate T/0 Strength. 8 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECEiviBER 15, 1945•-General Clark walked to his office from his villa arriving at 1000 hours. After his arrival he drew the four prizewinning names in the War Bond contest all of which went to enlisted men. After seeing Mr. Erhardt for a long conference the General again saw General Tate and Colonel Pesek and left his headquarters at 1215 and walked with Mr. Erhardt and General Saltzman down through the business section of the city in order to get a close view of the people . He then preceded to the Bristol Hotel where he looked over the recreational facilities which the hotel offered. He arrived at his villa around 1430 hours in the afternoon. 00Q hours General Clark had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Erhardt, ount Larisch:and other guests at the Bristol Hotel and later saw the floor s~ ristol Room. ,( I , ~ :{ fa \s IP' f f\l -I £ HJf ,J1 f DJ lt;..( I u. ' 8 & f �General Clark received the following message from Field Marshal Alexander: "Tank you so very much for your kind birthday greetings. I am very touched that you should have remembered it. Remember me to any of my old friends and my best personal wishes to you. I shall look forward to seeing you when I go to Canada in March." Maj. Gen. Leven c. Allen, Hq, 15th u.s. Army, sent the following message to General Clark from General Patton. "Your kind telegram received and read to General Patton. He and Mrs. Patton much appreciate your thoughtfulness." * * * * VIENNA--DECEI\IIBER 16, 1945-•General Clark remained at his villa during the day spending most of the morning walking with General Saltzman. Again in the afternoon he went for a long walk and in the evening had dinner with Colonel Martin and other guests . * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 17, 1945--General Clark walked to his office arriving at 0930. He conferred with General Tate who was followed by General Brann. After a short conference with General Tate, General Clark saw General Brann, General Sullivan and General F~ory and Colonel Rundell on the pressing economic proglems to be considered in the forthcoming Allied Council meeting. Shortly thereafter the General conferred with General Lewis, General Tate, Col. Knudsen and Colonel Eberhard on the food and fuel problem. At 1300 hours the General had lunch and immediately after conferred with General Brann and 1\/Ir. Erhardt. After seeing General Tate, General Clark left his headquarters and walked with General Brann and General Sullivan to his vill a where he spent the evening. He had a few members of his staff for dinner, Colonel D1 0rsa and Colonel Lazar among those invited, and later the General and his guests played poker. General Clark sent · the following message to the Chief of Staff, War Department (pass to Secretary of State). Reference No. P-8227: n1. Responsible Austrian officials state that Austrian Government has no present intention of protesting Soviet control of ex-German Oil Companies and Soviet refining program. (Ref War 87409). They point out that Soviet-Austrian relations in regard to oil became strained during SANAFTA (Soviet-Austrian State Oil Company) negotiations, and during the present unconfirmed status of the Austrian Government only increase of tension would result if Austrian authorities reopened discussions on oil. �tJ 2. Details of Soviet refinery program will be forwarded as soon as assembled. Soviet program aims at maximum gasoline production, of which product Austrian crude yields about 5 per cent. Former German refineries which Soviets regard as their property are .favored in allocating crude oil for treatment. 3. We are advised by the British that they have no present intention of protesting to the Soviets to obtain more Austrian oil for the benefit of Austria. They point out that such protest should originate with the Austrian Government when firmly constituted after which they might support it in the Control Council. They consider it tactically inadvisable for one member of the Council to originate this protest toward another member on behalf of Austria. The British further indicate that within their zone t~EL-Y control the production and determine the disposition of Austrian resources and this is similar to the control of oil being exercised by the Soviets in the Soviet zone. The British suggest that effective pooling of Austrian resources may not be achieved until the occupation zones are abolished. (The British view here reflected was obtained from E.A. Berthoud, Economic Advisor to General McCreary.) 11 4. We are planning action along the, lines of para 3 of your 87409. It may be desirable, however, that action be deferred until recognition of an Austrian Government is complete if this is not unduly delayed. Details of the oil situation here and of our proposed actions will be forwarded as soon as they are organized." 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECE1W3ER 18, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 and immediately conferred with General Tate. General Brann with Colonel Deutsch was called in to discuss the agenda for the Allied Council meeting and later Colonel Rundell was also cal led in on the conference. Mr. Erhardt talked with the General shortly after 1000 and at 1040 General Clark, Mr . Erhardt and General Brann left the Headquarters for the Allied Council meeting. The General returned to his headquarters at 1500 and held a press conference at 1515 which was attended by M. W. Fodor, Chicago Sun; Seymour Friedin, New York Herald Tribune; Lynn Heinzerling, Associated f'ress; John MacCormac, New York Times; Maurice Moran , Associated Press; Panos Morphopoulos, Newsweek; Harold Queen, United Press; After the press conference the General left his office for his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. * * * * �VIENNA- -DECEMBER 19, 1945- -General Clark arrived in his office at 0900 and immediately conferred with General Brann and General Tate, leaving his office for the opening of Parliament at 0950 . He attended the opening of the Austrian Parliament at 1000 along with the three Allied Commanders , returning to his office at 1200 where he promoted 12 officers and decorated one with the Bronze Star. He then conferred with Colonel Pesek who was followed by General Tate . At 1315 the General had lunch and after conferring with General Brann, left his headquarters at 1440 for the Hofburg Palace where the USFA art exhibit was to be held. The General presided at the opening of the exhibition which marked the returning of the art master pieces of Austria to the Austrian people . As representative of this , General Clark presented in a short speech the pieces of art to Mr. Figl, head of the new Austrian Government . Included among the guests were officers of the four Allied Powers and members of the Austrian government and Austrian circles . The General left the Palace at 1700 hours returning to his villa where he had dinner with General Tate . At 2100 hours General Clark left his villa for the Franz Joseph Bonhofe where he boarded his private train for Hinter stoder. The General will spend three or four days at his hunting lodge . Colonel Ostler and Colonel Martin accompanied the General on his trip. * * * * VIENNA--DECEJ.i.ffiER 20 1945--Tbe General and his party detrained for the lodge at 0900 hours, :.and lunched at 1500 ~t the lodge. Immediately following lunch., General Clark and Col. Martin went hunting but saw no deer during the entire afternoon. The following message was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference number P- 8565: The Council also approved: 1) a telegram to UNRRA asking for stated amounts emergency supplies during first two months 1946; 2) recrnnmendations of Legal Division on various laws of Renner government including those necessary to establish new governments; 3) directive to Reparations Division to develop general plan for handling United Nations property in Austria; 4) plan for supervising review of alleged election irregularities and prosecution of election law violations; 5) clarification of censorship civilian telecommunication and post (such services to open 27 December if technically possible); 6) prohibition of wearing German military uniforms after 15 January and instruction to Austrian government to pass necessary law to enforce; 7) Tone of meeting good and business transacted speedily.u 11 * * * * �VIENNA--DECEMBER 21, 1945--The General went out hunting at 0900 hours and returned in the late afternoon with a 10-point deer and a doe. * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 22, 1945--Lt. Clark arrived at the hunting lodge from Salzburg at 0930 hours. Shortly after his arrival, General Clark and Lt. Clark went hunting. The day proved unsuccessful owing to the fact that the snow had melted to a large extent and the dear had retreated to the tops of the mountains. General Clark sent the following to Mrs . George S. Patton, upon news that General Patton had passed away as a result of an automobile accident. "My deepest sympathies. The world has lost a great soldier. 11 -* * * * VIENNA-- DECEMBER 23, 1945--General Clark left his hunting lodge and boarded his train at Hinterstoder station at 1000 hours and arr ived in Vienna at 1730 hours . During the trip the General played bridge with Colonel Martin, Colonel Ostler and Lt . Traugott . General Clark was met by Captain Luther at the Franz Josef Station and was escorted to his villa where he had dinner with General Saltzman, Captain Luther, Lt . Traugott , Lt . Clark, Lt . Gruenther and Lt. Broughton. Lt. Clark and Lt. Broughton arrived Sunday morning to spend the holiday with Ge~eral Clark in Vienna. After dinner the General retired early. * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 24, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 and immediately talked with Colonel Pesek concerning the arrangements being made for his "At Homen on Christmas evening. At 11 o'clock General Clark saw Judge Rifkind, who just arrived from Frankfurt. Judge Rifkind is investigating the conditions of Jewish DP.a. At 1130 General Clark decorated and promoted 29 officers at a ceremony held in the Conference Room in the Bank Building. With General Brann and General Saltzman, General Clark visited the opening of the ISB Propaganda Exhibit at 1215 . Upon leaving the exhibition the General went to his vil l a where he had lunch with General Saltzman and Lt. Cl ark. The General rested a short time in the afternoon and at 1600 had 135 of the children who live in the vicinity of his villa into his house for a Christmas party. General Clark spent the rest of the evening at his house. * * * * �VIENNA--DECEivIBER 25, 1945--General Clark spent the morning at his villa with Lt. Clark. At 1600 in the afternoon General Clark entertained 300 members of his headquarters , Austrian Government, War Correspondents and friends at an Egg Nog Party at his vi ll&. The last guests left at 2000. At 2100 the General , with General Saltzman, Captain Luther, Lt. Clark, Lt. Traugott, Lt . Gruenther and Lt. Broughton had Christmas Dinner at his villa. He retired shortly thereafter . The following message was received from the Chief of Staff, War Department, Washington, D. C. Reference No. WAR 90032: "State Department advises that United States government approves recognition of new Austrian govt . It is suggested that you consult other representatives of Allied Council to seek simultaneous announcement of recognition. 11 The following is General Clark's Christmas message to the Austrian people: nThis year Christmas brings new joy and hope to the people of Austri_a as they observe the birth of the Christ Child . "Liberated from the yoke of Hitl erism, free once again to practice the religion of their choice, and regaining many of the bl essings they formerly enjoyed , Austrians will have a Christmas enriched over the previous war-torn years . The Allied Forces are helping Austria obtain these blessings, and shall continue to do so until the country is fully re-established as a free and independent nation. u·wn.ile much of the festive spirit of the holidays may be l acking this season as an after math of the war, you may find a great measure of comfort and joy in the lmowledge that the promise of peace and good will to all mankind has been fulfil l ed . "As Commanding General of the United States Troops in Austria, I wish you, on behalf of my forces, a blessed and Merry Christmas, as well as a Happy New Year. 11 CHRISTMAS MESSAGE TO UNITED STATES FORCES, AUSTRIA 0n this first peace-time Christmas Day in four long years, we can once again be thankful and merry. The victory is won; the peace restored throughout the world. No longer do our l oved ones hold that fear which they held for our safety while the battle r aged . Today they await our homecoming. 11 nThey realize, however, that we are presently in Austria to secure the peace to future generations , to the lasting benefit of our America and of all nations . They lmow, as we do, that we cannot leave our tasks here until we complete our individual contributions to the success of that high mission . �') Today as you and I recall the Christmas Days of of those which we shall again know in the years to come, measure of comfort and joy in the knowledge th~t we have this year that first Christmas promise of peace and good 11 noo. the past and dream we find a great helped fulfill will to all man- · "With humble gratitude for your continuing efforts here, and with full confidence in our determination to advance the cause of liberty and peace, I, as your commander, offer you my thanks and my sincere wishes for a happy holiday season. I trust that next Christmas will find many of us united once more with our families at home. . "A Merry Christmas to each and every one of you, and a Happy, Successful New Year." * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 26, 1945--General Clark remained at his villa until 1000 hours, at which time he walked to his headquarters. After seeing General Brann, and General Tate for short conferences, he spoke to Mr. Erhardt and after taking care of accumulated correspondence, he left his headquarters for his villa. Lt. Clark accompanied him. The General spent the remainder of the afternoon and evening at his villa. * * * * VIEN.NA--DECEMBER 27, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 1000 hours. He immediately saw General Tate, who was followed by General Sullivan. After a second conference with General Tate, the General left his headquarters for his villa, walking with Lt. Clark. In the eveni ng the General had guests in, to play poker. * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 28, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 0930 hours. Immediatel~ he conferred with General Tate and then had a long conference with General S'al tzman. After seeing General Tate a second time, he conferred with Mr. Gray. The General took care of al l accumulated business and left shortly after ward to have lunch at his villa. He spent the remainder of the day at his residence, taking a long walk in the afternoon. * * * �VIENNA-DECEi\IBER 29, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 1030 hours . At 1045 hours he conferred with Mr. Mosley of the British Government, Mr. Erhardt and Mr . Thompson of the American Embassy at London. At 1145 hours General Clark was interviewed by Joseph Israel and Seymour Friedin, war correspondents . General Haynes introduced his cousin, Colonel Benford, at 1212 hours and immediately afterward Mr . Erhardt and General T~te talked with General Clark. At 1300 hours General Clakk received a call from General Collins, Commander of the 42nd Divisioh, who announced the sad news that General Donald W. Brann, Deputy Commanding General, had fallen while on a hunting trip and had been killed. This was a sudden and sad blow to General Clark and the entire headquarters . The General immediately conferred with General Tate and General McMahon on the course to be followed and at 1400 left his headquarters for his villa. During the afternoon he talked with General Saltzman and General McMahon, also General Tate, on the plans for General Brann 1 s funeral . At 1700 General Saltzman and Captain Luther left Vienna to go to Salzburg to bring back General Brann•s body. General Clark remained at his villa the remainder of the night . General Clark sent the following message to General Eisenhower. Reference No . I ''Supplementary details accident are that hunting party consisted of Generals Brann and Burress with local guides and ass istant guides , all equipped for hunting in .Austrian Tyrolean mountains near Kitzbuhel. During morning 29 December they moved up precipitious mountain on good path to hunt chamois . General Brann with guide took highest position in hunting station. Below him and out of sight at another station was ~eneral Burress and guide . According to reports of guides with General Brann he fired from sitting position at chamois located to his front and below his location. He then rose to fire from standing position when he slipped and fell forward down the cliff s i de . Time accident estimated at 1130 hours . Location of fall not readily accessible to guides so rescue party with doctor was organized and reached his location some time later . Doctor promounced him dead and indications were that he died instantaneously from the fall . HFuneral will be at Vienna at 1000 hours, 31 December with interment at Castlefiorentino Military Cemetery in Italy on January 2, 1946 . 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 30, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He conferred with General Tate and General McMahon on the arrangements for receiving General B·rann' s body that evening, and for the arrangements to be made for the trip to Italy where General Brann will be buried. The General left his office at 1200 hours and spent the afternoon at his villa . At 1700 he went to the 110th Gen. Hospital, where he met the entourage which was bringing General Brann's body back to Vienna. He witnessed the placing of the casket in the chapel of the hospital and immediately thereafter returned to his villa . It was indeed a sad blow to General Clark, for he not only lost a fellow officer, but a sincere friend of long standing. * * * * �VIENNA--DECEMBER 31, 1945--General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He immediately saw General Tate, who brought him up-to-date on the final arr angements for the ceremonies for General Brann. At 0910 hours he saw General Collins, and Gen. Burress, who had been with General Brann when he was kil l ed. General Macon, Commander of the 83d Division and General Montahue, Artillery Commander, 83d Division., saw General Clark at 0915, along with Colonel Marvin, and Colonel Ladue, personal representatives of General Truscott. At 0940, General Zhe1tov, Soviet Deputy Commander came to General Clark to pay his and Marshal Koniev•s condolences. At 1000 hours General Cl ark went to the chapel in the Allianz Building where the funeral services for General Brann were to be held. General Clark, Wir. Erhardt, General Tate, General Saltzman, General Sullivan and General Lewis acted as honorary pall-bearers. After a very short and simple ceremony, Gener al Brann' s body was pl.aced upon a half-track at the head of the funeral procession which was escorted by members of the Military Police Battalion, while the honor guard of the 42d Division presented arms. The funeral procession pulled out at 1015 hours for the Meidling station, where the train departed for Italy at 1130 hours. General Clark's train bearing the body of Maj. Gen. Donald W. Brann left Vienna for F'lorence, Italy, at 1130 hours. Among the passengers were Brig . Generals Moran, Lewis, Sullivan and Saltzman; Colonels Lazar, Porter and Paxson_; Lt. Col. McGrory, Capt. Jordan and Lt. Traugott. The casket bearing the remains was placed in the officers lounge and was surrounded by wreaths which had been sent by the Al lied Commanders and the vari ous USFA Divisions and Sections. * * * FLOPENCE, ITALY--JANUARY 1, 1946-•.Arriving in Florence at 1700 hours the train was met by Lt. Col. Dresser. General Clark and some of the officers proceeded to the Excelsior. Hotel while the rest remained abroad for final arrangements for the burial. That night everyone ate dinner at the Excelsior Hotel with the exception of Gen. Clark and General Sal tzman who dined out with some friends. * FLOI-iENCE, ITALY--JJ.NUARY 2, 1946--At 1030 hours General Clark arrived at the cemetery near Castel Fiorentino, for the burial services of Maj. Gen. Brann. Among those present besides the General and his officers .we~e Lt. Gen. Sir John Harding and Brig. Gen. O:xx. The services began at the graveside with the sermon delivered by Chaplain (Col.) Brown, at the conclusion of which the American flag was taken from the casket and given to Lt. Col. McCrory, sonin-}aw, of Major Gen. Brann. The firing party consisting of eight men from the 202 MP Bn, fired three volleys, followed by the sounding of taps which concl uded the services. Before leaving the cemetefy- the General exchanged a few words with General Harding and General Chae who had arrived just after the services had begun, and visited the grave of Lt. Col. John T. Walker. After lunch the General went to the china factory to see the dishes �which are being made for theGeneral . Back in Florence l ater that afternoon the General took a walk and in the evening called on Mr. Berenson , . The Gener al had dinner with friends in Florence . * * * * FLORENCE, ITALY--J.ANUARY 3, 19/4h--At 2345 hours the General's train left Florence for Vienna and was en route during the day. The train arrived at Meidl ing Station at 0330 on January 4 . * * * * VIENNA-- JANUARY 4, 1946-- The passengers detrained at 0730 after breakfast on the train. General Clark went immediately to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day . He took care of accumuJ.ated correspondence during the morning and had lunch with Lt . Clark and General Tate . General Tate f'r apent the larger part of the afternoon conferring with General Clark an~ t:"f~ f later the General went for a walk. In the evening Mr. and Mrs . Denby--"W'ere! J)•l ' guests for dinner . Later in the evening General Clark learned that the ~l .tiussian authorities had recognized the new Austrian Government and that Marshal Koniev had sent written and verQal messages to Mr . Figl, Chancellor of Austria , upon this subject. This caused great concern to -General Clark and General Tate because of the previous agreement by the Four Powers to make a Four Power announcement of the recognition of the Austrian Government. Lt . Col . Kretzman, the General ' s interpreter, was sent to talk with Mr . Figl on this subject and both General Cherriere and General Packard were consulted by telephone . * * * * VIENN A--JANUARY 5, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours. He immediately conferred with General McMahon and then with General Tate upon subjects to be taken up at the Executive Committee meeting to be held later in the day . Col . McCaffrey was cal led in on the conference. Later General Clark conferred with Mr . Gray who is in charge of the Political Division in Mr . Erhardt 1 s absence . The General discussed the recognition of the new government with Mr. Gray and during the discussion Col . Kretzman came with a message from i1r . Figl concerning the recognition . Later Mr. Gray, Major Betz and Col . Pesek discussed the publicity angle and the sending of mes ages to the War. Department on the same subject . After conferring with General McMahon, General Clark saw Mr . Fodor and Mr. MacCormac, war correspondents. General Moran saw the General at 1240 concerning his departure for the States, and at 1300 hours General Clark saw General McMahon again. The General left his office at 1300 and spent the remainder of the day at his home . ( �General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference No. P-0271: "Reference my P-0234 and P-9244 have secured agreement t hat four occupying powers and Austrian Government will announce simultaneously recognition of new Austrian Government at 1200 hours Vienna time Monday January 7th. I will make announcement to United States press here accordingly and assume that release will be made at same time in United States." * * * * VIENNA--JAl.~UARY 6, 1946--GeneraJ Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and conferred with Lt. Col. De Wald on the annovncement of the returning of the crovm jewels to the Austrian people. This announcement will be made in the General's speech at the ceremony at the founding of the Austro-American Society at 1100. General Clark conferred with Lt. Col. Kretaman on the subject to be discussed in his speech and at 1055 dep~rted with General Tate and General McMahon for the Music Hall where the ceremony was to be held. The General was met by a commi ttee and escorted to the reception room where he met Dr. Kauders, President of the Austro•American Society. Dr. Kauders escorted the Generail to his box at which time the concert began. After the Mozart Symphony, Dr. Kauders gave a fifteen minute address and was followed by General Cl ark who gave a ten-minute speech. The reception of the speech by the Austrian audience was tremendous. The announcement of the return of the crown jewels to the Austrian people was accepted with tremendous ovatioD• Genera l Clark l eft the concert immediately after this speech, returning to his villa where he had lunch with General Tate and General McMahon. At 1730 General Cl ark went to a cocktail party given by Mr. and Mrs. Denby. Leaving the Denby 1 s the General returned to his residence, accompanaed by Gener al Saltzman and later had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Denby, Mr. Ware Adams, General Saltzman, Miss /ensen and Lt. Col. Kretzman. * * * * VIENNA--J.ANUARY 7, 1946--General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0945 after having walked from his villa. He immedi ately conferred with General McMahon, Chief of Staff, and later saw General Tate. At 1030 General Cl ark conferred with the committee which had been appointed to investigate the conditions surrounding the bringng of families overseas. The committee consisted of General Ladue, Colonel Martin, Col. Lazar, Col. DJOrsa and General McMahon sitting in on the conference. After t he conference General McMahon and General Tate remained and at 1100 hours General McMahon brought Col. Pesek into see General Clark concerning the arr angements for a party to be held on the 20th. At 11:15 General Clark conferred again with General Tate, and after taking care of al l accumulated correspondence, left with General Sullivan and General Saltzman with whom he had lunch. General Cl ark walked to his vill a where he stayed the rest of the day. In the evening General Cl.ark invited General McChrysta.l, meneral Lewis, General Saltzman, Colonel D'Orsa, and Colonel Lazar for dinner and poker. * * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, October 31, 1945 - January 7, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from October 31, 1945 - January 7, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1671 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/b5a05a992cfe8065be850f7778499679.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=AgPgGNvtmXsXg4wt4YzB1yLkPo5CPzL%7EY0Gq7bErFjWegAYWOrX4vURtEOA8BEjGVZ9qKje7irL0zsDBBhXgfPefGSyjvQkVlma4rhxmZePNj99X9YQ6EXk5W4pacDHF%7EFPx1TJpP0ChSSZENKgk1efC1Miz95Fzhuk4wTDH63azXvUK2T-2LUOczdPc7k0zmkkJh6zgPgU-LC-vof0cD5nkJbw9tKYDaDzJ6JuzsBMbPsFuK3lc8nRjoZttT0iOXfp3g7A4LAJnzpPOSZsCqNMBdv%7EB-by5S%7ERyOw3OEWqY3yQ8p-%7E2JZYmUkcCOHeiDs5oOZjL4RhQANDcrv%7E-JQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2a4d49da7651f5cb457a0cb5cb59c005 PDF Text Text ( recovered , intact . General Clark , l ooking like a half-dro¼ned water spaniel , l oses his trousers , shoes and othe r gear that had been either tied or placed loose in the bottom on the Falbot . The group dragg its boats and gear back into a clump of trees . A conference follows and it is decided that any further attempts to get the boats through the sur f tonight wi ll be useless and dangerous . General Clark goes back up the hill to the house to find dry clothes . Unabl e to fin d a towel with with to dry himself , he gropes in a closet and comes up with a fine French linen general an 11extra 11 table cloth . It makes a f ine towe l! CoJ.tneJ. Holmes offers'the pair of pants . They are General Lemnitzer ' s , the ones he lost in the police raid scramble t Holmes explains he "j ust picked them up somewhere ." General Clark finally gets into dry make-s hift clothes . Down on the beach , everything has been dragged back in the bushes and the r emainder of the group is huddled in hiding , waiting . The P- 219 , which has been previously signalled to come in as close to shor e as possible , is within a mil e of the beach . With the special light , Lieutenant Jewell is instructed to put to sea again until the surf quiets or until it is apparent Genera l Clark 's group wil l have to wait another day . The French civilians aiding the American in getting away are now frantic . They are scared since capture unr-er the circumstances would mean their liv es . They urge the Clark party to leave . In the meantime , the French police return to.the mysterious chateau . General Clark is there alone . Rather than retire again to the stuffy wine cellar , he gets out of a windo\~, jumps over a wall and sprints for the beach , in his stocking feet l The sprint is through the woods, over rocky paths and dmm a sandbank . He joins ·the re st of his group and they settle domi to wait and plan . ( ,~ON THE BEACH NEARCHERCHEL , ALGERIA OCTOBER 1942- -General Clark decides , 23, to try and buy a trawler or any kin d of power boat to.get his party to the sub .ine and the marine but all efforts fai l. Someone produces another bottle of ~ tired , tledra ggl ed grou p disposes of it in their little cul-de-sac . At intervals , officers go to the beach to inspect the surf . It seems to be quieting . About 1: 30 AfAeveryone but General Lemnit zer and the three Commandos who , remain to guard the boats and equipment , return to the chateau for food and r est . , the hst possible minute if the Falbots It is decided to wait until about 4 :00 .P..'.'.1 are to reac h the submarine before dawn, before making the final decision on whether to attempt to get away today . While waiting on guard , General Lemnitzer notices ,that the surf is quieting . During the period from 1 : 30 to 4 :00 AM there are , · several false alar~s-there are mysterious Arabs in the vicinity , the police a.Ile returning a~ain . All prove groundless but they are nerve m-acking . At 4 :00 t:.· . Gene al Clark and the rest of the party return to the beach hidea• ·:ay . The situation is surveyed . During his guard period , Gener al Lemnitzer found a spot along the beach where the surf seemed especially placid . It is finally decided to make another embarkation attempt , despite the cost : it seems hopless that the group can launch without losing some personnel ~nd a lot of e~uipment . four Boats successfully However, indications are that the place is exceedingly- "hot " and General Clark and his party , if they remain , may at any moment be seiz~by the police who micht return in greater strength . Al~ equipment that is not absolutely necessary is jettisoned . This inc~udes the tom 11yguns , carbines and radio , The boats must be as light as possible . General Clark and Captain mright are to make the first atte~pt . It is decided that four SE~RE T �( f~!~~ 1 .e ~a--.. ~\·._- lt, ~ffl"D ·\.~ ok/ -. of th e French offic ers a.nd civilians s t ill with the Clark party will~e into the surf and assist in the launching . These Frenchmen are sti ll frantica y tr:rin g to get the Americans away and are willing to make almost any sacrifice After careful preparation and r ehearsal , General Clark and Captain Wright start through the surf . Their Falbot bounces and teeters but soon they are beyond the breakers and headed f or the submarine ,hich , having again been su.~1oned, uas standing by a mile at sea . General.Lemnitzer and Lieutenant Foot make the next attempt . They discard all kit and equipment except the infra-red equipment that is necessary to locate the submarine and LeL'lnitzP. 1 s musette bag which contains all notes on the conference r and the highly-valuable papers turned over by General ;fas t and Col onel Jousse . The J )i-> musette bag is tied to a cross - arm of the Falbot . The sea is a little rougher for f'\~~ the seco nd l aunc hing . After \,aiting fo r severc.l large waves to come in , Lemnitzer t,r, and Foot , assisted by the fou.r frantic Frenchmen , make a dash through the surf . ~ ' t A t r emendous wave hits them ! Over goes the Falbot . The tvo officers , the Falbot , cJ.P their equip:2ent comes tumbling through the surf . Lemnitzer and Foot are half .. " drov:ned because the under:tov: prevents ther1 from get ting on their feet , even ,:hen _,_he water ..:.s shallow enot:gh for the!:1 to stand . When Lemnitzer finally gets on his f eet , the Falbot , carried by a big vmve, hits him in the back , knocking hi;;i do·.m again . Everyone feared the keel of the boat had been broken but exam:i.naticn sho\7S that while damaged , it can still be used ! '1t • The Falb ot is turned over , the water :rjoured out , ,..-hat gear :~s left is r earranged . Lemnitzer and Foot , still coughing ur v,ater and sand , are ready to push out again . Speed is es~ential because of the im~inency of da\m . The second atte~pt goes successfully , although tr.ice the Fal bot nearly capsize s and the boat is onequarter filled with ,1ater and several of her ribs are broken . The tvro of.Licers have difficulty ke~ping the crippled craft headed into the tremendous swells . After paddling for half an hour , unable to see General Clark and Captain 17right w o are so:newhere a.'lead , they try- thP infra - r ed detector and locate the submarine . Back on the beach , Colonel Hol;!les and C&.pt in Criurtney and Colonel HaJllblen a and Captain Livingstone make precarious surf launchings but their t10 Falbots come ric..ing through. None of the eight men is dry \',hen he boards the submarine . The a l l-important l!!Usette bag carri ed by General Lemnitzer is soggy and in bad shape . An envelope containing gol d pieces has broken open and apLarently many coins vere lost when the Falbot capsized . "oot of the n··.m have cu.ts and bruises and their clothes are torn and soaked . The Falbot .of Colonel 1folmes and Ca tain Courtney j ams -~~ against the submarine , has its back broken , jacknifes and sinks . Colonel Holmes musette bag , containing all his clothes , gold and personal equirment goes to the bottom . Three of the four boats , all except the one hancled by General Clark and Captain 17r ight , capsized·while going through the surf . The eight men go into the innards of the submarine to dr~- off and get r.arm . A bottle of r "J.D. broken out and disapr,ears in no time flat . Tn a few mooents the is Klaxon sounds for diving and at 6 : 00 A· the P-219 submerges , goes dovm to 90 feet and proceeds at 3 1/2 knots for Gibraltar . General Clark and nis rarty soon fall a!l eep . They awake at 2 : 30 PI1. The air is hot and ext r emely bad . The entire landing group has severe headaches ; They are a sorry - lookin g lot--lon g V'hiskers , hungry , bleary-eyed and mo than a little re banged up . Equipment brouGht aboard the submarine is r e-check ed and it is di ecovered that a letter that '..iurphy had given to Bones to take to Gibraltar for mailing was lost ,;hen the Falbot broke up . These boats have a small air chamber at each end and there is a possibility the boat--and the letter--will be picked up on the beach. A ter d~~at: • f the advisability ott;~ti. ._....._'°""~ __ .· t) . '!Ii!!!...-, • . l �)\?t ( :~\fJ\~~t::,ir ,,1·•,,i''l'> t of breaking radio silenc e , General Clark orders that the subm arin e surface iately (about 5 :00 Pf!) and send the fol l o-r.ringmessage to Gibraltar : i mm ed- 11Im,itediate •o FOCNAS (Flag Officer Com;anding North Atlantic Station) . 0 eration completed . Amreturning throu gh position A 2330 A/23 position B 2~00 A/24 arriving Gibraltar 0830 A/25 . Request you have planes r eacly for eccrly departur weather permitting . Request you notify 111lc Gowan (code for Murphy) that letters he handed Julius (Holmes) were lost when his canoe broke up . They \,ere in weighted musette bag which may have fallen out . Canoe m~y have floated inshore . Search of beach should co!!llnence im.'!lediately . 11 Having dis~atched these two messages , the submarine again submerges to 90 feet and proceeds on its electric motors . General Clark plays bridge with Holmes, Wright and Lemnitzer . Later , the following message is received from FOCNAS : 11Your 1417 and your 1420 acknowledged . Destroyer from 11U11 patrol will rendezvous "ith you in 115 degrees EUROPA at 0645 A/25 and escort you into harbor . 16 Aircro.ft for onward journey arranged 1740 A/23. 11 The P-219 surfaces at 6 :45 ?11 and everyone feels better . out . General Clark and his officers go on deck and spend over sea water and shaking sand out of their clothes . Returning to officers sort out their wet equipment and clothes and lay out dry . * Clothes are dried two hours squeezing the wardroom , the the secret papers to * ENROUTE GIBRALTAR SUBTi!P.RINE. FLYINGBOAT OCTOBER , 1942--.After TO BY AND , 24 discussing and preparing a rough draft of a cablegram informing London and~ ashing-ton of the success of his mission, General Clark turns in , sleeping until 9:00 AJ. After break.fast and a couple of rubbers of bridge , General Clark goes up into the conning tower , finds the sea fairly smmoth and decides to cable Gibraltar asking f or a flying boat to sreed the return tri • Cables General Clark : "Consider weather conditions ideal for transfer to Sunderland . Request you have Sunderland rendezvous soon as practicable . My position course and speed 1100 36° 4 1 N of 41 1'\"l 254° 11 knots . 11 General Clark goes back to the diversion of bridge until Gibraltar informs the submarine that a Catalina Flying Boat ~•ill rendezvous v,ith the submarine . The party begins packing . ~ .~ost of the clothing has been hanging in the engine room to dry . The plane is sighted at 2 :45 PM and the Falbots and baggage are moved on.deck . The three Commandooffices are remaining aboard the submarine . Generals Clark and Lemnitzer , Colonels Hamblen and Holmes and Captain Wright say goodbye and move across the gap of water to the big plane . As they board the Catalina , the entire crew of the submarine is on deck and they give General Clark and his four staff officers a 11Hip-Hip-Hooray 11 as the Catalina takes off for Gibraltar at 3 : 15 Pi!. The British submarine crev1, particularly Lieutenant Jewell , were magnificent throughout the long and hazardpus trip . Gibraltar is sighted at 4 :40. The Catalina lands in the harbor and General Clark and his party go ashore in an R. A.F. launch . Cars take the group to Government House for tea . General !.1acFar lane is told of the m ission I s details and the followin ; cable is sent to London: �S5 ( r "FoLowing f or Com;nanding Gener al mropean Theate r of O erations Lendon, 1S f r o11CLARK or EISENHO','SR. eyes onl y . BEG-IESPending more c omplete details to be f f urnished on our arrival following is brie f summary of events to date . Due to not having heard f rom i;c Gowan as to exact time of meeting ,:e stood off rendezvous point 36 hours submere;ed ,,aiting signal to land . Definite contact finally established ahd with favorable weather vre l anded i n four canvas canoes about midnight 21722nd . Conference General '.la.st r e1i e~ent i ng Gener&l Giraud and f ive staff of.:('icers r com ·enced 0700 "hours on 22>nd Discussions considered satisfactory . and followed generc:1.l lines anticipated by you . Giradd being contacted today by ':fast . Definite decision by Giraud expe cted by Tuesday . .Anticipate it wi.1. be fav or able . I base ... this on thei r f avor able rAaction to the st r ength of the fo r ces U .s . could ::,ut into su ch an operatio n . All questions settled satis f a cto r ily exeert time of assumption of supreme cmmnand by Fren ch . Uy vien on this submi tted to Giraud through ,last or fiis conside r ation with def inite unde r standing that my proposal had yet to b~ con irmed by you . Extremely valuable inte l ligen ce data obtained and will be vr epar ed upon my re tu r n f or i -'!l:lediate r adio transm i ssion to Co"X1anders concerned . From discussion and informat i on r eceived our plan for oper ations a1~ears to be sound . The nec essity our being prepared to occupy Tunisia prompt l y with ai r bor ne units abundantly confirmed . Thether Gir aud assumes l eadership in Nor th Afr i ca or not anti cipate the bulk. of Fr ench a r my and air fo rc es wil l offer li tt l e r esistan ce . During conver sation with Mast I pr omised del i very of two t housa nd small arms with ammu nition by sub marine to v i cini ty of our land in g at earli est pr act ic able date . Al so promised sub ma ine which Fr ench insist must be Ame ican to br ing Gir aud from Fran ce to North r r Africa . Naval info r mation indicates initial r esistance by French Navy and coast defc,nses 'rhic>: wil.L fall off r a.1idly as our f orc es l and . Detailed conferences continued throughout day until 1900 hours vrhen inte r vention by local police r:ho ha.d become suspicious of inc r eased activity in r endezvous area brought confe r ence to abrupt conclusion . Fr ogs f l e~ in all di r ections and our party hid in empty R~F~AT empty v,ine cellar in house whi l e ar gument wit h police ensued . After t, o hours during lull i n conversations with poli c e we made our vray to woods near beach v:here v•e awaited favorable surf conditions to per mit r e- er.ibarkation . First effo r t to r eemb k resulted ar in capsizine; and damage to one boat . Further effo r t futile in vieu of high waves . i-:-er emained in hid in g unt i l 0430 on 23r d when another attempt was made. All boa t s r eached submar ine after two had capsized at bea ch and one vras br oken w e boarding submar ine . Ran submer ged during day l ight QOUXS of 23r d exce~t fo r hil br i ef sur f acing t o s end message to Gibr a l ta r . With ideal conditions £or trans f er to fly i ng boat avai l able mo ning 24th G;i.bralt ar was r equested to disp ot ch Catalina"Lto r rendezvous wi th us at sea to expedite r eturn . TTill advise time and pl a ce of arrival in P,K. ENDS" . General Clark and h i s f our of fi c ers get their fir st bath in a wee1 . (This doesn ' t c ount unwanted dunks in the :ledi te rr anean l ) Later , furthe r conf erences are he l d with Gener a l ·~acFarlane ; Vic e Admi al Si r Edttard Co:lins , co~~anding the r No th Atlant i c and the man v,ho made the P- 219 available , and other British officers . r Thi s is f ollowed by a dinner at whi ch General r.:acFarlane is host . This breaks up at . 8: 58 P'1 so the gr oup can lis t en to the 9 o ' cl ock news . General Alexander is atta cking in the Middl e East a ccor ding to plan l Anothe r of the first active phases of TOR has s t ar ted ., Duri ng l ater dis cussion , General Clark is told of an attempt CH the I t alians have made to bomb Gibralta r. Thr ee pl anes made the attack but had to dr op a l l the ir bombs i n Spain or in the wate r . The s.anish are very angry . One Italian plane was br ought dovm by a.ck- a.ck. Remembering his promise to General ' last , Gori-eral Clark has a conference with a Br itish naval office r v·ho has been .s"lu6 lin~ guns into Africa and France . Arrangements are made for the snv to furnish 2000 weapons to mast from Gibr altar stocks . General Lemnitzer collects 16 , 500 Algerian EC �5c, f r anc s fro?l .c1embers of the Cla r k party to cove!' gun delivery expenses . Cl arke inst r ucted to pr oceed with his smug ling , dealing directly , i th ·;r . ·rurphy . is Gen,:,ral Ia.cf arlane then offe r s to show- G<me:a l Clark and his J:.iarty 11'fhe Rock 11 r so , at 10 : 0J F: the group sta r ts out in two cars . Tt is an impressive and th r illing drive up the narrovi , b,isting r oad to the 1 , 200 foot top . General ·.1ac r lt..n, , Fa dise;usted with the timidity of his dr ive r , takes the wheel himself and it is a wild ride . :3ecause of a dmaged br idge , the pa r tJ finishes t'ie cl i mb on f oot . General iacFar 1ane takes a nasty fall but by l u ck is unin j ur~ · • Fr o'TI 11T1:J.e Rock 11 Gener al 11 11 Clark goes di r ectly to the ai r por t . The 11Red G eulin r a nd the Boomer ang II " are waitinc; , Ba [:;gage is stowed aboa r d the two f lying fo r tresses and the pa r ty takes off at 15 minut es afte r midnight . ➔:- TO 10',TDON FLYI1G FOPTR'.'"8, OCTOBER , 1942 -- The fir.;t BY 25 tr.o hours of the f light ar e pl ea s ant . The of~i cers lounge around ~1:J.erever c onvenien t and doze . Bad ·,reathe r c o11es two hours out of Gibra l ta r. I ce beg in s f or:..1ing on the wings and Lieutenan t Col onel Ti bbits beg in s cli 1cb nG so the 11Red Gremli n 11 can avoid it . i The ai r i s very r ough and ext r e.".!ely c ol d . Generc:.l Cl ark , Col onel Hamblen and Colone l Grun the r (pic ked up in Gib r al t ar ) huddle togethe r , shar i ng the war mth of each other ' s bodies , The temperature i s be l ow O degrees centigrade . The 11Boomerang IP' is having the s a,ne dif f ic u lt y- - f l ying at l .L 000 feet with ze r o visibi.Lity , . The Ent;lish c oast i s sighted at 6 : 30 A· . 'f'he ,eathe r gets v;armer and the air smoother . General Clark ' s plane gets l ost and does not arrive at Poleb r ook ,mtil 8 : 52 Al . The second plane , coming straight to the fiel ' , lands at 8 : 26 ;" . Ther e is a.nxiet.r ,·:hi l e General Cl·crk I s pla::1e is charted . Sou1,· m it gets over th e English chan nel and finall.,r come into Polebrook from the Northuest instead of the South . Afte r breakfast at the Poleb r ook Officers ' clab , GP-nera.l Clark d8parts in his car f or London at 10 : 50 Af1 During the long r ide back , he dozes . . Irrued i ate l y upon his r eturn , C'ene,,.al Cla r k calJ.s General Eisenho-r :er , then 1 s hideout drives out . to the Co.~ and er-in-Chief for a t v.·o and a half hour conference dur ini:; , hich he details his trip . One of the greatest di f f.:.cultie-s in dealing with General ~1ast ;as Gener al Cla.rk I s inst r u ctio n s that hE: was to indicate only what the TJnited States crpJJ) do , not ,··hat it was GOINGto do . 'l'his had to be kei:,t upper most in mind at all times and it 7ade the General ' s ta~k complicated and extre mely difficu l t at times . For instance , v:hen General ·'ast asked that certain thj ng s be done v;hen the Ameri.can army cc 10 in , C'enera l Clark had to b0 adroit in his ans wers and .nake no unf'lt.lfillable pro!!lise;:; since s·c;.ch chang, ::,, at such a late datc--i",ith some uni ts already at SPa , ,. ere i :i ,ossible . '"h8t Ge1rral 'c.st la::.d down th e I'r 1.ch plans for occupyim ; Frenc11 Africa , General Clark had to b e car ef ul that h E ;a.v" no indication that, the . S . alrec.dJ had. def:.nl te plans . He was abl e , ho, .ever , to shov; hov. v;hat he had to '"'r :, F'"'/"\P"'P-Dplans differed fro:n thos e of th e Fr ench . The parallel in the rr. S . anr' FrE'nch plans was astonishin~ . '71.en General .~ast pointed out General Ciraud 1 s plan of establish i ng a bridgehead in southern Fronce so the Fr ench could resist German moves into ~noc cupied France , General Clark had to move with great care . '-Iow could he make any pr omises v,hen the North African operation-the movement of cowat troops to the ar ea--z;as al r c&.rl~ laun ched . r ./l..fter conferring with General Eisenhov;er , General House office so he can talk to Prime ~'inister Churchill l!r . Churchil~ is extremely pleased . He invites Genera ceneral , exh<uste·~ , has to refuse in favor of slee.l:' . -;~ VV\/ * Clark r eturns to his Norfolk over the scraT'lbler tele hone . ~ l a.rt qin ner but the ,., �51 ( LONDONOCTOB~R , 1942- - "The Great .American Eagle 11 (Prime Minister Church', 26 ill 1s nickname f or General Clark) has just r eturned from a very important and highly su ccess f ul mission , sars General Eisenhovrer , opening the regular Comr:iander i n- Chie f I s meeti ng . "He' s going to tell us abcu.t it . n Thus , General Clark takes over the meeting today and spends the next ha lf hour outlining in detail hi s discussions in Algie r s with General l.Iast and his staf f . He leaves out al l the t r avel details and the humo ous anecdotes , confining r himse lf ent ir ely to the serious details . Ever y man around the big conference table l istens intently . Air Ma sha ll V,"elsh and Gener al Doolittle r beam v,hen General Clar k te l ls of having details of the di sposition and strength of the French Air For ce , the condition of airfields and the disposition of gasoline . Admiral Cunnineham is highly pleased that the general has r eturned with detailed plans on how the French navy intends to block the habbo r s ; this will greatly facilitate prevention of this by the special harbor task forces . General Clark goes thoroughly into all phases of his mission . Even General Anderson bea!:ls v1hen he hears of the plan to land parat r oops at Bone to facilitate Creneral Anderson I s d;rive to the east . Yihen the general has f inished his out l ine , there are no questions and General Eisen hower br eaks up the meeting . Afterwa r d , the office r s crowd around to get details concer ning how the t ri p was made. Few of fi cer s knew the nature or the destination of Gener a l Cl ar k 1 s t r ip . I t was a cl osely guarded secret . General Clark plunges immediately into conferences concerning an attack at Bone . He calls in Generals Gale and Gruenthe r and Colonel Stirling . They begin discussing the possibility of altering plans of the F.,astern A sau~t Force so it can l and at least part of its strength at Bone . The initial Bone landing probably will be f rom the air , by paratroops . General Clark explains that 11certain key Frenchmen in North Africa -- !.1ast and possibly General Giraud -- \'1ill have to be taken into our confidence by D-4 so they may have time to issue necessary insturctions to their commands. 11 The Deputy Com,~ander in - Chief next takes up with General Gale the proposal that French forces in Unoccu ied France be su vlied so they can resist the German move into that area- - a move that 1ast says Giraud believes is inevitable when the North African theater opens . Giraud wants to hold a bridgehead in Southern France through which the United Nations wi ll supply the French atriots . Gale believes the question of su lJlying these f or ces is one of pr iorities , ra+.her than alternate plans . Obviously , shipring diverted to Southe r n France would delay the buildup of TORCH r oops and supplies in No th Africa . t r 0 General Clark recom.nends that a French section be set up in Allied Force headquarters to foster development of French military poTier in North Africa . qe suc:ests that the officer to head this section Ltlght be found among Frenchmen now serving in the British army . The Deputy Co:n;iander instructs Gale that , in view of his pro,nises to General Mast , 500 tons of shmpping space per convoy is to be reserved to carry goods required by t'1e French civil population in North Africa after K~m3. f Only one of General Clark 1 s man? conferences today docs not concern developments resulting from his North African coup . Lieutenant General ·;!organ , com ander ,:2 of the British 1st Corps and the man who is heading the nev,ly-cr eated ~1ortheri1 Task Force ( which is to be ready to invade Spanish \orocco if necessary) , c01,1es in to discuss his problems . B:e _;_spreparing his forces , wl-iich will include the Royal ',iarines , as fast as pos ;;ible . Like the Center Task Torgan is having Stu �53 tank troubles . The l&rge Churchil s are noi., suitr.ble for th<; Lwa.sio!l task . or _;an says he can-"· mdertake his task Hithout tanks but beli"'V"'S the at;! acking force "probabl.1 .ould lose face i!l the eyes of the Sp~inards " if they do not have ar~aored eq_uip!nent . General Cle.rk tel -s ·;organ tha.t General , :ast Luor rn .1i u the.t ed three French native :i.:.visions are dispersed along the so u thr>r:c. Spanis' 'forocco border anrl if the '.Jort:".lern Task Froce s·1ould have to attack Tangiers , both French and America11 forces v,ould assist him by b.dva:1.cing fro·n the south anc: ea,t . LONDO~:rOCTOBER27 , 1942 -- B oth General ''tar shall and Lieutenant , hower are reco1~ nending G<?neral Cl~rlc for the Distinguished SPrvice Horth African 'nission t G-enera.l Cl_r\:: 1 s .four staf~ ofL icers are also put Q. for decqrations . The success of the highly hazardous mission hi~h i-:raise fro-n botr1 London u._1c',..,ashington , C-eneral i;_;i enr :edal for his go ·n_; t.o , e has brouuht i:1ord is received latb toda;y that General Giraud , on the basis of , ord brought to hi:11 by a special courier , is eager to go to ~Torth Africa an~ dL,cuss the French.American colJ.aboration furt11er . Fe ap_rov~s , tentatively , the principles a.1:;Teed to by Generals Clark and '.last , but is ar:aiti!lg ,rrlt+en com1unication from ·;r . 'iv.r~~hy and General :.;ast before civing his whole-hearted apJoval. ( Captain ·-right is returning to Gibraltar to take cor:rn,.nd of the P-219 and proceed to a rendezvous in Southern France to pick ·_lp General Girl..Lld and. take hir~ to 1forth Africa . The entire sche.ne is v,orking beautift~lly . '"'r'L;;ht ,vill a,:;-ait f1..,rther inst.,..uctions fron ·urph.; before taking the I:ritidt subr.1~;.ri:1e o;;..t of "ibr a.ltar . The ,.,ossible chan ge in plans for th . use of p~.r&troo1:s--as e a result of General Cle.rk 1 s confe nee v,ith G~ne:;.·al :ast and the possibility of in _1 ding c...n air assault o!l Bone--occasions a large confere!lce in C-eneral Cl~rlc 1 s office . ~ttendin~ are -~lr Vice 'Iarshal Sanders , Gene:ra.L GrQenther , Doolit-"le anr" :::..emnitze'"', Colonels Bentley and Raft and .1ajor Yarborough . " General 1a: t , 11 sa:·s Gem,ral CL,.rk , 11ho.s assured us th1t para.troops will not be re:...isted at the Oran ancl Bo:i.e airports . The ~urpose of this meetbg is to discuss means of getting paratroops into Bone as soon as possible . Obviously , we must have al tern"'.ti ve pJ.ans ; one to be used in case of unexpected resistance , and one in the ,,vent of free entrance . The first has been pre~x,.red in detail ; the second will be . re ared at once . 11 It i decided that if the loaded air transports can be lundec at La Senia air.[)ort , noar,Orwi , without resistance , they fill be refu,7ldd and rea ·y ~o proceed so they arrive at Bone early on r :.:lu one . The paratroops wil.1. not jump ·.t Bone unless conditions make it necessary . The pur ~ ;ose is to conserve the parachute battalion for a jillllp to seize the air~ort near ~unis . The ~roblem of anti-aircraft defense at "qone &nd an aviation gasoline su_p,ly cu.us e s concArn , Later , General ;_ Anc1erson , v,'10 wiL. i1ave the responsibility of airborne 01Jerations e1:i.st of Algiers, is called in . He thi::ucs that by D plus one he might be able to provide the transports with some fighter escort . L'lder on is concerned about both the anti - aircraft and petrol s 1ortage at Bone . ne expects to get 1-Jetrol into the ;.:..rea by :'.:1Jlus five. Automatic anti-aircraft weapons could be trans::-orted to Bone by s.ir • .Air ·:arshal ,·;elsi1 and General Anderson both urge that 10 of the air trans.90rts allotec to the 12th Air force be used for this purpose . Ge~eral Clark objects to reducing the size of the l:?th ' s tra•1sports and reco111aends that this A*A e,.;'1ipP1ent be flm-rr1 .:.n by British bo,:ibers . :··elsh prmises to make an effort i:i. that direction . SECRE T �:¥-~ 59 fil!Bn And rson feels that with French' cooperation it will. be unnecessary for him to rush British paratroops into the Bone area. He prefers to have the British jill!lpers make a single move from Algiers directly to the airdrome at Bizerte . ije thinks this strategy can be pulled on D plus 5 . He plans , at the same time , to have the re-fueldd r;. S. transports drop the U. S. paratroo s over the Tunis airdrome . All the planes woul d then return to Al eie r s , possibly to fly up ai r borne infantry . General Clark ' s plan of long - ago -- having paratroop and airborne un!h "leapfrog " ts toward Tunis - - appears to now be wor king out . Seizure of Tunis is one of the key aims of TOR and each day it looks more feasible . CH 0 ( ~ General Clark lunches today with Prime 'Unister ChurchiL at Number 10 Down ing St r eet , the "G eat American Eagle II giv i ng :. r Churchill a complete report on r T. the Nor th African mission . Churchill listens av i dly and cl u cks his approva l. The dro.matic nature of the m ssion apl-'eals to the Prime 'Ainister I s imagination . The i report over the scrambler telephone on Sunday night j ust served to \Zhet :i'!r Church . ill ' s appetite •. He compliments the Deputy Com.1a.nde in - Chreef on the way in which ·he carried out his mission . ( A gene ·al discussion of TOR ai r problems is held in General CL .rk I s office . CH The confe r ees are Air Ma shal ¥.'elsh , Gener~ls Smith , Doolittle , Lemnitzer , Gruenther r and Cr a i g and Vice Air i'l1arshal Sanders . Doolittle is concerned about the slo" rate in which he claims Sp~tfi r es are being made r eady at Gibraltar . Welsh and Sanders say pr ogr ess is being made on s chedule . Doolittle is concerned about the lack of tie for testing the air f raft and installing armament following their erection . Doolittle argues for stronger air sup~ort at Casablanca but Genera~ Cl&-k tel1.s hi m that the North African conversations "r esu l ted more than ever in a t r end toward st r ength to the east and our plans must per mit us to shift the weight of our air forces in that direction very early if we are to be welcomed by the French . In order to furnish air sup}.Jot fo r the Northern Task Fcrce , General Doo~ittle plans r on forming a small self - sustaining air force composed of one bomber squadron , one fighter squadron and two transpo r t squadrons . They will be based at Port Lyautey so they will have ready access to General ;'/lorganI s fo r ce to the north . The French plans and intelligence reports that General Clark obtained in Alger ia have been translated and are being distributed to the proper sections . The c ompleteness of them , and thei r terrif i c value to TORCH operations , are astound ing . The value of General Clark ' s t ri p c oul d never be estimated . Even if things . went wrong , TORCH in a vastly impr oved c onditions because of the intel l igence is brought back . General Clark has instructed General Gale to expedite action on General Mast ' s request that we su:-ply French troops in Southern Fran ce . The pr oblem of colored troops in England is growing . Difficulties have been present since their arrival i n the United Kingdom last sum~er . General Doolittle reports "growing lack of dis cipline among colored service units . " He cites a case of aggr avated assault on a white office :r by a colored soldier . General Clark tells ( Doolittle that the Eu:o npean Theater of Operatio ns "will back up the actions of w ~, r Courts ~fartial , even to the extent of ap1,,roving the death sentence in such cases . 11 It is regretab l e that army offi cials , preparing for a great of fensive , should have t o concern themselves , and aevote precious time , to the col or ed problem . General ~• ) c. Clark believes that an equal per c entage of color troops should go overseas . 1~ J1 C ( After disposiu.g of a number of smaller matters - including the ~uestion of auxiliary U. S. troops to augment the Royal r.!arine division and establislunent of an 8 .0. E. mission in Nor th Africa-General Clark goes to dinner with Mrs . Roos evelt . The president I s wife _ /s currently visiti~g England . '1. >,... # ~ECRET- �LONDON, OCTOBW,R 28, 1942--The British submarine, under com'"'land of Ca tain right of the U.S. 1lavy, left Gibraltar at 8:00 P;.: last night for the Gulf of Lyon where it will ick up General Giraud, the French general who is the key man in French collaboration in TORCH. Giraud wil_ be taken to North Africa to be oriented on plans and so.he can issue instructions paving the way for American entry. The following cable is received early today from General Marshall: TIT"e are fol�owing with great interest and considerable sus ense the negotiations going on with respect to Kingpin (Giraud) and Flag ole (Mast). If the results vre hope for are attained it will make an interesting page in hL, tory. I am in com- lete accord with your (Eisenhover 1 s) views as to decorating for Clart and his arty. Give him my thanks for his courageous and able erformance of a hazardous task. 11 Final re arations for TORC are being buttoned u fast now. Generals Clark and Eisenhower and 52 other officers will leave for Gibr �ltar ..londay evening to set up the AL..ie d Force Headquarters from which TORCH wil..1. be directed in its early hases. The final Com.antler-in-Chief's meeting is held this morning. To conclude it, General Eisenhmrnr declares: "This is our final meeting. All of us will be away from here by early next week. Admiral Cunningham has already gone to take naval command. I hope that our next meeting is held in Algiers-and soon! I am ho ef'ul that Allied Force Head­ .__1uarters will be out of Gibraltar by D lus two or D lus three. Later, we ho e to make French North Africa our springboard for carrying on o erations elsewhere. The French, if they go along with us, are going to be the bosses in North Africa while we go to fight else"\',here. 11 1 can't possibly express to you my gratitude for the fine work all of you have done. I ap reicate it more than I can say. Fro.n the ver start I have been aware of a great and fine devotion from all of you, The work you have done has been highly successful. Given a fair break on submarine activity and the weather, TORCH is in-a success. This success wil� be due to this grou and I am grateful to each and every one of you, 1 1 One of the most int�resting developments at the final TORCH conference is a re ort from Admiral Ramsay on submarine charting. He declares thats otting shows that IC.ml, already well at sea, might run across a submarine 11 but, otherwise, everything in normal." The convoys are all rocveding according to schedule. They and the naval units are a �,roaching the Straits of Gibraltar at varying s eeds so they will arrive more or less simultaneously at the Struits. Each convoy is getting complete re orts on Axis submarine locations and activities. General Ei.enho 'er tells the conferenee that "there is every indication that Genere1.l Giraud intends to go along with us, 11 Hast, Giraud and other trusted French officials will be told on November 4 that TORCH is about ready to start. This wil� give them the necessary four days to ave the 'l'iay for the entrance c-,f American troops. Giraud is sticking to his re�uest for a Southern France bridgehead and the Prime Minister believes everyting possible should be done to get sup lies to the French in Unoccupied France. As a matter of military economy, says General Eisenhower, 11 we must give people in a osition to fight something to fight with. 11 He declares that fighting in Southern France "must be a develo ment, rather than an added feature, of TORC'R". 11 The drive must be to the east and where possible the effort will dovetail with French plans. To expedite invasion of Tunisia, lans • e Sousse area, which are being promulgated to land a small force from · 1 �( can be successful.~y held by a small gro'.1p. General Anderson asks what the French consider as the best possible time an Allied arm.r could get into Tunis . General Clark declares that the French pointed out to him nthe great necessity of getting in fast - -before the Boche . " He says the French hope is to have Allied troops in by D plus 2 or D plus 3 . Certain civil patriots , out - numbered by people favo r ing the Axis , wil~ have to hide in the hil~s until the Allied troops arrive . Help from Malta plus the actic ,n of British and American paratroops might speed the date , says General Cl~rk. General Anderson replies that he 11can 1 t get anything into Bone from the SC?auntil D plus 5. 11 General Clark terminates the discussion by declaring : "The Fr0nch want speed all the v.ay through . 11 A humorous u-able , resulting from General Clark I s r>forth African trip , arrives · from Murphy. It says : "Inform X (General Clark) that police incident at end of meeting proves to have been in..ocuous a ccording to investigation but our friends (the French confe r ees) regret exeeedingly that end of party ' s stay was so uncomfortable , Inf'orm X that he has not lost his pants nor his co~t mut he will find them here clean and pressed on his return . " Al.L arrangements for the North African expedition have be at Gibraltar , the remainder outlines the entire set-up to ( 30- odd war correspondents-., o are to acconpany the been completed . Four of these corres_ ondents v,ill with the task fnrces . •~ jor Phi lips , the PRO , General Clark . It has now been decided to send a message to Admiral Godfroy, co~,andin~ the Frenc~ squadron ~t Al~xandria , on D-day informing him of the landing and pointing out to him that there are no designs on French territory. Godfroy is believed to be friendly to the Allied cause . Tv•o messages probably wil: be delivered to the French Admir<-1.l one by a Britis'i naval official , &nd the other by an American state department officer . The problem of obtaining equipment for the French comes up again . It is r,eneral c1~.rk 1 s belief that both the Br~tis,., and ':.S . govern::ients sho'"ld both quickly determine what they can furnis 1 in the v:ay of military sup: lies and stirping a.nd how soon it can be maae available . 11Tt is obvious , 11 says the De: utJ Commander- in-Chief , 11that eqr.ipment and shipping set u1J for T0RCH!Ill1st not be diverted . Vnether or not equipment obtained for the Fr-=-nch is . to be put into Southern France or North Africa is a mat~ er for coTir.,anddecision at the time • 11 General Clark ::ia.1--,,,s one oint clec:.r constantly in hfa discussions . v;ith officers "It ar,1-ears to ;ne, 11 h"' says , "that it is ver,: important that re r1o not let the possibility of French non-resistance r,eaken our lans for active combat in the theater in case things do not go in the ,1ay we hope for 111 These are other problPms that cone up during the day : (1) The paratroo carrier force must know by 5 : 00 P!~ on liovember 7 v,hether or not the C-4 7s are to take off for Oran. The ships must be off by th&.t time in ordio,.. to reach their objective by H-hou.r (1 :00 A~!{)) . General Clc.rk is setting u~ 11a definite signal" for this vital information . A premature takeoff of the parm.troors wouJc1be disastrous since they c.:..nnot be r.:;ca.l.led because of hPavy lea.ding . (2) The ~rorthern Task Force is having tank and shipr,ing troubles. Gener&.l Clark orders the use of lighter ValentinG knks instead of Chu.rchil2.s . c__ rtain taken fro::! the shipSEtiR E t : �;w ; 1 -,,g 1Jj]JJ_ff ( Russian convoys so loadlng can star_t . t hips returning fro:n "ort: Africa nill t~en take the place of the vessels remov8d from the Russian convoys . (5) C'ene~al Pn<:terson is concerned over a letter declaring we might be able to su;. l~ the. ~.e.1.ta r force h,,r. air by D plus 5 . General Clark :r;hones General I::::~!ay and asks him. to , of our capability of suppl;r the .ia~ta force. by air , c.nd 11lee.ve out any reference stress the ne9d for this force to be accompanied by the m~.ir:ru.:n P?ssibl~ nu ..1ber of days of su~ply . (4) .Anderson is also alarmed .about a cut rn the K..!F5an~ X.'!1"4,, convoys proposed bJ the Br:L tish Director of ..1ovements. General Clark ana he a~ree that they ,,ill fight any r eductions . n In the c;venin:-;, Gener~l Clark attends the first shov. since ~is arri':"al in al!'!ost four 1:'lonths ago . ri th three friends he ~e~s ~ musica:, revi~ '\'-,.. ttThe Dancing Years . tt The general gets increasingly o timistic as D aay a:r:,1,roachP.., • He' s in fine spirits , des1~it,e terrific responsibilities anc long ho;irs of work . England -x- -!!- LONDONOCTOBER , 1942- -General Clark has an audience tod~y with Xing , 29 George VI. General Eisenlio- er and he go to Buc}·in:;hao Palace together at 11 : 50 A'I . The invitation v:aG issued by the King wl10 wanted to say goodbye to the two tor-ranking A..1erican generals before their departure for ?orth Africa , via Gibr altar , ( The generals are ushered into the huge brornstone palace , only four blocks from Norfolk House , and taken to the office of the king ' s secretary . "hen introduced to 'Genertl Clark , the mo.ndeclare: "I know all abo· t you . You' re the one that took that fabulous trip . Didn 1 t you get stranded on the beach r,ithout your pants? n Generals Clark and Eisenhor-er are conducted dov:n a lon g, cold hall. The palace , probably for fuel con.,ervation reasons , was chilly except in the section that was apparently the king ' s portion . The generals are ushe red into a huge room. All the chandeliers and pictures have been removed but it is still an attractive , well - furnished room . A small fire is burning in a fireplace . King George , i.n unifo r m v,ith the insignia of a field marshal on his shoulders--a wreath and a crown--shakes hands with the two Americans and invites them to sit down. King George immediately goes into a discussion of TOP.CHHe is th oroughly . familiar with the pending operation . The king told General Clark he had heard "all about your trip to Africa and I thorough.q enjoyed the statement in your cable that you had been for eed to hide in an "empty REPEATempty wine celJ.ar , tt He compliments General Clark on tta task well done , tt The discussion , which lasts 40 minutes , then turns to General Giraud and Admiral Darl an . The king declares emphatically that 11no one trusts Darlan . tt He then recounts meeting Darlan at a luncheon a few years ago and how his greatest remembrance was 11Dar lan 1 s shifty eyes . 11 Plans for the generals ' departure and for development of the North African theater are then discussed , King George appears to have a complete grasp of the military picture . Aptarently he is briefed often on developments . He expresses concern over the Axis submarine concentrations in the TORCH area . He wantsrto know what troops are participating and what American units will remain in England to assist in defPnse of the British Isles , The 40 minute talk is almost entirely military . �General Clark is surprised by the king's appearance. He had always imagin�d him as a nan of at least average heigh't. Instead, the king is of small stature. He carries hi"lself , ell and has a pleawing personality. The kin,; at one or two points had some difficulty s eaking. He has a habit of holding his hand over his mouth a great deal of the time. Only o ce or twice does he stutter. This comes when the king is excited or showing emotion. It strikes hi� as he bids the two American �enerals farevell. He falters as he says: "Goodbye and God speed. n A cablegram from General Eisenho ·er to General ,.�arshall concerning command of the 5th Arny, scheduled to be set u in North Africa, is dis atched to Tiashing­ ton today. ffif initial stages of o eration proceed as favorably as no� seems possible, it may become quickly necessary to establish a direct coordinating agency for all American forces involved, n the cablegral!l says. 11 1 am planning, in these circumstances, to use General Clark for the purpose and have already selec­ ted, from officers now available to me, key members of an army staff. In antic­ ipation of this development, it will be necessary for the army headquarters now being organiz ed in the United States to sail at a moment's notice at any time after November 15. I request that all preparations be perfected so that if it becomes deeirabi-e- to ship this headquarters on an early convoy in 1.ieu of some other unit of similar size, this can be done uic kly ••• , 11 General Clark sends the following coll)..-"'lendations today to the four staff officers who accom anied him on the North Africa.n tri: (General Lemnitzer, Colonels Holmes an Hamblen and Captain mright) "l. I desire to take this oprortunity to commend you for the manner in which you carried out your im ortant art in our recent mission to Jorth Africa. Vlhen you volunte red for this assignment I was particularly leased, since your intimate knowledge of the details of the o eration made it highly desirable that you should be present and participate in the conference ith the French re resen­ tatives. n2. Under the adverse and sometimes hazardous conditions that we encountered, your efficiency and hieh morale--although no more than I would have ex ected under the circumstances--made your assistance and presence invaluable to me. "5. In recognition of your able and courageous conduct I have recommended to the Com�ander-in-Chief that you be awarded an a �ropriate decoration. This re­ commendation has been ap roved by him and has been transmitted to the War Depart­ ment. I am happy to inform you that General Marshall in a radio to the Com,nander­ in-Chief, dated October 28, says: "I am in complete accordance with your views c1.s to decorating Clark and his party." He also sent his thanks v.hich I now transmit to you, for without your fine assistance our mission could not have been com­ pleted.11 The general also sends letters to Sir Dudley Pound, first Sea Lord, praising the uork of the crew of the P-219 and particularly Lieutenant .Je\'l·ell, and to Lord Louis Mountbatten, thanking him for the s lendid service of the three Com­ mandos. Although preparations for TORCH are com lete and the amount of work has slacked off pending tleparture of Generals Clark and Eisenhower, the Deputy Commander-in-Chief has several important conferences during the day. Commodore Douglass-Pennant reports on the location and submarines in relation numb!E'C, · �~fCRE J .... to the TORCH convoys . KME' has now passed the danger area where a sub was lurking -1 yeste r day . The Aquitania , car rying troops , is straggling but is in no dange r . Two · cargo vesse l s in anothe r convoy have had to turn back because of shifting loads . The weather has been extreBely rough but the Admiralty is satisfied with the way the convoys are moving . The greatest fear , and there is a slight ,novement indicating such , is that the Axis is going to concentrate submarines in the Western ;iiediterranean ~ Brigadier Mockler-Ferryman is called in to give Gener al Clark an estimate of the Axis ' ability to move t r oops into Tunisia . Before launching of the British Eight Army' s offensive , now underway in Egypt , it was esti ated that 2, 000 airborne t r oops per day , up to between 15 , 000 and 20 , 000 , could be transfe r red to Tunisia . Recent heavy l osses to Axis shipping in the li',astern Mediterranean , " says the British Intelligence officer , have led to greater dependence being placed upon obtaining supplies by ~i r transport . This had reduced the number of air carriers . So f ar as is known there are no German ai r bor ne troops in Sicily at present . Receatly about 8, 000 airbo r ne troops , bel i eved Italian , arrived in Tripoli . They are , repo r tedly , without heavy equipment . Mockler - Ferryman tel-s General Clark he believes th~t if we are su ccessful in putting our aibo nne forces on the Bize r te and Tunis aird r omes early in the operation , the Axis will attempt to invade this ar ea vii th their airborne troops . ( General Anderson ' s alarm over the propose d cut in KM5and KM4l oads is into next by General Clark . Colonel Hamblen reports this has resulted from optimistic estimates as to the number of vehicles that could be accomodated ships . A letter · is sent to General Ismay asking that "ever:- effort be made the British to provide additional vessels . " gone overlyon the by A broadcas t scheduled to be made over B.B. C. on October 51 by Admiral Stark is causing concern . It makes favorable references to the de Gaullists and r,1r. Matthews reports this probably will not b~ well received in the TORCH area . Conversely , ~.:at thews feels sudden cancellation of thA speech might jeopardize security . General Clark informs :Jatthews he will take the matter up immediately and that the broadcast can either be cancelled or modified . i,leans to take care of this will be found . * LONDONOCTOB~R , 1942-The inevitable , 50 lull has arrived , All of theD-day , convoys--personnel and supply - -are ~ell at sea . Al~ naval groups and escorts are underway . Most of the officers in Norfolk House have departed . The only business that can be conducted now concerns future operations , General Clark is in his office throughout the morning but during the afternoon , tired of peripatetically pacing his office and filled with nervous energy , takes a drive . The report on activities of Axis submarines is still good . None of the convoys has been attacked yet . Final arrangements are made for departure of Generals Eisenhower and Clark and their staffs . A special train will leave London at 7 : 50 P.~ Sonday for Bournemouth where the group will go by car to the airport from which they will depart , sometime early Tuesday , for Gibraltar . General Clark ' s only important conference of the day is with General Smith , his chief of staff . He orients Smith concerning arrangements made with regard to make-up of the Royal 'farine Divisi ij r~~ will be a major part of the Northern ~tfifir .f �~1¥,;:-u Task Force . Gener al Clark points out that the United States me rely agreed to r einforce the Royal Ma nes with additional ri combat tnits such as tanks and artiller y . Throueh some error , the Bri tish had figure·d on the "J. S. providing service or maintenance units . The question of a staff for the Fifth American army is also taken up . Genera l Clark tells Smith that the slate of key per sonnel should be published soon and commanding -officers c oncerned informed so they can be prepared for the withdrawal of certain personnel fr om their comma ds . General C~ark tells General n Smith that he would l ike to have Colonel Bowmanas his Army Engin eer . The skeleton of the army staff has already been agreed upon . * * LOHDONOCTOBER , 1942--J.rrangements have been made to transport , 51 antiaircraft wea~ons to Algie rs to strengthen this type of protection there . P.fter days of conferences and searchil'.lg by both British and American units , Air . 1arshal Welsh rerorts to General Clerk that the wee.pons can be taken in by British bombers . Thus , another , and j ust about the fina~ organizaticnal problem of TORCH is disposed of. The A- A carriers will r eturn to Gibraltar without refuelini:; . V'elsh is leaving for Gibraltar tomorrov . General Clark praises him for his arduo s wo rk. From Gibraltar , the Air }.1arshal will move to Algiers TTi Genera l th Anderson . Br itish aircfaft v;ill be available for this move. General Clark tells ~elsh that if the operaticn goes as planned , the two American B-1 7s and Welsh 1 s British plane can leave Gibr altar, via Oran for Algierr under fiehter escort . mels h reports that 154 Spitfires arrived safely at Gibr altar yeste-rd1.y . He brings the general a heartening r eport : The Br~tish Secr etary of State reports that "Ger man authorities arparently do not yet knm7 of our movements or intentions . 11 1 The problem of what to do with th e carrier transports iL case the aratroops are unable to take off from England because of bad weather enroute or a.t C n is ra taken up by General Clark v~ith Generals Doolittle and Craig , If the paratroops departure is delayed' after D plus 3 , departure airdromes will be ov ,rloaded , General Clark orders that the transports be r0turned to their home stations in event they cannot move out by n0on of D ;lus 3 . ·Such action ~1ill entail only a 24-hour delay in the subsequent movement of the pa·achute force to the theater. 0 The desirability of complimentary action by the 8th (European Theater) and the 12th (African Theater) Air Forces is brought up . Operations of the 8th will be facilitated if it is possible for squadrons to move to airdromes in TORCH theater when condition are un:ii'avorable for their r eturn to the tr , K. Thus , the 8th could strike at Europe from African bases during the English winter , noted for its poor f lying weathe r . A great deal of General Clark 1 s time , during this 11th hour waiting period , is devoted to planning for the Northern Task Force that General Mo rgan is heading . General Morgan 1 s directive from the British Viar Office contemplates employment of his force in Spanish Moocco only . General Clark says the staff is considering r possible use of the Northern Task Force in other areas , for example , Sicily , in case there is no Spanish intervention . Morgan says he is "eage r to get . into the s '10w in any locality . 11 He wants the Wa Office to broaden his directive . General r Clar k promises to look into the matter . �The Northern Ta.,k Force is goine to have difficulty gettin; into the theater at an early date . The earliest possible date of S a..11.ish forocco attack has been estimated at D plus 45 . The c.vailability of shipping is causine the bottleneck . Pri e Minister Churc:iilJ ii:: um:illinG i"o have vesseJ.s set up for Russian convo.y PQ-19 tmloaded in order that they may be ready for use by General Eorga11.1 s force . Llthough General Clc::rk has argued 11~·, should nu.ke evAry effort to set the date forward rather than accept a delay , 11 i t ct.PJ.,ears that , because of circumstt..nces sur r ounding shippin 6 , that the rort\wrn Task Force my not be r eady to sail from the United Kin~dom 1 1".l.til about n plus It ~:ill use :::hips that have already ""!ade one trip to the North African th o.t'x . ·or,~an is a .. are of the n. Gd for early action . The crm: is that vre must have r"asonabl~ control of th" Stri..its of ~ibra~tar as soon as possible . "3 . General 11orean asks General Clark if there ,1il I be any rE'stricticns by his head,::;uar ters in the use of 12t.L Air Forc e elem"',nts assigned to his co!'!I.ID.and . General Clark assures him that such forces -will have no strings attc.ched to then . C)teps are nov. being taken to !lrovide ·.1organ with an air staff and a political section . ·,.s. Need f or astro - navigato r s for the 64th Tr oop Carrier gr oup is brought to the gf.meral 1 s attention by Air VicP - 'arshal Sanr'ers enc' General Craig . The Air 1inistry is unable to furnish 25 navigato r s with the :r;-oc;_uestod qua_i f icc:tions . T .ese !'!!en i ... navi 6 o.te the gro11p tr.ns.1 orting Britis.c .1.. to the theater . 1 arc:.troops Tl:e Brit i sh have 25 "dea.c' r e ckoning " navigato r s . General Cl2,rk sets out im: ediate ... y to solve the i:iroble:: an, 1 fin0.:s the prop r n .vi;ator , get in~ the fro the 8th Air Force . General _,.arc'! connanding the 1st Arnored Division , r ,., orts to r:eneral Clt.rk. , _ The division , Jess detachments enroute -to 'orth /1.frica fo r the TO?C..f attack , i;:, nou in the Liverpool area . V:ard rer.orts the t tro of the remaining tank battalions are equi ... ed itith H-4 tanks; 11 the third -. .i.th :- 3s . '.1.he division is no-; cettine 1•)5-:n;n l! . f" . a1i-:u.nition v:hi ch will great y increase eff~ct iveness of the field artillery as anti - tan.."!{ r.eapons "l'ihen the outfit moves into action . 1n the evening , General Clark goes to Genera l Eisnnho r ' s outside-London retraat. There the tvio gene r als r ela."'{ and discuss the long-rilanned and nm7 in .inAnt operation . * LON'!)')H 1-JOV:C:ffi"t"2 1942 -- A disturbing , 1, cable arri ves this evening from ;r , '1urphy in :forth Africa . Gene:..·1:t.l · f.±:u:aud wiL .. not be a.bl e to leave Frr:..nce until Novenber 20 . reneral ·ast asks postponenent of TORCi-fl General Clark dashes to Worfo l k Bouse from his fl:?..t and r eads "The ::::isenho,rer-Kin~pin (Giraud) messenger returned last reporti11£; . thi:..t is is utterly i1possible for Kincpin to depart at earliest . Flac;pole ( 'ast} ::;up. orts tl-iis vie,1 , "I have ha.d severo.l hours heated discussion ':1ith Flapole ar:i. convinced we sh0uld yield on date . 11I a,~ telecrs.])hin~ the President reco.!l 1endation as I am vlithout favorable French High Com.T.c..nJ iL .. be a catac;trophe . , unpleas~11t as .:. n:..y be involvinr; t t ec.micc.l ni~ht until this nessage : from :½rseil.Les Uovember 20th at en:l. of 1::hich convinc'"d 'T'he '-elaJ 1 T that "'ORCH of t· ..o weeks _1! i.snorant �! i ECR tT _, 1 i..., insi~nlficant com_. >c..red with result involving serious o) •.o::;ition of Fr.,.,nch c.rillJ ..t r{o J to our l:1-1ding . . . t . ' .m 11 Flagr.·ole points out thr.t no •v.:1-rning of our im 1.1nen a tt ac k v.a~ 6 1 ven n ... b vr t~ ~•!,1 /. 0 that at least thre'"' or Clark at conference on October 22nd whichled him to believe four 1,:e •ks 'C{as available . 11')ur •. re..;ent ro~JO::::ition he sug::,ests anmmts to an ultimatu= of hostile action . ~·e 1:mst eive Kin; . ·-Ln a reasonc.ble time to prapo.:•e not mere.Ly his d.e. a.rture but Fr~nch resistance .:..:1 ··orthern France to designa.te his ref,lace ae~1t which un doubtedly will be nelat+age dP Ta:c.' igny c.nd arrange numerous .letails. These simr,l;y cannot be acco::.1 .)li::::hed in fcur d&:·s . 11 Cingrin does not sb.a!'e opinion tho.t :.xis intervention is :?renc·1 rorth iur:i.cQ ii: :.'!l!"'•:_nfmt Be b~lieves . des;ral·le operatio:1 .::or ..s is c. co':',btnecl -uropcan and African operation in f ,il.::. cooperation betv:een An"}ric&n an' Frenc:h fore 3G but he ic · il ... 0 to yield if ·ve fo.,~"'t on Africa!l operati":i in r.01 , -:;ranted he :.s eiven a reasonabls time to m~k h.:..s r-re ar~tions . 11 1 sugr;est ~-our ~1ost serious ccns::.d.,ra"-ion of this question as it seems to me that :..,, you are to accept Kingpin as a partner he i. entitle1 to three 1.eeks 1 notice ." 0 General CL.rk is furi"' s . He thinks th t ',urphy is knuckl.i.:ng dovm. to Fr":1c 11 prsss:rre . He .,aces his office and dictates this cable draft to a stenogra . ber : 11It s inconcc.:.vable tha'.; Tur.,hJ• could possibly recou.ond such a delo..,r •,vith 11 inti::iat.e knov:leclge of the oper-tion ~.., end t:10 • resent locatio::-1 of troo.:s ::.nd c )nvr,y:::; d'lo .t . · It is like ise inc "ncciva.ble ··o Ir.e that o-..rr ..ier"' fc.ilur~ tv c .. :1cedec to such der.1&.:1ds have bet.::1 ·:1u,:e 1uld result o.S i:i h_"L1~ t:10 French :orth Africc:.n Arv ne""t us uit'.1 ::;,,,ri01..1so. positin:.1 , Si1ch opr os.Ltion for the reu on stated ,muld -a'lount to &. c' uble - cross by ..:ast . 1 Cc!Il'lO~Jelie-re t'lat he v ould ie3I"ade himself to this e::-:t _ . '"l.eco-:1"1end .t :rov (Ce.1er J. ~rsh2.l) advise lur.hy h.:..s s:1;:; ested actinn is entirely out of the i;ue..,t.ion and impracticable; that we will rroceed to exec 1 1te this o.1eration more deter'ali."1ed than ev _r to blazt O'lr vmy c.s'i.ore . rL3 :nould be directed to tell '.ast. tl-iat we are cor:1in,t; as r,l· nn~d; tlw.t al nell and th'3 Horth J..frican Army cun 1 t sto . us and if he uses the inf or ,2.tion already fv.rnished hi n on tne o. erat.i.on c1,S to ti'!le of its e::-:ecut ~on to our disadvant&.:::;e, either by r..Jgroupint:': J.iis troo~-s to more effectively stop us; by disse;ninatir.,; the confidentia.'.. information !lur,r:>hyhas intru~rt.ed to him; or other,ise betra:ring our ca1.c..,e · e 1 11 ht.ns him hie;her than a. kite , he!l ·1e r;et c.shorc . 11 P..fter the "'eneral 1 s draft :i.s gone oyer , the follo\1ine is s1mt to -as' L'1gtrin: 11Tt is inconceivable that ··cGrman (":-:rph_·) can r~cor.:1:.1 s·,,;.ch a delay \"ith Nl his inti "late 1mr- ledP'e of the oper::tion a..'1d the 1,Tesent location of troops cdcl 1 convo:·s aflo&t . It is lik"l,1ise incor.ceivable to :ne thct ot.r uLre :'ailure ~0 crncecie to sucll d2·:1a..ridsas h:ive be n ma•2e w01:.ld result in hav in.; the French rorth P.frican army .neet us v;i th :::er lous op 1 osi tion . neco"IL1end the President ad,1ise "cr-o, t:.!l i'!lW'!diatCJly that his sug1:.,stnc'l actinn ·s utterly i 1possible in vim. of pre.::ent adv~nced state of o~,e 'a.tion , &.ml tl:"'t r:e .:il proceed to ex8cute thi.s operation with ,!lo~·e determi.'lati ~n tha.1 ever . ·:_ sr.ould also be directed ,10t to divul:;:e on Novr 1ber 4th the exact date of the operation unle'1G co:nplete coo •.1ero.tion by Fl~.[;.JOl"' :.s a. ·ured . Subm:.i.rine r!ill re iain available for the r:resent . (rr 1e sub com ·a..'1dcd bJ Capto.in \"ri_;ht that is l:,in 6 off the Sulf of Lyons) v il not ~fy 1crrov:an ,~·he.:i it becones necessary to i7lthdrav.r . 11 0 This new development is handled by Gener~l Clark alone since Gener::;,l ~isenhm1er c n .ot be locate • It ,.:.1 not change any o::the pbns . But it naturally nilL bring a lot of a_ .::,,rehension . �:SECRET . I' ' ( ; ,I. General Clark hol ds a fi nal conference toda y with most of the section heads with whom he has been \ror ki ng so closely for the past several we .ks . The high-ranking officers sit around the Deputy Commander' s desk in a seni-circle . Present are : Generals Cruenther , Craig , Lemnitze r and Gale ; Bri gadiers '1ockl er Ferryman , i1c ;lillan and i'!hite l ey ; Colonels Vandenbur g , Holmes, Sti rl ing and Hamblen, Commodore Douglass - Pennant and ~. Matthews . Ir. 1 Vle ar e approaching the end of our harmonious collabor ation ," says Genera l Clark . 11At noon tomorrow I am l eaving Norfol k House . It has been a pr ivilege and a pleasurP to work with all of you . I brought you in today to giv e you a last m inut e survey of developments (th e conf er ence occured hours befor e the :.-'lurphy cable) so you wil l kno~ the status of things . Tomorrow I will be in c onference most of t he aft ernoon with the Prime Einist er . This probably will be my last meeting with all of you . As you know t he last part of TORCH planning ha.s been lar gely politi cal : att empts to pave the way for our Nor th Afri can landing and an attempt to get General Giraud out of France . 11 "All the data on these political developments had been sent to Generals Ryder and Fr ende ndall so that they can r evise , a s practica ble , plans f or their l andings at O n and Algiers . I know they are going to want to go in with guns ra firing . l.e IIIUS impress on them the political t deve lop ments that have occured since their departure . " l General Cl ark turns to Douglass-Penr1ant and t elJ_s him : 11I want to board the sh i ps that Generals Ryder and Fredendall ar e on when these vessels go through the St r aits . Is it possible? 11 Douglass - Pennant says it v.ill be diffi cult but he thinks it can be arranged through Admiral C unningham . General Cl ark says it is imperative that the two Task Forc e generals have the l atest background . Information has been r ecei v ed that Gener al Nogues , governo r gene r a l of French Ho rocco , a1parently isn 't going to take a stand r egarding American collaboration. The De,01ty Com. .:ander discusses this and is told that it will be possible to go to Fez, ar rest Nogues and put a sympathetic office r in his place , just before H hour . Departure of GPneral Giraud from France has bePn held up 48 hours because of r epor ts of a Br itish fleet in the .Iedite rranean. Druglass - Pennant say the :w is only one large Briti sh ship in the r egion . Aprarently , it htcs been mistaken for a fleet ! General Clark repor ts to his group that the weather in the TORCH region has been tmusually bad during the pa st few days but that the storm front is moving east . "Tfaybe after this sto r m we will get a good br eak in the weathe r, " says the general . He reports that 18 more transport planes have been promised from the TJ.S. and that the ai r transrort i-, obl em is looking mo e optimistic . He te l ls the r r officers that the Germans in Afric a ap_arently are attempting to locate the short wave radio through which ·ruri:hy is coITL:runicating Vii Gibre,ltar cc.nd for that th , reason , 1iurphy will remain silent for the next two days except in ca ... of emergency . e ( One of the toughest problems facin g Allied Forc e headquarters is to meet the r equest to supply arms through the Southern France bridgehea d General Giraud plans on having when the Germans sweep into Unoccupied France . Because of lo gis tical prob lems , it will be impossible to suJply this materiel . There i~ unsuffi cient time and General Clark says nothing can be done abOL1t gett in g this equipment in at the present time. After the No th African situation r @i!. arifies , General Clark believes certain artillery and am:rrunition can be ship 1 e,= fro m Nort~: Afri ca to Southern France. The French are to be told that it is impossible to send the supplies into Southern France for at lea r t ETwecl<s . tw~stdf �ECR EI~ One clcvelopm,nt has occured in :forth Africa since renere.l Cl· rk I s secret rendezvous the. t ha proven the faith of General •· st and his staf~ . The French _,eneral I s air officer has be n made commandant &t faison Blanche ·.:..irr,ort . That is where the paratroops are to land ann the air officer is the one· o proaised h , ould switci1 on the airport light::: at the r•roper tim n it., my o n h~.nd . " 0 Gener· 1 1·ast has sent , thro12g:1 1•- .r 1 !:_:•i."lstr1~ctioni: on hm P .ne sho,,ld be , at ... acb:d. 'T'he landi!-i_; assa lt should be- ..1a~-- against a ,oint le:; <~lomP.t?rs northwest of ?0:10 . >-ie str sses that the rort of Pone must be tb.k~n fro th<> rear. r: neral Cl~_rk asks 7ockler-Fcrr~rman for an e•.al-t;ation of :&st rs r co ~ .1enr:la t.ion a!ld the ::?rj_tish TntelEgence Officer shakes his head and says : "' " 1 ... 1 j ar,t hrve 0 to take the Bone suggestion at its face value . ..a:::t also lnfor .. .., ':.' RC':I LJuders that a Colonel Lorteer has tronised to 1:;ive the PJne:::-ic,.ns na friendj_y rece tion 11 at Sici Firouch . 'w.et implores thc.t if "an e::-:cited lrab II fires d ring the landine thc:.t the Anerico.ns are to ;,e.y no attention . :a..,t also r.::..1<..., that l l.i.ai::on offic r be sent to hi::: 19th army hec.dqua::-...er::: at Algier~ , 0 "Th t r s the dopf' u::.--o d~ te , rr says ,..."'neral C ark . t of -;; u knm-: the curr"'nt statu::: of things . 1 just 11 T.u.nted to let al} Brigadier ~ockle-~-Ferrym&.n then bring~ u~ the subject f a u.111'Il;;rp ruch1.J.,e drop on "'icily . The Bri tich wo.nt to droJ durn ies on ,, ,ninr:.s ~ 11to create &l rm .. unr! possibly br:.n~ part of the It~li .n fleet scurrying to Sici~y , 11 "'his , ill reel ·ire t'1e use of only onv Lib rator :::o the General tells .!oc!:ler-Ferrymu. to inform the Bri tis~. tl1 .... thPy ca!1 • roce d . !mot 1er . est ion th t is broub t U,i-, t .:..s the s1nug.__.Ln::; the promised 2 , 00 ".'lea. ons to :' orth r:.r~ica , Al though General of Cl"l_rk ma-"e arran.c;ement., for t1'1is ~-hp,n he vms in Gibralt r , no v:ord hb.S be n rei:! .:ived concern in; the del.i.ver;r of :.he ,.ea. onr. 1 Co· nodore Do· '"'l ss-Pennant makes a report on subm&rine ac ivi tie • 'I11e situat · on is excellent . 0ne v .r·:r sr.ial.1. convoy · P. ears to be bein 6 shacm,ed '· y a lone sub but the ~... is ap::-arentl:r knm-rn noth!n~ about the other larcer convo.'s. All the convoys are ahead of schedule bec,.use of the northern gale thc.t has driven them fas-Vthc.n planned . The sea has be""n ro"~h and a lot of the troops undoubtedly have 1 een seasick . One convoy--K .PZ--i" 36 hours ahAa cf sc edule and is mastini:- t.i'lle by cr-.dsing in thP- vicinity of the P.zores . rr :Fl is Hastin[ 70 miles . The auxiliary aircraft carrier nasher has lost on° en.0 ;ine e.nd nov· has a top speed of only 13 knots but th.Ls \"ill not inter.f'-rwith its e1'1plo;,-,ent in TORr.1 • ':'.'he bt.t lt>shi, Furious has arrived ::.t Gibr ...lb.r .:ind lc....'1.d"'d s"'veral Ep:..tfir~s . :.dniral C.;nninc: 1 am and his staff are safely into Gibrc.J. tar . mhe I'r ~ tich navy estimutE..s that 2s Ger"'lan sub!:larines ere in the reditern.ne ~1. :s ;i-t , ther_ are no indic::.tion:c. -:.1~t th y are concentrati.'1~ in the ~·e:::tern n' o:: +t ~el. . 1 One hehl'tenin._; r _ "•+--.L:~.d.:..cn.tive of th<> securit-,,r of 70RC;I--:'..::: that c. Fr nch 11stu.ff':d c.Y.1vo;rl:1<..s j":s:. lef+ ,..a::::a'.)l.:.::1.cu Da ar. Tt is for it_1 a .nition . 11 L~rnt no.nt Solon"::. Raft ""nd. ·:::..jor Yarborou__;·- co c L-: for a final di~~u. sion of pc:.ratro,p o,er::.tio~::; . Ra.ft sug.::;est:::: SU';J~S7, Lhi,~ b.; c1~i.1~ 10 tr::.!1 _art, t e h .J-1uc...rt ~~ c.nd one ~0· ,::'2:1~· :1is ba::.talio!1 co';:.l be move.: from Oran to Bone of on D-d,.y . ,.,'1.is force cou:d jlnp if nece::::sary b'.lt .ould ex;'ect to lWl' on :.he Bone ~ir. ort i~1 the tr::..ns_ ort.., . The • l:,nes '\70'lld return im edie • e l;,r to Oran and brin~ u enGi1ecrs .ni infantrr to reli:v-0 the ~aratroor,::: fer oth r missi0n,. 0 Colon3l Gale re orts th&.t the Flyiag Fortresues are set up to ue.art from t'1e Bournemout::i area early Tuesd&.y mor."ling . Fifty-five .,ersons ar schec.uled to fly to the Gibraltar headquarters , Tr.o of the six Fortresses vii l. remain at Gib raltar . .,~ SECRET -- �<r]O- ( LONDON - BOURNEW'UTq , NOVE! 1BER 1942--Gene r als Clark and Eisenhower , preparing 2, to leave for their command post on Gibraltar , pay a final visit today to Prime ',iinister Churchill . Mr. Churcl1ill is ebullient . The drive by Alexander in Egypt , has begun to click and the British forces are advancing and causing Ront'lel, who has returned to the battlefront from Germany, to re - gr~up his forces. Second reason for the Prime 'Hnis t er I s jub lila tion is the movement of convoys . "rfot a single submarine nor any enemy aircraft has been sighted . Ap_arent~y, the Axis knows nothing of the move. The two generals lu.11chwith the Prime Minister at Number 10 Downin& Street and most of the conversati on revolves around TORCH ~Jr. Churchill is briefed on . la.st - minute developments . Be is not particularly perturbed about the Giraud-ffa.st reaction to a landing in the near future . Like General Clark , he believes Giraud is bluffine and that he wil 1 fall in lin e when he sees how r esol~te the Americans are . ately TThenth e two American generals leave the British bids them farewell . His on~y com:'lent concerning "Go <lbye, good luck and God bless Pri!Ile '~iniste r affectionthe imr.'1inent operation is : you ! 11 General Clark remains at his Norfolk House of fice until noon . During the morning he holds a few quick conferences concerning la st-minute cables from Washington . He also goestto Grosvenor Square for an hour 1 s conference with General Eisenhower . Fol~owing the luncheon and conference with the Prime Minister , the Deputy Conrnander- in - Chief returns to his flat , to pack and prepare for departure. At 6P ,!.1 a fe w clos e friends of the Genera l go to Hays '1ews for a fare wel l . drink . After the small cocktail party , the general drives to Addison Road statlon to board the special train that is taking the 54 officers and t ~o enlisted men to Bournemouth where they will be driven to Hurn airdrome , a British station , to take six American Flying Fortresses f or Gibr altar . The train has been pulled into a little-used station and the _ place is well - guarded by British bobbies and British and American military ~-olice . Ea.ch of f icer and man is checked through the grilled gates leading to the trainyard , Then they are esco r ted to the 11- car t ra in . It is a-strange sight . The only lights a.re :flickering coa l- oil lamps ; there is a semifog . The train is comp letely blacked out . Inside most of the officers are sitting in a club car , British and Americans sitting side - by-side along the walls with a long refreshment table running down the middle . The development of f reindships , and resultant close col l abor ation , between the Br itish and American members of the TORCH staff , has been surprisingly fast and pleasing to General Clark . That this close personal collaboration has resulted is shmvn in the mixture of officers along the conference table . ( The train departs from London at 7: 37 P~~ and dinner is served aboard . Just before the departure an important cablegram is received . Giraud , informed that plans can 1 t be postponed until November 20 , has agreed to come out of Unoccupied France 1 He will be picked up by the submarine that has been v,aiting off the Gulf of Lyons so lon g . This means that Giraud might not get into No rth Africa until a few hours before-or possibly after-H-hour . General Clar k is tre~end usly pl eased . At 11: 23 P:,1the special train , going by the code '17rd ALIVE and moving with o only brief and infrequent stops , the train arriv es in Bournemouth . The pass enge rs wil be awakened when it is ti me to drive to the airdrome . ~ SECBE ._.:i1 .. l~~;~~r:1l1~.G :::~~: •;:;lr~'.l~t �( BOURNEMOUTH , NOVEMBER 1942- - Everyone is - LONDON 3, 3:45 AM Breakfast is served aboard t he train at 4 : 15 . period of waiting . The weather at Bournemouth is clear fr om Gibralt ar are tha t the visib il ity there ·is almost about our taking of f today . awakened by batmen at and then begins a long and col d but reports zero . Ther e i s doubt Because the stand i ng tra i n will menace se cur i ty and since Axis raids over the Southern coast are f re quent , the t rai n r obably will be moved elsewhere . At 6 : 45 AM another weather r eport i s received from Gibraltar . A takeoff today , woul d be inadvisable . Then come:; the prob l em of what to do v1i the train and th t he Al l i ed Force headqu ar ters of ficers . The f easibility of tak i ng them to Sali sbury and hav i ng them whil e away their time in the old Castle headquarters of General Clark is considered b~ Genera l s Eisenhower and Clark must be somewhere where they can keep fully info r med on TORCH developments . The train has a scrambler te l ephone that can be pl ugged in anywhere but it is finally decided to return to London, with as many off i cers as poss i ble remaining on the train . A takeoff late tonight or early tomorrow if hoped fo r . At 7: 12 Addison Road pr ime r eason Gibraltar as passing throu at Gibraltar AH the special train starts the return trip to London, arriving at station at 10 : 52 . Disappointment at not getting off is great . The is that time is of the es sence ; the headquarters should get to soon as possible since the first convoy--going to Algiers - -will be 5h the St r aits on the night of November 5-6 . Continued bad weather will bring serious complications . ¥Then the train arrives in London, General Clark proceeds imillediately to his flat . Al~ office r s are requested to remain away from Norfolk House and Grosvenor Square . By mid- afternoon , al~ officers are to phone and find the time the train is scheduled to depart . General Cl ark confers with General Eisenhower at his hotel room. No vital cables have ar r ived , The convoys still apparently are traveling undetected . The British navy is astounded at the success of the convoys r movements . The Axis appears to be in the dark about TORCH With the exception of . the three ships on which the cargo shifted , the convoys have gone forward without a hitch . The weather report in mid-afternoon is more dismal than ever , Takeoff tonight or tomorrow morning is im ossible . General Clark and his officers \7il~ have to wait in London another 24 hours , They are as impatient as fire horses that have heard the bell and can ' t get hitched to the wagon. * * * LONDO:N.,.BOURNEM:OUTH 4, 1942--Unable to stand the inactivity , 11TOVE!:'IBEq after so many hectic weeks and ti r ed of waiting in his flat , the General goes to Norfolk house to ~o through the incoming and outgoing cables and confer with General Smith who is remaining in London to imgrate cables and take care of rear echelon matters . The convoys are still proceeding without incident . Everything , except the weather at Gibraltar , is good . ( In mid-afternoon , a Gibraltar weather report comes in and indications are that the takeoff can be ma.de tomorrmr morning . The special train is to leave Addison Road station at 9 : 00 PM General Clark confers again with General 'Risen. hower . There has been no word on whether or not the submarine has · succeeded im gettin Giraud out of Southern France , The convoys are still undetected . -- �r The sarne scene as two ;:iights ago in r pcated at Addiso:i Roa station . The quiet checkin.; in of officers by tte ..,tation guards ••• the flicl-'-erin y-allor. la:ips beside the blacked-out coaches •.• the officers seated in the cl:b car . At 9 : 09 Pi , the special train pulls o·,.1t a 6ain for Bourne.:1outh . Ag1;..i!l. J.inner is , served aboard . Everyone retires early since a takeoff "ltlSt come today if the pro ...-Jeri:reparations are to be made at Cibral tar , The F ... ying Fortresses '\':ill take off if there is the slightest hope of getting through . The train is n aring Bourneoouth at midnieht . 0 , ENROUTE GIBRALTAR FLYING FORTl.ESS 1IOV..,. TO BY , J3?R 5 , 1942--Everyone aboard the special train is a-:-;akened at 4 : 15 :: : • .:':.ft r breakfa.,, t , the baggaee is taken off and loaded into trucks anr· cars at t':ie Bourner.1outh Sou.th station . The take-off is scheduled for davm . It is raining steadily and is quite col1 . Hardl;r a eood morninz for the huge !)lanes to get off the R. A.F. :::.irdro::ie at Hurn , eight miles from Bournemouth . The cars and trucks GTope dorm the mudd~ roads in a1 ebony night . '"hen the lon~ convoy crrives at H~rn , tha ~otors of the six Fortresses are already turninf; over . 'l'he cars C.."l.d trucks are numbered and they drive to the J..,lanes ":i th corrPS.._Joncing numbers . /}eneral Clar'' and his party are ridin 6 in plan.e number 2--the Boomerang IT , +he same sh.;.p that +ook General Le"'.'.nitzer to Cibra2.tar a..d return for th: fc..:-i'"'d'forth !_fr ica:1 +ri:, 'l'J.ie p::..lot 5..::;Captain '".,..,. Connors . ':'lL baggage i~ sto=ed a'board quickly but ::.. L .,omet.:. _..t) be.'..'oru th.J t tak,)off . mh':l oth:r ::'i"li planes .i.n the Cibraltar ,a bou.'1d gro1..p are disp€rt::ed around th:: 1:)lack a..."l.d ·--1.rfi-ld . ,~l ,_ +,hat can be :::een of th'3:J is the.i.r glo ..,.in.z exhaus+ .... ro. Th party in G~n--ru.l Clark 1 .., pt..rt:r board the Boomeran RidL.:i_, in th~ raJio compart 1<>nt are General Clar~ , C lone ls Gale and Turner (a::..r fore ) • T •.:. ~ ·tenc..nt BeardFood and Ctaff 2ergea.'1t Cnc.ney ride in the ship 1 .., ,10s , · i th tile, bombardier and navigator . 0 0 , The plane beurin the De1- 1.t:· r'o;-i;:ander-:,;n-Cr.:;_c:: takes off from Hurn at c A:'21 L ·, three m.i.nute::: aft<>r t½.e 11F •d r.reml,_n 11 \ .ich is car ... ~yi.1; General :isenho· er . In ::ivent of accident , thi;, purconnel ha~ teen distrib•1ted in the s~-"- planes so no key :::ien are in the SE..."!le >'ortre::.s . It i~ rainin::; hccrd; U,e c~ilint:; : ., 1..hout 208 feet . The Boomeran; ro....rs own the tarmac , takes off ea&i"J , circles the field once antl at 8:26 cro!.)S9s the southern ~ol...~t of "':n~la:nJ t ... , ~.1.... eads v12st out ;,ast lanr'is end . It c0!1tinues to rain for two hm..'.r.... '"' _. c .; Lins is so lo\'; . that Con 1or::: l:eeps the :Jl&_'1.e bdween 200 :..nd 500 feet . ~ i::: also ...,revents the plane I s moto-s bein~ p.i.cl:::ed;_;_p the radio detectors by in Occupied France . i.t a.bout 10 : 30 :-.•~the ceilin;:; lifts :::.nd.c.boat t.~o 'lliles to the ri,.,ht c.nother Portre:::::: is si;:;ht9d . ':'he noolleran;; th9n hea i." ::,o,:th , • .1!'-~j.ng <--long smoothly -until the coast of Spain is sighted at 11 : 18 :. •. 7\,. Fortress crosses scores of small fis► :.;.n; boat::: and tiny 3~c.nish end Port 11::;-1n~~frs~ghter:::. Except when crossin& bay::. , t1:le Fortre:::::: rcmins tv:o to three miles off th9 .cpani:::h alld Portu[;U-a..,e coa"'ts . About 2 : 00-P'· , -:.lo other Fortre:::ses l..rC ::.::.0 h ...... , flyir.1.; t·-o r:iilP::: to _~ the cast, The Poo:-:~2·a_ ls cr:.1:Lsin'-' along stew:iil;· at lf;0-160 miles an hour. It .. 0 ic rrakin[; good tj b ~ ing aided b:;r a tail\. ind. 0 1 ;:. \ , General Clark ' s • 7 £.n':l I.J6.:::::esthrou.c:l. the Btrc..:.t:: of r.i':;raltc.r at 11 :10 follo.:.:.n:: on the t&..:.l of u.- t·, o othGr Fortrc:::se::.. Non" of OT ccn'!OJS b.a:., been sigh".:.ed dur:~n"' the tr::..1 , wince i-C r&.n close to ths co· :-:t of ":Jropc . !t n, �SECRET· ( .1.: ::''J m~, the :S oI!lE:ran<., begin::; circling th':l Rock of Gibraltar . The :::hip c&11::. in to t'1e r'frr1:.ltar air _. .,ort ar.C: _;_~tel:- that it vill r!:a.ke the m.:mbrr tlir6c la::::;lng . There ar'"' f.: ve plar..es in the b.ir , -;ncludinc Br:::L:ish fichters that fl;y 1~ to loo'.:. "S ;:ysr . l"c a.re just ;·re .&rir:. to st;.:..rt ln for i_h) l:.ir.dini · htn t .. o.t:'~'.!:'1 at:...,. ,~ officer \'W-n::. all plane::: that a ":i'ello .. &lertn i., on ~nd tht..t all alrcraf· ' :::t remain aloft . 0 Inside the Poor:1cran 0 , 1:.. horn :::ound.: and all ci1-Jnncr:::lee.~ their n.c.chir.c ~~n..> T!i.e:r take 6..:tn ::.. . t[_t..:..01 ~.1 cas c1!,s..,.,_:, ... '""' a::.rcra:t appec.1:·. Soon the vir ~2 fill ed rrith fie;hter plc.nes , S; itfir ,s , l-J'urricane::: and the clo\i 2-nd 110 1., a.ircrc..ft ca.rr:i.Fr biplane::; . ri,hc.--o')o~erw.. 0 circles th<J Rock . The hc.::-bor _;_~f.:..lled ·--ith a 11 k::..nd:::of ship:::--nava.l , r'e~chant and sea.rlanes . There h . a trt:: endou::: concentration , a :'rime bombin~ ob j ~ctive . !.Lo , f\:.bral-:,~r ain,ort i:: crammed nith &irplanew , al 110:::t, .:... to Tiing . f'e:.1e:r-c.l Clar; . 1 s :: la..'1e circles 'o for ovEr c.n hour before +.J:,e t..lert P:1d::. ':':ien it is t_;_v~n clear ...ncc to hm·· . Con;. or::: noses the plane c.o-.;r. ..a..,t tbe ...ost publicized .:.'~ce of the f a.'!lous 11Rock . 11 The -::.r ~ort .:..r short anc1. e:.tends out into the bc.y behind Gibraltar . On hi::: fir:::;t +r~", Coru ors believes he i::: couine do7m tc f&r c~m:n tl e r"'m.&y so he rul .... the 1 7 z.ne i...~ fron s i '.J 20 feet uid I e circli:, the Roel again . 'T'he scconc: l andine is made at c;: ::" P' . C'eneral Cl&rk +akes a car L ...,;;,(intely to Government Fouse . General "'iscnho' ..er Is plane has 1::.lre;;.cy land"'J. • .Soon al:. the plane::; bu.t one are in . '!'he si:.th For+::-ess hat.: to turn bac:~ be c ~use of motor trouble . It contains, aTJong other;:, , G-enera::. Lemnizter ant.' "eneral Doolittle . It ril::. continue to r.ibralt&r ·1-0 Jorrc·.1 if the ; ea ther is GOOd r-Pneral ''acon - '~acFar l~ne , ~overnor of Gibraltar . , , alcome::: General Clark at Gov~rn:-.1ent House , After t a , the high-ranking officers and Genen.l '1acFa:•lane confer. C'ne ~terestir.f:> cc.ble has come in froD nr,.hy . It f ollous : 11 General Juin, French :forth l..fr .:.ca:1 commandPr , asked me to call last eveniq; . In order to remain in clo::.er li~ison .-.hich he f&lt ";;;.s neces&c:.ry, h"' decignuted for that r--u·poso tv;o of f ic"rs of his staff . Cr ..c-. of hi..: convcrs&.tion \,b._ tha:.. >''hilP. he hopes a.Dy rOi, ocation wil::. coTJe from the Germans at '.:hich time he r ou l d ask for :~erican r..id , he has crclers to defend Frc1-ch Lfr:.._ca at all cost,._, so that v:e should not ,.:iake the 12istake of uttacking b0ca1..se he \ ould. have to give orders to oppo:::e 'J.S . T mentioned thc.t ·t::1..Lsdid not .., e!!l 10 .:..cal since Ger .. ,.:., occJ.pios e mo:::.t of France but thr..t ·;:e would e.~pect I're1sch ir.vita.tion lf ·.w ever ca. 1e here i::i force . Juin said he discussed eventua:. Ame~ican aid ···lth Ad::iiral l'arl sn who ad mitted "his desire e:·pre:::sed to Ldmiral Leahy in 19.<1.lfor the :r. S . to tall:k to him when we are able to provide l arge scale assistance but that he hac. no com.:..tcents to ::ia:, at this tL." . 11 1 J 1in 1 s rr-2, Col. Chre·tien , C[.lled this ,norning confirming his supe r ior ' s conversation ancl sb.iJ they would. be g lad to r eceive a competent hie;h rankin 0 army officer to discuss technical m.atte rs r lative to Fr&nco-A.~erican military co,ieration ~hich ne:::sage T pror.rised to convey . "Alt-hou.zh not lo okin e for immediate in tervention botl J uin and Chretien exrressed concern ov, r A.x pl.e.ns for thls area and tl .e~ did not indicate i::: immediate anxiety concernin[; our own plans. 11 0 None of the gene ral s is r;orried about Juin 1 s attitude . -.ith Girc.ud and Last in the picture , Juin can be taken care of by them. }.s East • romis d General Clark , 11 J uin ? Pfft--T take care of hi~ j ust like that . 11 ECRE T. . I ~ . . ... Ir\ �( After dinner at Gover!lr.lent House, \':here he is staying , General Clark goes to his Gibraltar office . It is located right under the Rock and i s reached , after getting by two guards , bJr a 500 yard tunnel bored straight into the Rock from the naval yard side. The offices have been he'l'm from the Rock itse1£ . Spanish workmen are still clearing away the rubble and they present a security problem . Generals Eisenho~e r and Clark share the same office . Space is at a premiw.1, as many as seven high ranking officers being in the same 9 by 10 room . At 10 : 00 P'I Allied Force headquarters on Gibralt ,ar_,is opened . r 1ashin 6ton and London have been informed . V'hat a command post ! Under 500 feet of solid rock , reachable only by a long lighted tunnel . 1 3efore midnight the first TORCH convoy , heading far inside the ;Jedi terranean for the Algiers assault , is passing through- the blackness of the Straits. The North African attack is almost r eady to start ! General Clark goes back to Government House shortly befo r e 11 Pl\l. * * GIBRALTARNOVEMBER 1942--At da,m , part of the British navy has slipped , 6, out of the Gibraltar harbor. Several warships , including two of the four aircraft carriers , have gone to join the first convoy that snealced through into the i.iedi terranea.n . General Clark eoes to his office under the Rock at 8 :45 PJ.~and immediately holds a l ong conference with General Eisenho'\Yer. The Commander and Deputy Co!ll..c~der are concerned chiefly with the Giraud problem. Nothing has been heard yet from the submarine as to whether the French General has been evacuated from Southern France . The new headquarters , despite its cramped quarters , is functioning smoothly . The r abbit-warren offices along the twisting halls cut, through snlid rock are swarming with officers and men. Cables are coming and going . Of immedd'.ate concern is communications so General Matej ka is called in to outline plans for transmitting messages not only from Gibraltar to London ~here they will be sped along to rashington , but also headquarters communi9ations with the three task forces . Later , Admiral Cunningham has a long conference with the two generals leadin g the North African effort . At 11 : 00 AM General Cl ark goes to Government House for a general conference , , It is held in a sitting room overlooking a palm-tree filled yard . General Eisenhower presides . In addition the confe r ees inc~ude Admiral Cunningham, General Uason '1acFarlane , .Air '~arshal f'elsh , .t_dmiral Bieri , General .Anderson , Brigadier Mockler-Ferryman , Com'"'lodoreDick and Colonel Slocum . The first sub j ect that is brought up is , as General Eisenhower puts it , "the confusion of ideas on treatment of the Spanish . " The fear is that the French will attempt to take Spanish Morocco and sque eze the Am,Hican forces into helping them by antagonizing the Spanish . Giraud and Hast must have it mace plain that any move against the Spanish will not be countenanced, ~ashington also recom ends a policy of bluff toward the Spanish to keep the m in line but TORCH leaders believe this is unwise . General Eisenho, ..er is willing to "buy the Spanish off if necessary . -~-·--~-~-~-- �'75 ( The second problem is the handling or Giraud . It will be impossible to contact the pick-up submarine before tonight . The problem is how to get Giraud to Africa before D-day . General Eisenhower sug 6ests that a flying boat pick up the Frenc h general and fly him to Algiers . The plane would have the French tri-c clor painted on it and would be "a gift to Giraud . " An amphibious plane is not available so it appears a seaplane will have to pick up Giraud, fly him to Gibraltar . He would then be t r ansferred to a land plane , also painted with the French flag , and flovm to Algiers . Not wanting to confer with Giraud because he fears a conference on "conditions and rules , " General Eisenhower will pr etend he is stil l in London. General M ason- M acfarlane will meet him at the airport , hand him a letter from General Eisenhower and then speed him on to Algiers . General Clark sugeests that a French plane might be flown from North Africa to Gibra l tar to take Giraud to ,Algiers . Says General Eisenhower : "That ' s a good idea . I hadn ' t tho ught of that !" Then comes discussion of what if Giraud should balk on paving the way for the American landing either after he boards the submarin e or after he reaches Gibraltar . Admiral Cunningham laughs : "He' s thrown his coat over the fence . He will do what he ' s to l d ." An attempt is going to be made tonight to get in touc with Giraud . He will be asked to outline his order to the French N orth t.frican. It wi l l be expanded her e . If Giraud isn ' t r eached , the order will be fut out under his name anyway. "There ' s not mu Gir aud can do but go along with us ," ch comm ents General Clark . In event the sea is rough and the seaplane can ' t land , Giraud will come to Gibraltar by sub then be flovm to Algiers , arriving about D plus one ~ ne:tt Monday. The delay in his arrival wil1. be ci rcumvented by dispatch of a message to the French North Afr icans from him, or alleged l y from h~ . . J ( • One bit of disconcerting news comes in today . The swells in the Casablanca area are reac hing a msnthly peak . On Sunday , the day of attack , they will be f rom eight to ten feet high - -too severe for small boat landin gs . For ecasts show that the fi r st day that a landing can be made will be November 12 ! A decision on what to do with the Western Task Force probably wi ~l hltve to be made. Regarding this area, a group of French officers has ap~roach ed American consular officials and indicated they are "ready to coni'er . 11 TORCH plann ers are a bit wary . They are convinced the Casablanca force pr obably won' t play along but that the French at the Mediterranean ports will . It ap ears certain the French navy and coastal batteries wil: resist . Admiral Cunningham reports that the British Navy is set to crush this opposition in the lfoditerranean . General Clark comme ts n that the French navy will soon realize that "it has no place to go but out and no place in North Africa to return to once the battle starts. " Neutralization of the coastal batteries --ill have a priority status . If necessary , the navy wiL bombard them . The submarine situation is still "extraordinarily good" rep rrts Admiral Cunningham but K''Ji'2 · is now being shadowed and th e phenominal luck of not a ship lost might not hold. Shift of the Al.i.ied com and headquarters m to Algiers is brought up . General Eisenhower announces that General Clark will go in as soon as pos sible "because I must have someone who can act for me without having to conf er with ~e or get my opinions ••• This shows the extraordinary importance of having a deputy. I ' ve j us t had to have him . 11 General Clark probably will fly to Oran first to find out £irs£fuand the shape of American paratroops so he can report at Algiers , later in �( the day whether the par at roopers are ready to move forward . General Eisenhower wi ll remain at Gibraltar "f or some days 11 since it will be the point to which all commanders will r eport . General Ander son then brings up the question of moving anti-air craft equipment to Algi ers and Bize r te . The British equipment that was to have been fl ovm up is not r eady . General Clark says that about 24 50 caliber machine guns can be se nt up f rom Oran . Anderson , who r eports that the Germans have rut more bomber s on Sar dinia re cently , l ooks r elieved . late r, he becomes embroiled with Admiral Cunningham concerning the speJd of his movement e&stward to Bone and Algiers . Cunningham says he doesn ' t think it is going to be too difficult "since I ' ll give you a hand f rom the sea at Bone if you need it . 11 So that the commande s of the task forces may have full comprehension of r the scope of pol itical deve l opments regardi ng Gir aud and Mast , a pouch is to be delivered on shi1board tonight to General Fredendall as his convoy gets through the Straits . The same material will be radioed in code to Generals Ryder and Patton . The Co!lli~anderin-Chief ' s conference is to be held daily at Government House . It is to be patte r ned after the Norfolk house tri-week ..y conference at which gener al problems will be discussed . Upon his return to the office in the RBck, General Clark confers with Air l<!asha l 7!elsh concernint; his air movement to r Al giers . The general would l ike to move up on D-day and wants to be pre.ared to do so , taking a small staff with him . r.elsh believes it will be impossible . There will be tv.o Flying For tresses and ~i r !,1arshall -:''elsh says that the British are furnishing two Hudson bombers to transport up the staffs of Wels and General And~ son . The four planes , ossibly augmented by a f lying boat , will have a r cov.er of fighte r planes . The si::th Flying Fortress , ".7hich failed to r:w.kcthe fliGht from :::n.:;land yest9rdaJ , arrives lat3 this afternoon . It he.d q'.1::.te a flight . Thirty .nile., off the northwest corner of Spain it ·-:as attacked by three German J-188s . ~ch of the pla..ries, apparently at the end of a patrol and rannin& short of gas , attacks the big plane once . The co- ilot is shot in the shoulder . Another machine gun bullet goes through the glassed-in nose , narrowly missing Mr. '1a.ck. The third shot is through the tail . The plane , among others , included Generals Le.mitzer and Doolittle . The reason it didn ' t get a»ay yesterday was that its hydraulic braking system failed . The following cable is sent to the Combined Chiefs of Staff summarizing the day ' s wo k : r in Washington , "To date plan has developed acco r ding to schedule . Principal preoccupation of moment is detai l ed plan for transporting Kingpin (Giraud) to Africa in time for him to assume French leadership in advance f H- hour and issue proclamation tending to r educe probability of ijeneral resistance . Assuming that Kingpin is now aboard submarine , am planning tentatively to transfer him to seaplane on Saturday with later transfer to land plane at Gibr~ltar which will take him to Algiers or some other spot of his selection . In view of tremendous value of minutes and in order to prevent interminable conferences here revolvin 6 around inconse~uential details I an VTiting letter to Kin;pin which ~ill be delivered to him here by General Clark . Letter purports to co~e fro~ London where I am preslli!led to be held by bad weather . The letter nerely reiterates Presidential promises and urGes irrL~ediate f~r; ~;~:~:~:~I. j~!1t[/i:if .: ·,. "\ �( departure of Kingpin to North Africa ,:rith aid of Americans . Letter has concurrence of senior British and American assistants . Plan is necessarily dependent upon good weather and u_on concurrence of Kin~pin when he has been contacted. 11 Today I was shown information by Governor of Gibraltar which bears directly upon attitude of Spain , and particularly c'·ncern of that country as to any foreien intervention in French '1orocco. At ·1y request he undertook to see that this message 1.as transmitted to co-:ibined chie:'s of staff . W''eather today generally favorable throughout region exce t that sv:ells on western coast continue to b~ difficu l t . However, we have received some intimation that we will be v:elcomed in sraall ports , excluding Casablanca and LyauteJ, and may expect so~e assista.~ce fro~ individual French officers and units in cutting off and sur ounding main orts . 11 For the next few days consider it of vS¾tal importance that channels of sisnal cormnunication between London and this headquarters work at maximum effectiveness • • • (~e might need) instant communication ••• "I intend sending Clark by ai r with a very small nucleus staff to Oran and then to Algiers on D-day if possible so that urgent operational decisions may be given on the ground and thus I hope to avo d any delay in prosecuting the advance eastwards . " "'lord is received late today that the French have 11d<>finite information • •• that two heavily laden escorted large convo ~ have left Gibraltar ." The second rs convoy sneaks through the Straits tonight . Still no enemy action against any of . the convoys t ( Attempts are made tonight to coillllltL~icate with Captain ~right 1 s submarine but there is only silence . Ap1arently General Giraud· has not yet been taken aboard . That , however , does not account for the sub ' s silence since it surfaces at night . Removal of Giraud is the only detail of TORCH that is not going according to plan . And, at this cruci al hour , when political considerations are paramount , Giraud 1 s cooperation is of great importance . This is the text North Africa: of the proposed te s t of Giraud ' s message to the French in 0fficers , ..:non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the Army of Africa : For 2 years you have scrupulously applied the conditions of the arnistice not withstanding the r epeated violations co:msitted by our adversaries . "Today Germany and Italy wish to occupy North Africa . America anticipates them and assures you of its loyal and disinterested suprort . We are prohibited fr om neglectitlg this unhoped for opportunity of recovery . "I reswne my place of combat among you . "I ask your confidence and you have mine . "le have only one devotion--France , one aim--victory. Remember that the Army of Africa holds in its hands the destiny of France . " 11 Whether it will be dispatched Giraud . depends on developments in the movement of When TORCH opens it is likely that certain sources will maintain that opening of the North African front does not solve the problem of helping Russia ; that it does not constitute the promised Second Front . Along this line , reports c•me in that the Germans have moved 70 planes fro~ the Russian front , including 10 from :~!~~~d~i~~l;~om Norway and 30 from the Front . They are being ,,ca,Ef~~;~~~.~rn * --,t.)f'i !:;~~~~~~ * �1 GIBRALTARNOVENJBER 1942- - 0ne of our combat-±oadea~vessels--the , 7, Thomas Stone , yarrying a combat team plus some field artillery units--has been torpedoed about 500 miles east of Gibral tar l The vessel , taking 1590 men and 520 cfficers to Algiers for the H-hour assault , has had her propeller and steering gear torn away. She is badly cripped and the troops wil l be unable to j oin in the assault . Since they will lie helpless until tugs can arrive , she wil~ be at the mercy of enemy bombers and submarines . Vessels are or dered to her assistance but the remainder of the convoy must continue on . Her f ate is uncertain . Lose of the combat team is serious but it will not affect the decision to attack as scheduled . General Clark impatiently awaits further reports on damage to the Thomas Stone . The second disquieting piece of news of the day before the attack is that no word has been received from the P-219 . '.nhat has hap1;ened to the ·submarine and whether or not Giraud has been successfully embarked from Unoccupied France is unknomi . These are missing convoy that ly bul ging are the two major developments as the day starts . •~ore naval vessels from Gibraltar harbor when dawn comes. They have 'joined .the second passed through the Straits l ast night . Gibraltar airdrome is literal with planes . The only open space is the runway. - The Giraud and torpedoe d ship deve l opments occupy General Clark during the early morning . Then, at 11 o ' clo ck he goes to Government House for the Com. iander in-Chief1s conference . The same two prob l ems occupy most of the discussion . General Eisenhower points out that to r pedoeing of the Thomas Stone has meant the loss of landing craft , as well as the use of the combat team , 1 .Another attempt to cont ac t the submarine scheduled to pick up Giraud is to be made this afternoon at 2 o ' clock . V:hether a message is received wi l l determine what action is to be taken regarding Giraud ' s proclamation to the ~forth African French. If Giraud doesn ' t show up , the responsibility of French cooperation will rest on 'Jast . Discussion centers on whether ':last should say he is acting in the name of Giraud . This is discarded as a poor idea since , if Giraud is still in France , he will probably be executed as a traitor . General Clark tells the group that Mast promised he would "act on his mm" if anything slipped concerning Giraud ' s arrival . Some of the high-ranking officers doubt if , in view of developments , :.last will be willin g to carrJ through . Says Admi al Cunningham: "He must . r He' s gone too far to draw back . 11 If Giraud gets out , General Eisenhower says that a cable can be sent to '1ast instructing him that "Giraud requests you to say and do as follov:"s . 11 General Eisenhower believes if the operation eoes off successfully without Giraud , he ' ll be chafing at the bit to get over and into the show and he ' ll be easier to handle than tho~h ho was in on TORCH H our . r.eneral Clark at -h says he v:ill await the hoped -f or 2 Pr! contact with the submarine before cabling 'furphy how to proceed v;ith .fast . The question of com"!unicating with the three Task Forces prior to H-hour is brought up , General "G;isenhowerwants to check with them but Admiral Cunningham says any com.nmication will be caught by detectors "and their positions wilJ. become known. 11 Instructions are that the Task Forces are to inform headquarters by 3: 50 P'! if anything has gone askew and they can ' t proceed with their tasks. If anything has happened that headquarters knows of that vill delay the attack , this is to be comnrunicated to ;,• fEt;::,:\:;: by 4 : 30 l"I . No news will ·.·:·"::~~F· t,:: · . be good �( news . W hethe r or not the paratroops are to take off fro m England for the Oran lan ding must be indicated this afternoon . If they are to land at H-h our , they I!Iast take off around 5 : 30 PT1 if th ey are to go in at davm, they VTill take off ; about 10 : 30 or 11 PM. One cr ui ser with the Algiers forc e is now heading eastward as fast as possible . Late today it is to send out a message in which it will report itself as a Fr ench f r ei ghte r . The r e ort will be that it has sighted heavy Al lied forc es . In this way, it is hoped to divert Axis air and naval units to the east end of the Mediterranean . General Anderson tells th e co~£eren ce that 11e as soon as possible so h~ can "sens e the possibilities to Bone . General Clark point s out that he has made Air Ma rshal \'!el sh and himself , and their smal.L staf at noon tomorrow if Algie r s is secured . 11The entire this aft ern oon, 11 says General Clark . feels he must get to of making a quick all arrangements for fs , to l eave here by plan wil: be wo ed rk Al giers move Anderson , plane out by Bri gadier "ocklcr -F errynan reports that intelligence data. indicates tho Fr ench 11don 1 t know y-et what is going to hap en . 11 The ships in the 'lediterranean have been inte rpr eted as 1 falta conv0;i-s. Admi al C r unningham sa!-s later r eports ar e tha t the French and the Axis believe the ships are going to attack Sicily or the Italian mainland . General Eisenhower says he is surpr ised that there have been no bo!:lbin6 raids on ribraltar because of the concentration of Ghip_ing and aircr&.i't . The air o:'ficers explain it is beca1 se of Gibr altar 1 "' e~~t e:ie range from r .P.xis bases . The final rep r r t is that the French navy ap:_..,arently is not alc.r.ned and is makin~ no unusual moves. General Sisenho~er closes the conference, to meet a gain tomorrow Hif there is time , 11 by repor'ting on the Allied attack in the 'a ddle Eas_t. It is going sp l endid l y . General Alexander is advancing , has captured 20 , 000 Ji.xis prisoners and 350 tanks. The advance is going even better than ex ected . 1 Returning to his of fice m1der the Rock of Gibraltar , rene:-al Cl'rk finds cable fro.11 the :f'.Taval "'lander of the 3::..stern Task Forc e . It says : 11If I an Co to carry any success in o eratirn TORCH r.iust leave TJ.s. s. Thomae Stone in 37 , , north 0001 .rest at 1200/2. Am zivin:; her anti-sub!n arin° :rrotection only . Ship is in no r'!anger . of sinking . Request im "ediate instructions . 11 The staff is elated . The troops , unless they are bombed, should be sa±'e . The Naval Co.r.ander is to l d to proceed . a 1 s submarine . Lt 2 : 25 P'.: a baffEng messa~e is r eceived from Capt~':lt 11 It says : Task .;one . Radio failing . " It is believed that the confusion results fr om garbled transmission of th e 11g;" that it should read : 11Task done ••• 11 If so , that means C'iraud is aboard the P-219 ! There is nothing to do but Y!ait and hoe that that assun tion is correct . In less than an hour another ~essa~e is receivP • Giraud has been pi cked up fro:11 the sub:'""a!'.:..ne a fl:rirr.; boat . He is proc e"'dinG by to Citr&..ltar ! There "1":il.1 no r:ay in vhi ch he can r ef.ch Afr: ca toni;:;ht so General:: be Clar k and Eisenl10' er will confer Tiith r.i:::i in their tunnel office and try and convince him to issue a statement r;hich will be sent to London for broadcast to North Africa . General C'iraud , a tall , unshaven , hol lor.-checked l!lan in civilian clothes , arrives at headquar+ers at 4 :03 p-· end ::..s taken irn'!lediately to the office th&t the Com. cr and his D, puty share . Captain 1rright , bearded. but grin._in;; , ·i.: vrith 'Jand Giraud . �,( Generals Clark and Eisenho':!er , T.i th Colonel !Iolmec fo r an interpreter , begin their conference . The r~d light bulb above their door flashes on , c:u-nifyinG no one is to enter . A £,'Uard is placed outside the door . General Clark dashes off fro;;1 ti.:ie to time to get docur:!ents . !.n u-:;ent cc.blc hc.s 6one to ,...Ta...,hl.r..bton informinu the Co:...-:bin<Jd Chisf::, of Ste.ff that the c:.11 im 0rtant conferr:mce is --..~nder-:.c.y. H 6 : 42 P~r another r..escage is sent from the rock-he'. "!l roo ... '-lwr the three encru.l:: e.nd th_ interpr"t-r ar" cnnferrir..b . It sayc : "Confer"'nc" ,ith KingpL-1, ""isnn,;:rhc·,er and Clark still in pr o,..;ress . ~in 6pin 1.,ill not broc.dcast ::.tatement until after he reaches ~rorth !.frica . Details for tra . sporting hir:c ther not ;r t completed . " 1"henever Gi=mer"'l Clar 1: co::1cs br::.cfl;; Ol'.t of the of. ice , he shakes his head and ::.-P~ his forehead . Long arc-urnent is alco bein;; consu.'Ilcd concerning the comnand relc.tionship . \ 0 0 0 Thile the conference is going on the "warning ord r 11 that TORCHis goinG on as .,chec.rled is issued at 5 : 21 P'..~ Ho 1-:-orc has be<>n received ! . fro!!! -Lhe Task Forcrs to declare th at a lanciing looks inadvisable . Si:nilo.rly , notr.ing to delay TOPCF ha::, cropped ur here . The order rEads : 111'Tarning order . f!- hol'.l' co nf irr.ied November 8 . For Ea::;t and Center 5 100 hou r s , G'IT, f or '~est about 0450 hour::: • .1-"..cknor-,ledge . Urgent , Fr om Eisenho':7er for !.BFOR ( London) " Orders ref:ardin 6 t elease of the f irst . TOR corrll:n.miq_uecome out . The com:.nmique will be relea::;ed in .,..,.asl.ington at 9- P:: CB , Eastern 'l"'ar Time . The instructions continue : "Relec>.se cor.1.:!uni~ue m.1.mber one in London and begin TOR broac:casts CH in accordance ,;ith (im:tructions) . Acknm_rledge . Ur~ent . 0 I( '\7ith all three men looking haggard , the conference bet, een Genera.ls Cirau.d , Eisenho: er and Clark ends at 7: 00 pr: . It has lasted just over '-.hr·'c h01,:rs ! Giraud , who :net General :,Iason- .1acfarlane j ust as the meeting was starting , goes to the nove nn o:,;' s house for dinner . CenerLls Clark and Eisenho'l"e r, v,ho have hc..d their bed r olls and er~onal kits Javed into their tunnel headquarters so they can spend the ni 6ht there , 6 0 to Vice Admir al Ste1.a.r t-Browne 1 s for a quick dinner . B:eadquru;:ters is trP.nend'")'!J.sly busy . The cables are flor.ing in at a terr:.:.fic rate . One cab l e that has just co:ne in carries exceptionall,, bood nerrs . The surf in the Casablanca area has dropped . The cable oa;rs : "Observations 7 .. ave .iber show 'noderate sea , but no definite S"i':ell. 'I'en foot v;aves fro:n east ol:t of Strait appear to hr.ve nullified sv.ell. Believe ··ehedia and Fedala (,,.:here ···estern Task For ce landings will come) viL have choppy sea with s,,elJ four to six feet hi 6h , This condition predicted fro,n 10 P'' 7 ,rovember until 8 : 00 .'': : 9 Nove:_1ber. Pro.. tected area at Fedala should shor· three foot ,1aves ." If this is true , the Patton f or ce TI ill be able to go in on schedule' ! ' Following dinner , and the r eason Cenerals Clark and ~isenho-:rer ate r--lse'l7here than Govern"llent House v;as because Genera.l ~:acfa.r l ane r an into a 1:1atter of protocol on deciding v·hether to seat General Giraud or Gener a l Eisenhower on his right . Rather than bring an embal:'rasing moment since relations ~ith Giraud are decidedly str a ined after the conference , the two American generals eat elsewhere . Genera l Clark returns to the office with General Eisenhower a t 9 : 50 Fi and the confe r ence is r esuned . Thines go f rom bad to Vlo se . Gir aud wa nts top c r d . He intimates he has been double-c r ossed , tha t he didn 1 t knovr TOR was so imminent . An aide , . CH going brie f ly into the confe r ence c oom he ar s Gen eral Clark tell Colonel Holmes to inte r pr et the f ollowing to the Fr ench General : nvre would l ike the Honorable Gener al to know that the time of his use f ulness to the Ameri cans f or the r esto r ation of the glory that i"IaS onc e France is NOW We do not need you after tonight l II That is . a l l h e cat ches before leaving the r oom again . l7) �( The second conference between Giraud and the two American generals last another hour and then breaks up . It has not gone well . Giraud , ap.arently , is not going to go along . The Frenchman returns to Government House for the night . He probably will do a lot of thinking before he goes to sleep . He vdll know that tonight French North Africa is being attacked. With developments , a return to France for him probably woul d mean trial as a traitor and death. But he still f eels that he should have cow.and ; that he should lead an effo r t planned and executed by Americans and British . Arparently he is putting his personal ambitions and interests above those of the France he professes to want to liberate from the Axis . As he leaves , General Clark tells Colonel Holmes to interpret : "If you don ' t go along , General Giraud , you 'r e going to be out in the snov, on your ass !" The text of the col!ll"Unique being released at 1 J.J! (from no~. on the time in this diary will be G eenv,rich Time) is as foll01~s : "United States Army , Navy and r Air Forces started landing operations during the hours of darkness this morning at numerous points on the sh◊res of French North Africa . The operation v,as made necessary by the increasing A.'Cis menace to this territory. ·teps have been taken to give the French people , by radio and leaflets , early information of the land ings . There combined operations of United States forces were supported by units of the Royal Navy and RAF and follm,ed by parties of British troops . , 11 Lieutenant General Dvl'ight D. Eisenhower of the United States A:rmyis Com.,!U:).nder-in-Chiefof the Allied Forces. rr C Reports are coming in from agents in No th Africa . The raod bet1',een Bone r and Bougie has been mined . The S. S. Janine has been "bombed" in the Eastern Mediterranean . This is probab.Ly the fake French ship the British cruiser is r eporting on to divert the Axis . Or, it could be that the Axis has made a mis take , bombing a. French ship that it thought was allied since the attack came j ust before dusk . The Eastern Task Force is informed that guides are set to be on the beaches . The combat team aboard the torpedoes Thomas Stone was a battalion f rom the 39th R. C.T . The "tunnel" headquarters is throbbing uith activity as midnight approaches . By novr, the assault forces have gone over the sides of their shi sand are moving toward the shore in the darkness . General Clark begins to circulate around the hall. He explains further what hap.erred with Giraud . The Frenchman wanted to assume complete command within 48 hours . General Clark continues: "We both told him that he didn ' t have the means to assume the command. I told him repeatedly that he had not conttibuted a thing to the initial success of the operation yet we were willing to bring him into it . Ike and I batted back and forth . I ' d argue with him for some time . And then , weary , I ' d nod to Ike and he rd start v. ·orking on him . Giraud remained adamant . Ti hat about the prestige of Giraud? " the Frenchman nould ask . •Vhat V',ould the French people think of .' me; what about my family . r I told him it shouldn ' t make much difference whether he was governor of North Africa or general of the armies . After all , he made none of the preparations . After hours of talking it was obvious that it was useless , that we. were getting nowhere . I think Giraud is waiting to see how things come out . He' s going to sit tight and if we are successful he ' ll come aro~md in 48 hours or so and say that he ' ll go into North Africa. He was very solicitous to me. He told me he would make me a Deputy Commander ~e offered to make him a l virtual king in North Africa , offered him money to build up his defenses and strengthen his army, He dem red , To hell with him 111 ur * �( GIBRALTARNOVE'lBER8 (D-DA) , 1942-Th e 39th R.C.T ., its ship torpedoed as , y it proceeded toward Algiers for the assault , has started to sho r e--150 miles --i n its motor driven landing craft t This is r eport ed shortly after midnight by the tugs that went to the Thomas Stone to give it assistance . The decision was made by the regim enta l commander. Apparently the American troops were not content to sit on the crippled ship . They preferred to go ashore. They won' t lmow exactly where they are landing but they ar e going in t General Clark grins at their pluck . Generals C4rk and Eisenhower labor perfecting the draft of a cable to the Combined Chiefs of Staff in Washington outlining what occured in the conference with Giraud . Then , they sit down to listen to a shortwave broadcast of the President ' s message on a special radio that has been rigged up in the office of the two generals. General Gruenther briefs the four newspapermen attached to headquarters on last-minute developments . In all probability , no reports wil~ come back from the assault forces until about dawn. This is the message that Generals Eisenhorrer and Clark eooperati vely draft for the Combined Chiefs of Staff in V'ashington : "Six hour conf erence between .American Eagle , (Clark) , Kingpin (Giraud) and the Allied Commandr -in-Chi ef has just terminated . At beginning of conference, e Kingpin refused to iss ue any statement that could be broadcast tonight either fro m here or from London or r.ash in gton. He stated that he has already authorized General ~fast to make a statement in his name fro'TI Algiers tomorrow morning some hours after the lan ding and that no other word from him was desi rabl e or pecessary . He specifically insisted that no radios emanating from either national capital or from Allied Headquarters should connect his nar.ie in any v;ay with this operation . "At end of conference Kingpin flatly declined to participate in operation except as Allied Supreme Com ander in a position in which he v1 ould be completely independent to car y out his own strategic and tactical conceptions. :.Ioreover , he insi~ted that this position must be given to him at once . He stated categorically that by November 10th all forces then ashore must come under his·control and that thereafter all forces in North P...frica v,ould have to come under his command upon debarkation . He stated that the present Allied ColilTilander-in-Chief could retain control of base and administrative arrangements near the ports and take care of arrival of reinforcements , including supplies , but that he (Kingpin) ~ould make all decisions respecting the tactical and strategical em loyment of the -groops. It was explained to him over and aver again that the Allies hope to turn over command of this region to the French at the earliest possible moment and that in the meantime every effort would be ~ade to assist him in organizing and equipping his forc es . But it was ointed out that until the Allied Force can be well established in North Africa , there is no possibili t~r of the two governments disrupting the present present cor.r.iand and staff arrangements that have been so laboriously developed for the control of large Ground, Air and Naval formations . It was further explained that since the plan was already in the process of e::ecution there were measures now going for ward , includin; mov'3ment of convoys, the lRnding of troops and the assigru:ient of tactical objectives , that could not be chan~ed over night without the creation of great confusion and uncertainty . These circumstances prevent imr:iediate change in command and staff . In response to questions , he was assured that he would be recognized promptly as f!ilitary and Civil head of all French aff&irs in North P..f ica and that the Allies would assist him in developing.forces that he could employ as he saw fit, even to re-entering FrancA from the South and engaging the Germans in battle there . He is obsessed ~;§ECRE ~;; ::.~ -T _:-=-..-- �\ ( with the idea of moving immediately into France and implied that if he were made Commander, he woul d promptly use the enti e Air Force coming into North Africa in neutralizing Sardinia and in trans or ting troops into South·,rn France and transfer the fighter and bomber units to airfields in Southern France. Both the Eagle and I urged him to go along with us · temporarily on the basis previously outlined and under all the assurances that the President has made respecting French sovereignty and territorial integrity . Vie pointed out that eventual command has already been pro;nised him but that as a soldier hew uld realize that the establishment of secure bases and development of land and sea com.'l'lUllications would require several weeks at least. To all this he was com letely deaf ; nothing matters to him except ersonal command and he would not accept any promises of close collaboration and consulatation in the ordering of tactical and strategical enterprises . He even indicated that as Commandr-in-Chief e he could not be responsible to the CornbimitChi efs of Staff but that it would be my responsibility to deal with them , particularly in obtaining necessary reinforcements and su lies f r om the Allied govern.ments , after -which he alone would direct their employment-- whether in North Africa , in Sardinia , in Sicily or in France. Alt hough it was laboriousl y pointed out that the Al lied Com.mander-in Chief did not possess autho rity to create an echelon of comnand that would be superior to hi mself and that any such arrangement would have to be previously approved by the two governments , Kingpin stated that he could not accept the delay in volved . rt ingpin was no of guaranteeing non-resistance • in our Kat ta cks.said that , therewould not possibility attem his to do so . He seems to assume tonight and make any t however, that we will get ashor e and that thereafter he wo uld appear in Algiers in the uniforu of a French general and take cora~and. nHe v:as told that 'n our view the first great service he could render the Allied cause was to insure that we would encounter no o rositi n in landing so that al l forces and surplies ~ould be available for use against the com,~on enemy rather than against French.~en. It was suggested also thet his neA"t great seruice \,ould be the organizing of the Army , Navy and Air Force in North Africa in such a way as to make it a formidable fighting machine for assistance in freeing France . 11 During hour I s recess in the conference , I conferred with principal sub\ , ordinates , particularly Cunningham, concerning Kingpin ' s demands . Admiral Cunningham labelled them as preposterous and unreasonable in current circu.11stances . In my anxiety to keep Kingpin with us , even though it is too late for hDn to assist us in the role in which we especially desired him. I conceded every point he made except that only I must remain directly responsible to the Combined Chiefs of Staff for operation of the Allied Force u..~til different arrangem ents could be made with the consent of the two government s. I even went so far as to state that I would support his ambition to command the forces here as quickly as he had completed the great Civil.and IAilitary organizational task in North Africa and he could place in the field arui organized Frencl1 force of any respectable size. He replied that his organizational task would be completed in t wo days repeat two days during which time he ,-;ould devote himself to the civil and military population and local leaders. He would , therefore , assume com.~and at that time as he had already planne . I careful 1 y explained that his proposal would make me resonsible to him on the one hand and on the other- to the two governments , which are providing all the resources and dictating the major strategy. He seemed totally unable to grasp the point that I could not be res onsible to two entirely separate agencies , whose views , respecting im"1ediate and primary objectives in the theater , do not remotely agree . I �tr.As a final word , he stated that he 17ould be. a spectator in the affair. He would not interfere v;ith our plans or operations but y;ould not take part in them and would not authorize the use of his na,'lle in any way in connection there~.ith. "This is the way the matter stands and we are proceeding ·.vith the execution of plans . w.iy i11pression , shared by the Eagle and Cunnini;:;ha:n is that Kingpin is , pla.yin,g for time . Knowing that there v.ill be some French resistance and that he is deternined not to lay himself open to the charg e of bein:; in any wa,r re.:;ponsible for the sheddi~ of French blood , he realizes that ho can do nothin.:.; ..~th respect to the la.n.dine ::..tself and cc:ill gain no credit from it , :i- ..1atter hm: successful. Consequently he is choosi. g to '.-:ait to see what hap. <=\nS His .n,3thod . of gaining time is to insist u on a point which as a soldier 'le is ,:~ 11 a...-.a.re the Allies cannot accept at this 11oment. If ,rn are generally successful tonight ,1e v;il · not be surpris"'d to find him more concil .,tory toCTorrov: morning since it must be obvious to him that in every v;ay we are trying to make hin the bi:; .nan in the re/;ion and give hLn a definite personal influence and l eadership in un-• ning the war . Incidentally , he categorically denies any knouledge of the ten million f~ancs request upon which ~e sent that a'llount to Colonel Schor. . ·~ut 'le says that Beaufort is an honest men and TTill spend the money toward fighting Germany . "Eagle and I are bitterly disa pointed , principally because of the help Kin.::;pin could have rend ered excert for his int ense personal ambition and ego and because v1e knei7 that the Combined Chief.., of Staff and the ·two governments were counting strongly on hi rn for constructive assistance . "Latest nev1s that ~re have been able to gather from Uorth '..fri c . indicates that v1e ma.7 expect considerable resistance whic)'i , if true , shows that 'last , opr,rating in the name of Kingpin , has not been very effectiv e . The Chief of Sta.ff of the Oran division has j ust reported , throu 6 h ~dy , that thei n plans have been discovered and that an intense alert is being conducted ." FLASH: 0238 . The Ea stern Task Forcer ports su ccessful. Landings have been made on the three says is : 11Tomboy A'RC 11 . in . Their beaches ! Flash : 0319. captured . that Generals The Western Clark Task Force and ~isenho~e r arc reports Sidi e lat ec . ~veryth:~g a::;sault has been the brief ~essage ~l~ Fer uch has been is goin; fine . Flash : 0322 . The Center Task Force reports that landings at t,.o beaches , kno'\'/Il. in operations as 11yn and 11Z11, wer e successful , "th e latt er unopposed . 11 1:fonews ,,ret frolII X. No firing yet Sea. ~mooth . Condition ideal. 11 Flash : 0332 . Landing 11::-:11 beach successful. Center Task Force) for u.nloading . 11 Shirs proceedin;; in shore I (From One garbled me,.,sage is r eceived from the Oran Force (Center) • It says : La.ndings unop1osed . Broken xx x shooting began . Do not start a fight unless you have to xx x • 11 11 l General Clark is ho ..,,ing in and out of his of,..ice , moving up and dov.n the hall fro o of fice to office . 11"e l l , " he grins , 11she lo oks retty good ! 11 �~ •"11"'.;' "~'1~:.; . if:f'."fi 1 . ~ · :~: :s~cn~Et ~t ";.1..,; -. ..~l ~ ( I j -' . , .;,, I, v ;r..f:..'\l,.'lt1'4t°'1'-• ~ i., The generals , who have alrea dy sent a cable to i'! shington reporting a on the fine reports from Mg±ers , send the fol l o~ing cable to ~'ashington regarding Oran : "Landings on all three beaches effected -:,ithout o osttion . Ships roceeding toward shore to complete unloading . No word yet f ro~ '~estern Task Force which is scheduled to begin landing in about five minutes ." Com.,1entsGeneral Clark as he waits for the Royal Navy to deliver more bulletins : "This is kind of like waiting fo r :eeturris ~1 coL1nin on electi,,n night ." tn ; Adrliral Cunningha..~ is the colorful character in the rock-hewn tun~el . He has taken of f hi s coat with so much gold braid and so nany decorations . He is wearing a white turtle - necked sweater and rubber boots in which his dark navy trousers are tucked . An air raid alarm sounds at Gibraltar at 4 : 52. Soon th e guns start firine and the 500 Jard long tunnel is filled i::ith people , so;Je in nightclo.Lhes . It is reported that three ene::iy planes are over the peninsula. . The din of the antiaircraft guns is terrific . The all - clear comes at 5: 09 . ~o bombs have been dropped on Gibraltar . General fason-~tacfarlane comes to visit the two generals and they discuss the Giraud conferences . Then the two generals take off their shoes and lie down in the con.ion office on canvas cots . At 5: 45 , General Fredendall radios that the "landing continues unopposed . 11 Algiers is silent . There is still nothing f rom the Patton f orce . The generals continue to catnap . · First contact with the Western Task For ce comes at 556 when Admiral Hewitt , com.nanding the nava l effort there , radios tha t the "operation is proceeding on schedule . A report comes in on the 39 paratroop planes that left England about 11 P'A. Two of them have made f orced landings , presumably in Spain . A third one is at Gibraltar ai rdrome . The Paris radio makes no mention of the North African attack in its early morning broadca st . Later , Vichy announces that D lan and Juin ar are directing the Navy and P.rmy The Vichy radio claims heavy bombardment of . Oran and Aleiers with attempted landing in Algiers harbor . The French say that al l have been repulsed . It is announced that Petain will reply to President Roosevelt later in the day . At 0642 a radio comes in reporting that the force attacking Oran harbor is facing fire . from batteries . TheRoyal Navy reports an 11 un1rn.m.n " vessel 12 miles av,ay at Oran . The French navy has lain quiet during the night but there might be naval fireworks today . There is no word on the paratro ops but six Spitfires with American markings were sent up from Gibraltar to escort the jumpers into Or~n. FLftSH: 0745--Th e J,l gi ers force , under General Ryd r , reports that ' 'aison Blanche airport has been captur ed . This ~as a prim e goal . Ryder also reports that air reconnaissance also shows that all bridges are i~tact in his area . ( From the Naval c~nter Task Force comes a report at 7: 45 that the Brilliant has sunk an enemy vessel (the type was not given) . Still no r eally definite word from the l7estern Task Force but Admiral Hewitt ' s message about two hours ago indicated the troops were going ashore . General Clar~ , whose code name in Gibraltar has be en his first name so he is ca l led "General Mark, " sifts through the handwritten messages that are cascading fa ster and faster over his desk . General Fredendall reports that both Ranger l andings in Oran were "unop~osed . 11 However, there is 11heavy f ighting fo r Turton hi l l battery . ·.~aracaibos beached but unloading .ECRET l �i;;i,.,i~• t · 80 not started yet . Consid erab l e a.position in Bluff (Oran) harbor. Our naval insh or e patrols engaged by shore batteries , " All indications are that the heavy going is at Oran with General Fredendall 1 s Center Task Force facing the heaviest opposition . He report s a litt l e lat er that his forces have ca 1 tured Cupton battery . The first direct wor d conc ernin g the Western Task Force is r eceived j ust before 0800 . It says "Plan A" being carried out . This was one of the three landing plans in th e Rabat-Sale r egion . At 0815 the commander of the naval unit at Oran reports : "Have intercepted French S . S. Jamaique escaping from Oran . Ahears to be fu l l of troops • .Am es cortin g her into Arzeu , 11 Another r epor t comes i n that the Oran airport is on fi re ; extent of damage, eithe r to buildings or runways , is not known. At 0939 , Genera l Ryder reports in that he is , with :1ast s help , moving to captur e Darlan , currently in Algiers , and take the I'renchman "into protective custody ." The only wor d from the paratroopers comes via the navy at Oran . The paratroopers ' observation pla..ne is circlin~ in the vicinity . 1'\1iat effect the airdrome fire Tiill have on the plan to l and in the planes so a quick takeoff to the east could be effected is not yet known, At 0930 , the Vichy radio announced that Petain , in reply to President Rooseve lt ' s message regardine reason for the North Afr ican attack , said : "There i s no j ust ificat ion in this attack . V'e will defend the Empire against any aggressor • .. That is the ord er I giv e you ... n antain disci pl ine and calm . " ( The crack Britis h battleship Rodney radi os : "Intend to engage ta r get P. 0950 . " This means the Rodney is moving up to fir e her 16 inch guns at coastal batteries defending Algiers . At 10 : 17 , General Fr edendall r eport s that his I1~ar bos dere acai discharged by 0800 , The X-force i s in contact with the French at Louriiier:.. At 1013 Genera l Eisenhowe r sends the following cable to the Combined Chiefs of St aff in V1ashington : 11Am makin g one more effo rt to dra i Kingpin into fold. Rimm I intend to r epe at my readiness to r ecogni ze and su port Kingpin as l eader of the Fr ench effort to save North Afric a and restore France , to recognize him further as the senior Allied officer in the r egio n with all honors due to him in su ch position , to cons ult him constantly in all st rat egical matters and to cooperate wit h him to f ullest extent . Also to do my best to help equip his troops , The only point on which I cannot give way is that the Combined Chiefs of Staff are my iwmediate command supe ri or and that any agreement be t ween him and me must omit the stipulations: that he can issue operat ional or ders to me. " After dispatch of the cable , Gener als Clark and Eisenhower l eave their tunnel headquarters for the fir st time since last evening . They go to Government House v1here they will conf er with Gir aud . ·:eanwhile , this message is dispatched to General Fredendall at Oran : "Clark with small gro..ip will leave Gibraltar by air tomorrov, or as soon there after as practicable for Algiers where he nill establish advance J...FHQ. Brief stop will be mac'leat Oran for conferencA with you at airport . Acconpanying wili be Con ,anding Genera l , British First Army, each with small group staff officers , Party wil l travel in three B-17s and 3 Hudsons with fighter escort . Fssential that as soon as a suitable airfield in your area is under control you specify its location and time when landing can be effected . " A naval scrap in deve lo ping in the 'lediterranean between British and French forces . The British rep - rt heavy damage to three French destroyers while one of _SECREJ �( the British shi 1')s has a hit in the shellroom , which if f l ooded . The naval repo r ts he e~pects to get the damage under contro l. commander By mid-morning it appears that everything i s going about as anticipated in TORCH French naval units and navy - manned batteries . are resisting and from secondhand info r mation it ap,_,ears that Patton may be havin 6 some trouble on air fields . Information f rom the Task Forces is meager but no questions are being asked of force commanders because of not wanting to worry them at this stage by demanding reports . 'i'Te do knorr that vre are fairly solidly ashore at Algiers and Oran o.nd that the ~estern Task Force began as scheduled . At Algiers we had to sink a French destroyer attempted to escape and captured a French ship attempting to leanefl Oran . The Oran airport that is burning is L~arll Senia . General Fredendall reports "hangar at L~ai)l Senia hit and burning , numerous aircraft in air and ground destroyed ." This is followed by a report stating that light anti-aircraft as well as heavy at both La Senia and Tafara 0 ~erdromes . The prime objective at Oran was the taking of~ Tafara . The report continues : 110ur paratroops aircraft observed fl ying over Grande Scbkra . About 20 . xx x Others se~n landing at 0800 . ro military traffic qbserved on roads nor th south of Grande Sebkra . ( P.t 105 7 General Ryder , at Algiers , is asked to "rush .,i tL1ation report . Pc.re d ondi tions s 1.li table arrival Anderson . 11 r fe,1 seconds later , tho intelligence section intercepts two messages f om the French Air Forcr- Si 6nal . The first , sent from Safi at 0930 says : 117S !ll!!l and 155 mmhave been captured . Aerodrome peri:niter hoing defended by three tanks . 11 The gvns ore ot:r caliber . s'..p_.:arently , they are .burs . The second '!lessage , se::it at 0952 , 'says : 11'.fa.ison Blanche and B.Lida aerodromes have been captured by the enem;y. 11 Looks like the Algiers force is really going strong l ,..h- Sr.fi r, 1 •ort ::;:10•;:: t:iat "·"'n-..:r::..lP;...tton ' s i'orce--or c.t lea.st p.:rt of 't-h.as land~~ ! r. short \"hile later !. '~1irc.l Bem.ett rei.,orts that the French v.a.rship Cc.:::abknca "sortied a!'ld attacked o-c.r force . " l"hat happened dl:,rini:, the at tu.cl: i:: not cor:t"'lunicated . ':'he folloning r.1essage is received froL, General "R,;dcr: "} '.airal Darlan nou .in Algiers . An -~M':lericc.n detachment i' ill report to Flau,ole c·~ast) at da·:m or shortly thrreafter . They have been instructed to take Darla.."1 ir..to protective custody ,·. .it'- utmost diplo::m.cy. Req_uest ~•our active cooperG..tion. 11 It is revealed tod~y that Ceneral Giraud , upon c.i·rival at the tunnel head½..iarters , asked the [;nerican t;Pnen.ls to tr ..ns:.iit a message for him to ..:a.st. T11i::.nas done i:!III'lediatel;j,. In it , he told :Ia:::t he ha~ arrived in Gibraltar and aked. him to 11take steps to broadcast my order cf the das for c.11 French :-:or~h Africa . 11 After the ill-ctarred conf renc e , the French 6 ener 1 ,,as re::ii~dcd tlw. t the mes::&cc had been dis.atched six hours previously. Generr 1 ::isenhov.er as 1wd him if he ,. anted to recall it . Giraud thei: dictated anothPr nessage to rast : "If rroclamation has not yet gone ol'..t do not ~ t,blish it . " flm,ever , this messa.::e co-..:1-: not be sent beca'1so +,he receivi!lg station i::-as not on the i:..ir. Lt oroo today , two hours after the assa1.,.1t , contact still hadn ' t be established ! Ciral,d ' ::: . ,roclP.:::a.ti"n ::mst hs.ve gone thr01.1t,h! 0 ( vess since 0 : rr.port is r,::,ceived that the shiI the Brilliant su."lk v:as the FrRnch escort La "urprise . The Eastern J\Taval Task Force sends in the first long report the o1 1eration stc.rted 11 hO\.:rs ago . It reads : "Priendl~• reception at Sidi ·, , ,· -· . -·ee, - f.l = ~=·• \ �( Fe r ri :ch . I,andings on Lp~ les , Beer , Char lie ( the code na'lles for the thr ee beaches ',ihere Ryder I s forc,.,s assaulted) sectors . Pro 6 r E'::. 0 r.i th delaJ . Land~il~ 1echsin anical transports at Beer due to defect in I-ms Ennerdale . T"'eather call:' . Local fog . fhipping closP ir.shore at all se:ctors . •:o enemy air at tack ~•9t . CarrLr aircraft operatir.:; . P-w-pose not cm.r.,letcd . '!"'.S rrokc.. (destroyer in ;.;pecial harbor assau l t) in harbor at 0615 . landed troops , \:.,nco·.mtered resistac1ce , r..o uC1.,ttleJ . (mea.l'ling none of the shi s moor ed in Jllgiers harbor \'lere scuttled) . One French subr.1arine left harbor dived in bay . Aircraft attacked . No hits . ;!"o bombardrrent called for . 0.m casualties : K~S t:alcoL'! boiler hit , can steam 14 lmots closed . No enemy mines f01.i...-1d.'aison Blanche (airport) • ca.:,turecl." Comnrunication \7ith the Algiers force is good . One radio r eports : "Dana.Ge South ~:ati neglibible . Our troops cannot enter •rorth . Can bo m bing support be Given on West Mati time required 1300 hours . Confirm . " Giraud has come around l He is going to cooperate and go into French :1orth Africa ! ! This res~lts from the t~o hour conference Generals Eisenho~er and Clark had n-ith hi.n at Government House from 1050 to 1250 . The follov:ing cab l e is dispatched to '.1u:rhy : "After convs>rsations ... he~e v,ith Kingpin , we are in cor1plete ag r eement. Desire that French aircraft previously r equested be sent to Gibraltar i"i thout dela; to take him to Algiers . Acvise ti':le of arrival and type of • ,lane . " It looks as though General Clark doped it out right . Giraud ~as stall:ng for ti,ne to s e hov, successful the attack last night v:as going to be . The follo\n.ng situation re~crt has just been received from the East~rn Task Force . It is now exactly 12 hours since TOPCHbet;an . 111.Lth Brigade have Fo"l.Jca , Kolea and Castiglione . Advanced t r oops on Kolea .,..- lida road . ' :aison Blanche B aerodrome captured . 1:atefor battery negotiating truce . No further nei;;s of Beer landing . 11 / The following cable is sent to the Combined Chiefs of Staff in ~ashington re garding Gir aud . "Have j ust c on c luded gent l emens agreement vTith Kingpin that is entirely acceptable to me and is fully compatible TTith my direct subordination to the Combined Chiefs of Staff . The basis of the agre,ment is exact l y what I offered Kingp i n throughout the long con:ference of yesterday . I recogn.:.ze him as the leader m' the effort to prevent Axis aggression in North Africa , the Commander in Chief of all French forces in the region and the governor of the area . As Com:iander-in-Chief of the Allied America.'1 British forces I will cooperate r:i th him to the fulle..:t possible extent and rill ,;or~c in closest collaboration =ith hi m1 "No later than t cmor ro\'.r Kingpin will l"'ave for J.~rica to do his ut nost to stop a l 1 resistance to ..i.s and to begin organizing the French forces for e;arloyment against the ~~is . ~bile there will u..l'ldoubtcdly be future difficulties because of personalit;r I an confident that t' i.., agreement represents a great step in adva'1cing our interests here a.l'ld a:n truly delight~d that r:e \7ere able to bring it about . "Present at the final conference v,ere General Clark , ".dmiral Cunningha.1 , r eneral •ta cFar lane and the Co:m:iandF>r-in-Chief ." ( FolloVTing n.rc the notes General Clark w.de during th9 successf1.,l C'ir'tud conference at Government '-l"o:.1Se 11'-Tothing to do with Fizhtin:; : FrJnch .• ,u,c;;prvsents 1 :ian v110 defends Fr ench ·forth LfrLca •• •Does not ':ant to co::i.':land ia Lib.,ra .. . Set up small 'J.S . -Frcn ch-British gener3.l head'-1'..larters ••. =ants lac"' for qu.:.ck victory-no unity of cor1:1and, but b;r cooperation •.. Set up Ciraud as C-in-C \ 1 . A. and Gov . and Ike as C-in-C A. Force to cone to supr,ort hi';! in his gre·:t effort , 0tc ., ,ill '!looperate but not u..Yid'"'r his co:n."land• • ,V-ould not press joint control early--18 hou~s-8 days , etc - -it 1 s pr inciple onlv strivi s for ••. Gom:u..nder of forces in .. ~ECR .--E~ T ' •ii \ �:, _et· ET~ rs ( i'1 battle should be m.n on ground v,ho ho.s! D'eat6..,t :-1.eans (;;&.1.1eral ::tateCTent), however in great battle i'or defense of NL altl 11"111;h . S. troop.., c.re b1.;.ll: ,-ould not insist T" , on ,, . ~. co:, &.'11 but i'muld wark on basis of coope ation ... 1<ingpin ,-ants to kl.1or: , ho'n' this cooperat_;_on would be obtained , by ,;;hL.t sta::f procedure •• . ~e ent , small battle-one com.!'.nnd grand bnttle--cooperati'le ; co r.i.:.1and Lots of brief lies a.head-••• ~ sa 10 as a half' interest in a i"'ife . Ike uill run out on me and l eave me sleeping I).~' ( 6 :7i t 11 this bi;; Fr og .• . 1~1)..in a;;reeraent--:::;ome minor adju1::tments to w.ke- - ::nentioned h~s siLlilar sct-'p--f.ingpin a..'1dgovcrn~nt in Bel 6 iu:.1; look at rcwll.ltsl •.• Leader ~O~ ~~ of effort to fr ee Africa and save France . T'le hcl by coope"ation . 11 At 14 1 5, General Cla.r': returns to C'ovar:i=1ent House to r est . -Since r.eneral Cl:::r 1 : gave u~ h..:.s roo!:l to Genaral Gir:mrl , he has ~ o bed. '{e ' s 6 oing to trade off wit'"l General Eisenhower in using Genera.l Tke ' s bed. "'he 6 ~nera.l 7,ill take tbe ni1:;ht trick in the tun.,el if nothin.., unforseen happens . 'mother review of situation goes out to the Co1..tbined Chif'fs of Staff . It d -a.ls r .:..x.rily th the l?.ck of · ne,s from the '"':estern Task Force . Only t,.,;o r eports have be '. r eceived . The latest m is that the landing at Fedala 17as proceeding v,..:.t'-1 littl~ rc.Gista...'1cc and that batteries on Chir1vi Point has been silenced . Tafaraoui airfield , the importa~t base near Oran , has j u..,t berm ca: Jtured . Twenty four fritfires are dL .atched , with kraerican pilots , for the airdrome . Gibraltar airport is thinning out some··,hat as plcnes , piloted for the ~ost part by .t'...nericans , clear out for the three attacked areas • The vreather is bad , rainy ,;i th a little ::og and a lm'! c e ilin.; . v,l The Orc.n force sends in a sparkling report at 1500, Tt reads : "1 6 CT (combat tea~) has reachPd Tc_ 'acta on "Sast and holds Fl:::lr"".S on South, little or:i osit.:.on . .... 18 CT approaching nt . Clo-:.d . French fightlnr; dela:,ri:::ig action . 26 CT he.::; captured .tin-el-Turk • .4.r_rnored col:!bat com.1a.>1derB has captured and reduced Tc.faraoui itirfield . The cooperation and sc1 ::,ort furnished by Com .odore Troubridge and "Ro;:ral ~favy has been splendid. The TT. S . .il.rhiy and the Ro:·al :Iavy are going to _ton1 . 11 At 1642 this report coirre., from the "Sa.stern T'orce : 11Friendly reception Ap. le Beer beaches particularly such opposition mostly naval. Part sixth Cornandos landed near Admir~lty bJ misto.ke two landing craft destroyed atte~pting to reach proper beach . Casualties not knom1 . They are no,: containing Pear . Broka got thro·cigh (garb or) boom to dock b1:..t 'la.lcolm r.as sev rely da.:ia ed by coast defenses casuL.ltiAs U.s . troops one officer 10 :1en dead . Thirteen seriously i:::ijured . '.':ati batteries subjected to naval bombardment . Nord bombed but has not surrendered . Pec:.r-:mir-1,rca cont_~nues to resist . Third btn 59 ::neeting resistance at Fort De r~eau . Three tanks encountered damaging some of our trucks . Air re orts ne 5ativc on da~age to r oa ds and bridges . Petrol dump at La Chiffa. appears OK One Vichy . plane shot dovm. at Elida early but later reception friendly , Blic1.t.. and Yiaison Blanch e captured and ready for planes . 11 0 The battalion of the 59th that •·.as a.board the torpedoe Thomas Stone and whlch decided to try and go 150 miles to shore nnd land as best theJ could , has l anded t TheJ ~ere accompanied by one destroyer . The daredevi l combat tea~ bot wet and a couple of boats capsized but they ca::ic through to ef~ect a successful b_nding sor.:."' dista..vice west of Algiers . There are no details . The "'estern Task Force finally makes a fairly cqmplete report. It follo11s: All assault waves succeeded in landing . Safi port and town captured by assault . 'Ieav-.:r art.:.llery fir"!d from shore batter .I.es against coverning forc particularly after caylight . Again , landing forces overcame (the batteries) . Jatterie · Fedala silenced . :,aval sortie searchinb fro,.1 2 crt.is ~r& destro:yers and 8/ ' 1 s . ]eavy naval engagement still in progress . T-Iostile AA fire has ceased at Fed,.lc •• Al 1 assault troops ashore at Lyautey • •• 11 11 0 ~ECRET �General Clark returns to hi..:, 1J 'f1d,.,.r-tr la-Ilock head 4 uarters at 202"i. He has slept four hours and pl:1.."'lges tac'c i h to his TTork with zest. :he situation has becor.i.e quieter s::.nce dark and fe,:er cables a:;:e co,.1ine in. Lt 2110 LTJcric&.n and British ne~spapermen assigned to Allied Force Hea,quarters troop into the eeneral office . They are nev;s hungry so General C1ark has a 6reed to tell them that the advance headqu.arters is moving up to Al 6 iers to:aorrow . Then he 0..-::plains the inclusion of [iiraud in the North !c.frican plans and pro,ni;:,es that a cor:uunique concerning Gira. 1d 1 ,ill be released tomorro1. • ':aj or Ph.i.lli •.,s the:1 revails on the general to tell the story of his Nort.h . ...frican esca]:-ladc via plan-submarine-falbot and flyini; boat . F' '.ile the newsmen chuck.le , and General Clar'c la1.. 1[;}1s too as he tells it , the story of the r.:ast conversations is pieced to.;ether . It nill be rel~ased at a later date , probably soon after the f'ira1.1d story co.Jr--s out . In the midst of the press conferencb , Ceneral Chrk ' s phone rings . ;.rter tal 1cing for a few moments , he tells the nm:s,ncn the biggest ne,:s of TORCH to datG . 's 1 Algiers has surrenderP.d ! '!'his is the text of Generu.l Rycer 1 s r.iessage : 11 French authorities ceased firin..; at conclusion of conference . ¥'e occupied city starting 1900Z 8th . All firing must cease our side . r·e ,:ill occupy uL. fortificat.!..ons in h<i.rbor starting dm·m to,.1orro ' . 11 The nei:s is flashed to the United States and the rest of the rrnrld b;r the th ee news ag ncie::,-A? , "'P and nm. The conference ends when Gimeral ·~ason-'.acFarlane .ticks his hEad in the door . Genera] .. Clark had. asked the Governor of Gibraltar to hc.ve a h"lart-to-hca.rt talk with his 6 uest--C'eneral Gir0.ud - -tonight after dinner and ':ason- :acFarlane has come to report . r.eneral Clark probably will confer in Algiers toL1orro,; with Ad.'!L.ral Darlan . 1e wanted to have Cirauc' som1ded out on :1hat would be his attitude if Darle..n r:nnc brcr~ ht into the picture in excha.~g~ for turning over the FTench fleet . lason-::acFarlane sa:,--s that Giraud grudgingly said a place might be found for Darlan if such a prize as the fleet could be obtained but that he (Giraud) hasn ' t much faith or a great deal of regard for Darla.~ . P.fter this conference , Gene,..al Cl.e.rk , who probably ,1ill n.ke off c.bout 0900 tomorrow· for , lsiers, v::.a Oran, goes back to Government House for the ni~ht. 1 0 ~ r''"'"''RJ ~-.'"'-_";_ er~...,,.., :i::-F , "'.".--~h ..,.i.t a~ion • ~ de•. r • d sai .:....,f~ -~v= ctor•: :-- v"' · nt+c .. t' a_ a... tici~ c:t ---.1 rs. l'b. C i. .....r' ; tr'.l e. d .., :· 1 [..~ d nen 'le r turrr~ : t 0900 to i::: offic t .1 .... +:. :::.::..!:! ..;:.onJ ::.. ric-r of 1 :' r:::,:::t&.r. •.-::, 11 ,... (' --est 0 r .. Tes!: Force he.::: E'fO.,,.t<'d t:.[,t c..a "Si.~V'):C: :::..1cc~ JP,d in ........ '-'' II T e >r'i •'lerican •av: i::: sti l fi .t~ n1-.,the Fr .. c. ·• -'r.1- off' J le ·.tr:: c.nd :... _::.r::: to b •• do· r, E'.~c · · P.?:.t -;/. Tn the center, · t 0r • , + e thr .... cc ·b::i.t t s. ::: of t· e 1st c n·,_-,;_~.:..o~·r drivin· fo:c-·:::.rc. st::.c.:li: e-.· t .r.:.. :i co1:..l of 'i\f&r:101.:.::. &irfiPld. h:...:: be€ r •o.c 1<>d r.tl t.::..':en•• Th re;:-.:..:: ::til. no ' 0rd fro. t c r,aratroors Lt "ran 'ut c.ir obs£r,·1.1.tir-n s o s 30 o.la'18::: -rou .ded o•• t 1e n :-re cf b. dr~· lo. ·c .::..b0~-t. 20 .:..· "'S c st of Ora: •• Ti11::re i:: :.o .::..ctivitJ c.b".:.t th'"' pkn..,s bu.-i-tra.c 'C ~::. ..:..n~c..-, .1 cu, J;:,t t : ra-i-roo.s he.ve ceen pie cd up by tr.:;.n·.0rt.::..ti ~ of one of our c .. bc..J~ tea";::. ':'l".l zit-..:t:...t'on at :U"'ier~ is exec J.ent 'i+ t.c Or!:• he:vy op_0s:.ti n co::'.in fro tl c co' st2. batteries in Al;ier::: baJ. 1 0 !101·1 t e hi •n g~ound i 'Slci.:i.c.t y est of .. lgi'.:'r • Thero h:::.s b s.xrc,r'ic ~tre0t fi ,.ti..c:, Qenerr.. Cl r r:..s ,00d cc.use to be satisfied.. i-!i:: r c i tico-~i itarr tr i. t0 .. icr.s h~~ • u:..: ;.• ic c.iv .i.rlen ·:::--rr> ist.::.,1c0 1:.. been li-:7ht. J 0 r I' n r ~ r-irc:ucl has t::.k •! off MCR.,Eftr -1;,!iis 1~1:-:;.i.er~. "e!l-:::r 1 CJ. ..r: .:..lJ ~~~d:;J!:,:;;f :;;f.I,:· ' '. �cont ·nue the conferences -;it'. the Frec-.ch ge •.erc.: at the l' L~ierian capita~~ . 1'.fte r coing through the ~c.r y rr;or!'ling rerorts [.lld holding a fina:;. c onference v.ith Generu. :Cisenho':·er , Gcnor'll C~~crk goes to Govcrn.'ner.t Fouse o.nd pac~cs . Fol oning a quic~~ trip back to the tunnel fo r docu.-nents , the genera.I drives to Cibraltar aircl.ro:ie , i...r iving there at l0S8 ; Eefore tr..e t\,o planes t: ....t a.~e L •·in~; the .Alz;.or.:.ca.1.;:. the advance headei_·.a.rters t.o :.l.;iers of c:..re loaded , t:1e ;~._,-t er ho.s .. closed in . Al1 i'"'.l,:nediate tc.i.kPoff ii:: i~,o...,~ib-e so , after r1oto<;ra 1 hs of t,._,e r;enera ... have been taken b side t.r1e 11R8d Gremlin ," the pc.rty goes to an R . . F . Nissen hut for lunch . The ,· e.athe r is still nasty but it is deciaed to to.ke off to assure reaching Algiers before dark . The "Red Gre□J.i,1 , 11 wit:1 Ge.:1er 1 Cl&.rk, Co:: :odor Diel· , Colone '.Tol ,e,:,, rfajor ~Teacha-,, Liet·tenb.Ilts Bear ch-ood and 1erril1 , and Stc:.~f Serzeart C.1a. E::, 1:..s passe.nzt.rc , takes off from Gibra.2..tar" at 1239 . It .:.s fol J.o·:red bJ the "Boo:acrf.n;:,11 and ;:;evcrel S_itf.:.res . Over t:10 "editerr:.nes.n e , the t··o F..1.y..l.n__, fortres::es and their 13 escor+ in_; f.:.c.,:nte s rendezvous and sti..r" for !.lgiers . ':'he r:roup flies r from 50Jtto 70J f e<=>t v:-ith eieht Spits on the , frica side and five, on the north flank . The n o::iera:.;_, is so close i.e can si,e the ,.•ilots and !_:.7.ll1IlersCeneral . Clark op8ns the panel top over the radio room and , in go;; les an:? ht.let , sticks his heac_ out . to watch the f J.ieht . ~ e ar.., buckL.g a strone head\iind , the sea is cha py and we are fl.ying t1:irou1,:1 br oke CJ.cuds . 0 ( ( 1.t 1519 Africa is sighted on the starborad front quarter . rre are soon over a rt.cn;;e of brov,n , barren hills . A coasta fo;:; S':"'"'eps in and the t,10 bo bers and I:: fi__,!1te s sxi " over the cu~ .mlus . At .1-542 al of the S it'.: but one fa:'..J. a1my , to lool:: for la!1ding places . '.!:'hey a e runnings ort on 1:;as. Algiers , a nass of rrhi te buildings huddled a l ong a. crescen+ -st.aped ba,; , is siehted at 1.605 . The fo:; has disappeared . At 1614 we are over !~aison '"'lanche airport . "'he S:~it are landing so the t\10 bomber s , with hours of gas left , circle t:1e lar ..;e, planefilled field . ,~t 1652 v·e stLrt i:i. for our lanr'in~ , t::ie "Boomerang" ctil. circling so it can follow us in . Just &.s we are ,.:;::.iding in vre are informed thD.t German pl::.nes are ir. the vicinity and that as so"n as the s 1 i:r, sto~s rol. ing we are to get out &ntl find cover - - l eave the barzage and ersonu::. equip~ent . The pas sense s and crew quit the 11Red Grl-.nlin II quickly . Overhea · , flying in echelon , are 12 planes - -Geroar. Junkers 88s . Instead of r unning to cove r rre walk across t ..e field , heads t i~ ed back , ,.. tching tLe planes ,,\ic. have alread;,, crosse~ the field at about 6 , 0_,Q feet . i:-·e can hear tbe po□ o:ns thlt - thu.rJr,ing fro:.~ the shi ,_.s in the ha r t or . ls we fle,· over ue ,oted how cro 1·rded the harbor was with no.val and coIDiercial craft . Soon the uck ack is puf. ine black bc..lJ.s 011m pl.:m0s . around the (°}er· They break formation and start diving for the hr.bbor . Tvrn appear to have been hit . ::e·:t comes the dull punz of bo::!bs . "eneral Cl.: rk a:1d his party ar- stil" stand:.r:.g in the open vmtching . The ack ack is still going up as thP- · p&rt:r gets into British Bren gun carriers t,o start the ,trip into Algiers . ·•e1::1, hi le , Spitfires have been ro&.ring off 'raison Blancl 1 e in pt.ruist of the Germans . Just as the Bren gwt carr--iers a.re abo-nt to start , r'-enera. Ch.rk standing up in t:.s front of the fir ..t carrier , one of the J u.nkers , a.i,crPntl.,· crit ... by flak , is just south of the ~i-rdromr> •·ith two Spits on its -UU:. The ler· t. Americe.ns and Br i tis on the ground are cheerin;; and s 1outing as the lead Spit closes the gar between itself a.nc"'the C'er:1a.1 plane . Soon it is :firing , fir::. t from direct y behind the Junkers ' tail and then co:ning up under its bely , The plane I s notors begin s:,noking . ~ean,:.ile , all the ground 0-uns hr.ve opened ur on the G';)rman. The c.ir i f ful ~ of flak anc' t y,acer bullets . T'1e Junkel's is t\.rough . The Spits fall av'ay anq i11 search of other :rrey . Bvt the fire from the ground go ·~_ CR8 . E ~: .. ~k:'''~" �continues . rrhe J ankers is c irc ling the field . A..__.rently i t i s go i n:; to tr;,, and c land 0:1. 1.:a.i.son BlanchA ! ..... ecause of the int"nsi t: of [;round fi r e it can I i., . Tt cr ashes about ha..:..f a ::iiiie f ro12 the field , se:1.di.1_; up _:reat columns of dust . The caravan headed by Gener 2.l Clark heads f or Alg i ers . German planes are still bombing the harbor . A solid v,al .J. of ack - ack fire i s bc:in;:: _ut up . The orgng e balls of f ire lor,k li ke strings of de c o:-&.t ve lights . Gener al Cl- r k &r1' hi.:, pa r ty have i ...lun_;<>d f ro 1 a q 1iet rout i ne f i ght into t.1e thic 1~ of enemy a ction . C'uns are bon lni ng on al sic es and occ asio nally there is t 1,e ift m:,,,ing of bo 1b., landln:; . J ust u as t}1e Caro.van i s c:oine alongside the airdro:Je , a stick of th r ee bo:nbs f alls on t' ,e field , one of them 100 feet frcm the 11Red Cr em...in ' s 11 tail ! Abo·1t half\:ay into .Algiers , a Cer::1an lane di r ec t J over the hec.ds of General CL. r k ' s c onvoy i s hit b.r fl ak . It beg i ns to burn , shouinc a dull _:low i n the f ast-darken i UG sky . I t pl~ts r'o":m from abou t 4 , 0JO f eet . The Junkers is heaQed directly toward our l in e of five Br en gun c ar ri er s . Legs ar e alre~dy over the side of the carriers and eyes are look i ng f or c ove r hen -bhe J,m'-ers eY1Jlodes at abou t 1, 0 JO feet . I t ... fs into p i ec es wi t h a bl i nding f l ash . The uf r ear half of the fu s ela g e tr:ists gr otes q_ely doffm, burning b r ight l',Y The r est u , of it plunc;es st r a i gb.t do>:m None of th,, Cerme.ns has esc"",Jed . The v-rec1<a.~e b.:::ids . abo.1.t a quarter of a _,L.e f r o:n the Cl .r :,Cconvoy . The C'a ,P-e.l or ders the carrie r s to pr oceed ancl th9 convey moves on th r ough flocks of A abs w o are fleeinJ r A..1.gle s r wi t:1 a fm bclongL1.:;s on thei r ba cks . The pa r ty goes to t he Betel St . Geor ge . 'l'he mim:te the general gets into the lobb~r of the big hotel over l ookin. the harbo r he finds that all is not v1el in Algiers . The armistice is on an::' .·,l gie r s i s mor e or less peacefu l but the ol d question of c om Je.nd L.nd the ·rivo. lr y bet·,.een Gir aud and Dar l an , 1•;11.o in Algiers , has come t'P • 'T'he FrPnch11en hc.v,., been clamo ris in_, for !)roml~e,s . r'9neral R:·der 'l.&.c stallccd t. e :1 off as best he co ld ··er.c:.:..n General Clark I s arriva l. R~rdor, hag~ard and er.:...:i , t~r:-is the t r ,:d0us task ove r to r,ene r ;_,:;_ Clerk . Before ea.t:.n., a ve r y late dinn9 r, the "sfn.'.t~· Co. :::.:1.a.cr-in-Ci1ief holds a conference at v.hich the c-i.;.rrent si tuution is sketched for him . He then a.rran. es a conferenc:i ,,ith Admiral DarlLm , (;eneral Juin , 1 'D'.irc.l Fim. ard and othe r Fr~nch officers tomorro~ . They ref~se to have Giraud ; r ~c-nt . ~he c.:..t~ation is extremely co:1plicated and filled Y,ith potential dyna'.:lite . Gener · 1 CL...rk ' s only c o:n:1ent :;hen he r eturns 1 to his 11 T"h"'- t a ness ! '"1y so l die:!:'s h_.ve to get in things to be f0ucht -- r!od it ' s a,;ful ! ! 11 room is : l ike this when there are i'/a.rs Beca 11 se of the tense s it uation , c~ l onel Slocum holc;s a secret meeting ,.ith the off i cers co::!1 i.sing hea('y_uarters :r e.nd instrvcts tl.en to r emain in the hotel an'.i kee1 th'3 i r thin;;s pac':ed for r q· i d mov9me:.t until further ord rs . No one is to go out unarmed . Late r , Lieutemint Bea:---d,,·oodreturns to 1aison Bla.ncno airport fo r ba.:;_,age and learns t' at the Junke r s that era.shed near t':1e field did not c :-tch f i r e and that a l l four 1embers of the ere , ere taken I risoner . nne suff"rec a. br ken leg . T:1e plane cane here from Si c il.- to bo::ib shi • • i:.1,Z L. t' e ...ort of ~• -, ., H '.LGIPQC' W'V"' 'P'.E _._n "• 2--Gene c.l Cls.r k I s current , , job is al .ost entir"ly political. : 1 ric ..!,s t r o":i:,s, - ·'l't so!!le British , ar co,:s("I · dat i n _. t emselves .:.n the Algiers region . /lthour1i. there h:..:: be ~1 no armi:::J ic0 at Oran , the f ighting has virutally ceased . At .,abat-Sale-Lyautey , ho,·,ever , r<eneral p~ tt on 1 ~ fore i.:; ttil i meet.:.n_; s01ne resistance b'.lt the:· situ,.tion . l".c,ner~, Cl r 1- Is ai:r. 0 i£e1 e· t �· (EQUAL ( 1 CR,EI ~ .. i~~~pWlt: RET is to end--throur-h aE,Teement .-::.th th~ French--all fightinu in :"rench ''.orocco anc ) :.l~erio. so t'1at :::lritish and Arriericar. troor ~ can • ush ea t to get into 'l'uni:3ia c..1d, .. flYent,!c.l , co!!!c::, to ~ips v-i th th€:' Pocho • . ith t:1is in i:1inc:' the lan\r fur.vric&n Gen"r 1 , '1OrP ,rim - faced thc.n f"'"TCr ' ' .zets o-1t of ' is ba"!,tlr .::r ss and in-Lo h::.s bi=::st dr :: to nert D.:::.rl~.n.:::.ndhi:::: co.-1.fidar.t::::. ThP --~tin. is n-:.F :._n cc ~m~-1~ roo-1 of±: the foy r of th<- s: . 0.eorc~ hot 1 • .I.'or 0ff0c+ , rpn,:;ral Clark has ovsr a ,. l~ +,o">n of inf[ ntryr.1en outs · de the hot0l. rr11,3roorr 100\:2 o't!t on _ pe&ceful g&rd<-. , filled v1ith flm ~rs anC palm tre:"s . 'T'1e conference roon: is in direct con.,-r ..,t . Th0:r-=-i: ~ strc.ined fc lin~ . 0 er -rc'l r 1 -r 1{ cits at the hec:.d of tho table . On hi;:; left is /.dmirc..~ Darhn; on his ri_;ht , 0 eneral J'.in . /lso rrcsent '.r"' 'r . ''.l.T ...1-lJ, v'.o i to a'":t as inter~rE'tPr ; Cnlonel Holm.es, C.s. tain 1-:-ri;ht , Com odore "ick , Lie rtcnant 3eardro"d .. and +te follm in: I're ••c,. o:"ficers in i; -'_+ion to "'arlan : 'avy--l7ice Admir"l d 1 "sc· :fro 1oreu.u, :.'.ariti .. corr;:..nc":r of the ~th re ion ; \'ice ;.d::iira..,_ Fen2 ..:--d lf: , socr"t~_ry-:;'"ln"'r:tl of +he North African govcrn"lent ; Rear.::Ad irs.l Dut-1·,e ➔ , f of cabin t +<' T''lrJ _n; q..,o_r ~'\.d::iirr.l Fcboul ""'c+or ::::lerl'oz , c ief of st.s.:f of t1,-.o J1t:, ..Lriti·'e r_,;i".1 ; _..;::;:,r--G"'neral Jl'i:i:., co"! ·nd r - in-chief 0f forc':'s in l'lorth ..!'..fric ; 0 -en<.:r 1 V,::o , com :.ncer of t' e 1°t':1 '1i.itnry ltz re: .. -,n; rr-neral ) de Brie· dP '.::t>·rc: Chief of :t ... z., ff to r.er.. r·1l Juin ; ir - -"'-sn~ru: ,, n'.i.;<"l , ~1_pe:r .i.or Co 1 .a:Yl: :1t of Air .;n ]'forth Africa . m11eFrench o.v,., 1. sl:'.al ww::.r: of honor .:..n t·1, cou nt~•ard . The 1TI.eeting starts at 08S5 . Darlan is a ::;tub1 ~· , :iart•y-bsld "l&n , it¾ lizht , -mtery-lookin~ e:;•es . Hii: !:i".n:· ,..,. is friendJ:• . /. t' confP-rt" , i:.Ll',r'l_in::; th" Deputy Cou.::umdcr-_:_n Chj ::, c.rc ~a-:..: r:eneral Clarl~ ti:fS.s -~c 'r . 7)(,.,~c; . r·., 0 ..,,_ , c1n t o .... ~ira 1 Dar 1an t,._ nt:)cessiv~' o +' co~irJ.; _,;._~a..::...0.1,t! o• .,_hS'1l';. ~d .· ·+ · • ' · ' 1 ,'t{ ·""::l.J. .. 1~e ... ~.,. -...8 h:1vc ·:ork tri :,. to m~et the corn-~on 0ne..,- . T::; he re~d:· to ar:,iistice? rt ,:ill cov-:r e_l] French !forth J~frlcc... It ic 0scE:~tia: +r~ut -,te stop thio ~ &stc of ti"'~--- a.1d blcod . I ... JO;u~ --I . T'".3 ::;i rn +,h: tor-:1s of the 0 '.'.)c.rlen T ::.n-::: r .. ::,u-:ic of th,.., o.r.:_i:::t::.cc t;;r ..s to Viel-:.,; . L:-·,c.l n ..:: ubs:-nt from '!idh:· , "'here ,,_;_11be no :r-;;rl~· ...nt_;_-,4:-h, r,,..,'::1cil of :·.1.nl::t rs me:t::i thi.., afternoon . Clark TJo yo-:.:.und ·ri::t&nd that diI lo_:m.+ rela-'- ions bstv,c-en F:.c..nce and the le Tnit c:.ftates he.v~ uee::1 brobn off it'l"!! the ...a.t 24 hou~,:.,, narlan "'1'er i.., no official stc..tc'llent or conf.:.r'.TI&tlnn of this ru_ tt 1r, bi...t I ,·ant to ::::eJ hostilities storired us cron .:..., ...ossible. I hLve been cive::1 ::tr ict ord.e.,,::: to enter i~~t o :10 ::1 got in ti,..,ns unti T h:....verccc:'.. ved orc<ers fro .._ n tail". or the C 11::i.ci of ini -ters. ; ... 1 J a::,soci +,(,::;~nd I fe ho:::ti iti~::: t.r~ fruitl~~.., . Clark I am n ~otiatin~ I am not rer~red .i.·~h you &.:::co. 'ill ~~r of t ·v· troo _1~ on the- £..Tou.nd . ncr do I pro ...ose to a,c.it anu• furt' r · ord from Vid1· , Darl:::.n f. ~ Clark I rant to 6ovrrn':'.ent. 1 !!!&. s:e it clec.r I c&.n simply t:.G.t I a.'ll nc-t r.cre i!l c.. cs. .. acity obey the ordorr of P,tain. Thrn I ;-•ill h:-ve -i;o br,.,u 1• of::: ::l"'zotia.-i;lon::, and dcc.1 , lt!. wl o cu.n act . . : - - ·c ···•,., , -:-· RG'!';;r ,~~ " .. . . of the FrE.nch s0 one �9Y f) DJ\:l. .A·: Tt i::. ,. to you to ·:.,"' ,' c.t v .,,, · "'' ••..., n ce,_,~~:·;; '~ Vou h&.ve .Jhe guarc:?::.tee of secu vit.,r here in JJ.,,ien: . - "~iors ('PnK : hC 1~ed Vic· :r to c i ve Vh&.t ynu • ro . oce ic not thirt:r i..., th:::.n t .c-.J• ~i l ·' e fr:-, cl. tr'"'" .•~ t' rou.i '.:,o ..,~ct our co .. on e. ae' y ? resist I },Qve T-' e ""_ • 02 .... ible . c.. s er -'-o y ·ur to:c. I · i" l en· t L ~ Le ::;c"n coni'er"'ncc &.f in r:ir:.utes . I uncersta ._ 'f, d ·· hat l c.s ha:;-. encd . .. . ....! <., 'l'hi;.. ;i:, im.o::; i 1 ~.o. It ':i l '"' c"..lstor";;· I hoxe you u.nC:erctc..!•~· . • ,... 1n1 : ... ~ e,t;c~+8 '.,it 1 GO .en~.!.E: . n co,...sr.r., ...0 re'l, in .,·0..1 in . :co.Jectocl e '."'ust ·1ove ec:.;::+ I _1,....0,_,c· , to '1 C[ ..... i ~~U.C' orr'cr~ :,0 + 1.,,, J..r J. • -3 C~ .- ~ro1,1 not t&.ke +' o ~'lr.:e ::., . s as you have tt..ke1:. hsrP ,.i t' 1 out +he a •.•,.cova2. te of Vi c:·,y? 17hy cau I t ;;•0u c~o the same thing i n ot:.er pc. t::.. of :~orth .P.:fric a . DART fl\J: ) rnhe sttua· ' ion i s (if.'.:'erent . CI /\BY: rhat 6.. c·· er c'o you ex . e,ct to '--'et fro!!'. Vichy in vie•. r,f re latio •. ::.. 'Z o"' t • ~evcrc .. co I'ARLAJ• I am c.,iv.:;.n Pek.in ,,,~-o,rin i c::,. th ..t it L st:; .,L' ·' o co .-:·· inue : 0 '10:::ti .i+ i es i,,.,r • I urGed e..cce. ta. ce of ,. e tormc . 1 a confident tbat Pet2,in v:i 11 2.grec . CIAHK: That is fine , but do ~·ou U11.derstc.nd t · at ,-e cam.ct sF : ere , h i lc [;C'vcrn.":le. a r e &.nc. :-::ni ::;ter ·s cebc .. ? If t::; i te :.,'~e !..ci1dr::.:. ·::i 11 :1ot iss u e inc· ' ruct · ons for tre cessation of ';.ostilit i :cs, I 1.--ill ~o to Gener.,..l Girt.tc' . T.re il 1 ci ..,IT. the ter~Js o.,... i~sue t '1e necessar~T orderc . r_d DLn I a .. not cert-1,;. n the tro r-s ..i" l obe;r , mhi::: . il " 1 l os., r,f 1ere tL.e &ml -~her ',.i ' e rinre :iuht i nu. .fl;.T: 0r..ly ...e .n th f.re you so ::'Te of t e decision fror.1 1ich:· ? Petctin 11.ac :: read:• i.r.forncc1. Pre::.i20nt ....,or scvclt tb.at he co.1::-,ir·ers our l1,;.n:i.n_ a_, res;:,ion . ,.: If ~•ru ti.ink Pete.in ·,.i 1 agree ':'.ith you thc..t ho:::·'ilit i , nm:::t cease '\'by c&.nI t JOU i ssue that orc'.cr no· ? C ~,,ll' : DLPLli.lT : I c£..11 + as::,wc 1 in the i. 1eciate ·':ie re:: o.1s1.o:.. i t for ::..uch &i.1 orr'cr . It -:ruld occ·: . c.ticn of Southern_ I".cv,nce by the Ger11.~rns . r...,LU t CTARK: --re a l agr c concer'1i1:. 6 t 1e 6-r 0.t d2.neer of .J: e occu . a· ion of Souttcrn France , but it v:il] r.ot be becc.use of -i:.:1is order . r· at you are doine no,: "!Cc:,n.srr:ore kL:.. ing of French and .lbericans . I J. resu:::c you ':nm· t'· at Oran is alread;y in our honds . Thi:: all boils dm:n to one question . Are you going to :,le.y ith the Vich:T governr.ient or 0 0 0 1 0 �SECRET) ' ', ith us?? Clark+,-, , ien thi:: que::::ticn i. to 11 be al::r • t . 11) :::;. ·it to .\J.r _•.y for -- .:.nter,retr:.tion , Gen r:.l - DAF ,AN : I a sir~r:ly bcun" b:r c... oath of fie."' ii:y to tv, ·ar~ha:.. t o 0bcy i:::; orde ...... I C<.:.n 1 t tf:.kP t e re:: . onsiril i t.,r o-f: c.,ivin._, ~-· C' ·• • 0 c e' 0 hostil i ties . T" i:: i• i:l-,,. ti e ;1e.. l ean on our in c .i m t i cn s and not on ol.l!' oraG..~ • You "'re unr'°er c.. mim,,, tion . 1Ter is a o~. ori:uni ~ y for all Fl· •nc hr:1e::n ·e to ral y ~!ld , in t' e ...:.. . TTero i :s y0ur l"" c c.nce . r :::t CLARK: I a~ ' i lins t o send Ln ur · nt r ecsL 0 e to ..:2.r:::ha~ P8k, · 11, recorru en· ·. 1. c.n armi:::;ticc for A ~ic1 •s &n croc.:co . DAR JU•: 0 c r ARK : np:p ,A : You h::we &h ·eady done thc.t . I have not d; ne so in ::::. cific + er ns . ,..,LttJ'K: e ~~ven • t ti"'1' . T a. i.....c:..~~~ rt ...... f~irm. l~-- :"'r ... Lmn ---!1 u tc :1 1c A:1ericans n~Vtc '. e Sc.J':!eintE;rA..:t:::: at h &rt u.nd '1Ul'C fir•'1tinv 11;11onour~elv8s , 1.a.::,ting t.ine . I knm· that t c Ad ·r a l c •• +s--d e_ r'o in 1is hear"' - -to sto . t'1 i s f i chting betneer. our troc : . . c c,, , ant tc- do t·w s:..'Ile th i ne- [ nr' , e r-u::t cet r.n orricr for ce::cn.H"n of ostllii. i :: t i::; mor:1ing . ~ c :.~vc the m :::.ns. e Lav ,;_ , ;,._n i ce.. o.!"d Eritish tro -S ir.. French I:or,J.:.h Afri c a . ·re huve t e ::1 ·.1.s of ~c;t... i ng i.1. th.l rr:m c . ur .,r c.nc: mu.Y~~ t hi:: tLc b ...se from hi.ch i .e cc:m r; i nto i Frc.r-c e . fm±bi IJkm:zn;;:bn:n Ho . ...nybor'ly cm1 fc.il to jo i n u: in L-n v1 o eraticn that can ::i an i,. i b~rati n of Fr.::.nce is a"' .. in. t m., "nc!er~ tE. 1c.i.1 ·. DARUJ--l' I a co;11 1~tc Jin : . acc orc ~rit· l,,C t u:1til I hea1· fr'"'m Pct,.5n . ClA.;X : DAF Girc.ud ' ill ::::ien the ;-our 1,oint tcr. ::; of tl cf vL,, but I cti .L c ..... 1t ar•-.:i::::tico . !irnud hus no auttor i t~r i n orocco ·n r :;:rou s ..~ L .'-- la , hE:"re nn.rrez is i r.. c ~r._,e. ,.,,t' I \7('Ulc'l iJr 4 Vic y . f - ~: 1 j_:: i n c .•ur or in :1 :. ,..1c;: aoe to e cB.11 + ut u ~Ji,J-h ...c.y . e rc.ve see •• ' t r' 1ny ant b"'fore . :-ou into rot ct.iv cu. to-~This can•· ot ;:;o on . I '· i~l 'mve to tci: 1;it~1out co "'11.Ulic~tion. ··re ', i ll 'avo to do bu.in ~ 1itb .,_ e coum.nc. r,_, on t .. e _'!'ound . 'LA' ": 0 :!)J\RLA''T The c.r r :f is : e ~.i 1 ma! DA} JiJT: I st i 1 ni th it 1.s oas~· {"Uld :.. ke five i ':le, . l,,S • o. siblP "'li:::mt'.3s · ith !"'~ .,. ET) 0 - for ::h.f you . , :'or dLcucsion • �l /~ec_ :·· s _Et R (E lRMLl.l!?~~C~EY Q~::: ) ( C ARK : You undE"rst&ud +.l.t no ore i.., to cave h rE or coir'1.l.nicaticn \,ith c.n,,,,-on° out::;id9 , (.At t i· oint Cknc::.·al R;r· er ca me in to re. ort that at a cer•: E,:n barre.ckJ a ca. t&.ir:. ras ,:"ni::: to the CC' i·0 coz:!I'k,ndin_: and. "·o 1 1 hi t:.:..t c111.Lc v c s ['rmisticE" · s ~i/nec' the bsr""ack: ni J be bot1bc.d. Gcmer.:.l Clark scr.t :2y4 ::,r ~.:d a Fr'"'nC l :cn0n .. tC' c..irc•1c· t ic ,,u1, l;.o+' ti-" Fr nc~ e..d A.: ric,. .. i · commr...nL'cr (·~1i·~e .!'.dmirB.~ rarJ.r...n ::..nc':.it sto.ff ···ere ccnfcrrine . r'f"ncrE..::;_ Clc.rk ~-acr>c" anc1 qo ..m •the lobby of the St Geo::.·,se:fote • "'he other .America .• ·,:<ff";c ers cit"Jred. c:.bou".:, t'.e cr,v.rt.,· .rr +c .,., · :s·..ire t'1at no"o of ,,:'1e lr. rr_..cner, ·.. -:~.tout t'rou._;h tJ:.n ~ ir.C:.c·,;;,) i.t <'\" .. n: t e A!l':lric~n-French : confer~nce resumed.) 1·a11 :~ou e.cce. t t is ordc::-?( -,.., laic.' do•n a C".Y f it ,n t e kb --l, In s11bstance i:. S:'.i t .at the Jm:r-ric-1~ .i. l not t~ 1c .i~ r-t:.-fu::..al tc r c ,.;;.re G. 1 im ediut0 ur ictic , t K.t furtnP,r bat-' le ill bu f1-•if-, ess nr· ,_ .. t b or,c.. i· .l flo'7 . ·•") ~,.u,t::.. to t.81 ··.r,:1a~ F tB.in +iw.t as a re..,'l; 01 1:..,htin~ t 1 y ,~ou d • :::obab "',/ ~OS9 AfricE . He .m,ts to C"J' ::,n r\0st~ :.i, i 'E 1.. ·· t ~e c:..n at itur e of con . lP.to r.E.u-cr J.ity . ) l'.1'.RLAN : CIJ'.Rl( : ' ·it I -...~nt is orctrr;:; ·'o -~,c trr0.s . fo\..."'J.AN: 'J'he.1 I Tiill c.ss an ordnr to Juir. , Nog-.,.,z, TlLrr0:::;, tt. Ai!•frrcr- , and the c.,.vy (Darlan then be ins ,; ri ~in_, ·::.'le ~ssc . .., a .... . ci1v ctu.L i:, ions cf G"Jn"r<i..L Clc.rk -::_.., di~ so . ) he GLARK: Under our in::..tructic--ns e.:J.Cc co:... ::i.nrier ar 1ictic ::i . 'T'h sc off leers v,il_ neGotiate conce!'ne · . C'•en ra.l Putton ,,,iJ.l ,.,t-t , .i.th to n:i.r . n .. en t:ieJr c':lase firing they 1 i 1 territor y. I'ARLAN: \~hat about Tunisia? il de::ci e L t8r s o.:f ·i:r ~ witu U ~ Fl'f re • coll1Il,u.l1l ox·s Ge 1 r ~ "fo..,uez ~.nc off, r t r ente,.· into -Lc.r .., for t11.- \ ,..ol~ Tr.ere·, i:.-:.. be no hostii.iti .., to Jl.r_,,-ric·ns "·l1 -re? D!:....., AN: T'1E'n t .uest ic,n of t-h':l ::tatus of "!irau comes 1 •• ( ,... .1 ra.l r::.ar·c a c red t '1e.t t' i::.. v cn1ld be r'is,. o~ed of after t f lght.:.~.u h-:d been sto,:-. ed .) ClLllC : ~nat C'in.ud ·:rar.."s .i.::; to he .• Frc.r..ce in t ..i~ l:-if., ..,..,, u1 &.n • t lf"rc .i:=: ... roc-'U for ever~•one . Rleht no' .. I .:... tr~rin tc s·,0 •.1 th' fiufu.tin 5 • DAPLAi:' "o g11 E:, .ay '1e:::;itate on th8 vt. ic...ity cf t1i.., orc.:;1• if : : to hi • ,..1--1c..t r.re ,·:e e(in 0 to do a.bout " IL-~? it i..: raC:iood CLfa..:'K: Let . -:J see tie order fir::..t . ("" 9 order t,ivec c:.l l:..n<.l ~E'a, (...,nc,. , Lir forces in 'Jo tn Africa orc"ers to cea firir.~ al [.in..,t A1ericc • troo ~ s u . on receir t o• t 1P. order a,.d to retu1·n +o thei r br ~ ~ : r r' ob3erve strict 'i.eutr it:,- . Dr...rlc:.n:-..aJ3 t>at he t1..''es ·::. t.: res~oasib1 .. i,.., for Ncrt1 Africa in +,:1e na1e of tl'e arda, thc.t t·1e ,.resent r.· cit r./ coi:: ur., ers 1·et£:.in co::i..iand, anc' tll&.t ro.Lit·jc£..: -.r d'mini~tr· '·ivc. ._,,~uorit.ic' ,--i:.:. ''e . <in uncl1an _ed . :•!o chunuc cu.n J:-e ·,7ith J'.l.!'l&.n1 s ordc.r for th 1 rr,fent . The order 'i--Ll ._,o to ,Ji;-· . , o 'Uez, nrec,€..1. ar.. t e , 0 - L> - """"' �Admi.,,,L s cor.::.a 'ine .... int .. three l reas . CLAH.K ':'his will stand unle::is oth<or1 ise c.ia.nged by t •.e Allied Co,.,.. : .:.nderin-C 1ief . It may be necc ~~'--r. lEtcr to me'' c' ·~n.,es t=nC.:for thu.t reu::,un 1 I huve asked • ou to insert "for th8 • rE ,.:;eu-• 11 You understanc that there are sol'!l<:i British tr .. s , ',ut tnat aJ 01 · her.i &re unde~· Am r::.cu.r. s·J.1re11!e comnand . D!LltLAH: "'hen I i'li 1 change ii to .Arle1 icL troor,s or t'1eir Allin • riGht . CLARK: All DARLAN ·~hat dis)osi tion will be made of the French gensr&l:., v:.o dLobe:·ed. : orders. I mee.n ~~c''"+ an<' t· ..c thArs . I t inl: they shoulc.. be Liven no French mili tar~- corn: and . CLARK: That I , E' to c.iscuss .nt is one of the thin.:s , it:. A lmirE..~ Dar~an . !:'ARIAN: I don ' t .~·ant to +.reat r·ith those l"len. It i"' in yo1.1r orTi inter st to a.cr-o"'t;.a t I ca •• 1 t toler tP thr>ioe men not obP-yin ~ my orders . Tne oth0r officers dc,n 1 t ,.ant them t" have c::.n:rtinb to c1 o ,dth French C Or"~ .n.nf • ts I un crsta.cd CLM1K: It ink I can h:mdle t1is soon a .. d invcsti'--'ate . ·it , .,-cu do not ,·a!-i-'-these men under your cor""1and? \ r-A_PAN: Yes l :, . You had better res~nte,1. .ut them in :::.omesafe ~l. .... ce. Th y c.rf' bitter·:{ 0 I don 1t ·,mderstand . '.!:hey he 1..~ s ::,o ·mch . Hov,evE::r I c'o un cr:::,tt..nd , 'll' re.::, .L:+,.,, a::;a:· n t their L+ .... o' eying nrders . . . t ,..... 1., 'Se t ,.,. ore' ers -' c cea -'3 ''!ostili ties a;.·c cc:..rried out . orr'er is not v:crt:. t' 8 ._,e.. :.t is -;ritten or on 1:..nl9ss car:deC::. ou·: . C 'PJ< : y DAR• : ~1 What about '~he qu"3stion of tra.nsmittinc orderc . They ni 1 t,O by our 1 lane with one of your officers ar,0 one of ours. L o. 1 ~ii."on ; ··;p c·a .. corr 1·micate tha"L the orc1e .is c0rdn.c; a .• tuat in •! :~ ,..,'"antime ho ·-'-- .i, ies are to be cea. ed, • end.ii.~ recei. t o: t:.er.1. i The French L.re shootin[, do·:.n our • lanes ev ryti'.'1•· they ta'~e off in ·:orocco. C!JD!( : i-•nwrrrAL: I am sur. riced.. What about t'1e French C PJlK: Pe nill Pe are in accord ·1 ith thL .,risoners /OU h&ve taken? __;ive t:1cr.1 al back. 17e don ' t ,ant 5 - SECRE (EQUA\.S B~ITl5H MOST segET) ID9i:hod of tn.r.Ls"J:..ssion . any French .. rison rs . �(", ·in~• +his discussion ·r• 'i.r ...l Darlan h<-r'i finish the text of th,:, ore.er ,a;:;sage . It hE.d bevn a.mended so that the die ocii..ions of m- s in t:.e handr, of French troops pc :.i....a b to loco..1. iL.'IlericLn co ,t.rn:. •rs.) ( General Ryder returmd anc' said that a C r;tain ~f tne, - 68+ Inf·c.r.try 1 Hent to the colonel in the barracks before mE'ntione,1 t..r ~ o .... , h11 that if c m t 1e terms of the o.rmir tice v:-ere not agree( to hP \ robt..1:)_y ' ou.d. have to bomb. " The Fre!lch colono:::. a •• 1:.r0nt.1y misunclerstood. T,,o othPl .,~.'1~.Lar inci ients haii occl.rred. e.n( Genera:. Fyder v.ent out to set+le tilem. ''.\-i<; f"ne. draft of "' P nr-"er r:-iessaee v,&.::i z ne over anci Genera~ C-crk a. proved it. It is to be .ut into"final form a.nd dL 1 atched iri::eC:Lt--Y • AL. ,le cc,nfer .... ., . f-+, the cori.f"'rerce rocm ri th ti:1e excr. tion of Adm.ira.1. Dar c:--:i, f',enera~ CJLr 1', and • ir . Muri 1:.y the inter. reter • , rn the privc.t" confore!:lce ith fid ..1ira ... Dar: .n , '3neraJ. c:.urk ½.uestion: the Fr nch"!a.11 cone rning the flc ,t r.e controlc . T\,.r.... is va 6-ue and .. il an 1J1.al:E: no hints or commitments . He inf~;1s r.cneral Cle. Y , m,ever , that he has peronal~y issued order~ to the French fleet to be ,re.~red to 1ove on short notice should the Germ:.n"' enter unoccupied France •• e .:;tates omPhatico.l1y that 11under no circumstances wil the fl8ct fal" intc Germn.n hands . 0 F0 1 o ing ic the tr:.rn:l~.-ti 0 n of D::::.rl_..,:: orde,.. tor-. , ,-.~"s JuL~, J\fo c:.~:, 6 ;Jarr" ('1°\:'..'.lisia), (' '1Pr 2.. ~-=-nci6:.2.. ~cl,'! !_=.__!.:c;::; 'ich,.__; ., ·:ore:::::~ ::C'1:· !)or; __ , .. co. ~.s..1~il.1c Ioroc:n , ,..,:. ab .:..~ca '"T'i;_nis"!.'" , .,...:;:-cctiv:J ~... : '' 1 --=n,;age"'e:.1+..., ~ ing been fulfil.::eJ "--' +· e t bodJ "'.)&:~ le beco ...ln~ u:e: .... / "'r~ ~---- u..:._ to :..1 tho 1::.:: !:3[.. ~.d ri~ for~~~ in "-"W i::. ....... ~, .ica 1cir !.fri .... t::, cc:...:: a _, .:'i~ht (;.,,.6!:..=--~st for-:-~ tJf !'J":!,...-~ ~nd -':, f~o~1 ~.,,., ...,\..,i;.,.:.pt thi:: o:' ..er c.11d. of to !"c·:u=!l to tc o"b~srv(., """"trict~:::.1.10,1trl... .. lit:,, .... ":2--!n .. .'~l;;er·~~ c....uj ..!crocco C;o~ c..nJ.e., ... .. ~-i 1-Chic.P ..,.ll '1..ltt~c11~-"l·,r8::::;::.n ... lic..:, ... r,n itl-- local .:~-1 .,, Co c..~..::..,..c0 ... th ..r.:.c ub~ect of tsr1w for -~11J s-..is)ens:.0~1 of ho::;til:!.+ics. "3--I c.ssume a...tthor ~·•y O', c,.. '··or'.;h · frica. i.n +,~e n<.1.':13 ".:.he '"'.ar.:.,hal. of '!:hP pr Jsent ::;en.:.nr officers retain thelr co11.--'Lnr'is l.nd Lhe :ro .:. t.;.cal ::i.nd ad.-:,.:..ni:::tr~ttv-v Or[;anizatio:.- ..... r '.l:..ln i.1 fore€'. To chanc:;E:. ..:.1. bJ 1.1c.d, ..:. 0-rt a. fres:1 order fro::1 " . ' 11 4--!111 ;risoners on eac:1 .,.:.. " wi.1.1. be e·{c lc...~sed. " -::. 1 .1. To ec:. edi te t· 1e ar ,i. tic es in the Oran and JI.isle s re, ions, tr ..e order It ·.,ill be d-:Jlivcred to the affected co:-' t:iders to'llorrov. by cour.i.ers so that the authentici .. y !on't be in douht . Le rad"oed. Fol.o-inf this conference which takes the entire morning , Gtneral Clark ~ends the fol.1.oriini:- cable : tJust conc .... i lengthy conference ude with Dar h.n and hir cohorts. >-le r atedly refused to acce;:t tern::; of :ir1Jif'tice rec.son lack of c.uthority fro:'.! Vic .,_; [ dcm~nded he sif,n them to i!:lc.L-:.ir all !fort.1 l.i'ri.ca anrJ. . e sta.te 1 ••e:. • ou.~ b..., taken into custodJ if he refu.,ed nr" furtl-ier ne2"otic:;tion ,ould be .ith ~iraud. ,n:e final : y ap•3ed •·o i::::::,ue c.1e &.n c.·der to 1;..l" the :rour. ' , ir and naval force;:; in "ort.h !.frict.. , .;_1c •1dL1.; or occo ·e:ri Tunis:.a to c isc 1.ti::--.,~ehoctil.~L.:.e, .:.... e:~at0::y. T V hi.r sig:ic--3. order to c<r.h C01 :..n Ar anr' it is boine dis. c..tched our V ~ tl-i Fre_1ch C't ff Officer., :.od :·, Frc. 1ch 0 • r s·· Ri;-er~-33 (EQUALS BRITISH MOSTS!::CrlET) �( con "!.'.::ndsr:J \""ho'could be rv ..... ched b;r t--1- .J·.one w.,o h::.ve been co~ ..:anic:ited w;_ th incl~din; those in Tunis . 11Later arran,_;ed confe y._ncc q, 1.nderson ,;·i th I"r,:.ncL. co-:i ......... n ers to :aci1.i tatc h l ;: .L.'lo. osed ::iove .::mt b:r ::cu. toni:;ht _ to Jon° , 3ou ie 2.nr' "~:.. j elli. Dar lc.n obvio 1 1:::l~r ,le.yin::; for •.. 0\7er . k.st •.ic;.1t co.rf rred ,Yit!l l".:..r ·1d a.'1d a__,::..inthis morni.'l.; . r'ir.::.,ld rey_uested DarlG. ..... o confer ,.it. hi:.'1. '!::be latter refused b..:.t T h::..ve ar r .. 'l_,-d for the t-o to conf r v:it:1 me at 1500 tod·y . Darlun at St. r-eor_;,c .:here T a,·, . '4e is not in our cu::,tody but '1e ha,_ ..-;:..vsnm1 1:J.is ·..ord not to leave . 11 Pel.:. ve i:i. viP.\ o: 1 i;: order to sto.i:, r3si t&nce h" should not be ph.,r::::..cc.11:, rectrained i,t pr __ se!lt . I b .. ter ,:isc·1::.::"'d a.lon:) "':'ith I\:..rlan t'12 .u 0 -tion cf ".:.h-3 l .... . 'V .. • ,..,1·· •ro, C''.,,., "V ,-,~+c th'~ 1~ ·"trr t'-in•1_ .lT•..., ·ro ,.., "C"" J.!J_, t I no • h· 11' •"'t ,_ t..i. V i..,\,;,l,.., ,l,..-.. .. .._,,1,.,,,,._.., ,._,...., '--"" f tuo K.i.n_,p.i.?1s but hope to 7;.:_grrlc o"Jt of it so::1ihov:. I I doe•~,.,d ::..tof ut,noct imrortance to do a!lyt' ·..'l - to sec'..lre c....1 ori.l-.)r ·hich rwuld be ob-r:Jd to c ,. se hostilities ev_ryu' ern Tfave not 3.nn0...:.nccu thl::; (T1ar1Ln 1 s order) ov::r +re r&dio so as not t.o +,ip 0' .. 11.c.nd the r 3r7 ...n~ . 11 1.r to = ~ i...-...L..1.., ~..i.. ....... 0 <-...., ..I. -...i P..k:i.nto the ren.:ral ' s co. fcronce with d •ir ,l DarlL ... , Co·1r:odore Die'. , "l Eritis".l ~rb.va.l li ...L,on to ,~l i3d :_-3ad1.ue.rter::i, sends t.11."'foL.o· in.,: :nessa L0 !.d.,ira.l Cun.1ingha"l : "Clar:~ &.sb, .... to _;ive ;ou :.;;r i ,_:.:,res~io:::1., Firs- !'ou..nd e . f.[,..., :Je"'n "'ained b·..... .,itv.E.tio!l rril.- obviously t not bP ...,ati..sfactory till :,l1ole hearted coopeT'&tion obtained . Lc.rge n;imber of fr.-.nch d.lren.dy out to hcl but T)arlan clique ~··il need -::... inJ . Thi., is in h:mr'!. narkn tc' . still ho::,tile to us (Pri tish) and in lees er de 0 Tc ~ to L'Ilc.r::.cc.ns but concidcr he se-c ~ osi t.:.on gone .:..n Fr:..ncc c.r.d -;-;ishcs to control fro .. •rort:-1 Africo. • T tnink he L, 6 cn"J.ine thc..t he r,ill not let Fre.1cli. fleet fall i:1to Ger :1u.· '.l.:..ndsbut ·· l~ 7 r.10\'e the:J. or..ly in 11;.st emergency . It is i:1tended to contb.ue ,,orkb.g on this z.s also question of ::a:1dr .i.a s'i 1.,adro:1. Cl~l: ·ms nc..g:-iific~nt . 0t...r :P"'iso!lE r., neglected local l~· bi.lt nm: rele,. ed . :: x .: ,'.ir defense ::io"t i:1;,,pirin; . 11 0 " 1 .Another senst..tional develo .J' 11:mt occurs i:::1the c.fternoon . '~u.rshc.l Peto.in .... has f::..red !.d::u.ra l narlan c::.::;head of th "'rench ar.:1ed forces and ha::: a.. r,ointod General :ro_;ues , the _1:.:.lita.ry gover!lor of :'.:!-enc' ·•orocco , as h~.s successor . C-enen l CL.r'· .::o-s to see .Adniral flc.rlc.n. ~-1-: find.s hi .., 11lookin_, like c. c je.cted lit·~le _;i._; 11 ""'arlan re,;Jorts thect Petain r,e.;, also rejected . t '1e forth Afr;.,ca ur·.11stice tor 1s . t;encral Clc.. tells .r': Darla!l that 11 Petc..i..n is the mouthr,iece of q.i.tler . 11 nc.rlc..n r3plies that there if. notl:i:'lr; h~ C~-· do bu revoke the crder he sii;:i,ed t'.is .:ior.nin:; a:i.d ·.-:-:1ic'~ hc.s Lee:: d.i.sria.tcheJ to the forces . · :'l~plies General C]c..r1(! "...,.0·1 1r·3 !lOt ·0L'lo t0 rr";ol:e an~r ors.er !" 0 -:ys nc::,rlc..n ll'T'h-~ , J : !!lust b_ tc...kc:. _ prLo.,ller • 11 Golo.Ll Slocw ... later plc.c'"'s ho pla.too:i.;:, ..... ,.l the. ro'. ho~nc of 1.d~:irG.l -rren'ar(l, ·h- --~ .l\.d::1ira.l Jc:.rh.n ·· .:.11 sta,{ . "'h-' lo.st thin~, r.,:,ncral Cla.rk tells Ad..:irc.l nc:..rlt...n: 11tl o', ' s your chtLce tc gst th Fr-!lch fl--et ! " Repli0s _·_d·niral D.:..rlan dcjectedlJ : 11T+ ' s net .:., :'13et ; T ": ..)Ge.1r_::..:.evoc. . 11 'e adds that 11 Peta.in "has told all the corr.:u:nders to fi,--:hL. '.fter th::..., conf"r0nce a.'1c:1. before -oi.1; to one ,·:ith r.enerals rira.ud , J .1.in, X:ovltz and :cdi al , r :moral Cl:..rk checks o.. ::..nd fi:i.d.;:; thG.t ·'h:i French co.1.a.1d"'r.,, have obeyed nr.?.rlan ' s conr:c:..nd ;:.,.ndhave p .,ou.;ht o.r!ni.,,tice::, ! 0 0 • 0 0 The conferl:nC"' '..ith the Franch gener ~ s is held at J:uin ' s· h"'c.dqur .. rter::, , The other ,.lliod officers beside t;eneral Clark are. Captti.in ,··ri...,'it , Co;n. odore Dlck , Colonel Holmes c.nd "r . ·rur~h;; . The firin of Darlan is die.cussed . The Cenorc-ls report the~r h::i.ve j.ist received infor.!ki.ti ~n thnt the Ger .:k'mS arc c.bout to invade Unoccu:Jied France . Says ,... ir&ud , sadly : '" e are a.t the end of our ro)c . 1,'hat an appc.lling situation . It is ti!Ile for· the French to get together and it is 0 SECRET / �100 _, 0'"' ror• on~··bi' 1 i· t · -f.o b....., to U ",, r .;,.,d ,_...,'vc 'orth :s1·ic1-. ! " r _.. ~ ·,~t Lrc..l Clerk Frcnc 11 mat· r , " th,m ..· " -"'ts tl.,::.t G.:.r:md ;::ud "~r u..1 .,et to,::cthcr . "'Phi:: L -L. cc • .,_ n . ,, c::._7s tlL Deput,; Co .c.n ::.·-i::1 -Ch :i you .... t ·or';: out :;c··r ,..ire. d toG:tL t~:·:..._, the Lrvc.~1.on of ::nocc• .. ::. .l Frc.nc t ~ d ·... D~::.·l n : i-t· r_:J "'':l .;eneru.l se:r..::ls the fol ,..,..:.c.""cabL to r ..::1 r:: . ..l.~ ( ,.,l..,i. ,._U"- J. ~- - .,J V V ..., ...,c.,,. (..i. ... !. ·A ";t t ca ' 8) ... :ia.11.,; .i..1all i"r ol: to ~C:~ ·...:.r .., -' 0 ........ to • o ... . '"'.__r h1,.· j .st r c_iveJ r fire " b ,'l'L ~tl,r a ~ ,ct..,c. 1.,.ndtold ': t1'1.~.t n · ~ ord. of hosti it.:.-~ , Juin . _ . r ~ ..t . Tr p • ..:.t hi-: to .:...,_uc .~J.c • "r' !' , ". t::._ .,ti.t d t ...t U.'1 L; :.:1st b1.:c0__ a pr .:.so.Lr . T tol-:i '1i . t .~.t to n i . 1edi +,,l;· tool;: ste _ to ...l:..c .. _.,, _,1ard c.rot.:i:.~ .!.h :1.:. 1~1-.\.:.!1 '.-le .1 ,• ord of honor ~· c.t he ..ould r ::iot r vo 1c_ the 0rc ..r . '::'' L c!1-~1z d. situu.ti·n brunt ne Kin"'.in ho im;:iediatel,/ S"a!"ted' 'c;.n_, T,in if h 01.1ld .l a;y alon; ,,it11. i-,._1, · pl ,# 1,ith nL.rle...-:.·' o ord r· the:. Fr-nc :l fl , t h_r" • n-r8 re ••l;ec:_ th::..t __., rdsr. oul ef':.'.'ect. ~ · :.E ·1..for c:..s'u,d · h:i.~. a. • l a to t:1e F::-enc • fl at he cou ... net . ~ :i-:.'.'t d t.1e i th Ju::.., an. ':::.!lL .:.n t.t 0 ... ' out their sit ..~t.:.ou . 'Jo.it c;;.n , d .1~rc..LFcdf{.--c.. ~: ~ nd o::Dc..r ...., c .1 ~l:'\c . hJ to cti:tc , lc 1 t ord had j us,. beun received tk t the Ger .c.n.., ,ere c.b0ut to occu ~ unoccu. ::."d Fr _nee . ,Y Darlc.n ,:;-Latud that if t'1is 1".~rc.; tµtj: .1nd he r celv d vc ·ificcl.t.:.on he 01.:ld i ;nore ··ar~:1l..l Petain's o··d r f:.r in:; '•i.J c.nC:'. ould fe ___ r--ieved of f i_rL:1 r ~,or..;.· r .., .. po_~ ._,,i''Ji lt, . -r-e h&s ~skt.:d ·:..h!!t I co .. -Lo 1:_~ 1101..L..., au'--"-into.1.1i ht to di ce· s..., 1 '· ~ . ' . . ,... t . ,;, + . ~ ,.,at + ,.;ers11-n u d _ng c....,,, o,l):i.ion o~ th "l s _.... ' •1 .. I ::: '3 h J. ::i ~ si1r.1 - c..n on ., nav.:..l ... ;.•-'-,:::;, Jic c.n..::. .,....r.:.::;:.ti:.~ • . j..:ut rvturned from 180 .. conf-rencl: · ·th 1 an ·• ·..., .J ::.n, V::oeltz and endi .1 , t.1e la.tt r thr-- bein -trcn~; nc.rl_1 1Jort ___ • n 'h n the h ..ard of the • ossible G':r ..an.,r entr, into Coi...th 1·n rri:..nco th ir diff .:_1cec be a...l'l _.'11~. : told th .. th·.;..t I ,a~ to see ..... irt..l °!"'\o.rl~ 'f.ith ::.. to a .. :n .os:o.:.::iilii. r that h ,old c.hci s ~t · ·'·h&.t - h:v no .. .Jr C a:. o::i..... th.,, au :Jr c..tl.,,. c,r a. . o~ L1~ r ia • ~ove r---==;., • '"' .,_, :1.n Ul.., r · rt.. ::.i. ~c&.~ . • ( thi:.t it i.., t. for Fr .::::~1 .l to o"t tob n r :...1d d ,f nd ort.. lfric~, • •rnis ',&.S t l b ,st ne· ·s ~ 1:iar'ltodc.J . .:.s1: ee~ yo r 1 _ t on tc!lt.:. 2., ne .t r _ ort ... 11 .1·i..,a.J. a ked me for a confer,nce tod--:.r .in ho,.)u of ·orkin"' o..1t d~tu.il. shoul · Fr nch .. ir :nit::; co:"le he.1. ,. ro . Fr ~nc u . o.. occ·1.·c.tion . I a~ bad::. ir. need o~ an ric.,_n ir Of ::.c r . f r .1-r ~l 6L ... t!-:. n re.., __t d th ser·.,.:.cu_ of rk n) .. :'.. iers Ra - .:.0 tv" · • ··nd r our ~ontrol . .J.SO rac..io stu' ion c.t ~uc .... t .s :. ich il ly • r'1.:.t ID/ re. • .i..' collL ru..'1.:.ca. tion ·;;ith ., ou co .. enc.:. .,.; to 1or:::-o n0 .1 I ho., ... ~ver ,,rth.Ln3 (iUiet here tonight . Scattered , enemy ! . .:.r activity of dhori, ci.li.ration .it;~ n~ ative results ••• " T J. _. 1 "Y' .J · -~ r , G !!er"': Cl".rk conff'r::: c..,ain \ ith -arl_n cone rr.in,.; th urgent y_uestion of th .. Frenc .. fl<> t . ..c.-.or·ing to Io.rle:n , the fl + is r.o outside Toulo:!1 a c:..i+:5..n~ orders . "":ez~..l3 e .,;_1 direct t11e fl get to """c...i-'-to n Jo· n tl1P _,..lli .J" as coon ::..::: t•1e Ce.·mans enter ·noc cu. ied Fra::ce but not b-::.'or~ . C' ne-· l C r ~ :m_ est~ the ~EGRET �\o l ( fle t go to Gibraltar to refuel bec&.USP of the congestion in North African ports c..nd the politics..L threat from uncertc..in elements in the French fle t if U1ey enter French colonial ports . The gE'neral suggests the fle t r:rocecd to the Unit d States so negotiations concerning its use co ld be carried on . nhe F ench are very anti - ~ritish and Dar l an balks at having the fl eet go into Gibraltar . The bi~ questi n .u-iark concerning the French fleet is ,,hether it ',il_ obey Dt.rlan 1 s or ders . 1 0 b • e __ Ld 631§' [I . a sr 5 ~. 7 ., , JThc general r eceives toni 6 ht the COi,.r of "" Cc.ble from General ':&.rshall to General :isenhov er . '::"t i::c. rs : "'l'he Chief of "taL a;;- :-oves the aT.arding of the 1 distinguished servic, med&.l to Clc.rk Qnd the Legion of '.erit to the offic :rJ accor:ipan:'il1f.; hi;n . Th-:; a-·ard to Clark ,1ill be held -~1p'..illtil th--- ;:;itw:.tio::1 Cu"' Ls ,;:r.:. n "!or~ s...-,ecifical~.t •• , n Th.:.s is the text of the a .'a.rd: 11 "aj er Gen rc.l tt :ark ,. • Clark , 0-5309 , :.:r'°:iJ the U:i.itec~ Ste.te::: , h&.s been the Deput~· Co.i'T!c...'rl.dcro!: in - Ch::."f of th"' Al ..ied : orces sic1ce its inc ptio.1 . Th or.-;a:1.izan.; and planning f phase of t.1is o,.J~ ation is no· successf 1l y cancluc'ed . 1)urin,::; this i!:lportant period he_Tas :l:a. be l y responsitlc r for i :i orta.1t · ork that . as bein--; carried on . •'..s a relater pL..rt of this activity he s 1 1ccessfully erformed a r:1.ost important and hir,hly secr0t ..is.,ion . This !,lission , o -ether '.7ith the orr.:o.ni::.lns ~d p1annin:; of the 1~-~or .:;ortion of the orere.+ ions , ,;as of creat 1::1 ot>tr..nce to the ... U!1ited .':ta tee . This \.as a .-osi tion of t::,Tec. responsibili t tJ , and. the maimer of carr~ri .:; 01:..t t ·1a assign!!lent ·,-as of the hig;ie::t order . It is rec om Pnded that th Distinguished fc,..vice edal be c.,.-1:..rdedto ''.c.~or f'._,,1crr..l ·:ark ,~. CL.rk ··•ith th folL0~;in:; citc.tion : iaj r r.enc::.•3.l :ark·· . Sl:.rk , 0- 5::: 9 , ,:...,_y of the U:1.itcd Stat1;.;s , for distin;:'1ish8d ce~v .:.ce to the 1bi ted Stat s .;r 7 ln :::.. od tion of 1 gr", t r ::_ mLibilit:,r c.;:; Do, --..:t., Co1·1ende -in-Chief of ths •.1.~.:..cd force di-:=i.n.:; its ...eriod of or _;c.nization c.nu. e,___ •._,lo:rment . 1fo .:;..,::;urcd this of:.:ice i:1 the sw.-'cr of 1c 4'=, and U-1rou~'~ 'is 0-i;;.t;:;tc.ndinz ability in or;:;anizin__, :..:.ndpkn in:; th::oAe~ct~ ~ns of t,1ic force , ha s~ccacc~ul y ~rc~"~~d thi~ ~r~wni~~tion ~or the im:'ort:..nt J::J.icsion to ..L-ic it hc.s been assigned . '.c :r.::rt of th3 duties of t_hc De ... uty Cc c.nde::.· o= t:1i::: ..,- oi.: hs ~ crfo:::-nec. ~ u.:.. .... '.l,; sec et and "'Ost i ...ortCJ1t m ::;:::;ion Thro•,;:! h:~c C"UC,:. .:.cuol.:c Lad~:r .,hi _ c..r.d out ..t2.:ndin:; abili t:,r thi:: "'"llS succe~"'ful y co::._l"''·ed . ·re org~n::.zuc. a .. d::. ·nin::.:::te:::-cd. ,.11e :1°c€:::Sa!'~' pro ··run °-:.0 brin,; ti,n troo ,.::: of t!1...t o:::-.;:...nizatl0!1 to ::..hi;; ::t::.tc of' tra::. .. ·ng und co-r:bc.t cffic ~ ! ... ... c...tid;i_.:; been l: .. c~ , rf_,el~,. r ..... "!'!.).;:~le for ~or.-' _1~ th:? t .... ::_ cJ_icc.l .,. -le.ii_, for th ~s ,-,:: +:1.s ... t!'OO,.::; :...g:...i:1::tth Jn ...:..e~ of th~ ·r.1itcc: C't:...t ., • HL r -L8tc .. nd.in~ c.b.i.li t:--h:...s "!:C.~chit1 o~ i!1c~ti ...:..bl.3 "~-c. to t:1.., ser~ric0 . u U$ 1 0 0 0 rr·y, t o cn.blc.:: ::..re r:;ce::.-red at c.. t.:..2c.· hen f'":1cr.:::.l Cl:...rlc c&:.1onl:· ~ivu th. n ~ '-!uic!: .:;l:::::1ce n--. r r: Lri t 1""'.) vor:. .. c~ "hi 6 hl~--cnr ... ·1 ::::•d J;olit~~::...2. !3it"'t"'".;rin -:..nd . f it .:.2 i.l +ou.. ::-o+ for ~ ~-W1 ·.11.oi .... Jilitnry . TT~ i: :...lt£ --nu.tt.,;l,,J~sg1.13t-C. , +hv ... ' ~h 1 1 :'1.u. . TI·1t ~~t ::. .. C ?l.... !~ '.).a.-... o:.:,.J .... . obj--c+:.."l'I"~ :.•: ~r ... 1(!~ J'!llJ _ __,+ .: - ... u~ J ~ , ...... ... er(, 4-.:.~ ... ,·ore' '--lon , th&.t ~1-:io~r :..:1-:.. ', h l_f· ,; t,.., , ::.nr, -t c;.-, -- +~ , th-=3dr.:....._,_ th_ +u 4· , ~::.t.J .~,...,~,., • [: '·}1""r.,.,, "r ~...,,.__·~...... r ...r'lr-:r 1 _n·,-·::> :_h, r ..... 1---- ~: .. C.~t d . l ~ J; ..... ,. ·. ECRET S , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, October 23 - November 10, 1942 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from October 23 to November 10, 1942. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/804 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/972858fad26f1a88cac9d40a44f2c3d9.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=GQOBCQLi8hrWxAztjRdos5lzvjy-v1YPwhPCYJ7sKVMKLUu66dNDgcJP1O-joNCtd2H6NEMkei-f4eHjs75QNGC40hoqUahCG0-KbY6bqxVLUOuRBtcritIL-QjUFJKNrgY%7EI8Sw5Hq0HFDcvzCR5iH8or%7EP28LOfayRU8dKcDur5ZqkJjV9zK-aCGuGf0gTmu4Z9l0FieMlw-q3aW-kHSbEEoJPfdmBoHoD0LVJbit6Gnv4mQo0BKe6kR43bf2vNaDX3xpNBT-7KM5U2p3ptFnjCZFyAcc2b%7EmkH5djgbLABizSeNdetq8Ej09WldxuT2V7lua%7ELb2CGDn15ACVKA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d05bcd3b98bd5b637daa5f3cb01726f9 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM VIEN1tA, NOV~_,ffiER 4, 1946: General Clark 1 s private train arrived in Vienna at 1215 hours . On hand at the station to greet the General and J:Irs . Clark upon their return were numerous members of his staff and their wives , and an honor guard made up of the 1st Battalion of the 16th Infantry. After greeting all his friends , General Clark reviewed the honor guard with General Tate. Upon leaving the station, General and J:Irs . Clark went to the villa where they had lunch . General Clark arrived at his office at 1430 hours and after talking with General Tate he saw Mr . ,1elvin O. Benson of the House Investigating Committee . Following I:Ir . Benson, General Clark c cnferred with General Tate and Colonel Sullivan on civilian food supply . The food situation continues to be a most difficult problem. However, General Clark has made plans for the increase of the Austrian ration to the 1,550 level. At 1600 hours General Clark talked with General Dager, who is succeeding Colonel Lewis as Commander of the Vienna Area Command, and at 1630 hours General Clark conferred with Chancellor Figl on the plans for the announcement of the new ration scale . T~e General returned to his villa at 1730 hours where he had dinner with L1rs . Clark and .Ann . * -( * * VIENRA, NOVE...1BER 5, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at. 10.30 hours after having walked from the villa. He i mmed iately saw General Tate . At 1100 hours he conferred with Colonel Oxx, whom he had not seen since his return. At 1115 hours General Clark talked with Colonel Rich concerning his personal health and the ear infection he had had while in the States , and later talked with Colonel Howard . At 12.35 hours Gener al Clark conferred with Colonel McMahon and General Hickey on the subject of the position of Chief of Staff . Colonel 1VIcMahon is r eti ring this next week and is to be succ eeded by General Thomas F. Hickey . After having lunch in the Bank Building , General Clark held a press c onference at 1430 hours in order to bring the press up to ~ate on his recent trip to the States . The conference was attended by the following corres pondents: Landrum Bolling Simon Bourgin Robert Conviay Joseph Evans 111 . W. Fodor Arnold Gingrich G. E: . Hodenf ield Josef Israels Car oline Leiser Ernest Leis-er John ,;!acCormac John ffo'.Jinckel Karl Quigley John Thompson John Vialker I ;,1 . 1E . Werner Theodore Kaghan Samuel Grossman Overseas News Agency Time and Life New York Daily IJews Wall Street Journal Chicago Sun Esquire Associated Press This Week Stars and Stripes Stars and Stripes Nev, York Times World Report International r;ews Service Chicago Tribune Time and Life United Press VJiener Kurier AND �After the conference, General Cl ark conferred with Colonel Grogan and i:1r. ~rbardt concerning the announcement of the increased food ration and later the General saw General Tate . General Cl ark had dinner with his family at the villa . * * * * 6 1946: General Clark arrived et his office at 1030 After having c onferred with General Tate, the General talked with rnr. Erhardt at 1045 hours . J\.t 1105 hours Colonel Lewis and General Tate held a discussion with General Clark on plans for General ·ager taking over the Vienna ;.:\rea Command. Immediately following this conference General Clark talked with General Dager at which time he gave the nev, VAC Commander hj s plans for the future in Vienna. The General had 1 unch in the Bank Bt1ilding and after seeing General Tate at 1/4.15 hours held a long conference with General HcChrystal at 1430 ho1.1rs . General r~IcChrystal , former head of' USFA ISB, has returned to Vienna as a war c orrespondent and will be discharged from the service tomorrow . General Clark walked to his villa arrl at 1900 hours , accompanied by his family, went to the home of Col onel and i,1rs . Howard for dinner . VIEHI~.4.., NOVENlBER hours, having walked from his villa. * ( VIENI A, NOVE;;:B.C::R 7 1946; General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours after having walked from the villa . He immediately saw General Tate and then held a conference with General Collins, who had arrived on the I.lozart this morning ., This is the first meeting of Generals Clark and Collins since the return of General Clark from the States . At 1030 hours General Clark conferred with Mr . Williamson, head of the Ai.:strian desk in t _1e State Department, who had been taking Mr . Erhardt 1 s . place during Mr . Erhardt I s absence . Llr ., Williamson wil.l be returning to the States shortly . General Clark had lunch with Lirs . Clark at the villa and at 14/4-5 hours ·left the villa for the Hotel Imperial where at 1500 hours he conferred with Colonel General Kurasov, Russian Commander, for one hour . Mte r the conference General Clark returned to Headauarters where he talked with Mr . Erhardt and General Tate . Mrs . Clark ~rrived at Headqt arters at 1700 hours and the General, accompanied by his fa ily, went to the Hofburg Palace where they attended the reception , · concert and dinner given by General Kurasov in honor of the 29th Anniversary of the Socialistic Revolution . General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff SECRET, Information to USFET for MclJarney, P- 5832: n1 . Your message WX- 84802 is reference . Restitution Danube river draft belonging to United Nations, including Yu.gos a nd Czechos and to Hu.ngary, Rumania and Bulgaria, ·can be completed wit,hin two repeat two weeks after respective govts provide crews to move craft and after arrival representative ta inventory and receipt for craf t . n2 . Following riv ,-ir craft are now in Aus waters US zone: a . Serviceable and floating~ �- ( Kationality anq Ow:g~rDutch (Cosmos) Czechoslovakian (CSD ) ~~1otor rranker 1 Tanker Barge 10 19 2 . Bulgarian Rumanian :Jiotor Barge Total 32 15 l 18 2 2 2 l l 2 (lWR) Rv.manian ( Ovmership unknown) b . Unserviceable or sunk ; -aticnali t;y· or Owner Yugoslavian Tanker Barf@ 3 (JHP) Dutch (Cosmos) Rumanian 1 1 ( NFR) n3 . For your information, sunken railroad bridge at Tulln now has navigable channel 26 meters wide and 1. 9 meters deep at mean low water. This channel navigable for shallow- draft boats with difficuity . n4 . It is recommended that craft be turned over at existin L anchorages and owner nations be responsible for movement . n * * * VIE '{NA, N0'T.Bi~TI3ER 8 1946: General Clark arrived at his of fice at 1000 hours and at 1015 hours talked with Bill Clark concerning Bill ' s forthcoming marriage to ;,l iss •loise ' eyton. Later General Clark talked with Colonel Hume and at 1100 hours saw Colonel Lazar on the plans for Christmas . After conferring with Mr . Erhardt, General Clark attended a decor ation ceremony where he decorated and promoted several of ficers and enlisted men from US.F'A Headquarters , and as a surprise awarded the Legion of Merit Medal to Colonel l'ilc11lahon . General ·c1ark left his Headquarters at 1230 hours and had lunch at his villa with his family . He rettl.I'ned to his office at 1530 hours where he attended a review and honor guard in honor of the retirement of Sgt . Leonard H. Tice , who is being returned to t he States for retirement after 30 years of service . General Clork r eturned to his villa immediately after the ceremony and at 1830 hours attended the French pr oduction of the opera ·11 Pelleas and Melisande" at the Theater an der Wien as guest of Gener al Bethouart . He returned to his villa at 1030 hours where he had dinner and t hen retired . General Clark sent the following message to General Kurasov of the Russia~ Headquarters.: "I should appreciate your reply to my letter of 5 September 1946 trans:-nitting evidence regarding the limerican title rights to certain e}-..rploration rights (Freischuerfe) which were taken from the Rohoelgewinnungs G (RAG) whi ch is fifty per cent An:ericanowned . 11 * * * * �L\ l VI~NK , NOVE:'iBER 9 1946: ( General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours after having walked from the villa . He took care of all accumulated correspondence and at 1100 hours recorded his Armistice Day and Thanksgiving Day speeches for broadcast to the troops in Austria. After recording these speeches, General Clark conferred with iJir . Erhardt and General Tate and then talked with Colonel 1JlcMahon. He left his Headquarters at 1300 hours and walked to his villa where he had lunch . In the evening, General Clark entertained guests for dire~er and the broadcast of the --Ar-myNotre Day game which ended in a 0- 0 tie. · General Clark sent the follo~ing message to Joint Chiefs of Staff pass to State Department, info to USFET for McNarney, SECRET, P- 5939: "In accordance with your VlX- 84802 I am proceeding toward i rr:mediate restitution Danube. River craft in ustria to owner nations, as reported in para 2 my message P-5832 . 11 I propose to issue a statement here on this subject as soon as prelimlna.ry arrange:nents for restitution of craft are completed. This release wL 1 be coordinated with USJ:'ET . \\hat stateme11t, if any, is to be issued by State , and on what date?rt · Following message sent SECR1~ to US,FET for iilfcNarney from General Clark, P-5942: "Ref are W1..- 24802 from JCS and my messages P- 5832 and - 5939 in reply thereto , copies of both to you. Believe desirable we issue simultaneous releases on this subject . Accordingly, I have instructed my PRO to coordinate my proposed release with your PRO .tt * * VIE1d A, NOV&,ffiER 10 1946; General Clark remained at the villa during the day . In the morning he took a lone walk and t !1en had 1 unch with his family . At 1930 hours General and Mrs . Clark were dinner guests of Colonel and 1.:Irs . Paxson. * * * ·J , NOV 'i.:BER 11 1946: The day being a holiday, General Clark remained at his villa . Later in the n orning he took a walk with Mrs . Clark . After having lunch at his villa, General Clark rested . In the evening the General had dinner at home with his family. VIEN General Clark sent the following message to pric Johnston, Arr.embassy, London, P- 5954.: nnistressed upon hearing of your illness . Best wishes for a speedy recovery . Hope to see you soon here in Vienna . u * * * VIEM~ A, NOVE1':BER 12 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0940 hours after having walked from his villa. He saw General Tate and Mr . Erhardt and later conferred with Colonel ax6on on the setup for the dependents' school . At 1045 hours , accompanied by Mrs . Clark , the General visited the school for dependents . He returned to his office at noon and after going 1 �( over accl,mulated correspondence talked with Colonel Mc -Iahon . He had lunch at the Bank Building and at 1400 hom·s saw Colonel L cLean on several court martial cases . General Bethouart called on the General at 1500 hours to discuss the entrance of Jews into the French Zone at Kitzb hel . L7ITT1ediately following the c onference with the French- Commander , General Clark talked with ·.l[r . ""'rhardt and at 1700 hours walked to the · villa, accompanied by the Minister . t 1930 hours General Clark had dinner in his suite at the Hotel Bristol with Mrs . Clark, Colonel and 1J!rs . 'lein, Colonel and h1rs . Shaler, Colonel and l;Irs . Pesek . After dinner General Clark and h..i.s guests went to the Bristol Club where they saw the floor . General Clark sent the following message to Col. Robt Solberg, Military 1~ttache , A11embassy Brussels, P"Please convey my· regards to the Prince :i·{egent and inform him I will be delighted to accept the Belgian award • . 'n unable to give an exact date now as I want to tie another trip in with this . Will suggest in near future a date at 1vhich time I, 1Jrs . Clark , my 20-year old daughter a.nd aide would come to Brussels . xpress my ppreciation to Ar::bassador Kirk for his kind invitation for my family to stay at the Embassy . tr ,. * * * * VIENN., NOVEMBER 13 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours after having walked from the villa . He immediately saw General Tate and at 1015 hours received nine new Colonels who have just joined USFA Headquarters . they are: Col. Claude A. Billingsley, 016620, FA Col . Carl F . ,!c ilimey, 03103, INF Col . Harren C. Rutter , 012628 , CC Col . Irvin Schindler, 016605, JAGD Col Harrison Shaler, 012080, ORD Col. David ·• Washburn, 09155, SIG . Col. Stanley C.• Wentz , 0276970 , AC Col . Walter Urbach, 029527, AGD Lt . Co~ . Peter Rush, G-3 Claims G-1 JA US11C AES, G Chaplain Immediately following this conference, General Clark saw Colonel Sullivan,head of Civilian Food Supply , on the food topic . At 1030 hours General Clark was interviewed by Nir . Jack Thompson, war correspondent with Chicago Tribune, on the Italian Campaign, and at 1130 hours saw Mr . Gondern of the Readers Digest for one half hour . Later the General conferred with General Hickey , Colonels '1Ac v1ahon and Paxson on Unit Citations for Divisions in the Italian Campaign and then posed for Wir . Lake, an artist with Camp Shows, for a pencilled sketch. General Clark had lunch in the Bank Building and at 1400 hours. saw Colonel Lloyd , IG , on investigation of the Linz liquor warehouse . I.tr . Lake returned at 1430 hours and completed the sketch of the General . After having a long conference with Mr . Erhardt , General Clark finished going over all accumulated correspondence and then walked to his villa . In the evening he and ~trs . Clark had dinner with General and Jrs. Haynes . �43 VIENN , NOV1lMBER 14 19/4.6 : General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately conferred with Mr . rhardt . , t 0945 hours General Clark saw General Tate and later conferred '. ith I.'Ir John r~lacCormac, of the New York Times to get his views on ~everal major issues . 1Q'ter conferring with Mr . .lacCormac the General worked on accu.mulated correspondence and official papers, after wh ch he had lunch. At 1500 hours General Clark received General Steele , Commander of British troops in .. ustria, in order to discuss the present food situation. After General Steele's departure , General Clark saw General Tate and at 1615 hours held a surprise decoration cerem0ny at which he awarded the Army Commendation Ribbon to Colonel McMahon for his work as USF Chief of Staff . After the ceremony , General Clark went to his villa -:.vhere Mrs Clark was holding a tea for the personnel connected with the dependents ' school in Vienna . In the evening the General had dinner at his villa . 1 * * * VIEN A, NOV .. JBER 15 1946: General Clark arrived at !1is office at 0845 hours and immediately saw Colonel Kretzmann . At 0900 hours the General held a conference with Rabbi Bernstein, advisor on Jewish DPs , and iJir . Dorr, special assistant to Secretary of .;ar, on displaced persons problems . These two men had made an inspection of the DP c amps in the American Zone yesterday and came to discuss with General Clark the problems they found . After talking with General Tate and l\lr . Erhardt, General Clark left his headquarters at 1015 hours and proceeded to the Allied Commission Building where he held a short discussion with General Zheltov, Russian Deputy Commander , prior to the ~ lied Council meeting . At 1100 hot:rs Genera:j.. Clark attended the lied Council meeting which lasted until 1630 hours . t this time he returned to his headquarters and at 1700 hours held a press conference attended by the following correspondents: Christian Science Monitor Ass ciated Press Stars and Stripes Stars and Stripes . ew York Times .World Report International News Service New York Times Chicago Tri ,une T1me and Life United ress ewsv1eek \~ iener i urier Joseph Harrison r. Hodenfield Caroline Leiser Ernest Leiser John I/IacC ormac John i✓Iowinckel Karl Quigley Albion Ross ·J ohn Thompson John r alker ;:I . W. Werner .Arthur J . McChrystal Theodore Kaghan Samuel Grossman G. A 1 D General Clark , accompanied by Mrs . Clark, Ann and Colonel and Jrs . Howard , left Vienna on the General ' s private train at 2030 hours enroute to Hinterstoder . * * * * �General Clark arrived at Hinterstoder at 0500 hours and at 0600 hours, accompanied by Captain Rogers, left the train for a day's hunting . He returned to the lodge at l 530 hours after having shot three chamois . The General had dinner at the lodge with his family and gqests . HIN'T...,,HST0DER, NOVEi!iBER 16 1946: General Clark sent the following message to UC!:FZT "ersonal for General McJarney: Confidential P-6088: "It is my understanding that the troop spaces for AL.stria in 194 7, as requested 'in letter from my headquarters 7 October to you, have been reduced by elimination of spaces for civilian supply program and drastic reduction in engineers without prior reference to me. Request that I be informed of these changes, in order that I may reevaluate the possibility of implementing the mission · assigned to me by the Joint Chiefs of Staff . 11 I assure you that the matter of reducing the troop strength in Austria has had and will continue to have my personal attention . 11 General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chi,gfs of Staff, pass to State Department, S.il:CRET P- 6110: ( "Ti1e ..Allied Council on 15 l\!ov 1946 took note of a report from the Federal Chancellor conc -:rning anticipated reductions in pension expenditures in the amount of 80- 85 million Schillings for the budget year 1946 and recommended that ( a) payment of pensions to Nazis d::.. smissed under the provisions of the Denazification Law be stopped and (b) that all pensions established during the German occupation be reexamined . Unanimous agreenent was finally reached on the matter of instructions to the' Austrian Government concerning the establishment of an Austrian frontier and customs control service . "The Council again took note of the fact that the new Denazification Law had not yet been reported out of the Legal Directorate and decided that the High Commissioners would exert pressure on their subordinates with the view to a~)suring consideration of the law by the Council at its next meeting on 29 IJovember . In response to a statewent by the French High Commissioner, the Council took action to have both the Austrian Government and the Internal ffairs Directorate study measures designed to correct current deficiencies in the issuance of passports and visas to Austrians desiring to travel beyond the Austrian frontier;. u. letter from the Fed Chancellor in ·nhich was set out the estj_mated Aus trade balance for 1947 was referred to the Econo~ic Directorate for more detailed study, with the understanding that any High Commissioner who so desired would inform his Govt of this estimate of us needs . 11 The new 1550 calorie food ration and the general food problem were discussed et length as a result of the c.. uestion being raised by the Sov member . The Econ Directorate was instructed to determine whether the ration was being met and to work out with the Aus Govt an estimate of indigenous food availability . more detailed report of this matter will be the subject of a separate co1ru 1unication. n * * * * �45 ............ 1946: General Clark left the lodge at 0900 hours acc ompanied by Captain Rogers , and spent the day hunting . He shot one ' chamois . HINTEF.ST0DER, NOVEMBER 17 * * * * HINI\~HSTODER ''.iNROUTE TO VIE.£ A VIA WELS. , NOV ':IBER 18 1946: General Clark departed from the l odge at 0900 hours and boarded his train at Hint ers toder . On the departure of the t r ain at 1000 hours the Austrian switc hman turned one of the switches at the station before the train had completely cros sed the track , which c aused the last car of the train to become derailed . It was necessar -. to disco nnect this car and proceed without it . General Clark arrived by train at Vlels at 1200 hours where he was met by Colonels Hume and Lloyd M. Hanna . General Clar k ' s par ty was escorted to the 1-:.Sthaw where he reviewed the Honor Guar d made up of 4 th Constabulary t roops and after having been presented to the Burgomeister , the Gener al attended a ceremony at which time he rec eived several gifts from the City of Wels . General Clar k boarded his train at 1245 hours and proc eeded to Vienna , arriving at 1845 hours . He had dinner with his family at the villa . * :;:--,. ( * * VIENN , NOViI.IBEFt 19 1946: General Clark arrived at his offi( e at 0915 hours . After talking \vith General Tate t he General saw Co_lonel Kretzmann , who had had a conference last night with ChancellQr Figl. Later he saw J,ir . iila rget (Finance) with Generc:11 Tate and after that d i s cussed the food situation with Colonel ullivan . Colonel Rich dropped in t o talk with the General concerning bis pers onal health after Tihich General Clark saw General Gailey , Chief of Staff in Berlin. t 1030 hours General Clark saw vlr . Mowinckle of HOHLD REPORT at w:iich time he gave him a half hour inter view and at 1130 hours he received Colonel Boyce , head of t he 'LCS in rlashington , Colonel i.icCl1,,1. re, head of the Theater CS , and Mrs . Herrick , official advisor . The General held a discussion on Ci- with 1ilr . Hynes at 1215 hours, shortly after which he had l unch . I mm d iately following t he lunch hour General Clark saw Colonel Ladue on IS B topics concerning publishing of books . General Tate saw t he General at 1500 · hours at whi. ch time he informed t he General of the crashing of an airplane carry ing Jirs . Tate , General and 1)Irs . Haynes , Colonel and Mrs . 1~IcIUahon and daughter, and u1rs . Snavely , and p iloted by Captain Tate . The plane had been cleared to pick up the party at idunich to carry them to Italy and it is believed to have been forced down on a mountain nenr t he Frenc h- Italian border . Five are repor ted as seriou$ly injured . .Aid is already on the way searching for the pl ane . General Clark, much saddened by the news , left his office for hi s villa in or der to inform ;.;;.rs .. Clark of t he tragic incid ent. He had dinner at the villa a1 d av,aited further news on the _µlane . r,. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Clliefs cf pass to State De partment , s-"C P.ET, P- 6174: taff , t1S,inc e my return here it has become increasingly evident that the Soviets do not intend to allow indigenous food products to 1 ove from their Zone to other parts of -vstria witho11t compensating imports from the other �( zones, nor is there any indication that the Soviets intend to allow the Austrian Goverl'1...r1ent to have any control of the distribution of foodstuffs grovm on lands which the Soviets have seized under their interpretatic n of the otsdam Agreement . u:1J.ore than a month ago the .Austrian Government sent a letter to the Soviet Commander asking if the Government would be given control over crops raised on seized land . To date no reply to this inquiry has been received and the Government has been unable to take any action toward distribution on f ood harvested on these lands . "On 4 Oct the Sov Command issued an order to the La~d Governors of Lower .Austria and Burgenland which contains the following: 0 Any exportation of agricu=-. tural and :i.r.dustrial products, raw materials, and other materials will only __,e carried out with ye ur knowledge· and if authorized by the Sov Commander- in- Chief through the Economics Division of the Sov Element of the lied Commission for ustria . · "'This rdnance applies above all to foodstuffs but also to.all kinds of raw r.iaterials and finished products of your land . 1 "On 4 Nov the Sov Command issued a second order concerning the movement of potatoes into Vienna . This order directed that potatoes moved into the city from the 8-ov Zone be distributed only .in the Sov Bezirke . It remains to be seen if this order is to be implemented . "On 5 fov and 15 l:Tov I had a talk with the Sov Commander on this subject . It was clear from this discussion that the Sovs do not intend to authorize any shipments of indigenous food to the other zones if such shipments will lower the ration in the Sov Zone. If any food is shipped to the other zones they insist u1-;on compensating importts of other food items. The reason for this action is to protect the living standard of the peoplo. in the i-JOV Zone . It was brought 01t in our discussion that the ovs do not intend to import any food from Rtmsia . It was claimed that Russia does not have enough food for its own people . "I am confident that Cov control over indigenous food in their Zone will become rwre and nore rigid as the winter progresses , and that they intend to ignore any ustr · an Govt food distribution plan vJhich requires otitshipments to other zones without compensating imports . The effect of this will be to require direct negotiations between the Sovs and the other Zone Commanders on a barter basis, with the us Govt . bypassed . The Sov Commander frankly stated that they were taking this course of action to protect against the situation which prevailed last winter, when the three Western Zones were better fed than the S.ov Zone . 11 "GLRR food st-;.pplies are still being distributed in the Sov Zone . It is tco late to take any action to cut off the Sov Zone from the benefits of mm.RA supplies for the current ration period which ends on 8 December , as available supplies have been distributed to all zones . Furthermore , U1? relief ends en 31 December . 1 ' Since the addl 60 , OOO tons of nat pr ocured by Ul1R1 was ob-tained only because the ,;ar Lept reduced its bill for supplies furnished from ;ulitary ctock.s , it, is recommended thrtt this wheat not repeat not be shipped as an UNRR supply , but instead be shipped to me as a military supply in addition to the supi~·lies I will need for my zone . If this is done I pl~n to use this as a weapon against tne ovs to force them to break down zonal control and to put more food into Vienna . This wheat is needed in the S-ov Zone to come anyv here near feeding the new 1550 ration scale . O ( �[ "It is obvious that the Sovs are using food as a political weapcn . supplies only aid them in this reg""rd . Our position will be stronger if we retain control of the 60 , 000 tons addl wheat ,, Early consideration of this proposal is requested . HRelated subject . In my zone it is estimated t hat about 800 calories daily per person is available from indigenous production . I am watchine: the situation to see thc:it as a result of the recent Sov controls over indigenous food in their zone, the us Govt does not make excessive shipments out of ny zone into the Brit and French zones to meet deficits. Principle shortages in my zone to provide the current 1550 ration scale are wheat , pulses and sugar . If Ul 1 supplies contim.:e to arrive thru 31 Dec I can get by· until then . ter that date I must rely upon CA/, JG stocks which have been called forward for Jan and Feb . It is therefore urgent that my military pipline be reestablished before 31 Dec. The urgency of mal:ing early shipments of food items already called forward was p-;t forth in ;ny message P- 5758 to Echols on 5 .November . 11 U ·~m * VIE JJ , N0VKIB-B. 20, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately saw Colonel Kretzmann on the .Austrian food situation . Cclonel Pesek talked with the General concerning the latest news from the crashed plane and later the General talked with Colonel Oxx and General Hickey . t 1300 hours General Clark received Colonel General Zheltov, Deputy Corunander of Russian Troops in ustria, and after a long c onference on the food situation in Austria had General Zheltov as guest for lunch . Immediately after lunch General Zheltov left headl~Uarters and Gene ral Clark discussed res-c:lts of the conference with ;.-r . Erhardt and Colonel Oxx . He then saw Colonel Pesek , w10 gave him the latest information on the plane and he then walked to r1is villa . * * * VIEI'JI:A, NOVE IBER 21 1946,: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and itrneditltely conferred wi th (. lonel Fesek on the latest news conc'Jrning the cras hed plane . Later he talked with General Hickey and then held a long conference vdth 2-Tr . Erhardt .' After completing his correspondence, General Glark left his office for the villa vk.:ere he had lunch ·,ith 1•1rs . Clark and .Ann . In the evening he had the tv,o daughters of General and i..rs. Haynes at his home for dinner and a movie. * * ·n.L£1~I.", N VK:B:&l. 22 1946: General Clark arrived tit his office at 1000 hours and immediately called for Colonel Sullivan, head of Civilian Food Supply, to be briefed on the latest food situation . .After Colonel Sullivan , General Clark saw Colonel Howard, G- 2, and at 1100 hours rec·eived :,~r . :·Iartin, who is in Vienna attempting to locate scattered equipment belonging to Standard Oil Company of Nevi Jersey . Mr . Jiartin is the father-in-law of Consul Bay, whom the. General knew in I~1ilan . General Clark conferred vdth ifr . irltardt and after going over so:-·e official papers left for .lis villa where he had lunch . In the afternoon he took a long walk with Colon,31 Joseph .,. . • vJ.livan (QB) and in the evening �43 had dinner vvi th ,..\rs . Clark at the villa . * * i IB "R 2.3 1946; General Clark arrived at .his office at 0900 hours and irnmediately conferred vii th Colon.el esek concerning the latest news on the plane . It now has been discovered that the plane crashed in Switzerland , and relief JY rties are on the way . Later General Clark conferred with G,3n9ral Hickey and Colonel Howard and at 1000 hoi...rs saw Major Peyton . t 1045 hours General Clark saw Sir John Boyd Orr , Food and Agriculture Representative from the United Hations. i. Irs . Clark and Colon~l Lazar conferred ~ith the General at 1100 hcurs on plans for Christmas for the Viennese children and shortly thereafter General Clark re turned to his villa with iTS . Clark . J.t 1400 hours he went for a tour of Vienna , accompanied by I.Irs . Clark and n, returning to his villa at 1600 hocrs . In the evening he had dinner I j th .~s . Clark and Ann at the villa and retired early . . lJuring the night the General received the good news that all pas encers on the crashed plane v1ere still alive and in good condition . V ~Nr , NOV The Commanding General ' s office received a copy of the followiLg telegram, from SEC~.,T TE to 1.:LEG TI N VIENNA, Secret, No . 1031 , paraphrase: ttRef your No . M.G.3 and 1465 of 20 ov . here should be no hesitation on your part in reassuring officials of the us Govt on basic erican policy stressing the following.: n1 . There is no basis in fact for these rumors which appear from time to time as an effort to enlarge discussions into a deal and which have most lately come up in connection with discussions of US plans for mandated ·acific Islands . "2 . "'ffort is constantly being exerted to deal .with the Russians in UN and elsewhere on all points of difference suc h as the effort to achieve early consideration of the J.us treaty and agreement on the problem of German assets so that there can be a return to normalcy in the wart~rn countries including Southeastern Eurupe . 11 .3 . Until other occupyine powers also withdrawn and until a treaty reestablishing a democratic and free ustrian state is in power, there vdll be no withdrawal from ustria . 11 4 . Rumors false in light of the US program for continuation of large scale economic aid . n Acheson J1ctinr . * * * * VIEr·~h , NOVE..B.&R 24 1946: General Clark remained at h:.Ls villa throughout the daJ taking a long walk in the morning with Colonel Sullivan . In the evening he had General and .~1r-s . Dager, Colonel and .: rs. Sullivan and Lt . Colonel and l 1Irs . Carl ton Y~ . S.argent as dinner guests . * * * �49 VIEr,.'lIA, NOVEMBER 25, l946i General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He cleared up his accumw..ated. correspondence and then coni'erred with. Colonel Oxx on his attending the Executive Council meeting today. He then discussed with General Hickey and Colonel Grogan the publicity angle on the crashed plane after which he conferred with Colonel Shineman, Transportation Chief, USACA.. General Clark then talked with Colonel Pesek 011 the arrangements for the reception et the hospital train which will arrive at l+"'ranz Josef Bahnhof at 2050 hours tonight. After conferring again nth General Hickey, General Clark left for his villa where he had lunch. In the afternoon General Clark took a walk and rested. After dinner with his family, the General went to the F'ranz Josef Bahnhof where he met the heapita.l train bringing the survivors of the plane back to Vienna. Mrs. Tate, Mrs. Snavely, Mrs. Haynes, General Haynes and Alice Mary McMahon were able to go to their homes while General and Mrs. lticMahon aild Captain Tate proeeeded to the hospital. It was wol'lderf'ul to be able to see these old friends in such good cordition after their almost tragic experience. The General returned to his villa at 21.30 hours. Chancellor Figl, Austrian Government, sent the following note to the Ganeral on the plane accident: - "Wit);l great joy I received the report that the passengers of the American airplane had been found in good health and had safely been brough:t into the valley. I deeply shared your anxiety concerning the fate of the missing perso:cs and was continuously informed of the course of the rescue proceedings. "May I ·a sk you, dear General, first of all to forward to General Tate the assurance of my sympathy and my joy for the rescue of Mrs. Tate and his son, and express him my hope that Mrs. Tate will recover from the terrible shock as soon as possible. 11.Accept, dear General, the assurance of my highest esteem.fl to V-i ar Department sent the following message to CG tJSFl, Ref No. S-6406, Confid•ntials "War Dept proposes Brig Gen Joseph Smith as replacement for Brig Gen Ralph A. Snavely on the General Officer rotation slate for July 1947. i'ie assume actual replacement would not occur until next June.. quest your comments." Re- * VIENNA, NOVEMBElt 26, 19461 General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 ho\lrs and immediately conferred with General Hickey who was followed by Colonel Oxx. The General called in General Saavely to discuss with him the publicity angle and the complicated problems surrounding the crashed plue in Switzerland. At 1030 hours General Vfoed of the Arm:, Exchange Service called on General Clark to pay his respects. General Weed is in Vienna for one day in order that he might investigate the Army Exchange Service. General Hickey and Colonel Paxson discussed with Gener.a l Clark the new troop streagth and assignments. Following this, General Clark cenf erred with General Tate en the crashing of the C•53 which was piloted by General Tate•s son. At 1215 hours General Clark received Mr. Leon Pearson, brother or Drew Pearson., alld head of the INS Bureau in Faris. Mr. Pearson , rrith h ·s "ife ~nd £'our chil dren, had arrived on the Mozart at 0700 hours this morning. .itter holding a half•hO\ll'." cont·erence with lvir. Pearson, the · General had him for lunch at the CG iiess in the Bank Building. After lunch �50 General Clark colli' erred with Mr. Erhardt and after seeing General Rickey left his Headquarters for his villa where he rested during the af'ternooa. At 1830 hours he received Mr. and Mrs. Pearson and family ·and at 1900 hours General and Mrs. Clark received Senator Wayne Morse, Republican from Oregon, who arrived by private plane this afternoon. Senator Morse is observing and studying problems of military government 1:a connection with his senatorial duties alxi will remain h Vienna for two daya. After dinner General Clark conferred with Senator Morse and Mr. Pearson. General Clark sent the following personal message te General McNarney, Confidential, _P-6272: "Confirming eur conversation t hia morning concur in War Dept proposal te rotate Gen Ralph Snavely. The job here does not war• rant the assignment of a Gea officer, but have no objection te Gen Joseph Smith.'s assignment if desired by War Dept. In view of above the services ef Brig a.. Snavely can be spared at an earlier date." General Clrk .s ent the following message te General Echols, Restricted, P-6263: "You may recall that I was instrumental in obtaining authority fer Mr. Robt K. Christenberry, !>resident Hotel Assoc ,;,f America to come ever .here last liev. Me was extremely valuable in assist1n.g us in. our food, housing and recreatienal preblems, particularly for enlisted mu. •With the influx of American businessmen, civilian employees and depe:adents since Mr. Christenberry,' s last visit we are confronted with a ·complex problem· in matters of hotel management, food conservation, mess improvement and consolidation. "It would be of great assistance to me if Mr. Christenberry could retur• to Viennt\ for an0ther series ef collferences and inspections. Re• quest necessary steps be taken to send lb:-. Christenberry to Vielma for a period of 3 to 4 weeks. Please inform me of estimated time ef arrival.• VIENNA, ·.NOVEf¥ffiER 27, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours. He immediately conferred with Colonel Sullivan, Chief of Civilian , Supply, U~ACA, on the food situation. The RussiaM have stopped all indigenous food from flo\villg eu~ of t l1eir zone, consequently causing somewhat of a crisis. General Clark received Senater Morse at 0930 heure ed cenferred with him until 1100 hours o• the conditions and complicated ·problems in Austria. Senator Morse tlien met with several members ef the statt who briefed him on various subjects such .as finance, agriculture, etc. General Clark talked with Generals Tate and Hickey and at ll30 hours received Dr. Gruber, Austrian Foreign Minister, who has just returnea from the United States. Senator Morse returmed at 1230 hour£i; and met Dr. Gruber with whom he conferred f or a time. Immediately upen .departure of Milu.ster Gruber, General Clark entertained Senator Morse at lU11ch .i n the CG Mess in the Bank Building. After lunch the General conferred with Mr. Erhard-£ and at 1530 hours returned to his villa.. At 1830 hours General Clark returned to the Ba.Bk Building where he met General Bethouart am acoempal11ed him tc a cocktail party given by the French Commander for the French veterans of t he Italian campaign. General Clark, h ~ving been their Cemmander-in-C;hief', was invited to this party in that capacity. The General returned to his villa at 2000 hours where he had dinner with his ·family. * �5l VlE.l'fflA, NOVE:,ffiER 28, 1946:: General Clark arrived at his off ice at 1000 hours and at 10.30 h0urs received General Betb.C>uart with whom he c,u.u'erred 011 the food problem. Ger1eral Clark has arrived at ·a plan. whereby a food committee would be formed consisting of a member from each of the four power•, one from the Jl.ustriu Government url one frem UNRRA, to investigate the food problem and by peeling all f ,ood arrive at a workable sclutie.11. to this critical question. General Bethouart left headquarters at 1120 hours.' Immediately upon the conclusion ef the food conference, General Clark received Marcus Ray, special assistant te the Secretary of War who ia in the theater investigating the employment ind redeployment of negro treops. Mr. Ray conferred with the General until 1200 hours oa various problems eencer~g negro troops. General Clark then conferred with Col. Kretzmann a:nd left the office at 1245 hours to walk to his villa 1il ere he had Thanksgiving dinner with bis family. h the evening General and Mrs. Clark and Ann called on _General and Mrs. Tate and then were guests for evenhg dinner at the homa of Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan.. . General Clark received the following message from War Dept (F.chola) Restricted, No Ref. Number: "Robert K:. Christenberry, President Betel Astor, agrees to return Vienna 'fer series conference• and iaspection on toed, heusing and recreatienal problems. He is un.able advise exact date he will be available, hewever, that information. will be subn.itted in near future. Please advise salary basis en m ich you desire Cnristoberry. Nothing further.• ( VIENNA, NOVEMBER 29, 1946.: General Clark, arrived at his office at 0845 hours and spent the early part of the morning conferring with Mr. Erhardt, General Tate and Colonel Oxx on the agema for the .tlllied Council meeting. Today will be a critical session because of the food situation which is the main point on the agenda to be discussed. At 1040 hours General Clark, accompanied by Mr. Erhardt and General Tate, left Headquarters to go to the Allied Council meeting. During the meeting the four Commanders had a closed session on the food situation at which time General Clalk introduced a proposal for a food committee. Although the session was quite stormy, nothing definite was accomplished. General Clark returned tb Headquarters at 16.JO hours and immectiately held a press conference attended by the fpllowingJ Caroline Camp M. W. Fodor G. K. Hodenfield Ernest Leiser John MacCormac A. J. McChrystal Stars am Stripes Chicago Sun Associated Press Stars and Stripes New York Times Karl Quigley International ~ews Service New York Times Time and Life United Press Albion Ross John Walker f. . M. Werner Samuel G:rossman Theodore Kaghan Newsweek A ti D Wiener Kurier At 1720 hours the General attended a cocktail party given by the �( Yugoslav political representative to ~ustria in commemoration of the first anniversary of the forming of the People's Republic of Yugoslavia. General Clark returned to his villa at 1900 hours ,1here he had dinner with Mrs. Clark. * * * VIENNA, NOVEM13EF( 3(), 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately conferred with General Hickey an:l later talked with General Tate. Mr. Marget (Fiscal) was called in on@ conference and following arune the General talked with Colonel D'Orsa who is now also head of the Civilian Food Supply. Later in the morning General Clark conferred with .GeneralHickey ,and Colonel Rutter on certain proposed marriages which G-2 had also disapproved because of the .political background of the prospective brides. The ,General left Headquarters and had lunch with l\-1 rs. Clark at the villa. At 1530 hours he returned to Headquarters and immediately conferred wi~h General Tate on subjects which he would discuss in the briefing to be given,·S enator Kenneth s. Wherry, Republican from Nebraska, who arrived at l~O hours. General Clark received the Senator at his office and held a tY1o•hour briefing, giving the Senator the background of the Austrian si.tuation. Senator Wherry accompanied General Clark to his villa where the General had guests for dinner an:i listened in on the broadcast of the Army-Navy game which emed _Army 21, Navy 18. ' ( General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Department, S~RET, P•63ll: ".At its meeting on 29 November 1946 the Allied Council for Austria considered aid rejected appeals lodged by the Aus Ministry of Justice on behalf of two Aus judges who had been members of Nazi organizations during the German occupation; noted a statement by the chairman on the progress of the Aus Denazification Law in the quadripartite Legal D-irectorate; and approved action taken by the Exec Committee since the last AC meeting, incl uding extension of authority to the Aus Gov to issue diplomatic and transit viaas to certain categories of individuals, approval of a number of non-constitutional laws, am recommendations to the Jlus Gov as to the steps that should be taken to decrease the Fed Budget during the remainder of the present fiscal year and for the fiscal year 1947. "At the begiDning of the meeting the Political Representative of the Republic of Chile, Signor Martin Figueroa, was presented to the Council. "The most important question under consideration at this meeting was that of the food situation in Austria. Because of the fact that the solution to this problem had not been resolved in the several formal quadripartite meetings held on this subject, it was decided to adjourn the Council meeting and hold an informal meeting of the four Al- . lied Commanders-in-Chief. At this inf'ormal session, I presented a resolution calling for the establishment of an advisory food board, consisting of reps of each of the occupying powers, UNRRA and the Aus Gov. This board, in cooperation with the Federal Food Ministry, would prepare the monthly food plan which would be submitted to the �53 for approval prior to the period covered therebyJ insure proper utilization of indigenous food in accordance with the food plan; and _recommend to the Allied C,ouncil any changes in the .ilus ration between now and the next harvest. My resolution also called for agreements that all indigenous and all ilnported food will be pooled and made available for use throughout all of Austria on a monthly basis and that each Al• lied occupying power will allow the Aus Gov to move foodstocks without restrictions, all in accordance with the approved monthly food plans. "As pointed out in previous messages from me, Sov interferences with the free movement of food products by the J!us Gov has been the greatest obstacle to the successful eareying out of a satisfactory food program. On the other hand, the Sovs excuse this action on their part on the grounds that their zone is being discriminated against in the matter of food imports from other zones, which is not· correct. My resolution was designed to settle these controversial questions once and for all~ The Brit atrl French High Commanders generally agreed to my proposals. The Sov acting High Commissioner, after considerable argument, agreed that the Council should meet at an extraordinary session on 3 December in an effort to settle food question. I hope that the pres• sure which I }lave been applying on the Sovs may induce tnem to get in line with the other occupying powers and may result in a general improve• ment in the food si tuation, both currently and in the post-UNRRA Period. "It i s therefore essential that my mil pipeline be filled up as planned by the War Dept and also that the 6o,OOO tons of wheat purchased with War Dept funds by UNRRA for the Aus account be redirected into my control. I have already recomme:r.rled this last measure. Only by having a large reserve can I force the Sovs into s haring the burden of feeding Vien~a. I feel that I can do this, even if I have to barter directly with the Sovs, and thus «\Vert a serious situation in Vienna am avoid t he terrific embarrassment wh1ch will come to both the US Element and the A.us Gov if we cannot continue to feed the population. In this con• nection see my P 6307." NJ ( * * * VIENNA, D~EMBER 1 1 1946: General Clark left the villa at 0845 hours and proceeded to 110th Station Hospital to visit Colonel and rs. McMahon. Arriving at his office at 0930 hours he immediately began working on the details for briefing Senator Wherry in the afternoon. He conferred with members of his staff including Generals Hickey and Tate an:i Colonels Sullivan and Oxx, Mr. Marget and Mini ster Erhardt. At 1130 hours, Lt. Clark conferred· with the General. At 1230 hours 1m General began to walk to the villa for lunch. After walking about three blocks the General, suffering r rom a cold, finished the trip by car. At 1500 hours General Clark returned to the office to confer with General Tate, Mr. Erhardt and Dr. Motz_prior to the arrival of Senator Wherry. At '1810 hours Senator Wherry, accompanied by Colonel Grogan, returned from his flight to Prague and immediatel y qame to the Commanding General's of'fice.- After a short briefing by General Clark, Senator Wher17 was interviewed by Mr. Ross of · t he .New York Times; and then conferred with Colonel Hynes, local CARE representative. At 1930 hours General and Mrs. Clark entertained Senator Wherry, President Renner, Foreign Minister and Mrs. Gruber, and Mr . and Mrs. Erhardt at dinner. The party was en• hanced by the presence of the gypsy orchestra from the Hotel BriStol. �( ) The Senato.r conferred with Dr. Gruber and President Renner concerning local politics and the .EA.ustrian situation. * * * * · vm .NA, D~EMBER 2 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0835 hours and prepared to receive Senator Wherry, who was ·to be further briefed on the local situation. The Senator arrived at 0940 hours for a short conference. At 1000 hours General Clark conferred wi th Colonel Grogan and at 'l0l0 hours spoke with Mr. Quigley of INS concerning data on what the Commanding General. has done to help Austria i n a humanitarian way. At 1030 hours the General again conferred with Colonel Grogan and Mr • .l!irhardt. At 1130 ho.u rs the General was joined by Mrs. Clark to attend a · decoration ceremony for Colonel Thomas Lewis, held in the Conference Room. Oolonel lewis, the retiring VAC commander, 1s l eaving to return to the States. In commemoration of his great service during the years 1940• 1946, when he was wi th General Clark, the l atter presented him with m.s second Legion of Merit medal. The General returned to his office with Mrs. Clark. At 1230 hours he hoo. lunch, having as his guests Senator Wherry, Colonel Grogan and Colonel Jefferson, the l atter accompanying Senator Wherry on his tour. At 1430 hours the General walked back to the vill a. At 1900 hours General and Mrs. Clark went to Minister Erhardt' s for cocktails and at that time bade Senator Wnerry goodbye. VlENijA, .u~EMBER .3, 1946: ·General Clark arrived at his of fice at 0900 hours and conferred with Generals Tate and Oxx, Coloneli D'Orsa, and Lt. Colonels .McFeely and Kretzmann. General H~vn~s is soon to be released as Special Advisor to the General and will be assigned as head of the Military Government for Upper Austri a. Colonel D1 0rsa was contacted regarding two shiploads of food whi~h arrived at Bremerhaven which were meant for shipment to Austria. However, it ns found that these shipments upon being unloaded were shortstopped by Military authorities in liermany for use in that area. Before t he day ended it was determined that this food, 14 tons in all, would be shipped into the Austrian Zone. Colonel Kretzmann made his daily report concerning Chancellor Figl am received t he Generals instructions concerning certain press releases on the food situation which he wished Chancellor Figl to have prepared for release upon t he General's directi on. At 1035 hours, accompanied by Mr. Erhardt am General Tate and Colonel Oxx, the General l eft for the All ied Council meeting. During the ·day his office received reports concerning the progress of theectraordinary eouncil meeting held for the purpos,e of discussing and perhaps solving the crit ical food situation. During the course of the meeting the Russians introduced their proposal for solving the food situation and Great Britain later introduced its own proposal. The proposal of General Clark had been submitted at the last meeting November 29. Following a stormy session on food tbe High Commis$ioners conferred on occupation costs. At 1730 hours the General returned to his office and immediately held a press conference attended by the follow:L~; · ( �M. w. Fodor G. K. Hodenf'ield Josef Israels Ernest Leiser A. J. McChrystel Karl Quigley Albion Ross John Walker M. M. Werner Theodore Kaghan Samuel Grossman Chicago Sun Associated Press This Week Stars and Stripes News Week International News Service New York Times · Time and Life United Press Wiener Kurier AND At 1810 hours the General returned to the villa for dinner. At 1945 General arxi Mrs . Clark visited the home of Captain Rogers and then returned to their villa to retire. * ( VIENNA, DlOOEMBER 4, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately conferred with General Hickey on several. routine official matters. He later talked with Colonel Paxson and General Hickey and at 1000 hours saw Colonel Rich. At 1015 hours General Clark conferred with General Haynes on his new assignment as Military Governor of Upper A.ustria. General Haynes was followed by Mr. Quigley of INS, who interviewed the General for fifteen minutes. Mr. Erhardt saw GeneraJ. Clark at 1045 hours at which time he discussed the General's atte~dance at the discussion of the ..:Austrian peace treaty, when this subject arises. Later ·Mr. Erhardt introduced Mr. Karl L. Rankin, who will be number two man in the Political Section. Lt. Colonel Ted Klein saw the General in order to present him with a mandolin made entirely of match sticks. This instrument had been made by an Austrian civilian arrl presented to the General as a gift. At 1130 hours General Clark received Sgt . Henry F. Faust of VAC Headquarters, who is the 300th recruit in a new recruiting program for Regular £Army. Colonel D1 0rsa talked with the General for a short time on the food situation and cleared a few cables with him. Later Colonel Howard saw the General immediately following which the General left Headquarters for his villa where he had. lunch with Mrs. Clark. The General spent the afternoon at his villa and in the evening had Colonel and Mrs . Eberhardt and Colonel and Mrs. Pomeroy as his guests .:for dirmer. * l * * VIENNA, llIDEMBER 5, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0940 hours. After going over a few papers he conferred with General Hickey and later with General Tate. At 1030 hours General Tate brought Colonels Ladue and Grogan and Mr. Erhardt in to see the General concerning the activities of ISB. After talking with Colonel Howard, General Clark had a l ong· conference with Mr . Arthur MeChrystal, ·who is now here ·in Vienna as an accredited war correspondent, on his activities with ISB while head of that organization. At 1160 hours General Clark saw Colonel McLean, Judge Advocate, at which time he reviewed eleven court martial cases, a:rxi immediately following saw Colonel Grogan again. After going over accumulated correspondence, General Clark went to his villa where he had lunch with Mrs . Clark. lEn the evening General Clark saw the movie "Anne and the King of Siamtt at his villa. �VIENNA, DIDEMBER 6, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately held a long conference with General Tate, following which he saw General Hickey. After going over several official documents General Clark held a long conference with Mr. Erhardt. Later he called on Colonel Shaler, head of' USACA, concerning the budget for the forthcoming period, during which time the u.s. Element will be in the Chair of the Allied Council. Colonel Sayen and Colonel Heath were called in concerning this conference. Later the General saw Generals Hickey am Dager and Colonel Grogan on arrangements for the "Christmas in V'ienna" dance to be held for the enlisted personnel in Vienna. It had been discovered that the program had incl uded qui te a group of former Nazi party members and General Clark reviewed the details on t his subject very ciosely. After having conferred again with Colonel Grogan, General Clark left his office for his villa where he had lunch with Mrs. Clark. During the afternoon he ~eviewed official documents in his office at the vil la and in the evening had dinner with hiS family. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff pass to State Department, SIOORET, P-6342: ( "At an extraordinary session of the .1.Allied C.o uncil 3 December, two subjects were discussed: (1) Occupation costs and (2) Austri~n food supply. "Allied Council agreed on occupation costs for current quarter ending 31 December and for f'irst quarter 1947. For current quarter agreed on 25% of A.ustrian civil budget (187.5 million Schillings) with Sovs receiving 112.5 million and each other element receiving 25 million Schillings. Larger proportion given to Sov Element because of contemplated redeployment substantial S.ov Forces in near future. F'ar be it from me to interfere with the withdrawal of Sov Troops from Aus. For first quarter 1947 occupation costs to be 15% of Aus budget (131.3 million Schillings) with Sov Element reeeiving 4U million and each other element receiving 30.4 million. In connection with discussions in Al.lied Council this subject see my message P-634,0. "The food situation in Austria has been critical for some time as reported in my several messages sent during the past month. Most of the time con~umed in the extraordinary meeting was devoted to a full discussion of this subject. · · "It has been my desire from the outset to treat Austria as a unit, particularly with reference to food. With UNRRA injected into the picture, with only partial means of providing the pr esent 1550 ealorie ration scale, and with the only other resource being indigenous food, it is essential that al l cormnanders permit the Aus Gov cQmplete freedom in moving indigenous supplies . from one zone to another in order to carry out food plans drawn up by the Gov in conjunction with UNRRA. The Sovs in the .AC have repeatedly gone on record in agreeing to allow the Austrians to move indigenous supplies other t han oil and foodstuffs on land which the Sovs have requisitioned or claimed to be Sov property under Potsdam.Thi s they agreed to as late as the 25th of Oct 1946. However, for the past month the Sovs have imposed increasing restrictions on the movement of indigenous food out of their zone, even though t he food to be moved had been set up in the Aus Gov food plan. "Prior to the regular meeting of the £. on 29 Nov and the extra• �ordinary meeting on 3 Dec, I had several conferences with the other commanders on the subject of the food situation. The Sov Commander admitted to me that he could not permit the Aus Gov to move indigenous food p1~0ducts out of the Sov Zone without restriction. He stated that there was starvation in the Sov Zone last winter and he could not permit this to happen again because of diversion of indigenous food to other zones. He realizes that UNR.R.A is going out of the picture and that he can no longer look to that source for addl supplies to his zone. On the other hand, . he admitted that the Sov Union was j.mporting no food into Aus and that because of food shortages in the Sov Union no imports from that source would be forthcoming in the future. The Brit and French Commanders are greatly concerned over the situation because they have no assurance as yet from their Govs that they can import any food when UNRR.A aid expires. Both the Brit arrl French -zones have very limited indigenous food supplies. These two zones face the most critical condition if Sov restrictions continue to be applied and the Brit and French are unable tu import from outside sources. 0 At the extraordinary meeting on 3 Dec this subj ect was thoroughly aired. The Sovs submitted resolution which embodied many of my proposals made at the regular .AC meeting on 29 Nov but contained a provision to censure the Aus Gov for raising the ration from 1200 calories to 1550 oalo:des. The Sovs. held out strongly for censuring the Aus Gov. Brit, Amer and French elements were as strong in t heir apposition to such a proposal . as it was obvious the Sovs wanted t censure the Gov only for political reasons. The other point of difference in the Sov resolution was not reconciled and .further discussion of the whole matter was deferred until the next regular meeting of the .AC on 13 December. It was agreed, however, that for the next ration period , 9 Dec to 3 Jan each commander would allow the Aus Gov to move indigenous food supplies freely without interference by occupational forces. It remains to be seen how effectively the Sovs will carry out their part of this agreement . The situation after 3 Jan remains to be settled. "In tne discussion which took place at the extraordinary meeting, it became qu:i te clear to me that the Sovs intend to use food as a pol i tical weapon in Aus. The Russian blockade of food shipments has led to serious local accumulati ons and only the mild weather has prevented serious losses frqm frost and exposure. In some districts the storage houses are completely filled and peasants arriving at collection points with grain and potatoes have been sent home with their produce unloaded and mldelivered. This practice must inevitably result in waste and loss of indigenous food. The local Sov and Communist Press continually denounce the Chancellor for rais j_ng the ration and they are quick to publish articles stressing the lack of food in certain areas 'because of government d~stribution inefficiency. So far the Sovs have not interfered with any movements1 of UNRRA supplies. "At the extraordinary meeting I took a strong stand against Sov practice and pointed out to the Sov commander the violation of his many agreements, including t he UNRRA agreement, and that reluctantly I was prepared to undertake Zonal feeding unless the Sovs came into line on a reasonable policy for feeding Aus. The Sov commander knows that I will obtain imports through my mil pipeline and that I will be prepared to meet any threat he might · put up to bring about starvation, particularly in Vienna. I am certain that this fact was the principal reason that he agreed to allow the movement of indigenous food for the next ration a period. - �''This · is an indication that the treat of using my food has produced some results in the solution of the critical food problem in Aus. ThiS has been impossible as long as we were dependent entirely on UNRRA for imports. It is therefore obvious that under present conditions in Aus best results cannot be obtained by using an international organizati on for. pr oviding relief.There are indications in the press that certain nations · and influences are making efforts to retain UNRRA or some other international organization after Jan l, financed primarily by the US, but without power to protect the interests of the US Gov. I am most emphatically opposed to such an organization having any future operations in Aus. I feel that the best interests of the US in Aus can be protected by placing full control of food and other supplies purchased with American funds in the hands o! the US Com,nissioner rather than under the control of any international organization. ~y having complete control of food and other relief supplies furnished by US funds I can insure their best use in the /lus economy and use these resources to force the other powers to contribute a greater share toward the reconstruction of the country. I urge my .Gov to support this view. 11 * I { * * VIE!'\JNA, D~EMBER 7, 1946: General Clark arrived at hJ_s office at 0930 hours. After dictating several letters, General Clark saw 1\/ir. Erhardt and latei talked with General Rickey concerning the final arrangements for the Christmas in Vienna" dance. He next held a long conference with Ge~ral Tate and called in Colonel Lazar for a meeting on the plans for the Christmas parties for A.ustri~ns. At 1200 hours Mrs. Clark came to the General's office and waited for him while he finished reviewing official papers. Accompanied by Mrs. Clark, the .General left his office to go his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. In the evening he had Colonel and Mrs . Sullivan and Colonel and Mrs. Howard as dinner guests. General Clark received the following telegram from General Gruenther: "Casey phoned to advise me that McCarthy group is becoming restless and desires some expression of intention from their principal. He suggested that he would like to talk to you by phone but I know no way that can be arranged unless you have a plan. If no phone connection is possible he will send you summary of Group position by letter. He is very eager to save time however. 11 General Clark sent the following message to General Gruenther in reply to the above telegram:_ "It was my impression that McCarthy group was going to communicate with me as a result of our last conference. No practical way to talk by telephone. Calls must be initiated liere for three minutes and are booked up heavily for soldiers prior to holidays. Suggest he send full details by letter. Upon receipt I will be able to give hi@ the expression he desires.'' ( * �59 VIEN A, D~EMBER 8, 1946: General Clark remained at hj s villa durittg the day and took a long walk in the morning with Mrs. Clark. After lunch ·the General rested and then went over some official papers. In the evening he had dirmer with his family at the villa. * * VIEN ~A, DE£E1i1BER 9, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours and immediately saw Colonel Smith, Headquarters Commandant, who was waiting for him • . Colonel Smith discussed the arrival of the new colored Gar Company which will be stationed in Vienna and the selection of Major Kolber as Comp~ny Commander. Major Rolber was formerly with G-1, Zone Command. At 1015 hours General Clark rec~ived Colonel~hingler, new Theater Engineer officer who is inspecting engineer installations in Austria. Next General Clark saw Colonel Paxson, and after conferring with G~neral Tate attended a decoration ceremony in the Conference Room where he presented eleven enlisted men with the Army Commendation Ribbon for their meritorious service while serving in USFA. Immediately following the ceremony, General Clark was interviewed by Mr. Robert Low, present Chief of Time and Life Bureau in Rome, who wil l be coming to Vienna around the first of -the year in the same capacity. He conferred with Mr. Low until 1230 hours and then saw 1 r. Erhardt. rJir. Erhardt was followed by Joe Israels, war correspondent. At 1315 hours General Clark had lunch in t he Bank Building with Mr. Low as hj s guest. After seeing General Hickey and General Tate, the General dictated some letters and at 1600 hours left his office for his villa where he spent the remainder of the - ( day. * VIE~NA, DECEMBER 10, 1946: General Glark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately held a long conferenc.e with Colonel Lloyd, Inspector General, who had j ust returned to Vienna from the Zone where he had made several investigati ons, the resul ts of which he discussed with the General at this time. Later General Cl ark discu sad several routine matters with General Hickey and then received General Snavely who presented to General Clark Major General Tur ner, C.ommanding General of the European Division of ATC. At 1035 hours General Tate conferred with the General f or a short t ime concerning the agenda to be discussed at the Executive Committee to be held at 1100 hours today. The General called in hi s son, Lt. Clark, in order to discuss with him his possible transfer from Austria to the 88th Division in Italy. After having seen Lt. Clark the General dictated several l etters and then saw Colonel Pesek immediatel y followi ng which he l eft his office to go to the vil la where he -had l unch with Mrs. Ulark. In the afternoon he reviewed some papers in his office in the villa and in the evening had Dr . and 1rs. Motz as dinner guests. * * * D:mEMBER 11, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediatel y conferred with Colonel Grogan concerni ng press release that Brigadier Parminter gave out on UNRRA last night. · Following thi s conference General Clark conferred with General Tate and Colonel Kretzmann and later saw Colonel Lloyd. At 1045 hours General Clat.t- held a long conference with General. Collins, who arrived from the Zone this VIEN1 , �morning. Following this conference with General Collins, the General recorded a Christmas speech which will be delivered over local New England stations. At 1215 hours GeneraL Clark conferred with Mr. Erhardt and then had lunch in the CG Mess in the Bank Building. After lunch the General held a long conference with General Tate, Colonel Howard and Mr. Erhardt and later saw General Tate and General Hickey. At 1500 hours General Clark left the office to go to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. In the evening he had General Hickey, General Collins and Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan as guests. The General sent the following message to WAR WBSCA ES, SECRET , P"Ref URAD 7 Dec WARX-87190. The 60,000 tons wheat referred to in my P-6174 is that mentioned in par 3b of WARX-87190. I again urge that this wheat not repeat uot be shipped as UNRRA supply but instead be shipped to me as a military supply. The reasons for this recommendation remain as stated in my P-6174. There is still no guarantee that the food problem here will be satisfactorily solved unless I reta111 control of dis~ tribution of this wheat and thereby force Soviets to cooperate in the distribution of' indigenous food supplies from their zone. 11 6380: * * * VIENNA, DIDEMBER 12, 1946: Ge11eral Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately conferred with General Hickey on some routine matters, following which he talked with Colonel Lloyd for a long time. After seeing Colonel Grogan, the General conferred with General Tate and later bade good• bye to Colonel Burrill, who is leaving Vienna to become Military Attache at Helsinki, F'inland. !VI.rs . Clark dropped in at the office to see the General after which General Tate conferred with General Clark. The General had lunch in the CG MesH of the Bank ,Building, and after lunch he talked with Generals Tate and Hickey. Later he saw Colonel Mc~ullin on distribution of CARE packages fhr Christmas. At 1500 hours General Ford, a classmate of General Clark and at present theater Ordnance Officer, called on General Clark. General Clark left his office at 1600 hours to go to the villa where he spent the remainder of t ·1e day. * VIE.NNA, il~EMBER lJ, * * 1 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and spent the greater part of the morning conferring with General Tate, Colonel Oxx and Mr . Erhardt on the briefing for the Allied Council meeting. ·Today the big items on the agenda are food and denazification. General Clark returned from the Allied Council _meetl.ng at 1600 hours. This was the first meeting in wh i ch the Russians were very cooperative, ~aking outstanding results. The General held a press conference immedj_ately following the meeting which was attended by the following correspondents: Simon Bourgin Caroline Camp Seymour Freidin Emma Mae Ewing G. K. Hodenfield Ernest Leiser Robert Low Time and Life Stars and Stripes New York Herald Tribune Nashville Tennessean Associated Press Stars and Stripes Time and Life �Karl Quigley Albion Ross M. M• .Werner Samuel Grossman International News Service New York Times United Press A ND (ISB ) Shortly thereafter the General left for his villa to entertain General and Mrs. Ford and Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan. * * VIENNA, DEC&1VIBER 14, 1946: General Clark arrived at his offic·e at 0900 hours and immediately saw Colonel Lloyd. At 1015 hours Mr. Meyer Special Assistant to the Chairman of the -National Red Cross, and a party consisting of Mr. Betts, Mr. Stevens, who is Commissioner for the ETO Red Cross, and Mr. Kunde, called on General Cl~k. After this conference the General conferred with Uolonel McLean, Judge Advocate, following which he saw Lt. Clark. At 1030 hours Mr. Ewing, representative of American . Relief for Austria, Inc., conferred with General Clark concerning the relief work of this organizati on in Austria. Colonel Grogan then saw the General, and Colonel Norcross stopped in to bid the General goodbye as he is leaving ror the States to be separated from the service. After conferring with Generals Tate and · Hickey, General Clark saw Col Oxx at which time he cleared the JCS cable reporting the results of the Allied Council meet ing yesterday. After conferring again with Colonel Grogan Gene~al Clark saw Colonels Pesek and Kretzmann in order to wish them happy birthday and then left for hi s villa where he s pent the afternoon. At 1800 hours the General, accompanied by Mrs. Clark and Ann, Captain Rogers, Captain Tate-, Lt. Slaughter, the Misses Marnie Haynes and Virginia Mary Motz left on his private train to go to Kitzbfuiel ' and then into Switzerland • .. * * * n SALZBURG-KITZBUHEL, DECEMBER 15, 1946.: General Clark's train arrived Salzburg at 0700 hours and was met by General Collins .and Colonel Hume at 0830 hours. After breakfast on the train, General Clark conf erred with General Collins and then departed from Salzburg at 1000 hours. He arrived Kitzbfillel at 1300 hours and immediately went to the Ehrenbachh~he Hotel where he was to stay for a few days rest. In the afternoon the General had his first experience at skiing and after dinner enjoyed a floor show of local Tyrolean folksongs and dances. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Dept, SEX:RET, P-6415; ''Regular session of AC on 1.3 Dec was characterized by an unusual spirit of cooperation and desire to reach unanimous agreement on the three major items which comprised the agenda and by a complete reversal by t he Sov member of the positi ons previously taken by his element on these bghly controversial matters. It was the most successful meeting of the Council in many months, as is evidenced by the fact that a communique .was issued for the first time since 28 June 1946. "On the question of denazificati on of Aus higher institutions of' learning, the Council agreed on a resolution taking cognizance of the action already taken by the Fed Gov and declaring that denazification of such in- �( J ( stitutions was a matter to be carried out by the :B 'ed Gov under supervision of the Allied Commission. The ·council instructed the Internal Affairs and Education Directorates of the Allied Commission to hasten the denazification of faculty members and asked the Fed Gov to submit a report by 15 Feb on the results achieved in the denazification of students under the provisions of a decree promulgated by the Fed Minister of Education on 6 Dec . That part of the original Sov proposal which called for the closing of the institutions until denazification could be completed was not raised again by the Sov member and was not adopted . The Council I s action on this question followed a recent disturbance at the Univ of Vienna in connection with student elections . · "Final agreement was reached on the new ·n enazification Law by the ,A.us Parliament on 24 July and which, for many months , has been the subj act of • much discussion and controversy in the lower echelons of the Allied Commission. A considerable number of amendments, many of which tend to make the law more strict , had already bean agreed by the Exec Com . These were accepted by the Council. Complete agreement was accomplished when allelements adopted a US-proposed provision requiring that implicatedNtzis considered dangerous to the security of' Aus and who might be arrested and confined in detention camps have the ·right to habeas corpus proceedings, hearing before a proper tribunal and other rights guaranteed under existing Aus law. The US High Commissioner had held out alone against a Sov proposal which was supported by the Brit and }'ranch, that would have deprived individuals thrown into detention camps of their personal liberty without the right of trial or judicial hearing. The Denazification Law now goes back to the Aus Gov for implementation of the AC decis i ons . Its promulgation will. constitute a major step toward the completion of denazification in Aus, and, since there was unanimity on the question, should remove one of the Sov objections to the consideration of an Aus peace t reaty. "With respect to the question of food supply in Aus, the long- standing deadlock caused by the uncompromising attitude of the Sovs was finally broken when the Sov member joined with the other three el ements in agreeing a resolution which incl uded substantially all the points which the US High Commissioner has been insisting upon for many months . The resolution provides for a complete pooling of Aus indigenous food resources, with unhampered access to such resources guaranteed to the Fed Gov by all the Occupying Powers. The resolution provides also that food imported from any source will be pooled and placed at the disposal of the Aus Gov for distribution throughout all cf Aus in accordance with monthly food plans formulated by the F'ed Gov and approved by the AC. It was further stipulated that the food ration scale would be uniform throughout Aus so long as the scale remains above 1,200 calories daily, and that' if the scale drops below that figure, the food situation will be reconsider·ed by t h e AC . This provision was proposed by the US High Commissioner but had been heretofore strongly opposed by _the Sovs, Brit and French. As a result of t hese agreements, it is poped that the Aus food problen can now be solved so as to assure a fair and equitable distribution of food throughout al l t he occupation zones and the City of Vienna. The maintenance of a ration scale not only up to the existing 1550 calorie l evel but also higher than a 1200 calorie level is still , however, absolutely dependent on my having control of the 60,000 tons of wheat, as previously pointed out in my cables :Nov P-6174 and. P- 6311 anu Dec P- 6380 .. n * * �KITZB'OHEL, DECEMBER 16, 1946: General Clark awakened late and after breakfast took a long walk with Mrs. Clark. He spent the remainder of the day relaxing and resting . General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff , SECRET, P- 6417: 11Ref is made to para 2, i~ar Message VlX 87482, which states no meat, sugar ·o r fats available for shipment against approved food program detailed para 14 War essage WX 86185 ~ Seriousness this decision must be emphasized. Elimination these items from program will result in a diet made up largely of wheat , pulses and milk, which cannot be considered satisfactory, particularly in view low calorie diet of Austrians for over one and one half years . "I urge reconsideration this decision and every possible source of supply be explored to provide reqmrements of meat or meat substitutes, sugar and fats . n I SECSTATE sent the following message to Moscow, copy to Vienna, Paris·, #1070: You requested, after consultation your Brit colleague, who instructed take parallel action, deliver note following lines to Sov For Office and press for early reply . "Ref is made to the resolution on post;.UNRRArelief adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on Dec 11 which recognizes that some cd'untries will continue to need assistance after cessation of Ul RRA operations and calls upon members of the United Nations to assist in furnishing relief when and where needed and to coordinate their respective relief programs and activities as far as possible . "The Allied Commission for Aus has in effect recognized that Aus will continue to need a considerable measure of relief . It is evident that there is special need to coordinate relief for Aus in view of fact that this country is still under quadripartite occupation. US Gov therefore approaching all ·o ccupying powers in order to ascertain whether they are prepared to contribute post- U~'RRA relief of Aus . "UK Gov has already indicated willingness to make pounds 10 million . available for such relief . For its part US Gov prepared to make substantial contribution. 11 US, Gov desires to see adoption of relief program for .Aus as a whole . It believes that such a program can be adopted and carried out if all occupying powers agree to make appropriate contributions , to permit the free flow of indigenous and impo:r-ted supplies throughout Aus to abstain from consuming food stuffs needed by Aus people and to create conditions enabling Aus to pay, by maximizing the exportof Aus products, for as large· a portion as pobsible of its import requirements . The US Gov is convinced that such a program will greatly assist in achieving a "free and indeperrlent Aus" and attaining the "economic security" for the Aus people to which the occupying powers pledged themselves in the Moscow Declaration of Nov 111943 . "In this connection US Gov notes with satisfaction Allied Commission for Aus agreed on Dec 13 on fo od distribution plan for Aus as a whole but acknowledged at same time that indigenous food supplies together with assured imports would be insufficient to maintain the present ration in Aus until the 1947 harvest . 11 ( �"The US Gov is therefore confident that the foundation has now been laid for the adoption of a relief import program for Aus as a whole and that the Sov Gov as well as the Govs of other occupying powers will now agree to instruct its authorities in Aus to participate in the formulation and implementation of such a program under the conditions noted above. Since the present UNRRA supply arrangements will be terminated in the near future the US Gov trusts that this matter will receive the urgent attention of m3 Sov Gov . "If For Office objects that UN resolution mentioned above established · special technical committee to study relief import requirements you should stress need to have requirements assessed first by AC on spot which could then inform technical committee. "Sent t o Moscow as 2147, rptd to Paris as Dept's 6486; to V.ienna as Dept'~ 1070 for info only with addition "please inform Gen Clark . " KITZBUHEL- ZURICH, DEE MBER 17 , 19461 General Clark left the hotel at 0845 hours and walked to the cable car where he was joined by the rest of the party • .After reviewing a French Honor Guard he boarded his train at Kitzbuhel station and arrived at Feldkirche at 1430 .hours . General Legge, Military Attache in Bern, met the train and after reviewing a French Honor Guard, General Clark's party, . accompanied by General Legge, left by car to drive to Zurich . The General's party arrived at the Hotel Dolder, Zurich, at 1830 hours and in the evening they had dinner with Mr . and Mrs . Sam Wood , American Consul in Zurich • .r * . * BERN , S\UTZERLAND, DECEMBER 18, 1946: General Clark spent the morning shopping in Zurich with Mrs . Clark and .&rm. After lunch the General's party left for Bern arriving at the home of Minister Harrison at 1715 hours . In the evening they attended a dinner party given by General and Mrs . Legge. * ( * BERN , S\'ilTZERLAND, D:EDE.7\IIBER 19 ., 1946: General Clark spent the morning shopping with Mrs . Clark and at 1300 hours had lunch with the rest of his party and General and Mrs . Legge at the Schweitzerhof Hotel . The party continued their shopping in the afternoon and at 1500 hours returned to the home of Minister Harrison where they were staying . In the evening Mr . Harrison gave a formal dinner in honor of General Clark which was attended by the President and Foreign Minister of Switzerland. Austrian Chancellor Figl sent the following message to the General: "In connection with the impending Christmas holidays and the approaching turn of the year, I take the liberty to transmit, in my name and the name of the &us Fed Gov, the most cordial and sincere fel i citations . "I also want to use this occasion to express enthusiastic gratitude for the magnanimous support which you bestowed upon me and my gov . "At the same time I should like to express the hope that in the new year too , close cooperation will exist between the occupation forces and the J..lus Fed Gov. May the new year bring peace and welfar e to all people • . HAccept , dear General , . the expression of my highest esteen. 11 * * �) BERN-LUCERNE-FELDKIRCHE, DECEMBER 20, 1946: General Clark's party, accompanied by ~inister Harrison and General Legge, departed from Bern by car at 1000 hours. They motored to Lucerne where they had lunch as guests of Jinister Harrison. After luncheon they ba&goodbye to the Minister and drove to Feldkirche where the General boarded his private train at 1800 hours after reviewing a French Honor Guard . They left Feldkirche immediately for the return trip to Vienna. General Clark sent the following communication to Colonel General L.V. Kurasov, Commander in Chief of Soviet Occupation Troops: "On Dec 21st, the Chairman of the Sov of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, I. V. Stalin, will celebrate the anniversary of his birth. May I transmit to you ~y greetings on this festive occasion. 11 It is my earnest hope on this anniversary, that M arshal Stalin may enjoy now, and in the future years, the good fortune and success that his services to the Soviet Union richly merit. n * ( * VIENNA, DEEEMBER 21, 1946: General Clark 's train arrived Vienna at 0830 hours and was met by Generals Tate and Hickey. The General. went to his office immediately where he learned by cable which had just arrived of his appointment as Deputy to Secretary of State Byrnes for the peace treaty in London to be held beginning January 14. This will necessitate his being in London for some time am later going to Moscow for the f:i:nal peace treaty discussions. The General discussed his new assignrnent at great length with Mr. Erhardt and made plans with General Tate and Colonel Oxx. He also talked with General Hickey . At 1300 hours General Geoffrey Keyes , present Commander of Third Army in Qermany, arrived in Vienna in order to discuss with General Clark the duties as Commander of USI'A. General Keyes will replace General Clark when he relinquishes command. The General entertained General Keyes at lunch at hi s villa and then they returned to Headquarters at which time they held a long conference. In the evening General Clark had General Keyes at t he villa for dinner and immediately after General Keyes left on the Mozart to return to his Headquarters. The remainder of the eve~ing was spent decorating the Christmas tree for the first Christmas the General ,vill spend with his family in five years . General Clark sent the fallowing message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, Confidential, P-6444: "Swiss desire to acquire ownership of the c.-53 airplane number 8846 that crashed in Switzerland 19 Nov. They have been negotiating with OFE for purchase. In view of the magnificent job done by the Swiss people in rescuing the passengers and in cooperating fully in all other phases of ta search and rescue I recommend our Gov give this plane to the Swiss Gov without cost as a ge.sture.· of app~eciation for t he magnificent services rendered . "I have tal ked with the American Minister in Switzerl and about this and he concurs." General Clark sent the following congratulatory message to General of the Army George C. Marshall, American Embassy, Nankin, China for delivery 31 Dec 1946, P-10018: �( "I send warmest congratulations to you today on your birthday. Your long and devoted service to your country and the cause of Democracy is recalled today with thanks and gratitude in the hearts of our people . I hope you will . enjoy continued success in your present difficult mission and ex. tend to you my sincere best wishes for your good fortune in years to come" . VIEI LA, DECEMBER 22, 1946: G~nera.L Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours accompanied by Mrs . Clark. He was met by Minister and Mrs . Erhardt , General and Mrs . Dager, Colonel Kretzmann and Colonel Lazar , and together they went to a relief ceremony wnich was held in front of USFA Headquarters, at which time General and Mrs . Clark presented a CARE package to 100 families of Vienna in the name of the US Forces in Austria. General Clark then returned to his office where he talked_with 1vir . Erhardt and at 1115 hours departed for the Bellevue Hospital for tubercular childre.1J. where he and Mrs . Clark distributed toys and calJ.dy to the little patients . They were accompanied by the Gypsy Band from the Hotel Bristol . The General spent the afternoon attending various Christmas parties throughout Vienna given by ~erican forces for the Austrian children. Mr . Robert Christenberry, president and manager of t he Hotel .Astor in New York, arrived t his after• noon . He will spend four weeks in Austria in order to advise the Commanding General on consolidating mess and club facilities in Vienna. The Generai had dinner with his family at the villa . The following S~RET message was sent to WAR i'DSCA ES pass to State Department, P- 6449: ( 11 Reurad 88024 19 ,Dec . Prior to the JC meeting on 13 Dec the' Acting Brit' High Commissioner notified me he had a statement to make on the proposed UK contribution to post- UTu1ffiA relief Austria. My position was that a statement o~ the part of the Brit without a parallel statement as·to our proposed contribution would be untimely and I would therefore simultaneously present the Council with an oral statement 01 the US position. When the item tt-Other Business" was reached _on the agend§I., Brig . Cooke mentioned he had decided to -withhold his statement. On 20 Dec all Aus . newspapers as well as the Brit Morning News, published in Vienna, carried a complete announcement of McNeill 1 s statement in the House of Commons on the preceding day. The telegram .under acknowledgement was therefore received after the House of Commons statement had appeared in the press." * * * * VIENNA, DECEMBER 23 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately talked with General Tate , Mr . Erhardt and Colonel O:xx on the agenda f or the Allied Council meeting to be held at 1000 hours . At 0945 hours the General departed for the AC Building and attended the meeting until 1200 hours . Immediately following the closing of the meeting the General had lunch with the other Commanders and thmproceeded with them' to the showing of a Russian movie which lasted until 1600 hours . He returned to Headquarters and held a press conference giving the press camp t he events of the AC meeting. This meeting was attended by the following: M. W. Fodor Chicago Sun Associated Press Associated Press This Week Lynn Heinzerling G. K. Hedenfield Josef Israels r �Ernest Leiser John MacCormac Albion Ross John Walker M. M. Werner Samuel Grossman Stars and Stripes New York Times New York Times Time and Life United Press A ND (ISB) At 1645 hours General Clark, accompanied by Mrs . Clark and Colonel Kretzmann, attended an Austrian children's party given by the Austrian relief agencies and sponsored by Mrs . Figl . At this time he presented the children with candy and_ toys . In the evening the General attended a Christmas dance given by the Vienna Area- Command for all American personnel in Vienna. The General opened the dance with a welcoming address at which time he extended to the US forces in Vienna a Merry Christmas. He departed shortly afterwards for his villa. Colonel General Kurasov sent the following communication to General Clark: n1 express to you my sincere appreciation for your good wishes offered on the occasion of the birthday of Generalissimo J. B. S;t alin. tr * ( * * * VIENNA, D:&;EMBER 24, '1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 09-30 hours and immediately conferred with General Tate and then with General Hickey. At lOLi-5 hours General Clark presented one CARE package to a member of the staff of the Wiener Courier representing the 64 CARE packages which he is presenting to the staff of the Wiener Courier in the name of t he US Forces in Austria . At 1100 hours the General attended a decoration and promotion ceremony for officers and men in Vienna and then hald a long conference with Mr . Christenberry. General Clark left hi s office at 1230 hours, accompanied by Mr; Christenberry, and walked part of the way to his villa where he and IJir . Christenberry had lunch with -Mrs . Clark . The General remained at the villa during the rest of the day and at 1630 hours entertained a group of people at an eggnogg party, during wh:i.ch the Vienna Boys Choir sang . In the evening General and Mrs . Clark were dinner guests of Colonel and Mrs . C. Coburn Smith. General Clark sent t he following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff ,. pass to State Dept , S&;F.ET, P-6467 .: ( "The JAllied Council met in a short session on 23 Dec under the chairmanship of the Sov Element, with Col Gen V. V. Kuras ov presiding. The meetj_ng was characterized by cordial relations similar to those which were in evidence at the last previous meeting on 13 Dec . "The Council approved, with certain amendments, a constitutional law on the purge of Nazi li teratura whJ.ch paralleled the decision of the Gounci,l taken in Jan 1946, and agreed the texts of three simple laws; namely , a law providing for the punishment of NE\zis guilty of falsifying questionnaires, a law providing for the trial by summary court of black market operators and a law relating to the collection of through-freight charges in stable foreign currency. "The text of a letter to the Fed Minister of Justice, in which was set forth the procedure for the detention, arrest and handing over of war criminals by the Aus Gov, was approved . �"Procedure for the establishment of limited trade between Aus am Germany was dis.cussed but no dec:i.sion was reached and the matter was ref erred back to the Economics Div for further study. Disagreement was based on question of whether such deals should be implemented only after unanimous approval or should be implemented unless there was unanimous disapproval by the £.lied Commission. The Soviets and French supported the first position and the US and Brit the second. "The Council, on t he insistence of the Sov Element , discussed the matter of t he closed session of the Aus Parliament.held on 30 Oct. No action was taken and the question was dropped . u General Clark sent the following message to Asst Sec of War Peterson, Confidential, P- 6460: "Ref your 88298 . i ill be glad to have Balmer work with me in London. Recommend that I remain on my present assignment in Aus while acting as Mr . Byrnes' deputy , Gen Keyes to come in on Jan l as my deputy . Feel that my remaining as CG in Aus while working on peace treaty has many advantages • " General Clark sent the following message to Ambassador .Hobert Murphy, OMGUS: r - 10854:: "Best wishes for a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year . Am delighted with the prospect of renewing my association with you in London. " * * * * VIENN , DEX;,EMBER 25, 1946; After a Christmas breakfast attended by Bill , Captain Luther and Captain Rogers , the Clark family and Aides opened their presents around the Christmas tree. At 1100 hours the enlisted men of the CG Section arrived at the villa and were presented their gifts by the General . They remained to enjoy some eggnogg with the family. At 1300 hours the Christmas dinner was attended by Colonel Rich , local Army surgeon, Colonel and frs . McMahon and Alice Mary, and the Aides . At 1830 hours the f .wnily boarded the General 's train and at 1900 departed for Hinterstoder . * * * HD T TOD.ER, DEC i;1BER 26 1946: The train having arrived at Hintertoder S,tation dur.ing the night, General Clark and Bill left the train at 0700 hours, met Kniewasser , the Jaeger, and began a morning 1 hunting • . t 1200 hours the General returned to his hunting lodge , having bad no success . At 1330 hours Major General Collins arrived from Salzburg . Also Lt . Col . Broyles came to t he lodge to esqort the General and his family to the Christmas party for the needy famili ar in Hinterstoder Valley . At 1400 hours the General and -his family, accompanied by General Collins , arrived at the Town Gymnasium and fourld over JOO children and 200 adults assembled . The program consisted of songs and recitations by the children, t .he presentation to the General of a paint i ng by the Burgermeister Auer, and speeches by- the Bezirk Hauptmann and General Clark . Following the program , General and iv1rs . Clark presented gift packages to 350 children and C pacxages to 110 fami lies . Returning to the hurting lodge about 1600 hours t he General and Bill again left to go hunting . Their luck was no better than that of the morning . That evening General Collins and Captain Rogers had dinner with the Cl ark family at the lodge . General Clark sent the follov, ing message to YfAR for AGP- B, -10877 • �"Your SCL 35338 on Canadian decorations is reference. It was always my desire during the Italian Campaign to recognize by appropriate decorations the magnificent services of the Ganadians. They served under the Brit 8th Army to whose Commander I frequently allotted acertain numl;>er of .Amer, decoratiorts to cover all nationalities of his .Army . It is my recollection that the Canadians received some recognition but my files here are so incomplete that I have no~verifying data . nr am forwarding by mail in near future recommendations on Canadian Corps Commander and Corps Chief of Staff. Also on ·Commanding Generals of 1st Canadian Inf . l)iv and 5th Canadian Armored Div . These individuals served under my command between 16 Dec 1944 and about 15 March 1945 • 11 . Suggest Canadian Gov be asked to nominate 10 officers and enlisted men, who served in Canadian units under my command during winter 44 dash 45 for consideration for combat recommendations . " * * * * HINTERS.TOD 1.., DEC NIBER 27 1946: At 0930 hours the General, Bill and Captain Rog~rs left for a day's hunti ng . On this day the party bagged 3 deer and 2 chamois . * * * * HINTSRSTODER, f.JEC "i1B R 28 1946: The General left the lodge at 0730 hours and hunted until 1400 hours with Bill and Captain Rogers . Bill got a deer before the party returned to the lodge . The General and his party boarded the private train at 1730 hours and at 1815 hours General & Mrs . Clark presented gift packages to 67 children from Hinterstoder who had come to see the train depart . The train departed at 1900 hours bound for Vienna. * * * 29 1946; Gener al Clark ' s train arrived in Vienna at 0130 hours and the General detrained at 0900 hours . He walked from the train to his villa with Captain Rogers and spent the remainder cf the morning there . He had lunch with Mrs . Clark at home and then rested throughout the day . In the afternoon he conferred with Mr . Erhardt and Colonel Oxx on the peace treat talks in London . VIEI<N , .DEC ".JIB * * * VIENNA, D~EMBER 30 1946: General Clark arrived at the office at 0930 hours and proceeded to dictate several letter~ . He held a long conference with Colonel iliac concerning latest developments on the treaty discussions and then discussed routine matters with General Hickey . ~t 1000 hours he saw Colonel Lloyd on several investigations and then conferred again with General Hickey . Mr . 1.::ellen saw General Clark on a personal matter at 1200 hours and after a conference with General Tate, the General had lunch in the GG mess of the Bank Building . After lunch General Clark conferred again with General Tate and then saw v1r . Erhardt . He left his office at 1500 hours and walked to the villa where he spent the remainder o:fl the day . General Clar k sent the following message to State Department: SECRNI', P- 6482: WSCA pass to �10 ( "Reurad W87221 and ourad 6427 17 Dec , herewith estimates Aus imports exports first half of calendar year 1948. Your suggestion reduce relief re.quirements for calendar 1948 as far as possible to one-half of 1947 requirements heartily concurred in and believe this will be possibl_e al tho requirements first half 1948 will exceed those of last half . nrn millions of dollars first half import requirements, Food 49 .8 Agriculture 16 Industry 47 . 6 Medical Supplies 1. 5 Solid Fu~ls 23 Reconstruction 1. 2 "Total first half 48 $139,100 1 000 . Total 1948 import requirements· estimated at $266, 700 ,ooo. · ti.Against 'total import requirements first half 1948 _of $139,100,000 estimate Aus can from her exports produce $79,000 1 000 in first half ,of year , leaving a deficit to be met by outside credits of $60 ,100,000 . 11 Export breakdown of $79,000,000 as follows: Textiles 14 Paper and Lumber 16 Mag~esite 4 Metals, Ores, Metal Goods, Machinery 25 Electric Power 4 Misc including Tourist Trade & Other Invisible Items 16 Total exports first half 1948 79 million dollars Total estimated exports for all of 1948 estimated 173 n llV'fhile deficit above exports first . half 1948 is estimated as 4!'60 ,100, 000 total deficit for calendar year 1948 estimated as only $93,700, 000 . "Because of unknown procurement sources no freight costs have been includea in any pf the import totals . Prices are those quoted in our radio P- 6427 which are considered to be ample for 1948 estimates as trend should be downward at that time . 11 Full concurrence of Aus Ministries given to this estimate . Brit are examining our totals and we will submit their comments later . Complete breakdown and justifications insofar as they can be developed are being forwarded to you earliest by air courier . " * * * * VIENNA, DECEMBER 31, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours . He immediately saw General Tate and then General Hickey . He had a long conference with Colonel Oxx and after going over accumuldate correspondence at 1230 hours he left his office to have lunch at the villa . In the evening he attended a party at the villa given by Miss &in Clark for some of her friends . General Clark sent the following communication to Chancellor Figl of Austrian Government ~ �"I have received ivlinister Krauland' s letter of 10 Dec 1946 raising again the question of disposing of the blast furnaces of the United Iron and Steel Works at Linz in exchange for coal . No one is more anxious than I am to help in alleviating the severe shortage of coal in Austria . Therefore I assure you that the proposal has been given most careful consideration. JHowever, I am obliged to inform you that with respect to any German prop~rty in the US Zone to which there may be a legitimate reparations claim I could not cor1sent to the disposal of such property at present in exchange for coal or oth3r current consumption items , or for S.chillings or other currencies not at present freely convertible into foreign exchange . · "Moreover, it is probable that such action would not be advantageous t o ustria . One of your country ' s principal needs is to arrive at a settlement of the German assets problem in its entirety as soon as possible . 1hile this problem is pending, it wo~ld be inadvisable from ustria 1 s own standpoint to take any action seriously affecting the interests of Allied reparations claimants, since this might make the overall settlement more difficult to achieve . 11 It would be permissible to sell possible reparations proper ty for a fair price in freely convertible foreign exchange, if the foreign exchange proceeds were deposited in trust for Allied reparations claimants . " ** ** � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, November 4 - December 31, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from November 4 - December 31, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1677 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/3c98f9ea80275a8a1acffbd93d270364.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=u0%7E6pI-ZU%7EPKRwQ8H3kpncEraEyrvYY%7EeKTG0uYcHA3VWzGRZlywosXanzIz2ila444HboK6yn3MVJG2C3w1bd2xBy89r6wYrx1o2EgrAEIFkBkO6c7uz-2EJv1%7Eom5fCV9KOdl7Ai9PR2HB0qocPuTir0SKyKNO4HL-7-yyoStpYCp%7ErHEfPwT7offtPWPeFCX%7E7DiqYue5OJtSWCoytmbSZJTxEsWZ6Kre4q5KxitsDUAA1Clm%7ES6zx7R7K7ZC62G1wdfg6xCmo3cog58zQ3UKnczENfXTiuboz9K9zAk80gHGsU6LxWJrVfN61ep4qzwSfu9ggCZYU4mUTwjXOw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 33d2f07b08fce4b0640af878e8ab2e5c PDF Text Text \ 0:2 -- P'T?"' 'r- ( n__ }+ '..;,i, ./r. hc.ve told -..i. rcpcc.tec.ly .... ·'-'• + urou -i:..:::it to free F'r2.1 _, 11 ~c.;;.; .... Gcr.srcJ r'fo.rk , ".,-nu h-ve given u::: no vi:::ibl- ..:_ :lcc.tion •• or ccc; :::ion i:i ., -~pert 1 0f U"' or +ho 'l .l. d l"....._ . T'-"'r"' ~ .... t···o ""' r:l _.,;;._.. !,1-..,. ..,,,. r,,c,c, e ••l;.o.J J -f"\U ,.,~~ ...,<..,.,.,._ rlp-,0 .-. t.,..,,t-,, J '['".;.. .11-:,- l -:-1-,r ...._,_, u.;__......_..,, 0 tl-i '.lli:;d c.._11~: fir::t , bJ' sill:!ffioni:1,; th- Fr-11c· 1 flee+ +o c. ~rcr t'1 l'.frican ,_ port , a 1d , ::~co~1.', LJ c:::-d.::i,_ th Go·;::::.·nor of Tuni~.:.c.. to r ~i:::t inv· .... n b., i f'1 r .C..1...l " O ._,. '..,I · 1,.,--. ,.. 1 0 hi 0 4 i,.., - ,._ ..; c..l. V • \: of l1i:: di2:1i8:::..~ l..t/ .. Lr~J 1&l Pctci ...1, h"' l. ....not CS-.+ ~... tht.t 11C.n~ or::1r.-:-._ .... J. u.:..-:n "...i:;::(., ·: ll I be obc~•::C:.• " "ro~.'\ er , he t 1 .s nensr-.:i.l Clc.r.~ thct he he.::; hc:.d r::ord fro . Vich:;r to the effect tl-i .... the Fr •.1.c..fl :;t is stil - in Tcu2.on .:..id. ~ ~::: order2 to t 8C ..~t.1.:..,: i-L:elf ::..::-t i: thr ...~tcn'3C: b~r r.e!'nrn :ei3ll.r'. i ne ::;3.:,~a fcelh; t.µcti:.~ G. that h'3 the fleet ,•·:.::.l never f""ll into C'c::.·:.u:..1.. :::ic..nC:::1:~n-r::.l CL.rk L,0L1t:: o::.t ,~h::,:!:: . "t1::._ r-cr11e._1 mili:.ar:- ~' chi..e ::ioves ,~it:. th~ J r.•~cw rr~..:.C:it., , ~ n:'.)lo~·ir,. pan ..tr(h .1.- , t 6 tc.n1:s ~.nd mech ni::; ,d ~c,1.1.:.~J J • " tr L.:d2 th~•" t~---· ...• ::.-.. ""c..::.· '!:.hc.t ,".:--· fl •... . 1 ' 1 11 noi. b ~ble to :::c"-4·~\~c ~i ~,. "~:i r.. irdd:ti,n , " Cen8rQl C.L~ri: c:ec ~r : , sCt~:~:,~i::. ... o: tl1c flr--et · 11 1 b .... ~c:. ...... .... t t:'.!._. ~: ~'-'-:.. ... Al""..:_...., .:-ch:....., c..wL.i.:i .... t'.i.-..,r,..;,rr...:... v..S t ........ 1 T~ tl1 c:... cr;:: ......r ... .i. c".. c:L or.(!::; -:h_:'2.~ t co--..,.1(: ;.. "_ .... .. 8d ~o+ ""'-·:....:"'.""-\c:.::-le.~ .1.Cat t:1::it r .... he c_..n ~ot ~:::uo orc1.cr;:: fc:,: "'"'.... fls-:t -~o J ;,,.. r:.""&ncc:. .... g.... ""' Tl1 nc!'.:.. tb.,., d~ J..:...n(:::.. ... thG.-'- :Q:.rl .... .i:..~ 1e cr-:':.:r::... t!_.., :.~c,.., .:.~ ': .:1~ .... _1 to ~:: :.:..... ~Le r ::i._-t, rl"."r-:.:.11 l&!1Ui!l r:..:'l ..... !1 r ..,.fu...,:;...., . 0 .L 0 \ ... . "'211:.:. ..:.:_clc.r..~'"' ~ra2.C'l&:"!,: , '"l......r~ .... ," . r ...... ..... 11~ ~:::- , ~: ..... , .. •+n.,; - t::.t l • , T ,c.:i:' :. ,1 I c~ ::~:·c : It _!:lo.~ --~ ••L.:.:..1 .:.._1:.ct.:.::.• ::. -::..:.c:::.t.:... ... •• ....,.., ~,c .... :.~"" o_ .; r, :r ;,c..i"'t d .....it ... , J O"'i....1 t\..o,, , 1 .... .... : C '-~ ..... :. ~ ... t t , --l __ ll_ "' c::: ..... ... r1 ...,OU.- \ .... s n u _1_ .:."'·h h_t h ::tr:C~"",.>.. 0.f the he~..............r .... l:i.rl~,.~ i ........ : ..... 1' J o~ -~ th t::.v .1. 0 --,...~,~ .... 1 ,l; <A.., .... r / ~ft::r l·'".1..ch, J --'..:.r~l:r.,J..Lt..,.r~ µ c.J._r"' r.. ..;v.l sk..., ~ .,..... rul ClLrl. -'· ccyi-1'r \..0 -.......... .:.. t!'l o .... .. ~.. ~m:ral i"'~..rl:;r:.T, ..., b ~ !"~l :....~1."'_ . _Att:1e co ..1.:' r ,.:~c he ~in::t.., that I'crl n ht-~ .... ~ ch~n~~d hie. mi:1.U mh.:.hi .. lt:: fr--- t~ o fc..ctc :\ ... 1--::c h .. ~ r cei-r,tcd .l..1.£or l:...t~o:"!. . r~c +hr ~ : rshc...... p ai ... n--"' r, ,.a_ !£.r:h~l VC'r'. Tit...._., + ..:t ~ 2_-t od.c:s C enc erniD.u f'! ... 1 .... occu ,.,:!:.:.c!l of :""r1...r.c• 2--"£..rlL.: ht." ..,E;'Jn '!:h~t C:cnsra.l 01:-,r:-::. i:1 r.o ..10 icl for ..:.:: 11 11 ,L fl.l!'Jv:.'J:::' .1. ':_ 1 --he:~ h"' •• e.1 "f olJo·· in:; ra.· 1.:." !!a. just been ~cnt bJr ! '_J.Z" ~ "'""rl ;,1 to !l' .ir 1 D(_ Late...:-, : .... Gc ... b:- the ~::rsbc:..l. to "Tc.. :h(.....lVo... l"'1L.'1 .,.t 1 .,:3t .:.-: ...... "'o.. :: that th~:. ...... ..... ~/ -... i . .. a -r "nt b tr:z ·" h · . ar..' ~:1e Ger . ..:r. r-c:icr· 1 f"r t.1~ occu. o.tiC''..'.l of ::0:::-.::.c.., ,.,h. u~:. ..:.t..1 """ice i..., brol-- ,,n. ,....,.., 11~·.,0 r-:..= ,i:_. ..::~~.I of r..ctir!'l. T:1... ":.: :~l :_.cJ.!lc., ln1.;.~e:-....... uO .:.lle to .::.!.~ froc d_cL.:.ou~ , ·. o c .1 :1ile ::.·cmc:.!1::.,.u r..,o!lallJ lo.1·~ '!:o hi..., ,.._}: , p .1 __ dec" .... ion: 1::ic ar t\ ,-i.o~t f~... l""'!..,i.....,,.l rrenc: .. ~nter st::.. T b.:-,rc &l.a..,r d--c .l..<,~:t.~ ... to .. tbat t',c fls t · oul 1 r ..L.in :Er 11c· of ~cri~h. T::L occ·· ...::..ti":J. of ths c0·•t,'1 r!.1 ccc:.sl . 1 •.• :.. ~"::: it i::1~'!0::s' :., " fer the fic.•rc.l :'ore:::: -":.o rf~.t.::. .. -in . ?!.:.trbr:,al?ten :!:""'c.nc • l ::. ·".:.tc .. +hs Cr;n :.nclcr-::.n _1"' 1 · cf to C:.i'r ct ·'~he;::.to ..urd F:..e!1cl, '..:r.:.~u . ':'he ; ..uE.Ticc.n Co i:..ce~ d cl:::.rc::: · hat o- .r force:: • : 7 1 !l'Jt enco::.."l.tcr c.n:r ob:::.:::.c]. :: .:ror :,11.:._d. !':.:.vL., ::-'o:::-c~ . Si~n ~, ~~'llrc.l of th- ~l· + , ~r~r.coi~ urlan .' ITT e.".! net o:t::."':L.1.ic +~.-t :.t -111 'be c'.:lc:· 1.~. Tf Fr nch fl ct sells :.t · ill b~ n l~t~r :n~truct~on~ to .c\- +v " ~r~ -1 ~ ~~~ ~r otn~r· _er•~ 8~c ~ ~ ~r~t~t, ~~ t"r,1J .. :'ot..,ct 0 0 ~:~ 0 ~\,;SECRET ,,1 '\j ,( -..:·· )<•. �/03 for r f, .. 1.:. ~ •• , • J _,.., -I r ..,.,. , ~J..;..4 !' :1• t II r-:: ,. ' orJ. ....:-1 ..... '-. 1 ::oD.f r nc .~r -':.l: nc f· t C "'~- _, ....1i., ..L.c.. J. , V - roL,;nC:c.,..,..,_.....,_ 1\ ...rl:.n n , 'r·.:..11r~ c__ . (" ·~ cc- ....... r of l..<.ll _~ , ,., ..::1r~l ogt :: L... h::..., h ...t&: _d, '"'z!::::lnn ·2.1 .....ti r.:. ...on r [.rr=--i.n __ .)i u, ,Lic.L :- fro r_::ic + o 4.:clc A1.."11:.c G...1nounc _. ffort to C"::lf c.11 not , Tf IP\ ..rlun . O~~, ""..,tev:... Wl.c' J1~in •· or. oth r co c... d.r:: i.. ,.,1::::. .:..a c:1.ir cti:1_, ... r ...i:::tance to r:,.,r .:: ::; an2 su.._.ort for .. ::. Co 1.:1' r::, indicc.t2d +o him th~t th., \ O'.! d ru · st , her, cc.:::::;"'er availabl • r'ir~·.1 d L fol o..·.:.n"' " . .. it:. s:'.:::.:.lur crd ::--s TPl !cdmir.:.:::.Cu.:.T.i!'"hc. that· . h ve tcrrc.n 0 ed it .. 'r .L -10 r~l:- ....... 9.2 ~ritis .... ri::o::.cr:: c.t k.;;:.onct ._.j_1d..:?:·,r-,.:.1 . 11 G c r' 1 7 :iur.. ..:ver .:.r, h h "' Ettl"' ti.·6 cno::::-r ::o invoL C: i::: i ol.:. tical to dch tlY' t::ict::.cr 1 ::itt·atio • 0 .g. nt::: of th .. nriti:::l. ~ · r t r ::~.:.l fro li·c:!:""._ +o!l.:v"'/ t O'f" 012 Pc .... , ~oug.:. :~:~~ Lj±dj 11.:.. T\.:rir~ th _ d.,..,- ...,c._r , 0 r .ortc 00. .1: + C:er.=n ... ~.r .. ..ct d at t .. :.i.ir.ort .. of" t·r , "<i::::kra. nC:. Conutanti!l • •jfr ._ch troc.._ s in • l;;~ri, .... :.,e.:.n ::.ioved l::i ct:rt:::.:. . \._ .r • o.:..ntu , .•.c.. r ut r::..&r +._.Ln to co.....ntcn.ct ;,11.~s c..., ci .tlo •.. , c:.ticall,/ L .. poss.:.bl , · .:..t: ,_r.:..cc.n ..... • troc .....,.•. -c"'for_ th.., afternoon cc.1.'.:"r '1.C r '"n ral CL::.rJr •,c.::; con..,.:.·' r .:.n~ :-:i.ovi:-1 T\::rl· .... fro.', ir .. l J:rd ' s ho.1:::: ..n-=. .. 12.cin~ h. in c1.•::to:i: c.bor:.r2 a. Pr't.:.uh .....-o-· ....r ·n ,_l_:i r.., hr.rt or .. ., '"" l 00~.t:...ct .:.::::PSt&bl.:.:::h d it.1 Or: n nd th .Jenc-r, 1 o::-d r., u~ t··o co-rn':::attee.:, t~.'-:.c.L_o!".::;.:.n Cl..., th a.r, n ..d-C:... ,"'hE:,, ur -1 o 1,, ld on th al r .. fer rro. pt ov ..... t to .. 1 r.., , rrob~ l., bu' n .~ ~ .... ' i th th 0 , 0 0 0 • :,_,.,__ 0 .:. To ,_:_ air _·e1c .::. Tor-'-:...fric& , .L. o::~;_.:-r· •. ci.-1 co .. a ... J.ti-,..,irc..1,,,.d.!)[..r ~n's :::; .. ort i:: TI ce~scr.., if the coo.a. J. erc.::,i ies and I"r<>Pc.' fr,rce.., -:.i.: • cr"~h -·~ric.: . .:.::.to b ork.:..;:,l • ':'he [.r ... a c:.,·1 ~ ... , ··.:.t• f cJ.:i .18. ithin +h,, 'l:"r .char r fiuhtinw , if he doeu:: not ..,et Dt.YlLJi i.. t:1 ,::.cttx"- , r'..rlan 1 ... le ... •.~ , :.:.r::t on one ::::.de of -1-hs fcnc .. ~.nd ni th"'a on the otr,r , '.., .. r\ - racki::1; . 'h r:.,_l decl·.re:: c.t ::1.:.. tha·:, 1 ha:: rit 1 \Jl ..,r _d t..rot.Uld r .:..t' "".::.rJ.c.njt:...,t t.bout o.S lo •..g as I int !ld to . II O ~T O /._In the evenin[; , th g ..n ra: zo s to .~ ;:;.:.ers harbor to the ir f,,... n. , " , .flc.~shi ... of . ni··al "'c:.rro· h..,, cor;rnic.n 'er of the "",...s:. ~n "T vc. Task Fore~ , .d h~ ..... 1 u~t r"""of r. n ral fn., r~o'!l. Th De.I. ~ ut~,. Co~-~...ndcr-..:.i1-C' i-:f "":J.[.:_• ..... th to Bri~i::. o:'ic s the hcct~c Gev ~c.m nts of thn r st t,o ~ay~ , 1~ th~t r i:: i:1 '.:,he fie l ' , r .nm.~2.1 P.ndcr..,on •is c.. ch::in_;ed n-- ~uch ·c:-n af J.ab~e . ':'h G nc:' .... l r n::.i.ins on th- 1 •• 1 010 :.___'1til ~GOO th"n r tv.rr-.., to :.he Tot l ct . " or.;~ · • ..:. hol:.'ls Ea. , 1 ~te conl' r .nc _ · it . hi.., :o:.a:f -'.:.co t Ln for ' o "-or,.o .i.._. .:. ... ,J / �( ) '- ( I �I DL\- ( troo.L ~ to nd h~ ....i Ch" f !1~ f:.rc ::..:1h.:..c . .., of th Ct . ,.,so:--: TioLl. n r..,.,__.I, . o '\ nd lob'~ 0 T.ie 1.t~1~c.nt P-u-C.- wr.ot of :rou , 11 ...... ,-,...,n~r._l Gl .....1 , C!.,.., ~..,'"-' r <C ..rc:3-:_n- T\:.rlc....n ~d J·:..:.1._ _ sterJ.1J.:,- , . "!: op Lel in.; m'3 :rou ,,..:ut to ;:,ave Fr:..nc,.. c...1° rr..,nch cnlonl 1 t r·ito-·.., . ~r.:-.:..th"~ nf yo. h .... ve:: i.v"n one: :::ir:r,;.7 ini:!ic t:.0.1 o:' this c·.c" . t ..:. ~or:'..., . :11 .·c·-r ck:xL hu.v .. bc:::n c,.,_1trc:r • +o -·-· :..i ., y bo·':°" vol~bl:r . :·ofe:::::: to · ~ - T,.... I lcurn t'1:..t -:h~ 0~ c- for Fr ~(:!' tro'"' .. to 1~ -~·r,•J"eC i!l Ti.i.ni.... . ,) ... .. :"' -iro ~ -.L fl iJ ::.n h nd::: :. h l .:..n::; Fr :::.1. ''c.. • ~nd d" ill .' .:.1 ,., n ·or"ccc -··d. th ... --~'":-G. : s ..-1-1c 4-c £...:..---r::.."f ~v:t.... .. r:1.r-on :. .... c.::i~ ::-"" ~1. T:!:c _..j.1+:i "'""~ h "'., ... · --~ :ic~;: J,, i .... , Q ... i ..1-.J .. : •• ..L ...t::..l h'4 }1:..s "'T0...,-_ ~:_ro~,ul. l ... : 4 ..,o of'..Lnr ,... , ,.. 1"1-r'·t-.. .,.. J! 1 ...." t½ i.r - 1,/ ...... .... - ......~ v- .....,...., T,li:'l .:. ..... -"' .... ,.,.. + l,- r •• -- , l"l ~:::re~ c~.1 1t 1 t th-J "r--:-r f~c--: .... s:..d.:..n)lt./ ... l .. -y,i,.. ' .... ·• _. 1 "Tl"'\~ o!'lc , " ~c.-..l"G,.., n?r 1 Cl r!~, n 110..-- ~,,.,._, .... sho !l .,-, +::.-+ ~../""\ c..r:- ~-·cr:i:.1r: in .. , 1'"' ...-r -:nt:r _+w. If Tc, .... t 11ut ~!1+·u.:,. ('Y To(.,) tc..r,'!,c~::~ "'::;i .,o· ., ntt kn"~,:. ~.p +roo.s ·.:.Jl obc;;r.,,-..•J.r ord-u . Tf ~:::_t "':--LC&.:-'-------=- T ::::;_ :1 ·o·t ... it ~--.; C.!''" :--rv·•·· --"-r0n.~ ... '.'";!:0 ~:1 .J O ..... nl, . 11, ...J...,. + . C\. .. G.o • 1, .,. -" t some :1.s stror ... _ ~ ... r- •• .,,_, .J.:-oc,.~ . .:.1 ,::.,ct./ '' •• O' c., . , O'- 1 .i. ,/,..,, L . .... er + thh,'") :.c ::ct the dc •. 1 t ::.: . _ tc ·. ..:.1 fii:_;ht t1T c1.o~t r co_.;n.:.z ' 100· ' s , 1' COJ..i.t~r. Gsnc:..., Clrrk . ,,,.,,0 ::..:.e~ Corn:. . .:.w.1,.., ~-i:1-Chi.s~ ::. r1cr+l1 _f:-ivt-. • . ,,.. .... G. :-c-::.t.:.o!l -r:h ~ .... .... t.;..._ :. ~ : :..cc-. J,t c.:a~r i~rii--::: ... ,ut..l . ':ho:.-: -l·hr,t on O".r ~:..de c.~c.i::i..,t Gcr:n •-.1. " J , L .... ._. not cl!]: [_r f:1-J1+.:_nz Vet.". . ···"'""'" o.. :.. t) c,....d.ucJ'"".:. .... ... i; , T·· .:_____ 1•0:1 1'.. •v • , ......; vO --~~-, I cc~f -~ ~ i~ ... ~ ....:. 1 .... I .i. -~h-.L..:. T + :..1! 1 Jc • .i :_ 11J .......,., • DuJ~ f~r ..... . 1 .! Cl:..r!:--".: . ',; ....... , _, ...__ ( 1 -· -·"':> , •a C ~u (-C J.._ .• cJ ......\,, ..:.l ~ ......... lf ., T "t l-Jl: , , .., ry . ... ., .J ..:. ..,,.v "'_c ' : .,. , .-6..L ... .:.l t 10 ... ... , t t11.:.:::: ,/· 1-- .... of f' . to t:. '-'.J i ... n.,U ~- -.J..L J. ·, : ... :...,J2!1 1 .J..--.1. ..... cc.-;.., C~!: !' .. .• I'"f'-· ,... . ·-"'-~ ..... ............ ... - - ,., . ,., .. c.; .. , :, cc ...... 7 'L .h" .:.Ll ... • -~ ~ :...C•• CC~ ~l.- o:.•,..:.rz- 'C •• I t "'I" ;, r .. _ + _...... to l:J fu~Su '.J ., • th_ o:-' . ..,...·--"'•- C.. • -.:. 1 ~ ".l , ..,,: T-•. .... '"'· 0 1 r, th ... •• r ... ....;.L~"' ....... . I 'I ..1 T' 1 �\ 0::) ... :1·I ., - l' - ,.. ( --·. - , , -r __,c u , .. Jc .To:-·'· .,,. , c..-- o:: -..r............ -) 'T'h r _!'_ th (' ,.., ~ ~~ L.""'.:_..., J..•::i.;,_ ov J.- I\ ....2.:... If r 1· -· ..1......:.. n .... . l • t i fl ·' J.., ""I'" ., .:..1:. l to 0 -.J-..1. ' 4 ,, C co ~c .... .... ... c..r. ""~ - ,I ... ... ~.:.1..., clct ... 1:.. t ...... +o 'I .... ~ .,_ , o .......... fore ,... ' r ~-, - .1............... ~ ., 0 co r .,... [.li .. ........ ,_1.L o + co. dJc · r-"nc i, <- +,r 1 or.!J': ~r.:.cc ... ) _.. 11 'or'\-'\('. ... tt~... _r ~.., loc 1 • . (" Y' l J J. .. ? ......... +· _ ,._ .Lt ... ... ll !\1 -· r ' -'""-vi. • 1 Ll . , ..A. \., _,_ ~- ... l.rL r...: J.., • •• 1 ... ,, n' ·- to ::-'c., L "·L.., fir .. u .p r, T -~. .1 .. __ _.,_ .,_ V ~ u• " ' .... l.., -." 1 no troo.~ ~ of • r .:...c~1 --~ o r o .. 1·... L,:O..L ....; !' ~J,.._; it .• ~ r .:r u t 10 , ' ... .,..ic .11 :..arL..... .. ... J'r'._r 'rocJ.µ to_ .. t , h_·_: ~nt th 0 ,~ u.CC~ t 1 il I • u i!l - ~ t + :.· .~J~ C - .l t .h (' " ... of th E'r nch H- "T(...••C ov:!.~~., .:_~ . -~. c+ 1 :!..ri::'\· t ... .. I • __ [..r J.•- v!' .!. .,.. ... ,~ c r .._ .. J. • '... c .! .I J. <-,-, "'ir , 1 T <..... J. . l. ,., i. c ••• II ,..,1 -~ -- p ....... ." Cl: rl:-- - ., ~ U..-.u o.. "'}l -ri_.. ,.. rn, th t (\ r 1. C (; C r. r r ,a_.,_._, or..:. r '1 J. no. -~!1.. h_ .. .. ... &...... _... 1 :1 11 ~...~ -~0 l;:::. :-.... . ci c:::. th t er' r~ to 'o d; ·' h r h \ ) n • f' II ..,oth ,.\... ... :...n rlc • L r ' CY r':......... Cl rk r · :!. • ,0 . , ,Jf...,.t .• ..!Jo.,.....11 ....... ' ....... r r l.--' ((f:1·..,,_ l--..,;\ vol. -- .,_ 1 o - .::!:.:Eco t (', J .1.' l' .......... tc _, l. "I ,._ + ' C ... :r:.. ·', l. ' - t .., ., ·~o Cc. ... 0 - ~l ')J. -- ' ~., , ::.1 . ' :·~1 -•-..:, ··" . J i.1 c.. rn..l 1 h-b r, .! ~ .,.. > nch Tt _:i ....:..t..J. .r "re :-&.: tro - iv~ :t ni~, J.:.." .. l_.., r iG. Cl<-rk-- 11: ocr.k. th-t .,ou ...c·1 order'J tor .. n.: :::::.~+.,.,!.-f :::10t,: C.'.!l con ·r1,.,-r~.1[;_:er,· • 7 ...., . ·::..•:,y -"-h,., Ste b:..i.::b, r..t of a .. ili+•r~ ,OY !' •. ~r..t .::-. ~r •.c . orth __ -1.c_. " J.t .:.n-· C-::,,c ·y v _r .,i)o ;· ·:10 -~l r..r-!:.co ...~ · i+: o :: an-2 h lp. r · il" t :::-r'.1ch ofL .c i ..... , :.o cc.r. .:.:: ::. cn .. cr ... ord r::. · r.' ' 0 h· :::. ::i 1 ... :...1"L...,r: <' L it I ~re .• SECRET · ith u.. ,, �IOC, Cla.::·k--"You ~.TJSt J..~ove ~t . Von !J.U:t i::sae tl1e order to r.,:::-i:::ti ... ~nir{ 1 ·.:..1-- 11,.,h troop::, b,_ld officsrs :.r tr·~·tl"d b~' th:ir consciE:nc,,,s . .. · ~J.th.::r t!P J r"'.:.l ob -.: ths ord_:•s . -n-O_Ll,.a.; ho.Ve chi.;..oso!l ! ou:.,..~nr';: ;J r 11 cl.o noL . Pl. c.c.G Chrk--"Fcr ;rocr ini'cr~ti0r. n·.-:r ;::,;cond co:i.crn;r of -':.roo1s c.r~i-,red this ::1cr:L.,g . Yo1-.he.'.~ ;::; ~n th.:::t thcr" c.re nc·· "''.l...i. i!'l t!1e lurbor . ·~c h~ vc • 0 , 02J ...or_ ~ old.:.·-r~, • .., ful ~r :.r-~ ·.n here no .... "•y.,, hc.i."e l,,,o~t/ ler;,-r F..,for:- co:r/.:2.~ to t.1 J... m~ ting r · ~ .. . tclc:-honcl.. Or:..._1. }r.other co.woy he:.., :.rr:'..ved t!:lcre ·1ith ::.cJ '.):...d itionQ_ trooJ.,s. , I h::,vc th-1 •.1~c.ns to enforce wh::.t 1.0 i,&1:t und I do not i.1t0r.d to tolerate t ·:.:.:::di:lay . 11 !~ :i Durl::.J.'1 nv >tcrd:...~rJ-c:.l ay ... __ roved r.i:r reLJ.ucst t!tS.t :{o::;ue:Jcc"'e here . ,,ra le due in Or.... .:.n l : :::io :.½is ufternoor. anr he shou::.d be here 1:J~,: : 30 . ~~it ~... n 1t::.1 ro 6u s C"nfer:: ~it .... 1 s~and • !]befo::-c yo'J. do any.thin~ drastic • 11 1 :::::, ,. o::nt , 1:::!.ni:::-t Fen rd , ·.-10 ?re...J~c "n:; L ,, comes behind Gene::-~.l l · to ......" ·.1hi~c I>c.rlc.-..n, Jl1in and !1.ll'J.!·.v i .. a. car=J-i.1g en un "... 1_;_.,, tcd ·' hre".-coracr ..c. c~:::ifereEce . FC'n::;.rC:. t':)l•-~ Ger. rc.l Cl'.rk +h,.t he be:.ieves hs is .. ~cing c. bi mist:.. 1ce . 11 vou a.re ;;et tin.; v,hat y01: c.nt if you vi only be a lit ls ::::ore ,. ~tient ~~r · E i +," I- __.. rd. s<:rJr:: "Don ' t s~oil . evor:;t~.a.~J.~. You a,_ ..o .... hu.vc ::;o.!..ution t nnd::;, victor;: i~ k::ir' . ll 1"1:..::-l·::::ak s hi~ hce,J l:!.."ld SC.~~ ~1sc believ ~ J··i:1 c.. ::1- :J:c:-lc.n ar ~ j ~ ...t stallin-; . Fcnc.rd dro;s hi::: h ::ds ir. :::. hor~l,,,ss gesture . "Tb· t ' ~ .:1.ot tr, c . I s" vu.r it. You c.re ,_-:...1..C il:.n , ./0u u.T$ blinr:. . 1' Ji.:.~:J. -::11011~3 been ur~1....::.n~:.c:.tydl:,.. .. , , ..... · n~rl, n +,.Lrn +o ~"' •1""' l Cl ,.,,.·_J , '\.·:1.·t1·_ _-:.,.,.., ''D' ,,,,,, ,,.. ' ~ Q-.· ~-a. -J I..;r ..... ['At this Cl~rk to vhi::per 0 (.4 ( _.. ' L,,i. .a..,.l,,.J,. • ....... " .... c;..\. o.) ':\.. Ju.in--nr a::.:. ;·~itl:..Y')U t' . Cl:::.r'--l' o . "ou 1 re not ! 11 .Tvin-- 11 1 a"l i Penc.rd--llYt .... it ~.th -:/'"'''. 11 anr:: you ·.-.:.1 :::.vc the facti n..., , cld.~cl toce• 11..:r '' ! CL.:,rL--ll"o·.1 are not ovir(; :'a::;t cn-:,ug.1 to !:c;::p the Ger'llD.l'i.S ::re, comi..i.z .:.:!to Tu.11.:.~in. .,.. ·· i:. r;ct c. co~:-..o::-i:lcr ~o i"il . ~ •. rr.:.rc:1 ~.:. 1 us . I E"w'tlco·; J.1;'; c:::t.s..bli sh t to c.. ·dlit~r;:r :;overn,;,cnt . ('' ·tu:;,•:-hy)--Tell 't:a3:-.l th&t unls::s t!lcy cl ci.-.:c-to go .... long , i t:1 us rie:1t nm' UrJ E..re tl:iroug:. and I ' .: ... rep .. re.d to lac the::i und r arrtJ t . " Juin--"!.11 -..e a.st for i::- a sus::,::e:i.s:.cn cf th'3 Tunl::: orde:- 11ntil .'o;;ues Cl rk--""o l · e don ' t rA;O .1i::_ P~tajr. ' s orders t:nle:::s he ec±::i along wl ti 1s . n Juin-- "I think h ~~OtZues ,-.:.11 :::.cc". t ycia- ter,:i::: . 1• D.::.rlcn--"I ask ~·ou o reccnsi'l ..--·ill be i.ortk,hile • 11 ( n.nd r;e do.J.' t recoi;nize :::.rrives . 1' r ani Y'<-.i'.:.until !:o:;t,e~ c.:-riv-s . T think it Clark-- 11:'o . Nogues' arrival i::; in no we.,, con_ ected, ith t ds . Th::'•~ c. lot of :::us: i cic::1s a.bout a lot of people! 11 ( Dc.r l&n L., +,._a:ng the sl:ip.., of •.,~ito rc..pcr into sl:irc ds . ) r �( DurLs.n-- 11 "'o.:' • Yc'..l '"il: be atvolutel., ~J!'ltil th~n I cc.. 1 4 t..scu...11f'_J.":l .... rcsro!1c.:~tli cl ~ft ,rno n a.ft :: this z., 11 e:.. not ._;oln~ to th~ n.r- t.:.r-~. - don It r •co .1.:.2 T yo1 ( o.rl:-.1) -..ftcr a:·d . " r:.: rk-- J ln-- If Jo~,1.. s C:lrrk-- 11 r..:.n:1· lll is .::;o.:.r"o 1:,, t::_ to t ... ~ co ..:~ r i tn ., o 1 not e~ t.:.r...-::; •. ,.. , ill 0 1' o •.r n +.,, • 1 r , 11 ,i.-.'.."~r., co ..:ia!1 hi ... " 0 Sl rk , turnlnt:: to D:.i.rL...n--nr ~1Lve rlceivec. :'."'rP~~ fl' t h i: tak . ,, no •CTorJ. about -.:1· t cticn th,_ Do.rlc.n--n -~ mes c"'e a rec :...,rP.c.· Lbout :o la. ,t ni~:.t at Toulon . '.ar::: .:.lJ.e , a::: occt. . i8d b~ t:1e f"' rr!'.R.'1S i::: 001·r...:.~ -~1 _.nc. I h<::.vi:; c:,iv0d no r • l~· . Cr.hl.:.ng r ~ s ~ ri,osr.ibl~ !lo~ . ; a ..L-it.:..!l,;_> t.. r· ~::.o :'ror2 t!1€ fl ~---t. '1 for Cl r::--""o ynu under::,t-nc: ~r-r".r co •' rc:Lio .. in th ::: ecurP thf' fl .... ::or et fi~ht thL t y;:x,:u:. o:..ition it.. u::: e., n riot on ..... on ",r u _ .,_ e.ga.:.n:::.t th~ 'J-9rm-m: b t , Lo .:.!101....r c.b.:. _;_J to '1 i·"'? T)&rl~n--tr"T9;... : 'L.....'t')..:l~r::t&!L: --cll . J,t.: , ... ... te~,.,r ~. !10 lon~J,r in 0 on h" il of '..,h J.. c..d.~ of tll 0 S'1UcJ.:ircn 'I . c:~. t-n·l. ....,c:.i·l-n--"'bout Cltrk--"' il t.) -1 o 1 clo~k." r;i.raud be th ·•:::?n fi.r~·' ~-!'1Ft!1--n~•.c r ,. ~lt th9 , nd . co J p opl,.... r. ·ou . 11 c.:;.rk--n~·ho .:. n .,o r r,nd . ho ,.n:.t d r"\t::L.... ::ov..,~n f3nt . n .. s ., t in . o r .:.1 b Jecic it th 0 ·"a~=~~:?.--n: ..1 .. t co!l'""'""lt .it1 6 0 d "!:,o.,·o 1 ...nle::;_, thL. Juin-- 'T·1 --:t:' is 1 ( /ogu,~. 1~ ·, .:.t.1 th" c.:...,t • . I ·ng Cl::.::-k-- 11'Ih·:m lss·1 (l, ~1co J -r 0 • .. cn- co not .1, J..:1 po ~.... on,::. C!"' . 11 a.r:t to h lr . " ordic>r::: to resi~t, th:- r, rrr..:..n:::n . / ("'' ..:.s :::tc.rt., of: anoth-=-r vole n:...c outbl2' t free. c'"1.. -'-o ,.:!'~ ·1y . -::.3 '!'c, '.n --~citodly . .._,:....ir.. 'mir-J.l F nar.. alks -...:.rto th':) .1ea,' of t:1e tt..ble to tel G :1ere:.l Cl .. : wt.it . Yo1.. .1....ve cv"'rybody tit~1 ./o-:..:. :: s c~r i t1 11' T1in then turn., o .. r:( . Cc:1. rs.l c::.rk . -Ie i::, ::,c 'Yd !!e can i!c.. rcE;:,r :::i.t .,t.:.L . • ---/s h i., ace .. ., 1 of 'lsloJ.:.lty b) G"r.. r~l Cl::.rk :' .,o::" in1icu.ti o~., SECRET icsu Lh crJ,.,_r to �( 1 the t r oops , T ron 1 t ac cuse you o"!: dir. i oye.lt;,r . I j ut Ce,;.n understand t the attitude you tako - -s~yin[; .1ou \7&.nt to fight the C''·rm&ns an then cancellinJ an or der that gave you the op.._ ortuni ty to f ight th , • 11 .Juin --" Gi.rauc1 ha;:; ag r eed to be your militc .. t....::visor . I ;-... ry nt to help Cl rk - - 11::': 1 .1.l sr>e G<'mc al Giraud . If r he ag r ees to have you it him . 11 is alricht ··1it.h 1le • II J uin -- 111 1 ,:i not beiTIG treated r.:.gh t. 11 11:, ""'en'.:r..3 +o Cl:...:--- iL:. vrl[;lish --'' Yot1.are :·.1uking a ~!li::::t&kc You ,·,:i_l spoil , . 11 evcrythln:-: . : Dt rlan-- rr1io i::: c:;oing to coL'l..anC." 1 Cl r~ -- 11'.:.'ho s'.1.r,ren.e ccrrL.an~ ·.il l. ter . 11 be .h.mc~•ic..... T • .:.1 S"ttle th9 French com- r.i.&nc'.0r:., Jt,i:-i - -PI ~ug_ est th t Gir.:,ud be, th" ; 11.dthat I co:n-iand J.:l[;eria . 11 resi Cl rk -- 110kay , if ~·ou •,ill t the G 'I' _,_'J..,'' . Juin -- 11:ro,· or after ( mi li·~ar;; i s~ue the order the meeti~? co!!! :::.nd.'" from n.... to k:...r EL,orte . to the com:.:i.nr-'ers in Tuni:3iu to 11 C::i.r 1 :- - 11I mean no·, l I 1ve to l d :,•ou T 1 ve ha--! ir.for1,1:.i.~icn th:::.t the G rm... plE.n ns to lc...nc.'in Constantine anrJ. Setif . ''cur futu r e .i t h us de:;:,enC'.S ·.,hether you d.o on this or r.o+ ! 11 J uin -- 11This put::: me in a hell Cl£.rk- - 11I 1:no·. it lut J uL1- - "Bllt the hell of a s ...ot • 11 / .} I ' m in a ·.1orse srot . 'l'he r,e:c-::1 .:.re movin.; ns of it i., that 1,, .,,. . 11 Nogues is m;r co,:r1anc ·r . 11 Cl· r k--"'Ns ·;ytl~ing de ends on ·~hetl.er u-o-ugo to t e l ephone now &nd tell your co"! .an'iers to resist . I ll'!ean this .fro:.! the bot+o.1 of my h~a:--t . T 'ill se:nd cpla.ne to chec!~ on ·;hether th':1 or d r .:.sr ho!1ed w. ' ·1hether it L being obey~cl . " Clcr\{ --" Revokc the ord r e.nd t13L th~rn to r,si...t . If ~•o·.1 hold Const&.ntln\> airpor+ , :;_1d Sctif , I ,,ill guara.nLe ei.at I \ ill send r,lanes in th:rc ::. ~'.,c:d.:.;:;.LlJ .. to helf . 11 Juin- If ;,'Ou send the pla.'1.es nobody ,,ill 11 CL rk -- "I insist Ger:Jc.n:::. 11 Juin - - 111 nant tl1:o.t you to talk bother hone the com~anders to Darla..'1. 11 .:rou. 11 i:m:iedi ate~y t6 resi.:,t the �( (, hilo Darlan and Juin o.re out of the ro om, r- ne~a.l Cl rk strides up c.nd dovm pc.st the head of the table . !.<.1irc.l Fenarc' is t-~-e._·-ing it .1im to wait until Nogues arriv~l be.fore he ~O('S c.n:r:.ting drasti c . HYou 6 n ' + m11. rstand the internal si tuatio:.1 , 11pleuds Fenard. . 11 v :-yone L behind :::'arl n . :f you wil ,.ai t you will hse everyona ·.ti.th you . If not , you .i.11 ups t the aL_ 1 e cu.rt . 11 ') Cl f'rk -- 11 , and if I "·:.it , L1 ad ition to r-,1 s , 1 1 1.,__ Yes h-ve r, rs&ns on top of t, .,. The.: c.rs:.- i lding u1- r .sista.11ce . '"l'r l n , Juin a:id th!:? r est of then bu ,.ant to t cro· 1 Giraud out . I 1 'll going to sti ck by ~ i r t ld . if Juin cioesn I t issue the ordors no-r- I will wait· :or the!!! to co_nfer witn .Iogu3s any-1ay . Sti::._ , I am not sure o are 2y frien~'., . n 0 -Fenard --11""'l you are bl.ind . "ou are 1c;n I a.:1 sure of it ! " if you d.nn 1 t tru::;t making a nistake ;' :::c.k ., k •.o .. that • the st~nd an " takL"lg ls · ~-.,,.;--;+· ~ ~ -1_ c...r n~ i;e,_ +.--d,., in;; ""o""-~•1 11~ .!l l; enc r ..... Cl~ k • l'r•,, n Uv., COTililc..11 .~.r +v - 1~ ~ . F cn&r db egins P1ea a· th<:>friendly Frenc.'l , dr ir1:.l , ,. ho has d0c::.c..red ~ _ r1e""lctistratcd he L ,. i tn c... , 1r' 11 matter ·.-,hc.t har,_en:::.. 10Sc.rs General Cl rk : 11 c&n 1 t that he ,·:i..L bacl: ~d .io ~ afford to ::ia'rn c:.n;-,- takes. . Tie stakes are too :1ibh . 11 Jar lL!.Il and J1..in then .:ii return . ( Juin-- 11 r...ave just chec::ed . In "'unL , r.encral :3arr:i: is cove-ring the r· lro..:..ds . 1 He ::o.ys he eot orrr:rs fro::: Vidhv yesterd(;;..,· not to re::,i.,t th8 G3::.~m ... r.,:,, ·re t,l1ought I ,:as a prisoner , I told hi.:i th.c..t if the G<irmc.ns attc..ck , he is to r esist . '' Cl ~rk--Su J.~ o:::e the Ger!'.!ans cor.ie o:i the airpo:::ts . "''nm. tr.en? Juin --" :.s yo 1.i 1 :!_0'\. , they are alrea{"./ on some airport., mve at c..cL_d but BarrE. b.c..-.~ order::: fror:i ' 7 ::..d ;, . n h CL.r:~-- 11 the C,crma.ns come on to a.not:1er air,>ort If r esis·L • 11 Juin-- . '.:.'"10 I! :'r0nch are the Frencl, should going to 11 . " Ycs Generc:i.l Clr.rlc then instruct:::; i.dmirc.:;. D.:..r e..r. t1mt he t 1ill G..il' it tl1e mect::.n: l with No~'nes before ric.1d!1 6 a decision . The Deputy Com and.er then ::;hc:):es lu:.nds ..1th the Fr .mch"len 'and leaves the room . ~!e h&s &.lrt6. 'y orc".ered thc.t the French nu.v&.l staff , occupyin:; a lr.r _;0 part of the Hotel 0 t . r aor 6 v, be out bJ C tt:rdav· noon so t:1<" r icans c ?n take the ent.:.re structure o·v r l :J .> [Follo· in, l:mch , th gen~r&l ho l ci.s 3. ;'r(.ss corSer-:mce: 'l"'ith ur.:.tish 5nd Jm r.icc.:.'1 corrcspo21:lPnts . HA c .. :jlc...ir:: +1-..~-t, fer the ~ ~ Ll1~ .., Cl.' h he....., tT., !1c.d :1i'"'" ... :1c _r:: f·.111 yri J·,:1 th~ _ _iolitical iitua. ... :iion ; tha-~ :_ is .,ealinz r .:.th ~ v8ral L!3l)::.ro.nt..., ~ !'or :po-., r; J/1Lt ht. definitcl,, ~'"' 6 0..:..__,to .i::;e Cc.ncrc.l r..:.rc..:~ "b::ct..u..::e ,.e ...r c r::.a..:.n he ,.::.11 .fi~ht alor:c~siJc , .$ • TltJGU.rcling 11,, :18 is necotiutinG . v.1.:.th"'c.rl&. , r' 0r ..Jr&l .. .L 1t Clarlc "'Y.:})lLit;,c, t~c.--~ altl:.o .._.): h- II 0-:.ilC.::.1. . --t nyt:1inz re.st Darlo.r. , II th I'ri:..n_h c aclm::.ral llhas ths a.'..r anr.: n:.vJ· solic.l.1 t_:1.ind hi._ anr' they G.r £.1~ .:..u"'.:..:_t ~.:.rauC::. . I 1 v...; h[;.d to .Jl:...; · lJvh Du-lc.rr beci:..use hs .:..lc::ic:h-.., J~hc po·:.Jr to ::.top all ho:::.t::.lit::.e.: anc~ ~.:. u::; ""'c.l ;::up,.or'.:,. ,.,hi::; >:ill sL.ve u:: G.,..e t futnre effort . }'.J goc..l ::.eto ve 1 ~ECRET �I lO \ get narla:1 , ,...:.'r&ud a.nC::. l..2. the fo.ctionc together in hcr.,10:1.;• 11 ne tl1-n _;_nforra::: the ne,1:::~-.'.lper~ '1. • r>~.dlo !!'.en t:u.t :::.'arlc.n hu.s ::,ent instructions -:.o t __ Frcr..ch flc ,t to -:J l c:.vc f;r~'"clc T!'l"t·O~O1.itt..n . cr ts :..,r ::-roceed to ifricL for r:::fuelin.; ~o it c_n proce) ., to tr_ T\1i•~ed C'tates so ne 6 oti'.:.t::. on fc-r it::: us2 c'"r.. be ctc.r 4 ::d . 11 He tell:.; t':e'"' c.bout rcvo l:r... ion of th,,. orc½::r to ':'~ii'" ' ~· con c.n r::: an rc::i·r'r::, : 11_,..., :i·o·.1c&.n ::, c , .,. h£..ve ..,o:" wi'1ealthy bed C" .x:.::::ior.s." P~caa..,e th- po itic 1 i·~·A·-:.ion _;_::; still .:elic&.te , n'ltlli:..1t; is to be . 1ri:ated 1.'.l1-l:.il &ccorc1. i::; r -:cr.ec: T'\a_·lc..n ur. or is Jt..iler· . rrY01.1 l sa· . today th~ ~:ivul al of e..llout ::_5 :1::. 102.ced it:1 ::::.1 .l:'.. 2.:: . ::: .• ni troo:;:; , " r.'"'!1~·al Slc.r' C"nc1udes. ",..iii~ r:::.lces n:~- :;.::.:1,.-, .. uch :::tro ••~c :· v..:. th the F:?:ench. 11 0 1 in ~1i:::ron:. hile th€: F::er..c11I!Lnc ·· toe th 0 r to t!'~ ~~d.r c..ch tn ac;rA'"'~ , r nc,~-1 ~l.:.r}:, . ·~~:~ r.ru.~cr ~sa~h:'..~ .. .... -it ~r.:..v.:.:a~ ~~:icl:: ~:.~t ~ he.s besn rP ,uisit:.oncd , b0es out to v~, _;_J~ troo:--.: . P,,, • .as~ -cts t!1e 39th combc:.t "':,~c·n c...~c'. ccnfcr:: .i. ,_ Colnn~l C--t ::,.,-.,~ i::1-: gentrc..l .,..1.:.02.+ ... :hs :i.1on . in1 ..., conc,3rn:_:10 the fight.:..n.~ th~~r J.~t;_c.:. J. )!'tci:. .:.4' ' .. the:r c..r 6 ':?tti!l[; fr:;C ~: ½_UCTttSr.A:J~ ::e .., o .. · later rc:r.c.r::::; ho- rr-fre::: 1ing it · ::: ·to eL o·,t c.r.i-n: troo)s aci!l , T+, is rl~o hsc.rtr-n-ir:~ to ~ _ ::,o 'l' ny r2.'.;'"-c., c..r.Ld b ~ c:i:-t.,--look:'.. l~ 'n"'ric·:1 ~old:. '1..:: ~tc.tio::~-::= CTf"\ .... , -~1:.~c.:.t:,.. :.... ; _ ti.. ... ... b·~2:: r1r'"'t:r::.""~ .:..:,....!l ;., .. c.: ." Carr ..... ...... __ :..:o "":)l~ ch ~1 --m:bl,,. J.:.o 1.ait 'i"i:::-'-ly 3 1 0 C<u - ... :o ore.t:..::-~, ~ ~ ... .:. .... :.~L.,,_crtl,.). 1--~!c~u~::. h~ .... c:.:ri"l'..r c..~.:. ... 1~£ncL .... _ :,h n ~r ....l;)i::tl.:.1 ... -:ht..-J. cCl ..... o_t . i:.) ~ -. 2- Pr .... 8i( t Roos?~r..1-t l1E. ....~:...:, l :-1s-·\ ....l ~l __ ' s no,... .... .. r:: ~n t:.f"'l!l to "th ~ ~1:.,,,t.; JvO becor1-:: ~ T .:.~'..:.ten'::1t Ge:! ~-: l! l 0 ..... ·r·~--r .. dL"'l : r , -'- c:1tirs "£..~~·J-: .1~ ... 1.c8 ;:tc.:'f:.-:....bo1t nin" mc:!--i[. al ... r-Led. ~hey L..r t0Jacco1 _an7're; •• -wl Cl rk to :.i [schedu ..::djco:1f~r~nc::: at 2100 ;-•::.:,11Dc.rlc.::1., No0 ,-~ , r.iro , -, st a:!d t'rl otiir-r Fr nch ,_., t'.:'11.esrc· ., r .r cod ap anC:. :.l · c:::.rin.., s.:.c., ar:::;:, , ....,o s .:.n - ~J.:!:) to ti1- hot :. ::.ob'.): ,,it:1,.. :i i:..l CL,rk . The r::-2ncll].2n b.re 2.lr0c :' +L~r ·1 ~O[;U ::: r.nd Jarl:::.n asl~ Ge.. r::..l Clar::S. for t.. s--. :i:rc.t ~ .cor..fcr ..• cc . 1 Cir~ ~, ·· 1 io ms'.:>, n ~- lon" ·.~olf ~11 ale>'J.C &tw1ds ~n ·'·h~ bac>_:rcund b,; !-ii :: :.: . , [·e 1"0 1<:_ "l...:.r ed'J L1 inJ., ~::. r ·' r e; .• l' .:.:1, t r ':l;.91'" J r,~_ . -':.r.'..Jt Ho....,u::::i,.; t (, Co ·n er - ::.n-Ch.i b:· ret(in 1 ;o o;d0r a~ thr-.+, .s :::uc ., '1 ~-- ent.:.tlcd. to & . r::.v .... tEcon::er ':J.CC . C.Pncr:::.l Clc;.r! look::;c,;Nogu8::: l2ter:;.lJ in tl. ./' :.,tra::.....,:rt.cn;:;to !2l::: 1 fi,..n 7 "o"'uen tt "' ol,, ct..,,._,"'r.- rot r 1.,o·::1i - clth-::r :1~or ~~- " lo • -"ull h9i,.ht ·Jc,.,'.i ::::::.y::: - ·-c1 • • "Tel ...,.. .... 11 Pet.:.in ! ':'hi.., nci{.0.: Eo;ue,::: t-i.1k ' ... d., c.:!: ·.2 :c.:; , .:..l:::.v , r :::~-• 7 C•[.rk so::: ... into the c"t.11- conference room -it:1 D[..,rlc...1 O .J.e:...en-· '.r . '- .r:;.-,h., The r _t of , . the office:.·:: , both AJrtc-ric~n and F: e1,ch , .,tzw" or s:.t around .:._1 t:.e lol::1:;.~r. E'o~in louc: vo::.c s are coming from the roo.c: , [·l:"ost c..L tlie talk is French . Occanional-. Ge:aeral Cl .r ' s de ,p voice comes +,hrou;b. the dou r a.nC:: ·· 1 7 • T' er.. the Frcnch-nen are off a_cain , shou+ing excitedlJ .J • .fter an h ell' of tLis , 0 irc:1<2, · no h,;:; bc.,n 7 ob'ov t~ 1 '- ' ,. to~"........,, 0·.1.. ~1.·++;,., I- .1.,-.. ,, ...... 1 ·, ... ,.,.. ......, · ~ --1 o'h-r' o· ..., 1 ." - -"-o•.L ,,.,"r .....u., bir -'-'l' o·'l,.r ...., ..., v-.,1. ... v .... vJ.:..._ .J c..,....;,.,..i.\..J...L•v -~.... ..., -.. _ ...... l,! v ...... .,,, F'rcnch~r-::, -.s .:r:..·.rit0d i:i . T:e :~---:o. t:... .,.."":.'j, ("\~ "'..i:~e 0r r- .. :J c/o-:h. ?:~hrr:e::. l""!t· ..... ...... h.: ,rc.1C: '1e is !"_nr11'"'~:~ .:-i.Loui., !1i: fut-u.rc ..i)O::.itio ...... P-,:, renc..r:-..1Cl--r~ 11a:: :--rrv--~..:.:-d tc ."' ! ... ot 1 let hir.! do :1 • .,...,h(;r.irc .. r :'t-d !l t .... th:: ~... , 1 + L.e other t,,o Fi, .. r.... (.,("\ r-~h ... -· ... .:-t.:.c..1./ t 1r ... .L_, · .,,, , ..,c1 ...rol r .... Y"r--al ,.,,r.,.,,,...£".,·1"'.., .1. · ("1,,..11 .. .....,_...,+r-i .i",..:r . ~-.. 1, ......, .. ,_ .. ,...., n.-.-1n ·-.., - 0 .............. :J .......... ~--;....,.- L ....__ --~...,(;,,. ...... .. "'_ _" ... i1 0 1 ::: i,..., 1 1 0 J ~ ...... ........1 "',. Ou• '-- .... .--... ... 0 ~ J.J. c1 •• .1. -! • 1 .., ...,...,...,..,J. ,;,,-.,v ,.. CO..:..-"" 'fr'~.'!!'"u • ·'- • .... .... -1 • ... ........ ..1 .i. - -~"!.. rq~r-::.---~~=-·r ""n Cc.";'J.: ~ ..d. n~1:. ... lw.J. .... ~ 1_~7: .... t~"'! ~r ..J..!':="'~~ rcca. .. ... .... b :t ... , -I,_,, · .........nt 1 1 ,, 1 1 1"' l:~.-:L,;:; the hc..v to-~ .... . nw~ th-~~ 11 (1 :.......... ~ _, . ... ~ ..,,j ·- ·i ..... .. l: __ I Z'J ..i ... J.t./~ .......... ._. .... .... .., -.J • t T + :.._...,,__.__o::; 1 .... ..,. • --'- ..... l ...,Q_ ~ .... ... ,v re£' thi .... . (',. ...... , ~-:!.. r1 ~ : wr 1 i,..., /"'- ",....~.,, ~ ~, 'r,..., , told t!1, . ~.h... "...:.1· tr..2~.i ~ov r .......... .. .. ..t. i J �\\\ .• r - b~ -':,G,,... t:·-1..:..... Lo o. .i -t.:.c 11.,,i.,J. + _• .., 1• + ~., Jl.., .a..J.l ....... ,h cu1t ~ lr _ _ 1 :1 .:.c+ur i ~tc..r.J -t-J to .... L Tt i ... no I lr C fer ,l II ( ... L u...,: o.'..11,, 0 _., .... .. ..... .1..--· T' J. ...' . l' ~ Lr" - •...,; +v ~ 1 .1. .... . u +, lJ "'!i:r~t lat r , ,.,e.-ivral CL . ·_,:: .::.~ ret 1r:1"' to tho cor.f rE-.. c roo:n ""'.1d th ~r~ti· · hs.s b .,en uo ~.1.(""on ..... .... ub idcs . ..... ~ft(,.c..... 7inut':s J t, r 1 ..,he confe r ees 1 conci c··-::.. '"h on<' one tlv-":. loo~Cl the bR.si:. ui·~ pleased is '}cn"lral Cl. :rk . Iis ofL.cPI' _ .ll in be :i.nd him nr' alk +.o their •. section o" the hoteLft.hrourh a dark , b istin roaJ y- co·;rt,rc,r - . - :i · ..•,.. .1.00·.1 , ,., c.1t .,..r1 Cl .... _,.... :.r.:. fl.: to ½. · 1;: ;-.., ·..., Jl'ious o:'fic:::- ~: '''T'h~ Fr .•c.1-~ . + ..:c:.·: t'1,;.,- Cd.11 02:' -t, ..:.s t:u..1_; tit . T J vv given th8,1 unt:~ ... t o.10rro to r O ~0: I " ;..'..r C:. n u.11( r I .:;o.:...'l[; b _j . (' d.1 .· '-' 1 '· • II to rri,, tr ::1of-~ -'-fmT· ~" -·,., ··-'t'-~-r, 7 _ ...,:i ___.t,r • .'..::''..c . ot u"' , to ::>.l,_ ·.cf.. .1 u·. _r .i. ., •• I_ 0 t: O .1 - r--t.-, + o!l; ... :,o _r"o 01 -· 0 ..'.:'ro r:.:.1,r .... '_1+1,-. ; ~--:c • b_ ~ I., 1 -· . to -r ./ ("1 ,.,1 r 'c b ,....i.-,_..., t· .. .• c b .1;:1 r ..., "'O CLO .... _, r J0 '1 • ,r "o r,, _...., ...... ::..~i l r , Q·~-C c- , ••o (' l l , s. •t ... ... r' be r,... l-._.: c. ·- + ion .. ' -'- '.) :_ _ __,2, .J\J 1:.. ~.,. t C. , ... w -· / ., -1- ir..c c: 1 c.t "~.Tl .1 1' .'..~ vh. r , '' i .......:>v . J..: ........l.r,.. .:; _1 ,r V -· _ f II ._, l • TT ",.. ½ ·lk 0 •, ..., ,..1,,;-- - I 1 C~J .... , ~O nr T""'.: c ....... '" '"''-1 .:.11 . r -J c_ -..y or .• J _ ., ""- J. ... ., -l ....... -I..!~ . i- c.r,:."· .• L .I.J.u .t r ,o .,., -L.,...,:_,,. .. r-.:.t·'-.. . , 1'(' o'-•l.:.z .• _·,,l c,: .,..:, +,""\ r· , r n~ . ~ -~ ... Q~ • -l- p.,, 0.11,, .,,.1- .. .1. +· 0r ·L::_ r ..., . v\.. r' i.. ·11 1-.. .. ~- ..., ,.. }'L _ ....... ...._,r ~.c v • v J l':"'" • , . l L.-:: -~h ' i l • I' , r-t.:..:.. r~d 1.:_v·~l.., -'..,.:.....to .. tc~- ~ 1 ,1.. · ~t<;. µit~l..,.~:..o .. rt/ ... .i.. . __ <':.•a.n - .~ >r _ .j t "~.., 1::. ,vu. e. ::: L... '....u ~ _,_ .:.1 .1. •• ' '-- Fr :_c~ (..,,._: .. _.,.~r · ~~- .. ~ ~ i ..... .,.... c......... p[...-1 ...:~ :o-L~ r .J..1,...,_r-l iov..., _ or ' ..... ... rvtl.-<.." to ...,,, .. ()rol.!co. [rt ··- ·~l · .. ·- ,1- L:'!ut :· ......... Jv:11,--'-::,_, ... :!lnn ......... , ..... "'"' ...... .. .,.::_1 o:- tree ..... ~ 4o".:.•4u +..! .. l,,.o,1;0_1 of __ g+':. ·· . c . re..;) ~ u li ... ~.0-.:1 .ror t....-cl ..:..· -L: '01,..• ·~.:..:..?.. ' ,. ... .... , -1. 1...., G"" - ~ .. :... -c ,_,:vel_ ...c: _ ..... ... o.... , -~: ...,..,, __ '... [..~r .. v JO ~ o_. 1 r. .. 1 "'I .1. :..:... -r,t,.): o... "".r ..... .L .1. i..,:,. ..... • .LI"\ o"t'9·· -.,,... . ... TT' ... ~~1-, . c ... + '1. _ • Pl .. ~r ... · ...: --~t ... .. r: ,_.-,... r,1 ...... :,... .. "" .i. .1. _c:c _,:= .,._;. ,..,"r ..... flJ. . ,...,, . ...,"-.i '-ro0.,. .....- . ro~=..., ' .. .:...... .. _, .....,oi .L. ·SECRET ., .c L. -·, .. . . ~ o~c.....u.r.......... n.__, �~t;f;". [\ ~ ~:\(ECRET . S -~-------- ,PF, t"'R"' "J:'RTT) •r' :·ovT"'"')TC>-q ' 194'2--lf'T'h::.~ •'-'-/ 1.:- r'r.i.1.L,; -~:p1~,. '1, ti le c.. ·l :.u .... 1 °l ....-.1-- ~ l I 1 :£'[..i..,:' "b~➔ o....... ~ ~ ho,..--,,. :c ... ~ ~ c:,V ·--•o to L- '- l_ v:•,/ ~--.,:r.:'or •lo,; Tt ~.L.-rJ·s o-t ·'' 1: -... -.1.0.1...-;h: -:,h lut)ri~ .. ......u- ,tJ .., - , ~ ...... ~ran·~ IJ1o.., :..o"' a....... .i. :, bole": f.:.c~ tJ.._-~ t..1. ounc'"' thi:.., :nornin 6 th.:..t 't"n ro.l r1'-:,--!{ :1.;;.~ , bE-~n --"-d~ '-- :::...i.2t.tn~.•.t r en_ -.::..1. ,.,.1.t r• ::,1. ".:..l ClcJ"k r3fus ~ to : .:t ~h~ th.i.rd stc:r o.• e::c.1 s:.1.oQ:'...:. -:....nt::.lh r h2.~ offic:. .. l co:'li'::.r""!~t.i.on . i,..; Ds..rl~ , 'o~":.L.):: ........ an~ r' · rc.;...1d arc &.~~i!l i:-i co!'lfe2-- .... , o.tt .. ... c rr,t.::..ng to . o~ 1 01.:t ~ ir i ... :C:.::..<-2...i,..,rob:..,~ ~:~d ~ :;ol·-.t:.o:i to t:1~ :..nvol,.. ~ n.:.t"-.!~t.:.on":n ~ C[..bl3 ... __ . to ,.,e~erc:.l !:.he ... , rJ.u.:ra.l Cl:..r::, '"'o ..:i..;l.:.k:. r.ouues ~v\...n ~.1orc.. r th:..n r...c. doc...., "L2 t ',""&. 1{ 1 i:,;; Jt ::..-i C~-~cr::.oos nO,)L ~ , / :.n olC:. t r ..1 k.10'7.1 i,E:.11 b., :1.i.mc.w.1d , rr h.:.u ol"' friE::..1., ,.,t,;n,::i:·, l'T 1 . 11 :Tog-....t. C ,_ .... 0 c............ Clr,....L.. "l::J a ·r:-,('I•~ . " "·!1 n tl1'J , ... ..... u.. -::c ..., , c l..2. , ... '":.~s'-"u'::.u r"~~ived ..... ,,ibrc..:::.ta.::. t·,_, cieco!!.'!er..,0E'l~'.:h t. .:.t .:..::. G~bl-C.: tr.n.., 1::.usion. It..:. 1. 1 t . It "ans "Jello·. bellied con of u. b..i.tcl·1 Clark ho..s £..b;::;oL,tely no v.s0 ." fo:: ~ro..;ue.::~ 1+ , l..'..k' Dar:::.'---1 ..i.t look::: c... thct~.:;L :L . ..:. , iht lLVt; to i·L-:i alono '...:.. th ' . 11_ "1. -1-·- =~.J To provide for evcntt:Z.li t.:.e;;,, General Clc.rk ca.lL i::1 Ge:-ie"al R:·d r t~1rl tel .s hi~ "o r·..:t &.l his troo .~:: on th [;.l"'rt i. event of trn"'J.ble . Tf th:; negot.:. + ..:.::m.., fc::..::.l +'1.s:~ .1.~./ be fi...;hti..~ a.ud thl.3 •-.Pr.:.cc:-.1 troo_;_.., .::.:...,pcrsed c:::;;il., aroc.L'1d.th~ , .... _ Llg.i. .., E..r ""' J.1Ustbe rt:;::;.dy to fieht. Little inc.i.d •.,:L.., h1c.vebeen c.ris.i.n.c; duilJ . t.r,otn r co ,~., up this norning . Fir"' ..., :::"rench ~en:&J.&..,c fighters &.re :...~ch~· , ~n for •. , ~::. the s:-: 1. t. .... •.ard +he.t has surroun:il3d the :'..uto.r:h.t.i.c Tele .._ .:.onci F·.ch, •. o-·u- , ~ ... 1c....l~ ..d...uar-Ler..:i. Lat('.'.r, " .n~cl1ine gi....n~o:np&n/· come~ en~ b&ii21s ettl:1c 119c .P 1 its cuns .i.n front of our :ner ::. ~.! gi.:.ard . ne·d r ::.s ordered to CO-:.....!lt,rc.ctth::.~ ..0\ • c Ge.1 r" l Clrrk orJcrs .J .::.:-.to :::-~port to :-:.~ • 0 , 1.... ~ ..dc_r.1., , r_n,"c..l 'Tog-Ee::,a .ear::, 2.. _:l go G .:.nto a con_~ r .1c, .:.n "on~-~.:.1 Clc.rk co:.1'.:LLd hr•+~l 1:):)d.roo::1-of.f::.c::: ·o.;-...::.:::s •• t::. &. last . ,~1:. _inLr~.. ·i.,i:..:::: r,. .1 rc..l Cl&rk iL:1 b .... :\:>r l'! vc_:,. iri-~o thtJ ·co!'l.f:r .... !1.c .:.t:1 :'l-rl::...n [...!.1G.r,.i.r.:...ud r.'1h'3 .l.,uttl,.Cc... ...... r . n . _.. nd 1 .., lE. r.:.~ a J ..c.:.$.:.on r;r"zt b reacl...,"lc: tl1 ....Frf~... 1: , 1c:l!.i.~n rrn"'st co .... .... th~::.r ".i.f.:"~r..... ........ :_;ot. . r-_c , or th_.."/" 1:1'il c...1-.be ..... II..&.1 ~t dus~oU" a..i.1'., c.. .. 1.~_1:..tu.rv 0v r ... .._nt, '"'Jt~bliµ:J,...,- . ~11~n 11,. 0 Ju.:.n r ... port...,. T:r.J. ...L~C.)rtc....:.n 4h ... , r ..- ere..: Clr..rk t~l~s :1.:.. <.,..toutt!1c ""'·'-'-i?: 0 up no tcr o:: ~:~ .. Fr~r!Ch :nc.ch:L_ec:;t:..'1 ...-".::.nJ ~/ orders hL. to :rn.v~ it r~ ..1ovcd .i..r ed.:..... co t'--J.,. JiHn e&y::, it i.., all a ~1istc:..!rnc.nd hur:·ies ;_;.":ayto h~.ve th~ co;:1 c..n., r~t..~:rn~c...to 2:t::, '!Jarr&ckr: . The hzl out::,.i.de the ..:~nerQl I s roo'.1 is filled . Gira 4, , '.dI.'lirul ::-'en&.rr'l var .;.ous , lu.,..,cr officials c.11.;. Briti::;h Gcn£rc:..l . .ndE-~son. "'he gE-nerc. cr.l.!.::; in the ':r.i.t:.::/ r ~ '10 r-J. orts tha-::. r...:.s o)crc. ·;:,io::i "...oth'3 ea::t is -:;oinc , 1:. 'oue :1u.s i:>Jen C:iv-3, / !)0m0e,J out, thJre is no dam~.;e . There h:,s been a tori .:'.o a~t .... en ,....oc,[;i- bllt t' r ... ck c.re no cam:w.lt.i.ec • Lnti-aircraft reinforce:'.l&nts ht.v _ c.,rrived a"~ bot:1 non~ d..1d B,.>.,""'..:.e . On batta.:::..;.o 1 of th_ 3Pt;1 Er.i.·0lsh 3ri~&.de n. s !oved from B01.1&::.c 8et..:.f to to ··,.olJ th~ a::.rJ.~~o,_ ~nc: rcvent r:E;r-::c.nlondinge . '.not'1c::r bat"-alioi __ •. of tlL ~'-'-me outfit has arrive 1 ,2,t Jon to re,plc.ce th3 ba,..tu.Eon 1noved to fetif . Seven Italie,n tran~ •.Jort ~')le.nRs h .ve landed at ~1 Alouine , in ,.,.t.'-!l.i.s.i.aOne h,,ndred ten It, lian . trucks have oved to k Goulette . ':'·o ba+tc..l::.ons of r,c:.:-.1:.:.tns :1t.ve 1ove~ to ··u.cor , north ,est of :Sizerte . 11:'here are ind.:.cation::, thP,y are 6 oini; to .:ic:~t o,. . ,os ~t on ~ro ... thP- French . The t rn generals go over • lans to "love r.::.rc.troops up . "ira-:....d. comes .:..n to be as.sured 0hc..t General Cl rk is s·ti2. tc.c:.ing :1im. ~~dmir'-2. :." ut..rr.::~.uu-i:..., to ..,sure G-e'.'.ler·:::. Clc..rk that he thinks things o.r 6 0.:.ng to v;-ork o-:.::."~ ::;c.tisfr.ctoril.,· . j (!:'. ) · Fina) , ::..tis ti!':9 for Grneral c1~ '~o driv .. rk to 2.1.son Planch" to .J t 2nP.r...l ::-'i '1"· ·3r . F.s -~har.kf ~l , - leav A.l th cro·~c ' h 11 w"'1d i;o ,s to th. airrlro •. • J·.,;::t as r, n "ral Cl1:..r:c s convo., , co 1:::-;os0rl fo"r pa~~ 01; r ;:: rs &nd t ro load~ of ' oP .... arm-ct .old:. rs pack d i.'1 p_eps , r n :.~c..1~L .1:10• '.);r-J•• pl~'1 l::.'1rl.r . T,~.-e c:.-i.'1 r J « CRET J �I\ 3 r lFlyin::; Fortr'3sses o.nd a sqm:..dron of TT . c . n_39 fi 0 hers [.rrive .::i':11.ll taneous :". G~ner· ls Cl r 1{ and =iserl!',o ·1er c.:.::c;. · .iiral C1.:!111inzhc. a.rive be.ck to .J..gL~rs to;;0th2r , . .. ) J the Dcpu~y c~:,--;and r -~r.:.nging ~~- Co:!L"!l~r.d:r-~n ~hitf and th?- Nc;.Yal Co~ :r.n~.::r 1.? to 1 date d·1r:.11.[; ~-L 18 b.~o::wter r:.r- • T~ LS c.P.c~dPt.;,that Ge•. ~&1 Clc .. ...Ll ·.,r..1..-: rk 1:,0 1 er,. th. Fr• ...ch"lcn fir~t and that l'en r· 1 -i:::cnho .::.1.1. .... b cul~ d into th conth f .... renc , roo.:1• 0 •.rr:.ving c.t the hot~l , +hn thr'°" .. ,n have lunch a.nC: juct as t' .., c..r" f.::.r.i...,hing v.rord is broU£ht that the Frc.,'1Ch of1ici£..l.: \.:.nt to .,ee General Clark . ':he.,- hav0 reac:1ed e1...'1a~reemsnt . Gene:·al Glar':C t..,o ., to see them . ,..,h.:.s is ths ~ ,ree.-.mt th y have reached:} ~ ~ ,,. · ~ ~ 'JJ ~ P"'..I, T)&.r · .:..1 h3b.<:th" civil and oli t.::.c&l govern:nent lc..n ;he- present gov"'rnors of : French ··orocco--·fo ucs ; 1.lecria -C hatttol ; &nd Tunisia--Estev'"" f ill remain in their posts . r ira.ud is to hl"a ·' the French -~"'ed Forc .... , recrui ti~ s ""n ar uy to fight &t t: ... ;:;;iL of ths l1.. ll.::_3s. He is to be giv"'n a freo r in to 6 et 'I,; olu.'1teers fro,:1 the "' regular Frenc11 .:.rmy. For the time bein,_, , Giraud rs a. _.ointl:lent wiL .. not be annou..'lced for ~oliticc..l reQsons . Says General Clark , after th3 plan h~s been ~utlined to 0 1:i , : "You have reacheq c.n ac·ord that• .i.11 as~ist al Al ied forces in Lfricc.. . I knm·. it has be'Jn difficult for you c..nd for :ne to ucljust our difference::; . I b.p,...reciate your cooperation and your hP::.p at this time . ·.row ,"e can co ahead w"1ited in OJI' pl:m of defE.at.:.ng ::.he :~.is , r'3storing F:.. nee a.l'ld re .... toring _;Jeace. .d,.1ira: Darlan wil hoa. up the ...r itical and civil end of the Gov rn:.ient of :forth Afric..,_, ""hi.:; .:.1_ bring compl ite co pe::-ation and accord '.it~ t'1e ;,11 ::.:-' forCAS . mhroi.:..,: r- ~a ral .. r .:..ruud you -~ill as~ist uc in our ?orth 1'..fr.i.cc..ncaml)(!ign . .ll:niro.l Darlan .i.11 coo .... orate so thr.t French forces --.i.11 ·efend. French Porth .'.fr · ca . 'T0 rill u3e his .influence to &ssem.ble all availabL ':leans for :wl .:.ng us . 0 • I.\ ,~,, thr c;oYPrnors at . resent im:tal" 'd •,il rern1in o.t the.i.r C 3n ~l ,... ::.raud ""::..1 b ~nno11nc... as h ... d L.~ of &11 :::'r-::nc'.tur:1ed :~orces in fortL. . frica. , C r'.e.in o'.:.h,r .;~....,rc..l s_ue,rJtion.., , il~ b' ta 1w11 lfl lat r . Th'..3 C"nc2rn ~ ½.ui ~.:. g , orgi:..nizat.:. ti1 -E- d coordLLtin: .. •. :rr ..ch ~.itc that w.i.11 f.:...:;ht at our ::ic:.". "'o fac.:..:i'.c..' ~ our or~- v..t.::.ns,frcnch troop.., in st atec;ic r,ositions Y,ill vacate -':.heir f.:.cili t.:..es , o ;nakc .,.,oomfor . s . I look ~ o .id ..iral Di:..r la:: for 3.i._;na:~'.lI'E. the permanent a.r.n.i.sJ~ic.... ter;r.s . ...E. , il of i: ork up _. '. -~ t::..i.l:.; of this .::::-:n.::.stic later . I propose .101. to bring .:..n t.he Co--: '!and"r-in-ChLf , (!;_n rt..l ~icenhovrnr . rr J. c territorial o~-t-;:... · t c;.:: a. :--. ... opr:_ate t.:..v, P~for·, GE;ner::..l ~iscnho•·•er is bro1.....ght in and introduced to t,l. thr "'rench off.i.ccr., , :J.d;niral Dv.rlan 3tu.te:: he is ::igni:ng ths accord "wit1,.1the obje tive o::: defeo.ti ..;:; the Ger -:c.r..s"'nd returning Franc" to her for:rrer • l:::..c". rr Ge.1~r~ 1 Eisenho·"er , c.fter shakin_; hand::- ,ill all the officer.., , says : "General Ch .:-';: tel~s ::1e you have reu.c~1er1 co.:r;:--lete accor O • •• hc.t ,;ou propose is co .:p:>tel:r c.cce ~ -table to :ne. From this de..,- on .. d1:!irc.l Darla.1 Lcc;~3 the Frc11c l'orth li'.,..:'..cc. state . :'.:n this c...t i tude I am su ...,. '1 ,orted b~· President Ro sevelt . an;; C + '-il:: 0 'iave ;,;e-1;. be •rnrke.i out . P.0preser.:'.:,ing me is General Clark , .10 speaks for · to ...-:.ch detail:: as yo,, .nd h3 a:::r~-- on \~iL. be ai ... roved ir.. detail by O1..1r hoc.· ..,,.ur.rter.:; Lnd O.,'.I'goverrr1ents . •1e al::.. ...ust c.gree to ;ut ".:.oget!ler al: !!!'3 n.J to hip th.., G-er1:1r.nc . returr:.in.; to Glbr"-ltar 'iit:1in the hour. 1 apolozize for the br.i.efnc::.: of'::· ::Y.-ci . ~hank you for your coo ere. tion .:...."1d t for joining us in ~cac:i.:.n.:; .::L.'1ucrt...e . _1+ • " r.pu_.,..c:..ls Clu-k c:..'1d Eisenho ;-:er then ::;:.::kc hands. c.i around and de:;xirt for the &ir• port . The Fnmch:··1en re!llc.in in session to discus::; liaison ~ th the Allies and to 01.:tlitL their .t-'roblemc . (Generals ~isenho· .• r :..nd Cl .,..k and .,C..'Ilirt..ls "rlun e.nd Cun iinuha a!'P ~ hotogrc::.. h'-'d b~r !le\' sr,:.:.per c::id ""Ovie 1 0 • 'Z,a.rn 1 �\ l Lj IJ.t ·aison Pl.1nch air . ort , .1'"' c.._:ia rr:1en and ,.hoto 6 ra. hrr;:: are \7ai t ·ni for 1 Generals -:.:.~ nhor 1r c.nd Clc:.rL. ~1. ce the Co .. u:.ci ...-.:..•-Chief ..u::t. ci • c.rt for G.:.b.• raltc.r l :,ediatel~r if th~y ar to land befor_ dark , ther:i are no intervim sJ General Clc.r 1-c is to e~pL.J.i:.:. t~~ &ccord to the journc.· ist.., :1 .1 h r t.Lr.,~ ~o hL hof 1. crrh on y c ·• _ ~0.1.7 is ,.,h,:,n G ::1cral ~.:.~ ...ho '3r ,. .:.n::: th third ~ 'var on G n ;ral C 'rk r..., sho,.ild r-- ..1ov::_nghim from ...,aj or g encrc,,l t 0 li :tenant ,Z;E.:nerc"l. :=.~- ~_;_ nho r ~ a::; t'"' • i.ns on th:: ::;tart rh.:.:!. Cc.. r:..s cl::.ck : trT 1vc J-een c.itL.g c. l<'ni "-.:. - ',o c.0 t · ~~ , 1..~--:.- I hope I ,.,.i.n on -:.~1ef o'.12:'th :::-:.e.r 1 i;,en ,:t .... :i:::en 1101,er tc.kes off a •• • . ! l §e11:;;~ 1 Cl·.rk returns to hi., hotel . mhP. i81J...,:c...:!. :::til~ in::;lst::; on V'-&.rin_~ t c stc.rs J...11til h ~.,t.rs d.:.:·ect fro:11 the ...cr Depart~wnt of h.:.s ~ro·-:10tion 0 T \.µ Genercl Clark sketches, c..t his pre::;::; co::.1fcrenc , +'.e ;rcssure that v:as brotJ£ht to b ;;.r before th Frcnchr:1°n reached en accord . IP t: •.•1 t-lls the neu::;:::cn of the D.::..rlan-Girc:ud setc_2 . 11T fe.:!.t , 11 e:q.,lained General Cl.::-rk, "lf they r,scre not c.11 to.;e+her there 01, :C. be re ,., .re .ssion::; t1:J." =ouE . t detract fro, the .Jain effort-[;eL in.'.; into Tanisiu. ar..::. co=lng to gri .. ..., ....erever ,.o;::.:il: -,"', ::. the !~ .:.::: n ·fe , , t:. • o. pluins tlu.t Fre::1c!1 troo!)s cre alre1..d. rq isting C.:rm"- nt:t~r in 4 o · orth JJ:'r.::.ci.l, •This tre 1endous -1. is 01:e ~ tep to,;-.s.rC::ocr col.__,_boration ,' '1.:: continue::: . ~· -e· ...re ._;oln~ to att :i • t to shi;: in food for the A:..:;eric.n civiJ ..:. .n~ ,.n ~ -rovid" them ··::.th things that tre Gc-rmn.n end Ita ::..an P.rmi,..,tice com i:::::;io!l...,,-;ere tlking .... ·::~·y fro:::. the':1 c.ild sr.i •. ::.:1b to the::..:- O\.n co 11..'1+-.:. ~• T\1rl n i,.., , in~ on +he r1:.dio to a.;.1no·~1c the c:ccor~ . The f":ncl:J,; P.•• : r~ al ju'· il~nt an,.:i kLscd sach ot!-:.cr on the che:cl:. F ··;a:-- c:;_"2t a Ill"lJ..1;· rE:.Ul1l rd I 0 0 m '1t.t c..bo1.:t the French fl,:,_ t? ~ E.11, ~arlrn L :r;,~~ +:i!.:.g the L I'liJ.~l.l of th"' fl_,.,-: ...t '::o·lon to come -'-o •.fr::.c:1., E.::-t :.,'r ·,l.r:::h::.l , , c:•• :-ent y, ht.., crd r,c.. oths:;_· :...,c. ··_ st'..ll hc..ve ho,cs . ·c. k!'!o-- ,here: it i.., c.::1 ·:1~t it L doin__;. ':'hGer :::m::: a.r'J holding be.ck on entcr.::.ng Toulon b ec:: ,..., of the fr nch fl"c-:. . m:1vy .::..r:: J tl.:.ckering for j__ :::'enI t forr;E:t th.:.t if th:: Fr ":J.c • brin.; th~ fleet .._,. o··+ u.11 th~ French ·n i.i.J. France "il b0 k"'l.d~r terrific o~"" ...,~0:1. T!1e fl$.tt (.;f"'\ ·.a. ::. -/'>e :... th,.., frenc., 1 "11 r .., 1 st c&rd . Vou ask '"h.'1.t the r-l.ction ill be in th€" c<+s.t'-'.., to otT ru:vin~ ~.::..rl:::...i. t:.~ ·.•. i.cJ.,l.. 'l - 0~ u "' + 1.:r.~ " ...... +b~t n,,.,.,7,., "1 ~ '"r ; ""' vc;.;.nd ..., ;:-.'::fi.!.., th Jo ~r_:.,r_ "lo controls the lc.. ... , ..,;E. a .. d a.:..r fores::::. ''...hctl:1 r or no-L ,Jo ~:1::.n:c ., d n· '·' ~u, ',o ,.,.,. 1-:i -; •• +h.., ~,..o,.,~r "re.' "1" • ,.,,, ,,,..1.· ~..:... r:t\,,_;.J -, ..J v ... ,.,. 1..,lF., \..' .,_ •"'\...> . l \. \ u. rr-!- J 11 a" +h= 0,.. sJ -f ... ctio!'!::; tog th_r . ·: i,., -!:,h- onl., ~.:.. +:1 W'J d fcrc_.., .. OJ.~ o'J v' • - h...d to ,1l .., ""long · ith h.i. .• L·.. 1inut-r;, c:.~o I ·.:c...,.., in.:cr •.• tl:.at l.e.r:::h:..l P JtaL ::.."'6 ivi1,; o·-.r ~d c.ccord hi;:: bl':':::.:.:.r.._; Da!"lcr.. and th r ~t of hi..: ru J.J. :..r tLmur..d:i' .,1. ~-La::::xl. . _! J, 1..· ~...,. -' • ..,._ T _,1,. - n .i..,...,.._ • 1- ... ..,, • • ...,_....,l-1""4 1- - J.4...o. "-' r ""' 1 .. (,.,,.-•..4 ~--4!..r1.. ,..J • ...,_ :: ........ • ~• ..1._ 0 ~'T • ...... 1 r -'- 01_1,ld h:..v ."T 1 · _1n :::oon r ._ ~ ..lt 1 i _ ,.d G,_ i:.. ·· ·cl') 'rr:d into th C'0:r~.c...c,.., .. n .:.nto th-3:::o to.r::; . fol~t.:.c:: th 1 b CS.v I co~ 1·...... -'T +h'ir:c' I ...1UCC 'Q· c.. ~ (':_ n 1 + ... c..nl., · • + v c,.,..J.J,.\ .... '-'• to mv"' to no:-1·:; abo"J.t d.:.::,::.ide!lt f<...c io:1..., r'lr:..·~i.d hn.s the com.lctr .. . :::i.:J;.ort of tl'L : ne··ic;...r..::,'nt , hu.vc.. to · orl:. hi .:.n ;::lo :.., ... z:rlan u:::.riI bclicv, thE..t th ,. o_.. le ll !10" b'J ,".!litf'"'.ld for t:::s d .... fe~s.., c: 'J"'n:9t:1 ... ..i..ric~ . mh..,oc •" ..... fo·L.X ~ t h __ bCt,Il "\,..( diffic·,i+ L cau~~ e ru:.ve ha\ -:.o r'..:.~.iJ our trocr,$ to live c.n ap. cc.ru.nc"' o:: -~c ztren;;th . 1 o hs.1?110.d l:1°p lookL,; 'u<--c: o\ Er 01.-:r :::ho-:.tl..::~::- ts ...-:;.o:i: to tl"- ~rent.to ins to i::.h,...:c..::.L a...~d?t.n.:.ci~ . J:To .e :1 ,re o. r co~n.:.zcG. u..--t-:'i•to a~ 1 ";1'.:.t:1 u b"--._;:.~ ..,. .. ..... in ,_..., ll':3 -~ ~-. "'o tlL ..,8-..,t 1; ,.10,..s.l . .ndor:::on i:::: •.• ... ovin,; 1.n troo • ..., o.t Eouzl,, c..n~ ...,o~i.~. ':-1.. .. :hi ::..~ .ba.r.:..:.:r~ "'1... · :.J·. _,e lo~·~ ~:v .... .-~ b &v ~:.:.._...,:,:1r11i:1 .fro 'hen b t v r~/+h.:.n~ . r i ... :;o1.!'..._; f:.:: .[Th_ :=-r::.t.:.~~1 :'.:.g:1·'-E.r•..:.:::.ot -a.d ... ".:.~ s.::-0 <>if.'..cc .. t-- ...r ]:1.::..v·nc fLlC. c:ay .:.n t~1i... cLc..r ~ _tlLr , ,.,L., c.rE: do.:.ng c.. ~o:'.:'•r:'..'1:l job [..11 t½.] ___ .::..':r ::; loss~:: h~,." b :.n "'1 ,;; . ':'\,..,. •".._..ra" ... :v-;,· ~oo.l"'~ xl.l ... i_ ... t!1 .... :.c::. h:-.... be 11 •. .i. .: .... . ,,.. t :~cc ~w:'• -_l. r.-'!l..:.~ ... .... ::,: lo I: cori,:_. II u ._ 0 V ( . ) -- ~'" ET SEcR �115 (~ ' ,- ' . .! .1-. ', . ,..,:_r,.. ... -· 7 '--' ,., ,. 11- , -· r -· , ·- J-' r" -'- I • c..:: + ~ . . ' -- L l ' .. ·' r .,. ,... -, .., • r + -'c;, .f' -• r ... ,.., + , " "- ,., C" ...,.rt"r'I, ' ' ,... <"-• .., .1 > ...... , ., , f> 11. - - ....,,. ~ :~..; r ' , ('" , , '!" . u 1 ·-~ .. ' ....:.."""'"o:... ............ ....... ,... .. 7 :::._r+ . ..... +•, :r ' :r -'- -~.... , ., , r' 1 f> •+ o:.·~·"u u- J.J_. _ ........ r ., Fr .•r,h ._,_ .,10C'u• _::1 J '• ('\ Pr•J .. + ·~ + ,. l ' ,1 l (' ,. u v .,._,_,.__ l ,.,- " ·--· c...l' ,.,, ,.,. r +o ., -· 1 f ~ .L "'2. ' ... u , + ~ ccrr - -c.f . . r C r ·l r . rr+ __ c -'- 'l' <,.r. r. l ~ ... ~ ••u -·- ,.r . -. +' .. t• .:...1. r , :; () __ , u- ... + ('~"' '- r <.< ,. ,. , •, + .,.,. ~""".u so ,....f -· :.1 l· f f • J -•-u t N .. , C f -'- r ,.. 'F 1 ., . , ... ., ,.,,.r 7 . .. ,, I --· + rt n • 1 , .., ,., ,.. .. ,. ,-.f -•.i .tc l 4 J '- .l • . ~- ...""' r .,. rn .. ,.. ~ .,.. .L r ..-·... ,, re r<-.:--·u ~ r cl ~:.. , > T ,...., "" .. · -•- \, ,., ..r _, ,u t ~.-'r ., .L-o ~ ... ....... 1 .1. , - '-' C • ..... r, , 01 .L• .. ·-· ,,c:., "'r: .,_, ) ., .....l r,. ~ ••f ... ..1 c .,_. (' r " r ..,t ~ l ., "'l " ,.,. ::' ... '- r -'-• r ~.:'~: SECBE ,.. • > ,., ,...f r 'f r •'t., ,.. r ... ,. J trC"' r ... .,. u .. .1.. .J. " '\, ~ ~ .. '1' ... ... _ t..... ...... ..., + • .1. .- ' c., ·'r .1.v ,... r ,._,.., ' ~' ' -' , , 1 .,' ., ,, 'I - •,u .. .~- r ,. . " .l .: r -, + n ..... l ,., L• - vi" '· ·' .,., + ,-, •-.c, .. .... _, .._, = ~ :r r-........ '!- , • J r.., L ... - .L' .., :_t~ 'J,. , ..., J ,.. '" ·-' ~ 1 .. o.... ,. r r :: _ r• .::·-' ,.,. , ..... 1 (' I"!"\........... r .. ,- ., .... , ~- ' '- ('\t"'"'i.:_..,_ r ": ..r- __, . .., ,, ...... +' •"'c, • u .,.l ... . .... ,- 1 ,: + �l I(, , \.' [:: ) .:. .. t._ () ...... ..,,,1 1., J.• ,,, _., .J.,.. .., t .c [ 1:. ,,. ... 0., .. +r • h' .,.. ' )lC ... .1. ~ , ... ~ J..1,,1,. ... __ r . .. G l -•-•• L l.u. - :_, C 'j..f 1 .:.o C ................ .1... C' ' . rs ~ ~r . .:.r..;;-' c ...... -~... t:. l : -t..... ir ... r tr-~ ""lr!:. 1 + 4- ..... 0 c.... :'"-l , _._ o ._t ni--:::. J-..11~~4: .:'iv l~ ..J" ... cf 1: ut:. .. ..... .. :·: ,., 1 -- ...... irC:.rc...... : ... _ ... ... i ..... l .:_.._...u _,.:_ ..,r ..1--0 ..1.CV r..io l~ • .;. C[~ ......t .....J ... :~ 1 · is ... -...r::r.~ :_· r ~t .. ·+,..\;.,T. r; L....:r l Cl-r!:: ...... ::"Ou.:..~ '!:., h ~ :. J 01·-=. f J .:.n~ Fc .. , • r ·tr ' ~ .I. ) ~o .- 1.:.... lJ." r ~ l.!. ~ t -:r 1Li.1. o .... ... u 1;_.r._•-·c-...10 ~· .. ,. u 1 ·i - ·.. -1- 1 ,... .b -~ ,}, tif . r· .1.'! ~J, into ~l r~: , _ r~.:..!"li ~~l[...i. II rrt.1-.~.1.i;._ lr""~'= :..n :·.-i:r- .. _~o :Su.olu's c~ ... •...:: [_1( r :_.i.l"'l'.i..., r;.-..L. • • -r:,• ~=,.. J. L .,_ ·i-. ... Cc V · >,.) ..1. ,. L.- • <..!. 1.... ' .:.. ::.is r iLto i.:.: on the .P::/·:.::. L • .:=-:-... t-j,..-J~.L4.I.J.c:.r &., • n ... ii.~ - of fon• ~er :..... fo!' Lt ..ks t':) COc.. .. c :: .. tr ".l 1~. :... li.'1; • ~ye 1.olo .ice._ r 0pc. t Li ...... .. . i '1:,: J; u.1-.;u .i~ t:: ...:, : nr.::.:~ - r- f't _.c·· ~ li. .. U1.. ulsc ~ e -..r tj on th ~t..r in~., t1.1.~ Fr :~ !h .... ·u.➔ j,"' ... , it .i. r~l ':l.:..,rk ..,..clc:.r ..... "T"·::, ~:.oJ.lC. :, iz-:;G t:1~t the fr ~:~~ , :1G..·v.:.I~ _ .~tt ... th .. ; ... 5..~ to '!:;ri ..... .:o:"c r., =.:+Jc r,"'LL1: .... '"" • ? ; _ -~1-·01.:t o,L o.)i+icn , &~ :1.'Y ·...1..1-tle +o ,;ff ct..:.v_ ., o,. .LO~') ~: ... ... ... .. 0~. _·i..~c:: FT re: ... "'ore ...... (,,.A..r£ f ..-l,. ~~-1"' 0 r:!_.., ,. ....... _,_ .._ , -.r. f :...t 0~ t:... .i._ ~.n r-Vn~~, i 1:· '-l.CC0 J.· .,.r ) ,.., +,:. ~.. 1~,"' r.:r 1~.t cf :: ~ r L:ov ~ &.r ,c-r c" .1. or • u.'., 1 c n J. ... .J...• r co.,..,, nr:~ t: ... t:1E\, Lf tr' .,;.1t f.roi: Pr~nc:l. :orocco if r' n .. ...... i r ...... u .... l .~ov ,.-, .., 1 l • .. .,,- .. lrrk' 1ll: r ( T"\ .L' .l. ~ • .L ...., .,_r_l ., , C' ~..l. , ... : .. .J.. ~ ,.. -, :._ _, t.",..L. 11 ~r1 ~.r· 1 -· ,J."b:-_, ...... ... _ ~_:_1r..,c_.1J,tl;,""'i!.i::t _r of : ..i ... .., c:t. :.:..c~~ ... £... '! ~n ~ fr~~ •• ~ d T'8r· : •. , ~-~~ j·. t ,..,u tl; ,...( ..:..c•• ..:c.. '--_, "'r of :.h £1 ~~~~~en ... ~~~s :.:_~ c. ........ t _riot:)..; .""._.::..c..~c fro~~. r.. : : ... .:_c.1 I'&.r.lc.n tr i~,:~ E1s:. ...... 1 i:::: " .. ..... :;.:1_, f , r,u - .:..1 rc+,io" . .i.t.1 th. :·:..~'--,.ch fl .... 11,...~n l.L C .c,r1 r ~c4··-.. , . ,. 1--l+ +or~!! u•· l~Gnl10~..,:.. t rt :1c .. "~rr ... t::..:~,inL, tn c..+: ..... .J.o i_.f ~-_ ..c:. .....,_r,._i,1 ~t 0 not.-~{°'>r i st" ~or t:e .:'l:- -t., r'-:!.,J...n r""J..or ➔- h- i.:- .......... 'l.".._ o tr~,ti ... -~c s ... 1~ t .:iral Col_ ::_n~'" rt T\_,<,}:r.r +,c COl"'\It:. ..... ;t+..,c ...... JT -0: C....-.>.,'"..A:!°''J f' .....l-'....,J.'"('\ of vn.:..t ~t : ..1e :u .... r" l::~--. f't i... lc..n ::,£ _.::+~_t: ... ~~..._ ""t .... 4ir~l '">oLr:.:'t.. J.,<,...:.. ti .... u ... t~:: th...., .._.a.. &+..:_it..;_~ :..t 1.f,., ~-~O ... " .... cs th + :r~ ...... .l:-:-c .. c: c:.nt L..u ...~•. .-~rt..ltli.i "":: G.~ ! 1 0I·t d 1 .. •.LCC l:,,.,. tr n~frrr-..d /.:... tr "}~(.c:.t,J.. ...... ~c e .. + _rl to 1.G.:;.. ..t::..!..:.i . ..•us '"r~ ....i -U.,...,., .... re:::..."' o u.... o,.,. (!_, J' ,.. l,_rt ... 1 __ _. l ('ti:r· a ts t '!" 'Ti 1..::~E..r~,.... ;:t cnL. :;r::'cl ~ - th£..t "r),-.n,r :1., 'i l t !10t r ..co.:;r.:...i(,... i.: Jis0 -,;,i 0 ~cl for_._, ·c: t::.1c b(.~u~ ·hil ... ""... r~l S :..1' C ..... .. ...... 1 .l1&t ~ -[;C-:i 4-i,,.n::n -tcr i c::,. ~; t Le cc:.. 0:. '!.:> +, .... ~..-.£;~ '-'1-l.1; !... th9 ...l~ ..:_) / ov ~.:!1 .. f!~ .J A ~.._.: .. 7 1 .... 1__, 1 :· 1 1 TT(,, .: 1 -"'l 1 Ll..it:i- · t:.c dL.d, ~.r:n~rLl Cl£.:...-.:"" L.f\;r:: , i•'-.1.1 ... ~ ol:_t::.cal t..n 4 c..:.J"~: ..... ..t .... .. c -:.::.. _._ . T~c !0 rr!'~C ...... l1 VCJ ::,;: :l o ...... oa....::.--G L~.) ..,t ..... f ch .... ~·:.1 r: ~!.":0rc... o: 7 f'"' ..... t ~cl,,.tr J.l, ":ol L.r u1~r 1 ... t~ v!J. :o°'v.J.ll T\~l::... -:.::.th..:rc..-::.,:11~ ot~:.ct·ou11 G.!lt.. tl1 ➔ or . ... ch..1..1....,...} iL -~'"' ...t~nc: . "'th ... !.r obl~ .[. :: . ~ri .... .1..0 :J. i...--... s ... !ot r"'~~!.-~ tlic ,...,j,. c ::c .......r~.1. fer lee<-- l.:..0c:i."'&.~si~t:. ... :.. · ic.:, ,.or!:: , .:crE...l..i.'J~ .._~; .... .,~h.._ 2~.-....,r of 0 r.L ........ r (A.l ..t!--J.c...i ~ ... ..,1 1 1 orocco ·· o ..u ~...;8J.. :!_1:~- - ""c.a,:l J;, -~:.L~ 1rc::ct1 ~:o-: ...- i!.._, Jvl - ur -:.cs. .....--~f\,;r ·' ... t., -i.t...r, 'i~c .. -.;I,. ::: c,...r::Lrol c: .. .... i,4-ror .....i ... :~ re c. Tr-,rt .ii'ric~ • "I"'-, .rino :,i1 t!1 .. g n ........ ~lLo c 'i ....i. ~r.... 1 ~-~! I~ u: • Go2 • l)t. .. 1 f ... · .1..1.:r o.: t,li .. J.\ .... ~:.L~t J. .1- .... ~\ 'f" '·· ~-FGRf: _;, J ' ·.L · l' r 1 " , t 1, .!'<' et Or· r . ' ... .. ·r nd, l · .,<' .,...i. . u �I l '7 ,,"I •I•''," ◄ }' J...C::....L.L.:.;.... l·+uC ... .. . . ' . , ,,.. . -·- ...... eria. r . :..1: for r s. J L, th 1~ ::: 1.J.:. ' r c.,.:,i n, fo:r "''.1 =~ •. c 'o tL .1 •• • ::.. ~ i., . 1 au J.' ..~litc.rv· ·,n. 0 ,.' opl 0::: .1ho· r , c.n at t:.~ a.;r· .Lrt r 1 1 " . ._.:o:..~-!..0 ~t..: .•• :"\lrtl.L -, i,_ -rr-.. :.1.i.,::> , +··• • Cr • r ,L/i;::fji, f itc::Hvil' r ct::..or.i..... .... t.. n ·::.1 u. . ::..c-::;_ , 11-.... c 1 • ,,r 0 ,., ' .,__ r..:..,.· cl ~r ........ ... ,r-r-'-.. , i~ .,. ~~ rQ-- [Cu of • c.."t or~t.:. r . 11 "' r. 1 1, ..., S..~oron ... r ... o o ~l..,-- ...... r ...o .... .J..t :'."r .cl. '-•! .:.,n -:,: r::tt.J•--t..nd t;.G.' i .... -'-o or· v frr u th .... oil i .., cf co ~1trj: .. d h r l i '.. - ·.,. al o t~1( t ·r..oi" io!1' o!. lr~ ...c , '_r.._ ll :::w-~f...,r r ::tor • cl.cl _ .. -.. rd .• c , or th" Fr c. C --.•• ir , . It fc·r -~~-r, th,. Fr TIC 10. v +o tr_,1,...1.l__ ..., -.0 ... t:: .. ..!.~rL~~::!~., ..... of .1. J. "'..1l t~-• .cf 1.,•• . or ' c..·vvut t~ ~c ! u.~T l ~1 0 tl to LC..._.": :t .:.:. be 2 CuU.., .lr~~ to to f sl -th 4- lr.. thi,,... r;r CJvtu.c:: € : ... :...v t O _.r ::...:.c 0....1.C t.[;t...n th r,;L ... ,ir-c; o: iri:w..c- an0. I ~c:n t:-:L _,~r/ Fr nch .. Ln , ort.h., of h.'..~ . 1 co-.1tr:· 1•il b- b .1i11d t:.-::•1 a.. bf"hind. in c--:....:· u.:vEnc &'-'L::.n.... J,11 co en __ t, 11Viv:> Ix FrcnC • Vi ifs ~tc..+~ ·rr.i~ , "::..e i,& T.i.t-rtv , 11 .. l.,. J 1 .. J. >.J ' 71 ' 1 1 1 On.J drt.. ~+... i ... ic 1cider1t occt:xl,.) ..:.nc:o nto ...n ... 1b_:_es to r...--r1• .:tu ---~an~ t'-"- n .. ~ )r..:.,0.1 r..., '1sn O .r 'i..roo.,s l:.ni_( Lr Gv.ir.u ...OVt;,d to tLF" hu.rlur -~o :.,_ 11-CE..C:. c.OO&.rd :1i.i. .:. :o..., o:' t . 7' 11L<.r~ :tc.. i~:!l o.ru.:- of:ic ...... . ...... th .... t:--ucl:~ ~ 10v....t ... s s rr")~ ... t:1 1 cro, ~c? s .... 4:..., t ~ I· , __ c~ ·r :...r:.8~~:!:" b or._,d ~~l h.:. ~ ,d. ..... ·hl'.:";1 trr.clclo~-- cf c:.. --::e~ ....... .:c ri sol1'1.i... .1..:...~ ~ :.i &. -10.h ....-~ le.tel' t!1 .... ar c:1 --r J c;;..Il] clc.:.. cl. r: .. u .1..1. : .1 1 .... 1 'f 1 -'~ l I ::; tr :::i,o .. ~ t. ~G ()"U •;:, l' ' l ~b,· ,, ·-• ' -- ... 1' L.:. n :i.,. tc. ,d t tc: ... ubo, ..t 1 '" ".C\4. ... _ ..... \.I J. C"! nc-·'"·.... cf · o: ,." r, l;:-~ \ r~ L.1. .. ... r.:. ,. .1 ··t.l'r '1 ,4c:; t ,:1:~ '"':!,~ J. 11 •, n '.:!""..... " ,... _l:'"'IJ . .:_c J11~4ic r r t.::. ,. ~.t ,_ i '· -it.rd -n, .j. ,L nr ~ ,.., ,,. ........r __, t "'r " 11 1 ' 1S Cl ::.•;;_ ~..:, + ... II('\ rt ('I ) "1:._r 7 --! rv..~i..; Le--'· iV t .... ..t;,:,r) "... ..., _ J. :""!!' tr •1-r or muni~~~ t~ ,.(!..,, ~ -~~t ,, iu 0r IT'L. + " + r, o: t' c·~. + i.. 1(..;,. .. i it () .r - '. ~t J. , ,. J' .&..l..! t~vr t::- r--! + n S.,.. r r ""'' ' , ·t t., .H:;. j •-,•'· -1- " 11 .1.! II ... 1 C J. T _...,')~ V • C ··~ t ., 1" ' ,J 1 ri~ ... """" l · ... ..:.n~ ~- i-~ C'r. 'l. r_cr .• ,._ c~rr ..., .... nrl ('r,~ ol' 0 11'? r .._, + :.1.~ --. !' .. ... t . •· f'fl ' J. i i + ' ... , "\/ n 4 J.' .. J. .:.+ r,..,.11 r .. ~ "':a + .., .r ,.. C ,., . ,. ,..., '"'" -.·tc... ~r ...C f l, rc~0 f:· " .1. I ~ ie.))"'. ~1 ~ nf -'-. l ·- ._. r f •J., 1 c.. + .l. i .,_ or-·Lt.. t cr-..... ... .1. f .11 &.# ~ I., ' ! ! I' ,., r r ~ ~,~ .-t '·h n .l ' l l .J..,, ) -Cu. ... 1 f' C. ,_.., , ,., t i' -: ..... t + r r.-,,r ·' r. c Tc-.i..!_ f:· J. . ,. ' r A •·-'c,. t o-c0l ~ .1i in .,_ _ .r ,.., ..... rk o ~ Crl,,n r C re ,., . (r' c~rrl,.., C t(""'I Er + "V L 1..2." .a.l.,_.J J~r .1~ 1 ·' !' _._...,., ... 1 CLrk. ·::.of ' ol '-f· c l .?:" _ 1J . J. ~ n l �11 8 r,,. r C). +r'"' " + t• V ::·r r : .,.• 0 - ..!.. .f.' -..1,,. 'I-, • 10::::'L. 11 l ;c r· .1 c-.1 :. t, c...10 •• .; o:;.', u.l .... o <-<-• - .... + .L.• ~ 1.- ~r ,- 0 ..,.1. f'. + ~ n 1 · n, J..' 1· C • v:.. ,... l ,. .. ' - r ~ + .l .J ' ·+ 1 .' r , n-nn_, f f:.".'o 1.,. , 0 - 1 .1r .1 : ,- . , - .• ..... .t' • ·u ... ... .\...... - '1 I ... .. : -....,.. . _ ,.,, r· .d.f r ~ i...1...,. r': l r 1 ~ r'" l ~• r ••c ,.· .,.,, -• .. ' . r ·1 r- • . •·-:,_,., ·.i.. ~r u .. --· " ~ n~ to c..~ .1,-.J ..... t~ t· be.. ........... r .J. ·+ \.:.-1. u ~ ., rh l' V"' - +.- .,,. "·--. +· :f .~ [.I' ., ,.., ;J 7- ~ -:,.,,. ,., h~., ~ . ..+r d :::- r .J J- l" . + .... :::- .. .• + .) r J.,.. ,... .1 of - t ~· ..., ( ' ++ ... • -· t, II +,. {' -· .1. - (" cf ,, t, ' ..,,.'-.J.!'C . --· ·+ ~::::. n J. 1... r'• lr .,. . 'J. -- . -- , I • '; , , . ➔ 1.4 l .. ~ , 1.., .... J• .. .,.., t' .r. ') . ( J., r__ J. (' .. -~· ' . ~ ' ; ,1 r.ff. ,, ' . 1 <..) .. J. 7 .J. ... r - J. .. r , ' . ' .L\, r· .. + "·• J.' + • J. L -1- ·~ :-,(., J. ·"<.: A .I. r, ..._ ·~- ... :..r -.. r "1 ,., ... ..,ar ... __r ... - ' -l .. , Tor+ ~· c~ <rJlCu f ~ .... ..., } f .'..l n ~ "a ...... "" ~ > f , ,. IT . + ,. :.,r~ , .1 . , ,. !1 ··-- t 'T" .j. + .l ~ tc .... ~ -..,0"".,.~.1 .j. l .. .. .'~ f--r cc. ,....cc,I n:... .; .! .r-1- ~ " r ~ -:;1 ... . '-•• - 1' --· -f ' "'"C"" + l (' .,.,,. .... . .. -u- C ... rn,l ("'I~ ~-"'-> u Tr'"~T + (' .,._ ,., :..r - :' , " . n, .. r~ _, .t'r ..... tt . - ...... . ::: :n 1' " .,._ ' .... r A . . + r s"'c.e .- •·-o r n d \ ••v .1 +. - r,, _, .1 ·::_r.p ~ u r .,.. • ..., c""" ....1. ., (' ~,.. , "- .. •-..t...• .J. - ...... · 1 ____ ,.,. hc......-::-t;"""' ,... ... _.... .,_ _,_ • ... 1 .......... ..... ,... II h ~ ,....l. J. .,.._ , 1 ... l, ....... •..:, J •' prr,, - -- ~> ... -- r .,. •• fc_ r ~ 't -! f' \,- , , 1 J C ,.,,.. , ~ ,... r r .I. .. ~ p, .1 C f -, ' ."~ ...!.,.C .. ..) r �~, ( :.,~.:.1 .: n ,.....,;r r .. 0r · er · :n r ~.... t .: ,.... .,.., nf + ~r..,.. r ...~ . ., .... lc..,J..,; 1 rt I II .., - f-i + ,..,,. t' _: ... er .... .a.l :r,- ·- - 0 •r fer 'h ++it..:.Je 0tlu.+ir\ .... ..,) m ..+ • r .. ' ......::c:... :- [ Ir + 's .L .,. er ,l " -+ L. ~ ... .l --. 4 ... uv - l ' d of "' .i "' f .. h' ' • :.::f· c l·' r 1c -~:::-c". ••nrt ~ ~ r. , ~ cf f n ...... :\, , n ... :::; , c.. o t 1 0 ·-...., m. 0 !A ..t ~ o:::Frf'nc , t..:d,.i. "f ·' .; .6.,1,,1, ..,.,,, -...,J. . ,..,...,.., ,-..., +o fir -. t , r c· n " .. ~--- t, tloo .... :I ~t Oral1 c..n., lc...,-L t,,.. i-Lk ::.r..L c. ~ , C 1 -~1~is c0nci rin~ r inf,..rc.:. i 'l.i.1 fr,,.... m .. ur l =, "J.C.rt ll t 11:: fi rht t.. ~ ....1 •. ..:~ , .i.u j. .... -· , v ~rr l .• 1: • ""J. .. :r, lC!l 0r +r C.. f - .L,,.-., • \r V(..L. ,. -r-, ...,. ...· bralt&r ..,tl::f ~ 0 _,1,. ... '.:.c - C' • r ,J.• . .:!! ' .: .' ... 1 .::raq,lv iJ r u.-1,..."" -r t r:: ,n h .. j t , o r • "rt LE. o ~h 17 ............., > ., lI' i. _ tuck t,o nf' .J.h.., -:-r... c, "',-r , •.., h ,... J. .I. __ i :,_. h .l.t. •• ..... r t l"'(..• .....'J(' .1r · t ( tc fi--: ... o.....r :r .J. ___..., ""' cf .J C .•c • t ro f'c> 8.,.. .. , t::.·o r- ...,(.. t' Pr · ~' ~, 81 :, • 4 (' ~~ ," ... r , + i.~ r fi, .,.' c..~ - r .I~ •::;_-I I I °1 ".:c.o.. .:.n +' }, tn P-:-' t r r , l ,1 '\,tr., t InciC:: ::1i.,::..l., , t .:.. 1 -:,!'(_1~' .. 1 • Pr· ...... .. t r ...1 ... .~ ~. n i-...rc ..;cr-L... 1 .. . . r.i.2 C ' cr~c~ fol~~ .,, s~cc -••:..., d ,, r b' d th t t..t ..L n cou (. '-· tJ i ...... :. f ,.'!, • () +1[ _1,1 ~-> \ For ic.:.. "'~en t r ,,r (.. ... 'orth fricr:. for c Ou Ct "f° .i. r • ,rt _i I... ~- , T"'lp V +. .-.1.l. . ..... ..,; ........ ) 1 ... n .... " .!. _._ ..... J ,., rinus I,,, o, r: . it d ':) (.,, : .. ,t ::t :.~ - 0 .... n .l- ~-· ... ,.. - ••r~ 'l r a ~ ' t V i.d:.. v ..i .:..tar.,' r i ., l,..,.l ....f,/' • .t .. 1 .c ·Ii .......\...ll ; C ,J.C_nt < , · t ,., ~ .... r: .L' r_ in..., .... u. 0 3 U. :.b ~ i° er.: s e.... ,1 J.'l~ , ~&I' '.i t nr"' ()l,.4t, ,:; n'.:' ·:..rtin.:., iC''J rt c nc r u in ,"'l ....r .... '""'C""" L _1...... n . Tf' Bob~-...·t a_,. ".:irS t.i. Of vrr i., C C' n. r ~ ~o· i· • :1 r~. l ': 1 r k :! ::::., n in:~... c.. ·!:,.ll...t Vic·... 1 .., ~-nt ,.. r . tc ·~-~t!'Uct 0 m ,!'!.:..:: •.:..re... ,V tc C( C • ,,- r S· .1. r Tt t t ...1 c... ·.r n- va ( ..... is.... o.f ... ,... ' " t '\', ( t .. l ~1' r ~ :n • i. J. P.. b:...C .,r "'c. J , •• �l~ O r f ,:, .I. 8 ;) "S1 e. l, • J ... ltL ur .... .:.~., i 'bu.... ... cnt t t .L1 ' r ..... r\..::li.n .. . CC' c"''i._., c..nr'r. '-' ' ';, ~f) . ,r ::: (I" ..J ~ !;. ·nt rr. in ~n 1:- !' ,,.. . c.. in " • t o ·.) .:.r, F.,. .,~ va .;.· ".fr; .l. CC r r'< :Tr.r+J cl. C ar i v-inG h ,r u..1' ,i,in; E:. ••"r ett..i eC: r • "r-;,.., fro ,~ rr ::..., r>r, ·r tnd , 1 ·' · c-1-,-r ...0 1 h n LUC' • "''11., ~1t ~r.z :l r t 1:!0.~ ._.c • r t:1_n it · :.. i.1 ha ·ccr.., ,&ri.:a 1 ·'lac:: ' ·::1 r. Fr ,ict. l • ct'l' ~r.Ln !1 w ;J •- c~,,\,t~ C: ...t Orc..i.- m~ ... • l., \.;C4.n1.... tr~:c t..1.. r L &. , b~ • lari-s ... t ... re,_.. ~d d. .t't. c ........ .., t.,1° f re <, ·t t~ t· r :.c rn, n h 1 off bo iLin c.•• ~ · .. ·... c:: nti-~.:.rcruft ..... . c. · t~ · .: J. .,_ o'· c: i 8 .i.cC..'l , "'h ... ..t o.f·' :;r i tr r::.~ t:."' er • O.l t :: 1 ck •. co .... ~... r to t ... t:.1E ...,-u,l., _J.4~ ~ko rz.n ~.... ..,n .. ..rr :, • l rr:.,.v t_:_f .... 1 .1... u t, .:orc::.n.;; T : .1c 1 fr.: n . ,..,f th m o.bl~nca .er , a.• QI' i.r~ lJl,. OS i '.., uiet LL - t o.l of Fr;. ~ cnce . .i. ... l :: nrt :_ rL to Gene al C~1:.r: :.n th ,...__,....J vin._; f -f., '£"'Ir .:.ti~ 1 .:'::.:' ....L &r&.\l' .... .. r::-vcto t ... ..:. vc o~ ' 2:'E.,et t . 'Po , .., . .., uh driv i: ' ,., th t. [:~ -~ t ..:.1 r1e...... c!""_: ;"4J. r2'"~ l' ....b~ ·\.,:~:L" stffic · ... -~roc.a.:i 1.i.l be as~ ist~d b:r t ~ J .:.n :-- 1.. · 1· '-"- _ • r. ... ne __C r c OL~l_ _),) ,.., ~ 7t:. fr t cu::.~ of ::-'om· i.:-.rc.'. .. t 0 ,..,'ro.1 in c... conf r D-!v tc l, :r lit ..::•• r.e.. C r ~ £..s s r. n ic. '"'.i.:::enho' _r to U ~---. ..:L.r-" Q I P • 7t 1 to ,.., · da ~ ir(r" ut::,i, o , .. e-r;:;. Jn 1. , bo .. bi:, '.l. "l Lr< t'ffic'"'r Grurnth r Lr &:' "rr. .l r .. -:.' C" .:;i 'I .. .1. r' .. 0 Q 1 4 1 Cl...,•~ J. _, ss 0 s , .i.ll 1· c:.r ;..n0 e t eir Fc.rtr V 0 "'i V n:..val fore 1 irEl ..:..> "' "'·t· .~o'"'er•+ •ro. ki.1 , _ on ,,. u C r";: • .,, y 1n..:, ~ " rE.c'.s t~ car.·,; b -~ch J..:.~ il c:::Fr ::i.:. •,nt.i.L::. ~ ~_~I!• ..,_1, J --~ ,.., ~ ..,~ ;s~~ _ .:cj ~ ~'.~ "~';_~~~ ...v_...,""r __ "°To.!ci_1sis s&fe to :,,., .. ::..n' it .:.s v..:.~ a ;.,r Ev_ r.:..h J~·_1 L. I' ' i'··· , J 1 an rf t "P·_c fie 0 · ::.n' ..,Jro. C , r ,l £...L: JT' wr ir,dli-!"' f' - . ., 0.' ·.0."s () .. rt; ', t,il ·.•• 'L.t i m j "1' n nv 1. tn L r"' .:. - ... lc:..n ..,i ••c t... r ,1,,1 C .... T"\r, : i + f ~ n.:.~ h' ar·iv .,c • .:. .., j '. t ' fc., .. .. _, lu r :...i,..., .. to ... -~ t .:.-:: · ..:.L 1 v.i.n :-u... ......· t\ ..... , u,-1- -.cl: :'!' nc C0 i ...~io.1 t,. i. :.L· ',.. C. tc ...-' I, '"' T' . rr.,nc r: Cl!" o:: . -1l"C ""'-'-'t::.. '·'I, ov ,L. ·'n l> ;-ro L nc ... .... ,., n ,1 ..,' , r· - , " t :!.or.. If b.::,J ::-'r,,ncn 1::.i-';, rJ tl:. :.i -.' • o• .r:: 1..... r r,..r ........, r .1 "".: .i.r • tl1, ·ot ~ "'ff i.c ,ru r v lo k.:.n~. fer a ·.e t nr .• t G~.1 rel CC' ' r 0 ,·.n' l.:. h: ,:1 :.r. .l. c.:. :1c '"_., C l.. o~-j .:.r.- ,.. .if ,.., J. • ........... . -r-v ., I, .L f t r-l. 0 J ...... J. l it J ,., i·'- 7 C....J.. . " h ,., . •l LL.':.~ t.o .,ucc ~. cf C 10:. .. ~ . ~ o, .n .. · ens t ;r l -L .r C ' r •1 ., _l., ..... r . r 'r) ., ~,,.,... " -- -rlt.:. ... u. ·c _,..,. G. ~.L 1 f' ru ,l '0 n~ l r r .L r .... r- ., t 1 ' .i. - ri:., .l, + iv ..., of 0 !1 : r 1 ') �l~ t b..,; ( ) .:.n+· .., Tn +· c_,.r r ~-~ , .. ,., 1~ '. ... , ~-'-I,; ' J ch 1 L ' i-·ac.:.. t, ...1. 1 L ,ri i " (.Jl .l. r.:.c.:...n u. r« , t ,l .- J.o ,_ [1. (' col:;1• r :. s C r ' ..~ . I.; ' .... ..: 1 .... -- ' ~ro '~ r .1"' A, J. J •, _l _, r t. ,l 1 , Si:..... -1. ... r c ........., r. J 0:'.1.iCic n .1 . Li V , + • ; u.-,'.!'.l: 1t rt~ :>_ .. .I. . .,_ .~ t t. ,- •,.te fr ,... u. n V ',) un_;--0.1 r J . r. .wr C •/ t ~ .:..s tc r n ... L 0V V 0 •• r, _ ...J. bor · , -rit.:...,h J ( ,, , C ➔ .... .... a n" J. 1i:.. / i n n.-t rE-c .:. V"- c..., 0 + 1..~. ., b c .L J + .. ·'v 1 r ,.. ,,1 b r, , Cc.bl. . ..l..vJ ) ...,.!..1,. 0v >J J. f;y,o - ~,1 r . ., r.;": r, r t .C...v+ -' -·-' '!.· on to -. PJ. r-rt V _,1·:_. ~· f· , r C .._,..,.., ..., - ..,, ... . J .:.r .. · ... i ~ r dch . ... - T 1"'- -~r'J.-........., t 11-~_, .... c n "' ,,: r." ... ' I'"\. r ... or·~h,, r · .. 1 U:' .l n .l I., ...,,r..a.. .:o J. f"r '., . ,., i· '1 of ,,, \ -- r, C n ,,,r lr en CO__.. ~-~ (' lC n .r~ n· L. .i". ·,1 c.;:' J • .l ') •• ..1..l1o.1 ......;.i. ... ... v.:.c.:....it., f t.-1, .1.U .... l fore"'., :....__ bo 1, .:.1t C ., ..,c._ v . •• 1 ., r. r __________________ r 0 ,, l (' __:'.s.=.~ ·.. t i .. _.., i ... I' �-----~~----------------- -,.··---··----- .;l ll1... ~ c._n:.-C: · . .-: ., ~~RET - \~2 -----~-·-~ Six I"l.;-·i!l_:;Fortres~es r~id;d ---iiz~rt..., ~re::terdc..~/ , i ... 1clu int; r1""ln8ra: Clc .. ..1 w r t,.10 .... ..... :.. ncs . ':1oda!r he:: Eee:: "bo ...lt .1. '~tternn re ""orts a.:.1: .l- .e ·"!"T fl~er .... ,. er..., r.:.;ht . S. 0 ... th\., tc.r~ ,t . \.1 1 ~i} .. l:. .. s r .\t..i n ... xned b,""'t one 1:c...sq11 t ... :;C4o .. J~.Lct tl _i 'Ihe ....,ortc l~ /. __;ot on., Fock'-' ·~ol:'c f::..ir.ter 0 ,I. · iL1 _ C:1irc.l '"'· rL n ar.~ :::'Frla.!l r 1.ort., -'-he.'.:." 11 1 ::. i:::1 ""&.k.r h4::, 11 :i ,ri"'!l :.:..tt-it G. a .one :'r·-:ic I o: .:.ci_ .... G. c·1::. __,€. fcl .• u· ~--•u t~L e:c 1 .nvl o;: ·- ...i~au i1ich r:e .... tlt ~ i~ ~:,- d. c 1 ..... .. t~mt ·'h c-~;-::._ ri 1~ ;l~L.: - it~ tr1. :: rict..l:O '12.' t'. tc.cit a .,.JO"v&. of ·:c.r::,·,£.1 Petc:.i!l. 11 Fr"'!'lCh o:::iciLl: &r co ..inw to 1.lu::. •re from ""1:..kt.r to CO!lfc1r ·,:;_-;:~1 '.rls.1 . rr:3 .•dmirt.l t1-e~- liE!l"'rL-1 Cl-rk l. is no.,_Jt.:.~l ·i.,ic and I c..r:1 :!0nv=:.:ic ....d :·r .dC,1 ~· ,.#st !.i"rico. il" b ~ it_ t--1" r.i.. 1 • ...,til noth.:.n'--' rJ.0.fini+ ccnc r .• inb hat is goi.n,:; to bu.I Ln to th Fr2!1c:. il.c::. . The :-'r .... nc~. c.r~ he...1..;-inzt ~acioD~ 1..,.,. ~o thB l!.......,t CL.rd th•1~- ... :..<..,l,,ve .i, to i.:. :;·1---c,.1.1,.J11 .. n in the ~t,ro . o , it ·... u.rc"' ;:.re to [Ct f;.JlD st,; from thE r "'r.1~,n..., n . r ;.,_,.,;r:.l CL.,~k co:::iLir::, 5.~-in J..~t, [Pric;t..3.i r r, on.::r,..l C'rJ. ~'l0~h"!' flies in ::ro:.1 r ibr _lt&r for a ;_'Uic~( cc, 'rvnCv . :'-ctturv .1::. ••- LT-bin;:, .1..... ... It L .,. ..::..bls tr..:...t C':!18~:. r\ .,o;:;, r'li.r'~ ·.:.11 00 bc..c'· ·'o Qr ..~1 soon .Lo st~rt erg ,...izi:ig ti:1e ~ifth ,r.c. ~... !:,.. it c~a. £,ta:,---t;,,., :..1~. Of "l1t..ti0n-c.o 1 "_o _ibl 111 £..n L..tJ·c..c c.,,_,Cki!1ct 23.rd.:_ii .....r-r ~ ic:.· '"'r to O.1. ~n ttJ."' ,·c.,..,.,. ::'rr '""'n -~G, Mi..,~+en · .. .. It&..v• :::tis c.l::-0 .o, itl;:- t:1r.t thE. 2-ieut !1 fft. .'.; l. r.:..l ·il" r_t-:.rrn to Lo!l ~n .Lo ....,tc.....,,..t ... in .. fer~ -'-.~r . ..) ...,.!.!"in; offe_1µive --~~i:1st -· E- c"'1J.·i~1... . r 1:r-Y'O:.l ;:,,_,~ b--- i.:~.re;:, i1+ ri t'1e nritisl:: ...,J:,c-,'' c-::r;.~J en t'l-: driv-:i :o ~-:1ca t b;r t':L~ ~::.v ..,, it., ::-...,·-;in; ~ .J.. ,} ~rori ...C f. ...,~:9iC""11 .Lo dr~i:.rc ra1-til -~c :.fri r. ,....+ t~~e ~riti.:.. l .... t~cn~th b-~:ildc -i1.I. • ... er 1~ T... rriti:s C J.. ... "Jl1 C n"ji~1u,r.-, o-.:t of l:fr'!..c_ ~;i(., 4 i l"'t v...1. :)t~ T"l-,.,i-'·is .~.:--·ii of ..... ensiirt.. :-f lien r(,,..l ~-:...::~a:.-:.,..,:..:: __,"cr..e,i!1_; '-:_., C\::l.c..ctc.tions. r . 011 t '1 re .. T c nr i ·'· L _re bc..s:~ to "" r:'1'.. :i· -&. --':,-. Gr· ~n-;;' ·r ~'1P ·:or.~ 1 ,:,. &,..) !:>o:-:-:1 i- is 1.-J ~ r:h_ thr~+ r e~::r ..... rr.:... 1co f.: r µ;,,o~1C8 to Pr:.i..::i .,{...1,tDQIJC---V ~ ...t f C r--:.e~ U.._:., C 11C "'11:-' ... __ Ofl:l:i__.~ 0f t1 ·ort . .t:riCc.11 frr:..1t '..l..;;, 11 ccl ___ :.t. 11 ~--~"n he._ b~::::i. ~tr.:.c+ vr Il'"'"tt·,s..:. I~ i.... r,r,-;: no·~:- .......:.rth('.') rer~1c..:i~ t ... ~o !.1.+,:;_ s......... t_;'C)t <-- crr-c ... t: t \,r i .. to l ~.l1 .l,µ !'r ';. :, 1c 1Jl-.c.. , I'..,,,<;...nco 1 ir .. ",""il vit .... u~ ir .... 1 ...t n::.. .. ...... .... 1, se- tc..::...,.=-~o--.! 1.€ S.I, t anis.a.: I1°r ir;n 1;c·· 1, OJ.. nll:9G. uCcr0t-., cf !"rliler.: fro::t c... :.r1ic l "crocco t0 of.f ~r th ir u':rvic ;::; ;~n t 11 fi. ·;ht c...;c..~n"-'t th.., -·-'.i:. r1 ...n~t~ 1 _ T 0 f ....:c Y-~.. - of'";-: '?C" r~ ' ~-- ... : .1... : c' ' ~l i...iU T ~ ~:1.C -:,h ~n.. 0:.... :-i... c:ccl.£.r-, .... c,:~ ::.c -··-~ - ~,...7 _t th ... rt__..t .o ... 1 ~u.1-_'l0- to ~bo· r µ1 :·.t c,:--:b~..... ~ l ":t~... , -+ b&.. , ("\~ i ...... "Shr n - (' 3 L.~1., ,'£' t ·• , 4 ., ._\,.) V , ... 1 .!"" V--<'(;,)) r:.,~( , - ..:..ti .. -~ r, ... r' l ~.., ..,...:;: ..1._... 1.: ...,.J.,..... +o th ~. ~ .r.. nt: :t 1 e,,..f;\. 1\-< a ..... ::.th 'c.rhu ::.,_ :.c;.v-::.._1..:.·: " _r~s r-, re· -...,i0n.., L. r...., - • l t· 6 +· .. t · ::.· i. ..;t".1 ".:.o,... : er ti....I'i-:: ,. 1 , : .. o:: c.••. ~-·::.. ••.• t c....,J ::/, ::1, n th •w ' .L ,.. t + . .., c0nc -r Joi!~~ .J.,,,. ... 0r\ ... _!'r:.C! a :...<..;::;a _1+, , ...... 0, ,.., , -'-0lC -~ r... r <-J,.. ::-~:. T' r.,.::n "~s ~ .., .....~ J. -A....rt r:t t.4t.J--. ~.-ct t ~ + H"" 0rt __fr :..c~ ~ .__ ""n r ~'!~ it r. , J.~- .. :,I,,..~---.,, .... +c.:. J" .oi_ .. +e'\ r ...'\-1- , + t t .c co .. ~o., , n ::.~+ -·-~-1...) ~,.,) c ......~1 fJ .'~ .. 1-'i ::. " !' ., . + + r o<' . .l.-;+ r ..._ ,.1 i C'"'- ft r..., Py,,("'-:' ........... ' .·r. C' :-.c:.-.i..,-; ·it n""r le.. 1 • -1:' -J......., hLs ,°'"3:!": CUT,,.:'/irl_.,) ~.)--., f----1'"\-,,. •..t-_,L n,....,.-, r,j+ .. :1 ::"c_et·,""\.L ii-- .... l;iit "Or ...0., • ,..L. r('l...... 0f ~() • ~f"'lr_.., -too, ~~ r, ..1+ c,;;...h-' -... 1.l ...f it ::ed :. i.;r,r0,, ... v r ., t·i&~- -•:.,..... t-te:. ,..._.tc _1c r:,._:_~ t"',..., rl_.1-·~ .. ....... ti\.A,tic~1.....,-c ..,1 •• ,.., ,; +· "' lfi ... .......... r .., !: r--c-_..,.,. .;. ,, ,.i -: r. ... ... ... .....::·ts .... ii:,+..,_ ..:. ...~ t,...., 1,·'-"';_t .. c:. .... --+ frrs "'r·.,., ;j-,b -·v 11......!:i_}. ~ i "!1 . ...'1t • l ,.. ,... , ~ '"('I ")!1 i·~ ~ i ! fl ~c... ''T: ' c '"\-,.~ (-l __ t 1. t.,) 0 .I. Y' .... (;, ,_,.. - __ c1 , 0 •• <.,; .,!-(. _._ - ,_..,_ .. (.I ,:::.,i . ... ... \.,1,..- -· J. •J • ....1. l 'VII, J. l ...,µ "' �l :23 ""'R 18 , 1$4'.--:::. t u.nt ~ n "". l f'll:,.rk 1 s •,.) ...:L't·:.~ i tl., ..,n.:>1..":1 ',tr. nit..:.tfall thin,::, &..r h cJ..;ic with u. ir 1 T' rl n c lin" a .. ,'"in., ·a ... r ':J. , al '.n · rsri:::i m· int: ::... crt thL.t ::E~turb:: :.r. i:::.:. t· tee t '1~ ;) • ~t.,· Cr'l • .n.: ::r-r in-C:1fof f th'"' :.::..1L :·ort:. Jfr.i.co.n Ccl1 l-ign. r•h.:.i , to u o<.: b.!lG. .i.ni.e~TctFC. '. Lth L. . declarc...t·." .. l.,; ....,r si' .. t '"luzii :::.tt'ia+ -arls.n 1 • • ri..,it.:.on ls t !ll._ r.::..ry r. .o , -q 0 i:-n ral Cl •.r:crs toi:.b:.,::. t fay s~ nc: h c .. c u( d n-._,ot::.~.tion- · i t:1 -<--rl-n a..i 'J.~ ...,h,. C ...,...,a+ir._ ...,cf h~,._J+Ji iti,..,..;i. I ~r,r.r•o~c , •T(YT · ¥. "'ls.r le. :-i i.r st1.111a;cn~-~::.::1 the. afte:r?.1::i0n ~:: +:1c rt':,::..1.lt ·f t 18 Pr ~.i.e. nt J - fl• ...""'C.... J..i. •· r 1:1c •.t ~.!c:. t. ~~- ~r c~ ::... ~. :irt t:1~t c ~rt in ro- .• r · n: hrl., . ""' -:_ n :._ .:_for _ _ ~n , o: th, Pr .if nt 1 ~ c cl· a.1..i +· • C::i :!J.t, II L-€~._,C, k . till ...cs • ...... 0 1.)" "Yr: .I. ••. - l' :~r ~s _, [' -:,i.,' , cf cc·r c-nc :tLor. .•t 11.<...!'+ CO<. :::'c...t:1 ~ _ r C l'"."" £r . J n ct:_.__r er~ , C-~ 0 r ~O\.,. r ...." r C l.~_ ft .. CJu"'"""-. !1f<'r ,c.t.i.nn t0 .,"'lt'!' .... ::.;:,.i.~'tanc, .::.n itt:..r:r r.:':. otLer c: v µ' t •~J· •.• il 1~ ~or 0 tc c::.ccc t J'l T _r~~ .r:, ...-,oitle,n , I :1L-vt. r,c..iiv :i c rt;__.i. .,_ .,_ ri,~ ·n' . .. __ r ·.r. .l"~ .1t/r •~., s-::.t· ~f.::.,C::.t', t r'en rc.:.l "'ce!tz i.., coc • . rE.t:'..n ·'1 • r C"'!1t , r +!cin '1 h· s com .'.:°')r: r:·i :.o t 11 r1 .i.rt.ud t:1a.t unv· r ·n<:::rt.l found. ; e.nt..:.n.., ln c I t.:.,..t..ti r. ::;l10 11 1:~ rLliPV d." ~ Le.. _ ~k >..) i... i.r.lrL] T'IL.r.._t.....~1 S.,;;, ...-~T ".ith Lieut .... ... ,.,t"!>,._1-)r~ 11L..1t 1 Cl~rlr c..nd ::..sr t...S to so .:..2.for.1 .. ir~..1., ,... llo,.I t::.11 n:r:_ + ::3 Ti....r:.is fror.:ti r checl:i!lz s 2.a:: ... 0~ n~ nci" tro "' ~. r _1 re..: ..... . ·'::l~r: t e!"l t~ .. .... ........}h'2 m;:.t.),, --f ~:..rlu.n i :::,i ..... [,._,.rocla 1. t:cn d ... __ : "'..;. r .. g .. cl~ ri~n; :J.'! ..:::ty .... for .n./ : r -,_: 1..:.•::. ::;t.Ll i::i r~ri:::on . -c...L :.~"1.,_ ,~.i.::es to .;_ uc ::::.;.c:i .,reel(:. : t.i.on . 1r0 J.e,. ort.i.ng r:i.i.l.i.tar.r mov ~s by the Frcnc , dlh.:.r2:::.D~r:!...1nr..:'...o!'ts t' t Nogw=is i::, ,.::--:.o.rinc :::::c•;~n Frcnc~l •:r,roccoa::: l)~.1..1..<,.::..:..vnG f'Jr llOVO (:).1, to :.[,lcr..., to c...;s.:.::;t in 1 til.0 <if nse of :•crt.1 '.fric~ . • ""::.r- ~l...o C:.cc:..... •••• rt~ t:1 t '_,., ·.:.~ ~cc • t c 11c rJ._,aii. -"r·e-"C. y el _it~'' into '· ~ :::i,:.:.l og.nizr,+::.c.1. m•.,.. official..: T' : ,..£.". u~ du ..:.1: _ 1t t head fc:c ig:1 r 1 t..:.,.1"', Cclcr. ::. T'cr. 9:ccl;:e to .1::.n-:;. int · ~ e ::,ecuri ... , ::_:_g~.,..d. J to hcu.c' " C~.1:::orsL.· ..., rn: o-•1er l f&') 1.$ L1c l).Slon cf t:b S 11en "dwuld J::- fu.V)r::.b",-, •. to ~ur . os~t:on.'J ('I £'or.,, n&.rlt..J. l':laVe..,, " .1e''" l CL ... rk ut::, orJ. pr, .,_·,rre .J.,:;::.in for thu fr ,nc:1 , J.e;lling Da.r:.~n tl1'"'+ 'is position ··.ouE :.ie ,nc.t-srit.- y str,m:;t:1sn1...d if hc.c 1 IL Oll-' rPf',-,,.,, ,,.,.i re' ....,_ "J 1 '"'"'J.otl1 ...e..,•'1e•r.'r'.l..h,-,b1'C",(; ... ·•1r 1 ru•·,-,t 1 J..i...i.. J_ J...,..,. t. 0:.. V • "'"' ·In'.., '"r n"'h fl·' ~mh,.._ ' r'" I,,.;, r< ~,..T'l n a 1 v·o•r"'r c.....1.....1. &nJ • ••h u,1...Cl · r..., .•,. ,t:;'f ..., ....,_ ·r ,,,rr u ...,. ..,. _..., .. ,. • ..,.....\ ... c:...v • u...,__-.._ .L t .ct..:.or. + 1ovt.: th ~.- r.c'. flc i. o'..!t cf "'"·.1.lon. 1e h~~ ·.lr · ·., t .. · ..:.t 1L ovrr "v lt!.i. ...... r_> ~S l au~ ric&..... n:.v&l ,nffic .. . narl-1-n ~n .....:, ...~ 11C :1'1-:. :'-' .. Call r...> th 0rc 1 rs he cr.:1 cone r in' "':::. fLet u.t t:1£ :_--rc .lt t.:.... 'ut t'...[, l. ···· ~ loo:: f r r.r;,h.r 0 1 ~ .. ~r: Cl r!r f ,,e..... t~c:-f~ -Lh ~r !l~h ''_r 1 ..., cocrl'··:ra.Jui "~r/· · ll in;; .... r l.'' .. 1.~ n 0 fls0t fl.. .i,. c;.;. ;: _ J (.., J L, .J l, ...... ., (..;. ,;_ - ~ 4,L\,,L ......... (..,.4 .. J. .... J.. ;...i,.._ ... ... ,I. ' -'- J. \...'- 1 4- .l ....... r-.-..r:...... t}1; . ,) ~ft rn0 .u., th GP J. r&l ro::_;:... ou-'-.1 in~rt..ct ~rec.'-' u.u...t ~ •• ,../LI. .....vt::.0.1.1..., _ .. to i ' : ~ .Li L .• Firs ._ :... 5 ov,, "!:.o '.o.i:sson Curer to r -v .:.cit ',h~ 0:'th r( 6::_.•v.1t· co .1b: t v te~ ... :: .. h~ c0,rLir.·, __ 0.1 :.o ':..:."'o.1nlc.1c:.t. :1r :1 in .... ,,~ct~ :;_')r: ·-·~r+ilLrJ & ,.lc...c .. .... .1 nt.., . ,...,h_ ) ..n_r 1, .~.. h:!.S fe.,J. o ccnf.i ... 1 .,1.1r.i.1.i.~ t:1 .._,~ . .'.::, cu.-:....~c h h:..::;h,.. .1vost:~};: clc ...... to hiE c:2.a. , ~ triC.: _ ti":l~o·(. 1 th f_;__l ..., 1.i.~_.- to L .:.\,,, .. , ...;1 cr_t .:.n t ..1( o.. :n c:. ..1on:, troo. 8 ~n.O:.:. r.:.gl...J.... ::quir !:1€!1.t awo.i...• "'"'f L .L ~t..:_.,.._1ino h ...... :. .1.t~ h s - ::. lL1, ~ .. cruC:.J c~ -i-tery 1-:l ' h<:rE. L. ;.'.l'..l!Ilbe:'of ;,..1el:'ict .... , 1.iL _J in t:1a ., .lgicrs lz.:i.:l..:.i..S.: 1'.' buri,.,d . Tl·Lr(. <.l.!' &. n.mb,r o-f: era-.::." --:c:r·d-·er·..,.,~•" .,J , .1. u .... · :'.Ln r;. .. 1era:::. Cl· rk ret .i.r .. s ret·rr- ... T!1e n:irn.:te _, r o::i :1e dec~ar ... that :1e tlin~s so.~ h:::. :._&rd , c:.. "· .ier l Sl r' ct.', ,itL.1[; h::.s cl.., thr t C.c.n_r· l m: on .1c.~ b_.:.n L .. .:.o _r. .. ,:mer~l ente;r: 'fhe nc1 ~'-tY Coli! .Ln ·.e are b inf; 11 0ublG crc;:::,e · ':,;, the :'ronch . 11 •• :ld ,rh arc arli " i::i t'c2 --i, h +!~t + '1 co.:: "'n ,r of · he f:. tte Priti:: $. �::\ &f Sf{J;R ~: if '< (::r~ncri. '.iiv::.::ion f o 1 Const~ntine h1.::::told hi:: -:-ro, ... not to start fi 6 :1t..i.ne _.~~1:. /"'er. _n.., unl •~t. tl1-y f:irt' first . f.ener : Gl .rk -~- 1 :n.., h '1c.., a2.r ~it' t -~~n -'-,h, . ,.1atter U) ; it;1 1 1:...r 'n . I3ut 1'\:n-. tr con is e:xci t,;;c . It i.~ obvious ti:ic.t :1E,; :J 11.ev _ he , :w.s over - e ~t S.:.ec.hims3lf to t:1e eo.::.t c..'1~ t:i.ic.t he i:: lorkin 6 for c.n ::..1.bi n.:._nca::;e; :1 ;e".:; .:. bl0ocly ncse from t::"" Eoc.,v , 11 ""'ner l C.c:...r'' f::..rs . ..e n:.nt,., to bla_, L.r.yt·une tl11:.t, ·rti.r;;:1t l1c en in t~1e ne::- ~ ft-, .::: on th'"l French . He is bt- ,innin; to ..... .Js c n.:.er,1:.1 th~ I'&rl&n m.goti:..t::.oas t:i.at,. (_,d.e:::;:;on) s1.· ortlJ •• so '"'nthusia_ticc.:...::_,_; . ,., n,n:.. Cl:..r:( t,l:r;, C--n_,..,.l •1nd "S'Jn t .. ~, :.. he;,.~ r. , ::rts.:.ly tolr" him 1;.,nr" .~eL c.l "":is<=-nhov 11 1· t \, .. ·.o· ld not r• lJ on th, :rc:.1ch - -~·1-,; c..r not E.-r -1• i . _.,,c1 te, cio 1 1t t "S, tas rL; -1-·kv c, n sto .,. a.r, ..ored col'..:...JUSvith th.-ir b&rt: h::-.n,- . 1• p,__,., .. AnC.,r .. on, in hi .. a - ,_ '!?.... .,_.1t C',e.1-.iral ".:isf'n.'lo,Lr ::J. r~. ::..o _ ·_ L.inin_; tn'.i. , h_ tr1in~." the .-, ... Fr~nch ~ d '· 2. -cross.:..::::; ~h'c ?r.:..tis:1 . This • ic;~P,S r. r.. .re:.~ Cl&rk . 0 :i ... "ar lc.n :s r• -, ... on d &:t, r dark to "',:;n r..l Cl rk I s off ice '1 ... , Co 1.an'.,.. -1- l,~ n.i.,h~ ~ s h:.&.r~ t::::..t 1·cn-:' o~ T,:c ltz 1 lLo:::-di..a.i., ,;;~1ii_ i::::.,· - ord;r L:iu.t hi:.. tr')')_.S, ~"L'. :::10t c.ttc.ck +:, 0 ,r•.""n::. ·ml .. r -l;h r r '•"- i:.:.~ctck cl f.:..r..,+.11 ,:-,in.: "Lr· ....... i.. c.1~ ut :ro C: ,"-;i ..._" ,h I'r nch , n:rtl 1 r ':hi f 0f ctL,~; i~;:, .~.~o~ .... d. ....n fr0nt of G :i-rr.il C2..L1.rl~ (.,(. ·r . ·:- .r...h , nc..r ...... ... t:1., l !' ....tC... c lo ... , 11.,io~.._ ~~ 1 -Lk·:, T'..:_tis .... orc:_r t::_t ~11 :=--rc.,.,d.Ch ...~ ,- ~l~ r_....,i::t t:.... .i:-... .:..1nor vh f_...•c."G..." 1;tre,o (}en ... l ~l .r:c ~ :i-' :*1 "1( t., c~ti .. rC:. .:.J~h ... u.ctl ...... r .... -:-f~ t i~ i;..:Jn, LC 11c d )r~.an t'--...\. t n:.rl~ ... t l . \()rl :-0,1.:-~ 1 ht..c..,.. 1 ... u4..ir-L ~n Const ........ ... . T'\o.rla.."" .... ~...... i ....... .. :--c .Lt:. -o ~ l..., r1;n r~l ,.,: --~ · f ...c ..s .. ncs a....., -r·..:.. t:1 ~1~ ·ur h:rlJ.~__in~ c.1 -t~.. ... ~n . rn . ~ t .. ... ...... Fr _... . l ... .. _.. 1c L iv,.., o..,.i:' iv, L •. -t-1· ctlon..., to Ko:;,ltz tt..c.".:,fr n"', troo c • • ' r ,c' t i {·r-+ r 1 ::: clos 7'arlc.1.n ·.as ~r1 , ·;: t'1, :.d,:1.:..:::-r..::. µt ~:;i.or.:te ...~ ·r ..,~:.ir · l. t;,,_ ) n:)&.rl... .:.s l.> .. n 'r &t ~ 1.:..1:~::.. 1 · J:.:L.1wr• 1• ·_ • .r,. :-:i>~r ncr.r ·.1. ,..,.1 r.:.l , Clc.rk ..,a.r.., it i.:; .:.. _re_-'-,1.v, t:1at lL 110 t rou~h 1' ·it:. :' ..rlan on :)CCu.~ 1.on, ..1, 1 .i. ,.L .i. ~(.;t ~:.at ·.:..-:/ J ,.. ~~r ... ~pa-t, to ,..,n r 1 c::_r': ir. -~: ~ cv ain.:, , i.th a s•,crE" ... arrive,.., ( J.1 cnz~._·c..:.i!'l :._ c::.. .r~inar".!~ sJ.r-;.. . nf CtJr..sc ...o.... ..:ic ..... t:....nn.:.on in :. ::"' d.'''.~'t t.,.., i.L:: :.; ar1 an'.J... !'lt..~ ot,r, l1av ,.ud, . .. ar ... ., , ,1 ~·t ~r b""lug r con~~~ ., :J.... c~u _ .. , l1t.. 11(,.,.C: sli.:_:l1t_.µt t ve the dn - ~ t ... :f.':..~: L.~ain L.J, :1 (i..Gu · !l t ~ _~ .1. o-... ~ 0 rc .... ut}-1 .......l ... ,,..•• l.,_,. ..,c t .... ..... locc.-..li ~c1 lr m r 1. --=..k -'--J u. ~ !J_._..,t tc en, it o r ~o•, r.1 ✓ -it t.o a.1;1 ~cx\.:..c~l-r lin off~ _ ..,ol.:.tic~: &.ct~ J . ~h~ cas, i.., .. _. v.r,.. .. b~co~"!'!i~:3 _1t, /· cf &. g:::-~at d"'&.l cf n r co .. t u. · o.r .:..nT'v corr ...,pen. --nc , -, t~ th p·' &.le. v'. :::'1· :..id ., , 0 t of _:. iu ....,.:..r J :.,:,- L.c·' .., C '!T h""Y"..., b n::;' of ~ef l. 4 • w .... 4 D , J . 11 rh 1 C :re• .L ... -! + t~ " .. '1.,_.7 ~ o....., • r .,.,nc ... ~ ..... .... -t:.._1c... · lP c 'l.., r ancl .. <~, ...... ... I,., i .......i._ l ·'· 0 ,1 ,_ J. .1. ~ o..:.. ..:..b n0t, - nu C":'.f;.J.i J. ~:.:~ f.1_, -~(' '""'I ~ • ', :...,_ U , 1 0 J:l : ... 1 -v.L ,.... ..... Q .....:' L.r:" ).., C"''l"l ...... n-t: ... T""r .. , .. , . (' of ' J..Li~ ~c. .t :_ ... c... - , ......... .:.~·c. cf r ,£ !'_).., ............ .. r y, .... c.1.' ...,, ... .:.t::. r '.i •• );:°t, do • ) 1 £...,;,..,':>Ci:.t ,.,_t .:..•• ,; ", .:_~ ~ ., r. tt1 .... 0:1 ./ -1 ~:.:-- lu .,,r - }r ... ., ~l' /"' ......,lr-- . ...., 0.,... Mo!, ..... :·+ t:.~ t :.UT 0 j:.L.:.c&l ',j ' .... l . :..::.ct. """I~ ~:: /· ..... _...., r r 1 ........._ ~ l, -~_r_; ... '-' l1~v-: c:,-,r &..: ...... !' ' ·t ...... fr":ol r :1t""i~ ..f /~; 11 '1V :J.r ~ fir ...l:'" 0~- stick:..i,_: ,..,-~c'. ,C"'S; :, 'l _._ 0 .. l ':.c c.r .:.r.'-• ' L • __ .......... 7 '' .1,c.., r.,..;-........ • • U .. - C;: , . .J_ ':., •• -LL , ,....., ( f"' ........ ~ ~ __ ""'"'r• ·~:!dl"........ " .,~ :::t:.:1 l.1. • ,;.... -. ......,c__ t.., ......... + ...' r J.:.. .... l- J_ .) V ..,:;:, n .;.c (c ~ Ro . .; c'1oc ~ ~c ::.. c._. __ c:luv .. c·:r: 1111,.,t:...: .... r ~"0i-~ ...... hi::. ::.J.4:i: t . c-r h: t.:.,.:l --~ , ~ .• "~ ... or: + .. + 0 1 tt of· hi_ .. .,vh ~ :r:::u~1. uor_!_l.l,:rici..J., (,_,) Q.~')".'"""' L.l .. ..JG.~.Ll rf' ,.., "..i..ii:.... ..... ...... .......... .-::, 1 :_, ... .,__. c: ...c --rr -~ " ., r-ro-:ct.....Cl..-...,: :_, :t t1... ... ... .., .. .. .,.," .,. , j, tJ-,.3.-1- 1-:11lr~~ :.i..lc!i: " .:.:~ ,.,~ ~~ U 'I ...... ., 0 .......... ,, ~.;......... ] ~~ •..ci....J:- V - ' - �1~5 ,, ,. r r ., (!: + • •u + ,... r / ,., ..' -w i. -1- -1- r ·-1- .... .) " ~, t ,.r ., , (' . .. J. \,; ••u ~ ·c, + 7 .,,. ~ "\ ... . - .,,., -"\:..r , l ... ' ......, d .., .L 'l- b ..,,~ .L r, ,., f . r r.,.ot II -~ ~-- . ~ .... r. l +:1 :" ...,,1 , h ,_'1· ~ > r .,, ll' ~ u., _..., ~ l t T .." ~, .L ~ .., -' :1_, Lr ., .,,..,. -•v _,,1,.J. _,..,. ....' ., 1~ r,. u J J. ...... n4- .L .,..,- . -., ... ("\ . ... :.1 1 ... h + ,:,. + 0 n J.. ... .,_, 1.,.. ".1 t ·. ni (' ,.'II i n . . . 1 r u r T .... ... ( .t- r i .... r r l'-1 ! ~ l i t ... ••v t. ·.t lgi l .1 Br.:. �\ ;;zh ,., ... "", .. l . .f. . tc r r J. -!- r ~· J.l~. .' r~ 1 r'1 .... . . ..~, ,,., .f. J • • ·"' ~ _n ,< ,.. ~ 1 C L r ~0!1L' . {'r .l . J. ir 0 1-'- .:ct 1 "' ' c,n L -'-- t fi ..,( .1 C , l . i' .,_ • r i- ..... i.rcr .... r. r. f+ 1 t -., f . ,.. ..., , ~---~ nr .l j 11- ,... ~ .; i, .., r ,1 f 1 ... h t l. i !I"' .. nc \ ' ~ , ) I' ., .. t',; J. I' .,_, r . ""), ,,- • 1 If ' ~- ... .1. J. r, C (' ,;: \ �,, , , t. f !' I' .,_ .cor._: ,. L. it' l" ··i .. ., J o-..: ..... t",., rl r r h i:, + . l T t.1[.t ~r nc 'r r (., C t' - - 1~ • .- +rr J_ ( . J .- '-- .µ "' C ~r s r r £ oc+ . 1'- 1 -·· • .J. J. T ~µ ' 't + + ro r ·n ' . Fr C .c t ·0:- Ltsc &. • J . a. - t. f<' r~..i. +c r ... · "' t r .t\ "t! . r'c icc..b I(' n r· • Cl · l: r'"' f' . + .in r a & <..: .J.,~ -, . . -t - -'- n -~ •• f •..t. "'~ic.:.._4......L,v r ,UiJ 0 t t c.. T ,., ~, (,(' '0, r ·• ' J. T ' J . C II'&.- . _... C ~•L, t' a t0 l'i ~ C "l' L 11 • ) '".:. r n ,... .. ;J."' "r ~ ) µ in r~ .... r.,.. " -<- .. ., ,- TT, Ca -,i;;1 '-' + () .L G- f""'I~, ... .!'~ -~ + . .J. "'.J..r f i1.J" "() .J..l,. 1 ~C!' -......... + r ..,_ ~{' c-.r r, + '· ._ .,.. r , • ( ~ -f~ .,_ "- . . ...c ......... ,., . .,.. r n • .1 . .J. _., 1 . - ,.._ r-.r., " r +. II • -i 1 -{ (' ..,l .. r, µ 1 "-µ- . :...:.r1.;. , p µ ..-· ,, . :r , .1., .,.. ., t"\ ,. ·u lt ..... , l ]r r 1 .,_ t II- L • ...... L) C • o.:.+ .• L0 , r .i "'... -... ., .,.., +• (' r .,.. ' ... ~+:. t' <r 7 , V C ; ~ t f V .f· + 1 "'-- '" .+ ·.r ' ~-u ~· T -f + ... r i. c...r " T"\ l. + .i.L .... F:- .. 1,_ 4 L + J. .,.. ... a• ... . .,.. J. 1 • ' ..' I' • :::-+ •r f , +. -1- ""'"'- -(' r, i u .L . .. t• �' ( ~· :.:son, " • ., ..... .. \ I ,.. • .. ; ., T • > • �1~9 ,.,, .. ,...,, .. ("' , r ""'.. (' , , .;,... ... ~ -· :.r .i.' ""r "' ~ ·' '- ~ ... m . ... r " Ilf' r~ .. .' t •r T• ' ,J ::- ), r. -'· ~, ," p ._ .,. ... + r •l r (' r " . ".1..r~ .......J..l'l.,,""" r: , IIT + c• •• r. (' r-- 1 - a .... <... , rlr ., . , ~ .... (' IT T ~c \ L (' .,. . ' .... ' ~ ... ..... u >J ·,r- r r &.I',. ~- , -'-c _,,,.."d?:?: n ·11 'I., .rt .• l t f'r .1 +o [. C' t r :i ·- 't ('\ ru.l .1 l'• . 4 :c..~ '- !' ny-. + ~-(' •'r t .!. ... ' ... f' rr ... . nf r nr: £.:. • .r . ,_~ r.: ~ ... ·v . .-.f .... . ...... .. • ,..+. .... or r r l" c... <- ~ (' ~ +: + .,. "'o r re ...,.... ...·' .. l 'vh. c G.J.• c:.. T~ r ' -L' r' .i.l fa .. ~ C . T ".::,.1 . rr • r.,. .L (" , .... .1. :t' ... .I, " l 1 v...,,.. f ,..,r ~... 4-.::..r-,.. t ffor-' i C i.. ,,, C " T 'L ... , c •• .l ') r::. C>.-.,C 1 . :1.:.s L.. .L re r ur 1 t: V,.,. ·l 1' ., ). u ov &2. .;; '°' ._, .:.1 r.t o. - ·r ~u., or 4 tc T' ')" 1;· + £:..1.,.' ,h -~ frC' -' , SECRET r:::. .J...... -l r + ( .f -:: -·r --yv J ,,., f" r·_" ·t i r T f~ n r t �l 3D C .. t::_ _:_ .. 'Jt ..... ... ti.&. i.1._. C OV ,__.r • J T ; • • .A. ..... C c -t ' .• n of vC..~.L ..... r: l f f' i. ,n ·o t'L ')ff l n 7 .l::'.1. .. c~ v :1.... ir::.- '-• -1 ' ... t ct.I. cv.<.J p to .1.-l'( r~ 1 r.L~- ~: fl t r·g 4 7 t T" ,4~C :-r1 ... ... o·, ch C ... f'\ n ,.., ' ' <.,.J. '1 1' ' u :!_] r , .:.,_,,:. I"! Ho. ,\/ €..•• , i l 1-1- ! .f' -· ...J. ..1. " .c • J..;; r ~ I ., f C f E.... i r"'t. ...:> :....-- ..... ( 1 _., ~ 1 •• ~cc , , E,.. tron • " r.... k c...r t· .. or~ .it ~o H (' tO of ,.. ... .. t:., "' in .u;_c\ c,c., 1 -1-) t . · hs.r' or · .1 ' hc:.s 1: •.n don~. '.cc- e . ' "' , , ..,-.,:, r . n ~ .,Ll, ' co 7 •• ..L t ",nc to t O- 'ol _ l· c'c ·' li...t r .. : · ri .l .r ♦ C II • in.~ •. 0 ') r .. :.· c\c J. , • 0 t �f 31 .,.r.· ·"'-•• r , · f..:_ v .. rL-: tL . t t t t ar_: flnd 1€' .0.1 ..s .4 1 h .__:.,.o·. µ fo..:.r 'M v . c:r into t· to b""·· +::_ 4 ~l '>...... 1 .., ' (1 ~J .. rµ, p"r ...h , 1 t r, l . ... t{:J. '-' J V 4 ' ~ .,t II ~ ...... .i....., , :r ...~r..1 .L,.. ... - ., ~- . - __, r s lt, J. , ~ln r ~ .... ""J.. t i' ~+t.,rµ-- ~~~ cr~~-rn\n~ u~~i~n .; 0 !1.'..C . ' ' - if .. C .. r ':cot-\.., V lo.:::: ins • t'. c....'.:'L hL . rW' ,J.. fu':~ ' < ,.. 11 He., • u, , .L .L ••,; r C of . .:...1.: ,I. rr~ 1~-'-- µ' .; , 1 , i (' V µ ,.. • . 4 T,1. • .L .... ... t: ..:..cc.,;.ti1J.1 • - 0 . ,: is l"' :;7n . ~'h l?trr. .:.-;;tL Co .s .n rror in co . ·i..., is lil '.:h~ jo i .... 0~1 r~ , ~: r l ~ r ~r~ +', t '1c 'i.,o..•::i r • 11 f'~~.1t r , .·... ') ~-17 , r ~, rn 1i C r O v, I/ ,... '-••d ''), 11 l ..., -'-h f ,., rr . w,.... la"':!..., c.. )CT..!- c ... .. 1c"' : ' icn of+:, n _c.d3 ~.i.1 Jn 1 ~.:.t..v .:'l h.:. tc Or .... anC:.b· er: i oC:.r.,, n uh C"f t l':: '0/ (" r. .., J i t,O i-· ... . -t. • re .l. t J r'r ~- ,!, , t r. , ..:'"r C, .] •• -~ .. .:. _ > l. n.:.. .,.l rt:: u ..... 6.. .,le l ....- -._ rl .:... C -'-· .:.+ · lr i;::t .•.• ' .i..r -r:r~. • •fiL,•'. _r ' r t ::i ' -• ,..1 ""l r r .... l ~ ... . <,; ~ Ct.._ :ic ~ Cc...r.,,. L ..,h. -•.., f..,..c1 ... fl ' "' fr'#' 1 \ rr . ".,t ..1. .... .:. .J,. --w ...... ,-,-. r\. ( r ~... ::... r tl_ .. = l, ·'- :r·· '"""'""'.f. •.1...,•• . '- r .,_ rr rn l{ ..... i ,h .. , v.:.n �l 3:2._ ·t·· '' c ~ ( ': i. •.iO nt , .. --~ -~ ni . !:or th.,, f..:.r..,t ..tc.+ for.....u . t Jn r-11 ... ..;o . ... . 1 ~ '' T 1 f + . ..,_., 1 :r I .. ..,. .,t''r .l -· ' , ... ·t of (' -t t t t ::nl'"\, I -1 v .. - n .,,. 1 C .t o1' ... .:c ~- ,... 1 .... J.1 . ,J r, fcr h _+ 1 "rt .,_ ~(.) .,. .............. ,C ~o T':..rl~ -•• " ....,!"• TI + ~ T • u ,.. t" --.. :. r-n ... r ..... r:w1. '-. ,c . + 'f"\ ..... :T_..~ u11cor; !1 ii' .... T' • -., l () : __ .. r t·i -. _ ... o ..... fr.r ,. .... n ,.. .:..n._ "r ) -J ·+ .... f• ---. ..:.t rri+or,; .....+ L .. or ,+ 4 +. 1,.,,_Q...... ,.1. -1-- ,,. en ~o:::...' o. 0rt -.)+ ~i..... r _ .._ n " ,.. .t ,.. ' ➔ ,r ... + r ::.. . "l , r' l ~ +· . ,... .., + ...... .. • , T"l-r·l,.. .1 ,..,.. - ) • • - · ... ,f.. • r " + ➔ ~ '-- + + 1. ,.... : m ... . 1 )) �133 SECRET r (" ,· k ' t ~ts C -., ht:> r ~. . ,.'-' .i. ~.... - ... , ., J.. • ,. ... . 7 ... - ' ' - ) .... ,, ... .... ,, ... ... r: - -....._,.~ , , C , 1 ' ... I - 0 , ' ., 1 1 l , _, ~ J . ., ..., ... " , !I' • ... . ~· "l•~ T >1::.1., . . ... ...- ..., ' a r .I. t 'I �(~y SECRET ~ . ·1 ' - + C..t.~ ~l ~· •·r I! ~ -c., .· ·-.' " . ...., •· t ... ( , .. "'.l: ·~~ . '! . .. ,,,... ,., ~- ) .. ., ,... < . .I.~ . ' .. ' I •o ,.,, -' .., ... :::'I) I' ,.. .... 'l (' .,, ... .. ' =. . .., ·~ ... . - '7 ... L ~ , ,... ' . _., ., u ,., .. , r • •- .. '" ! ,,. ... r c.. .'. -1-' ,.. . .- .r --"-u ,., f , Tonight, It read s : '--~ General Cla rk lets ... ,} w c •• II •' ' . ~ ~c, .- ·- ti , l u • . . <> ,, r his hair do.n in c.. let te r to G-..;ner1 Ei se nho wer . 1 �"D ear Ike : nA t ached her eto i s th e sig ned copy. of t he agre ement wit h Dar l a. ••• I t hought t n you might wi sh t o send t his on to the W Depart ment . ar "Rec eiv ed your l ett er about GCM I t natur ally tr ouble s me because I know i t . has trou bl ed you . I m ubt sa y th at I th in k s om of th e boys in W i ngto ~ ar e get e ash ting unduly al armed ab out small matt er s . The onl y t hi ng th at has gone to t he pr e s s is what has gone out thr ough your hea dquart er s . It seems to m t hat th e boys bac k i n e W sh in gton coul d do better to f ac ilit at e out wor k her e r ath er t han to bot her us with a suc h uni mp ant tr i pe . (This r efe r s to W ort ashi ngton obje ction s to cer t ai n s ect ions of stori es conc erni ng Genera l Cl ar k ' s Afri can r endezvous t r i p) The stor y of our vi s it her e was one t ha t naturally appea le d t o th e pr ess . They built i t up and m agni f ied it ju st as you woul d expec t t hem to do . Every i ndi cation t hat I have r ece i ved and ot her peopl e th at I have tal ked to th i nk th at it was a svrn s tory ••. ll nr knm7 the hell you have been tak i ng , si tt i ng i n th at damn t.mn el , but don't thin k I haven 't ha d my share of it her e . I hav e neve r gone th ro ugh tenda y s lik e t his befor e in my l i fe , but I must say that vi are now obta i ni ng the best combin atio n of e r e sult s th at I t hink wer e pos., i bl e t o squeeze out of the dir ty mess we f ound here . I don ' t m nd maki ng deci s io ns -- you know that - - but i t i s doubl y har d when y ou m i ake th em knowing th at t hey are anot her ' s ra;ponsi bil ity . I hav e not once ask ed y ou to com over her e , for I t hought t hat was your decis io n , but I do want you to knoow e th at when you do com it will cert ain l y be a gr eat r eli ef t o m . I think t ha t th e e e ti me has come ..he n you sh oul d be her e . '.lost of the communicat i ons are bE:: , tween you and me and tha t will al l be eli minated wit h your arr iv al. " I am del i ght ed th at you f ee l a s 1. do a oout cutt i ng down t he s i ze of the sta f f. I r ead t he W Depart m ar ent ra 4i ogram on th e f or mation of the Fi f t h Army I don 1 t . know how you f ee l ab out it , but I t hin k- as Gener al M arshal l sug gest ed- - t ha t t he Am ca n tro ups her e shoul d be all headed up under one ar my and t hat pla ns be m eri aae by t hat army f or the ir ar r iv al and tr aining for it s next of f ensi ve m s s io n . i 11 W t h r ega r ds to t he r actio bro ad cas t , I am gl ad not to have to ap 1- r. It i s i .ea quit e a bur den , but I tot al ly dis agr ee wit h t he dec i s ion t hat sen i or of fice r s sh oul d not appear . A fter all , th e pe ople back home want to know f r om autho r it ative sour ces _how t he ir boy s are getti ng alo ng . There se ems t o be t oo m any pe opl e afr ai d th at senior of f i ce r s ar e getti ng t oo much publi ci t y . I will t el l you more about th at v;hen I see you . 11 I can I t tel l you how gr and your -_ upp ort has be en dur ing t hi s try i ng ti me. s Your whol e- hea rt ed an d com ete back i ng has been t he one th i ng t hat ha s ke pt me pl fro m goi ng j ust a li tt le bi t sc r ewy. "I r ath er t hi nk W sh i s s omewha of an ol d "dodo . " I don' t th i nk he has the el t zi p and "do i t now sp iri t" to get the maxi mumr es ults out of the t ool s he ha s avail abl e . J i mmy Dooli tt l e and I keep µ-oddi ng hi m i n th e hinde nd every day and ur gin g m e action . or "As for A er son , he has been doi ng all ri ght , but I di d t hi n..'k: s m sage na hi es of November 21 ( sa yin g French su pport was weak) , whi ch appa r ently went to ever ybody fr om th e Ki ng down , showed a l itt l e s i gn of weakness . Hoveve r , he is i n a : t ough spo t and h as har d de ci s i ons to ;nake . V: had lunch to ge th er to day and I ur ged e hi m to push on as soon as he coul d , at the same time m ainta i nin g· s ome control until he f ound m e about the enemy disp os i t i ons and strength . or "As Ever, (signed) Wa n e . " y * ,C" f �Rf (,T W J.Pi.ct, . f' ~ ct .,_• i.tC rf ;.., , r r -· ~r 1....: r · J.' ,, r, T" .... c, .,_ r :n cu ... ' .ir 1 t .. )) .:..i- .. u r .,_ u -· j .. oc l C C: • ':! -l- \ r f0r c J r_ ~' 01 ...i J,.'--r' - ,"-'- ') " lL .., J_ -· ~;. .., ., •L ..,_, .., to l;rr ., l ,_ dc--~t , l ., f") re .. .+ <'-;. v _'-!: . l "'.,....,., t .1.... 1 ~ . ,,,. .,_o :? -· vh "\ tur .. ' .:.r.'-' 0 C c: \ . l~J.l~ rLr. J- ~t j_n 1" !"; ~ 0 t n ,h'' 11 r C c.... ~t ,..,~.1.l (' yr ,_ .., ..,..-i.;rit..:.~ ;. .- ri:: .. f o. _;_ J...:. r ' .... JI ' �\ 3'1 f.ovTnnr (' •• , rt..:.. t'oi~~ ••, dm.:.r"" .'friC£..i1S CU' LIIlite for d lo., r-'coo. rat .it. t e1r· , c:f ...,r nc fore n' • "f, ... y1 -for .., C: •. ~vlatiL-~ .',-rt Cf O n.i.tE..ci 2t.:::..tf.. CCJ ::_11.frico, • b"-"i... +;... , the v-ork of r -nitir. J all French! Jn, ic : a 1 crid rta::.C.:.n:_ im, t,..,_ ' v ..~- a..:.fiic ........ for t if Fr 1c ' i ~ v ~ n Fr,ncu1~ •• c nce.,rnin 0 +:1¥ in-L,r "- a t. e "'cor, or'.. W1l ni o. . ::1 11 "'· n tru..., t the T'ni -~ St&. "':.es ~ov r.r..,nt ~.... r ~u .:.zE.J. ..c... , ~ u~, · .r t t of t..1Eo r s . t to be c "Cte_: .:.n t:....c., trug~L :, int .:.c f:;· _.,c .'.:'ric Fr ncnm n the i 1,ression 1,.1at t. c i:.u-L!.or:Lt~ of t w C icf u n ' it -ain i., r on .• 'tL k.i.n sine r" l:,· ~(':J.I'.,' T\... ..... 1r r a:r. · iru ( lg. d) ~ vie·. ... v ' l str, tr f&.ced , .i.th a tough deci...ion t i:::; Colonel~ "iv-=: •• in' '"'cot+ it dev lo.,...., +tr,t G r ;r• l. CL;.r 1• n qner_,, 1 'l 1::. v ;1 ., ·.J Tun.:._ front ian i_~µ .L m • ..,, c. c ..:.., b-..:.ng rmor '). ",_, t ~ Can b~ n.:. • • 'l-... .. or d .u.C .• t of Cl tan.- ld "'· • ecc. • U.u f&. ~ 11lOVC~ _ -~. n pnr+ ,.., . Cla.rk ' .Lrcc t:.·V·J .:.11 t (' .it _n r&l , + • J ar "" 1... ....., rificin <,.(!- • ro:.,1 • of " ,,r · • :n na,., t' oug.1t to ch ~cv Lo bs up to t · 1 front . :. ., -c-~~ ~ u ~o~~ to ~ 0 t 'Jo·-- d <l af".: rroon, ColonGl Po'-'.., r ,. ort~ t'1 t n r r _-,_r-. V tr ...... ,..._r.1-.- &J.lC:. t t ... a.1 ........ ~. nr. t:1 • V .Lh for 't, d + ~v r .,_ c., : ....: ... 0 0 rE, r, i!l_. .- ' \..,,...., ...._ J.TC VC " ..,tart inu their &t ." C<..., O~l frr·, re [d'..,&..., tcmbcr- &nd !::" fichtcr ... \L'"- to .ve m '3 the tr ..:.ib -1~ ~+ .1g·ers itself, i ... ~-·or ....• •o·'a., l G t/::.. r · .....~rf ")re :t ),,.I &. rro foj_• .., L ~on· -i,i •.:_-+~.o ~ r Sl ...rl\.: nr t, 'v 1 ..:.t·1.:.nco .• t" Jl t:.c.1. 11 vt+inu r,,i~ ci ~ch~: l~.., 2.., r.iic t 1 -- fl toUC-4. 1.,0 it ,r..., 7" C ctr o. Cl rl o!' :.L ':"t'. Tnf·nt.·,, .fl<'.. o zi n ... &.n P.1 "'O c:..- ·1b .• c.n+.:.- ;re afL fcur 37.mn nti-t&nk ,.. + P½.u.:...! nu::': ~ cf " :-..... ...i. J.o.ro.cr,-'-itt ..... ..........c_ --T"l~-·rµ C ·~l, ' r... o ....· .....0f ,.., ..... ::...1n1:.., r' ~ + .. 11¥' "'r t b ~.e· =---. '._.c.,..___c.,cJ , 1 .i. J -.d. .,,. ha., ord:.r..,cl anot:.. ,r c --.~• it". 1 1-J .... ., "'~ t1... .... r J ·' f (""I "d / .,..1 ' + , • • , J ~- Io .. , .1., r l + • "-1- .. _r,,...._i, :r+~ ..;..., r' •• • 2. "l • ,... {;.~r'.r' r • r rt .I,. " .. \, ..... .!..br .,,. r ... n . "' ,. ,I .!' C • ' 7('\ .v. .' ' ,1 --• fr-r V .., ,.. -- ." -1- .... 1 ... 1-. ,-.. n.!.i.\,, I -1- r ... 1, ' .... ·~ ·~ .. t ' \ .l ,_ 4. ' . ,1..0, - .> , �r LJ.J.r.c.} t. ALGIERS,NOVEMBER 1942-The decision o:f Frehch 'Nort.h Africa and· Governor 24, General Boisson to fall in at Darla.n's side and range itself' vlith the Allies is featured today on the radio and in the press. A dmiral Darlan makes the announc ement, saying that both Boisson and General Barrau, commander in chie:f o:f French ground, air and sea forces in West Africa, join the other "eminent men"-Giraud, Nogues and Governor Chatel-in the decision to fight the Axis and liberate France. The touchy [and intricate situation is beginning to cila.rlfy and prove that General Clark's decision, to play along with Darlan bec ause he i s the only man w has suf'ficient ho _ following to help us, was right ;_J At General Cl.ark's invitation, · Admiral Darlan comes to the Deputy Comander's m office this morning to confer, for the second time, with General Eisenhower . The Commander-in-Chief' wants to send a joint American-French mission to Dakar to confer with Boisson but Darlan persuades the Americans that it w ill b e better to have Boisson come to Algiers first. He probably wil l arrive eiiher Friday or Saturday. Darlan is told that his plan for drawing Admiral Robert at M artinique into the alliance bas received the approval , of Washington. The French a< uniral also proposes that something be done to aid French Somaliland which has been under blockade. Such a move, says Darlan, would have two results: it would give the Allies additional ports, a.nd, it would get foodstuffs and supplies to the hardpressed populace. Darlan is asked to sub~t a memorandumthat will be for vr rded. to both the War and State Departments. a The next problem that is brought up by Darlan concerns the Frenc h North Africa youth organization headed by Van Hecht. Darlan says he is worri ed about these independent groups. [Says General Clark: "Do you want them drafted in the army and broken up? They were friendly to our cause and they should not be put under commanders that might be prejudiced against them.] Darlan is instructed to talk with Giraud and Van Hecht to see w hat sort o:f a solution can be worked out. A serious racial and business problem exists in French North Africa between the 7,0 00,0 00 Arabs and 150 1 000 Jews. The Jews, naturally, are jubilant about the Allied landing and the Arabs, although not anti-Allies, ere reacting. They insi st, in the medium of an Arab slogan, that: "Jews are a nece ssity you can't get along without," Darlan reports. They feel they have been exploited by the Jews in the past and they want to be assured that "Jev1s will not be allowed to run public affairs." Darlan is instructed to proceed with great care so as not to disturb racial mass es. General Eisenhower suggests that Darlan assure the populati on that he will "conduct the affairs of North Africa on a liberal and enlightened basis and in accordance with principles on which the French Republic was founded." Darla.n's first step will be to begin a proces s of the restoration of property and individual rights to suppressed minorities. This move will go for w ard "as fast as conditions of .Arab prejudic es and suspicisions will permit :' The government th at Darlan will head as high com is s ioner m is discussed and it is decided that in addition to a council of mini sters, th at will include Giraud, Michelier and heads of the territories, it will have a consultative body of private citizens to advise in all civic and economic problems . With Darla.n's consent, the ))r btocol signed yesterday is changed slightly so the wording throughout makes it re ad "the Unit ed States and her allies." The British asked for inclusion of the "and her allies" provision s. Darlan agrees, saying he bad assumed tba.t was the meaning. The French admiral then brings up the question of Fr ench merchant shipping. He wants to be sure that suf'ficient ships will be provided to supply Fr ench Africa; that the ships won' t be div erted els ewhere. Darlan is told that shi ppin g w ill be done by a sy stem of allotments 11and on any agreement involving ship ping you will have the ful l right to have your views considered-you wi ll get a fair and s quare deal." French coasta l ships will continue to work in French African waters. �\39 SECRET General Eisenhower praises Darlan as the conference is closing. He tel l s him that every eff'ort is being made to set up the admiral as the top man "and everything you have done proves that you are going down the line with us. riBecause of your pesition in the Vichy government," says Gener al Eisenhower who has seen the letter that Darlan wrote General Clark as a re-sult of President Roosevelt's message, "you are unpopular in the United States. Nevertheless, I have told our governments to let us alone; that we know more about the existing situation. So, they have of'ficially accepted everything we have done. [Y01.1 enough of a politician are to know that we have troubles because of the right we are fighting for-free speech and a free press J If you head an enlightened liberal government in action the antipathy toward you wil l change." Darlan nods and ap pears pleased. [He bows toward General Clark, then General 11 Eisenhower: "I like to do business with y01.1, he smiles. You give good and clear 1 opinions and you get things done. S [Lat er, Air Marshal Welsh is called in because of General Eisenh ower I s "grave concern over the lack of adequate night air defenses." General Ike saw his first air raid and,~ the first time in ,his life, faced enemy f'ire last night. The raid was quite heavy, with much dive bombing, and it lasted throughout the night. The bombing_is slowing up unloading and causing loss of equipment and hindering the use of air fields. A Beau fighter squadron is being ordered to Algiers from the Middle Fast. It will have good night f'ighting equipment, inc l uding enemy plane finders. Welsh also asks that a torpedo bomber squadron be sent to Malta to operate against .Axis ship ping that is moving to Tunisia -;, · " General Anderc: n reports back from the f'ront that he is not getting cooperation o f."rommany French civil officia .ls in the east ern section who, he declares, seem to be pro-Axis. Darlan is sending bis representatives to eastern Algeria to straighten out the situation. Gener als Clark and Eisenhower fe el that some arrests would buck up the populace who are pro-Ally but afraid to show themselves because of the stand of the officials. The situation in the ea st is developing _ according to plan. Anderson is moving up his units for the feeler push. The line is virtually set in the north. It runs, roughly, from Dj Abiad on the north, through Dj Sebla-Medjez El Bag, to El Arouz on the south of General Anders on's northern sector. In the southern sector under General Giraud ' s comman , contact has been established only at principal d roads, at Pichon, Sbei tla and Gafsa. The Germans and Italians apr..:aar to have about 10,000 combat troops • . Genera l Clark orders Colon el Hamblen to see about more orderly establishment of headquarters. A roximat ely 70 of'ficers and 560 enlisted men are due to arrive Thurs fp day by cruiser f'rom Gibraltar and already the Hotel St. George is crowded . In midafternoon, K S3 comes pulling into Algiers, once again crowding the harbor and making M it a prime objective for Axis bombers. Generals Clark and Eisenhower go out to look ·at a vil l a and decide to move into it this afternoon. It si t s near the crovm of the ridge that overlooks the harbor. The villa on the hill, lacking, for the present, both gas and water, is occupied tonight by Generals Clark and Eis enhov,er. Reason for the lack of w ater is that a bomb landed near the villa last night, rupturing the mains. Gene al Clark is keeping r his apartment-off'ioe in the St. George until his offices on the secon d flo or are ready for occupancy . More ot'ficers arrive from Gibraltar today by plane and the st. George's accomodations are bulging. Because of heavy r&.in, ther e is no bombing tonight. * * * �SFr. E ALGIERS,NOVE M BER 25, 1942-The British First Arm has started pushing its y way cautiously forward in the north of Tunisia and, as yet, bas not run into any serious opposition. The 78th division (British) commandpost has been pushed up to M edjez- El-Babl This is almo;t unbeli evable since the German outpost line was re ported to have been there yesterday. Reports coming bac k fro m the now -develo pin g front are sparse. There is no news from the s out hern front where the Fr ench, reinforced by American troops, are schedu l ed to merely hold and prevent a German flanking movement. General Clark had and then going overland the area and the flight small part y, inc l uding up in Beau Fighters. planned on flying to the fr ont today, landing at Constantine from there, but the weather is extremely bad throughout is called off and tentatively scheduled for t omorr ow. A General Eisenhower and Air M sha l W ar elsh, wil l make the trip A general conference on air plans and problems is held. Our bombers bl a sted Bizerte yesterday, 45 Flying Fortresses participating. All of them returned, four slightly riddled with cannon fire. A drive to move more fighters closer to the front is decided on. General Doolittle and Air Marsha l W h are instructed to get els together 11a.nd a pply the maximumair pressur e ." Small airfields in Ea.stern A lgiers are to be improved as soon as possible so bombers, now extended to the limit to reach Sardinia, can go after Italy pro per and other Axis-held points. General Czaig is to be the air force of'fice:r at Allied Force Headquarters, working with General Doolittle and W elsh, then r eporting to Generals Eisenho wer and Clark. Elctensive publ i city is going to be given concerning our air raids on Bizerte, Tunis and other points so the residents of Algiers and French Nort h Af'rica wil l know that the Axis is getting retributi on-plus for bombing Algiers and that we are paving the way, with bombs, for an all-out ground attack. Next comes the problem of ship ping, and CommodoreMorse (British Offic er i n charge of the port of Algiers) and civil af f airs and shi pping experts are called to General Cla rk ' s of fice. The plan is to move French ship ping out~ North Afri can harbors as s oon as possible to give more berthing facilities to Allied ships bringing in sup plies. ~The shi pping experts say five French shi ps are i n c ondition to sail to the United States and two to the U nited Kingdom. To relieve congest i on, the ship pin g ex~ rts toy with the idea of m oving m ost of the Fl-ench shi ps to D akar. General Clark re'jects the plan saying "the y can I t go to Dakar until we know where French West Af'rica stands; to date only an announcement of pr i nciple has been made." It is decided that t he shi ps that are capable will be send to Gibraltar, in "escrow, 11 to relieve the ports. General Eis enhower declares that Darlan wi ll agree "since he is playing ball with us and is sufficiently in our pockets. ~e•ve promised him a square deal and he 'll get it. The French are to be allowed coasta l. shi pping as l ong as it does not interfere with military water movements.1'0ne Special Fl-ench gegetable , oi l carrying shi p is to be allowed to go to Dakar and the minimum ec onomic needs of French Nort h Af:rica are going to be met to improve the lot of the natives and show the m that our occupation is bringing advantages denied them under German-dominated control from Vichy. \ General Clark next disposes of an urgent problem here in Algiers. Air rai d of f icials ·have had itchy and nervous fingers with the result that the air raid sirens have wai l ed w hen there was no immediate danger. Thi s has result ed in the stevedores dro pping _ everything and scurrying for cover. A slow-down in th e critical unloa ding of ships has resulted . Genera l Clark instructs Colonel Slocum and t he civil aff airs of f icers to halt this time - wasting. This subject was br ought up when Admiral Burro ughs, commaner of the Eastern Naval force, ma a brief call to Gener al d de Clar k 's of f ice. ~ 1 �B With battle imminent in Tunisia, it is decided to issue a proclamation to French North Africa explaining the situation and declaring that "the military must have first priority.it This is to obviate overcrowding _of rail and wire communications and to provide a fulcrum to work against elements that are not cooperating .as they should. This lack of cooperation seems strongest in eastern Algeria. The fear is that passive resistance will turn into active thwarting of our efforts should Anderson's drive to the east go wrong. - The situation regarding French West Africa will be settled later this week. Governor General Boisson and members of his staff are due in Algiers Friday for discussions with Generals Eisenhower and Clark and Admiral Darlan. L the Dajmr if deal is cinched, General Clark believes it will stop some of the "beefing" still coming from London and Wa hingt'on concerning the French North Africa-Darlan agnees ment.J · rGeneral Clark moves today to his Deputy Commander-in-Chief's office whi ch is close to the Commander-in-Chief's, Chief of Staff''s and Secretary of the Genaral Staff's of£ices. The general has a bed rig ged up in his room, behind curtains, so he can nap at the St. George Hotel on particularly crucial nights. The job of moving the staff, growing daily, into the hotel is terrific. It h.a.s been handled so badly that General Clark orders Colonel Hamblen to take charge and "make a comprehensive layout." An underground emergency headquarters, particularly for the Signal Secti on, is also ordered prepared. ) After Darlan and Boisson have worked out an understan ding here regarding Dakar and French W est Africa, a mixed group of French and Americans will go to the vital 1 point to conclude the deal . The French insist on "dealing with America.ns. 11 The attitude toward the British is one of distrust. ~stablishment of a more direct air route from North Africa to the United States will also be discussed. l,Other developments during the day: orders go out to protect the lines of communications in French Morocco and Western Algiria ••• this results from a trip by illieuienant Colonel F.ddy to Tangiers during which he noted that only scattered French soldiers were guarding strategic bridges ••• Another part of the headquarters staff arrives • . •It inc l udes Generals Gruenther and Lemnitzer.- •• A cruiser load will arrive t omoITov,and Admiral Cunningham is scheduled to come in by air ••• The first clipping from-the United States concerning General Clark's secret mission, ·via submarine to North Africa, arrives -Btta the new group and the play the story got . ~~~ ~ * * * ALGIERS,NOVEMBER 1942-The day goes beautifully, 26, both on the .front and back here at headquarters. In fact, the advance in Tunisia goes so well that General Clark is a little apprehensive, fearing that "Anderson is moving too fast and is getting too extended." Already advance units are at Mateur, about 50 klhlometers from Bizerte, and a tank outfit ha-s reached Dj_edeida, only 22 kilometers from Tunisl L Most of the action today is at Djedeida. Two conflicting reports come in . The air force reports that it sent both fighters and bombers over the Tunisian · town in the morning "destroying all German planes on the airdrome and the wireless station." Then comes a report from the armored column which says its guns destroyed 40 Garman planes. "One thing looks certain," says General Clark. "W just plain smacke4 hall e out of the Boche up· there." All is quiet in the southern sector. General Anderson's advance started the night of November 24-25. Ander son' s plan was to make Tebourbe and Ma.teur hi s obj_ectives, then drive northeastward for Bizerte. General. Clark believes Tunis should be knocked out i'irst, in view o.f developments, and that then the squeeze toward the northeast corner of Tunis, driving out the Germans and Italiam. \ j �Fearing that Anderson might find himself in a bad position because of his possible over-extension, General Clark orders greater speed in bringing up General Oliver ' s armored outfit to aid the Allied drive. Also, 26 tanks are ordered up from the Casablanca area. Near Sbeitla, farther to the south o£ Alierson's advance, P-58s from Youks Les Bains airport did ground strafing, claiming the destruction of 20 vehicles in an armored column, and the destruction of two of four officers• sedans on the road near Gabes. To aid the attack and give the Allies complete air superiority, air officials arrive at Algiers from Malta and the Middle East. General Brereton, commanding U.S. air units in the Middle East; Air Marshal l'edder, head of the R.A.F. in the Middle East, and Air Vice Marshal Park from Malta confer vd.th Generals CJ.ark and Eisenhower and British and American air officer u here. Forces from Malta and the Middle East are to participate in the air attack on Tunisia . The plan is for the planes from Malta and the Middle East to concentrate on ports, 1articularly Tunis and Bizerte, while the air force from here will drive on Axis-held airdromes and aid in the ground advance. The air officers are left together to work out the details. The Axis forces in Tunis are to "be smacked from b'O sides" by the Allied air units. General Giraud comes in to confer with Generals Clark end Eisenhower and he is tremendously pleased with the way things are going. Giraud's urgent and repeated plea to General Cl.ark for air superio~ity ·has been met-in force and in a hurryl · Relations with Giraud are excellent and they are ever - improving with Da.rlan. The touching letter that Darlan wrote General Clark has been sent to both Washington and London and today Prime Minister Churchill, who, apparently, was the most upset by the Darlan deal, radios back that Darlan is on the "bandwagon" and tells Generals Clark and Eisenhower to "pat him on the back for me." Darlan now feels he should confer with Degaulle representatives but General Clark tells him to postpone any such meeting "until a ~ mere appropo time." Darlan is now concentrating his efforts on two objectives: getting Admiral Godfrey to turn over that part of the French fleet at Alexandria,. and, lining up the visit, scheduled no,f for .saturday, of Governor General Bois son of French · W est Africa. · General Clark is informed py Darlan that General Boisson and General Barrau, the latter commander in chief of armed forces in French West Africa, have agreed, on the basis of reports brought back to them at Dakar by the three emissaries Boisson sent to Algiers, that they will place themselves at Darla.n's disposition. "As a better comprehension of the true situ ! tion in North Africa becomes apparent to the French W est African authorities," says General -Clark, "I am convinced that we ce.n obtain our objectives by friendly negotiation. Darlan points out that the adhesion of Fr ench West Africa is of great importance to our commoneffort. It includes a vast reservoir of manpower; it is the source of a large producti on of lubricants and colonial products; thfir is _stationed at Dakar important element ;an of the French navy, inclu ding the Riahelieu which D arlan suggests be s ent to the United States for completion in an American shipyard. The armed forces inc l ude 75,000 men and six groups of aviation." [,. Nj,1 \ Lieutenant Colonel Raf't"has flown back f r om the south ern Tunisian £ront and he gives General Clark an inspiring picture of the American action there. He tells how the paratroopers drove into Gafsa, were driven out, re-assembled and then drove the Germans out . He tells how mobile 75s destr oyed German tanks and of the courage and r esourcefulness of this American unit so far removed f'rom everyone else. Raft has French troops under his command, giving him a total of about 2,500 men.; He has G �• <" r T . J<:~• ~t,, )Y 3 ( \ , ' been directing the movement of both American and French troops, instructing a Fr ench general on how to deploy his men1 The paratroopers are going to be drB.wn back and replaced by American infantry, r einforced. But Raft, who has done a terrific job, asks, and is granted, the right to stay in the Gafsa area with a Tanlc Destroyer Battalion. Raft reports that the French are fighting with him in great spirit. To illustrate the feeling of Fr ench civi l ians in the frontal area, Raft says th at when his outfit came back and recaptured Gafsa one girl came up, hugged him and said: "Are you married? If you aren't, I want to marry you1" Jack Thompson, a rep c. ~ter who went up with the paratroopers also returns and says that Raft "is like God to those people up there." Before Raft leaves Generei.l Clark ' s office, he has been promoted to a full colonelcy, the silver eeg}9s being pinned over his dusty silver leaves. J Raft is wearing several French regimental insignias, handed over to him by the enthused French soldiers. ' The French shipping problem, gone into so extensively yesterday, is shaping up well. General. Clark says the French "are showing a most cooperative attitude and are clearly desirous of getting their ships into service as rapidly as possible~The following accord has been reached: l-The High Collllllisariat for French Africa retains and holds under its own management the ton nage required for (1) the transport of troops requested by General Giraud between French West Africa and French North .Af'rica upon ap proval of the CommandingGeneral , Allied forces; (2) the maintenance of indispensable economic traffic between French We Africa and French North Africa; st (3) North African coastal ship ping will be maintained on as feasible a sch edule as practicable; (4) the desination of certain ships now in French North African harbor s is agr eed t o but certain ones to proceed t o Dakar "only upon clarification of the situat i on t her e ." l These are other developments during the day: It has been determined t hat the Axis is drop ping "Booby bombs" over the Algiers area. These ar e flashlights, pencils, wallets and other devices that explode when picked up. They have also be en drop ping puncture triangles on airport rw1ways ••• General Wavell asks from India th Rt key officers who planned TO RCH be sent to him so t hey can contribute their experience to the planning of an invasion to regain Burma• •• Once again the weather is bad, raining_ heavily mo of the day, and there is no bombing ••• The general's st trip to the front is again postponed and he begins scouting the possibility of dr i ving up to the fro11t • • •Tonight, the cruiser from Gibraltar begins unloading and more officers and enlisted men flock to the St. Geerge Hotel headquarters • •• Genera l Clark is fairly comfortably s et up in his villa now••• Colonel Slocum has be en instructed to begin laying ground work for activation of the 5th American arr-v ••• General Clark is to have command of th i s but General Eis enhower now indicates th at his Deputy Command er-in-Chief is indispensable ••• Nothing is definite yet, however. * * * ALGI RS NOVEMBER 1942-The Gerlll8.nshave enteridg Toulon and re ports E , 27, reachin g Allied Force headquarters are that the French fleet is being scuttled. Of hi s own volition, Admiral Darlan sends the follo wing message in the clear to the fleet, then dispatches the original to General Clark: "Once again the Germans brea k th eir word and occupy Toulon. I urge the hi gh seas fle et to leave and make for Ora.n where they will be received as friends by the Alli est" But Darlan's plea, and the unceasing efforts of General Clark to get the French fl eet seem in vain. Lat e tonight, fragement ary re ports in dicate the French sent -to �SECRET the bottom, with colors flying, what ships there were at Toulon. The Allies will not get it, but, neither with Germany who needs it much ·norse. For us, it may not be so ill a wind. These ma be the results: y France has lost the last ca.rd she could play against the Germans-holding out the fleet as bait f or amnesty; our chances of getting remnants of the French fleet in Alexandria, Dakar and Martinique are increased greatly; units of the British fleet that have been tied up watching the French fleet least it move, will now be freed for other duty; German occupation of the la.st unoccupied remnant of Metropolitan France will r eact against the Axis and, in theeyes of those who have been frowning upon the North African alliance, the stand and stature of Darlan will increase, making the lot of General Clark that mu.ch easier. This morning, Admiral Darlan, who has been informed of Prime Minister Churchill's revised attitude toward him and who has also been told that treatment for his infantile paralysis stricken son will be admini stered at Rabat, Frenc h M orocco, sends the following note to General Clark: "My dear General: "I think you most heartily for your great kindness in placing the necessary means at my disposition to transport my sick son to Rabat. "I should be grateful if you would thank Colonel Holmes for the great services he has rendered me on this oeoasion. "Would you be good enough to tr ansmit to the Governor of Gibraltar my sincere thanks for the proposal you transmitted to me to have my son taken to Gibraltar. "Please accept, my deal General, the expressicn of my high consideration and sincere wishes. (signed) F. Da.rlan. 11 The difference between the British and American attitudes toward Darlan is starkly illustrated by a cable received by Mr. Mack, foreign affairs liaison officer fro~ the British to Allied Force Headquartars, from the British Foreign office. Mack is instructed as follows: "there is no need for you to pay a formal call on Darlan, though there is equally no reason why you should avoid meeting him. You will also no doubt maintain informal relations with French officials as may be necessary. Consul General will conduct official business with French authorities. He need not pay a formal call on Darlan, though if Darlan wishes to see hi1n he should respond.••" Compare this with the free and easy relaticns between General Clark and Darlan! .. Reports from the front are obscure. Because of continued bad weather that makes flying i:npossible, Generals Clark and Eisenhower decide to leave at 0900 tomorrow by armored car for the front so they can observe first-hand the conditions. This is the most comprehensive report that comes back today: "Attack on .o.,zerte expected 28 November with pos sible use of parachutists. No report on exact situati on around Mateur and Djideida. General situation obscure but resistance not believed severe. Mark Six tanks (German) estimated as 12 to 20 encountered last night vicinity of Djideida. Tanks mount 88 mmgun. Germans executed demolitions of bridge at Taboura. 56th Rrigade exact progress unknown. Has encountered ene~ tanks." The air attack against Axis-held poritions of Tunisia is on from both sides. Bombers and f'ighters from Algeria -are supporting the Allied advance and bombing airports. The first report comes in from the Allied air force operating from the Middle East and Malta. The Tunis docks were bombed last night with 55,000 pounds or high explosives. Hits were scored on petrol dumps, buildings, railway instal- �The generals go east-southeast via Seti£ and Constantine, heading for Guelma w here General Anderson's commandpost is reported to be. The trip is through br own, barren country . The roads are good. Just before entering Constantine, a six-yearold Arab boy- darts out in front of one of the reconnaissance cars and is killed~ It gets dark when the column is 60 kilometers east of Guelma and the la st two hours or the trip are driven in a complete blackout. The road, humpbacked and of well-w.o11n macadam, is slick with dew. All the cars in the convoy are skid ding and finally one of the heavy armored recons slides into the ditch, injuring three men. The two men most seriously injured are put in the baggage truck and the convoy cautiously cree ps into Guelma. In the town, the generals are guided to the hom of a Mr. e Spring, American consul who has come to Guelma from Tunis with the entry of the Germans. Having eaten small lunches while driving, the group eats dinner. General Anderson has moved his colllm!Uld post to Soule Ahras, farther east, so the generals decide to spend the night with Spring and continue in the morning. A British medical major takes the two injured men to a hospital and then l eaves for the ditched recon to look after the less seriously injured men. General Eisenhower obtains a bed but General Clark and Colonel Slocum throw their bedding rolls on cots downstairs. The ~ds bivouac around outside the house . During the trip to Guelma., little military activity was seen . Enroute a few c onvoys were passed, including part of the 6th Armored Ini'antry (American), part of General Oliver's force which General Clark ordered up to aid General Anderson. This unit, becaus e of enemy air reconnaissance, is on a night march and its disc i pline and apperance is excel l ent . While the two top generals are making their way to the front, the r e are important developments at Algiers. Governor General Boissons arrives from French West Africa, and Governor General Nogues is coming from Frenc h M orocco . M eanwhile, arrangements are being made to set up the m ssion that w l visit Dakar fol l owing i il the conferences here. The fol l owing message is received today from Secretary of W Stimson: nwant ar to convey my admiration and appreciation of your (cable to General Eisenho wer) mast er1y conduct of the campaign thus far as wel l as my best wishes for your success in Tunisia. I know it wil l be a tough pull but I am confident that you wil l tlu>roughly succeed." Another congratulatory message has been received £rom the Inter-Am erican def' ense ·board in W ashington. It says: "The Int er-Americ an D ense Board, realizing ef the beneficial results of the campaign in North Africa on the security of the We stern Hem isphere, wishes to express respect£ rand adiniration of the Commanders of the All ied Force i n North Ai'rica and sends its commendations to the Chi efs of the American Armed Forces x x x for the brilliant planning, preparati on and execution of one of t he m ost spl endid campaigns in the history of the world." This is the military situation as of tonight: Bone was under continuous bombing from midnight to 0530. One destroyer bad l y holed. Off Djidjel l i, one petrol carrier sunk. At Tebourba l4 out of 17 German tanks were destr oyed when they atte mp ted a counter-attack. At Djedeida, the 11th Brigade is "clearing up the town" .but lost four tanks by enemyAre ~ outskirts. Bombers called to attac k enemy column r etiring from Djedei da but column gone when planes arrived so they bombed Bizerte shi p1in g. Brid ges at Tebourba and Djedeida destr oyed but repairable. It appears that half the enemy is retiring toward Tunis and the ot her .half toward Sousse . M any stores and materi als abandoned or bun1t by enemy. Axi s air effort on reduced over-al l scale but operatin g in large formations . The Germans are fighting a stubborn retreat but our progress is stea dy . * * * �SO AHRAS-AIDIERS, UIC NOVEMBER 1942-The American generals arrive at General 29, Anderson's commandpost in mid-morning. It is at Laverdure, about six miles west of Souk Ab.ras. The three generals immediately go into conf'erence at the British general's simple and- rustic headquarters. Enroute to the command post, the generals encountered Colonel Darryl Zanuck who reported to them that we did not control the air and that there was dissatisfaction by both British and Americans. Anderson reports that he is satisfied with the air situation; that arrival of more AJ.lied air units has counteracted the dive bombing and strafing the troops were subjected to during earlier stages of the drive to the east. He then outlines in detail the disposition of troops under his commandand reports that he "is pleased with the way things are going." It is decided to move more air and line of comrmmications troops to the front. Communications between the First Army and Al.Lied Force Headquarters has been far from satisfactory. The military situation is that the Axis forces are fighting a rearguard action but that our drive for Tunis and Bizerte is steady. Because of the arrival in Algiers of General Boisson and the importance of pending conferences concerning the status of Dakar and French West .Africa, it is decided to turn around and proceed back to Algiers as rapidly as possible. General lisenhower is a bit under the weather, having developed a bad cold. The conf'erence with General Anderson lasts only an hour. During that time, Colonel Slocum has been talking with Anderson's staff. The 580 llli.le drive back to AJ.giers is started at 1100. In order to move rapidly, the slower armored reconnaissance cars are left behind, to proceed at their safest speed. The armored staff car and two jeeps head for home, pausing only a few times. The final 180 miles are covered after dark but to make time blackout is disregarded. As the cars speed through small Arab towns, jittery air raid precauti on officials blov their whistles and wave their arms. The cars ke ep g9ing with everyone shouting: "Am ericaines." The protest of the gendarmes amount to naught.It is close to midnight when the party returns. Some members have bad sun and windburns. On the return trip the generals• sma·ll convoy passed mile after mile of half-tracks and trucks moving to the front. These were part of General Oliver's command, the tanks having gone up by rail. Their road discipline is good. Back at Algiers, the following cable has been sent :from Secretary of State Hull to General Eisenhower: "The planning and launching of the North .African campaign constitutes one of the most brilliant chapters in our military history and I extend to you and to the army personnel participating my sincere congratulations on a job weL. done. This highly successful operatioo is a real contribution toward final viotory." This is the military: situation for the day: 55 B-17s bombed Bizerte airdrome and docks successfully. Ten enemy aircraft destroyed, two probabl.es, seven damaged. We lost two planes. No fig _ ter sup port because of mud. 17 British Bisleys attaoked h Bizerte airdrome successful l y last night without l.oss. Bone was attaoked heavily during the night with "losses suffered by both sides." British parachutists were drop ped from 44 6-47s near Pont Du Fahs, 55 miles southwest of Tunis at 1100 today. The planes reported a sucoessf'ul drop but what happened. after the chutists hi t the ground is not known. On the basis of a message sent back by Generals Eisenhower and Clark the north quay of Bizerte harbor wil.l be bombed tomorrow. Informati on from Anderson is meager. The 56th Infantry brigade was scheduled to reach a point about 10 miles northwest of Mateur early today. The 11th Brigade is bel.ieved moving :from Teboura to\Vard Mateur. Our tank losses have been relatively light. The remainder of the U.S. armored force has reached Souk .Ahras by road. Colonel. Raff rep orted by �I . . telephone this afternoon that there are no enemy forces between Kairoaun and Tebessa. The airdrome at Gafsa will be ready for use in two days. Governor Boisson holds a preliminary conference today with Admiral Darla.n and governor indicates that he will "cooperate fully" with Darlan and the Allied forces. is prepared, he says, to enter into an agreement which wilJ_ gi've us the facilities of French North Af'rica that we desire. The general tenor of the conversation was that French West Africa will be in the war with us "en bloc." Mr. Murphy. The French West African a, Two new moves are on the griddle. One calls for an invasion of Spanish Morocco if conditions-require it. The situation concerning this hot spot is far from good. The Spanish there are making repeated protests about planes flying over Tangiers f4I1d indicating they might be looking for a pretext to move into the Sebou river region. Undoubtedly they are being agitated by Axis agents. The second move is a drive against Sardinia. It is requested that "planning and preparations be pressed so that n o til)18 will be lost when the decision is made. 11 * * * .A.LJ}!ERS, NOVEMBER 1942-Three problems-increased 50,air activity over the eastern i'ront, preparations for the conference with Governor General Boisson and the ever-more delicate situation in Spanish Morocco-occupy General Clark throughout the day. General Eisenhower is ill with a cold at his villa so the Deputy Commander's day is more hectic than usual. On the basis of discussions with General Anderson, the following air operations for the next 48 hours are decided upon following a conference in General Clark's office with Air Marshal Welsh, Major General (just promoted) Doolittle, Air Vice Marshal Sanders, General Craig and others. Eighteen Bisleys will crack Bizerte airdrome tonight. Tor.iorrow 18 Flying Fortresses, aocoL. anied by l.8 P-58 Fighters, p will attack Tunis airdrome. Eight B-25s, on their first mission and to be accom})-: anied by 12 P-58s i'rom Youks, will · bomb Gabes. At nig _t, 18 Bisleys · will bomb the h airdrome at Tunis. The day' after tomorrow, 18 B-l7s and 18 fighters, will go after Bizer t e airdrome again. Eight B-26s will bomb 1nis airdrome accompanied by 12 fighters. Again 18 Bi sleys will attack Bizerte Wednesday night. It is also decided to ask for the servies of Air Marshal Tedder i'rom the Middle East. The theory is that Tedder, with a great deal of practical experience, can aid the air drive tremendously during the coming critical tYFoweeks in Tunis. Welsh doesn't seem to have the drive or the pra ctical experience necessary. Tedder, who was here for conferences last week, has returned to the Middle East. Regarding the situation in regard to French West Africa, Darlan, Boisson andNogues are now in meetings at which they are straightening out their indifidual differences. In the words of General Clark; nwe are letting them have their own cat and dog fight among themselves. ·Both Boisson and Nogues have demands that they must work out with Darlan. Tomorrow, Darlan, Boisson and Nogues wili have a pre liminary meeting with Mr. Murphy and Colonel Holmes. When the time is r i pe, we will go into confer ence to conclude the deal.' ~ The matters of principle are to be discussed here with all specific arrangements left for consummation in Dakar with a speci al mission that has been dispatched from Washington. It is hoped that a general statement of position can be secured from Boisson before he returns to Dakar. The specific agree ment wo uld be consumated at the capital of French West Africa. General Clark feels it v1 ould be unwise to send Boisson back to D akar "trit hout attempting to reduce the commonunderstanding to writing ••• " �A score of radios come in today concerning the increa sing l y tense situation in Span ,iah Morocco. Almo any move can be expected in the Sebou and frontier st areas. The Bri tish consul general at Tangiers rep ort s that "the £act that the areas have not yet been occupied by American troops is arousing commnet among Spanish circ l es at Tangier xx x inclined to interpret this as tacit acknowledgement of Spanish claim to Sebou region. 11 The region is fuL . of enemy agents who are inciting the Moorish leaders. Repeated protests are coming in concerning flights of American planes over Spanish Morocco. P.J.1 these cascading facts disturb General . Clark. He calls General -Patton at Casablanca and orders him to come to Algiers tomorrow f'or conference. A move might have to be made at a moment's notice. One cable explains the situation: "Indications that Spanish Moroccan Army may be planning sudden move south of Sebou River have been further em hasized by objection of f high commissioners to U.S. Charge d'Affaires, Tangier, over flights of Am erican planes acr oss Spanish territory. Token occupation by American troops of French Moroccan territory north of Sebou river recommended by military atta.che Tangier to prevent a possible Spanis h occupati on that area. Considerable discussion reported among Spaniards over advisability t l~ir occupations this territory ••• 11 The rapid advance into Tunis has slowed down. The report from the fr~nt says: Ground operation remained on a reduced scale today and wil l continue to do so until present sc ale of enemy air ef'fort can be reduced. (This step was ta.ken today by General Clark. He also sent Welsh to the front to conf'er with Anderson). I (Anderson ) have agreed with Welsh to the steps required to acheive this end in air and plans being prepared with object destroying enemy aircraft on ground and denying the m use certain airfields. 11th Infantry Brigade in contact with enemy on western outskirts of Djedeida and on southwest slopes of steep escarpment which divides main val l ey Djedeida and Mateur. They require short period in which rest and reorganize before they f'it to continue offensive. Same applies to 56 Infantry Brigade who failed capture very pronounced feature comm anding valley through which they must advance toward Mateur . Blade force remains in central reserve and provides offensive patrols one or which today destroyed two enemy tanks. The u.s. tank unit is concentrating in the general area south of line Medje to El Bab-Beja. The 56th Reconnaissance Regiment and parachute battalion are operating offensively over vride area n~b of general line Oudna-Massioault both of which occupied by enemy. Air· activity on reduced scale thro.ugh out day. Successful bombing raid carried out against enemy occupying Djedeida. Our fighter squadrons re i nforced to limited ext ent . " 11 General Clark ' s entire afternoon is filled with catching up on t he hundreds of cables that have come i n during his two day absence at the front. He's literally buried under papers through out the day. At one point ha exclaims: "The hel l this isn't a paper war and who said our communications weren ' t working. Just look at t hi s stuf'ftn * * * ALGERS, DECEMBER 1942-General Clark is decorated by General Ei senhower I l, today with the Distinguished Service Meda l l The decoration cer emon is held, in bright Mediterranean morning sunlig ht, on y a second story porch of the St. George Hotel. The citation is read by Colonel Davie of AG and then Genera l Eisenhower pins the medal on his Deputy Commander's tunic. The event is photogra phed by both still and motion picture cameras. High ranking officers, including the four other of f icers who accompanied General Clark on the submarine - r endezvous trip and who are to rec-eive their Legion 0£ M erit decorations soon, st and behi nd in a semi-circle centered on a color guard and t he U.S. flag. �S GRET n l -:)0 There's quite a drama.tic story behind this morning's decoration cere~ ony- -a story that few know and a story stretching back 25 years. After General Clark was wounded in France during the fir st World War and following his release from the base hospital., he was sent to the G-4 section of the Fir st Army. C-enral De W e itt was his section head . General Clark was in charge of supplyin g troops in the Argonne s ection. He had to select railheads, round up the supplies and se e that t hey moved on schedule to the active sector. Just before the war ended, General 1IDe W itt recommended Clark to be a major, at the age of 21 . He also ' wrote a let t er r ecomm ending Clar k for the Distinguishe d Service Medal, saying he "knew of no one more deserving." When the Second Army was formed, General Bullard asked for Clark to be executive officer of: the G-4 section but he stayed with De 'i,itt . The substitute sent in General Clar k' s place got the D.S. M and Genere,l Clark knew "fro m com . parison of my work that I was entitled to the Distinguished Servic e M edal." The stor y then leaps the years to 1955 when General De T Yitt, th en in the Phi lippines, wrot e the W Department to the effect that he had had lots of time to ar ref:lect on Clar k 's work and that one of his gre at regrets was that his r ecommendation of the D.8 .M. for the young officer had never been consumated. Again, ,he wrote Cl ark a marvelous reco mm endation and citation . The recomm endat ion went before t he board ma times but ther e was no action. Durin g the "lean years" of the 1930s, ny many D.S.M. 1 s were awarded for administrative jobs and, again, §enera~ Clark was r ecomme nded, t hi s time by his Corps commaner . Clark f elt that he didn't w d ant a D.S.M. in that fashion . Again the story bounds ahead-this time to the off:ice of General Y .arshall just before Genera l Clark went overseas last July . After saying gooHbye and just as he star t ed to leave , Genera l Clark was stop ped by General Mar-shall. "Your wor k as Chief of Staf'f of the Arm Ground Forc es has been outstanding , " Genera l Marshall y said . Your plannin g of t he army buildup alone is a feat entitling you to the D is tingu i s hed Service M edal. I have recomm ended you on more than one occasion but for reasons I can ' t give you at the present time, the decoration has not been ma . de This st ory runs through th e Genera.l ' s mind as he stands in the warm sunli ght being decorated by the award he has coveted--and which he has earned-for s o long. It t ook almost a quarter of a century until tbl,re, final l y, it bangs on hi s chestl The Spani s h M orocco situation demands almost all of General Clar k 's attention toda y. I t begins to look as thoug h he wil l go to Oran to take char ge of it and to form the Fifth Army, first army of th i s war to be formed out side the limit s of the U nite d Stat es. Fol l owing discussi on wit h Gener a l Clark and various key perso nnel , includ i ng politic al experts of the U.S. and G eat Brit ain, General Eis enhow se nds· r er t he f'ol l.owing cable to Gener al Marshall: "Indication of increa se d Axis subversive activit y in th e r egion of Spani sh Mo ro co and evid ence of some Axis concentration s al ong the Pyren ee s bor der have r convinced me that complete c oor di nation of prepar ation in that r egion mu t be s acheive d at once. To accompli sh t he necessary coor dination, I int end, as U. S. Theater comman er, i mm d ediate l y to estab li sh t he U. S. Fi.fth Army wit h Lieut enant General Clark in command He will act ually es tab l ish hi s headquart er s at Oran as . soon as cur r ent activity . here wil l permit but, in t he m eant ime, wil J. take activ e char ge of coor dinati ng di spos i t i ons and pr eparat i ons in the cent1·al and western ar eas . This wi l l compe his ear ly r elief as Deputy C- in-C but I f eel that th i s can l b e done on my oYmaut hor it y as A llied C- in-C and wi thout r ef erence t o the Co mbined Chiefs of Staf f . Request ra dio confirma t i on . " General Pat t on arriv e s fl-om Casabl anca short l y af t er noon and G ener al Clark �l5 1 spends most of the remainder of the day in conference with the Commander of the Western Task Force. Since a large nUJ1Derof troops have been drawn from the Oran region to give added strength to Genertl Anderson's force fighting in Tunisia, any units that might be used to occupy the Sebou River region or take action against any Spanish Moroccan moved must come f'rom General Patton's command. He recommends use of the Third Division. General Patton is staying over until tomorrow. Mr. Murphy and Colonel Holmes meet today with High Commissioner Darlan and Governor Generals Boisson and Nogues. They report back that the Frenchmen are . getting their dif'ferences settled and that Boisson does not want to return to Dakar without some kind of a written statement from the American officials. Murphy says Boisson is ready "to go along with us." The situation at the fronts British, American and French troops are driving to separate the Axis force. OUr troops are about 15 miles f'rom Tunis and about 22 from Bizerte. They are forging ahead but the rapid advance is slowing down because the Axis troops are now getting concentrated in a tight corner~ British · and American paratroops have been drop f ed about 50 miles south of Tunis to thwart either reinforcements coming up or else to heckle a retreat. Air activity continues over the entire Tunisian area with bombings and fighter sorties against ground troops. Daylight bombing raids were made against Bizerte, Sousse and Gabes. Om- forward units are maintaining strong pressure on the enemy's position in the vicinity 0£ Mateur and Djedeida. In Southeastern Tunisia numerous patrols, including French, have damaged enemy installations. a wedge between Tunis and Bizerte ) (Note: Henceforth, this diary will not deal with matters in such detail. The general's days are filled with innumerable conferences on every conceivable kind of subject. To conserve time and space, only the highlights will be hit.) Late tonight General Clark is informed that Washington bas ap proved his headat the earliest possible date, the Fifth United States Armyl He will go to Oran, probably, at the earliest paa.cticable date. ing, * * * ALGIERS, DECEMBER 1942-"Authority 2, is granted you to activate Fifth headquarters designating Lieutenana General Clark ~s the A:rmyCommander." Army This is the message that is received f'rom General Marshall and the message that will start General Clark on a new tangent with a new command. He begins laying the groundwork. He bas already decided on his key officers: Chief of Staff, Brigadier General Al Gruenther; G-1, Lieutenant Col onel Frank Markoe; §-2, Colonel F.ddie Howard; G-3, Colonel Art Nivens; G-4, Colonel 11Addie" Adcock; Air Officer; Colonel Guy Gale; Adjutant General, Colonel Cheney Bertholf; Headquarters Com andant m Lieutenant Colonel C.C. (Smitty) Smith. The general in order to concentrate on ' training and tactics and avoid being buried in pape; work, plans on a streamlined headquarters. General Clark wants to have his headquarters several kilometers west of Oran so he can be near an airfield and away from interruptions that would impede him in Oran proper. At Oran, he plans to have a base section under General Larkin to handle mo~t o£ the paper work. Colonel Smith is flying_ to Oran tomorrow to meet Colonel Nivens and search for a site for Armyheadquarters. The general orders the above key personnel--plus Colonel TommyLewis who, probably, wil l be the Artillery Officer - to report to him here f'rom Oran. It probably will be ten days before the general starts formation of headquarters. \., � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, November 11 - December 1, 1942 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from November 11 to December 1, 1942. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/805 Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/d6f84571659ba042f22059106a7499b9.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=ablz-yZLOJ43c-n0n3hu3%7E7o4eZfnfUVrgnru%7Eg1J5IGpEXnf8HCpEIIZw%7EzJzFalr7TWXE9BmdYXnnthuGnC3hQuPrBKo8dIy-sK0sAbhaFCkLCqmpfR1cSt%7E1vQkDD7bNQIjczYhxAcwXurhJkKssBPKVsYRr8UT4fQIeVzIjakxNGfDs5LwtMNtFb9ym-9YlJhj35S7oK6%7EgYjrvf-AY8-gFY5Q-vvt9diiGFRaQ3gJTnbW4FqKhOQZQ3mJqAX6M8Hh3H9w72VbeYs31mqrELnGtyKnb5eW182H5q1apNkB5xNDhFdMlDYeV4x0CqqHlENlEedtu4vZrmr9rNmw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f24ef4e931cfe5b19ae671357c410c7a PDF Text Text 99 THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM the spot ,. nt5. I agree those of my units er· partisans with the m op"')rt:i.ting to the wec;t of that line will come under your command. 11 f 6. I agree and thank you for your suggestion thi:,t the closest contact is necessary between our and your troops as soon RS they meet in order to coordj nate their oJ'("'rRtions ag~:iinst the common ~nemy. 11 r7 . In Rll the above mentioned rireas of operritions of my troops our militar:r and civil authorities will naturally (queried) continue to function .' 11 • * * * FLORENCE--Tv1AY 3, 1945--The General arrived at his headqu."1rters at 0900 hours this morning and had his conference at 0930 . At 1000 hours this .morni'1f; Ha,j . Gen. Cherriere of Genernl Juin 1 s staff cane to F'Y his respects to G ,mms 1 ClRr}r . This morning Genernl Cl11r1, ma.de a rf'}cording for a broadcast in his conference hut for the XII Air .Fore~ on groundair cooperation . Th~ General spent th, entire afternoon in his office working on papers and conferrin~ 1ith hi s staff , retrirninr, to his villa for the night . ( General Clark today replied to President 'J'rumant s cable of congratulations as follows : Your message deeply appreciated . I am furnishing R. copy to every American soldier under my comMand. We stand ready to continue the fi~ht against Japan." 11 General Clark this afternoon dictated the following material for his diar y : "The Prime t,'inister , in his announcement of our victory befor~ the House of Commons, had the following to say : 111 This surrender :r:uts us into very close ·touch w.ith the rosition of the U. 'S . armies in the north . Not only ·has a VA.st area of territory, vital in its character, fallen into the hands of the Surreme Comriancler, Sir Farold Alexander , but the actual surrender '·" hich has tnken place , so far ns comprising numb~rs , constitutes , I believe , a record for the whole of' this wrr , ann it must be helpful to furthe-r events for which we have been looking. 11 t1J'his Army in Ital y , A!"leric11.n and British, coml"Wnded by our trusted general , and having uncll'!r him Gen~ra.1 M~:irk Clark, who is an efficient and daring American soldier, hns had a marvellous record since they fi1rst landed in the Peninsula - the landin,; at Sal'-'rno, and the tr ~mendous fip;hting at Jlnzio , vhcn we tried a turning movement to Rome . �too ( the en my aortlw ards h.., s placed an enormous effort upon thes troops, nnc1 has 1J en attended by v ry h B:vy losses , in stubborn fightin~ ., What has made it pPrticubrlv difficult c: nd cl pressing to this a.rmy is the tr P1endous im.. oads the t have be"n m!1de on it , in order to h,lp forward op .rations elscwher tt 1- Driving "Thus, in Jun and .Tuly, what very n~c rly amount d to :m arr11y was tak Jn from t 10s e in Italy, whil"' only a SMRll corr~ spondine withdravrn.l took place on th~~ e11~my' s side . Quite recently, a f w 1'\'Jonths c go , fe ..,l:i nr; t 1at :lt ·muld probably bo ~yond tbe strenrrth of this army to make a decisive attack, we mov . . d rmo_th ,r large a d1 tion of di visions to the T'"'stern Front, and som~ others ,·rent to Gre~ce .. Th s , this army was an Prmy stripp d of its str .,ngth., e.nd was facing c.n enemy fore hich, o all purnoses of ··1ar, must hP ve been cons id .,r d far stronger, .,ca.us it had th., duty of d ,f ndinF; mountain ranges :me , aft~J· ·rard s , plains flooded ;vith autumn and w:i.nter rains; v1hich c rtainly, in the number of divisions ., exc,ed~ tho e who w,r, left to attack him .. n ' Moreov .,r , this orce left to attack , as I pointed out in my m.,,ssage of congratulations to Al,xander, wer.., of so mnny diff rent nations that only some p r.ona.l::ty of commanding qualities could have held th ... m c 11, and voven t em together . n Look over the vrhoL liot of these men v.rho f'ought , ta.king our own contribu ion fir t !hich was the larg st - British r-md Britj sh Indian divisions of the hip;hcst quelity . n In addition to Briti_sh Inriian divisions w ,. had Pol foug t ,, j_th the r-;r ,atest loyal t.r; Ne-vr Z .,alamfors, uho hl ve the wa, from th" J1'ginning righ.t u , to tl e very sp t1rhce,d VP.nc th Sou"",h Africa . Armored Di vision, very f orwru: d in s who hav~ marched a.11 of th~ adthe fray ,:-re t forces of thu United States , / second Th re have 1J 1... n .;r~~zilian f orcP-s , .. rhich have made very steady advanc~s; a 1Tegro i vision of United St?.tes troops wh.c has also distinguish,d its,l; the Je1ish Brigadv which we f orm~d a year or so ago anrl which hr-- s fought j n t}1e frontline with com·age; ,Tap, nese of Am,.,ric~n birth •.rho .nt~r ,d rrurin; and finally, · Fr e Itc lians who hav ., plnycd th ,ir p::irt j n clearing th ,ir country from t e G~rman-fn.scist yoke . 11 Th re have b en th .in numbers only to our own n r All thes , forces , wea1renec as th :r hP d been, wer ~ not discouraged .. Divided n.s th ,y ~ ..,re h;.r rRci.-::i.l diff,,renc s, th,y were tmit.~d and resolved upon th.,ir purpose . And now th ir r ,11rard is cor11e , and J am v ,ry glad it h:~s come , t a tim~ wh,n it can be singl~d out, and st(nds out as bringinp: to the conclusion the vrork of as P-'allant an army as v ,r marched , and il'ings to th., itch of fa.m., and military reputat·on a comm nd r .·:rho ha.s nlvm,ys ., I may say, .:.nj o ~d the fullest confidence of t 1e House of Commons . t1 t Repl ing to ques.tions , Churchill said that th the surrender on his own r sponsibilitye Germa.n g ,nlff'ral made �lo\ n These discussions hr. v been of a highly rrivate nature for some t1me . At times, they hav appep,red mor~ hopeful than at oth~rs, but for the last two c.ays I hnve 1:nown vrhct rrms comin~, but one was not certain thnt it mii{ht not be sm~tched a~ay at h last mom ,nt . Th~refore, ~r ,at s.Jcr cy .vas n,c ssary . n 'In rn .ntionj_ng all na t·i on~_lities, I would point out that there is a tr m. ndousl, pow . . rful Am rican Air Force ·with a strong British Air Force; also a v ,ry large c ~tach:m ,nt of th ., British Navy, who hr>.v ., , tlu--ou :,hou-.,, .en th mainstay and sustenance and shi ,1 of the rho 1 of land operatj ons ., 11 0 General Frc . ½erg' s troops occupjed Trieste and accepted th surrender of the German garrison there at 1630 hours , May ?nd Do not have t ~ count, . ut a.priar ,ntly th., G r:r.ian ea.rrison is hrge There was not a single memb,r of Tito' s fores to be found in th town even tough Tito had announced to the vorln thc:>t his forces had captur,d 'Trieste . I put the conmunique out that vm had occupied the town ahd accepted the surrender o:e the G .. rmnn garrison . I omitted any ref nee to th absence of fito 1 s forces . 1/ 11 G.,neral rriruscott phon~d tht:'t in carrying out my instructions to send strong detach.ments to the Italian-Austrian frontier in order to block the ithdrawal of G rman troops under the terms of the surr~nder he was afraid vht1t t f 1~ht vmuld be resumed ., lem ,nts of th 1st German arachute Division v1ho hr .ve stopped fj ghting elt that th t stay put t order arr li ,d to Allied troo s as ,,.,. ... 11 as to German.. I directed Truscott not to advanc and under no cond:itions to cause a re. s1.1tnption of th., fight In my r ... port by phone to Alexanrler th:is norning on th, YuF;oslRv s··tuation ., J inform .,d him of my secision, in 'Ihich he concurred . I a.lso told Alexande1 today that the Eighth Army had picked up Field Marshal Tito ' s son in th~ Padua area . AppRr ntly he had Mn ightin~ wi_ th the Italian rartisans . Thinking that this Jrnowfodge might J a trump card in Alexande1 1.s hands in n ,gotiation with Tito I phoned him this infor .ntion r-rnc told him I "'l as sending Ti to r s son o Gas rta Alexander f ,lt the t this ,ould be v ry helpful . HAll j_nstructiorts n.re rrern.red 8.nd Rrrani:;ements P1rrli, to re.cei ve the (}.,rman delegn.tion whnn they com I hope to have Truscott and McCr er~r ncl Chidlaw with me if co 1ditions at th front :vill .rmi t . n j Quoted belovr .is the text of conv .,rsn.tion b t •,recn G ncral Clark and Fi ,ld f,,nrshal Alexander .t 2000 ours this ev~ning: "G.,neral Clark stAt d th2.t Ge n ,ral McCr .ry had reported that the situation in th Trieste area :1as generally unsatisf ctory because of an evid nt lack o un orstandirns betw~en the HiRh Comman.c1 of the Yugoslav rmd Allied forces ., The YuR"oslev forces r ,re surprised to s e c our troops ast of the I sonzo " Yugoslav :ore s ::r no ·.r nov::i n~ in to t e area i fairlJ lar e numbers , ~sp cially in Tri st and Gorizia . At ,tronfalcone ,. t e tom l''h r. G .,n rnl Hrrdinir' s he dqur-i.rt .rs is locat .,d , t Yuf;osl vs will hold om~ sort of .,lection on r · y 4. General I I ��lD2 ( Freyb ,rg is h:wing difficulty in the port of Trj ,ste Jecause he does not know exactly hat port faci l ities Rr, n~Lded . A senior officer from APHQ is n eded o in ica.t Bxactly what fR.cilities ;:ire n eded so that n ,gotiations can be conducted on the ground with th.., Yugoslnv commander . General McCreery will cLlRy hi. a.dvanc .. on Pola until trie situ Jton in the Trieste area has be n clarified Th advance of Eighth Army trnops to the north has met resistance in the nei~hborhood of Gemona . The enemy thJre refuses to surr..,nder G nerc.1 McCre ry has not een able to id ntify th troops , nor is he certaJn th.ct they arc under cornmrmd of C-in-C Southwest . ) General Clark nl. o informed the Field rfBrshal th0.t on tnc Fifth Army front the 1st Parachute Division and an lem.rmt of the 2-?r~th / ./ Division ad declin ,d to surrend Jr .,cRuse the surr ..,nd .,r order h8d not V yet r~ached th:.-m .. It ar ears thr-.t th~ commimder of the 1st Pn..rc Corps has not yet ran,.,mi tt d th., orders to his suborclinri t es . G.merf' 1 ClArk inforned Fi ,ld M::,,rshal Alexand r thB.t h~ has issued ord rs to t .I"! Commandinr.t G neral, Fifth Army and th., GOC , Eighth Army to move .orc-s northward as rapic;ly HS possible to ex cute pr .,viously assignr;d missions , but that c.rmed conPlict with Ger1rian units was to e a:·roided e:xce t in the event that he .,nemy commits an ov _,rt hostiL act . Genr-•re,l Clark xplainec1 that p ndini:; the Arrival of the G,rmPn ro rescntativ s consider ,d tht1.t he was CRrrying out the in~tructions of t 1e Field fliarshal by avoiding unnccessar;c 8 nAd con-':lict . - -11 I ( flThe Field TTarshal inform d G0w:,rnl t'la.rk thr-:.t 1e a.greGd vri th rw,,..rything thr-it G~neral C1a.rk hcd said; thPt he had full confidence in G...,n.,ral .. lrirk 1 s .stimate o.f th ., sitmition anct his nbility to take the roper action; th2t h cnncurrec=i' in th .., view that r>rrn~d coi flict should be avo:ic~ed at this tin~, especially 4 n view of th, f,- .c t that there wr-i.s bound vo be some delay in the c iss ,,mination of orders . He furth~r ) stated that ,:, ad received a mer·sage from iVk·=tr hal Tito w ic'.l indicAted th;:i.t the mi~under trindings had probably novr been a d justed , pnd thPt he felt confident that this inform8,tion v1ould soon gBt do m tc tl , forw~rd troop elements . The "'i ,lr.1 MR.rshal stated th..,t h., would scnc1 rrope p8rsonn,l to assist Ge n rn.l Hnrdinr; in th, selection of port facilities , an0 to advise General I _rding on politicA.l matt rs pe culiar to the Y1 : =;oslav problem . 11 * * * FLORE TCE--r1AY 4, 1945 At 1000 hours Generals ~1 ruscott, ncCrecry and (jhidlav-1 vJith their r e sp ,ctive Chiefs of ;3· aff, G.,ne'.rRl CPrlcton , Brigadier Floyc a.nd Colone l Boettig r ?rriv ,d at Gen . . rP.l CL- rk 1 s office . At 1030 hours assembled in Grmerttl ClP.rk' s office were · his Army Conmanckrs, the~ r Chi~fs of Staff , Gencrnls Gru ,nth ,r }3"rann, Tr>·L,e, ColonJl fonfort G- 5 and the following correspondent 0 : r atrick E-3mi th, BBC; i- 1" Fag ,nee , London Di: ,ily Herald; J .. Robinson, FHB; L::mdrw11 al.ling 0v ..,rseas ·r:.w•3 Serv:tce; 1':J. 1 v r ;;do:r Chicago Sun; A Fa mmonc , r cmsley 'Lwspap,~:rs; H G. 1: ing, Tit, L. 1.fl1i t ~, Chicago Daily ~rews; l . Lessin,o;, E .... )1an p-e 1 ,l ,gr, .ph; (korge ,ryia , AF; Desmond 'T'igh, R~ut rs; E .. C. Aquilar, Reuters; Rit~, ,.Iume, Hf'; Clet Robert s , Dlu, ;\f.etwork; r"L1s on urdd,t, CBS, Uilli:J.m Alexr:.nd ✓r, Oklahoma Tim . . s . �/ ' 0 · ~. ~ ,,, / ;~ r -i,, ~ / ~ (1, 1 ~ i- /. t . LY . 9(1 .~ o--tl ~ • ~ . l( ./ 9~·, . ~ e . . , . ~ ~ ~ . e , / . ..,/ ,,.- I ~Q/ �f Gener:=-.1 ion S n~ .,r who cornrrtrnd ,d xnr Panz .,r lforps at this time report .,d o Gen . .rn.l Cl"'r. s th, rcrres. ,nta.ti v ., o: t , , G0r"l11r-in Comman( erin·.. Chief, ~·outhuest for ord.__,rs from G .,n ·,ral lnrl.e.: for th s 1rr ,n-~ r of G rma.n land forces . Inmediat~ly aftor G n re.l Von ~,-ngt:..:r 1 ,ft G,.~n Jral Clar k t s off ice , th, G ,n ,:cal id goodbye to his Army CoT'l.nanders rm . held a bri fing in his Har Room for the above mentioned corr .,spondents . he G neral lune ed at his headquarters with · egul J." m mb rs of his mess and at 1430 oner on S .. ngcr was brought to G .,n rril Cla.:rk to confer . The text o wil l be quot d at the · sion of todayt s diary W , 9ii.-.. 1 ... ~ <;, _....~""'G+'\..n-.1. , At 1700 th G ,neral return .,d to his villa for th... V\'.:ning . At noon today G ,n .,ral Clro"'k dicta u d the follo rfing material for inclusion in.his diary. . "At ., ctly 1030 hours this morning, :ay 4th Gener 1 of PPnzer \ Troops Von Scnr:..,r reported to m. in my office at my cornn .nd i:o~t in \ Florene-- ns th, re Jr ,sentativ~, of Gon.,ral Von Lt i.nghoff fo_ order to r ..,cvive ray instructior1s~rovid~c. . or 111 1.e termd of th, uncondi tional sm-rencler which ·van Victin_'.)hoff ' s r . . pr ,s ,ntntive hr:..d signed nt .AFHq several da~rs ago . 11 I had with me on my r:i.ght Lieutenant Gen ,ral ?cCr ,ery, Command ing r~ .,n~ral of th , ";r:1 tish 1~i ,hth Army; on his righ v : :2 j or G nff..,Tr· l C lidlaw , Co1mnand1.ng n-cne~o.l of th XII Air Force; c nd on my l ,ft Lieut ,-r1ant G ,n Jral r;•ru ..,co-tt Cor:rn~nding Gtmi .ral of the Fifth American Army m m .,rs of the press , of-f'icial rhotogre.ph ,rs and s .,v.__ral stnff officvrs . . 'Gcnert1l 'on Sen~ ,r cane in , salute r.nd gnve me t r ✓ rort in die t d abov repli-.,d that 1 assumed that he had full a11t.1ori ty to imrlem..,nt tht., uncon itional surrende1· · terr1s . He r, lied h,, di<1 have . then handed him the instr 1.etions rind told him the t he muld th ,n go Tith th . . members of m..r stnff , includin cir r pres~ntativ s, to a conference which G, ~r[ll Gru nth~r would 1old in order to study th ... s, instructions nd iscuss them in rl ., nil. I told him thrt if th re w ~re any irr~concilnble orders th could not be S4'ttled in confer nee that he p .,rsonally .rnnlc~ ~ring them to my attention . 1 11 B ( v. _ lov, is son dn.ta on General Von S n:.;,er H is t~.11 a d tliin and ap )Mr ,d to ·:1 ~ gr .Jatly mov _,cl on this occasion . His attitucL appears n.t first glance 1.,0 b on of complete cooper8.tion G n . . rol Jon Sen~,"' wns born near Ko·n.stanz, aden in 1~91 . He s .. rved in World War J as a rcserv officer ., _n th ·✓ interval b tween wnrs , h, sa.w s1,rvice rith cavalry units A.nd complet ,d a G- ,n ral Staff course . In 1940 he was he:"1d of th Germnn del .Jgation at he ,._,rench Armistice Commission , and in 1941 and 1 42 Yas s .,nior Germrm liaison off i .c er ·vi th tll Its. lian Armistic f:omrnittee . In pril 1943 h, commanrl ,d the 17th F2.nze1-- Di vision a.nd rre.s cited in Octob r of the same year for th~ er .,ditable mann r in rvhich the ,,vacuation of Corsica uas cnrriea out . r~arly in 1944 hf~ was f'ppointed as comP1an ~cr o-f: :av Fanz~r Corps , r . . plncing I me , who left in ovember , 191+3 . Appar ,ntly a cosmopolitan t .,, h, studied - ��Eno;lish at Oxforrl from 1912 to 1914, and is m~rried to an Englishsp~akin<s vrife Scio to b, rmch intere t d in horses and horse ~hors, in ,{ cping with his bac)rground as a. cav.o lry officer . 0 He indicated the gr at di '"'ficulty his com111ander was having in transmittinr") ord,rs, du, to poor communications in th, mountains , :1.nd th, -Pnct that t cy Wt'}re b .5 nr; continually har as.--cd . partisa.ns . H , told G 11,,ral Grucnth ,r that only th ay be ore ;rest rda~r th pnrtisans attack ,d G<1n ro.l Von Vi tinghofft s h a qur-trtcrs at '3olsano ''here forty of hi people YTCrL killed . He hn.d great difficulty comin~ dmm t . e Br ,nner rond and would h:we be.,n kill d hy parLJisans had it not been for the int rv ntion of '"'~veral A!i1erican offie .,rs v1ho shi , ld d him 11 "I hnve r .-rorted these full d t,. ils to Fi ld Parshril ALxand r by phon 1 told Mm that I had issu.,d· instructions to these parti- . sans to c~ll off their offensiv , :mt I con w~ll i agin th dif±''iculty of rs tting word to all of th ·,ir b2nd s at isolat d plnces in the Alps . 'l'he G mans are now pP..ying for th..,ir rolicy of terror nnd destruction in Ital.r rt is w~ll unrlerstanr1;:1bl, ho ~r th..,,se p, ..rtisqns who h:w1' b 1 fir ,d to J1thusiasm by my instructions , thorou ,.b ly arm_..d and told to wait for their or,portunity for the kill He gav th ,m th, sj ~nal to go in for tho kill a short tim, ago , e,nd it is ett hR.rd to squ~lch all that ardor by radio rn ,ssages . The best way to hancll., it is to g_.. t A crican troops up in t ,.,re , and we ar , trying to do thr:i.t . t I ffHeavy motor and hose-drawn mov m.. nt north in e,he Br.,nn r disturbs me gr atl .. • T.he air reports 1,000 horse-drav- n .ve-,hicl ,s anc 500 mixerl with muc cjvilfan tr( +-'fie moving north in th., Dr .nner throur!,h Bolsano ~v ,n had I d ,cid .,d to bonb tb .. s. vehicles yesterday, Yreath r ''roulrl not hnve permitted Wee thor sti] 1 prev .,nts it toclrv ., orr-r~v .. r, _ do not de si e to attack nor to bring on aey mor c hostilities . I cant irnag:i.n., where these troops ar~ gojng unl,ss a last ditch sk.nd by so111.., fc nR.tical troops of the l;::it J a Corps at the Brenn ✓r . HI 'lPV told G ,n rHl mruscott to bend _,very vffort to get my liaison group h ,ad ,d for Von i L ti n~hoff 1 s headqtwrt rs , togeth ,r with the air and navFi.l partLs , as .ast as possjble; that he vdll use el .,ments of the 10th D~~v:ision to get th~M. throueh . I 111ust ,stablish my adio communication dir t ~ith · ietinghoff . The 85th Division, on the east , as· Pdvanc ,d almost to th Aus ·1 rian horner vi thout opposition . It is only in thn cent r 17h r, el - . m",nts of ..,h , farn'.ltic l<:;t ara Corps h_flv , preif nt _,d our novem nt . Th y appar .. ntly hrnre n .v ,r received th, instructions . This is . Jing worked out wf t GenerB 1 Von Sengur h r , • 11 The 75 Corris in the west is surrend~rinr; . '1cCr .,ery1 s situ... tion in Tri .st, r .,mains r, .,licrt .. . Alexander is sendi.ng a f;rn message co Tito . I have authorized nccr~-~ry to move th, 91•3t Division up west of th Isonza aNl old him th.qt a show of strength may help . r am 11 �j ( convinced that Pield Marshal Alexand.,rts visit to Tito resulted in m ny misunderstandings We must rr ,t a firm uriderst ndj_ng at the top to 8.Vo d dif ficulty . I have directed ·· oth McCreery and 7ruscott ·thc .t und r no conditi ons will t'1e, bring on a fight ~ithcr with tho G.rmans or u jth the Yugosla:vs l1cCreery s column advancing on Villach is making good progress against no opposition 11 Last night I sent Field Ih:1rshal Alexander the following telegram: UTQonf:irming my conversation with you this evening, th 1st Parachut Division has refused' to surrendAr, stating that no surrend ,r orders hav, been received from higher ·headquart rs. Part of ?7~ Division undJr 1st .}ara Gor . s has also receiv,d nq surre nder orders . It is probnble that Com mantling G_,neral 1st Para orps ·:ha·G not rassed surrender orders to su ordinate units . Th~re is also opposition on Gen ral :cCreery s front in the area. of G'P,PO TA but no irlentif1.cation of troops there has een· made ,. As I explained to you T have issued ord ... rs to oth Army Corrrnanders to send forces northward to xecute assiP-;ncd missions as rapidly as poRs ibl , but that armed conflict is to be avold .,d . ~ hav1' just been ad.vis .,d .that th., Germr-m representa.t:i.ve s :r om C in-C South1·. rest will arrive here on th ., morn..:. ir,i.g of 4 May and I ,x )Cct that w. .., ·hall e r>bli.., to rectify the situ.B.ttorr at that timc . 1 H After having seen General Von Seng rat 1400 hows this afternoon, GJneral Clark dictated th following: I have just had a long conversation with G...,nere.l on Senger. I am impressed wit his abil~ty and g~nu:i.ne desire to help solve this proble m., \ The principal point he has mn.de is t ho one th2.t his troops hate the Italians and disli '" e very rmch tho thouP,ht that they are to be dr .. gged out of the monnta:i ns back into the Po alley v:rh Jre th~y uill b~ subj ct d to the Italian j nsults He feels thr t ma.ny of th, sold :L ,rs 2.re deserting 1 n on ,ff ort to get to their homes Thri.t would 1Je c natural inclination for a ma.n as I see it, a.nd there is nothing to stop them excert the armies coming dovrn from the· north because my troops hnv not be ,n c ble to negotiate th mountain roRds north to get around behind them-at the pres nt time . Vfe are trying to do that 11 ur hav, just talked with rrruscott to speed him on to Balzano and to if he couldn -t effect the assembly o.. the units in the mounta:tns and gradually brinr; th .,m down into the foothills . :-C na n ... ral Von S nger assur d m , thet G n r nl Von VL tj nghoff is sinc0r .,, cooperativ and doing C\r ,ryt ing h, can to facilitc te thls surrender . urnciden ally I have r ceiv ,d rndj ofi,rams of congratulations :Crom all over th world . Th~y will b included in the diary later n Gen ral Clnr ,. talk d vJ"i th Gen ral PcCreery on t L phone this and dictated the following v:ith r..,f ronc to his conv:-rsation: "I vening ave just t ..,lephoned at 1820 to General rncCr ,ery adyising him of ) �\Db th ~xc ange of radios b ,tween Ti to and Alexander -1hich were getting us no place I am s nding this rad· o on to rqc reery. I told I.1cGreery that ) h must 1e strong in Trieste and in Gorizia nnd provide for his line of communication rom Trieste to GoriziA. and arvisio into Austria . He · told me that h, rras quite stron and was noving the 56th Division into Gor1zie. n General Clar:: today cab d G ., neral Truscott as fallows: "Confirming 01:ir conversation, I cannot cnphasize too strongly the importance of stopping gu rilla pPrtisan action again t the G,rman force~ . Urgent as quickest me thod thau v1.!f_thout engaging in arm~d conflict your troops advance into tho,::> areas ';1h . .,re parti an-> a.r'"' P cti ve against th~ G rmans pru.--·vicufarly to B0LZAH0 It iq most impor L-ant thnt your troops occupy that town at arliest tirrk, to insur., that G ,n ral 1 on Viet j nghoff can effectiv .,ly control and dir ct is forces in complying with surrend r t rms tr T e Army Group Comrriander this ._, vcning sent the follo1 Ying cable ··o General 1l1ruscott summing up the French sitl.18.tion: "l. In order o · assist 15th Army Grou spring o fensive 6 Army Group v re asked to simulate an attack on Franco-Italian fronti .,r by using _ec ption methods int..,nsive pe rollin~ in central sector and operations on coa~1.,al s ctor ya force of not more than one RCT . It was consicered that operational ben ..,fit ov~rcam all political o jections 2. i rly in April above r....,otrjctions w..,r, rcmov c1 and ranch started active opex·a ions along entir front with the following line as maximum limit of advance . Junction Italian Fr-nch and s~iss frontiers - Pr~ St Didier - G an Paradiso rnountain - C ,res - Bussoleno - F Jnastrelle Crissolo - r.uneo - Imp ,ria . 11 n3. On 27 April this hq informed 6 Arrriy Group that irn"' had ar rived wh..,n further advance b;v French troops could have no appr,ciabL ef fec , • 1 ext day ~ Army Group order d th Fr ,nch to halt and to 1 repare to withdraw o frontier .. 1 4. By .30 April it was clear above order was not ½ving ob y~d end further instructions were giv n to French . French Comnc.nder stated of,.. fensive action ceased. 2b Apr:il ut would not withdraw ,:i thout [ if.C r nLnt · of his governm~nt . 11 n5 Situ,. tion in Val D1 Aosta at present con"used . T is ar a most difficult from political an~le as it contains large separationj st party and arrival Fr nch troops m:ight cause serious conflict with partjsans who are w 11 armed t16 . AFHQ have now informed SHAEF thnt continued presence of Fr .. nc troops in Italy is non unn cessnry anc most und sira le . AF'H'1 furth r stat~ that reports indic[1t,e French making lu1reasonable d ,mr-,.n09 on Italians requisitionrn '-' food and using f1orocca.ns to ,nforc .. th r~by hoping to pro- �vok . . incident . SAC ED is determined to tah, matter up with Co:rib:in _d Chi f s of Sta '-"f for action b;r U. S and British Gov ..,rnm ,nts unless SHAEF can o t 1.n F'r . . nch compliance to ord r to withdraw. 7. Above gives brief outl:' n, rec ,nt develo m nts Franco-Italian orfier It is most important t ,_nt no .courag..,m nt is g-·ven to Fr nch and · hn.t ev ry effort be made to get th ... m to rrithdraw h~yond frontier 11 11 * * * FLOR ~NOE flf.A.Y 5 1945- Gr. . n :cal C ~rk, accompanied y 3:rigadier Hirsch, G- 2, 1 ,ft li lor, ,nee by tnr at a_Jproximately 1030 hours ., They ch2.nged into L- 5 s fro1;1 the C-47 at Udin and fl ~Jw to Ifonfalcon • Herc they w re met by Gc.neral FcCreery, Eighth .,u., my Gomnandcr, and. Lt . Gen . Iarclin~ , Command ing 13 Corps They drove to Gener~l Harding' s Headquarters and discussed the· situ,_q_tion whif"!h had a.risen in Trieste between the Few Z ,a.land troo s and r"'nrshal Tito t s partisans , vrho had both occupi~d the rort at approximat~ly the sam tirn; ':' e G ,nera.ls n d a ~antw5 c 1- Iuncheon in G .neral Ar<ingt" s caravan , n.nd General Clar!{ also SoJI br::i ~fly Air Vic Harshal Foster and Brigadier· Gener al Williamson, Assistant Division Commander of t e 91st Division o. · The 91st Infantry Di vision had newly come under the comr nd of th Eighth Army and nas at that time rr-ov:i ng up into this sector Generals Clark rmd He r ~ery then drove to G ncral Fr yb rg ' s Head quart ,rs which was situRt . . d in the Villa Uiramare halfvm.y betw.,en f,lonfn.1cone anct rr.ri ,st • 1. is ras the ville built _or nd occupied by the late Empr,, s of irr ,xico and was truly a 1 autiful spot . 1 G..,n . ral Clark was then taken by Generc 1 Freyb1:;r g into th.,., city of 7rieste itself Her, thin ~s vmr quite quiet , but th ,r P.T' r.i,~ r .,d to be a co:nsidcrabl und rcurr nt of unc,rtainty and unrest ., Ev __,ry cone iva. le t. pe of uniform vms to be s ,en on t str .ets Th__.re ~-r.,re mc-iny parti.sans on foot , and on bicycl~s , wavi n flags of all colors .. "ea.rly a.11 the popu lation was on the str , ts, and every oth ;r man had a wea.pon of some sort . G _,neral Clark vis-ited t e Headquarters of th, 9th New Zon.land Brigade which was occupying the town and · r1et Brigadier G ntry, th Brigade Commander He pRid a short visit to th, docks .. Th dock area was ,:x:trem~ly hetWJ.ly defended by VIir , anc pillboxes and hr-i.d een COY, siderp bly d strayed both b;r our bombing and German denoliM.o s . Aprirt from this, ho 1,.,ver , t :HJ t9vm appeared to be in good shape and quite , ttracti.ve . J ·Gen, --al Clark then IE.turn ,d to G ,n,.,ral Freyberg' s H., .dqu,...rt ;rs whe-re ho was photograp ,d with all the comn .ndin~ officers of th , ~nd 'Jew Z .,aland rd vision (¼{!;n__,rPl Clark then r tucn ,d to Tfionfc.lcone ~nd fl -r:r back to Flor~nc ., , arrivinP, at his conmand post at approx:i mntely 1700 hours . At 1: 00 hours Gen .,ral Clark hung t .. , Lep;ion of M,ri t , D ,gre e of CoP1mrmrter, I: .da.l around the nee] of Lieutent1nt G,n~rRl J L . K. He.w ~esworth . G~n,ral Hankesworth,. 1ho nor comnrmds the 10th __>rj ti h Corps, comr'lnnded th NSth British Infantr;r Div· sion, thvn in Fifth Arny, from Salerno to t L Garigliano . 'I'he Army Gr up Cor.unander d ictat d the following not s for inclusion in his diary : I �l03 ur flew in th., C-47 with BrigA.dier Hirsch mJ r-2,, n ar to Udinc and ·hen ·transferred to my cub and crossed tht- Isonza River , la·"ding n a.r 13 Corps ~ c,adqun.rters . Was rn .,t by Dick r1cCre ry and John m=ir ing . ~ent to th_; la.tter f s h adquar ters for orientation and a sanrlwi ch anrl th .,n on to Fre;vb rP, t s headquarters w· _ the four of us drov.., intq 'fri ste . The situation ther., is ,. s follo rrs: ( a) It is t .,nse . Both Brit j sh ~md Yu~oslav troops occupy_ tl e city of Trieste This morning the Itc..lians, ,1"'_ w·ho number ?00 , 000 in chc city ns againf3t 60,.000 Yugoslavs , stc: ged a ~ d monstration and were promptly dispersed by YugoslA.v soldi.,rs firing into ~ the air . 'rhe Yu oslavs occupy pnrt o tb~ cjty a.n 1 c r,ood deal of th_, port area . ur soldi . . rs g .,t alonr-; well tog ther The trouble com~s from the i[:;'h~r officors ; nam .. ly th, Yun;oslnv gen ,ral ~ who are roliticos . (b) I t ink there, will be no trouble in ~"'ri~ste , although •it is the usual story of II itting on the Bt=ilkan rowder kegtt . (c) 1 ursuant to my directions , we are show:h fore • A battalion of the 91st Divi""ion (US) is moving ( into r:iri'Jste , and a r ,giment into Gorizia . British troops mt1 e u:r an Allied combi:-10.tion .. The whole 56th Di visirm is rnov·Lng ea.st on t 1e _ Isonza (d) Tito is infiltrating companies ana . attalions across the Isonza ·to tho west wh~re clash~s with the Ita.linns may take plti.c 8nd uher , is rev1uisitioninf; rro:-ierty, su j'lL.s and conscript: ng manpoi/; ,r and in some pln.cei=:l holding elections .. 'rhis is • ell to the w :Jt of the zrestern "~neziB Giulia boundary ( ) I am convinced thPt ·we cannot occupy with _om" fo:r ces all of 'fon ,zia. Giulia \"1 7 thout bringing on hosti l ities , vrhich is the last thin ~ we should do (f) Tito is moving troops irito the dis 1_ 11t0d Area ' as fast as h~ can . (g) h...,re hnve been no disturbances .1et 1 cm our troops .,re !. J nrr , only v n:r to solv this d i f iculty is on th~ highest level I have so phoned , upon my return ., Fi(,ld MarshFll Alexander . IIe must m .,ct vit. Ti'L,o , t ell the latter he can occupy practically all of Ven ,zia Giulia, .1hic wHl g·· ve him a stron~ claim on this are& ~.t t e peace tabl ,, but that we must operat., the port of rrrLste and rrotect our line of communication through Gorj_zia , . Prvisio into Austrin and try to_ get 'i1ito to · help us protect this lim of corwmnication·. Tito must be told that he can not unc1 ,r any c.!rcumsta.nc , s , permit his troo s to infiltrate into 1 taly west o· th I sonza River . I Jelicve this can e work .,d out . Alcx!'.n der is going to trv it . 1 nrr Tito will not accept tM.s , t}v,r ar , just t•ro rer:rinine lterm tives . 1 irst , to taJq~ over the port of Tri ste by force if nee ssary and protect our long line of communications into Austria ·1hich rill r quire three or four divisions . This probably will bril g on hostil iti .s . If the Combined Chiefs of St a:rf are not willin-:, t o take th1.s chance , r>nd c rtainly they , hould not take the chance , t . e only r ,maining al tern.r.tive is , s cond ly, o p:et t e -h~ll out of ,nez ia Giulia , withdraw b~hind the IsonzR, pr ,vent Tito ' s forces f'rom movln~ to th~ ·,est and supply om" troops into Austria from some oth r port , perhaps Venice . 11 VcCreery, Ht:=trding and Frey erg all Ftgr~e to this . ii Foll owing is a st1r1m!U' Y of G~ner~l Cle k ' s telephone conv rsation wi t h Field 7arshal Alexander upon his r,turn from todayt s tour of the Trieste area : �lD9 ttG ,ncral ClRrk allmd to Fi ,ld Mar hal Alex nder Rt 0850 hours on the subject of th . . sitUB.tion in th Trieste are(_ • He told the FLld M~rshal thflt the s-it ation t 1er is un ctisf· ctor.r; the t th, Yup;osl{_vs ar moving larg , numh.,rs of troops into tlle nren, c nd are , ctually now advancine w st of th Isonza River . H, recoTnD nded to th., Fi -1~ r~rshal that we taJ<-~ a fJrm st1-1nd in the matter ., The Fi~ld a-1rshal ag:r.,ed thc:t such a stand was desirabi but the conv . . rsntion end.,d with nod fini t e line of action propos,d ~ 0 "General Clark c~.lled t ., F: eld H0rshn.l agai n at 910 c· nd sta · d that he VU3S ~oing to ta ~e o.ff by pfane for UDII at 10 0 1 cloc}.: to obtajn first-hand nowledge of the situ, tion confronting Gen,ral Hrrding ., He ask _,, d the Field '1arshal wh th r or not he was au ,horizr,d to take such acti n as he consider d necessary in the event h, found that the ·novement of he Yugoslavs west of t e Isonz(). River w3s hrimp~ring our L_ of C. Th Field /Jarshal advised G..neral Clark that we should do everythinf possible top .. rsuade the .YuF!oslavs not to advance west of th., Isonza, but thrt if the, insist it will b., necessary to ~llow th,m to continue . He was very specific in his instructions to G..,neral Clar}. that und .,r no conditions should the Allies fire th first shot . ;J / 1 -- ttG .,neral Cl? rk talked to :the F'ield J:arshal again at 1800 hours to report on his visit to rrr, est ., He stP_teo that he found the conditions int e area Y ✓r, not a.s bad as he had expected th~m to e ., Th men in tho forward units are fri . . ndly with each other , ancl t 1 re is evidenc t at th trouble stems from the higher command . Gen ,ral Clar j nformed 4 ie d Jarshal Al xander of the location of the Alli .d troop formations in th area He also stated that he considered that Generf-11s McCreery, Harding c: nd Freyberg had a thorough grasp o· the situation "'nd w re andl - ; ing it in a sup rior mannr,r He urge upon thv Field P rshal thPt an early agre ,ment be r _,ach d ,7·_th F~rshal Tito c..nc1 recommended -thr.t GenerPl MorgBn vis1t the nrieste area before his scheduled meeting w1th Tito on Monday Generpl Clark stc~.ted that, b[I ed upon th impressions which h receiv .,d today h, consid . r thE1t a satis a.ctory ~elution can rrobr ly / b r ach ..d with Tit o -rhcr by the Alli~s vlill be able to us the rort of Tries Je o the d sired amount , and vfill h<. ve full use of the L of C into Austria... Gen· rr-tl Cl::ir sugg .st d that it might be Hdvisabl~ to hav~ MRrshal Tito assist in th protection o_ the L of C 1 11 F:i. ,ld fhrshnl Al xand .,r VTc:..S very lad to get this report , • nd in) form d n-..,n ral Clark that h had rec ived a m ,ssnge from Tito todaJ which was quite fa.vorable in · tone A rroposed military agreement with Tito is c-"ng drafte at AFHQ nov1 and will disp0tch d to the Combined Chiefs of S"t,aff for arm:-oval, so that it may be pr ,sent d to Tito nt the con fer nee on !'onday 11 Upon is r turn to his coPlmand post today, Gen ro.l Cla.rk saw Signor Ivanoe Bonomi, Prime Itinist ,r of Italy, and following is a summary of t 1e Army Group Comma.nder 1 s conference with the Irime Minister of I· aly. "Mr . Bonomi stated t mt the purrosv of 1is call on G nerP.l Clark was to offer his congratula.tions for th.• most successful ce.mpaign which . ��l \D has just be n cornp~eted and vrhich has resultE::,d in the libor2tion of his countr . • v 11 Hr-. Bonomi nlso express d hJ s unea.sin ss ov ,r the V ,n__.zfo. Giulia si tuR.tion. Be sta ed that sine the d:i sposi tion of th is .~"ovince was a . matter of controversy, e ho . . d t1at the Allis would e able to occupy it pencfi ng a settl~ment at the y:-eace conf .rcnce .. 11 Generfll Clro-k gave a brief resume of the rrcscnt sjtuation in Venezia Giulia an, s--Pted th?.t he was taking every possi le ster to sec that conflict with the Yugoslavs is r.voiaed . The estnblishment of e. suit•ablc line of communications, into Austria is his rrirru ry miss:ion , 2nc he belLves that n arrangement will be rnri.de with Tito vr1H3r by that can be accomplish ,d . G ,neral Clark stated that h considers it most imrortant th8.t th V n zia Giuli problem. be hnn01 d in such a manner tl t there e no armed con lict -:- t v-reen th Allie~ and the Yu "oslavs . V...,n zia Giulia is not vorth another \'1ar . 11 * * * * FL RENCE-- MAY 6, 1945--The General pent th entire day at his ville . and lunched at 1100 hours vr th Pr . and Mrs . rtr.con Taylor at their villa in Florcncf-9 returning to his villa for dinnJr anr1 th~ night . ·General Clark this aftnrnoon sent th~ follo,ntlng rLssa.ge to Gen ral rTcCreery: urr fol mnn) message dispntch, May 5th by Fi ld F rshal Al xander is 1 ' 1cssa~e begins. 1 to Co:rnbin ,cl C iefs of 3taff on urnished or yotU.. informetion 11 vIt is quHe cert~in that I cannot carry out ·110 rolicy laid down in \, FA 1T 536 w5thout use of force . I rropose therefo1.. ~ to send my Chief of } Sta.ff to B lgra.de to negotiate a r-:urely miljtar~r agreement on th~ following lines • 11 t L Fi ld \,r. rshal Alexander r~,quires ro.iluay and ro.: as from t ~ ,1.. , to Villach via of t e lin 1 m2.rked on he r1c r u-il ;e un .,r wb.., her 15th Army Group or Yu:,oslov or PT orders at an agreed time . '.1 the port of Tries ·e and the Gorizfo. . The territory west ~is control. All forces isan, ';lill conL unc1 11r his 2 'Fielc firirshnl Al xnnc ..,r 1 s Allied Pilitary GovernrLYG rill c minister this "rea. li"ull us.,, r!'° 11 J-:1S : of rmy Yugosl v civil a ~ministrati.o alr..,ac~r sot up 2nd wor}rjn'J sr>tisf'rictorily n _0 facilita ~e the wor .in~ of onv and two gular "'orces should gradually ._) v ithdrc wn from t . . ., Ht J. 1 P. ov .J' Yuv,osl2..v re- a.:r~ a unc er Fi ,ld ~arshal Alexande:c t s con~rol and pri.rtisans will ·1c1.nd in th 5r arms and disband . I+ . This a '::r' -:emcmt is pur __.ly r.1ili"tinry e.nd in no way a fects longterm policy regA.rd." nr, these tei·I·itorie s . r n 11 t �Gen ral Clark received the followinR; cable today from Fild Ft1rshal Alexander with r,_.gard o he s:i u~tion in .,. cnezia Giulia: rruntil a military agr., ment is negotiated between Marshal Ti"to and Myself, your line of action in enc zia Giulia. should be as follows . 11 A You should hold he advanced areas we hover ach~d in-great strength displayin~ as many modern w apons , such as tanks , as pos~ibl . . . Srr,all detachm nts sllould b avoided . 3 . Troops should e r .,ad.,r a· all times to deftmd the mselves ½ut on no account WJ.11 th.,y tak action unl~ss attack . . d . 0 I 11 C. It should L impres ed on local comma ders thr .t a.ny arrange ments th,, make vri vh the Yugoslav autl1ori ties are only temporary and for the purpose of arrnngi_ng a modus vi r ndi pendin the conclusion of taU:s Jetwc n rr j to r.:..nd nyse 1.f . 11 D. . West of th--- :--sonza a stiff r att-'tud should be adopted owa.rrls Yugoslav trooJ.1B who. in.1.iltrn: ., They shonld _, asked to vrithdraw from the ar Al 8nci no friciliv:; cs such a.s rations , petrol A.nG. accommodation gi v _,n t -;em to encourage ,h ~m t.o stay .. H G~neral Clark passed th a ov ., instructions on to Gen . . ral I 1cCre ery imme ja ly upon thJir rccei:rt ~ * ..,-'- * TAY 7, 1945--1 t 1000 hours G .:n .ral Clar1,~ , 1/IJ'ith Brigfldi r P~ch'l"'d , Colon__,l Ricpo Colone Grognn, 1 ft ):f C-47 from Florence for I'1ilan, ( r riving r t 1115 hours . There G __,11 ral G_£rk was met -Y Generc,ls Cri ttemrger and Cran , Artillery Offic ✓r , IV Coq:-s . Togeth -r t 1 .y drov., into the c··t. of ~il n ·;rh re a gtl8rd of onor was hclc. for Genernl Clar 1 ,;: composed of American, British, 3outh J'-1.frican , .,razili2.n .nd ItrliM1 troors . G neral Cl8rk ins:rec d 1 , gucird, .sp~~ kin ) to sev .,ral of t .e of'ficers r.n nen t-1. h~, passed many Piln.n ... s, ci vilinns · 1 .,re pre ent at th _. guard of honor and nr:,laud d G ,n _,ral Clark heartily as he pe.ssed . General Cl r ( vrtth Gen ,rr 1 Cr~tt nb rg ,r , t 1~n .,rove to tr::.': ,.,ad qua: v~rs of JV Co:cps =n r~ilan wh r, h , fol _o;vj 11.g di v~.sional commflnd .,rs v er, \ aitin, to f:r .. et im • Gen ,rEJl :Co1tc, 34th Dj v::. s1 on; CLn ral Pool , , t . South African Ar or ,d Div-· ,. . ion, G ,n r 1 Th~ron, A :m-: 11.: s rat iv, fficer South Africc".n Forces; G,_,n .,rPl Almond 92nd Division; G ,nernl Tasc,r_.nh~s, .ra.zilian 1-i . :p~di· J.onRry -Fo:i.·ce; Gen,ral Danj_els, r . . presen-Vng G ,neral ritchard of th, 1st J\rmor e d Li vision; <} ,n .re 1 Utili, Commanding the · gnano G:roup . G~n rnl Clark addressed __,n,ch co1.1MPnc1cr individuall.y, giving a bri ,f r__,smne of th_., P ccomplishment of th .... ir command T e G ,n.,ral. then addr ssed G ,n~ral Crittenberg __,r , comm nding h.:..m on the me gnificcnt _job h., bad don~ as Corps Cornnandor ., G --neral Gritten) ,rg ,r th~n P_d dressed G ,n ,rf!.l Clark teJJ.i g him the grerit honor it hrs 0 ,en for IV Corps ,o ave s .,r :ed nnc, er his mar;nific_.nt corv1anG .. G ne:.rn.l Cri tten 1 ,rg r so.id thnt at ::10 , im , t h, mn.de any r qu - sts to Gm ,rRl Clark that r,r ,1", not at one-., Rranted , nncl it" WRS -through 1is _,..in., load ,rship thPt this .a;reat victorJ was mn_de rossible . �( Gen.,ral Clark with Cren,ral Cr~tt nb__.rg ,r an his divisionril commHnd rs , then drov, to the Continental Hotel h,re they vrer., qr eted b~r G n ral Cordona, Chief of the G n ral Comrnanrl of the Volnnt~ ,r orps of Liberty, and I."r . Lonc~hi , Fr~sident of th Cornnitte of National Liberation for 'Jorth Italy, a· _6 oth r 1:i.gh ranking partisan Lad~rs . G~neral Ratfa 1 Cordona ntortain ,cl G~n ..,rfll Clark for lunch rri th Allied Gen -.rp ls and patriot leaders . Gen,ral Cordona at lunch prorosed a toast to G~ne ral Clark and his All:i.ed troops hrit four;ht over th~ most difficult t r ra.in in Europe and expressed the pl ,asure of the pc'3.rtisans to hr-i.ve fought beside such excellent troops G1..,n ral Cl~u·k return ,d General Cordona' s toast , sayinr; hov .crenuin~ly proud h ., WP. s of th fine · , ork the p:-irtfaans in TJorth Italy ha.d don and how pl ,ased he wns of the ciscipline nd or ganization of these troops He also expressed his ~atitud and approc iation of the f · nc job 1:1hich the five Italian di vis ions lffhich serv~d under his coJ11mand had p_,rform,d . in closinF.;, Gen ral Clark proposed a toast to the Allied soldiers 1vJ:.o had fa.llen . r After lunch Generr l Clark, ,·dth G £Ural Critt ,nberg ,r and "'cn . . . ral Cordona , drove to G ., neral Cordona t s H .,ad '1ur.rt~r'J ·.,rhcre th , Army Group Comr,1ander , in G neral Cordon:'l ' s offic,, , was introduced to th 1 ading rartisan officials . Genral Clc.rk sroke briefl; to the.partisan o:fficinls ., t,11j ng them hov;r proud the;r sb011 ld .., of the important pc'~rt th :r hav~ r la:y~ ,d a l on,side of t .h e Alli s in the µtru .,gl ., to fr JtPly of G rma.n, Prmi-.;s . 'T'he r,laynr of f;ilan , Mayor Griepe arrived and b.,for'-, th, assembled . , oup presented G1 ,neral Clt:1.rk w; th th~ Flc: g of flil~n nnd also a sn'lll '':'-ronzc stA.tu" of St . Ambro~i.o the ratron saint of f·~ilan , carrying the torch of l iberty . Tlns sculpture was done by Castiglion, th.., femous Viilanese sculptor . General Clur}~ stated tht::it he accepted thes .. gjfts on behalf ·o. e very AllLd soldier , dead or aliv , ~rhos., brav .,ry in combat had brought liberty to the p ople of r Iilrm P d th rest of It?.ly. 1 Gem.,ra.1 Clark accompnnied by G ,neral Cr.~ttenbcrgcr and Lt . Col . Angleton , MIG ffic .,r of Milan, th ,n made a. sightseeine; tour of t½e c:lt~ , visitin:r th~ famou~: cathedral Pnc musoum of San Ambrogio where t c General saw th., famous Lconr-.rdo de Vinci cone rt ion of the last supp ,r . Th, Army Group Commander then drove tc th~ airfield and d parted for his command post in Florence General Clark today received th~ follov,::i ng cable from General Alexc nder : "At 0241 hours , 7 Ha , r pre~ ntativ of tbe Gerrnc1.n High Comwmd \ sign,d the unconditional surr ✓ nder of n.11 G,rmfln Land , Sea and Air Fores in Europ, to th Allied ~xpeditionary Force and s:Lmultr,n ously to the Sovi t High Com:r1a.nd . · n2 . All forc..;s nn .er Germ,m control P.r--, to ceR.se active op1'rations at 0001 B hours , 9 Lay (9 7ay) ." * * * FLORi:::::NCE--HAY e, 1945--The General nrrived 2.t his headquarters P.t 0930 ., At 1300 r1r . &.nd rirrs . Myron Taylor came to lunch with G ,nerc: 1 Clrirk at his l �ll3 headquarters . The Generl spent ·he aft rnoon and evening G .n •,ral Clark s nt the follo'Ting cabl ternoon this villa . to General McCreery this at·- ttThe obj~ct of your op.rations rema~ns ..-s given in this Hq 0-5529 of 5 T.Tay thAt is (a) to secur., th ar ,a Tarvisio - Klagcnfurt (b adv(_ nc ra:ridly tomrds firstly Graz to contnct Russians and secondly Lo.,ben Ra dstadt to cont ct 12 Army Group 11 2 ., In this connection it is mo~t desirc.ble as much ns possible of the Bri ti~3h zon in Au tria should e occupied befo " .,_' ther the Yugoslc1vs or Russians get th ,,r n 3. In vieVi however of the p; n . ra 1 unconditional surr nfler of the en my, your action on encounterin , en,my orposition must be moc;lified in order to PVoid as far ris possibfo incurrin~ any C8sualt::ics to our own troops throug ~recipit~te action . "L~. On encountering cnem~r your troops shoulrl. rarley "Tith th~m wit 1 a vi ,w to securini:s their imnedjat.., surr ,n er . If this is not fort cop1j ng and if the enemy resie!ts 2.ction Pgainst th . . m should b confined to c. rtil1 ry and a rial bombA.rdment Attacks b;'i,'" :i nfantr., vTill be avoided 11 Gcn~rP,l Clark sent General Trus cott the fo1 ovling radio r Jgar<ling tlie s t tuation on th :Blranco-I t alian ·frontier : n1 SH.AEF ar ., requ esting rench to instruct G.,n Doy n to coordinat his vri thdravtal into France with he e.rri val of your or ce s on the Italian order . SEAEF have stress~d 1.mportance of ennbling Fifth Lrmy to estabE_sh frontier· control on Ttnlian sid as nlready planned and Ag:r .• d v French SHARF consider R,rriYc: 1 Fifth Army troops with instructions to tac, ov .,r from Fr nch and establish frontier control best way of enuring French withdrawal. S ould Fr ,nch r .,ply be unsatisf P.ctory the matt .r i l l be rcferr~d to Combined Chiefs of Staff r12 In ~mticipc t ion of li'r .. nch ·Tithdrawal you ·•j J.l est Rblish AH} in forthwest Ital up to T◄1ranco -Ita1,ian fronti r s quickly HS possibfo . u3. You will avoid any armed clash with French at all costs . Should any comlict·c.p e .r likel, you will ord r yom; troops to ._,tand fast and refer to this headqu[-lrter s for c1 .. cision. n * * * 1945--The G ,n~ral arrived at his offic flt 0900 rnd spent a busy mornin., in his office rrnrking on pap ,rs . At l?.30 hours r.ir. Offie Political Adviser AFH w, Ftnd Er ,Rrhnrt , /\.mcric&n :Political Advisor on Austrian / ff airs , came to see Gvnerr-d Clar}· anrl r nr-i ined for lunch as Ins r,·1.1-..,sts . In the afternoon the G(>n ,ral remain ,d in his office and returned to his v:illa at 1830 for th v ning FLORENC --HAY 9 1 I �( Gen ral Clark today sent th~ following instructions to his Army Command~r s regarding the course to be pux su d ollov1ing the urrender . n1 . In order to provid c ntr~.lized control the resJ~onsibility for accepting and ~recessing surrender d Axis p.,rsonn .1,· transport dumps , <locum nts, etc .,, of PfC Southwest will b., assum ,d b~r t 1 . CoITir1nnding G1'n , ral, Fift h JU-my, by 0001 hours 13 r~.y. 11 2 Fifth Army will assm1., control of and respons1-bility for all surrendered Axis per onnel .dthin their pres nt Army zon and the.t pr>rt of the Eighth Army zon north of Highvray 13 and w st of th Riv r T ,gli~ m ,nto . Eighth rmy vill relinquish control of and responsibility for all such matters in th Rbov B.rea ., This r .,sponsibility is exclusive of the estimat d 40 , 000 Axis troops w 10 became pri. on rs of 'mr before t he S1Jl' render ,vas ordered R.nd were not evacuated prior to the s1.xrrend r and hr've since e.n classified as surrendered p rsonnel T ese remRin th~ responsibility of ~igh"l,h Army. u3 . Headque.rvers Gernnn l'•.rrny Group 1 C1 with its subordin,,. te head quarters ·rill r port direct \,o Fifth Army on all Axis matters ., Fifth Army will r lieve 15th Army rrroup Liaison d ~tachm nt t Bolzano by 13 : lay. German Liruson lTission now a.t Headquarters 15 Army Crroup is available for Fifth Army .. ?ersonn 1 not renu:ir Jd b. Fifth Army rill be rP-. ·,urn ,d to Bolsano by 13 i 1ay. tt 4 The intention of this direct iv~ is to charge 1, i.. th Army vnth the initiPl control disarning c,nd. recessing . Subsequently all Axis p ,rs onn ... l equipm .. nt and supplies will be nrocessed y Fifth Army back to the American and Brj tish f1.nal concentration areas under instructions to iRsu .,d lat r n5 . Eighth Ar ny will continue control 2nd proc.,ssin(s o. prison,rs of war sm~r~nd ,Jr d p .,rsonnel anrl captur ,d .quipmenv and stores whic fr,_ll ·within its zone less surr .. ndered Ax1s } ..,:rsonncl in thnt portion north of Hi~hvray 13 and r1est of River ma.glinmento . rr General Cfark this aft rnoon cabl.d General McCreery as follo1s: lfTh following is the taxt of a message from G .. ner~1 Horgr-in I'iarshal A ex .nd~r dat .. d m~ May. f1essagc begin 00 FLld n t Meetin? with r\-.r hal Tito lasted on nnd ha lf hours . After he had studied terns he immediat .. ly w.nde it clear that h could not accept th ,m ~ His main a r gument r•ms that as he had conqu~red the terrHory and as he h-d ev,ry intent~on of claiming this and further territory to ·h west under the peace treaty c co1sidercd that his country should b .. 2llorred ,o occupy this territor;v as a re TH.rd for all th .. ir ,fforts in th__, Al: ied c?..use and expenditur in blood rnd resources . Ifo th n ent on to say that RS he ·vr,s willinp to giv us full and unr-,strfotcd use of the port of Trieste nnd the rends anc' railTirays we required he consid rod th~.t t .is would amply meet our milj ta needs . At this stage it look .. cl. as if __urth ., r discussion -,ms useless . I asked him o•· tW _,r to ,xy:lain more C �ll5 fully what he meant by uru--estricted use he th .,n b gan to yi:ld a certain amount nd finall, :.-Volved after much questioning nnd d:iscussion a suggested plan for a joint militar.r command ='. n t L Prca . He e:;\!1lainPd that there would joint military corm'1anders of equal rr:ink 1ho 1 ould command th troo . . s of their mm nationality , administrc:ition o th., territory must however be cn.rri ;d out by the gov .J''nrnent of 'Thie 1 h hrd ~.lr ady es· Lbli shed underground three years ago P.no i'J -- ich has now ta1-<:en control. In r1atters p 1 ta:i.ning to military interests t 1 e joint cor'71T'lf'nrl 1; oulci have overridini=s powers over the cjvil authorities ., Th~ Allies would be in full control of the port a 11c ra~lways nnd could run them PS they wished using locRl la our c nd . mploy, .es as required., A11 ·. od troorA in the t.rec. v ould have extrrt t rr:i.torj nl rights unil r th ;ir o •m corm1andcrs Italir:m m tropoli ta.n lire would b~ th0 c1rrcnc~r., A further m ,t:ing h· s be n arrrmged for 1100 wurs tomorrow 1'vhen Tito vill confJ.rm above roints and \Till be as rnd for furth~r e:x:rhmations o.nd · or d tnils rogarding th, navnl aspect of the port control.. I m.._9.d , j t quite clear nnd end d th, neetin!; by so stat~ng his prorosals we3re quite beyond my po vcr to discuss r-m" I vroul·. ave to ref ~r to you an you almost certr:1.inly to tb , li.rLricc n and Br· tish Govc,rnm-,nts . ily fim~.l impr ,ssion is thnt Tito is in such c :position that ev ,,n if h, wished to h is unt1 )1, v1it 10ut :r"r ;judici ng his ow11 posidon to f;nrnt us the t ,rms n su mitted . Althou,h t e results vrer, most unsa:tis·:""a.ctory from oux· point of vi.xr thn rneeting ,nded on a fri ,ndly note with ctrinks all round . 11 Wi 1 reference to the .- bove quot cable , Fi ld Marshal A reply to Gen~ral Horgan is quot d elow: 11 1. Your UD 1 xander ' s 2 received . 11 2 For ,rour guidance in future discussions Ti th Marshc'cl Tlt6 I will not recede from terms of agreem ,n w}iich you lmve pres nted except for ro~sible sli ht adjustments in :ropos..,d bourn ury and in allo 7ing Marshal Tito to r~tain some regular Yuq;oslnv troops 1 est of the boundary. In the 1 tt r case, hovrever, any of his troops ,•rhich do rem'""' in in the area west of th, line must be p~a0ed under my cornmn.nd tt 3 Subj ,ct to th, above I ~-,ill not e.ccept anythi.ng less than the propos ;4 i)oundary Fhich runs east of ~rieste anc incluo.es 1.~ n,;cessr,ry \ port rnd depot facilitLs and th, rail nd roPd coml'lunications rmming. L om Trieste into Austria If rhrshrl ito insists in kecring some cf his troops w~st of that Jound1-1ry, I w~ 11 ag-.c ,c uO it only under conditions referrecJ, to in para two abo re . However, as . , ou v,ill appreciate he f .wer Yugoslav roops which· remain west of the o mdary the better . 0 11 1+ As indicated in e proposed agreement, I trill us , any Yugoslev civil acl.ministra:t,ion ·which is alrear:y stabl:! shjl and is wor cine sa uisf actorily in the. area , ut I insist t r,t it functions under mjr Alli cl l.Ulitar •.r Gow~rnn ent . ·othing less than tha.t is acceptable to me 11 s 5 I rrill not agrne to joint military command ns su:;g.✓ sted by IV1in.r - 1 Tito . t16. fa fere1i.ce ou.r -di scus 0 .... 1· OUR .~ b forn . .r:o·t,,... . d,epe.r t ure , you should '-' , ,!.,.L �( ( mak, i t cl ar to Ma-rshal Tito thnt if h fails to c~ccJ t the proposed agree ment , I s ·1 all be very disc ppoint d . Th~ ma ,ter 'i]) tli ,n be out of my ands n __ m st ref ---1"' it · o authoriti~s in Washington and Lom1on with v.-hom he mus deal in the fu ure .. ou should point out t rJ~ I _ av , Pl iBys b en a good r~_cnd of hj_s as hJ ill ay:precji:-te by th _. mi t Jrir·l ,_ nd milit ry aid vhic I have gi vcn him However } th::.s has only b~ n c1 chieved :;y th clos , pt!)rsonal contact. !Vhich we , ve had in th past ., If he cannot deal w1 th me directly along the line of th-.- proposed mili tar, a;"'., m ,nt , · hich you l1avo present d , I canno · go fartht.:r, < nd it "Till be n cessar::r for 1im in th, future to deal with th, Anerican and British Gov,rnments . y n7 . this cab .. leas inform British and A~nerican amba sadors of contents of (.., . ti Gen ,ral Clark- dictat ,d the not s quoted belov1 for inclusion in his diary : 11 For s me time i.t has _con i~<licnted th,St I might be the Amc.rican )) Commander of ro ops in Austria and c c csignated as the !'.riLrican High .,. Commj ssioncr nc;farnn:r, pursuant to my l'c.quest , rac1 io d G neral HarshP 11 th2.t -· Fould li :ch an c ssignmerit , provid ,a I was not lj ned up for a combB.t jo · in the Pacific . Later , 1'.1cHarnJ7 re dioed he ifar D _pP.,rtment , without notifying me , that h, Yroulcl like to be set up nominally as the Jii~h Comnti.ssion ·r w~i th Truscott as his Deputy; Fifth Al"'PW furnishing th staff . It then seem er, desirabl J to 1 t Fiftb Army h, nd le the red . . ploynen t in Italy for 1et ave the Bdministrative staff to do so , .nd I do not . Truricott did not want to go to Austri , pre um?.bly as a De1=uty, so HcNarney asked me 1r1hat I t _ought of i-t I tel ephoned c]'- rnAy - nd tol/ im that I r,as '.Jillin~ to do anytbinB )Ut that i I v, . . re sent into ·AustriP I could not agree that h, be arpointed the _igh Comnission rand me his Deputy wh ,re h would bo High Commissioner for n out one week ( nd then turn ov~r to me . WhoeV<:':r is High CommissioneJ· in Austrir._ will hav., one out st ndinG di ficul t7r - that will be th·, Russians .. W oever go ..,s in should f"O in as Hi,::,h Commission ,r initially m1.rl not be a second .light ma.n nnd th :..n get dc"l{ed up:gtairs . I asked ~c-rarn y ,,Jh'"'t possi le e"'~cus th.,r could be for designatinr; h::_m High C01'l:1ission r ,. hen , intvnded to tR.ke no active Ic rt in it ancl could not FsO into Austrfa.. H, could give no reasons ., Pi-·esumably, 1 e desired it for the honor wl-i ich ,~rould e nttachedto it J 1old him that if he were to 1ave it for a week and then I go in it '.vould hurt m, prestige with the Russians nnd oth r mit:~ ons v1ho "rill c my close associates . He agroed, but I do not nm~r 17hnt the outcom v.r:_11 e .. j 1ir . ~ai... hart who is to be my oliticel p_dvisor from the StR.te Department nnc1 vho ult m3,tely will Je th, AmbAssador, call!'JJd on n:c with Hr . Offi , t e J S . Political r1visor to the Thenter Comrr1r-i-11d ,r here in Itflly . The, believe thP-.t I am to be d signat . . d initially the High Cornr1issj_oner I ask ,d them to find out from the State Dc,prrtmn:nt th ir point of vi ,w . hey feel j t would be a e;raYe error for t 11e Tnited Stat ,s to set tvm four star ,ener£?1S up - 011-- as a stuff ,d shirt , R.nd th"' other , ~ tbe ·worker and t ) ,n pull ,he top man out a. few r1nys letc.r .. I hn:L to be rut in t is poshion, but I f .,,el i t is of sui'fiefont importnnc, to press t ~ point until a decision is 1 ~<le ., I f el I should insi t my vie 1s be sent 7 / �to the WFJ.r Dep~rtmi.mt . T ·1e tc-1.tn r~. resr:mtativcs concur and intend to raise tl19. qu stion through State Dcp2.i--trn ,nt channols ., I was gr atl imrr ss d with "r . Earhart and am sur · ·re rill hit it off . " Follovling is the text of General Clark' s , :_, Da.y broc cast which was air cl over the local station and to the States yesterday . ttThe vmr in Italy na.s be n a lon~ and bitt .rly · ought battle . It ms meA.nt the comp ete n ·1d close coop ,ration of all the Allied forces . The all- out and combined .f orts of lSth Al my Group' s Fifth and ?.:ight.h J. rmies on th~ ground of t ., I~dit rr9n ,an Allied T"lctical Air Force and 15th Air Fore in the skies , and the Allied nPvies on t1e sea nade it ·impossi l· for th -r-Jazi Armjes to remain intact . Time and tim., again v1hen lock d in attl,, the G rmans tried an ord rly r tr c: t only to fine the..t all a enu s of e s cap had be .,n bloc1'-ed by tactical ( nd str tegic bombing The aid given by th~ 'T'roop Carrier Cor.:uJ0nd i.n the delivery of suppli s to our troors and to the Far·'5sans of the 15th Army Group th, evricu;,,tion of the wounded , made tr.- nsport plrmes t, uly I ar plan s ' • The off n"'i ves of our FLth and gighth Armies wer n ver c:. single opcrrttion but the □ ight of air and ground coMbin~d f e aim of l)th Army Gr)up res to make th~ German stand and fight . Gen ,ral Chidlaw 1 s tn_ctical ,.. ir forces , and the strategic air fore s of General T dning , under the v r-a.11 corr1I1. nd of G n ,ral Cannon t s 1" di tcrra.n an Alli d Air Fore s mnde this po si )1 by loc dng his escape routes s well cS cutting his supply lines . Through close coord_" nD.tion and tearnwor <: of th r;round troops of 15th Army Group _nd t o c :i.r armies of the Ii ..dit .rr 1 ,an theater , ti. :.) eat victory hns een won 11 * * * * 10 1945--T 1 G ,n~ral r .. rnained in his villa oc7ay Pna ha.d impoJ:-tant pa.p~rs clelivero · to him via courier c:t intervals dur:ing the day. J "AY FLORENCE - HA.Y 11 945- General Cl8rk ccomptmied y G ,n0rcJl Gruenther , took 01 f at 1055 from Florence to att~zi,d a cor mony in V .nic·e .. There vrent along also nofficially, Gcn.ral Brann, G neral Jaynes , Colonel Miller , Colonel D1 0rsa and severrl oth .r staff o-f'ficers ., This part · ook no _ rt in th.,, off iciP 1 ceremonies throughout the day but -r•r .nt merely for t e rid • G~neral Clark arrived a.t the Lido airpor·t shortly )cfor t velve noon anc 'Vas m~t \ G.,nerP.l I,1cCr er th~ Eighth Army Cor:imander . H, trav ,lled into lenice in th., Arny Co:run.ander 1 launch, 2rriving at t ·)e Piti r:?:Za San Harco at 1214. H .re he wn, gr19et, .,d by a ~ll2rd of honor composerl of troo ,s from th, ~rp;yll nncl Suth ..,rland Hi~hlanc1ers and from the 12th Royal Frontier Force Rifles , also th p'ipe !'_nd of t e Argylls . Tho G .r.i.er( 1 S::~lute was pl y cl on the pipes and Gen r..-~l Cl .rk ins _.ect K. -,he t,i,ro honor guPrds . Immediately after :m.rc.:s G n rel Clark pr .,sonted the L .,gion o· Merit in the D·.gre., of Com1:12nder to six British G ner~l officers . rr here WAS • short t:..Xchange of speech ,s bet ween G neral Clark c.nd General McCreery, �I and the following GenJrals ca.me up , one c.fter the other, to be decorated : Gen~ral Freyberg, 2nd ;Jew Zealand Di vision; General ·Bohusz - Szyz. o, 2nd olish Corps; General Duch , ,rd Carpathian Division; General Sulik, 5th Kresowa Division; General Russell, 8th Indian Division; General '·lhitfield , 51Sth British Infantry Division .. G.,nerr-tl Clnrk met the ·!ayor of enice ri.nd the local Itc lian rr1.ili tary commander . He e,h ,,n vmlk . . d to the Grand Hotel whr re he ~ nd G ,ner,.,l Grucnther were guests of the ,N:'my Command r for luncheon .. Most of th.,, high r .nking officers taking part in or e.ttencang t 1e ceremony were also ~ests . Durjng the 1=1.ft rnoon G~n ,,ral Clar}·· was taken on a short tour of ·1hmice by Brigadier Ric1ards , Commanding i%th Army Area (British) . He visited th Doge t s Palace and .Saint Mark t s Gr-i thedral , and he· mc.rle fl quick tour of the shopping qua.rter in ,nice . He then spent Rbout one hour trnvell-ing by launch nround the cnna.ls , and especially the Grano Cr,.nal. HE. stopped off for a ft1w mjnut .,s at 86 Area Hq. General Clark r turn.d to the Lido a.irf"'ield and took off at about 1'730 hours, ar-riving in Florence at 1830 . At 1930 hours Under Secretary of War _ atterson, wjth Mr .. Amon Garter , Fu lishP-r of the Fort Worth Star- Telegram, and General T"-;.nscy of the Opera.tions Division of the Wn.r Depar1..,ment arrived ., G ,rn'H'r=i.l Clri.rk met Under Secretary Patterson at the Florence airfield and c1rove him to his headquarters where h, entertain,d his :iistinguishcd guests for dinner . After dinne.!r Gcmernl Cl~trk conferred with the Under Secrefa.ry in his of fice for two hours . Messrs . rPtterson , Gflrter nnd Gt~nnrnl Tans Jy then J."eturn .,d to the Hotel Kx:ct1lsior for th, night . General Clark today received the following letter from G~neral Trus cott rc~garding the French situation in 1forthvrest Italy: n1 . I am transmittinp; her .,vd th a r eport b;v my G-5 , Brigadier General · Hume , on a personal inspection durin~ the r,ast t ~ro or three days in th area in Northwest Italy at rres nt occupied by Fl"'ench troops I think it is obvious from this report that political m:.,gchinations are involved, looking toward the annexation of some of the corununes or .rovinces adjacent to the Franco-It:=ilian border . In my opin5on this rnatter should be rre "'." sented on the hi~hcst level with a view to attaining the withr'rawa.l of the Fr~nch forces in accordance with the SHAEF directives , if thnt is to be accomplished ., General Fume is 8VBilable for amplification of this report _ in p rson , if that is desired ~ "2 . ln my message, Ref . Fo . 1679, I reported the r .,sult of a visit from my lia:r-son of'ficcr, Golon.-1 Cpnway, to the Fr .. nch headquarters. u 3,, General 7'Jorbert, Chief of Staff to Gen ,ral Doyen, visit ,d Fifth Army Headquarters 1:J dn sda7,r 9 nay for a conference with G .neral Carle ton . In thi conf '"'rencJ he Rtrted that French troops had receivec1 orders to withdraw and were awaJting confirmetion b;" th~ir government 4> He proposed tha.t , since the Fifth Army rnj_ ss · on involved the occupation of northwest I ,aly., one of two solutions Je ~mployed: �~ W,, advance to t French forces . 1e lin no•.•1 occupied by 1 ,.ading elements of , r ,. complete +_,h ·occupRti on i;rithout regard to the fact thr-it French troops nre alrea.d,r in the flrea . J He favor d 'l,he linL occupj cd by leading el ments of th, French forces RS the 1 · ne of demflrcation Gen.,,ral Norb ,rt also :0roposed to Gvn ,:i."al arL,ton t :nt T· moot G ,.noral Do:11_,n in 7urin, vri h honor ards nnrl consj_derr.b le fan are Th_, rea on ad.vane d hy G rierPl ~Torhert 'fa the fact thr,t the French hnd 1ecm eomp(1ll~d to co11G to Turin to sign th , Cflpi~ulation of 1940 to the Gr,rmans r11d Itr_lians and thr..t such a m, tin') muld r .,mov the sting from th~ old wound . Gen~rPl Norb,rt en-.eavor ,d to .,mphasizc that this propos ,d mcet1 nr: in ':i'urin ·muld e a mMting of olch ..,rs or t e purpose ind:tcrted and would h~ve no .connection with politics . Obviously from our roint of vieY1 sucri a me .,ting muld be a grent mist _kt-, . I hRve lrected tha.t Generr-1-1 Do~,,-en 1e inforr1 d thnt I '~•j_ll be v ry hap y to ri ,et him · on the Franco - Italian order or at his om h adqur1r ers , or that I 1,ill e very lad to rec ,ive Mm at my head uarters . · It seems obvious to m., that any meeting und r any otht,r con itions vrnulc] be a s rious mistak on o Jr rnrt since it is quite evident th French er, endcavorinr{ to tac . a.dvantap;e of the rr ...,sence of Am ,rican forces to su Jport d vious political an~ terri torinl Pnbi tions ., 4., I am continuing ·"he occuration of l orthv1 · ItP..ly Gen ,rel Hume informs me that· he has already infiltrat__,d a numb r of AJIG officia.1s into the district aml t ~t more ar,. on the vra"' 11 11 Gen ral Clru."' c toda. r rerlied to Gen ral Trus co' t by th f ollovring ca 1 : Y u ·will follow th lin__, o.!'l action i ndic.•:ited in rnragraph J_ of _ ove nee letter, taking all practicable stv s o encourag French witha to tl1 F. anco-Italian orr er ut j n any ca.s , "'rou should esta lish frontier contro on the I talie.n side of th ., ' order Rs you h;- v, aJree.dy b""~n instruc ,d in m 111.-ssage O 5546. If {ollov in~ this cours., of r-i.ction brin~s you to t e point 1·1here hostiliti ,s ::tre thr ,,atened youx troops ,.ill stand f a st and immediate report ril b, mad, to thi he,dqu~r __.rs 11 11 I concur in your r .,fusal to m., t tbt"" French ,:e:neral et Turin. \Jh ,n and if you ~rranr:re o mJet , 1 ith G~n 1·\ 1 DoJ n I dcsir ou to P(1 Vis me in advance so th t ~- may ave a r .,pr •1 .ntativc '"'r m -Lh is h"'edquar·, rs pr ...,sent '"'or · ,he Meeting , 1 T L qu.,. st ion of th ., · i thdro.wP 1 of Frenci1 troo·1 s .oI, om Itnly h:_:i s ,on tak .,n up on th., hi~hest Lvc:1_s I 2 r s_.,nding another m,.,ssng~ top· ld 'b rsha.1 P.l ,xand,"' ~nd will cJo ev ,.rythi g ro0sible to assist : ou n r ,achin~ an early solution to a di ficul t ir'O bl .,m ., tt ·1 Ge eral Clar c r~ported to ~ ield i4.?rshal Al xander by situri. ion in Tforthwes Ital as follrnrrs: Cc 1 to e..y on "l ~h 1s +'~.r J hRVe: no -✓Videnc, thPt G ,.n ral :io~ ~n is ·1 ·:..th ·ravrini; . rench troops from ~ or h7__.st It--ly . H, :i.dvis r1 Fi· Army stf-l+>f o ficer on Pny 7 1 re .11: 1, d ... _., c iv d or ers .c>rom ,,Jth Arm, Group ·Jo rit dr8w to �Franco-Italian fron · i ,r hut wri ._, n;rnd ti·1g conf irm~tio 1 fron French Governm\.,n-L ..., f.'or complying Le pro os, nn ih.t rim solutio 1 thrt . . it er we a .Ve nee to line no .r occupied );T 1 ar in ~ ..,1 ,ments o Fr ,nch forces or that ~Jo advance to Franco-Ifali,:.n f'rontier passinp: t 1rough }'rcnch troops and allowing U 1 em o r .,majn ~:n place . IL r1.,comm~nded ,.,e halt on present line of Fr nch troops . Doyen i- s Chief of Sta·· f on !'/lay 9 proposed Alli ,cl c .:-rvmony i.n Turin .r:Lth Fr ncl1 participatio·;1. Ee stated Fr{')nch had be_,n oblig d to com., to Turin in 19/t0 to sign capiculr-1.tion and ceremony wuld r ,mov. that sting. . will not p ,rmit th0 c.,rcmony to t[->Jr~ place . 11 2 I av --- directed Truscot., to ndvanc as rapidly ·1s rossi )L to th. Franco·•"ft2.lian bord Jr trikinf~ all practicabl stel,o to ,ncourage th Fr ,nch to withdraw hut in any case to ,stP.hlish frontLr control · us . If hostiliti ,s nr thr -~.teiLd b .. ~1--iis act:i 0:1 b~ hes Y en instructed to he ve lns troops s cancl fast . nd to n::1- an i.1JJ ,diat., r~ _ort to his headqu~rter s. 1 J n 3 er ·-ve are a,- ,er1pting Jo move U .. S troops · nto border ar c • as dir..,ctcd in AFHQ ?.1C 7'222[ and FX 724"1 ·.nr~ to sta'tli~h A.I Gas rnpidly as poss·1 le . lhil . +,he •r Jnc troops on t:1e 0 round 11:r-. :xvr ,rLl. cor liPl to om· troops, the ..,rogress w are ma .inf~ is not sntisfq.ctorJ bec;:ius., of priss~ive in,,t'.,rfe:cence __ rom Fr.,nch h . y hav·, orge,niz rorc" hloc}rs on Jrey rout ·· and T'1R. fo it v .,r;.r di ,..ficuit for adv of om· tr o s . r,ruscott considers th!lt unfo tunc1. incid . nts rill if ou- ( dv...,nce is rush~d, arid I concur 1 J 1t i- _ n Cr'!'n:~ area Fr .. nch ,,Lm ,nts Dl" stimu'_Ptin1 op1L-r pro French c emonstrations l!'rencb flags ar., rromin ,ntly cd splayed am1 local Cammitt .,e ha. s order ~ct Itali'l n lags ta ~ n do1:v11.. Forms r-irc b ,ing d ·1str:tbut ;d 1/) for signature urging ann.,xatio.1 of nrea by France . Fr ,nch he v,__, or ''er, 1. It..-lie.n to accept trenc. currency In some instances one franc is given for one lir, to in.flu ntial civi1ians . Si UPtion in.AOSTA area is genern.11 tLe same . hny Itqlrn.n pn.rtisa he ve e.;(pr .,sse · their rem 1 iness ·co fight Fr nch if necessar, • s "5 I a 11 not 1mdul alarmed ov ,r this situntion )Ut it is rot .nt-'o..lly \ dangerous . I am confid, t t . 1.n,t th, Fr ,ncb ,vil_1 not . . ngagc in ar ..ci conflict with T • S .. troops. r:a.ny of th, loc2.l C01"1""1 ,nc1 ,rs s ,rv .,d un' ,r rn, • n t 1.., Fift 1 Army and r f ,,r w:l.+,h ·"'rid , to thn nssochtion vhcn our lJ Hison office,rs vi,·i.t French units. Howev,r I clo riot lvw-, complet, co trol ov ..r tie ItFtlian r2.rtisans e.n, ::.ncidcnts 1-et,,e n th n anc1 Fr ,,nch troops mR·r occur at r.ny time v1i h unfort,m: t., r .. sults . If th .re is . ny additional pressure i 1/h_· ch ca11 e brouc1 ht on th . French Gov rmr1 ,nt vO s ,,cur , a.n imm ,diate w1 thdrawA.l . urgent , r ,comm nd that such action h . tak~n . n 'S . r ,nc forvrrrd .,lemJnts no, occupy th ,· ✓ n .ral linu PP.E ST DIDIF,R , _)tr"' 10I1'~HO SAL3ERmRPi. AIGUILL c3 (FRAJCZ) 0RGO d DALi ffi XIO, ·m, ~s, ~, ~\ff1JfiJC'rLIA , with l .,ments approximately 10 1-:ilom ,ters east of th 'T ~~-7 I ·IGLIJ\ ROAD . 11 cmmo, 1 * * * FLORBNCE-- 1AY 12, 1945--G n Jral Clro. .1r rnet Under JcretPTJ att rson, r~r . Cart r, G, 1 ral 'T'Hnsey, G ,n .r2.l Chidla · r>nd Colon ~1 Groe;, n at th., Florence 1 �( ( ( �a1rfi ,ld wh re they took off in Seer ,tary Pc tter•--on' s C-47 for Fj lan et oqo Arrivin , t 1015 th ,:r wer~ met b,r G ,_n .ral Cr:.ttcnb ,rgcr The pc rty th , n ove to th,, cent ,r of ~ 1• L n vh .,r a guard of hon.a·· , ras h ..,ld for the tTnder S .er .,tro\f of , ar ,, 11 h guRrd consi, t .. d .of rin .,ric~ n ~)outh /.\.fricr.n, raz:i.lian Italirm and ·iritish troops .. Aft ,r th., honors had b ,_,n given, t 1 S ,cret~.ry r ,vfow ,d t., gun.rd Tr-i th G ,n ·:,.l ClPrk ., G .n ,n:i l Crittenbcrgl_.r th ,n took Lie rr·nder ecr ,tnr G ,nerR 1 Clf-lr: an,1 pc rt;v on t1 fort -five minut sight-st~ in:, tour of Nilrm r, At lM.5 th .,y arriv1,d IV Cor} s Heedqu,.._rt..,rs in Milan v.,rher.., G .,nera l ritt-nber :,er introduced t.., nd.,r S ,cr.,tHry to th following t ivisional comnn.nders: Gen___,ralAlmon , Gcner~l Bale, Gen.,r~l D.nL,ls G.,ncr:=il Ut:Ui, G .,ncral oo 1, at1t G-..,n..,ral JiaSCRrenhR s . rr 1., Under Secretnry spoke to ·he a . . sem' l..,rl g, .n ,rc 1 o .. ficers congrP.tulatin~ h m on their .,r~Rt accom lishment~ hvre in Italy and how proud the p opL int United StAtes 't er~ of th, gr at job the, 1ave don ., G n.,ral Critt nb~rg r th ✓ n Jnt rtained Under S ,cretnry of Hnr Fe.tt ,rson and G ✓ ..,rE'..l ClRrk at c lunch at th, Conti· ntal Hotel in d-"lan .. J'J~yor Grat ti of r'1ilA.n nnd s veral high ran:V.-ing partis n o c>ficiB ls v-r _,re rr ,s nt at th lunch. Irnmedfa.1.,ely ft .,r lunch G Jn.,ral lar1r and J:'GrtY drove to t r ilan B.ir ort rher ., th ,y took off in C-47" s for V~ llafrnncP_ •Th .,r th ,y · were met Pt t , f ~ , ld by G nerP.l Mruscott . Uith G ,nerPl Truscott th~y th .,n drove to the command po t o the Fifth Army , t Veron"' wher.., th Unr1er S er ,tPry r .3 met b a guard of honor ., G nerals K y , Liv say Coulter , la.ys, ? .ndall, Carl ton, _omrd, ullivr-m and staff o •"'f -~ c .. rs of Fifth Army Headquart .rs all as'7 mbLd in .,n .,ral Trw1cott t s conf ,r .,nc hut here they -wer , address .,d bri ,fly b;r the nder s~cr 1tary of War congrntulatinF; t m on the great n ccomplishra ,nt r1ade her , in Ital:r. Imm.,diat,l, ollo, in~ a shot cer,:mony, GJnerel Clnrk wit th Fnrl.er S er ,tary ~,rr . Crirt r , G ,n__,ral T:msey, Colon .1 Gro _ an ., G .,nernl Chidlavr took off _rom Villafranca for ~mice wh ..,re the7 land d at th~ Lido airport . rr ,re the. .,re met b,r _ igadLr Richards , Comma.nding th, -6th Are , who took the party b;-tr la11n ~h on a tour of 1 enice . The r-2..rty too1c off from V ..,nice at 1830 hours , arriving in Flo ence at 19'30 hours General Clnrk entertained th Und ,r S ,cretar~r, rr . Cart r and GcncrRl Tansey- for dinn r this Jvening Gen ral Clark toda:r s .,nt the f'ollovTing message to G~neral Mccreery: lfFi ,ld rnnrshr-i.l Ale.,~anrl"r tocla, sent th., follo ring mes. ag .., to TITO riress· ,g ., begins · HI have been order .,<l JY th" Br-i.tish · nd Unit d Stat ,s gov ,r 1111 ,nts to occur. and ~c1minister th ustrian rov· nces o_ S ·yr:i a and Cr rin-0hin . Py · rooJ s have occupi ,d VillA-ch ·and Klag ..,nfurt and hr v., nact ., junction ii th the .cus..,ian at oitsberg west of Graz . ITy Allied ITilitary Gov .rmnent has "-Jcen proclaim .d and esta. •li..,hed in tl,, c1rca ·rb ich I h~ ve occupi~d . I urn:i .,rstand that on ~qk ,d the alli d 3ov rnm ,,nt. for c zone in Au.., tria to bo allott ,,d to you or occupq.tion on ·1.,. : srm., asis s th0 oth~1 Pllfos . I nm as kin th., Allied Gov ,rnri1ents to tr.1{~ u this question urr ently. 't �( )JJt~' / . ' • ~~~ i ~ ' ' I ~ ' <1,j; ~ ·- ~ )~~ . ( �Meanwhile I ask you to for bid yo J.1"' t.roops o mov ov .,r the Austrian fronti r and to vd thdrau n.n who hav.,, rlr .,ady crossed rrhe pr~s nee of Yugoslav forces in St, ia and Ct1· 5nthia can· only confu;:) th., situntion and make my task mor ✓ difficult You may ely on m to administer th~ ar a impart-inlly and without pre.iudic to any clA.ims you may 'II ish to make lRt .,r to portions o AustriR.~ , I still get r, arts thPt Yugoslav orc_,s ~ r west of the Isonza an.cl ar P1aki g r~quisitions nMr Udin .. I trust thr-t you vdll ord~r the requ-tsitio-:1.in _, to cease im1n__ :1iately Dnd Yill rd thora r these forcJs ILssage ,,nds . " * * * * -NIAY 13 191{,5--At 0~30 th~ G neral drove to the Florence r ·irpqrt to . ay good ye to th_, T der Seer tary of'" Hnr who is leaving thi morning by nlano .or Paris FLORE~TC At 1000 hours the Gen.,rnl, accompanied by G nerc 1 Sa.ltzm:_m, left by C-47 for P.osignono rhere he -ras met b., hi jeep nd r·riven to his ville. in Castiglione ..,llo rhere h ~ sr ,nt the night .. * * *· * 14 , 1945- General Clnrk left Rosig ano y air at approxima In his party were BrigAdier P~chi.rd, G___,nerr:.l , altzmr-in, Lt . Col Short s nior Sout African officer on Gencr<-.1 Clnrk' sta.r-f, and Uss 'Theron dau., t r of Eaj . Gen h;ron, Arlmihi trative Officer of the Jnion Def ,nee 7o~es he pl?n L~nde<l at T,flilnn at about 1000 hour FLOF.ETJC ~-- ,¼Y 11 t .,ly 08.30 . Gen .,ral Clarkt s party was m~t by G~n ral Cri tten Jrg r " They drove through Hilan to the South African Division comm~nd r-o .... -1:, . Here Generr-1 Clark ta.lkc,,,d to Titr Stur:rock, South A''rican Hinister of Rnilwajr-=, nnd Transportation , and Acting Hinist,.r of Defense , and also Lt Gen . Sir 1-i rr . . Vf:n R;meveld, Chief of Staff, Uni n Defense ~ore s., ;sides other mcmb~rs of th ir pP.rt.r. General ;lark, aecompani d y G ;n rc.l I oole , Divisional Comnandcr, and th~ oth~r distinVJish ,c1 visitors th n drov.., to th, Autodromo, Milan s famvd race trac_.. . Here th ,r., ivas n. full-sized gc rd of honor , Pnd repres ntativ, detc chnLnts from all the units in the division. ,mre draun up on rprade . Som, our b~ 1 L --ron units of t 1e r ivision 1vcre 2 lso on parade . Aft .r r~n~r, 1 CL: rY Pnc Mr Sturrock hP.d in Sp ct ,a tr., guard of honor t.-1~,r -~ i'\T8S r>n imrrossiv~ decorction C ,r~mony in vhic some thir ·..-r or'd rri.,mb:.rs o-r> th, division receiv ,d m .ricr-m v;ards for gall[rntr.,r rtnd m~.,r:itorio 1s s ~rvic • Frincipc· 1 a I ong thes ... was th .• a ·irr>rcl .o f the 1~ ion 'Of 1 ri t , Degree of Gomaande . . , -Lo Gen. "'f . E . H. roole , Commander of th., hth South Afric;=m Armor ,rl Di vision . -Aft..,r the decoration c .. r ✓mony, the entire division drove past the , nlu ing · as This was a most impressive sight A.nd took some two hours in all . 0th ,r high rankin.e o·rficers P.t th, cer .. mony w__,r . G ncrE>.l mruscott, G ,nerril Th"'ron rind G .,n..,r" l Bolte . Follo~inp; thr-? c~r ,mony, G .. n ·r.., 1 Pool . ..,nt~rtained th .. ~u sts to '"n op .,n-air llmch ,on in the lovely grounds of thl'!! Ro. ml Palace . Aft . .r hmch (} ,n1,ra.l Clark d ov., back to the air i .. ld anr~ fl .w to Rosi~Rno , arrivine a ou-t 1700. �Duxinq · e coPl"'se of th, da,r G .n rnl Cl~rk a.loo r "t Colonel m.tteo , P· rtisan lertd.r ir IilF.n 1ho had r centl,"" bJ.,n ~ "ignrted C :iJ f of Staff to G~nerc: 1 Jrirdona 1 G ,n .r,., 1 Clr .r I c... toda~'" cr-1.bl .,d G n ,ral r"cGreer"; as fo11ows ~ "1 1 ressur on Tito is no'~ einc; transferred from th military to the gov r ·11:1 ,ntnl 1~ v , ., ' . . ndin.c ac io-1 y ow.~ gov .rnn nt s r-ipply no rnili tar; rr ,s .,ur · tn but con fin our r ef'.linP's vri th him r-md l i,... orces co11c rff11 ., ·· - ... ; "'. r RTrnnJi m nts incid ,nt ·e,o elev loping < d ,--::-------------.---;;;-:;----· i ,ste to A.ustr · a The R of ·y-u~osl v .1.. ore s in kt s·crL is covere . L c~. r I l, 11 2 You 'ihould t< le steps r.nc1 ma.k, arr "1gem~nts , o tl rt hofft,.: l i L.s involving . .,.our .. orces and thos of YugosJBv1 can only occur tbroup;h r "'Ult of c: t·jac on ym.ir forces b: th~ YuE;oc::<l2vs "3 In so far r n pr, ctic ble you qhould confine nl1x· troors in contact :ith :Cu ;oslav,3 to nritish d S 01 c s You Pr , ( uthoriz ,d to us 'Tew Z aL 1d cr·oops in contact wit Yw.,.osl[1vs .Y * * * FLOR ~rTCE- T'tA.Y * "'81 left his vill::i at Ca::n,ig ion} is h .,adqunr in lorenc , erriving t l.100. lar ~, ir~m ;diat ..,,ly upon 1is return cal . ,d meeting o an Brann , r--ate c 1r1 Colon 1 Smi t:r with r ,f ,r .,nee ,ost · o th vi.cin: ty of Bolsano ., ce'ilo and hours G nerP.ls nru.,n co m11 ving th., .At 1?30 J'fr Br:· vi h } olitical Advis r on Austr--t r n Affairs , cam_. . o c nd remain~d for lunch At 1 ~00 hours th., Gen rel a·ct ,nd d a w dd. n~ , tl,, _nglo. can Hot 1 of r1iss Ross i'o .,11 1 .'\.m ,ric n R ,d Cross to Lt Col Robert Ra , Ar ·illel";'l .. ction) Fi t} l\.rmy ~·he Gen . . rnl ;---ve th., 1)rid~ nw2c anrl d d t 1 r ,c.., tioa n.nf dinner " * * NfAY 16 1911-5,la1·k arriv d at is h ,::idqmn·t ,rs at 900 ·1d at 09~10 l 1iss 1, .,· , y,j tish :)hr-> ~ s .,r:i. n a ,tres--: 'ho as be ,n entsrtaining Souti1 Afriean troops h .,r, in H,qly,, cam Lo ay h r rsp ,ctA to G n :ral Cl?rk At 0930 G~nerql S .,vin, Fr nch R(i-;rres ntGtive to the Alli d Control o-·,mispim c, 11 to s e n- 1 ;r'"' 1 Cl k . t is r1or-nilw; c Au 1000 hours G ,n r 1 1-'ift 1 inp; th C P K n G~n Dis wi m "O ..,omP1r-ind 10 \, at 1111:: hours t Y (} 1nr~ls 1 , Hays, Liv . . say o.nc 1 n .. decor g , ,rvic nquiuh .,d r~ rmd ,rs 1 too of· "Y C-l1i-7 for the ny v Ls to 11 .... h ... ld, n. riv rivr-il nt the cor1r,1rnd Jost G,n,rr-il ~ y ,s , Critt ,nh,.,rp;er , Coult r, nor ·ras i1 d ich lRrr, i Oa L., ~ 1 LJ is 1 Clark c'ecoratc G . cott. ., G n · .:. r1..1scott t_ n is r;. .,n ral Crittenb rger ru cot gun.rd " �J divisional conr·k..nders - Gen ... rals Coult ,r , Hr-i.ys L:i.v~s~w , Kend 11 Pnd Bolte . A:."'ter th c ,r ,mon G ,n .,ral Truscott ntert~iru3. th, vn rRl o fie rs at a uffet lunch :i.n his conf~r ,nee ~1Ut 0 Immediatel. a t .,r "lunch th Gen .rP.l fl ,TT bP.ck -to his comw1nd rost in· Flor .,nee, nrr i vi ng Ht 1600 hours T e J ,n,...r!:' 1 sp .,nt th :ccmri ind ,r of th .• afternoon in his of·,...ice , r turning to his villa at 1830 At 19 O General Clark with G nernl Grwmth .,r , attenrl ed a cocktail partv given b,_ Briga.dier ac. '"nrd nnc th _, members of th,, "A 0 1 'Icss . G.meral Clark s citatlon for his Or-tk Leaf Cluster Service f.iI de.l reads as follows " o the Dist··_n 1ish d [/\,JlK W CLARK 05309 , G n ral H~nd .uart rs Fifte nth Arr:r Group , for xc~ptionall~y m ,r ~ ,or:i ous service in a dut:r of t1re t r sponsi iP ty in Nort-1 Africa and I P.ly ram 5 ,Januar;v 19/+3 to ~J · a.y 191+5 As Comm~ndi _n g G ,n ,rnl , ?ift 1 Arr1.y, from 5 Jnnuar, 1943 to lS Decemb..,r 19Li4, !"nr~ as Cor'!r.1 ndin, f1 ,n..,ral , Fift .,enth Arm~ Group rom l'S Dccemb :-r 19/+4 to 2 ~"Y 19/+S , G~n.,ral Cln.rk d~monstr .t ,d ,xtrf-lo dinary v ,rsatil..;ty a:'1.1. unif'orml sup rior [:',bili ty ann 1 ,ad rship as org!mizer , administr[l.tor , nd combat lea ,,r In Janunry 1943 h, organiz d th, Fifth Army in riorocco and imm dfa.t ly 1m("'e too. 71:th consp cuouu succ ss he mission of Pdministering the territories of Jforocco n,11(:1 w~st ,rn Algeriri , trr.ining mrny units for combat in Tmlisia and r;u sequent campAi~ns ,. and 1>rovidin-'s ef n iv m a surcs age.inst rt possibl.., t ,,rmnn invRsion o S anish Tiorocco . H,, com.mand d the Fifth rmy in t , invas10~1 of Ital~r at Sal rno on q Sept nber 1943 , nnd successfully achi ,,v ... c1 th .., limdings in spit, of strong and "et rmined German resistance , ·.rhich :> 'av ,ly thre ten~d th ,ir accomplishment Unc' r his insptrh1g LL cLr~hip his forc..,s quickl, seiz d th initintiv ' rov~ t ,rough t1, mounta· ns ~7ij ch fa.; 1:) we.:-n Sal ,rno an ··h ., vitally imr,ortant port of ~fo,ples anc captm---~d that c~: t;r within hr ✓ w eks of lan i g ., 1 7 en his ~urth ·.r 20..vanc _, nor -nm.rd was obst- uc:t .... ~ ~,. a cor~ ination of sev r, wint r cono ··tj_ons ancl heavily fortifi .,d moUt"1.tain d _ ,ns ,s , he planned and e:ccutcd n, . lan { amphi ious attack at Anzj o and pcrsonall, ciir ,cter t e de ~nse of thai., eac h ,ad aga: nst de err:1in d nemy attacks in large force to dislodge it .. In th" o-ffensiv-.., of MRy 1943 , h, eYhi i ed ext aordj nary tactical g nius in th planning and d., fo.·i L-d d5.!' ,ction of coordinat:~d attac-s from th, Garigliano and Anzio fronts uhich r ,sulted in a major def . . At of the opposin~ German ·"'orces v ho \~ ere driv ,l1 from Rome and fore d to r .,treat nor-th of 1e Arno River . IL l~d the Fift Army north o~ th., Arn in an off .,nsi v which hro ., the.: G ,rmans 1 strong ,st Italian def~nso positions , th., Gothic Line in the Appennine Range . rpon assuming command of th0 Fifteenth Arm~r Group, c coordinat ,c so thoroue:hly t e Allied cnmpon . . nts , consisting of AY! ,ricr-m, '3ritish , Canadian, South Africans ~T~n Z ,a.landers , Indir-m Arm:r mroop, , Fr1'nch en , Pol~s , rnzilians ., Palestinians a.nd Itr, lfans, that in he spring o.ffensi v..,, "ll• ich b gan on April 9 1941> the Fifth rind ~i "htb A.rmies under his corrmand achL,ved in thr t, 'leeks th . cles.1-ruction of' th . . G ,rman : orces in It-:i 1.. and forced t 1e ir unconditional surrender General Clark t s foresight , tacticr 1 an( r-i.c ministrative abili t: leade~rship c .ncl p~rsonal courrv,, hr vc throur;hout this ntire perj od be .,n so con.::,pi cuous thn. t th... hav p:r·ovider a cont ·i i1uous inspiration to all his su1 ordinc.Ls an rssociaLs . oth as Co me.nder of 11 1 �i ") -- l II J the 1 ifth Army and of th, Fifte .nth Army Graul hL , cl-:i ,v Jd r markf-1,bl _. success · n producinc; hnrnonious toa war { ,_.m n ~ th c iv ..,rs AllLd troops un er is command uho were at all tim-.-s imp,11,d to follow his l,adership and to work tog th,,r coop ,ra ti v -.-l;r vowe.xd t, com11on goc: 1 upon rhic}, ·1., k ,pt theil attention 1 nsw~rvin ,1:.. • fixed H-i,... ?.Ccomplishments hf)Ve reflecL,d g-rea t er c it upon his country ancl hnve eon o 1ne stimable value to t 1 ___ United. TJations in th-, complet defeat of G .,rmany F~ntered th United States I ~ili tar,'" Academy from J,~w York If · G Jneral Clark today ca l~d G ,n ,r 1 r,ruscott as . ollovJs: /~ ( 11 This headquarters has · '!en inform d by SACI!..i:D tlmt it mr-~ _..come necessary ih the imrnediat f'uture o carr.r out op ,rations to ~j ct nar shal Ti o r s forces from Southern Austrrn and all or portions of Horthvast Ttal:,r.. These opnrat~· ons will b conduct d by both r ., .' . and British orces under op .,rationa c01'?Pl~.:t1<l of ,ighth rmy., :!:.t will be ncce,ssary for ◄ ive Army to furnish a r.,inforccd corps of t~:ro poss·ibly three, U .. S divisions including th, 91st Division It is f:ir ✓ ct~d th, t the 10th U .. S i~ountain Di vision be al ,rted for mov nent to th, Udin, , re,a on or after 17 Hay. If r ,quir ✓ d , -:,he '3rd TJ . S Division is not exp cted to be cL.lled forward prior to 1 Sun ., • s:' .• U S. II Corrs ·hicJ.1 :· ill omrnan<l -the U. S . troops in. +,hi o ration ,,fill s nd a plannin~ staff to iiain Eir,hth Ari.y Headqnn.r ers without delay Fi th rrriy ;ill er sponsibl for th, supply of the J. s . troops engPg d in tris op'-'ratio1 . 11 G neral ruscot sent General Clar c the f ollouing letter co day 1ith regard to h.,_s confer nc., with G ,n ral Do, en ;OJrunander of French Troops in i'To thw , t Italy. n 1. Gen ,ral Do~ ,n CoT1Y1Md ,r of th , French Arrny of the Alps , visited my command post at noon , 15 fiia., 194S 4' I r,c ived him with a guard of · honor . Ho was accompani d b:r his D~ --ut:r Chief of .Stnff, a Lia.ison Officer with Cr n0.rnl Doy...,n from 6t Arrtr Group , and an Aid.., de Crimp .. n2 . Tn our conference , I -,gn.n . y pointin., out the t th ., Fr nchItalian ord .,r he.d br:, n d f" n ,d b~ the Cor-ibined C.1:ie fs of Staff as the oundBry between t_1e I e,dite ranean and ~urop .,an Theat rs of Or,~ration; that is to sa:r, · . lin of the former French-ItP...... :L,.,n j, 3i.ris~-Itril:iRn, [l.nd Austrian-Ifo.lian fronti~rs , a 11d had J xn so 0ccept .,d ½;f P.11 Allies concern( d . T 1 , mission of th, Supr ,m~ Alli~d Gommand..,r of the M.,diterrnn ,an mh..,~ter ,. 2.fter defeating th, cn,emy in . is .,a1., ,r of OJ ,r~tions, is to occupy the ·'-.erritor,, ov~r-run :l is ...,rmi s, r'"'-estn.blish la r and ord ,r, 1"lith a vi ,w to return such areas to stR Jlished gove nm ..,nts ?.t th., appropria.t , time . So fa as ·,ror hwest Italy is cone .,rn d , · is mission h, s been P ssigned to Fifth ArIT1, und r 15th Arrn.y Grou '11her .,.for, , n:v· ~.ssign~d mj ssion r .. quires me ~o occupy all of forth 11est Itnly and establish mil:tnry gov rnment in all th ., area b ,tw ,en t prese 11t 1oundary J w en th~ Fift ~ and Ei.~hth rmi s nnd those int _.rm.tional boundaries prev.; ously r ferr ,d to . I remr1rked that G~n ...ra.l Do~ n ou _d understand the t , since th,_, area qu stioncd w s part of the zone of action a llocat d to th, Vi ,diterranl")P.n Thea· --..r of Op ra.tions T could erm· t no intorf . . renc .... dth the fr e r-iovc m ,nt of my troops uithin t , area . n 3. !3. • Gen~ral Doyen r pli .d that , for his part , htj hnd complied l �I with all mil ,tary orders he hn.d t, us far received . H, had been as ed t o at ta.cl,. on thv 9th of Apri from is xistin(l' front Hn,, \· ic }, , hAd don • H.., hnd defeat cl t,r e fore'"' oppo'""-l.ng him c~d had pu1:sued th ,m into Italy. Subsequ ,ntly, h h( d b n orderec1 to st op , B.n<l h hPd coripl:i.ed wit .. that order . Fin~.lly, h, hrd ) , .,n ora ..,r .,a by the ?th Army Group to vith raw his forces 1 om Italy to the French- Italirin fron t ier .. IL hfld not complLd with th t ord r inasmuch P..s h b lived it imno~sibl, , under th circ1.: m tances , for an ii'rench G--n . . rRl to con ly Ti th such an order without reference to his Gov ,rnm,,,nt . Gfl')ner~l Doyen , th ,,r.efor e , ,;as awai tin~ confirmP.t1.on by his Gov rnm ..nt b ,fore is suing any ord~rs for th,.., withdrawal of his troops from Italy. / \ _ Gtm~rc1l Doyen w nt on to say h, felt he should explFiin th~· reasons b ..,hind t he .i: r~nch occupat: on of It_ 1 His troor:J Y.,re comros d of nativ ,s of 0avoie , D;:iuphin ... , , nd th, Pnri time Alp-s .,se p .,opL h.Pd b cm subj .,cte-d to the hur1iliation of the It lfan rirr:iisticc t ,rms of 1940 and to the subsequent occu1a.tion by Italian troops . Th'"" unpleasant m,mori evok .d in French m:nds by · h, Itn.li:r>n o cu_ Rtion stj 11 surviv s Consequently, :.n th., minds of th ,)ord ,r peopl , , it is but simpL justice for French t r o ops to occupy ItP.1 · en territory in tb ., sam.. c.. nner th "t Italj n.ns had occupied Fr ..,nch territory und .r s:Lmil.'1.r circumstanc s . Gr,neral Doyen also stat .,d t lPt all Frenchm n consider d that Frc nee ,,as ':ntitl d to r .., :ara :,ions from Italy- for damage done . H, hast .n d to point out trc t al though t e Italian occupation h;_::i_d res lilted in som , unpleasant inci6ents bet-rrecn Itoli, n soldi rs ~md th,, F'r,,nch populat~on, the conduct of his m n troops ~n tal, had b ~n entirel,r correct -in all r sp cts an<.:; it vras m tt .,r of consid .rabL ·rride to him thf't this h, d be n ~o 0 • tt4 . I stat..,d thr-it J couln. not di cuss or settl., any ri_u,,stion of as it ,.,ras obv·i ous y 2-. m tt~r to Je trcP.,t ,d ".t tl1-- p ace tabl~ , in conferenc, with all the AllL:il nations . How,,ver, my militPry miss~on r majned cl ar and I emphasized that this mission obliged me to occup, the entire ar ,a to th , 1 ormer Frenc - I tP.lian frontier; th~t :in vi .. w of G ,nerrl Doy n t s stateP1ent r -la.tiv., to withdrc. in~ this would n ,c s sitate my pl cing deta0hm,nts Ghroufsh an 1 even Jn rear of Fr,nch troops disposed in Italy, thnt my mis ion r~quir, m to set up Alli ,d mili tP.ry gov rnm.,nt throur;hout this ar~a of resrons,bilit.y_ including those ar as in taly no._r.r occupied y F'r nch militar. p .. rsonneL I request"'d G..,ncral Doy .,n to coop .. rAt., with m so thPt I mi~ht f'ully C<. rr, out my assign ,d mission s o that no unt oward incidents rn~i gh affec in the lea.st 1 ,grM th , tradit."..oMl French- Arn~ric.:1n frien hip of long st~nding . r rarat::" ons 1 , 5 G~n .ral Dob ,n r~pli ..,d that hf!! could assure m, there 7ould be no int .,rfercnce whntever lrr Fr .,nch troons to the eyccut · on of t his mission . ' H,~ saict it uas o½viously irn.possi )1 . . for him to acv ·1it ·1out furthr-:r guidance fron his Gov .,rnmvnt ut · hRt h, exp ,cted to see G n~rr.l .Tuin shortl., and would discugs th., ntire matter with him . He h::-id ev ry hope that G.,n ,r2.l Juin would b., abL to obtain a solution to the probl .m on a government al leve L. In th , meantir , he request ,d thnt I t:-:ike cognizance of the actual cHsposition of his troops on ItrdiPn soil n.nr p .n'm:it th ,ir freedom of clrcnlati on and administration . 11 ; n 6. of J:t rench I r ,plied that my troops '.rnuld not int rf ..,re with the movem .,nt troops nor rmy Alli ,d troop;; • thin tl , nree so long s such I �rnoil1 ment~ did not im.,erfere with the full accomplishment of my mission and that it nould be necessar for G., ern.l Doyen to insure t:be.t French t roops · interfere in no wa:r ~lfith th:,, fr .c rnoVE,men of my p ,ople .. Gene r .al Doyen :replied t c..t he hr1 d alreR.d, issued orders to ·1., is .ffect and wmJld personally insure th;:;rt th y w re carried out . I ..,mphri.siz d ae::,in that it was my responsibilit, to estB.blish milit;tr·r gov ,rnm .nt in th area and - [It my M-:G personnel must be , .llowed free access o c 11 places ,..rh re th ;, were r quired to go . 11 7 1◄ inally Gen_.rnl Doyen ask .,d m to co:i1sider th., que!3tion of passage rights for c rtain French p,nm nts in tl t, l font Genis area to graz., their cattL in w. iat is now Itr-il · an t rritory r.rhc history of this particular r gion is described bri ,fly as follows : On tlD ann --cation of Savoie by th Fr ,nch in 1P-6o the . pres ,nt Fr nch - ItR.lic .n fronti r W8.s established However , the Sllvoirird Hho inhP.hit . . o the Ta.n slebourg (Riv~r Arc) A.11 y wer, in the habit of ~razing th ,ir cattl on t 1.c plate2u sou.th of Hount C ,nis aD.d this tr ..,y .md continu ,d' to do , b ine e;t."'anted full passage righlts across t 1~, 1-)ord ,r . This pr~ctice continu0d until 1937 1hen · those peRsants holdin~3 property in t 1 r gion l1ad tho· r lands , expropriated y the ItBliPn deer . . s of 1937-1939 Il1fl smuch P.S none of tl 1 is ..,xpropriated pror~rt:r hti.s ever be n p::iid for by the Ital:irm Gov . . . rnmen , ·he Frenc{l Gov ,rrun nt has never r cogn~1 z ~d the legality of the -two deer . ,s and has dcclar c. them null and vo:_ · r14e pcasPll"Gs involved hav v ry little n..,ans of livelihood ano. ar b::i:ncaJly deT'endent on their fe.rms and cattle for their 1,x:tstenc • (} ,n ,r'"'l Do:ren then rropos ..d two solutions to th"' problem . 11 irst , that the frontLr out osts (Am"rican) be rrainta~.n as at pr ,mmt )Ut thP.t som, form of laissez - pass .. r ½e re cogniz .,d P..nd issued to t e ffl.T 1 rs , form,r o,•rners of pasturi:, land in Ital.. for the pm·pos., of o.llov ing t .. m to introduce ca.ttL on their forme1 holdinps to graze th .,reon; or, s~cond to i thclrc w our . rontLr gu.R.rr1 s to the south ast .,rn ,nd of th., -rlateau in qu~stion ?nd allovr the farmers free circulation w1 th thc1r flock in thnt . - roa . 1 rr s. I r .,plL. d thAt I could not nndor a d cj sion on a point of jurisdiction involving Pn intnrnation 1 ,J01m.dnr,_r tbnt it •·.-,s plain thPt the F ..diterrrmean Theater of Op"ratim s limits , as n1reafiy rl fin , could not be alt r _.a 7 oca1ly nor could J nsvr ... r th ")roposal . nde y G~n0rR . Doyen . ov,~ver , I agreed to t ri. ~1smi t Gener c 1 Doy.., n' s rropo a l and ace mp .. ny:ing man t roug t 1c Cor1manding ,n ,rRl., 15th Army Group to th~ Supr mJ Alli ,d Cor-1rnander of the r1 ,di• err~n~n.n ':'}i~( ter wtth a request fo_,. o. c-cis:i on on his ,conomic cri•"'is in that rec • "9 .. Since the attitude of th, Fr .. nch rrulitary hns be .. n to disclaim conn .,ctj on i-vith the political Rcti vi ti ,S fo'lrinf plac in hat ar .. A, I did · not rais ,. th:i. .q question with GenerP.l Doy,_.n I Pm of th,, oriinion th. ,t w can bes· control thnt by cstahl i shmng olU" mm A.PG p~rsonncl throughout the area ., rr General Clr1rk today cabled G ,ner .1 f/cNarn y B. '"'ol lows: Bascd UJon unconfirmed information thPt J.at,1r al communicntions in the Innsbruck ·area LIO t e Jalzburg ::1rea e;,ist Pnc resent plPn to com~ lete communications tueen "(l _rona and lnnsbruc ~- by Juno 1 , it is now cstimr,te·d th t 15t Arri Group can ssume op~r~tiorKll control :mt not administrati v, control TJ .. S., and French forces in Austrir:_ on or , 1out June 1 . 11 ;f I �:, +"'irm dat can be giv n . Additional j 11 ormntion is ... sired efor., mission is requ t .,d to r vi- 'VT this .stima:t. on 21 Th., . 11 C, ·>E- ~.t * Per- * FLOR.E JC"'1'--T1A.Y 17, 1911.5--Gcm..-ral Cur··,. arri v c1 at his headquarters at 0900 hours this norning . At 1100 hours th Gen .,rP.l took off for Ros." gnano by L- 5 wit his aide and c~rov .. cir . . ct to his villa at Gastiglioncello . In the R. · ,rnoon Gener 1 Grucnther anrl Colonel Porter ar.dved for a s ·rim and for dinner Today G ,1LrR.l CJErk recJiv .,d 8 rn ssagc from the 'fr.ir D_,prirtment ord ring him to r~turn to the ·rni ted Stat s to c:1.rri vc in Chicago on Hay 29th rh,.,r., a celebration would ., lLld in his honor Grmi..,ral Clr:rk caol d Gener J1cC. e .,ry as follows today. HAmplL, in;;; instructions con-·ained in my SGS 3qq and SGS 399. 1- .nd;.. of rres--.-nt _overnm .,ntal n got;j: tions w~th Yu:,oslnvs, you rill avoid entc.ring into an._ si~1..,d B.fs!'e r1e1t with Yua-oslav corm,. nrl rs . You vnll continu., vr:i.th the occupation of areas in V~nezia. Giulia whic you now hol , And ,,hie 1 ar ., necessary for the dev _..lopm_.,.nt ond op~rri.tion of your 1 of C from Tr-i. ste o Aus ria The port of Trieste will 1J used to ma.int, in yom· forces ·o hv ext ,nt vr" ich locr1 situ, tion ,(\:rnits . ing outcor:, 11 In Austria you "ill continu.., to occupy ~tour assigned zone subj c to sue _ local ag::i... . G'"'m---nts ul ic~ you n1-:: ,, wi t . , 0 ov :· t;) 11 ( * * ...,f:t * FLOR'::} CE-- ~:A~[ le-, 1945--A 0' ·15 th.., Gon .. rnl his vil. a nrrivL1g 2t --he Rosi1no.rw 3Jrrort at 0 30 wh,,r 11 vas mJt J, his C- /{,7 . G ,nera Tc. wj uh Colon ,1 nt T\.,il, G-4 Fifth ArE1,_r, ·rcr., ·.aiV n for G n ,r;-i ClRr c a ., t 1e f5 _,ld rnc ·o ,et _ r they too.<: off' for C, s,..,rta for a SAC Poli ticc 1 a. i ta:r•y conf ere nee ~n , Gvnvr, 1 P rriv ,d r.t Gas ,rtR at 1015 . Go 1 • lPT' :e conf .T:red uith G .,n..,rr 1 ·1c1fa:rney u·n tll 1030 an0 th ,n att ..-nd _,c 1JL conf r .,r1c until 1230 . A-..,t .. r thP. conf· rc..ncf, G,.,ner: 1 n1ark tPl.< _d wi . Gr-me r .1 rrcm,r-1. .,y un· il l?.4.5 n.m t 1 .,n lune 1.,d ~ s G..,n .,rnl rTcNarn0y 1 s guest Jir .. rn"ry .r;flor Scripps-Ihm.rd; I Hjor G n .rnl ~'1' .,lson, "'h ,jo G n ,r0.l I .,nc.:.. , 13ri[_;ac.ier G,. n ,r~.l PacGrudcr ~mr ., al ':30 gu., sts of Gen .. ral T1c 1'Ia.rn _,y for lunch 4 J., l\.fJ:,er lunch G neral '"'lar< m.,·J r11r . nffie a.11d Lt . Col. Charles ThBy.,r , ex b ..,ad of O":S in Yur;oslavia anc, to :Ji:, h~ad of ffiS i.n Austria . They drove with him to ·} te airport wh r , they bade him gooclbye . G .ncral Clark fL\v ack to osit;nano arid drov to his illa at Castiglione llo , arriving 8t his villa at 1630. G_mcrrtls .orann , McI7ahon n.nd Colonel Grogc:m cane for the aft rnoon ru1d v •ning ., * * FL RB .. J , - IJAY 19 1911-5--At 0900 ours General :7tosig.:1ano to Florence . The GunEffPl srent the ferring with P1err1 ~rs of hi ~,tr._::.:·r and wrking At 1?30 Gen rn.l Doy m, o~ 1ri-andint?; French troo1 * Clark fl .,w in Ins L 5 fro1 norninf:; in his office conon accumulPt d p:i,rers s in Jorth,1 .,c:•t It, 1 ", and �1.· s Ghi~f of Staff , Gen :. cal l,or crt cnm ·o p.qy th...,ir resp cts to G ne~. al Clark and o discuss th . . militai--y situa.tion A ;) iard of honor \ s h ,ld for Gt;n ,:r[11 Do,y-en aft .r which G .n .,:cal Clark ,o :lferr d 7i -h him in 1is a · fie for h, .lf an horn.~ ,1ef ore lunch . r he 1} ~ner&.l t,h~n ent ,rtaine GenLrB 1 Doy .,n anc"1 his Chii.,f of :)t;iff for lu:1c • G n ,r,, 1 Loyem 1 ft ir m,__,dia t . . ly after lunch , and G~no:r-. ___ (; lar1r too1: off by L-:3 for Cr stiglionc lo At 170 ours Gen Jral Caul t ~ arrivud at Ccistiglionc~llo to spvnd. the nig it ith G ,n~rel Cla:r-k Lt Col 1;ygaarc1, .·ajor Qc-iw..-.ld , th G n n,l s L 5 pilot and Lt Essri.r~r vLr, c: lso r;uests at -1~1 villa for th, night . Th, Gen.,ral saw· t½,.., film urrwo Dovrn and · n To Go 11 and T·etired earlJ .. G JLr~.l la.rk cnbl~d FL,,ld l1nrshal Alexa: c,er ns confer nee 'lith G .n "o.l Doy n .. ollaws ollo"ing his 11 R .fercnc.., Frvnch situation in i'Jorthwest It, .ly. I compLtcly cone lI' in : our vj_eus as :cp. ·ess . esterd'"'.: 1.,hn t t." , Allied gov ,rnr1ents should mak~ strong r ,pres .nta ,io1ls to th Freme Governm ,nt · 1th -. vie,.,.-, to r.i.vlng Fr,..,nch troops 'I:i.thdrawn · rom t 1~~ at t----- earliest rosc•ibl dnt "Cr era.l Doy n , Conmanding Frnncl). Arni of Alrs , visit d He eXJll~in ,,d th< t "i"'rcnch ~roo:r.1s VI --~' s ..,riousl.r c ~ ,aVi·o.:.nt d to stop ad vane , in ::. al Just , s vb ~Y uer , , . Jout -r:,o .,~4 loi s · atec ·t,J. at rrestiie, and honor of 7 r r1.ch ArrQJ r -1.uir ,s thr-it re u:ir .d to vri ,hc1:caw from I ,aly at tl ~s ti nc . I~ said thr,t ( me 1e:r, todr.y. '.·Jh ,n r ,qu1r .d victory. He Fr ..,nch not e h., f .lt quit, certain t at no qu.,stion of ann ,xation of It,,linn t ,r::eitory was involv d . At on stPo;e h sugg,st,d th2t instead of hPvfog Fr-.,nch troops ui thdra,-r h f Jl1., thPt American troops sl1oulo .crJ.v., rrn.y -.,o .,rmi1., ~'rench to occurv 1ro-ger area I to d hin I ras c ,rtain t _is ould nev :.r be a~ e1cd to . "It is p rf ctly s.ppa.r nt to m~ th t F'r ncl troops ill rem2 in g ,,ne rr lly in th~ir pr s ,,nt rosi d.ons :i.n I n.l~r f'or som · i 11., ·rhiL th~ situa tion is being discus'3 ,d on , ·overnmentnl levels . J k.. flrn,rhile vrith tv:o cor:1J'1' n- · d~rs in th.., ;:,ame ar .n and troors thoroughl:r mixed the s t up is unsatisfactor:r . In spite of drastic ord ,rs issued bf all corunr .nc crs cone .. rn .d to prevent incidents , ,...ome arc li2bl.., to ta1'"e pJFc"" , f'[irt~ cul,:,rly in vi w of r,,. im':'lrnnr1abl., :'rn.nco-Italian r •lr-i.t:i onship HTJntil th ,roblern is ~ ttl ,,cl by th, governn,,,nts I r . . corin..,nd thrt you consjd~ t~J,.in~ st., 1;:J to hcve F'r..,nc1 trooJ,s nm'"" J_n tal.., plr.ced und1'r op·,rationPl control of 15th Army Group . I in turn 1Tould attach th 1n to Fifth Army. his oulcl t .nd to bring order to th.., rrc~ent unsatisfactory s·tu.ation houlrl French troops pnss to my comm nd , it is ny plrm to a~sign t nem a definit., sect or of r sponsibilit .. - v hich .rill avoir th-✓ rresent vrbolesal.. mix~ng of r . S . and Fr .,nch roops AfG activiti throughout \ the whol.., c.r a 1·1ould continue to ·,.. m.,tion unc~er comn:"'nd of Fifth Ar y as the:r rre no1;r . Gen re.l Do? ,n c nsid rs my suo;gestion ,. lo1ic.n 1 on4' , though ho was v .ry car ful to avoid committing his s nior commrmder I in turn made it clear to hi'l1 that the proposal hrid not yet been ref rred· to you I d:i_d not dis cuss the AHG angl ., vrith him . n . I I �l3 . FLORENC --MPY 20 1945--The Gent,rP.l s .,nt th, ..,ntire day at his vj_lla a.t CRstj.glio 1cello G n rr'l Coulter left c1t 0930 in th, morning . At lB00 lOlll', n~neral Clary fl~w h .: ck to th Hcadriu.nrters i his 1-5 a.nd dined out with Gen rnl Gruenth,,r in th, ev ,ning. 0 0p.,,rations Instruction //.9 ms issu..,d oda.r P-_nd reads as follows: 11 1 It r1e.:y becom necesoar;v in th irun dj nte ·"uture to cr>i--ry out opera.ti ons to ,1ject the Yurroslav forces from South.,,rn Austr:t::1. and rom all or a portion of N. i-: . Italy Tht: @b.ject of taking such a.ct/.on .,.ould be to mak 7o.rshal Tito rcclis thrt his a.tt,mpts to establish by force anrl militnr ,r occu a tion is claims to c rtain t ..,:rrj torv e ond th , present fro~nt~- r of Yugoslavia. will not be tol rat d ' · · (I The initial policy on vrh: ch the con:1uct of nrval, 1~_nd and A.ir op, at:i.ons y·:j 11 e bns d i thnt off nsi ve actio .. , i ll b r Jsfa•ict ,d , as f'£1: r: s possihle to th.,. areas in qu~stion. 11 2., u3 From ?_? Ma.l Eighth Army wil l)e rit 9t) hours notic out th~ tasks num ..rated in para 4 b lmr . to cr.rry TAS_(S t1 i!~igh t 4 Army will S ,iz a. Triest b ccupy and ej _.ct th., Yugoslav fore s from such areas in H., 1'; . Ital~r as is necess~r.,. to secure Pnd nrot · ct r,,rivst, , rn 1 th L f C from ri ,ste into Au0tria vie Gorizia Capor tto and o.rvisio c. Es· ablish Anglo-American A ~G in the above areas . d. Ej ct iugoslav fore s from the area occupied by Eighth Army in Austria . 5 a :-~ighth Army rlr.ns ill e based on thi, assumption th:-t there 1ill b . no wi thdrn:vml from Trie (!<te 11 lf6 6 It may subsermentl:r be n ... ces~a.ry to e~~tend the o cupf'tion b Eighth Army over the 1l"ole of V ,nezia Giulia , and in particuJJ r to he port of r oln. .. Thi will e th•·J su .i .ct of a separ te instruction 7 The t king av r of the Tforthcrn '"'ortion of the present 5 Corps , ctor by fol"ces from SIW~F dll be dealt ui th sepri.ra.t~ly. 11 "8 . G O. C Eighth Army will continu., to hnv ~.t hi .1isposal all form .tions and units no,..r unckr his comn['..nd , vith th. addition of the following combat troops : a. S .. Corps Hq vnth n Jcessar;;r Corps troops ntn Div 2 U _o ��3l 2 H. L I. and Lovr1· ) ., ,couts ., requir .cl ~5 T • S Div 0nd MJ\.:·7 'i'O'J" .rRU1. 0 1~ ill b~ mr.>de tWPilable . All troops may be used n.s o., r?.tion~.lly r . . quir d e::,.c .. pt thnt Itr lian G:i:-uppi uill not e m loycd East of the TAGLIAlIC.1 ITO o in AUSTRIA . 1f n9 . Naval support Till be obtained on r ,quest to FC!rALI 11 10 f,1A.TAJ? is nv2 ~ lBbl~ to provide air op .,rations in conjunction with thu a ove op,rations ., "11 . TlL supply Pnd administration of Am ,rican troops und ,r comrIPnd °H~ighth Ar r1-;,r r Jrra.ins a r sponsi_biHty of Fifth Arm • On damand by 2 TJ . S. Corps POL and common us ,,r engin~ .,r stores ·rill be provided by Eighth Army. 11 * * * FLOREHC - fJ Y 21 1945--The Gen,r2l spent the ent:ir c!Py toriry in his office 1'rorking on pa .rs, r-m in the ev Jning r ,t,red to his villa or 'the _ ni~ht . * * * FLOR'""'HCE --. 'J.AY 22 , 1945- GJneral Clark 1 ft Florence b ir !"lt 0800 , accompanied by G ,n .rr-i.l Grucnth . . r lrncled et Campo Formirlo field near uo~n c1t 0915 vher he vra.s met by G. . n,,.rn.l f,qcCrue:cy The pRrty drove to the II Corps conronnd post wh..,re they conf rred w· th Gen .,rP.l K Jyes , the Corps Command r , and G ,nerRl TTill ,ms , Chief of StPff . They th .,n drove throut;h Gorizfa. and ins ected actU? 1 [' nd potential rosi t:to 1s east of the . to-m . G . .nerfl1 C -~k m.,.t (1 ,.ncral Liv .,sP.;c-t , Commanding th 91st Division, ✓4f end Colon 1 B oedlow,. Connandinp.; the ~(\1st Infantry during this tmn: . . j)He ,ms net on t he road by G ,.n ,,rnl John Harding, Connending 13 Corps , and "V/ )rigadier Archibald , his Brigadi ,.r G neral Stn.ff , and with th :r.i coninued his tour a.round the 13 Corps r a The pP.rty lunched at G ,n.,ral : Ha:rdino-1 s headquarters sitw-"")t d in a b nutiful villa. near Monfrilcone . ) / 1 r 'J. / / /ilY <, • 1 4./g O' p' - ~ Aft ,r lunch ,on th , J"' .rty rlrov into 'l'rie ste and made r . quick in ~ , , , spection of th~ port f~cilities . Th.., rort , A.t this time , v1<1s unlo'- ding some 2 , 000 tons dailJ ,:)nd the tensioh in the torn apreared to h•::tve ,Psed "~oft sorn. what , although troops of all nationalities w r, conspicuously armed . <J'~ During his inspect ion Gen .rnl ClB.rk mot and talked wit 1 sev ral of the naval o ficers in C18Xg, of port o:r;era ions . ~ ,y1" : / O_ •• t /J/1 fY" ~ ~JJ? G ncral Cl:'1..rk clrov bf! ck to Cr-mpo Fonnido rind flew to Florence , arriving tit the c_ommR.nd post at 1830 . Upon his arri vr 1 bHck P.t the comrnRnd post. G~n ~r:::>J_ Clark emu rr d brL fly rith G n .rP.l Gru.Jnt-:...,r b .for~ r ,tirj ng to hJ_ s -n.lla ., * ~- * * FLOR.:.i JCE--rru\Y 23 1945--G ,n ,rrl Clrirk sr .,nt ::i.11 of th orni;1,r and the a.rly rif:; .,rnoon in 1is office conf vrrinr; 11' :i.th VB.rious stc ff officers c nd �J ( �buttoning up ma.n.r d()tail rr-i_or to his d po.rture for the United States . n the afLrnoon th .. Arm~r Group Command ,r r turn .,d to his villa for· the night . General Clark today sent the follovnng cable to Fi,_,,ld 1·1a:cshal ALxanff 1. G n ,rrtl r1c r .. r~r r ,ro. ted by telephone this nfternoon thPt the Cor111nnder 13th Yu .oslav Division told Colonel . ro .... dlovr, Cor'lmr nding the T. s. 361st Infantry R .,gi 10nt , that h must wi.thdravr 91st Division troops from rr ARTTOVA illr-:i.ge . Bro dlovr repli .,d thri.t he h, d ord ,rs to r ,main in. this locality, whereupon th Yur;oslav commrmder stated thrt if th, 1'merican troops do not nithdraw h~ will be obl:5.g•d to force thr:')rn out General I'i,icCreer, risk d or instructions . - --- J issued th, f ollo1•1in1-; instructions to· Gen ,ral 1cCrocry, which were lat r concurr ,d in );T you . £1• 'rake m cessary dteps to nold th TA.tl.1'-JOVA .. osi tion r ,inforci1 g it to the exten· necessary . b . Have a seniot' U S. com.mt:mder and a sen~ or British conmander inform the Yugoslav cormnand ,,r th2.t our troops lv1ve een ord red not to Yithdrmnr fl om pres nt positions ·rhil,, points of is su a.re bei_nb discuss d by our gov rnment '"' You will also advise th, Yugo 1 v command r thnt if he attacks A lied troops he i:lill ,, held strictly accounta L b~ P'1rshal 1 ?. Ti to for ta.kin:, such aggressive action uhiL n~ :;:,otia.tions r:.r , in progress . n Follov1ing is a summP...ry of the Yugoslav situa ion a.s of this evening . G nertl Gruenth,r HQ n ..,rt .l Mc Creer" telcpho d · / 'lt 1730 hours to give the follm:ing r,port: 0 The local Yugoslav commander , t Gorizia - pro abl:r the 13th Division cor1mander - told Colonel Bro ,dlo r today th1:1t he must , ith raw U. S . roops from 1PAKTOVA villag., Colon 1 Bro .. dlow stnt ,d thr t he hPr:1 orders from his division commP..ndcr to rema1-n in 7AR1 OVA V.Lllage . · The YugoslPV cornnand Jr stc1t ,a thr-,_t if the F . S . troo ar not wi thdrmm he will :f' orce h r1 out . G ,n ral lfoCreer. further stated t at th "'w:;oslt1.v2 rlislik~d a broa<ic~ st which v as he2:n"d over _]5,C_ toda: . hich stn.t d thP-t TT . S •. troops occupi ,d ""AR VA without opposi ion. G n Jr,.-,1 r'lcCr, ,r.r tntod th: t the _ugoslrws were offended , -~3 peciall,_ , y the t ,rm t without op. osition1 , becaus it in rred thnt · i .,hting m.s in progr ss . Gem ,ral IdcCr .ry stated th0t he does not think hat t , ugoslPvs 1.d 11 use force , although ho could not ., c rtain of th2.t poi t . Re recommend d that th re ,.ould b,, no dhovr- do·.11 ovt~r this qu stion o.nd th--,t our ·,,roops b"' \ ithdravm from T""~P:iOVA rcnc in" ·h co c lusion o ne~o£1atio s y t t gov~,rn 1e--ts: Re furthermore stP.t d th7.-t :i.f h,, is g·ven ord .rs to holcl TAR ho.t :r,robnblw v ould be necessriry to str n· ·t 1 ,n th, •a 1 it 4 11 / , ,· . - . . . _., ,.._._ .~ lf Gen ral Gru . . . nth ,r told Gener."l •icCr er that h) ,;rould get d .,cision for him promptly, but tha · h re2:s0;1 .bly c.,rtf'in th"'t Gen rr..l Clar. would dir · ct him to hold the T.ARTTOVA position, :=ind und r no cir cumstn.nces ~. ithdra ·1. F , lso told him thPt h ✓ ·va.s c .,rtain thc.t if G ne rn.l Cln.rk gave that decision he oulc1 also r.nthorize G__,n rn.l _,rcCr r u to reinforc,, it to th r~quired c gree ~ I 17\IJ'f,/, .(. t �( ttG nerc 1 Clrrk was not in the CP at th, time , so G,nerLl Gru nther call~d Gen rnl Lcrnnitz ... r and told fri_m of G\JmrPl McCr er.r' s conversation. He also t0ld him thnt he t 011£'.l;l-tt thr t he :\.,lt quite certnin thf-l.t G0n ... rnl Olar c' s r coru~1!mdation would be to retain t 1e '"PAR TOVA position . Gen ... r.al L,,mnitzcr replied that he 1,as quite sure t at t 1 is d cision would b, in . ccordance wjth th, Fi ,l d rirRrshal 1 s d ,sires . He said , honever , that he i::iould consult t o Field . Tnr~hal imm .,diatnly Pnd rould call back soon . Gen . .rc1l Gruenth ,r told G .,n ,ral L .,mn5_tz ,r of thn Y1.gosla.v d:i.spl .,e.sur , over the :me broadcast , ut Gem .,r 1 L rmitz r stated that th., r,:-L .se 11as quite satisfactory 11n<l m~t th, dcsir ., s of. AFHQ . 1 HG ,neral L ,nnitz r call,,rl_ at 1830 hours anil s n.t ,d thnt th FLld Hrrshnl a~.re,_d thrit th re should b0 no w·it,h rar9.l from the T.A.P.I:OVA rosit j on, and thr1.t lt should )e re~ nforc d as yre consi rlor n ✓ C sst:1ry. The Fi 1 '"n.rshal consider ,d . t r.dv, s~ble to inform th~ Yugoslav co:r:unanccr · he.t our troops have been ordcr- ✓d not to w · thdrdv from their rresent positions nrhile negotiation_s a.r, in pro_,,ress . He ,: lso d ,sir s that the ~[ugoslav commanoer b~ 11p_rn0 that if h . nttac. ~ A li ✓d troops h__, TilJ e hel· strictly accounta~>L y i1'Ta1·shal Tito, for ta dng such aggr s s ive .ction vhil~ n.,gotiations arc in rrogr,us . 11 G ,neral C nrk talked to G ,n ral i1cCrce:r;:r at 1~11,5 hour, anc1 issued orders ns j_ndica ed in th , nr v.!, on.s Jar graph . He also placed th, 85th \ Di vision on c lcrt so uhnt i t would l prep:-,r ,rl t,o send a r .,gim---ntal cori1:fa. s-:Eca.m to the II orps ar~a on twenty- four . 1otirs notice nnd one addi tional regimental combe.v .,f.l.m r cpnr c to mov each t"Tenty- four hours e,1er af r . 11 J Fi ld a rs. al Alexander C8 lud G... n .ral Clark as follows today : .Agr ec thr:.t ;\rour suggcst~Lon o h2. ve French troops in tr. l~ put 1.mder opera iori~.l cnm. an 15 Arny Group mi '.>ht frcilitn ·e Ar'G .nd proc1uce mor ord .,rly nil=i Pry stat of c -rfairs . 0 11 It is h ,~e~ r not ap_,rov d for res.sons given in follo"ing p,-·xr . grr1ph . nsuc -1 action is Ltabl to convey impression to Frenc 1 [.U)d that · nch occupation of .,.o,rthnest -.-tal, is coY1.doned y U.. s .. It m::: ght a l so prejudice strcF1g qction no b ,in1 fo. 1cen )Y U. S., gove1 rnnents to s c rre imrn,..,dirtc tote 1 w·thdrawal of rrench ro Ital • 11 ,T * Itf-lli~ns an T F . rnd U.. K. . Northwest * :!fLOin: c~~ --;:A.Y 24 1945--Th., G .. n . ral . arri vo at his co ,mand r ost t is rior11-nr, at 0930 1ours cnrl s-oent nost o-f t 1e T1ornin conferring \ ----h Generals Gruentbr,r Bml T3rann . At 1;?00 .ours a ceremo~w was ,le~ in the com~ mand post at "'nich Ge,Lrr.l Cl2.1'1 decorated Hnrl promoted 90 o d o ,..f~.c . . rs and nli s t d men of h i s h adquart rs and one WAC, S .,rge ant G rald ine Horn of Lucedale , 11,1i ssi s sippi who has een on duty :i.n G(m.,ral Clarkt s office for the past t~o years A ter lunch the Gene:c2.l departed ·a ,, 141~5 hours for the rr..lazzo I �Vecchio w. er, at an impressive Florence and sign~d the Golden · ies , t c Arm,f Group Comrnf"'nd ..,1• r mo.incl ,r of tl o -:'t-,rnoon and i:::; c,_,remony 1e was made an honorPry citizen of ') 11ook of h., Cit,r . Follovring these £'....,µtivi - / c part ..,d for his villa Yrh r., he sp nt the evening . * -- r'.AY 25 hours 1945--General lark arriv, - Pt his command post at 0830 is morning and af·or cl aring_ his desk of all irnporknt par-:rs d\.:;par er at 0930 for the air1 Lld 11 h ~re he 7as gr ,et ,d by a gtk r of honor and a brg•~ nurnb~.r of p . . rsormcl of 1j s hcadquert .,rs . At 1000 10urs tht:.! rmy Group Cornw=mder took o _f by C-47 on t h . . first leg of his journe.r to the Jnit~d States wh,re he vill participate in .I.!., ceremonies in Chicago on Hay 30th * * MAY 25, 1945 - MAY * * * JO, 1945 - ENROUTE TO U. S. * * WASHINGTON-•MA.Y 31, 1945 - General Cle.rk arrived at 1810 at the Air Transport Hangar , National Airport, Washington from Chicago in a C- 54. He was accompanied by Mrs . Clark, his daughter Ann, Captain Berenson and Sgt . Chaney. General Clark was met at the airpor t by his mothAr and Mr' . and Mrs . Tom Griffiths , old friends from Seattle. There were about fift een photographers and reporters at the airport and the only thing General Clark told them was that he was glad to be home . He went directly from the airport to the Kennedy-Warren . With regard to the Yugoslav sit uation, General Gruenther sent the following cable t o General rtcCreery today: "Following message reference number F 84941 was received from Gener al Lemnitzer AFHQ signed SACMED . Message begins : " ' 1 . For your information , following paraphrase of message re ceived here from US State Department: "US government continues to maintain that '\ Pola must be included in any approach made to Marshal Tito e.nd that Supreme \ Allied Commander ill receive instructions to that effect from COS . American ambassador in Belgrade is ~eing instructed to present note and draft agreement on Venezia Giulia question which US and British governments have \ agreed up6n as soon as word is received from SAC that he has no objection to this procedure" . n t 2. For your further inform tion we have sent maps to US and British( ambassadors in Belgrade showing area to be occup ed in vicinity of Pola if our governments require ooaupatio that port . Area is defined Els coastal a.rea surrounding Port Di Pola to depth of approximately 2 miles from coast and including pr omontory P Cresto as northern limit and promontory P San \ Giovanni as souther n limit. Exact perimeter follows coast and tracks . 1Will send you ·large scale map showing exact area. I wish to emphasize that above area i s applicable for peaceful occupation only. If area uru.st be \ �l35 taken and held by force it will be much larger. Suggest you have study made earliest to determine limits of t actical area r equired to secure Pola under such circumstances.ttt * * * WASHINGTON--JUNE 1, 1945--Genera.1 Clark established his temporary office in the Operations Division of the War Derartment. At 0900 he went to General Marshall 's office where he attended the Chie:fls of Staffs' regular morni.ng operations conference. He also tallted over va_rious matters with General ffarshall, including the establishment of his Headquarters in Austria. General Mu-shall suggested General Keyes for a new assignment, rut General Keyes requested that he be permitted to stay with General Clark. II Corps is going to be the Corps operating with General Clark in Austria. After dictating telegrams to General Gruenther and taking care of other correspondence, General Clark returned to the Kennedyl I ~L In the afternoon he went to .the White House for a conference with President Truman and during the conference President Truman autographed General Clark's autograph book as follows: nTo a great American -General M-u-k W. Clark. Best vdshes from C-in-C Harry S. Truman, 6-1-45". After the White House conference General Clark returned to the KennedyWarren. General Clark today sent the follov-tlng cable to General McNarney: nHave just talked with Hull. He thinks it would be a good idea if II Corps HeadqURrters be employed in the Austrian occupation. ~isenhower when I saw him a few days ago concurred or would provide another corps headquarters . I would like to employ II Corps with probably another commanner as Keyes being considered for another job here. Talked with Gene- / ral Marshall this morning and unless you have other requirements he concurs in my remaining here until approximately June 15th. If II Corps Headquarters not available any other one O.K. with me." General Clark cabled General Gruenther as follovts today: trJust arrived Washington . Chicago ceremony tremendous success. concur in Serge,:tnt Hornets return . I "What decision has been made if any on the Corps Headquarters and its commander to go vdth me into Austria? Keyes being considered here for other assignment. His acceptance rvill depend on t4e Austrian set up . Going to West Point tomorrow." * * * * WASHINGTON--JU lE 2, 1945--General Clark went to 1ar jorie Webster Junior College at 1030 to attend the graduation of his daughter. He ms.de a short talk to t he gradua.tes and presented each with her diploma. He was accompanied to the Marjorie Webster Junior College by Mrs . Clark :-:md his \ �mother . At 1530 General Clark went t o the ATC hangar at National Airport and departed at 1550 for West Point. He went up to be present at the ,graduation of his son, Bill . He was accompanied by Mrs. Clark and his mother and Sergeant Chaney. } General Clark arrived at Stewart Field, New York at 1720, accompanied by Mrs . Clark, Mrs . Charles Clark, Ann Clerk and General and Mrs . F . A. Irving. The party was met by General Wilby, Superintendent of USMA and Captain Luther, temporary aide -de- camp to General Clark. At 1800 they arr:tved at the u. s. Thayer Hotel where they were to stay while on the reservation. They had dinner together with Cadet Bill Clark in the grille of the hotel. General Gruenther today cabled General Clark as follows: "Decision postponed General McNarney reference corps headqua.rters until Nelson party returns from SHAEF . II Corps scheduled for demobilization in December, but McJarney believes your wishes can probably be met . Will advise you. British and U. s. parties ~ill proceed to Vienna Sunday to inspect facilities and recommend divisions of city into zones . Flory, Lewis, Smith will be included in our group . Note to Tito now in final form and will be delivered as soon as he returns from inspection trip . Situation quiet entire front . Coffey goes to Pacific. MI'OUSA takes Niblo . We will have Jaynes as Ordnance Officer . ( General Clark today received the following cable regardi ng a trip to Rio de Janeiro: nTogether: Generals Crittenberger and Clark. Altern tes: rately, in order indicated) Generals Truscott or McNarney. (sepa- nrt is ur:rlerstood here that the Foreign Office has been requested by the Brazilian War Minister to invite the aoove named officers for BEF celebration . They should arrive a few days before the first group . of BEF and stay for the celebration. I "Also invited is a platoon of US Infantry from 5th Army which would consist of one officer and 30 enlisted men who would be representatives of the AGF who fought alongside the Brazilian Forces. They will participate in the p xades in BRAZIL and will ride on the USS MEIGS . The USS JlEIGS, with the first group of BEF is expected to arrive in Brazil about. the end o July by the Brazilians . ''Particularly requested by the Minister is the return of Major VERNON WALTERS with General MA.SCARE NH.AS . "Furnished later will be information concerning invitations to the AAF officers . \ °For information and planning alone is this message . n �WEST POINI'--JU lE 3, 1945--General Cle..rk, accompanied by Mrs. M. W. Clark and Ann, attended baccalaureate exercises for the first regiment of the graduating class in the Cadet Chapel. Chaplain Jack Walthour delivered the address. After the address, General Cl.ark went to the Alumni Headquarters in the Cadet Barracks and registered as a member of the Class of '17. With his family General Clark had lunch with ·B rigadier Genera..l and Mrs . George Honnen, Commanda.nt of Cadets, USMA . Among others present were Brig. Gen. and Mrs . l~cManis . At 1500 General nd Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Charles Clark and Ann left for the Superintendent's reception for the family and friends of the graduating class . At 1730 General Clark presented the academic awards to dis- , tingt.lished cadets of the graduating class. Following the reception General Clark returned to his suite at the hotel ,here he had dinner . General Gruenther cabled General Clark as follows today: "Brann, Tate, Nelson returned from SHAEF today. Rooks conducted conference troop list and will submit recommendations to Eisenhower soon. Our requirements appear general ly to be concurred in although there is some likelihood that some of our combat elements especially artillery and tank units may be cut down, and this reduction may cause corresponding out in service units . It seems probable that we shall receive n Corps. Y3 Corps is nov, in the area but must be moved later . It is hoped that time of its relief will coincide with dat~ when I I Corps can be spared from present assignment . Final decision on II Corps will be made by General McNarney as soon as he hears from General Eisenhower. Present esti- ] mate is that &1HAEF will' turn over command of u. S. zone in Austria to AFHQ in about three or four weeks and not on 5 June as previously suggested . That arrangement is sound in view of present complications in removing prisoners and displaced persons from area and reorganizing divisions depleted by re-deployment of personnel. "Doyen sent letter to Crittenberger on 30 May indicating that French intend to administer certain parts Northwest Ita.ly and that they find it undesirable to have Allied Military Government in same region. In one area in west Imperia French Local Commander refused to allow our officers to post proclamations. Matter has been referred by us to .AFHQ for high- A' level decision as to policy to be follovred in view of apparent changed att1.tude on pa.rt of French. It is not alarming, but it is most annoying in view of Doyen assurance to you that French would not interfere with our AMG . No other incidents either in Northwest or Northeast Italy. rote to Tito has not yet been delivered . r "Kildore committee visited our headquarters today and expressed pleasure over reception . " General Clark cabled General Gruenther as follows today: "Saw Grace at noon. When I talked with General Marshall he asked me to ~iscuss with Keyes an assignment in the US . Have done so and Keyes prefers to go into Austria with me . �"Your msg as received. I am glad that everything is being done to get us II Corps for that assignment . Make it plain that I want Keyes as Commanding General provided that War Department does not overrule his decision, and I am sure that they will not do so. War Department has same views as mine on Austrian set-up . n General Gruenther briefed General Clark on the current situation in Italy today in the following cable: ( "Doyen sent radio to Crittenberger last night stating that French Government approves his posit.ion in resisting establishment of AMG . La.st ) sentence his message reads ' General DeGa.ulle has instructed _me to make a.s clear as possible to Allied Command that I have received the order to pr~vent setting up of Ar/Gin territories occupied by our troops and administered by us by all means without exception'. Alexander will present mat~ ter to Combined Chiefs of Staff for action . We now have A1\G well established northwest Italy but in provinces of I mperia and Cuneo not complete because of dif'ficulties road communica.tions and shortage A1lG personnel . Fifth Army appreciates importance of time and has made every effort to work rapidly. French have not tried to eject our officials in areas "here we have already established ANG. New note to Tito delivered to Vice Premier yesterday in Tito' s absence . He gave no indication Tito 1 s reaction. Ambassadors took a firm line and indicated Allied pr oposals were not subject to further negotiations . Tobruki n sent message last night cutting size of U. s . .and British missions r om 7~ to 40 in each party. However , full size missions left Klagenfurt this A. M. Message received few min~tes ago indicates re ceived with elaborate ceremony when entering Russian zone . Apparently none to be sent back. Alexander still visiting Eighth Army area. MI'OUSA has recommended to Wa:r Department that II Corps Hq. be -changed from Category 4 to Category 1 so that it may be used as Corps Hq . in Austria . Everyt hing proceeding smoothly. Hope you will be able to enjoy a long well de served rest . You must not feel that there is any reason for you to hurry back. " * * * * WESI1 POINI'- -JUNE·4, 1945- At 1000 hours General Clark talked to the members of the Tactical fupartrnent or USM upon the invitation of General Honnen, Commandant . He dis cussed briefly the Italian campaign, the French situation in Northern Italy and the Yugoslav situation in Trieste . At 1100 hours General Clark joined other members of the Class of 1 17 for the Alumni Exercises and along with the rest of the Alumni, reviewed the Corps of Cadets at the review for the r eturned Alumni •. Mr . & Mrs . Tom Griffiths , friends from Seattle, arrived at 1200 hours . At 1245 General Clark attended the Alumni Luncheon in Cullum Hall where he spoke to the assembled Alumni . General and Mrs . Clark attended a Class of ' 17 reunion at Colonel Hayden's quarters in the afternoon. Graduation parade was held. on the Plain at 1730 hours where General Clark reviewed the Corps . In the evening General and Mrs . Clark, with Ann , h d dinner in the \ �l39 .( Cadet Mess Hop in the Clark were later with Hall with Bill, after which the party attended the Graduation Gym. For the first part of the evening the General and Mrs. in the receiving line with General and J\Jfrs. Wilby and then General and Mrs. Honnen. General Clark today received the following cable from General McNarney• nconcur in use of II Corps Headquarters in Austria with the urrlerstanding that it cannot ·be made available until the Jugoslav situation is settled. SHAEF understands this and has indicated the feasibility of providing a Corps Headquarters for the initial few months, if necessary. "Desire you arrive Caserta early 18 June to complete reports on general officers as I will probably depart for United States about 21 June . " General Gruenther today cabled General Clark as follovrn: ttus, ( British and French missions reached Vienna last night and were given warm reception and excellent accommodations by Russians . General McNarney said he radioed you today that II Corps Headquarters assignment to you is practically certain. Alexandert s Headquarters Commandant has requested villa. for field ma.rshal on Lake Garda. Smith recommends tfussolini villa since it is not suitable for individual to whom it is now a.ssigned. Smith has more appropriate one lined up for him. If you approve P- 11 make Mussolini offer to Alexander in your name . No new developments · in French or Tito situation. Everything quiet . Bradshaw, Colbern, Crane ordered to US for assignment . Duff goes to P~cific. Bill Donovan will be here today. " General Clark cabled General Gruenther as follows today. nMessage concerning French si·tuation received. fic assignment .n * * Kno11 nothing of Paci- * WEST POINT-J1JN'E 5, 1945--General Clark and party attended graduation exercises in the Field House at 1000 hours where General Clark presented his son Bill with his diploma. General Omar Bradley delivered the Graduation Address . After the graduation, General Clark talked with Congressman Jackson .from Washington State in his su:l'te in the hotel. He also saw Mayor La.Guardia of New York City. The mayor invited General Clark to visit him at the City Hall in New York City. 2nd Lt . Clark arrived at the General's suite at about 1230 hours, and General Clark proudly pinned gold bars on his son's shirt. Mr. Beck of UP interviewed General Clark shortly after lunch concerning the trip to Braz1_l . The General Jmew nothing of any plans for such a trip . About 20 or 25 photographers assembled at the hotel for pictures of General Clark pinning lieutenant~s bars on his son. The party left West Point at 1400 hours for New York City by motor . 1 ) �l 'iO General Gruenther cabled General Clark as follows tcrlay: "Alexs:r1der has sent strong note to CCS reference French situation. Meanwhile Allied attitude toward French in Italy is stiffening in such matters as requests to send French missions to various places in Italy. "Tito returned to Belgrade yesterday. No action from him yet . Donovan and party spent night with us. Two Russian genera.l s here today. Situation all areas quiet. "In previ ous message I indicated command of US Zone would pass to you in about three or four weeks . That estimate is poor one . Co~mand will pass when French occupy their Zone and that time is still a wild guess . nMcNarney thinks it may not be for two months yet . e.xtreme courtesy by Russians . Damage to city is great . transacted yet . " Flory reports Little business General Cle,rk today received the following cable from Mr- . Fernando Lobo, Charge D1 Affaires of Brazil: "On behalf of the Minister of War I have the honor and the pleasure to i nvite you to go to Brazil to attend the ·o fficial ceremonies planned for the arri'val of the first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force which fought in Europe . Through this invitation to you my government wishes to demonstrate its appreciation and recognition." General Clark today received the following letter from General McNarney ith regard to or ganization and staffing of the Austrian Higher .Headquarters : "1. The various MrOUSA staff sections have studied carefully the statement of requirements for the Austrian Higher Headquarters which has been prepared by members of your staff . It is not necessary, I know, for me to tell you that to the extent of our capabilities I am most anxious to provide you with the personnel which you consider to be necessary for your headquarters . Unfortunately the only allocations of personnel which I can give you are those which ca..~ be withdrawn from troops serving the Allied Commission, .from the Replacement and Training Com1ru;md , and from other miscellaneous pro jects which nmv require personnel allocations from .the authorization for overhead. "2. It rill not be possible to give you the total personnel which the Fifteenth Army Group's staff study indicates as being the minimum essential required . Accordingly, you must plan to use initially in your headquarters personnel detailed on special duty from your operationa.l forces . This is desirable in that the initial personnel requirements will be larger than the requ." .rements after your headquarters operates on a routine ½asis . It is believed that certain other personnel economies can be effected, such as the utilization of stenogra hie typing pools, consolidation of functions in one section instead of in several, and by havin the same personnel in the supply sections per-form military govern- I �ment as well as their routine military functions . The Eastern District will undoubtedly be willing to assume certain additional supply and evacuation functions which should diminish the personnel requirements of certain staff sections. -"3 . The Austrian Headquarters has been authorized 531 officers , 20 warrant officers and 1305 enlisted men, as against 971 officers , 56 warrant officers and 2895 enlisted men indicated by you as necessary. By surveying all existing allocations of overhe d a.uthorizations, it has been possible to make cuts in OUSA Headquarters and other installations to provide additional grades +.ota.lling 150 o~ficers, 15 warrant officers and 159 ~nlisted men. The authorization for the_Austria.n Headquarters is hereby raised to 681 officers , 35 warrant officers and 1464 enlisted men. " * * * NEW YORK CTI'Y- -JUNE 6, 1945- -General CL,rk departed New York City by an Army C-47 and arrived in Washington at 1815 hours . He went from the airport to his home . General Gruenther sent the following cable to General Clark today: ' .Headquarters Fifth Army now declared category 2 unit and will not be demobilized . This change h s already resulted in slight stiffening t oward our personnel requests . · ''Our missions in Vienna have not accomplished much yet . Russians are asking when they will depart . Tolbohkin has suggested June 9 as good departure· date . "Alexander referring matter to Combined Chiefs of Staff. * * * All quiet . u * WASHINGTON- -JUNE 7, 1945-General Clark arrived at his Pentagon office at 0930 and disposed of cables and correspondence which were waiting. His first conference was wi~h Major General Henry, War Department G-1. He discussed certain personnel problems and made arrangements for Captain John J . Luther, Jr . no with the Tactical Department at West Point , to be issued orders to report to him in Washington on 14th June . Captain Luther is to become General Clark' s new aide . The General next saw Major General James A. Code , Jr . , who had certai n Signal Corps personnel problems which he wanted to discuss with General Clark. The General was next called in to see General Marshall , and after a half hour visit with him he met w:i.th Secretary of War Stimson, and Assistant secretary of War McCloy. The main topic under discussion at that conference was the attitude of the French Government toward Allied Military Government in Northvestern Italy. The possibility of General Clark visiting Brazil was next taken up with Major General Hull of .OPD. The Brazilian Government invited General Clark yesterday in a telegram delivered to him at the Hotel Astor, New York, to make a trip to Brazil coincident with the arrival of the first echelon of Brazilian troops who fought in Italy. Generals Clark and Hull agreed �( that it would be a fine diplomatic gesture and General Clark is going to go to Brazil during late July, if conditions permit. The troops are scheduled to sail from Italy on the 10th of July and will arrive in Rio either the 24th or 25th. General Clark then went across the river to an OSS luncheon at which he was the guest of honor . During the afternoon he held brief conferences with the following people: General Farenbaugh, just home from duty as Assistant Division Commander of the 83rd Infantry Division. He was General Clark' s G- 3 when he commanded the II Corps in England. Genera.l North, head of the Current Group, War Department, OPD . Major General John Hildring, head of the Civil Affairs Division of the War Department . General Clark discussed at length wi.th General Hildring problems which would face him as U. s. Military Governor in Austria . General Hildring pointed out that ·the Austrian policy paper being prepared by the Civil Affairs Division was finally complete and General Clark asked to be kept abreast of developments . Colonel Robert J . Wood, Strategy Section of OPD . Colonel Wood was formerly Assistant G- 3 of the Fifth Army under General Brann. Ci ✓--- Mr; erb~ :Matthew and Mr . Sam Reber, both career men with the State Department . · -· Mr . Matthew was attached to AFHQ during the time that General Clark was Deputy Commander under General Eisenhower. Reber was the State Department representative then with SHAEF. They discussed political problems in Europe and the Near East . Brigadier General Frank Caffey, who was Assistant Division Commander of the 34th Division in Africa- Italy and who now is President of the War Department Returnees Advisory Board. Major Ge?'}.eral James G. Ord, Senior U. s. Arrrzyr Member; Joint BrazilUnited States Defense Commission. General Ord said that he thought it would be of great benefit to relationships between the Military of the United States and Brazi lian Governments if General Clark could be in Brazil when the Brazilian troops which had been under his command came home from Italy. At 1615 hours General Clark went to ATC airport and took-off for 1lhite Sulphur Springs at 1650 hours . He was accompanied by Mrs . Clark, Ann and Bill. General Clark cabled General Gruenther as follows today: naeneral MacArthur's Headquarters have made inquiry ·as to the availability of Saltzman as Deputy to his Chief Signal Officer . Is Charlie interested? Will abide by his wishes . "Reference Headquarters 5th Army being placed in ca.tegory 2, this is no tactical implication merely a desire to perpetua.te 5th Army Headquarters . �I have discussed this whole matter with Hull. Go right ahea.d with your personnel requirements. To White Sulphur Springs tonight for 6 days ." General Clark formally accepted the invitation to attend the official ceremonies for the arrival of the first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force in Rio de Janeiro today in the follov,ing letter to Dr. Lobo, Charge D'Affaires ·of the Brazilian Embassy in Washington : "Your telegram inviting me to attend the official ceremonies planned for the arrival of the first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force in Rio de Janeiro has been received with profound appreciation "I take great pleasure in accepting the invitation of the Minister of ar to visit your great country at the time of the arrival of the Brazilian troops who so gallantly fought side by side with their North American comrades in Italy. I am returning to my as signment abroad in the very near future, and sincerely hope that nothing will arise in my command respons bilities overseas which would prevent my being in Rio at the time the first contingent arrives . "Please convey my deep gratitude nnd appreci .tion to General Dutr , fc,r this signal honor which has been accorded me , nd assure him that I am looking forward with a great deal of pleasure toward seeing him again personally in Brazil." ·* JUNE 8, * 1945 - JUNE ll, 1945 - General Clark * & * family at White Sulphur Springs. * * * * WASHI mT0M--J1UE 12, 1945--Because of the illness of l1rs. Doran, who is at Walter Reed Hospital, General Clark and his family returned to Washington unexpectedly by air, arriving at -rational Airport at 1030 hours. During the entire time they were in White Sulphur Springs the weather was bad. The General went directly from the airport to his home, visited Mrs . Doran at Walter Reed but did not come down to his office. General Gruenther today cabled General Clark as follows: ttFrench meetin at JtFHQ yesterday resulted in satisfa.ctory arrangements. French ill start moving qut at, once and will complete withdrawal by July 10th. Carpentier headed French group. Sent you his best regBrds . Meeting with Jugs on ~ednesday. No news from Flory. · "War Department has not yet g·ven decision reference II Corps . It would also be of assistance if ar Department can clarify status of Fifth Army Headquarters . np lease phone McKenney. " �( WASHINGTON--JUNE 13, 1945--Before coming to his Pentagon office General Clark went to his mother's home on Kalorama .Road and spent half an hour with her . His first caller was Brig. Gen . Ralph S . Tate, his G- 4 who had just returned from Italy. General Tate made a report on things that had developed since General Clark left his headquarters , and told him that Genera.l Gruenther was eager to meet him at Caserta when he flew back into Italy. General Clark sent a cable to General Gruenther saying that he did want to meet him in Casert and telling him that his estimated time of arrival was 0900 on 18 June . The General and his party of 11 are scheduled to depart from the ATC hangar at ational Airport at 0900 on 16 June. General Clark then had a number of callers, including General Carter Clarke of the MIS; General Code, Deputy Signal Officer who dis cussed with General Cle..rk the decision on General Saltzman; Major General Hull who came in to talk to General Clark a.bout the Austrian ComnM .nd directive; Major Genera.I Dan roce and Major General Tompkins, Director Special Planning Division, War Department Special Planning Division, War Department Special Sta.ff. General Tompkins and three of his officers questioned General Clark concerning his convictions of the use of antiaircraft troops , colored troops and similar matters . They also discussed how Jational Guard Divisions should be led in peacetime , and it was Gene ral Clark's conviction that Regular Army officers should hold top commands in Guard Divisions since this war has shown that the politically appointed Generals of National Guard Divisions had to be removed after the Guard D~visions were called into the Federal service . General Clark then went to a luncheon wi th a number of StA.te Department officials including General Julius Holmes and Mr. Herbert (Doc) Matthews, Head of the European Division of the State Department . The luncheon ,vas held in Blair House across the street .from the State Department . This house is the one that is used by American Presidents during the time that the White House is being refurnished . Upon leaving the ~1ncheon, General Clark visited Lt . General DeWitt, under whom he served overseas -in the last war . General DeWitt is currently Head of the ArmyNavy Staff College . General Clark then returned to the War Department and cleaned up what work was pending and went home at 1530 hours . In the evening he went to dinner at the Army- ~avy Club with Mrs. Clark. General Gruenther cabled General Clark as follows today: ''Vienna ~ission will return here late tonight . cessful. Trip generally suc- "Tolbukhin was sick on last day and did not see them. Have you seen Tate? I estimate you will reach Caserta Swrlay or Monday. Consider that I should meet you there to assist in preparation yotu:- reports . Will bring Beach with me . "Please confirm that you vmnt me to come . day will now begin. " Work ha.s eased up and holi- General Clark cabled General Gruenther as quoted below: �''Back in Washington. Take off 9 AM 16th for Caserta. Keyes , Coulter, Earnest, Honnen, Lieutenants Clark and Keyes and my aide Captain Luther coming with me . Honnen and young Clark and Keyes for two weeks visit . Tate tells me of your proposal to meet me Caserta. I i:muld like you to do this. My scheduled arrival at Caserta 900 hours 18th in C54. Your telegram reference Brigadier Maconochie received . He will be ordered here . " General McNarney today sent the following cable to General Grittenberger regarding General Clarkts proposed trip to Brazil: nThrough Brazilian Embassy, Washington by _Dutra a formal invitation to WD has been extended for Generals Clark and Crittenberger to att end national celebration. Requested by return radio is Crittenberger's ?-Vailability. Regardless of whether Crittenberger will attend or not, an appror~iate personal note is suggested from Crittenberger to Dutra. General Clark will attend unless unforeseen circumstances prevent. Wooten will furnish exact date US party to arrive Brazil." * * * * WASHINGTON- JUNE 14, 1945--General Clark arrived at his Pentagon office at 1030 hours , accompanied by Lt . Cl~k. During the remainder of the morning he conferred with General Mci.rshall and with the Assistant Secretary of War , Mr . McCloy. With both officials he discussed his coming assignment in Austria and got final advice from both the Chief of Staff and Mr . McCloy. General Clarks new aide , Captain Jack Luther, reported in for duty. Genernl Clark left the office early and returned to his apartment at the Kennedy-Warren . 0 General Gruenther cabled General Clark as follows today: nerders for Pence have not yet arrivetl . nrt is improbable that Charlie will depart on Friday. " General Gruenther also sent the following cable to General Clark: "Command set up for Austria contained in SHAEF messa.ge number SCAF 433 was dispatched 8 days ago but has not yet been approved by Combined Chiefs . "You ma.y desire to follow up . nTito representatives very disagreeable at initir-il meeting yesterday \ squirming for every possible advantage . Tough li.ne toward them being fol- } lowed in toda.yl's meeting. Flory returned ea.rly this morning . Reports Russians very cooperative in .all matters except inspection of air fields on north side of Danube . This we were not permitted to do . Russians consider that re should have only one air field Tulln. 11 I. 0 After jnspection of accommodations on ground Flory considers that �C Russian proposal for division of city submitted to EAC in April is much more favorable to us than United States proposal. His recommendations will be submitted promptly. "It aP})ears that we may have more horsetrading to conduct with British and French than with Russians . We have large contingent from our Headquarters on duty with X:V Corps at Salzburg who are actua.lly performing certain functions in US zone . We are receiving excellent cooperation from General Robertson . npassage of command to you will n9w ·be reasonably simple procedure but we do not know when it will take place. "Estimate that 15th Arnry Group Headquarters will di ssolve about July 1st. "We have examined question of moving our new Headquarters to Salzburg area shortly after July 1st but my present thought is that such a move is unwise. e should move into Vienna as soon as settlement of Vienna problem is obtai ned. The sooner the better . "Bea.ch and I will meet you Caserta Monday. "Charlie received invitation last night to take quick trip to States with Pence and White . I approved and he leaves today or Friday. tt I * * * * WASHINGTON--.TTJIB 15, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his Pentagon office at 1030 hours and disposed of paper work. He then went down to the Pictorial Branch of the Bureau of Public Relations and was photographed in color . Pictures will be distributed to all publications in the United States who use 3 or 4 plate color job. He then met various callers , including .Mr . Tyrell, who had served in the last war wi th him in the First Army. At 1145 hours General Clark ent to the Capitol where he was the guest of honor at a luncheon given by Congressman Henry Jackson of Washingt on State. Among those attending the luncheon were leading mambo.rs of the House of Representatives, including Speaker Sam Rayburn of TeY..a.s. After lunch Senators Mitchell and Jackson of Washington State escorted General Clark to the Senate's private dining room where a group of Senators, including Majority Leader Barkley, were having lunch. General Clark spoke to the senators for a short time on the Trieste situation, after which Senator Barkley asked for a recess of ten minutes, during which General Clark was taken upon the floor of the Senate, and each Senator was presented to General Clark. The General was the first officer of this war to be given this distinct honor. General Gruenther cabled General Clark as follows today: "Brig. Gen. Jeffe , no't'r in Somervell' s office , will be assigned to our Austria Hq . for {ey position in Flory' s Section by reason of his business background. He is Vice-President of the Consolidated Gas Company. Perhaps you can bring him along Saturday. �Russian proposal for division of city submitted to EAC in April is much more favorable to us than United States proposal. His recommendations will be submitted promptly. "It appears that we may have more horsetrading to conduct with British and French than with Russians . We have large contingent from our Headquarters on duty with XV Corps at Salzburg who are actually performing certain functions in US zone . We are receiving excellent cooperation from General Robertson . upassage of command to you will n9w ·be reasonably simple procedure but we do not know when it will take place. "Estimate that 15th Arnry Group Headquarters will dissolve about July 1st. nwe have examined question of moving our new Headquarters to Salzburg area shortly after July 1st but my present thought is that such a move is unwise • . e should move into Vienna as soon as settlement of Vienna problem is obtai ned. The sooner the better . "Beach and I will meet you Caserta Monday. "Charlie received invitation last night to take quick trip to States with Pence and White . I approved and he leaves today or Friday. tt I. * * * * WASHINGT0N- -JU~ 15, 1945--General Clark arrived at his Pentagon office at 1030 hours and disposed of paper work . He then went down to the Pictorial Branch of the Bureau of Public Relations and was photographed in color . Pictures will be distributed to all publications in the United States who use 3 or 4 plate color job. He then met various callers, including Mr . Tyrell, who had served in the last war wj_th him in the First Army. At 1145 hours General Clark ent to the Capitol where he was the guest of honor at a luncheon given by Congressman Henry Jackson of Washingt on State. Among those attending the luncheon were leading memb9rs of the House of Representatives, including Speaker Sam Rayburn of Tey,.as . After lunch Senators Mitchell and Jackson of Washington State escorted General Clark to the Senate's private dining room where a group of Senators, including M:tjority Leader Barkley, were having lunch. General Clark spoke to the senators for a short time on the Trieste situation, after which Senator Barkley asked for a recess of ten minutes, during which General Clark was taken upon the floor of the Senate, and each Senator was presented to General Clark. The General was the first officer of t his war to be given this distinct honor. General Gruenther cabled General Clark as follows today: "Brig. Gen. Jeffe , no • r in Somervell' s office , will be assigned to our Austria Hq . for <ey position in Flory' s Section by reason of his business background . He is Vice-President of the Consolidated Gas Company. Perhaps you can bring him along Saturday. 1 �"We are busy today in connection with the Vienna Project, prospects for which are good . City is in bad condition and the Russians are eager for us to enter . Hovvever they are not so eager that they would weaken on the airfield situation. They have thr8e a:irfields all believed to be good , and I consider we are taking a bad trimming on this point . Will be glad to see you Monda,y. " * * * * ENROUTE TO ITALY--JUNE 16, 1945--General Clark, accompanied by General Keyes , General Coulter, General Earnest , General Honnen, Lt . Col. Booth, Major Pearce, Captain Kibler, Ca.ptain ,Lut her, Lt . Clark, Lt . Keyes and Sgt . Chaney left the National Airport, Washington, D. c., by C-54 at 1245 hours GM:r. The plane landed at 1820 hours Grm.1 at Stevensville, Newfoundland where General Clark talked with General Bill Collier. At 2005 GMI' the plane departed for Paris . and the trip was very smooth. * * * The weather was clear , * CASERTA- JUNE 17, 1945- At 0810 GMI' General Clark's plane landed at Paris where the party had breakfast . General Earnest and Lt. Col. Booth remained at Paris , and the remainder of the party departed at 0930 GMr for Caserta and arrived there at 1410 Gtfr . General Keyes and son, Lieutenant Keyes , General Coulter, Jajor Pearce and Captain Kibler left Caserta by plane at 1440 mm.1 . General Clark, his son, Lieutenant Clark, General Honnen and Captain Luther went immediately to Villa Content at Caserta where he saw General Lemnitzer and Colonel King . Later he had dinner with his party and Mr . Offie. After dinner General Gruenther arrived and conferred with General Clark for the rest of the evening . * * * * RO:ti'IE--JUNE 18, 1945- -Gener al Clark had breakfast with General McNarney, General Gruenther and General felson, after which he accompanied General McNarney to his office for a conference concerning the promotion to permanent grade of colonels and general officers of ~fro. General McNarney, rxeneral Clark and General Bevins attended the conference . General Honnen and Lieutenant Bill Clark left for Salerno by motor at 0800 and ret urned at 1600 hours . At 1630 hours General Clark, with General Gruenther, General Honnen, Captain Luther and Lieutenant Clark, left Caserta b y plane for Rome, where he landed at 1745. The party proceeded to the Hasler Hotel where they stayed for the night . After a short tour through the city they had dim1er at the Excelsior Hotel and later met several new 2nd Lieutenants just graduated from OCS . GenerA.1 Clark arrived at his hotel at about 2330. * * * * FLORENCE-J1JNE 19, 1945-General Clark, accompanied by General Gruenther, �fn �General Honnen, Captain Luther and ~Lieutenant Clark had an audj_ence with the Pope at 1000 hours , arranged by Mr . Gowan of the American Embassy at the Vatican. After a short tour of the Vatican, the Genera l' s party returned to the hotel where they met Colonel Wedemeyer who arranged a meet ing with Prince Umberto at 1130 hours. The General discussed briefly the ItaHan situation with the Prince and later presented his party to His Highness . At 1300 the pa.rty arrived at the American Embassy and had lunch with Ambassador Kirk . After lunch General Clark and General Gruenther left by plane for Florence, arriving at 1615 hours . The General stayed at his villa tonight . · * * * VERONA--JUNE 20, 1945--General Clark, accompe.nied by Genera.I Gruenther , left Florence by plane at 1000 hours and arrived at Verona at 1100 hours . He went immediately to 15th .Army Group Headquarters where he spoke to the assembled officers and men of his headquarters . He then met his staff in the conference room and spoke briefly to them. After lunch General Clark left for his villa on Lake Garda where he relaxed and went in swimming with General Saltzman and Lieutenant Clark . G.e neral Gruenther joined General Clark for dinner this evening at the Lake Garda villa. * * * VERONA- JUNE 21, 1945- -General Clark spent the day at his villa on Lake Garda, relaxing , fishing and swimming. He had dinner in the evening with General Br ann and Lieutenant Clark . * * * * VERONA--JUJE 22 , 1945--General Clark spent the morning at his villa at Sirmione . At 1230 General Mascarenhas , accompanied by Lieutenant Gra.ell, arrived at the Villa for presentation of the War Medal to Generals Brann, McMahbn, Moran and Colonel Porter . General Mascarenhas also presented General Clark with a beautiful coffee set reminiscent of the empire days of Brazil. After lunch General Clark, with General Gruenther and General Br~mn, motored to Riva to inspect under ground factories located there and returned from Riva by boat to the villa. Colonel Sutherland conducted the tour . The General had dinner with General Gruenther, General Brann, Colonel Sutherland and Lieutenant Clark. * * * * VERONA --J1J:NE 23 , 1945- -The General left the cub strip on the spit at 0930 ( and arrived at his headquarters at approximately 0990 . He saw Colonel Porter and was brought up to date on all correspondence . At 1030 Genera l Anders, Commander of Polish Forces in Italy, arrived and after a short conference with General Clark presented General Brann, Colonel D' Orsa and Colonel Burrill with the Polish Gold Cros s of Merit with Swords . After the �presentation General Clark saw Colonel Mills , Commanding Officer of "Phantom" in Ita.ly. General Clark left the headquarters for his villA. at 1300 and spent the afternoon at his villa . In the evening he had dinner with General Brann at General Brann 1 s villa . * * * VERONA--JUNE 24, 1945--Genera.l Clark spent the day at his villa at Sirmione and in the evening had General Gruenther, Genera.I Brann, General Howard , General Lewis, Colonel Smith, Colonel Porter, Mr. Earhart and four State Department girls for dinner . * * * * VERONA--JUNE 25, 1945--General Clark, accompanied by Lieutenant Cla.rk , Captain Luther and Captain Lampson, departed Villafranca. airport at 0930 and arrived at the 91st Division cub strip at 1050 where he was met by General Keyes , General Livesay, General Honnen, General Harding and Colonel Magill, Commanding Officer of the 363rd Infantry. After reviewing Compe.ny D rof the 361st Infantry Regiment which acted as a guard of honor , the General proceeded to the reviewing stand where he spoke to the assembled t r oops of the 363r_d ;J:nfantry Regiment . Foll owing this , the General presented the Medal of Honor to Sergeant Oscar G. Johnson of Company B of the 363rd Infantry Regiment . Immediately after the presentation, the 363rd Regiment passed in review for General Clark and Sergeant Johnson. Arter the review, General Hr-u-ding drove General Clark to 13 Corps Headquarters where the party had lunch . After lunch General Harding conducted a tour through Trieste and surrounding territory for General Clark's party. At 1500 hours General Clark and party took off by cub from Ronchi airfield and landed at Venice at 1545 where they were met by Brigadier Richards and escorted to the Grande Hotel . General Clark bad dinner with General Honnen, Lieutenant Clark, Captain Lampson and Captain Luther and spent the evening with his son . * * * * VERONA - -JTJIE 26, 1945- -General Clark departed from the Lido by cub at 1000 hours and landed at the cub strip at 15th Army Group Headquarters at 1100 hours . He proceeded to his headquarters where he caught up on administrative matters which had accumulated during his absence. General Honnen and Lieutenant Clark left by motor for Balsano at 1500 hours . Lieutenant Clark will visit Paris and depart for the United. States on 2 July 19/f-5 • General Clark left for his villa a.t 1600 hours . ( * * * * VERONA- -JlJNE 27, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 1000 �l50 hours . He worked on important papers during the bala.nce of the morning and at 1200 hours met Mr . Brunner, CINC, VFW; Mr . Kimball, Director of OC Bureau of VFW; and Colonel Heard , GSC , Washington, and had them as his guests for luncheon. * * * * VEROWA- JUNE 28 , 1945--General Clark spent the day at his villa, having luncheon with Brig Gen . Brann. * * * VERONA-JUNE 29, 1945--General Clark, accompanied by General Gruenther and Brigadier Ritchie , left his villa at 0845 by cub and flew to Bologna for the purpose of decorating Polish officers and men . After inspecting the assembled Polish troops in the public square of Bologna, General Clerk presented twenty-eight officers and men of folcorps with American decorations , after which General Anders decor~ted two American officers . Immediately after the decoration ceremony General Clark delivered a short address to Polish troops and was answered by General Anders . The assembled troops then passed in review to General Clark. Immediately after the review the General returned to his headquarters by cub where he worked on important papers prior to lunch . In the afternoon General Clark proudly presented General Brann with his second star before an assembled group of staff members . After pinning General Brann•s star on, General Clark entertained the assembled staff officers in his conference room for a drink. The General spent the rest of the day at his villa at Sirmione. General Clark's speech to General Anders and the officers and men of Polcorps is quoted below: ffGeneral Anders, Officers and Men of the 2nd Polish Gorps: "This has been a happy occasion this morning in presenting to members of your command, in the name of the Government of the United States, American decorations for heroic achievement on the field of battle . "It is the valorous action that you and many other individuals and units have performed which made possible om~ great victory after our long and difficult Italian campaign. "The acts of heroism for which you are being decorated this morning are characteristic of the valorous conduct of the entire 2nd Polish Corps . ''I recently re-t?urned from a visit to the United States. _ I can assure you that the people of our country are fully cognizant and appreciative of the great part you and the other troops in Italy have played in bringL!g about the final peace in Europe . At Chicago where I took a group of officers and men from Italy for a homecoming , celebration, I hRd the privilege of talking to thousands of civilians, among whom were a. large �l5 l audience of Polish-AmeriCRn citizens. They were particularly proud of the magnificent victories of the 2nd Polish Corps. They know the unselfish manner in which you flung your entire vveight into the final battle in spite of the worries and uncertainties which faced you at that time. rtGeneral Anders , the time has come when our paths will part . It has been a great honor for me to have your magnificent command serve with me. I want to thank you for yom" loyalty, devotion to duty, energy 8.nd, above all, the magnificent leadership you have given this cause. _I do not know what the future may hold for you and your men during the bala.nce of this war, but I do know that whatever t ask may be assigned to you, you will conduct it in the same glorious manner in which you have carried on here in Italy. I will now say goodbye and wish you and your men all the luck in the world , and may God watch over you wherever you go .n * * * * VERONA--J1JNE JO, 1945--General Clark spent a quiet morning at his villa. At 1400 hours he took ·off from Villafranca airfield, accompanied by General Gruenther. This was the first trip he had made in his new C-47 plane. He landed at Ca.mpo Forrnido airfield near Udine just before 1500 hours and transferred to General McCreery's C-45 plane , in which he flew to a strip near General McCreery' s schloss in Austria. General Clark and General Gruenther dis_cussed the situation in Austria and the forthcoming move to Vienna with General McCreary and also wi-th Tub:- . Ma.ck , British Ambassador designate to Austria and Major General Winterton. At 1930 hours there v1as a colossal dinner party for members of the Eighth Army. About 6oO guests were present : Practically all commanders in the Eighth ~rmy down to battalion commanders were invited, and there were a few nurses, FANYS, Red Cross personnel, etc . The schloss was beautifully situated in a lovely valley which was floodlighted by searchlights for some twenty miles around. During the course of the evening General Clark met the following ranking commanders - General Anders, Commanding Polish Corps; General Harding, Commanding British 13 Corps; General Freyberg, Commanding New Zealand Expeditionary Force; General Floyd, Chief of Staff, Eighth Army; General Livesay, Commanding u. s. 91st Division; General Hays, Commanding U. s. lOtb Mountain Division, and many others. He also met a Major Braithwaite, presently commanding a battalion in the 78th British Infantry Division, who was the officer who met General Clark on M:lison Blanche airfield on November 10, 1942 and drove him in an armored carrier to the St . George Hotel for his first meeting with Admiral Darlan, and also Miss Whittington, who was the lady in charge of the British Red Cross Rest Center on the Wortersee and whom Ger1era.l Clark ·had met in Sorrento more than a year ago and to whom he had given an American jeep and trailer. General Clark spent the night Rt General McCreery1 s schloss. * * * * VERONA--JULY 1, 1945--General Gruenther left early in the morning to return to 15th Army Group Headq~a.rters. General Clark and General Mccreery left the schloss at about 0900 hours by road and drove into Klagenfurt. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, May 3 - July 1, 1945 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from May 3 - July 1, 1945. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1668 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/152277199fc162f551e9a92e9b889e24.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=Ah0Irf%7EZe%7Eg9ag2Vq9sK0h1tH9862Dyz7kKbVSR3wX0aVcRBNx0bIjq67%7EECazXp%7ETEAGMGqKFy5pepAL5n4-LzG-X3ss%7E7PLi5z96OiC7CujBGAC8npPtFOzX19Tv4oP801iUKPOf4D-DF5hkJJ0-GPqD191FhY2b3m6LxQmWpnULrNpdMfco39LDrZZPvBi0b3kHg1JXvhtSRANUmCga9JImN60ZJSt1vDvobTv-nMxa8gPnLT1mC-pkM%7ENCna-2IBi3ljH-daOMuQCH2Qst1Ztj52WrmM29wut47jaBM9EA1YoeN93WDc0VmwlWJWP9wYPcvZopqj533voohN1g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5e4414bba6aa96a3d9b2310455d0c24b PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. l ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM ( NEW YORK-WASHINGTON, DC - 26 MAY 194? - General Clark left his hotel at 1000 hours and went to the Pennsylvania Station where he boarded the train for Washington . Accompanying him were Mrs. Clark , A~, his mother, Colonel Sullivan and Major Luther. On arrival in Washington, li-eneral Handy, Deputy Chief of Staff of War Department , met General Clark. Also on hand wa s his old friend, General Gruenthf'lr, who a.ccompanied hiin to his mother 1 s apartment where he was to stay Nhile in WE1shington. Mrs . Clark and Ann stayed at the Mayflower Hotel. In the evening, General Clark had a quiet dinner with his family • • "' WASHINGTON - 27 MAY 1947 General Clark arrived at his office in the Pentagon :Building at 0930 hours and after going over some official correspondence , he saw General Aaron Bradshaw and Genera.l Echols . During the morning he had a talk with Colonel Frank Monaghan of the Public Relations Depa.rtment . General Floyd Parks cal l ed on the General and discussed with him a.rrangements for the ArmyIndustry Day which will be held late this summer at Fort Lewis . G;eneral Clark left his office end went to the hotel where he had lunch with Mr~. Clark and remained there the rest of the day. In the evening he had dinner with his family and Major Luther at Harvey's • • { WASHINGTON - 28 MAY 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours called on Gen~rRl Eisenhower in the Chief of Staff's office . Here he held a long discussion and left only to make an 1130 hours appointment with the Secretary of War Patterson . He left the Secretary's office at 1200 and had lunch with Mr~ . Clark, returning at 1415 hours at which time he call~d on Uuler Secretary of War Royall . After going over some official papers, General Clarlt left his office srowent to his mother's apartment . In the evening, with his femily, General Clark attended a cocktail party given by General and Mrs. Gruenther at the Army War College . • • • WASHINGTON - 29 MAY 1947 - General Clark spent the greater part of the day at his office in the Pentagon Building where he saw various members of the War Department steff in preparation for his ts.king over commend of Sixth Army. Among these were Genl'!ral Bliss, the Surgeon General , regarding the new surgeon for Sixth Army, Colonel Pat Ryan, former 5th Army Chaplain and now Assistant Chief of Chaplains, and General Willards . Paul , G-1 • • "' WASHINGTON - 30 MAY 1947 - General Clark spent the morning at the hotel and at 1200 hours went to the Pentagon Butlding where he called on General Spaatz, Chief of Army Air Forces. After conclusion of the conference , General Clark returned to the Mayflower Hotel where he had lunch with Mr~ . Clark . In the evening the General attended a cocktail pRrty given by his mother at the Officers Club of the Army War College . "' WEST POINT, NY - 31 MAY 1947 - General Clark left the Mayflower Hotel at 0800 hours enroute to West Point in Ann's new Buick which the General had purchased for her as a birthday gift. The General and his party arrived at the Superintendent's quarters at West Point at 1630 hours and after a quiet dinner the General retired early. • • "' �-( WEST POINT, 1 JUNE 1947 - General and Mrs . Clark and Ann attended baccalaureate exercises for the graduating class in the Cadet Chapel at 1100 hours with General and Mrs. Eisenhower and General and Mrs. Taylor. After lunch they attended a reception given by the Superintendent for the graduating class at the Superintendent's quarters . Here General Clark met many of his old friends and classmates . At 1730 hours the General took the review, immediately following which he and Mrs . Clark attended a cocktail party and buffet dinner at Colonel and Mrs . Hayden's quarters . This was given for General Clark' s class . After the party General and Mrs. Clark ret urned to the Superintendent's quarters and retired • • WEST POINT. 2 JUNE 1947 - After a long conference with General Eisenhower, 'G eneral Clark accompe.n ied the Chief of Staff and General Taylor to the Alumni Parade which formed in front of Cullum Hall at 1100 hours . After attending these exercises, General Clark returned to the Superintendent's ~uarters and then accompanied the Chief of Staff and the Superintendent •to Cullum Hall to attend the annual meeting of the Association of Grad1ates . Following a rest in the afternoon, the General attended the Graduates Parade which was reviewed by General Eisenhower , after which the Generals Eisenhower, Clark and Taylor were presented with howitzers by the Howitzer Board. That evening General and Mrs. Clark attended a class reunion dinner . Returning from the dinner they dropped in for a while at the Graduates' Hop • • / WEST PO INT , ·3 JUNE 1947 - General Cla?k: accompanied Generals Eisenhower and Taylor to the Field Houee at 1030 hours in order to attend the graduating exercises for the Class of 1947 . General Eisenhower delivered the graduating addre ss and General Taylor presented the diplomas. Following luncheon at the Superintendent's Quarters given for the friends of the Academy, General Clark, accompanied by Mrs. Clerk, Ann and Mr . Robert Christenberry, who had come to West Point for graduation exercises,· and Major Luthe~ drove to New York City where he would remain for a few days • • • • NlL'\'-1 YORK CITY, 4 JUNE 1947 - General Cla.rk left the Hotel Astor at 1215 hours to attend a luncheon given at the residence of Cardinal Spellman. Mrs. Clark and Ann accompanied the General. Upon returning from the luncheon, General Clark rested and then went shopping with Mrs. Clark in the afternoon. In the evening the General and hiP family attended a dinner given by Mr. and Mrs . John Foster Dulles at their home. • Ill NEW YORK CITY. 5 JUNE 1947 - General Clark left the Hotel Astor with Mr. Church of the City National Bank in order to attend a meeting of the Board of Directors af the Bank. The officials desired General Clark's opinion on starting a branch bank in Vienna . Immediately following this meeting, General Clark went to the office of Mr. Jay Lovestone where he talked to an assembled group of members of the International Ladies Garments Union . He returned to his hotel, shortly after which he had lunch with Mr. Roy Howard of Scripps- �3 Howard Publications in Mr. Howard's office. That evening General and Mrs. Clark had dinner and attended the theater with Mr. and Mrs. Biddle • • NEW Y0BX-HERSHEY, PA., 6 JtnlE 1947 - General Clark left the Ho el Astor by automobile at 1000 hours and drove with Mrs. Clark and Ann to the Hershey Estates Hotel at Hershey, Pennsylvania. After a round of golf the General had dinner with Ann and Major Luther. Mrs. Clark was confined to her bed with a severe cold. • • PA., 7-8 JUNE 1947 - General C1ark remained at Hotel Hershey enjoying a much needed rest. HERSHEY, • * HERSHEY, PA., 9 JUNE 1947 - General Clark left Hotel Hershey at 22QO hours and was driven to Harrisburg where he caught the train for Cleveland, Ohio • • • • OBERLIN, OHIO, 10 JUNE 1947 - General Clark arrived Cleveland, Ohio at 0830 hours where he was met by Mr. and Mrs. William Stevenson and wa.s driven to Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio where he received the degree of Doctor of Lew (honorary) this evening. • • • OBERLIN-INDIANAPOLIS, I~1)IANA, 11 JUNE 1947 - General Clark departed Cleveland for Indianapolis at 1200 hours arriving at 1750 hours. He was met by • Dr. and Mrs. McConnick where he stayed during his visit in that city • • • INDIANAPOLIS, 12-13-14 JUNE 1947 - General Clark visited in Indiannpolie and on the night of the 14th left by train for Chicago • • • CHICAGO, ILL., 11-16-17 JUNE 1947 - General Clark viaited Mre. G. I. Marshall (Aunt Zettie) at Lake Forest, Illinois. On June 17 the General and Mrs. Clark left Chicago aboard the CITY CF SAN FRA.NCISCO for San Francisco. * • ENROUTm, 18 JUNE 1947- - General Clark and Mrs. Clark remained on board the train enroute to San Francisco. �( SAN FRANCISCO, 19 JUNE 1947 - General Clark arrived San Francisco 1130 hours and was met at the station by General and Mrs. George Hays, Ann and Major Luther. IDhe Genera.1 a.rove to his quarters at the Presidio and had lunch. In the afternoon he talked with Colonel Groga.n concerning his speech at the official taking over of comman~. of the Sixth Army. At 1600 hours, General Clark, accompanied by General Hays, left the Post by the rear gate and entered by the Lombard gate. As the General's car passed through the entrance a 17-gun salute was rendered him. Troops lined both sides of the road. A large crowd was on hand . to welcome General Clark at the Parade Groundso After reviewing the troops and giving a short speech on assuming command of Sixth Army, General Cla.rk left the parade grounds and went to his office where he held a short press conference. Immediately following the conference, General Clark, accom.panied by General Hays went to the Officers Club where General and Mrs. Hays gave a reception in honor of General and Mrs. Clark • • • SAN FRANCISCO, 20 JUNE 1947 - General Cla.rk arrived at his office at 0930 hours and after going through his correspondence had.a long conference with Colonel Grogan. La.ter he talked with General Hays. After dictating several letters the General went to his home for lunch where he remained the rest of the afternoon. • • SAN FRANCISCO, 21 JIDTE 1947 - General Clark remained at his home during the day unpacking the shipment of household goods and personal articles which had a.r.rived. SAN FRANCISCO, 22 JUNE 1947 · - General Clark remained at hie home during the morning working on his speech to be given tomorrow night at the National Guard Armory. Colonel Grogan talked with the General concerning this. After lunch he took a long walk around the Post and in the evening attended a cocktail party given for him and Mrs. Clark by General and Mrs. Hays. SAN F.RA.NCISCO, 23 JUNE 1947 - General Clarkarrived at his office at 0830 hours and immediately saw General Hays, who was followed by Colone-1 Grogan. At 0945 the General left his office to go to his home where he was met by Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Colman. Mr. Colman is acting mayor in the absence of Mayor Lapham. The acting Mayor and Mrs. Colman escorted General and Mrs. Clark around the city showing them the various points of interest and. after lunch Mr.Colman together with . General Clark went to the City Hall wh ,re they met with the Board of Supervisors of the City of San Francisco. The General spoke to them briefly after which he returned to the Presidio. After a short rest, Gene ra,l Clark put the final touches on his speech for this evening. He had dinner with Mrs. Clark and Ann at his auarters and at 2000 arrived at the National Guard Armory where he· was to be ~welcomed by the City of San Francisco. The General was met by General Mittlesaedt, Commanding General of Second Division, and by General O'Sullivan, Adjutant General of the State of California. Governor Earl Warren was to be present but had to send regrets at the last minute. General O'Sullivan, in Go ernor Warren's absence, introduced General Clark. The General snoke for 45 minutes 30 of which were broadcast. Immediately after the c~remonies, General 61ark returned to the Pr sidio with �Mrs. Clark and Ann. ( • SAN FRANCISCO, 24 JUNE 1947 - General Clark arriyed at his office at 0830 houri and immediately held a conference with Colonel Grogan concerning his off-the-record speech to be given at a luncheon today. At 1000 hours Admiral Donald B. Beary, Commandant 12th Naval District paid his respects to General Clark. At 1100 hours Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf, Commandant of Western Sea Frontier called on the General. General Clark left his office, accompanied by Colonel Grogan and Major Luther, at 1145 hours to attend a luncheon given by General Kenyon Joyce at the Pacific Union Club. General Joyce was General Clark's former commander in the 9th Corps. After the luncheon, General Clark returned to his quarters where he remained for the rest of the day. In the evening he had dinner with Mrs . CJ.art{: and Ann at home. SAN FRANCISCO, 25 JUNE 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and after a conference with General Hays dictated some correspondence. At 1030 hours Major Gene ra1 LeRoy P. Hunt, Commanding General of the Pacific Department of the Marines, paid a formal call on General Clark. General Clark then left his office at 1010 hours, accompanied by Mrs. Clark and Ann, to go to Hamilton Field for a luncheon given by Gen ral Hale, Commander of the Fourth Airforce. Also present at the luncheon were General and Mrs. Hap Arnold. After returning from Hamilton Field, General Clark went immediately to his quarters where he remained rest .ot the day. SAN FRANCISCO-SACRAMENTO, 26 JUNE 1947 - General Clark left Crissy Field followed by Major Oswalt.at 1010 hours and landed at McClellan Field, Sacramento at 1100 hours. He was met by General O'Sullivan , Adjutant General of the State of California, ·and Colonel Lem Boyd, senior National Guard instructor . These men escorted the Gen,eral to the office of the Adjutant General wher~ they showed General Clark their offices and introduced their personnel . At 1200 hours Gener.al Clark went to th'-! Governor• s office in the Capitol Building where he held a short press conference and later met Govern.or Warren. After a short conference, the General was guest at a luncheon of Governor Warren. Immediately following lunch Governor Warren requested General Clark to address a meeting of the Boys' State which was being held in the Capitol Building. The General accepted the offer and addressed the boys at 1400 hours. General Clark then left the Capitol and proceeded to the Airport where he took off to fly back to the Presidio . At 1730 hours General and Mrs . Clark went to Treasure Island where they attended a cocktail party given by Admiral and Mrs. Oldendorr. • SAN FRANCISCO, 27 JUNE 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately d.ictated his speech to be given at the Commonwealth Club this noon. This will be an on-record speech and will be broa.dcast. General Clark consulted Colonel Grogan concerning this address and he then left his office at 1100 hours. After the Commonwealth Club meeting the �( Gener l returned to his house at 1400 to work on his ~ddress for tonight at the Pre s s Club . This will be an on-the-record. talk and will be open to questions . The General depart d at 1800 hours for the Press Club and returned to his quarters immediately after the meeting • • SAN FRANCISCO, 28 JUNE 1947 - Gen~ral Cl rk arrived at his office at 0900 hours and after going through some official papers with Colonel Grogan received Archbishop John J . Mitty t Archb ishop of San Fr .ncisco . At 1100 hours General Hap Arnold b r ought in Fish and Ga.me CommiRsion men to the Gener l ' s office for a call . Gener .1 Clark left his office at 1200 hours and had lunch with Mrs . Clark and Ann this quarters . In the afternoon he attended a rec ~ption given by the Of ficers Club from 1730 to 1900 hours for all military per~onnel in the San Fr ncisco region. He returned to his quarters after the reception where he had dinner . SAN FRANCISCO, 29 JUNE 1947 - Gen~ra.l Clark remained at his aua.rters thro ghout the day and took long walk with Colonel Sulliven in the afternoon . _ At 1700 hours , General Cl rk . ccompanied by Mrs . Clark . Ann , and Colonel and Mrs . Grogan , drove to Burlingame to attend a reception given by Mrs . Lapham , the mother of Mayor Laphe.m of San Francisco , in honor of Mr . Juan Trippe, President of Pan- American and the group of publish~r who accomyanied Mr. Lapham on the inaugural Pan-Americ .n round- the-world flight After the reception General Cla.rk returned to his quarters t the Presidio ~ SAN FRA:" CISCO t 30 JUNE 1947_ - At 0800 hours General Clark left hie qu rters a.t the Presidio , accompanied by Mrs . Clark and Ann and Major Luther . on his first leg of mu.ch promised and deserved vacation . The General ' s party drove to McCr~die Springs, Oregon , where they spent the night . MCCRED IE SPRINGS, LttM, OREGON, PORTLAND , 1 JULY 1947 - GenerP.l Clark' s party left Mc Credi Springs at 0830 hour~ and drove to Sa.lem, 0 regon , where they were m~t at the State Office Building by Gen~ral Rile , ex-Adjutlil!lt General of the State of Oregon , and. General R. F . Olson , acting Adjutant General of Oregon. They accompanied General Clark to the office of Governor Earl Snell where the General paid his respects to the Governor and presented Mr . Jack Hayes the Certificate of Merit for his outstanding work during the war . After the decoration ceremony , General Clark held a short prefs conference , immediately following which General ~na Mrs . Cl rk and Ann were ~uests of General nd Mrs . Olson . at a luncheon . After the luncheon , General Clark ' s party resumed their trip to Fort Lewis where th~y were to spend the night . At Portland a police escort picked up Gen~ral Clark and led him to a spot in the center of town where the local photographers took pictures of the f~mily for the OREGONIAl~ . The Gener~l arrived Qt Fort Lewis at 1815 hour and was met by Gen~ral Paul Kendall , Commanding General of the Second Division,who escorted the General to Fort Lewis Inn where the party w s to sta.y . Mrs. Kends.11 wa s on ha.nd to greet Mrs . Clark . That evening the party had clinn~r t the Fort Lewis Officers Club and then returned to the Inn for the night . �( FORT LEWIS , OLYMPI • WASHINGTON , 2 JULY 1947 - General Clark was met at the Inn by Gen er 1 Kendall at 0900 hours nd had the formal entry into Fort Lewis with a l ?-gun salute AAd guard of honor . Immedi tely followin ,e; the ceremony Gener~l Kendall escorted Gen r 1 Clark to the Second DivisionHeadquarters where the Gener .1 held a pr~ss conference . After the conference Gener l Clark made recordings for the local news broadcast and at 1140 hou r s , accompanied by General nd Mrs . Kendall, MrR . Clark and Ann , left Fort Lewis for Olympia to c 11 on Governor Mon C. Wallgren . After talking briefly with Governor allgren , the General I s party was shown through the CApi tol Building at which time they were demonstra.ted the beautiful acoustic effect of the Hrumnom organ under the rotunda . At 1300 hour~ Governor e.nd Mrs . nllgren entertained General Clark ' p~.rty at a luncheon in the Governor ' s men e i on . Immediately following this luncheon G~neral Clark , accompanied by Governor and Mrs . allgren, General and Mrs . Kendall, Mrs . Clark and Ann , proceeded to Fort Lewis where there was &\. ealu te and gu rd of honor for Governor Wallgren . Following the guard of honor , General Clark proceeded to Post Headquarters and at 1500 hours attended & review of the Second Division . At the r view the General Rddreseed the troops , telling them of the influenc~ of communism and the n~ed for Am rica to stay strong . The General presented the Certificate of Merit for the Presidentof the United States to Mr . W. Ae Groce of Spokane , Washington , in recognition of his work on the Washington St~te Defense Council in World W r II . Immediately following the review , General and rs . Cl rk m~t Mr . and Mrs . Tom Griffiths, with whom they were to stay for the next two weeks at their home on Camano Island . Accompanied by the Griffiths , General Clark's party went to General Kendall's quarters where they met a. few of the senior officer t Fort Lewis and at 1700 hours proceeded to the Officers Club where there was held a PoAt r eception in honor of Genernl and Mrs . Clark. General Clark ' s party, including Mr . and ·Mrs. Griffithe, had dinner t General Kendall' s qu rters at 2000 hour~. * FORT LEWIS , TACOMA., CAMANO ISLAND, 3 JULY 1947 - General Cl rk , escorted by General Kendall , went to the Post Theater at 0900 hours where he addressed the assembled officers stationed. at Fort Lewis and the ROTC Club , giving them in brief his experiences in the last two years in Austri and his dealings with the Soviets . Following the ddress , General Clark return~d to his quarters and worked on his speech to be given in Tacoma at noon . At 1100 hours the General left Fort Lewis , accompe..nied by Gen ~ral Kendall , for Tacoma, W shington to address the a,ssembled Ch .rnb"r of Commerce . Th is me~ting nd luncheon had been arranged by Mr . Tb.fld Stevenson , who had gathered together many of General Clark's old friends whom he had known while st tioned a t Fort Lewis . At the luncheon , General Cl rk spoke again of his de lings with the Soviets the last two years and the conditions in Austria.. Immf'diately following the luncheon, General Clark ' s party left Tacom · and drove to Seattle where they were met by a police escort nd thenwent to the home of Mr . and Mrs .. Thomas Griffiths. After a phort time in Seattle , Gener l Clark ' s party , accompanied by Mr . and Mrs . Griffiths , drove to Camano Island where the General will spend two weeks relaxing and fishing . The Gen ral had promised himself this vac~tion for the past five years while overseas . Aftar dinner General Clark retired early . * CAMA.NO ISLA.MD WASHINGTON , 4 through 9 JULY 1947 - General Clark spent these da.ys relaxing and fiehing at the home of Mr . and Mrs Griffiths on Ca.me.no Isl nd . �CAMANO ISLAND, SEATTLE - 10 JULY 194? - Gen~ral Cl~rk left Camano Island at 0800 hours and motored to Seattle where he was f,SCorted through the mill by Mr . Griffiths and of which Mr o Griffiths is the superintendent . Here he was presented with a rod and reel by th~ owner of the mill Again accompani d by Mr . Griffiths , th~ General went to the W~shington Athletic Club where he spoke to the joint m_eting of the Washington Athletic Club and the 101 Club . He spoke on the subject of his dealings with th~ Soviets in the· last two years in Austria "nd the cond.i tions in that country in general ,, The General returned to the Island immediately following the luncheon and went fishing . * CAMANO AND HOPE ISLA.1JDS , 11 JULY 194? spent the day at Hop~ Island as guest spent the entire day fishing , but had. a dinner at the Hope Ishmd Hotel for sent were Mr . a.nd Mrs Meyer , Mr . and Wagner , and Dr . and Mrs o Manzer . C.AJ. - General Clar~ left Camano Island and of Captain Paul Wagner The General no RUCCess . Mr . a.nd Mrs . Griffi t.hs g.ve General and Mrs . Cb.rk . Among those preMrs . McLeod , Captain and Mrs. Paul 0 ISLAND e 12 JULY 1947 - General Clark spent the day fishing :.nd relaxtng . - CMWW ISLA.MD , 13 JULY 1947 - General and Mrs . Clark , Ann , Mr . '-nd. Mrs . Griffith , Captain Wagner 2nd Major Luther spent the d~y gboard a crashboat from Fort Word n , and took a trip through Deception Pit.SS and :.round the San Juan !$lands . SeverRl times during the day General Clark tried his luck with fi hing , but no success . • • • CAMANO ISLAND , 14 JULY 1947 - G ner.il Clark • pend the day resting . CAMANO ISLAND , EVERE'rT , OLYMPIA, FORT LEWIS . 15 ,TIJLY 194? - General Clark left Camano Island at 0745 hours after a wonderful , but too short , vacation . While p~.ssing through Evt'"rett the General stopp~d t th~ Post Office to call on Mr . Hennessey , who helped obtain an appointment to West Point for Bill. Continuing his trip , the General arrived Q.t Fort Lewis at lJ.00 hours . He was met by General Kendall and later Mr . Charl~s Maybury and Mr. Bader came to the Inn to meet G~ner~l Cl rk and to escort him to Olympia where h~ addressed a g~thering of the Chamber of Commerce . The Gener~.l spoke on his experiences with the Soviets in Austria and the conditions there . He then returned to Fort Lewis and after restine had dinner at the Club with Mrs Clark and Colonel Grogan , who h d flown up from the Presidio . After dinner Gen~ral and Mrs . ClRrk walked around th~ Post and then returned to th Inn where they retired for the night . FORT L"B)/IS , PORTLAND , OREGON, 16 JULY 1947 - General Clark left Fort Lewis at 0800 hours and drove to Portl~d , arriving t~ere at 1130 hours . Accompanied by Mrs . Clark , Ann Colonel Grogan and Major Luther , the GenerQ,l stayed a.t the Hotel Multnomah as guest of the Elks Convention , whom he will address today . After lunch G~ner 1 Clark was met by Judge Franlt J . Lonergan , Past Grand Exalter Ruler of the Elks e Judge Lonergan accompanied the General to the con- �~ ( vention at which tim General Clark was the principBl speskero He dealt with his relations with the Soviets nd the o_u~stion of Austria. Immediately following this speech , the Gener~l went to Judge Lonergan 1 s suite in th~ hotel where they held an open discussion of wh~t each other thought of the Soviets Both ha.d exactly the same views nd gr~ t mutual admira.tion and friendehip developed between them . At this time the Judge arranged for General Clark to stop at Medford Oregon on his wa.y b ck to the Presidio to try his luck on the Rogue River . Gener~l Clark returned to his room and later din d with Mrs . Clark and Colonel Grogan . ~.fter which he retired Q.t an early hour • ... PORTLAND, O~EGON , 17 JULY 1947 - Gen~rQl Cl rk had a press conference Qt 1000 hours nd t 1145 hours went to the office of Mr . Frank of Meier and Frank D p~rtment store , where he hed lunch . Immedi~tely following the luncheon , the General returned to the hotel where he w~s met by Mr. L. A. Lewis. the Grand Exalted Ruler , and Judge Lonergan . He w~s escorted to the ~t~rting point of the parade and along with the Grand Exalted Ruler ~nd Past Exalted Ruler drove to the reviewing stand at the he d of the parade .. Here . they dismounted and took thfl!ir positions in the reviewing stand and. watched the entire Elks parad . Following the parade , the Gen~ral returned to his hotel nd in the ~vening had dinner ith Mrs . Clark and Colonel Grogan nd n , and then retired at ~nearly hour . PORTLA11 Dt MEDFORD, 18 JULY 1947 - General Clark's party left Portland at 0800 hours and drove to Medford where they were to stay at the Hotel Medford . Here Mr. illiam McAllister met the G~neral . Mr . McAllister hpd been contacted by Judge LonergQD o.nd had m de arrangements to h.ke G~neral Clark on the Rogue River . As eoon as the General chs..nged his cl◊thes he ,joined Mr . McAllister ~nd took a three-hour trip on the river , but had no success fishing . Mrs . Durno , wife of Dr. E R. Durno , ~nd Mrs . McAlli ter met Mr~ . Clarie at 1900 hours at the hotel and took th~ remainder of the Cl rk party to the home of the Durno' s where they met several of the locill citizens and had an outdoor barbecue . General Clark joined the p.rty st 2100 hours .nd after dinner returned to the hotel where he retired . * MEDFORD, PRESIDIO, 19 JULY 1947 - General Clark ' s party left Medford , Or gon a.t 0800 hours and motored to the residio . arriving atl800 hours • • SAN FRANCISCO, 20 JUL_ 1947 - Genera Clark spent ·the day at home . In the morning he took~- walk with Colonel Sullivan .nd after lunch ta.lked with Colonel McMahon . The General had dinner at home Q!ld retir~d early • • SAN FRANCISCO, 21 JULY 1947 - Gener~1 Clark arrived ~t his office at 0930 hours and held a long conference with Colonel 9rogan and then with Colonel McM~hon . He asked Captain Talbot , Naval Liaison Officer , to make arr~ngements with Vice Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf Rear Admiral Donald B. Be ry and �l () ( Major General LeRoy P. Hunt so that he might return their calls tomorrow . Caph .in T'1,lbot ma.de these ~rrangements . General Clark dictated for an hour and a ha.lf and then went 'to his home wh~re he had lunch . He remained there throu,e;hou t the ~fternoon . SAN FRANCISCO , 22 JULY 1947 - General Clark met the local Red Cross peop l e at his office at 1000 hours nd at 1030 hours saw General Fredericks , who is bing tr~nsferred to McClelland Field , Alabama . General Fredericka has been the Commanding General at Fort Scott . The Gene rd l a. ter talked with Colonel Groga.n and Colonel McM~hon and then finished dict~ting . At 1230 hours he went to his QU."'rters where he had lunch . Accompanied by Mt-.jor Luther , th Gen .. ral called on Admiral Beary at J.410 hours and. then went to Genera.I Hunt 1 s office at 1450 hours to return ca.lls . At 1530 hours he called on Admiral Oldendorf at TreQ.sure I sland and immediately returned to his quarter~ Rt the Presidio when the visit was finished . General and Mrs Clark dined alone at his o_uarters . S FRA.NCISCO , 23 JULY 1947 - Gener2.l Cls.rk wa,s confined to his qu' !:'ters with a slig.~t cold . In the afternoon La,dy and Lord Furness had tea with Mrs. C 1 rk . The General had to be excused because of being indisposed . SAN FRANCISCO , 24 JµLY 1947 - General Clark rem ined at his ~uarters throughout the day ~nd at 1200 hours Mro Jim Farley lunched with the General at his qu~.rters . SAN FRANCISCO , 25 JULY 1947 - General LeRoy lutes of the Joint Utilization Board called on Gen~rRl Clark in his office . At 1100 hours Judge Robert McWilliQms , Chairman of the San Francisco Rourid Table National Conference of Christiam and Jews , and Director J . Roger Deas called on Gen~ral Clark. This society is a national organization formed to create better understanding and cooperation Qmong the different religions . General Walker commander of Fifth Army H~~dau rters in Chicago , called to pny hi~ respects on General Clark at 1200 . Immediately following this visit the General left his office and went to hie quarters for lunch and where he remained for th~ afternoon . At 1745 the General received Mr. Dougla s Field Malon , who made it possible for General Clark to go to West Point while ;;i, s Assi~tant Secretary of Stat Mr . Me.lone , although not knowing the 17-year old l~d who wr.s to become General Clark appointed him to the Academy . Accompanied by Mr . Malone nd Mrs . Clark , the Gener~1 went to the quarters of Gener 1 Cannon where .he ~ttended a cocktail party given in hiR and Admiral Oldendorf cs honor by General Cannon and Captain Talbot , 6th Army Naval Liaison Officer . Immediately following the cocktail party General Clark and Mrs . Clark returned home where they had dinner . SAN FRA.NCISCO , 26 JULY 1947 - Gen~ral Clark arrived a t his office at 0930 hours immedi tely conferred ith Colonel McMahon concerning his itinerary for his trip next week . At 1030 houre General Cl~rk a Douglas Field Malone for a few minute's on a perPon 1 m tter and after Mr . Halone t s departure the General worked Qn~ �ll on correspond nc for the remainder of the quarters and after lunch drove to Boh~mian p~ni~d by Mr. Allen Hoover younger son of end. guest of resident Hoover . The GenerRl weekend morni.ng . At noon he walken. to his Grov on the Russian River accom~x-Fresident Hoover , to be the weekremained -t th~ Grove over the BOHEMIAN GR VE 27 JULY 1947 - G~ner l Clark sp .,nt the di.y as guest of President Hoover at Bohemia.n Grove. 1(11 SAi.~ FRAi.~CISCO, 28 JULY 1947 - Gen~ral Clark returned to the Presidio at 1100 hours from :Bohemi,m Grove . He h~d lunch with Mrs Clark at h · s qu .rters and remained there the r st of the day \. SAN FRANCISCO, 29 JULV 1947 - G~nerr..l Clark arrived a.t his office at 0930 hours and immediately saw Mr .. Cannon , formerly 1st Sgt . of Gener 1 Clark s Company 30th Infantry here at th~ residio At 1000 hours the General went to G-1 conference , conducted by Colon l Louis M~rtin reg rding war dead being brought b ck from overseas. Elabor~te tops ,cret plans are being m~de to bring back these deae!. . At 1200 hours Gener&l Clark went to his quartttrs and. at 12 30 hours received Roy Howard of Scripps-How rd Pub lications. Mr . How rd rem ined for lunch . At 1430 hours the Gener l returned to his office and held a short conference with General LeRoy Lutes of the War Department . G neral Clark left his office at 1600 hours . * SAN FRANCISCO , 30 JU~Y l'M7 - Gener .. 1 Clark ~rrived t hiA office lil,t 0930 hours where he at once talked with Colonel P xson . Seer tary General Staff , who ask d to be relieved of th~ position a Secretary of Gen~ral Staff because of health reason 9 . The General c .lled in Lt . Colonel C. C. S i th to discuss hi being made Secretary General St~ff nd the conf~rence ended with Colonel Sm th requesting to 1Je sent to G-3 . This requ~st was granted. After ta.lkin.g with Colonel Grog n , General Clark left his ~uarters and drove downtown to the residence of Mrs . Pearl Caligari , 10?9 Fr~nklin Street, where he was to present post-humously a rple Heart award to her son who was killed in Germa11y . Mrs . Caligari had correspond d with the General while he was in Italy .nd had ,ritten him a letter here in San Francisco requesting that he present the ward . G~neral Clark returned to his office at th Presidio and held a long confer nee with Colonel McM~hon . He left the office at 1230 and had lunch t his qu rters , where her mined the balance of the day . t 1730 hours General Clark attended cocktail pa.rty given by Colonel ~nd Mre . Haines a t their quarters in honor of Gener~l and Mre George Hays , Deputy Commanding General , who is leaving eoon to take up his new poAt s G-3 of the Europ an Theater . SAN FRANCISCO , 31 JUlY 1947 - G neral Cb.rk arri'\red at his office at 0900 hours . He conferred shortly with Colonel McMahon and then with Colonel Grogan , 9nd later prepa.red the speech he will give 1i1t the decorat ion ceremony to b held. la_t ,r this morning . At 1030 hours the Gt'!neral wentto the P&rade Grounds where he presented six decorations , three of which were for gallantry in �.ction .-nd the oth~r three being for m,ritorious s rvic • Immedi:itely fol lowing th ceremony , Gen r ....l 01.:.rk , ccomp.nied by Mrs Cb .rk and Colon 1 axson , board d ~ c~ash boat at Fort Scott docks and w nt to the mouth of the Sacramento River where he Sl)~nt th d y fishing How v r , h h--d no ucces! . H r turn d to th r si io at l 45 hours , .nd aft .. r a hurri d ch ng of uniform G~n ral "nd Mrs Clark arriv d at the Officer ... Club wh ., r a r c ption 'IH, h ld in honor of G n ra.l nd Mrs .. Hay who will b leaving tomorrow . Folowing th reception G,mer--1 Clark returned to his qu~rt r wh r. he hrid dinner . * SAN FRANCISCO lAUGUST 1947 GenPr--1 Clark 9rriv d at his offic. t 0930 hours ~nd ~fter s ing Colonel Mciahon diet ted som 1 tt rs He held a long conferenc. with Colonel Grogan a nd th n r turned to his qu--rt~rs wh r he m~d prep· r.,;tions to go to the Bohemi;,n Grove ag9in :'or the w eken • ccompani d by Mr 11 .n Hoovftr the G,ner 1 1 ft his quart r .t 1400 hours and drove to the Grove wh~r~ he again w~s gust of Pr sident Hoov r . BOHFMIAN· GROVE - 2 GUST 194? - G.n er~l Cl~rk r.main d at Boh mian Grov . BOH1i:t.'IAN GROVE SAN FRA.lTCISCO - 3 :UGUST 947 - G nei-r 1 Cbrk left Bohemian Grov .- t 1030 hours ~nd drov . to Sobr Vista ll horn of ,frs . Adolph Spr eke ls , wh r h w• s joined by ~irs .. Clii.rk and Ann who h'='d driv n up from S n Franif.Co ., Aft r ~ short ·hile , lunch .on \>.i'"'S ._. rved . Th p'rty w~s ~ v ry 18,rg ~nd el borctt . ~ff, ir -- The Cb.rk p.irty 1 .ft th Spreckels Est t and drove b y to s Gen~ral and Mrs . Hap Arnold .t Sonom~ and then proc d don to th Presidio . SAN FRA.NCISCO - 4 AUGUST 194? - G ner.a.l Clark arrived · t his office ;.t 0900 hours H imm diat ly conferr d with Colonel McMahon cone rning the dt.-tails of his trip to N v~d" • Ut h 1md. I d.she on which h will 1 ave tomorrow . Colonel Johnson , h -~.d of the Nr...tton;.il Guard Section of G-3 nd form~rly ~tationed in N vad • was call din on th Clark on his trip and then dict .ted s v to hi qua rters wh re the afternoon at home conf r nee . Th Colonel ill accompany G n r~l ter G nera l Cl~rk sn~ Colonel Hines , Chi f ~f St~ff , ral lett rs o H le~t his office ~t 12 noon and walk d h had lunch with Mrs Cl rk. H rem!ilined throughout working on a ~.gSilzjne article .. SAW F rCISCO-C RSOH CITY , NJVADA-RENO - 5 AUGUST 1947 - Gen ral Clark conf rr d with Colon 1 McMr, on .a.t 0845 hours and t 0900 dep~rted for Hamilton Field , accomp ni d by Colon • l Johnson &nd Ma,jor Luth r He .i.rriv d ther ~t 09~5 hours and left in Gen~r~l Hale ' B-17, No 609 , at 0945 n out to C.rson City N v d'The G ne-r~l ' pl..ne rrived at th Mun i cip'11 Airport of C~rMn City a t 1050 hours and 'as m ,t by Brig dier G"!n e r 0 l •iarlow :-ierrick , .Adjutent G ner 1 of the State of :r .v.,da Mayor Elliston ,, Colon .. l Gilb rt E . P rk ,r . (PMS&T , Uni,,.~rsity of v.ida) , Colon ,l Jame A. May (Assistant Adju hn t Gen~r 1) Major . ichl- 1 E Norton (USP&D0 Nevada) , l ajo r W. F . Lov 11 (ORC Reno) Lt . Col Irr. int rmut (Sr . Air Instructor NNG) . G ner 1 M rrick �13 ( escort d G neral Clark to the office of th Gov rnor, Vail Pittm~n, wher General Clark pa.id hi r sp cts to th Governor and narrat d hh account of th subm~.rine trip to th shor of North Africa o Governor Pi ttm,.n v:as v~ry inter st d in the situdtion a.b ro;.d and qu tion d th G neral to gr at 1 ngth reg~rding conditions in rop • At 1200 hours Governor and Mrs . ittman w re hosts to G neral Clark and party nd th group of officers who met General Cl~rk . fter lunch Gener~l M rrick and his offic rs escort d Gener~l Clark on R. trip by automobile to Virginia City wher they visited int re ting cent re of this historical fronti r city ft r visiting the sights of th arly-day TeVRd min s the pQrty motored to R no wh re G neral w~s to ~tay Gt the Riv rside Hotel The General rested for a tim in the '1fternoon and t 1800 hours wa.s guest at a cocktail pilrty in th _ atio of th Riverside Hotel , giv .n by the Ch~b r of Commerc • Following th cockh.il pPrty th .re wa.s a dinner h ld in th ma.in dining room of the hot 1. At 2000 hours Gener~.l Clerk joined the Gov rnor nd W.is escort d to the Sta.te Bui l ding directly Q.cross the tre t from the hotel wh re h d liver d a 30-minute addreso to ~n assembled group of citizens of R no numb ring 3 , 000 . Thi~ was th~ largest group that h~d ver attended a public .ddrecs in this city . Gener:-1 Clark spok on th condition.., in rope ~nd his relations with thfl! Sovi h Imm~di·~t ly following the sp ech . Gov~rnor Pi ttma.n , Ma.yor Sm1 th ~nd Mr Rayme:md Smith, the own~r of H ,rold w Club, corted the G n rQl around Reno , chowing him points of interest . Thy first w n t to Ro;;.,ring Camp ~.nd th n later to H1i1rold' s Club . G n ral Clark then r turned to the hotel wh~r h r tired for th night . RENO-SALT LAK"E CITY, UTAH, 6 AUGUST 1947 - General Cbrk depa.rt d R no Municipal Airport at 0740 hours '1.board the :B-17 . He was :-ccompani d by -Colonel JohnMn ~.nd Major Iu ther .. Th pl~ne 1 nd d at Salt Lak City at llOO hours ~nd w;.s met by G neral J.E. lalsh, Adjut~t General of Idaho , and Colonel Pick tt , Senior NationQl Guard Instructor . G n ·ral Walsh scort d G RT· l Cl rk to th o-4'.'fic of G v rnor Herb rt Mo Maw in the State Capitol Building wher the Gen eral paid his resp ct to the Governor Rnd discuss~d with him a rec nt convention of Gov•rnor which had b en held in $Qlt L k City .. Gen eral M~rshall t S cret.ry of Stat , had beein the principal sp Rker a.t thi. m~eting o After l aving the Capitol Building G neral Cl rk went to th Hot J. Utah v,h r he i'l " S the principal guest at a luncheon e;iv n by th Ch.unber of Oornm~rc for -.bout 200- 250 memo rs . Gen ral Clark d liver d a peech on for ign ~ffairs . Imm diately ollowing th lunch on Gener 1 Cl~rk , accompanied by Colonel Pick tt , l~ft Hot 1 Utah and motor d to Fort Douglas where h was met at the g· te by Colon 1 Tatom , Commending Gen~ral of Fort Dougl s. As the car nter d th r s rvation a 17-gun salute w s fired . Th party proceed a. to th~ p r~d, ground.... 1here a small Honor Gu9rd had b _ n a.ssembled Fort Douglas has been decl~red surplus ·nd only sm~ll g~rrison is station d th r o After th, Honor Guard G n~ral Cl~rk w nt to the main office building wher h m t the ni.or o::'ficers i.n th S---lt Lak City "'~ r '"' • H then went to Colonel T•.torri 1 s qu.-rt r vher he .w as to st..y whil at Fort Doue;las.. He r ted during the aft rnoon and ~t 1630 hours went to th Offic rs Club wi t Colo e l T tom wh rear ception was held for G~n ral Cl rk tom t the officers and their wiv s . on duty at Salt Lake City At 1830 hours G~n?ral Clark wr s escort d by Colont!l T~tom to th Fort Dougl s Golf Club wh re •. m'-.11 d.inn e-r w-.s held i:fl his honor . Thos attenc.ing weir . Gener 1 West , the host . Colonel Tr.,tom , Colonel J " Th b:md (IG) Colonel F H.El~ck (ROTC U of Utah) , olonel Pickett (Sr . Grd . In~ tructor NG) , Colonel ",; . D. Killen (ORO Instructor) Lt Col. B . D. White (ROTC Hie;h Schools) , Lt . Col.. Tyler (Sr . Air In~tructor, NG) , M jor Anloff (R cruiting Officer; . Immedi,..tely following the dinner General Clark walk d to Colonrl �l <-f Tatom' s auarters Luther . i.ccomp'1nied. by Colon 1 T'1.torn Coloni!l Johnson and Major * SALT LAKE CITY, BOISE, IDAHO - 7 AUGUST 1947 - Gen~ra l Cl rl• left Fort Douglas at 0830 hours and drov to the Salt Lake City Municip3l Airport wher . h took off in th B-17 at 0910, ~ccomp.anied by Colonel Johnson and Major Luth r ci The plane 1 nd d. in Boise :-t 1045 hours 2nd was m t by · G nn~l J E .. Wal h (Adjutant G nr-rai of Idaho ) , M.i.yor Pott r How rd of Boi'l?e, , Colon l J. W. Barnett ( S .nior Ground Inotructor Idaho N tional Guard) . G ner~l Walsh escort d G n-r~l Cl rk to th e Strt Cap itol Building wher h paid his r s2 cts to Governor C. A. ~~iR~· Aft r 1 aving the Gov rnor ' s offic General Cl rk w nt to the Hotel/wner h• wrs to stay whil in 3oise . At 1215 hour he w.s pcort d to th Hotel Bois wher heh d lunch with Governor Robin~ , G~ner~l W&llsh , Mayor Howard and th~ R,gul r Army , Reserv Officers ~nd N tion· 1 rTU~rd officers ~t~tioned in Bois &nd vicinity. Imm ·ditr.t ly following the lur1c . l!!on , Genn-.1 Clliirk went to ti.i Veterane Ho~pital located juet outside Boise :..t whi.ch t m he toured the v~ri'ous building~ and gre~ted the natiente. G n~r~l Cl~rk then r turned to th hot 1 where h , r eted for a ~~ort tim during th ~fternoon . At 1730 hour~, ~ccomp~ni d by G~ner~l Welsh . the G neral drove around Boise eeing th v~rious points of int~re t ci At 1930 hours h drove to th Hot 1 Boise wher h was the gi.1est spepki,r at dinn r given by th~ Chamb r of Commerce for .ibout 150 prominent citizens Th a,ddreF-~ c nt red 1Pround conditions in Europ nd rela.tions with th~ Soviets . * BOISE , IDAHO - HAMILTON FIELD , CALIF. - 8 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark left th Bois Airport ~t G900 hours and ~rriv d at Hamilton Field at 1150 . Colon 1 McMahon met him ~t the Airport ~nd rode with him to the Presidio . Th Gen•ra.l w nt dir ct to his auart rs where he r m ined during the day • ... SAU FRANCISCO - 9 AUGUST 1947 - Gen~ral Clark arrived at hi offic at 0900 hour . He left .t 1?.45 hour and went hopping in downtown S~n Francisco during the afternoon . SAN FRANCISCO - 10 AUGUST 1947 - G neral and Mrs . Clark and Ann .nt for lunch to the horn of Powers Symington at Marin County . Th family returned l ter in th afternoon and remain d ~t their q~@rt rs . SAN FRANCISCO - 11 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at ~is office at 0930 hours and immediately conferred with Colonel McMahon concerning arrangements for his trip to Los Angeles and vicinity lat~r this week. At 1100 hours .Colonel T. K. Brown, former Commander of the Rome Area Command in Italy, drop:ped in to say hello to the General. Colonel Grogan later discussed publicity angle! for the Los Angeles trip and went over the General's speeches with him. At 1200 hours the Gen'e ral called in Colonel Paxson in �l5 order to die~ss with him some Division citations on which Colonel Paxson has worked. General Clark left his office at 1245 hours and had lunch at his quarters. He returned to the office at 1430 hours and worked on hie magazine article the renainder of the afternoon. He had dinner at his home with Mrs. Clark. • • SAN FRANCISOO - 12 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and held a G-1 conference with the Chief of Staff regarding bringing back the war dead. Later he talked with Colonel Sullivan who _will go on the trip to Fort Ord and Loe Angeles with the General. At 1100 houra, General !lies, Su,rgeon General of the Army, dropped in to pay hie respects to the Commanding General. General Clark had canalled hie engagement to speak at the BeTO ,·OoJi:f'erence because ofi a bad cold. At 1130 hours Colonels McMahon and Grogan talked with the General concerning final arrangements for the trip to Los Angeles end shortly after that the General walked home to lunch. He remained at hie quarters throughout the afternoon packing for hie 1trip. • • * FOB! ORD - 13 .AUGUST 1947 - General Clark, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, Ann, Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan, and Major Iuther, left by motor at 0900 ;hours enroute to Fort Ord. At the Intersection of u.s. 101 and 156 the State police escort picked up General Clark 1 e party and escorted them to the entrance of Fort Ord where they v re met by Major General Jens Doe. General Doe guided General Clalk to the Guard of Honor in front of Headquarters, and immediately after General Clark revi wed the troops, he went to General Doe's office where he waa given the plans for the rest of the day. General Clark then had lunch in the Terrace Room of the Officers• Club with General and Mrs. Doe, General and Mrs. Marston and the Clarie party. After lunch General Clark was shown around the Post where he inspected the training being conducted. He also vieited the Range, the enlisted men's club, the dri.Yert' inetru.ctors' school, and several other classes. At 1530 hours General Clark went to the Officers' Club where he met the senior staff officers and their wives at a small reception, immediately following which General Clark went to the Parade Grounds where at 1630 hours he reviewed the Fourth Training Division·• Also at this time General Clark presented decorations to Colonel William McC. Chapman (Legion of Merit), lrs. Bertha Abbott (Bronze Star with "V" Device posthumously awarded her son Staff Sgt. Carl .F . Abbott)• and T/Sgt. Lawrence S. Pierson (Army Commendation Ribbon). General m>oe accompanied General and Mrs. Clark: to the home of Mrs. Joseph Stilwell, wife of the former Commander of Sixth Army, at which time they paid a short call. They then proceeded to the home of General Doe at Carmel where they were to stay for the night. At 1900 hours General Clark's party gathered at General Doe's residence for eockta.qs and then proceeded to the Hotel Del Monte where they had dinner. • FORT ORD quarters at Santa Biltmore • - LOS ANGELES - 14 AUGUST 194.7 - General Clark I s party left Headat Fort Ord at 0830 hours enrou te to Los Angeles. They stopped Maria for lunch and the continued on their way, arriving at the Hotel in Los Angeles. Mr. And Mrs. Frank Cole (of the Chamber of �Commerce) and Colonel and Mrs. Robert Hocker ( Commanding General of Fort MacArthur) were on hand to greet General Clark ani his party. After a few drinks General Clark's gu.ests departed and the General and his party then had dinner together in the living room of the General's suite, after ~hich they all retired early • • 1 LOS ANGELES - 15 AUGUS'? 1947 - General Clark spent the morning li his hotel suite working on his speech which he will give at the Chamber of Commerce luncheon at the Biltmore Bowl. He saw Mre. ~stelle Crane, cousin to Aaron :Bradshaw, at 1100 hours and at 1200, accompanied by Colonels Sullivan and Hocker, went to the Biltmore Bowl where he spoke to the 1500 people gathered there for the Chamber of Commerce luncheon. Among those present- were; The Honorable Yletcher :Bouron, Mayor ot Los Angeles, The Honorable Raymond V. Darby, chairman of the County Board of Supervisors, Sheriff Biscailuz, , Mr. C. s. Beesemyer, president of the Chamber of Commerce, and Mr. Carlton B. Tibbetts, Toast Master, who is chairman of the Military Affairs Committee of the Chamber of Commerce. Many other notable persons of the armed forces were included at the Speakers• table. General Clarlt spoke on conditions in Austria and of his dealings with the Soviets in his last two years abroad. Immediately following the luncheon, General Clark went to Conference Room 6 on the Mezzanin of the Biltmore and held a press conference. After resting chlring the. afternoon, General Clark went to the California Club wh_e re he was the guest of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce and a few top-ranking industrialists. After cocktails in the patio, General Clark was the main speaker in the Sunset Room. The attendance consisted of ?5 top-flight industrialists and other leaders. It was stag and confidential. General Clark gave an off-the-record talk of the planning phase of the North African campaign and also his dealings with the Soviets. Mr. Tibbett was again Toastmaster. After the dinner, General Clark returned to his hotel and retired for the night • • • • U)S ANGELES - 16 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark was met at the hotel by Col- onel Hocker and along with his party drove to Fort MacArthur. Rs he entered the gate, a 17-gun salute was rendered him and an Honor Guard was formed. After reviewing the troops, General Clark drove to the Parade Grounds where- he decorated the following persons: Colonel Waldron J. Cheyney (Legion of Merit); Colonel Herbert O. Russell;(Oak-Leaf Cluster to Legion of Merit);Lt. Colonel James I. McBride (Legion of Merit); Mrs. Alta D. Walsh (Bronze Star Medal, posthumously award hueband, Col. Birrell Walsh); Colonel Raymond E. Smith (Oak-Leaf Cluster .to Bronze Star Medal); 1st Lt. William O. Thomas (Bronze Star Medal); Chaplain Floyd H. Rolf (:Bronze Star Medal); Major Kyle R. Jackson ·(Bronze Star Medal); Captain Edw. J. Clausen (Ar.ny- Commendation Ribbon); Captain Robert McWade (Army Commendation Ribbon). After the decoration ceremony, General Ola rk andhis party proceeded to the Officers' Club where a small reception was held in order that General and Mrs. Clark riight meet the officers and their wives at the Fort. At 1200 hours General Clam and party left Fort MacArthur and drove to Bel-Air where they were to stay in the Twentieth-Century-Fox Film Corporation mansion ae �11 guests of Darryl Zanuck. Mr. Clarence Hutson of the Public! ty Depart.men t of Twentieth Century-Fox, was on hand to greet General Clarlc 1 s party and after a ligb.t lunch the General rested. Later in the afternoon he took a swim in the beautiful pool which wound through the gardens. at 1930 hours General Clarlc and party left Bel-Air 1n a studio car and drove to the beach home of Mr. and Mrs. Zanuck for a wonderful party given in the General' e honor. i-Mr. Zanuck had served as Colonel with General Clark in North Africa and this was the renewing of a great friendship. For the evening the grounds of the Zanuck home had been turned into a large campaign tent and all the Hollywood celebrities turned out to honor the General. Among them were: Clark Gable, Lana TQrner, Tyrone Power, Greer Garson, Rosalind Bussell, Myrna Loy, William Powell, John Payne, Bebe Daniels, Ben Lyon, George Jeseel, Joan and Constance Bennett, Ginger Rogers, Norma Shearer, Joan Crawford, Ina Lupino, Mark Stevena, Herbert Marshall, Irving Berlin, Gary Cooper, Van Johnson, Hedda Hopper, Louella Parsons. After c~cktails a buffet dinner was served, followed by dancing. General Clark departed at 0330 hours • • • I.OS ANGELES - 17 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark: spent the entire day relaxing and swimming at the Bel-Air house. In the evening he was guest of General and Mrs. Lyman Munson at Chaaen' s Restaurant at Beverly Hillso • * U)S ANGELES - 18 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark remained at the Bel-Air house throughout the morning. He took a short swim and then dressed to go to Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation where Darryl Zanuck was to give a luncheon e,t which the top executives, producers, directors and actors of Twentieth Century~Fox were present. General Clark gave an off-the-record talk on the subject of foreign affairs and his dealings with the Sovietso George Jessel was Toastmaster and introduced General Clark. Immediately following the luncheon, the General left the studio lot and returned to the Bel-Air house where he rested and swam during the afternoon. In the evening General Clark, accompanied by Colonel atllivan and Major Luther, went to the Case hotel where the General was guest of the Greater Los Angeles Press Club. The Press Club has been formed only two months and this was the first formal dinner at which they had a .guest speaker. The Club honored General Clark by presenting him its first honorary membership • .At the dinner General Clark gave an off-the-record speech regarding the preparations for the North African invasion and details of his submarine trip to the shores of North Africa prior to the invasion. Later he spoke on foreign affairs and the policies of and relations with the Soviets. He left immediately after the dinner and returned to Bel-Air • • IDS ANGELES - SAN FRANCISCO - 19 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark and party departed at 0700 hours enroute to San Francisco, arriving there at 1830 • • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 20 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He immediately dictated several lett rs catching up on his correspondenc and then held a long conference with Colonel McMahon. At 1030 hours he talked with Colonel Haines and then called in Major General �Alfred M. Gruenther, who hiid arrived during General Clark' e absence. General Gru.enther had been on the trip to Alaska with General Eisenhower. General Clark spent the remainder of the morning with General Gruenther and walked home with him where Mrs. Glark joined them for lunch. The General spent the afternoon at his quarters and in the evening attended a cocktail and dinner party given by General and Mrs. Davidson in honor of General and Mrs. Gruenther. Aft~r a large portion of the guests had left, General Clark and General G ruenther challenged Mrs. Sullivan and Mrs. Davidson to a round of bridge. SAN FRANCISCO - 21 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He called in Colonel Grogan for a long conference. After seeing Colonel McMahon, the General saw General Gruenther at which time they talked at great length concerning the reorganization of the War Department. General Cla.,.rk had lunch at his quarters and spent the afternoon there preparing for the cocktail party and buffet supper he and Mrs. Clark are giving this evening in honor of General and Mrs. Gruenther. The guests arrived a.t 1730 hours and included the General staff and wives, who had come from Vienna, Admiral and Mrs. Old.endorf, General and Mrs. Hunt, General and Mrs. Hale, General Sweeney and fs.mily, General and Mrs. Ca~no9,,etco A movie "Margie" was shown following the wpper. • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 22 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at his o.ffice at 0845 hours and saw Colonels McMahon and Grogan. He then dictated several letters and other correspondence and left for luncheon at his house at 1245 hours. General Clark returned to the office for a short time in the afternoon and then departed at 1545 hours for his quarters. In the evening General and Mrs. Clark had dinner with Colonel and Mrs. Martin • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 23 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark spent the day with General McKay fishing outside Golden Gate on one of the sea-going tugs of the Transportation Corps. General Clark caught five large salmon • • * SAN FRANCISCO - 24 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark spent the day at his quarters and in the afternoon called on Mrs. Simon Bolivar Buchner, widow of the late General Buchner. • • SAN FRANCISCO - 25 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark: arrived at hie office at 0945 houre. He first went over his mail and then dictated some changes in the article "The Unhappy Truth" which he ie writing. He later talked with Colonel Paxson regarding the article a nd asked the Colonel to go over it and recom- • mend any changes he saw fit. Later he talked with Colonel Grogan and then with Colonel McMahon and Colonel Hainee. After dictating several lettere, the General walked to his quarters for lunch. Accompanied by Colonel Gorby and Mrs. Clark, the General left his quarters at 1300 hours and drove to Crockett where he boarded a Criss-Craft and went fishing in the mouth of the Sacramento River. He caught one ten-pound striped bass. The group returned at 1800 hours • • �19 SAN FRANCISCO - 26 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and saw Colonel Paxson with regard tothe changes the Colonel had to recommend on the General's article "The Unhappy Truth". Aft~r going over this General Clark RaW Gereral Frederick, who came in to bid the General good~ye. General Frederick is going to Maxwell Field, and General Lawton is now Commander of the Sea-Coast School at Fort Scott. Lt. Colonel Weyand of the G-2 Section of the Hawaiian Department called on General Clark to deliver personal messages from General Hall, Commander of the Hawaiian Department,concerning · the bringing back of the war dead, and also General Clark's plans for a trip to Hawaii. Just before lunch, General Clark talked with Colonel Grogan concerning the change in the article which the General had made earlier in the day, and he then saw Colonel McMahon, who then walked home with the General. ·In the afternoon, General and Mrs. Clark nt downtown shopping for a large bed for the General's bedroom. That evening they had dinner at their quarters • • • SAN FRANCISCO-FORT MASON-CAMP STONDiAN - 27 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark left his quarters at 0845 hours, accompanied by General McKay, General Davidson, Colonels McMahon and Su.lliTan. and Major Luther, and arrived at the Franklin Street entrance .of Fort Mason at 0830 hours. As he entered Fort Mason a 17gun salute was fired. The General went directly to the Officers Club in front of which an Honor Guard had been formed. After reTiewing this Guard, General Mclay accompanied General Clark to the Headquartere where General Clark met all the eenior staff officers of the port. After being oriented on the facilities and activities of the Port, General McXay escorted General Clark on an inspection tour of Fort Mason, including Dependents• Processing Center, the Officers' Mess Annex (Hostess House), the piers at Fort Mason. and the dock area. At 1030 hours the General's party inspected the Army Transport, AIMIRAL MAYO, end after completion of the inspection, boarded the OOUGHBOY at Pier 4 Fort Mason. The DOUGHBOY took the General I s party .on a circuitous route around Angel Island and then to Oakland Army Base where the General inspected facilities there. While on board the General's party had lunch. They arrived at Oakland Army Base Pier at 1330 hours and disembarked and were met by Lt. Colonel Perry. Commanding 0f£icer of Oakland Army Base. After a drive through Pier 6, General Clark's party went to the Post Headquarters where they met the present Post staff and Divi ion Chiefs, including the Deputy Port Transportation Officer, Deputy Port TC &1.pply Officer, Chief of Property Disposal Division, Chief of American GraTes Registration Service Division, Commanding Officer of Q.M Purchasing Branch, Western Branch, Division Engineer of South Pacific Division. Finance Officer of U.S. Army, San Franciseo. After inspecting Post Headquarters, General Clark inspected the area which will be the deToted to receiving World War II dead. He then went to the railroad yards where he had a look at the converted railroad cars which will carry the bodies. After inspection of the warehouse area and Port salvage yard, General Clark and party departed for Camp Stoneman. arriving there at 1530 hours. The General inspected the diffe~ent facilities at this Camp, including Post Headquarters. dependents• quarters. Consolidated Officers' Mess, Training Regiment O.R.D, Casual Officers Club, Separation Station, Post Battery, and the dock area. After completion of inspection General Clarie and party went to the Parade Grounds at 1645 hours where he reviewed the troops of Camp Stoneman. Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Davidson and Mrs. McXay had arrived in time for the review. Immediately following this, General Clark's party and the wives went to the Officers Club where they attended the reception and had an opportunity to �meet the staff officers of Camp Stoneman and their wives. At 1800 hours Colonel Whitcomb, Commanding Officer of Camp Stoneman, gave a dinner at the Club in honor of General Clark. Immediately following dinner, Gereral and Mrs. Clark returned to the Presidio. • • • SAN lRANCISCO - 28 AUGUST 1947 - Gener&l Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and after going through his mail spent considerable time dictating correspondence and revising his article "The Unhappy Truth". Later he prepared a short speech for the Decoration Ceremony to be held on the Parade Grounds this afternoon. He then held a long conference with Colonel Grogan. Later he dictated a letter to Roy Howard and to Secretary of Defense Forreetal and to ·General Eisenhower, concerning the recent charge,, made by the ScrippsHoward Publications against General J.C.H. Lee. Mr Howard had asked the General for comments on the subject and these W8re given him. Secretary Forrestal had had word about this and asked General Clark for his comments. The General has done this. After preparing the letter General Clark talked with Colonel Grogan again and later he saw Colonel McMahon. Just before leaving for lunch, General Clark -spoke with Colonel Haines and then walked home with Colonel McMahon·. He remained at his quarters until shortly before 1600 hours at which time he returned to his office and saw Colonels Grogan and McMahon. At 1600 he went to the Parade Grounds where he held a Decoration Ceremony. Immedia.tely following the ceremony the General, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, returned to hiA quarter s and at 1730 hours attended a cocktail party at the Officers Club given by Colonel and Mrs. O'Har, Finance Officer of Sixth Army. ... • SAN FRANCISCO - 29 AUGUST 1947 - General left Fort Scott Pier aboard a crashboat, accompanied by Mrs. Clark, Colonel and Mrs. Gorby and Captain Patterson, aide to General McXay, and Sgt. Flint of the Mi litary Police, and spent the day outside the Golden Gate fishing. The General caught two nice-sized salmon. He returned to ~iarters approximately 1800 hours. • ( • SAN FRANCISCO - 30 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately called in Colonel Grogan to discuss changes in his letter to Secretary Forrestal concerning General Lee. After revision of the letter, General Clark took care of some more correspondence and then talked. with Colonel McMahon for a long time concerning his appointmemts and itineraries for the next two months. Later Colonel Martin, G-1, came in to see the Gener81 concerning a conference on the return of war dead and ceremonies connected therewith. Genere.l Clark received a call from Mrs. Stilwell concerning the dedication of Stilwell Hall, and immediately contacted Colonel Hillsman, head of the Reserve Corps, to go call on Mrs. Stilwell, in order that plana may be made for the dedication, tentatively set for September 18. At 1200 hours General received Mr. Luigi Antonini, an old friend from New York, who was here for the Sons of Italy conference. After a short talk, General Clark left his office accompanied by Mr. Antonini and went to his quarters where they had lunch. The General reme.ined at his quarters throughout the afternoon working on his speech to be given before the Sons of Italy dinner meeting at the Hotel Fairmont this eTening. Accompanied by Colonel and Mrs. McMahon, Colonel and Mrs. Grogan, General and Mrs. Clark a,ttended �the Sons of Italy dinner at 1800 hours at which the General spoke • • • • SA.N FRANCISCO - 31 AUGUST 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters throughout the day and after lunch he and Mrs. Clark repaid several calls. In the evening they were guests of Colonel and Mrs. Tobin (retired) at cocktails, dinner and bingo at the Officers Club. • • • SAN FRANCISCO - l SEPTJ1MB"ER 1947 - Genere.l Clark, accompanied by Ann, w~nt fishing at 0500 hours aboard the craeh boat. They returned at 1330 hours and after resting tn the afternoon, General and Mrs. Clark had dinner with Colone:}. and Mrs. Sullivan at the San Francisco Yacht Club, at SAN FRANCISCO - 2 SEPTEl.ffiER 1947 - General Clark arrived his office at 0830 hours and immedietely saw Colonel Crosby, Post Veterinarian, concerning the death of two of the General's dogs. The Great Dane, which had just arrived from Washington on 21 August, died of canine distemper last 30 Au.gust and last night one of the pups died. After talking with Colonel9 Grogan and McMahon the General worked on correspondence. At 1030 hours Archbishop Mitty brought in Cardinal Gilroy of Sydney, Australia. General Clark was at the Consistory when Cardinal Gilrey was elevated t o Cardinal. At 1100 hours Colonel Paxson came in with the General I s a.rtiele "'l'he Unhappy Tru.th" for the final corrections and then after going over it carefully the General prepared it for final fonn. General Clark then dictated some letters and at 1215 hours walked to his quarters for lunch. In the afternoon General Clark went shopping with Mrs Clark end then had dinner at his quarters in the evening. • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 3 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and after a long conference with Colonel Grogan concerning final plans for Industrial Day at Fort Lewis, he saw Colonel Johns, Division Engineer at 1030 hours. At 1100 hours the head of the Army Language School at the Presidio of Monterey held a conf~rence with General Clark in order to familiarize the General with the s etup of the Language School. Colonels McMahon and Haines talked with the General just before lunch end after dictating some letters the General went to his quarters for lunch. At 1500 hours he returned te his office where he worked on his magazine article and then wa~ed to his quarters at 1630 hours. The General had dinner in the evening with Mrs. Clark e.nd. Ann at his quarters • ... ( SAN FRANCISCO - 4 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediE1.tely talked with Colonel Grogan concerning his two speeches which he will deliver today - one for the dedication of the new Court Martial Room and the other at the Bnai Brith Society where he will receive a citation. After talking with Colonel Clt-ogan the General dictated changes on his two speeches and then saw Colonel McMahon. · Later Colonels Haines and Martin se.w the Gene:r~l and for the remainder of the morning General Clark studied his speeches. At 1230 hours he waL~ed home with Colonel McMahon for lunch. The General rested for a short time, immediately �following lunch, and then returned to his office at 1530 hours. Colone Young, Judge Advocate, brought in Major General Green, Judge Advocate General, who had just arrived from Washington for the dedication ceremony. After talking with General Green for a short time, General Clark aecompanied him to the new court martial room for the dedication ceremony. Immediately following the dedication General Clark returned to his quarters where he look dover his speech for this evening. At 1830 hours General Clark went to the Hotel Leamington in Oakland where he attended the B'nai B'rith ceremony and received a citation from the Society. Immediately following the close of the ceremony General Clark returned to his quarters at the Precidio. SAN FRANCISCO - 5 SEPT»IBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immed.ia.tely saw Colonel McMahon. A report had come in that the salmon were running outside the Golden Gate so the General made preparations to go fishing. He left Fort Scott pier aboard a crash boat at 0930 hours, accompanied by Colonels Lloyd and Martin, and spent the entire day fishing. He returned to his quarters at 1730 hours end in the evening had guests in for a movie a,t the hous"" • ( SAN FllANCISCO - 6 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived a.t his off ice at 0900 hours and immedfote:J.y saw Colonel Grogan concerning his appointment with Mr. Jack Fohie of the SF Chronicle. . Mr. Fo·hie is writing an article about the Genere1 for Colliers. At 1000 hours the General was interviewed by Mr. Foisie and spen,t the rest of the morning with him., After seeing Colonels McMahon and Haines, General Clark l ft his office for lunch. He spent the afternoon at his quarters and in the evening attended e, formal dinner dance at the Officers Club as guest of Colonel and Mrs. Woodward. SAN FRANCISCO - 7 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clar!c spen,t the day at his quarters. SAN FRANCISCO - 8 SEPTEJ;ffilR 1947 - General Clark arrived at his off ice at 0900 hours end immediately dictated some correspondence. He later talked with Colonel Grogan concerning the sp_eech to be given at the Electrical Contractors Convention at the Mark Hopkins Hotel this evening. At 1000 hours G neral Clark conferred with General Davidson. Later he worked on his sp ech. At 1230 hours the General went to the Pacific Union Club where he had lunch with Mayor Lapham. He returned to his quarters after the luncheon and again went over his speech for tonight At 1940 hours he arrived at the Merk Hopkins Hotel, accompanied by Generals Cannon and Davidson, to attend the Electrical Contractors Convention at which he was the guest speaker. �SAN FRANCISCO - CA.MAJIC ISLAND, 9 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark, accompanied by Colenel Luis Martin and Captain Waters, left Hamilton Field at 0730 hours and landed at Ault Field, Whidbey Island Washington at 1130 hours. From Ault Field the party proceeded by car to Oak Harbor where they boarded a crash boat for Camano Island. , They were ~t . at the pier by Mrs . Clark and Maude and Tom Griffiths. Colonel Martin had lunch with the group and then departed for Fort Worden. General Clark end Mr. Griffith~ fished during the afterneon and in the evening rested and relaxed. • • CAMANO ISLAND, FORT WORDEN - 10 SEPTl!l-mER 1947 - General Clark ar se at 0430 hours and, accompanied by Mr. Griffiths and Captain Walters , went to Hope Island where he spent the morning fishing with Captain Wagner. The General returned to Camano Island at 1330 hours where he had lunch and prepared to depart for Fort Worden. At 1545 hours the General was picked up by a craoh boat and with Mrs. Clark and Captain Watere cro~sed the Sound through Deception Pa.as and landed at Fort Worden about 1745 hours where he ws.s met by General Ogden. General and Mrs. Clark spent the evening as guests at the o~arters of General and.Mrs. Ogden • • • * FORT WOPJ)EN, FORT FLAGLER. FORT CASEY, FORT LEWIS - 11 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General and Mrs. Clark had breakfast with General and Mrs. Ogden and then inspected the Honor Guard which was formed outside Post Headquarters at 0755 hours. Following the Guard, General Clark was briefed on the mission and tactical organization of the 2nd Engineers Special Brigade commanded by General Ogden. With General Ogden, the General then watched a review of engineering equipment used by the Sp cial Brigade. Following this the General boarded a crash boat with General and Mrs. Ogden and Mrs . Clark @ ,nd we.tched a boat review fx·om the Sound. At the conclusion f the boa.t review, the c rash boat proceeded to Fort Flagler where the General debarked and inspected the 85th Boat Company and installations. At the completion of this tour of inspection General Clark and party again boarded the crash boat and proceeded to Fort Casey where the General inspected the 79th AMTRAC Company. During this inspection the General was treated to a ride in an amphibious tank. Completing inspection of Fort Casey, General Clark returned to Fort Worden and then proceeded to the Station Hospital where he talked with Staff Sgt. Alouis A Schreiber, who was hospi_talized with arthritis. Sgt. Schreiber had been the coxsw in on the crash beat during the General's previous trips to the Northwest. General and Mrs. Clark had lunch with the Ogd·e ns and then proceeded by staff car to Fort Lewis. arriving at 1600 hours . That evening General Clark attended a stag dinner party as guest of General Kendall at the Tacoma Country Club. He returned to the Fort Lewis Inn at 2130 hours where he spent the night • • FORT LEWIS, WASHINGTON - 12 SlilPT:BJ.1EER 1947 - September 12 was Army-Industry Day a,t Fort Lewis. General Clark inspected his Honor Guard and then returned to Fort Lewis Inn for a short period. Following this,he received a review of the 2nd Division, in company with Senator Harry P. Cain and other visiting General Officers and civilians . After the review the General went to the Officers Mess fQr an informal recen tion of guests at the conclusion of which the General attended a buffet luncheon where he was welcomed by Colonel Albert H. Hooker (retired). Chairman of A-I Day, and Generaj. Xendall. The gr oup then proceeded to the theat er f or off-the-record talke. General Clark �t .GENERAL MARK WAYNE CLARK, COMMANDING GENERAL SIXTH ARMY * SPONSORED * BY NORTHWEST * MILITARY .* ASSOC I ATIONS �) General Mark Wayne Clark, Commander, Sixth Army, born at M adi son Barracks, New York, 1896, graduated at West Point in 1917. As Captain 11th Infantry, he was wounded in action in France in World \"'v' ar I. Upon recovery he participated in St. Mihiel and- Muesse-Argonne offensives. Gen eral Clark is a graduIJ ate of the Infantry School , :, Command and General Staff School. and the Army War College. He was instructor for Indiana National Guard, and the Army War College. He served with the 30th Infantry Regiment in California and on th e 3rd Division Staff at Fort Lewis. Gen er a I M ark Wa n e CI ark' In 1942 General Clark became successively, Chief of Staff, Army Ground Forces ; Commander, II Corps; Commander, Ground Forces, European Theatre ; then deputy Commander-in-Chief, European Theatre. Prior to the North African invasion Cl ark made · his dramatic hazardous submarine rendezvous with Admiral Darlan, resulting in Darlan repudiating Vichy, ordering French African Forces to cease resistance to the Allies. In 1943 General Clark became Commander of the Fifth Army, directing the Italian invasion, then as Commander of the 15th Army Group, which included the British 8th Army, he headed all Allied Forces in Italy. His campaigns culminated in the Po Valley off ensive, resulting in the formal surrender of 230,000 Germans four da):'. before the end of hostilities in Germany. In 1945 General Clark became High Commissi oner and Commander of United States troops in Austria. In 1947, prior to his present Command, he was deputy to Secretary of- State Marshall at the London and Moscow Austria Treaty negotiations. General Clark's twelve American decorations include the Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal (twice) , Navy Distinguished Service Medal , Legion of Merit, Bronze Star and Purple Heart, with 18 top decorations from foreign countries. Lieutenant General J oseph Lawton Collins, deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, born 51 years ago in New Orleans, has been a soldier 34 years. He is a graduate of West Point, two Infantry Schools, Advanced Artillery, Command and General Staff School Army Industrial Colleg a nd Army War College . • He was an instructor for 10 years,-at the United States Military Academy, the Fort Benning Infantry School and at the Army War College. Lt. General J Lawton Collins General Collins was with the American Expeditionary Forces for two years in World War I. He has served with the 8th, 18th, and 22nd Infantry Regiments and the Philippine Scouts. He was Director of Military Intelligence for the Department of Philippines and later in the Office of the Secretary of War. General Collins was Chief of Staff VII Army Corps in Alabama in 194 1 until Pearl Harbor, when he became Chief of Staff for the Department of Hawaii . As its Commanding General, he led the 25th Infantry Division through long campaigns in Guadalcanal and New Georgia. In 1944 as Commanding General he led his VII Corps from Normandy through France and Germany until the Elbe River junction with the Russians. ' In 1945 he became deputy Commander American Ground Forces, then Chief of War Department Information until his present assignment. General Collins' United States decorations include Distinguished Service Medal (twice) , Legion of Merit (twice), Silver Star (twice) , with 7 decorations from foreign governments. �LT. GENERAL COLLINS LT. GENER,\L VANDENBERG MAJ. GENERAL AURAND •I Lieutenant General Hoyt Sanfort Vandenberg, Dep. Commander A.A.F., born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1899, is an Air Service graduate of West Point, 1923, also a graduate of Brooks Field, Texas Flying School , Kelly Field, Texas Advanced Flying School, Command and General Staff School, and the Army War College. He was an instrucror at March Field, California, and at the Tactical Flying School , Maxwell Field, Alabama, and has served with the 3rd Arrack Group and the 6th Pursuit Squadron. Lt. Genera Hoyt S. Van den berg ' In 1942, he became A- 3, Air Staff operations and training officer, then later went ro England . to develop North Africa Air invasion plans. As Chief of Staff, 12th Air Force, he participated in North African invasion, and the Tunisian and Sicilian campaigns. His appointment as deputy Chief of Air Staff was made in 1943, then in 1944 deputy Air Commander-in-Chief, European Theatre, then Commander of the 9th Air Force. In 1945 he became Assistant Chief, then deputy Chief of the Air Staff, then in 1946, Director of Central Intelligence. General Vandenberg's United States decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Silver Star, Distinguished Foreign Cross and Air Medal ( 4 twards). Major General H enry S. Aurand, Direcror of the new War Department Divi sion of Research and Devel op ment, was born in Tamaqua, Pennsylvania, in 1894, and graduated from West Point in 1915, in Coast Artillery. Soon transferred co Ordnance, he saw duty at Ft. Sam Hous- MajOr Genera I Henry S. Aurand ~~giJ;~a:~. i~ye~°o1f~; Camp Ogelchorpe, Georgia; Proving Grounds at Aberdeen, Maryland, and Sandy Hook, New Jersey, and in the Philippines. He graduated from several Ordnance Schools, Command and General Staff School, Army War College and Army Industrial College, and was an instructor in Ordnance Schools and the Army War CoJlege. In 1941, on the War D epartment General Staff, General Aurand became Director of the International Division, Services of Supply. In 1942 he was Commanding General Sixth Service Command. In 1944 he became deputy Chief of Ordnance, European Theatre, then Commanding General, Normandy Base Section which included Cherbourg, Le Havre, Rouen and other smaller ports. In 1945 he was Commanding General Services of Supply, China theater and in 1946 was Commanding General Africa, middle ease theater, returning co the War Department for his present assignment. His twelve decorations include the Distingui shed Service Medal ( 3 awards) and top foreign decorations. �U.S. SENATOR HARRY P. CAIN MAJ. GEN. PAUL W. KENDALL CHAIRMAN, ALBERT H. HOOKER PROGRAM OF EVENTS Morning 9: 30 A. M .-Regiscracion of Guests. 10:00 A . M.-Combat Equipment Display. 10: 30 A. M.- Review-2nd Infantry Divisi on. Air Force Demonstration. 11:20 A. M.-Officers' Club Reception for Guests . Afternoon 12:05 P. M .-B uffet luncheon . Ft. Lewi s Officers' Club. Albert H. Hooker, Chairman, Northwest Military A ssns., will preside. \Welcome: Major General Paul W. Kendall, Commander, Fore Lewis. Introduction of General Clark and War Department representatives. 1:1s P. M.- WAR DEPT. off the record PROGRAM Post Theater No. 1 Major General Kendall will preside. Brief questions will be permitted after each talk. General Mark Wayne Clark, Commander Sixth Army "The Situation in Austria." Lt. General J. Lawton Collins, Deputy Chief of Staff, U. S. Army. " National Security in the Atomic Age." Lt. General H oyt S. Vandenberg, Deputy Commander Army Air Forces. ' 'Role of Air Power in National Security." Maj. General Henry S. Aurand, Director, Research and Development. " Role of Research and Development in National Security." 1 �EVENING PROGRAM 5: 30 P. M. -Recepti on ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___________ fort Lewis Gymnasium 6: 30 P. M.- Dinner_ ________ ________ ________________ Fort Lewis Officers' Club UNITED STATES SENATOR HARRY P. CAIN WILL PRESIDE. SPEAKERS: GENERAL MARK WAYNE CLARK _______________ _ Commanding General, Sixth Army MAJOR GENERAL EVERETT S. HUGHE S_______ __ _____ __________ Chief of Ordnance MAJOR GENERAL EDMOND H. LEAVY ___ _____ _ ____________ Chief MAJOR GENERAL ALDEN H . MAJ~R GENERAL THOS. MAJOR GENERAL W1-L B. WAITL ________ _____ __ ____ __ Chi ef of Chemical Corp s LARKIN -- ~- ------------ - --The Quartermaster Gen eral M. HoGL_ ,-- ___ ______ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ Corps of Engin eers MAJOR GE~-ERAL SPENCER J. of Transportc1tion B. AKIN ___ _____ _____________ _! _ _ _ _ Chief Sig nal Offic er P. WEYERHAEUSER ____ __ __ ~ __________ ___ ___ President, lf/ eyerhaeuser Timb er Co. Additional Military Visitors Major General William B. Kean ___ ______ __ ___ __ _______ Chief of Staff, First Army Major General Willis H. Hale ___ _____ _____ Commanding G eneral, Fourth Air Force Major General Mamon S. Eddy _____________ Chief, lVar D ept. In formation D ivision Rear Admiral G. H. Fort_ ____ __ ___________ Commandant, Thirt eenth Naval District Brig. General Calvert H. Arnold ____ _______________________ ________ Sig nal Corp s Brig. _peneral William H. Middleswart ____ _________________ _ Quartermaster Corp s t 1 Brig. General Ensley M .. Llewellyn_ ~ __ Adjtttant General, lVashington National Guard Brigadier General David A. D . Ogden ___ Commanding G eneral, Fort lV orden, lVash. Colonel Lee S. Gerow -.~- c- '----,- ------ ------;- --- -- -Deputy Chief of Staff, S eco nd Army Colonel Philip R. Faymonville ____ ___________ As.rt. Chief of Staff, G-4, Third Army Colonel Edward T. Williams ___ __ ___ __________ __Deputy Chief of Staff, Fourth Anny Colonel William A. Collier_ _____ __________ ___ ____ __ ___ Chief of Staff, Fifth Anny Colonel Alfred N. Shearer_ ___ _______ ___ ______________ ___ ______ ___ Sig nal Corp s Colonel Charles Loucks_ _________ ___________ ______ ____ ____ _____ Ch emical Corp-s �MAJOR GENERAL EVERETT S. HUGHES Chief of Ordnance Born- Ipswich, S. D., 1885 Grad. U.S.M.A. (Field ArtilJerv) 1908 MAJOR GENERAL EDMOND H. LEAVY Chief of Transportation Born-·-Longview, Texas, 1894 Texas A . & M. College, Grad . U.S.M.A. ( Engrs.) 1917. MAJOR GENERAL ALDEN H. W AITT Chief of Chemical Corps Born- Orlando, Florida, 1892 Grad. M.I.T. (Chem. Engr. ) B.S., MS 1915 1st Lt. U. S. Army 1917. �( B. LARKIN Quartermaster General Born- Lewisburg, Va., 1890 Grad. Gonzaga U., Spokane, Wn. 1910 U.S.M.A. (Engrs. ) 1915. MAJOR GENERAL THOMAS MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM HOGE Corps of Engineers Born- Bronville, Mo., 1894 Grad. U.S.M.A. (Engineers) 1916. ( MAJOR GENERAL SPENCER B. AKIN Chief Signal Officer of the Army Born GreenviIIe, Miss., 1899 Grad. V.M.I. 1910 2nd Lt. U.S. Army 1910. The biographical resumes of Generals Clark, Collins. Vandenberg, and Aurand are typical of the qualifications of our Army leaders. Th e military background and records of the 1-17ar Department Technical Service Chiefs and reprerentati1,es, here omitted for b.1:pvity, ar~ equally impressive. �NORTH_WEST MILITARY SPONSORING VICE - CHAIRMAN H. MARSHALL ARMY Al R FORCES ASSN . A PROVI D ENT EL EY P. D E N SON BRIG. G EN ER A L• RETIRED 816 JOSHUA GREEN BUIL DI N G SE A TTLE A L BE RT H . HOO K ER B . LEE · COLONEL CH 'E MI C,A L RES . LT. COLONEL OR D N A NC E RE S. SECON D AVENUE HOOKER BU I LDING RI L EY TER EN CE J . TU LLY COLO N EL S I GN A L C ORP S SEATTLE OFF I CE KUEHN LT. COLO N EL O. M . C. BUILDIN G A U ! URN GE N ERAL DEPO T AU B URN. WASH I NG T ON 4 , WA S HI NGTO N SOC t , WASHINGTON QUARTERMASTER ASSN . ARMY SIGNAL ASSN FED ER AL ELECTROCHEMICAL CO TACOMA SEATTLE 4 , WAS H INGTON 550 BUILDIN G t, W ASHIN G TON CHEMICAL C ,O RPS ASpN . A.RMY ORDNANCE ASSN . FAIR M AN RAMSTAD . T. ARMY TRANSP ORTATION ASSN . G.D. RES. TACO M A 2, WASHINGTON 905 HOOKER M. MATZGER COLO N EL 623 COMMITTEE ALBERT CHAIRMAN N F IL ASSOCIATIONS AMERICAN MILI T ARY ENGRS . FRED H. RHODES. J R. MA JOR C A. C. RES ZSZS ~ 3RD AVEN UE WEST SEATTLE 99 . WASH I N GTON GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT IS MADE TO TH E' _TACOMA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND ITS STAFF FOR THEIR COOPERATION AND INVALUABLE ASSISTANCE . PRINTED BY PIONEER . INC O RPORATED TA C OMA . WASHINGTON �PROGRAM: FOR D1DUSTRY• T DY, FRIDAY. 12 SEPTEMBER 1947 FORT LEWIS ~ WASHINGTON 0900 - 1015 Registration of overnight guests and assignment to quarters . Display of combat equipment. 1015 - 1120 - Air Force demonstration. Second Division Revi ew. ' Reviewing Officer, General Cl ar' k, coompanied by other visiting general officers, all components , civilians , Gover nors , as agreed upon by General Kendal l and Colonel Hooker . 1120 - 1130 Proceed to Officers ' Mess 1130 - 1200 Reception of guests , Officers ' Mess. 1200 .. 1315 Buffet l uncheon o General Kendall . 1315 - 1330 Proceed to theatre for off- the- record talks. 1330 - 1615 Introduction by General Kendall , Chairman, off- the- record session. Tal k by General Clark, "The Situation in .Austrie.• t Talk by General Co llins ., 'Problems of National Security in the tomic Age . ' Tal k by General Vandenberg, Role of Air Power in National Security . l Intermission. Tal k by General urand, " The Role of Research and Development in :Mational Security. " ( 1615 ~ 1720 ielcome by Colonel Hooker, who will introduce Free tim • 1720 • 1830 Reception at Officers ' Mess honoring visitors. 1830 Dinner, Officers ' Mess. Toast aster, Uo S o Senator Harry Cain, who vdll introduce General Clark and each of the following , who will talk not to exceed ten minutes each : Major General Everetts . Hughes Chief of Ordnance Major General Edmond H. Leavey Chief of Transportation Major General Alden H. aitt , Chief, Chemical Corps Major General Thomas B. Larkin Chief, uartennaster Corps Brigadier General Co H. rnold Representing Chief, Signal Corps - 1 - �Major General William H. Hoge Commanding General ,. Fort Bel voir , Vao (Representing Chief of Engineers) In addition to the above, Senator Cain will introduce the following at the special on-the-record meeting, but they will merely aclmowledge the introduction• Lt. General Hoyt • Vandenberg Deputy Commanders rmy Air Forces Ma,j or General Wil liam B. Kean Chief of Staffs Head9uarters First nny Colonel Lee So Gerow Deputy Chief of Staff, Headquarters Second _ rmy Colone Philip R. Faymonville Assto Chief of Staff, G-4, Third Army Colonel Edward To , illiams Deputy Chief of' ta.ff, Headquarters Fourth Anny Colonel V illiam ., Collier Chief of Staff, Headquarters Fifth . rmy Ma jor General ~Ianton • Eddy Ch1ef, Information Division 1 ar Department pecial Sta.ff 11Ia jor General Floyd Parks Chief, Public Inform tion Division · ar Department Special Staff Weyerhauser, J. P., Mr. RR}v~..RKS : .. t the off-the-record talks, each speaker is available to accept questions immediately following his talk, for a period not to exceed ten minutes. This may cause some reduction of the free time that is now listed from 1615 - 1720. �spoke on the situation in Aus t ria. Others on this program were: Lt. Gen. s. Army, "National Security in the Atomic Age 11 ; Lt. Gen. Hoyt S111 Vandenberg, Deputy Commander Army Air Forces, "Rele of Air Power in National Security''; Maj. Gen. Henry H. Aurand, Director, Research and Development, "Role of Research and Development in National Security''. The civilian audi ence, numbering about 500 , was extremely interested in the talks and so signified their interest during the period fellowing the talks by asking numereu~ questions of the speakers. So numerous were these qu.e·s tions that a halt finally had. to be called to the question period. The General then returned t0 the Inn for a brief rest and he then proceeded to the Officers Mess to take part in the formal reception of the visitors. Included in the receiving line were: Sena.tor Ca.in, General Clark, Maj. Gen. Aurand, and Maj. Gen. Kendall. The formal reception was follewed by dinner at the Officers Mess Sen tor Cain was toastmaster for afterdinner talks, which included speeches by General Clark ; Maj . Gen . Everett S. Hughes , Chief of Ordnance; Maj. Gen . Edmond H. Leavey, Chief of Transportation; Maj . Gen . Alden H. Waitt, Chief of Chemical Corps; Maj. Gen. Thomae B. Larkin, Chief of ~uartermaster Corps; Brig. General C.H. Arnold, representing Chief of Signal Corps• Maj. Gen. William H. Hoge, CG, Fort Belvoir, Va. , representing Chief of Engineers . Introductions of the fellowing were then given: Lt.Gen . Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Maj. Gen . William B. Kean, Chief of Staff, Hq 1st Army; Maj. Gen. Willis _H. Hale, CO, 4th Air Force; Col. Lee s. Gerow DOS, Hq 2nd Army; Col. Philip R. Faymonville, ACS, G4• 3rd Army; Col. Edw. T . Williams, DCS, Hq 4th Army; Col . Edw . T. Williams, DCS, Hq 4th Army; Col. Wm . A. Collier, CS, Hq 5th Army; Maj . Gen. Manton S. Eddy, Chief Information, Special Staff, War Dept . ; Maj . Gen. Floyd Parks, Chief Public Info Div, War Dept, Special Staff; Mr. J . P. Weyerhauser, Weyerhauser Lumber Company. · J. Lawton Collins, Deputy Chief of Staff, U At the concluAion of the talks, General Clark returned to the Inn for the night. FORT LEWIS~ SAN FRANCISCO - 13 SEPTDtBER 1947 - General Clark, together with Mrs. Clark, Colonel Martin, Colonel Grogan (who had arrived by plane with General Hale), and Captain Waters, breakfasted at the Inn at 0730 hours. At 0800 hours Mrs. Clark departed for Ta.coma and General Clark and party left for McChord Field. The party was airborne, in General Hale's plane, a B-17, at 0830 hours. They landed at Hamilton Field at 1130 ho~~s where they were met by Colonel McMahon and Major Luther. The General returned to the Presidio and remained at his quarters throughout the afternoon end evening. He had cancel led a cocktail party engagement with Admiral Beary. SAN FRANCISCO - 14 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters throughout the day. In the evening he walked to Omar Khayyam's where he had dinner, end then returned to his quarters. SAN FRANCISCO - 15 SEPTEMBER 194? - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately worked on his Constitution Day speech to be delivered at Indianapolis on September 17. He talked with Colonel Grogan concerning thif:! and then dictated some chan€:es. Later he finishe d up his correspondence and then t alked with Colonel McMahon and Colonel Haines. Just before leaving his office for lunch, he called in Colonel MAr in concerning G-1 problems. After lunch the General returned to his o-ffice and �agai n went over h i s speech making final corrections. He called in Colonel Grogan to look over the final form and then after conferring with Colonels Grogan and McMahon returned to his quarters where he prepared for his trip to Indianapolis . At 1900 hours General Clark left his quarters, accompanied by Colonel McMahon and went to Hamilton Field where he hoarded a C-47, piloted by Captain George, enroute to Indianapolis • ENROUTE TO INDIANAPOLIS INDIANA - 16 SEPTEMBER 1947 - With one stopover for gasoline at Cheyenne , Wyoming, General Clark 8 s plane landed at Municipal Airport, Indianapolis, at 1000 hours. He was met by Mayor Denny, Samuel R. Harrell , chairmen of the Constitution Day Co~mitteet and Colonel Beaucond 2nd Army representative . The Mayor and Mr ., Ha.rrell accompanied Generai Clark to the Columbia Club where the General was taken to a room in order to freshen upe After getting all the detail~ of the program from Mr . Harrell, General Clark called Irving Lemaux who came over to talk with the General General Clark had lunch with a group of civic leaders and old friends in the Harrison Room of the Columbia Club , immediately following which he held a short press conference and then went to the Harrell residence in North I ndianapolis . He and Mrs . t~ark will stay there throughout their stay in Indianapolis . Mrs . Clark had arrived by train last night . General Clark rested in the afternoon and at 1800 hours went to the Indianapolis Athletic Club where he was guest speaker at a dinner given by the Indianapolis Committee on Foreign Affairs He returned with Mr . ~arrell to hi s residence and retir d for the night • • INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA - 17 SEPTE',.tBER 1947 - General Clark rested throughout the morning and later !_JUt the final touch~s on his speech to be delivered i n the Murat Theater tonight. After lunch, the Ge?H"al took a short swim and et 1630 hours went to the Sch idenhelm residence where Mrs . · Scheidenhelm was giving a tea for Mrs . Clark o The General remained for only a short tirne and then returned to the Herrell residence where he held a short pre~s conference wi t h the representative of the Indianapolis Star. At 1745 the General and Mrs . Clark , accompanied by Mr . and Mrs e Harrell, Major Luther and Evans Harrell , went to th~ residence of Mr. and Mrs Howard Lacy II on the outskirts of Indianapolis , where they were guests at a buff~t dinner given by the Lacys Governor and Mrs. Ralph Gates, Mayor and Mrs. Denny were among the guests Following the dinner General Clark was escorted by the State Police in Governor Gates' car to the Murat Theater where a huge audience had gathered in his honore With the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra as e background to the program, General Clark was guest speaker. He spoke on his dealings in Austria for the past two years. Immediately following the closing of the Constitution Day ceremonies, General and Mrs. Clark returned with Governor and Mrs. Gates to the Harrell residence where e le.rge group of friends ha.d gathered in their honor * MUMCII, INDIANA - 18 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General CJark left Indianapolis at 0945 hours and drove to Muncie where he we.s to speak tonight He first went to the residence of Marvin Smith where some of his old friends had gathered and. later, with Mr . Ed Ball and Mr . Smith went to the Muncie Club for lunch. After lunch the General went to the Marsh residence where he was to stay for the night . In the afternoon he rested and then worked on his speech. He left for the Smith residence again at 1700 hours for cocktails . Mr. ~nd Mrs . Ed Ball, Mr . and Mrs. Willie.m Ball , and other old friends were present. The General arrived at the Masonic Temple at 1830 hours for the Civic Day program conducted. by the Munc i e • �:Business and Professional Women's Club and he spoke on his foreign relations. Immediately following the program and dinner, General and Mrs. Clark returned to the Marsh residence where a larg& group of friends had gathered in his honor. ( MUNCIE - CHICAGO - 19 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General and Mrs. Clark drove out to the cemetery to see the grave of Mrs. Clark's mother and on returning the General learned there was bad weather over the mountains today and that he would be unable to fly to San Francisco Consequently, he called General Carl Gray of the Northwestern ·and Chicago Railway and made arrangements to accompany Mrs. Clark by train on her return trip to San Francisco. After lunch with Marvin Smith, General Clam: a.rove to the airport where he took off at 1400 hours enroute to Chicago. Mr. William Ball flew Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Mildred Hawks, Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Smith and Mrs. Ball to Chicago in his private plane, to meet the General at 1700 hours at the Blackstone Hotel. General Clark arrived Chicago Municipal Airport at 1600 hours where he was met by Colonel William Col lier, Chief of Staff of the Fifth Army, and with the Colonel drove to Fifth Army Headquarters. At 1700 hours General Cla:tk: went to the Blackstone Hotel where he sew Colonel Jim Tully, Vice President of the Pullman Company, and a classmate of General Clark's at West Point. At 1730 hours the General met the remainder of his party which had flown in from Muncie and after cocktails at the Blackstone went to the Cameo t1here they ha.d dinner. Immediately following dinner, General Clark and his party went to the Northwestern Station where General and Mrs. Cle.rk and Major Lu th~ r boarded the City of San Francisco and departed Chicago at 1930 hours. • ( • * * EMROUTE TO SAN FRANCISCO - 20 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark suent the day enroute from Chicago to San Francisco aboard the train The City of San Francisco. • • * • SAN FRANCISCO - 21 SEPTEMBER 1947 General Clark arrived at the Oakland Pier at 0915 hours where he was met by Ann and Mrs. Sullivan. He drove to his quarters at the Presidio where he remained throughout the day. Later in the morning he took a long alk with Colonel Sullivan. SAN FRANCISCO - 22 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 9900 hours. He immediately dictated several letters and then worked on his speech which he will give tomorrow in Los Angeles to the American Legion Convention. After talking with Colonel Grogan regarding some changes in his speech, General Clark dictated the final draft. He then talked with Colonel McMahon concerning his future appointments and later saw Colonel Martin, Colonel Grogan and Colonel Haines concerning bringing back the war dead.. At 1230 hours he walked home with Colonel McMahon for lunch and returned to his off.ice at 1330 hours. There he went over the final draft of his speech and. discussed it with Colonel Grogan. After dictating some more letters, General Clark received General Franklin, president of the U.S. Lines, at 1500 hours, and at 1600 hours the General left his office and retmned to his quarters where he had dinner. * �( LOS ANGELES - 23 SEPT»IBER 1947 - General Clark left his quarters at 9700 hours, accompanied by Colonel Grogan, and drove· to Hamilton Field where he took off at 0735 in his C-47 and flew to Los Angeles, lending there around 1005 hours . He was met by Colonel Hocker, Commanding 0fti cerof Fort MacArthur, and then drove to the State Convention of the American Legion where he was the principal speaker. He addressed the Legion on the subject of foreign a f faire and his dealings with the Soviets. Immediately after his speech, General Clark returned to the a1.rport and flew back to Hamilton Field , arriving at th~ Presidio 1445 hours. He went immediately to his office where he took care of the correspondence and official business that had come in during the day. The General then went to his quarters where he spent the remainder of the day . SAN FRANCISCO - 24 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at hours and. immediately saw Colonel Grogen concerning his two speeches he will deliver today. He then dictated the first d.raft of the speeches . Le.ter th General saw Colon~l McMahon and then talked with General Davidson concerning his appointment as acting Chief of Sta.f f Later General Clark studied his speeches and then w nt to his quarters for lunch He arri ved at the Century Club - the oldest women ' s club in San Francisco - at 1430 hours . accompanied by Mrs . Clark and CRptain Waters, and later spoke to the members on the subject of foreign a.ffairs . Following the me t,ting General and Mrs . Clark were guests at the Club at a tea . The General returned to his quarters at 1645 hours p..nd after resting a bit left again at 1840 hours to go to the Palace Hotel where he was thtpri ncipal apeaker at the final meeting of the League of Cities of California convention. Mayor Roger Lapham introduced the General and he again spoke on his dealings withthe Soviets in Austria . The General returned to his quarters et 2230 hmrs . 0830 ( SAN FRANCISCO - 25 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark a.r rived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately saw Colonel Martin concerning General Devere ' arrival the evening before . At 0945 hours General Devers, Commanding Genral of Army Ground Forces, arrived at General Clark ' g headquarters and con- ferred with the General for the next hour .. Immediately following Gtmeral Devers, General Cla:rk: saw General Ruffner of the War Department in Washington, and later he se_w Generals Street and Douglas . The visiting Generals arrived for the luncheon given by General Clark for the leading newspap rand radio people in the West in order to aid in the Army recruitment drive. General Clark was host A.t the luncheon at 1200 hours and after cocktails for onehalf hour escorted his 80 guests to the dining room in the Officers Club for lunch . Here General Clark made the introductory address a.nd was followed . by Generals Devere, Ruffner, Street and Douglas . The meeting closed at 1500 hours and General Clark returned to his headquarters where he took care of rome correspondence. He then went to his ~uarters where he remained for the r~et of the day . ( SAN FRANC I SCO - 26 SJi.lPTE!IBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and aft~r dictating some letters saw Colonel McMahon on some future appointments . He later called in Colonel D10rsa to congratulate him on the wonderful job the Colonel did in preparation for the luncheon yeAterday At 0915 hours General Clark met with the Distribution Center Detachment Commanding Officfl!rs, at which t ime he discussed the arrangements for th e handling of the war a.ead who will arrive here next month. After completion of this �?::D ( conference, General CJark SRW U.S. Navy Captain Talbot who briefed him on the official calls from the Navy Admirals who are to call at 1045 h ours. This morning 56 ships with 20,000 sailors a rrived in San Francisco har~or . At 1045 hours Admirals D nfeld, Murray, Oldendorf, Beary and Holloway called on th General. Immediately following their departure, General Clark left his headquarters accompanied by Colonel D' Orsa, and went to Fort Scott dock where h boarded~ crash boat and went fishing for the remainder of the day. H returned to his q_uarters at 1800 hours. The General caught his quota of two large salmon . S.AN FRANCISCO - 27 SEPTEM'B:!i1R 1947 - General C lnrlc arrived at his office at 0900 hours end immediately conferr d with Gener 1 Davidson, acting Chief of Staff , and then with Colonel Slocum on his report of his trip to Fort Ord. At 1000 hours Gener 1 Clark received General W 1 , Chines General who has been in the States for sometime and who is returninp oon to his native land. At 1015 hours the Geneni saw Mr. Doughty , reporter wtth the San Francisco Chronicle who interview d him concetting a question he had to sk the General. Immediately following the interview, General Clark saw Colonel McMahon and again talked with General D vidson , after which he left to go to hh quart~rs . Accompanied by Mrs. Clark, Ann and M j or Lu ther, he left his quarters at 1140 hour~ and drove to the home of Colon~l S. O. J ohnson in Berkel y wher they attended a pre-game luncheon . Following the luncheon General Clark and party attended the Navy-U of C fo otb~.11 game as guest of Admiral Beary Commandant of 12th Navy Di strict . I:mmedi tely following the game General ClRrk returned to the Presidio and in the ev•ning had General and Mrs . Robert Wood. president.ofSears-RoAbu.Ck Company, from Chicago, ns guests at his quarters. ( SAN FRANCISCO - 28 SEPTEMBER 1947 - General Clark went fishing in the crashbot->t at 0600 hours. ccompanied by Mrs . Clark and Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan . He caught his quota of fish end returned to the Presidio a.t 1500 hours .. After reeting, he had dinner and. l~ft with Colonel G·r ogan at 1830 hours to go to Hami.ton Field where he took off in his C-4? at 1930 hours nroute to Memphis . • MEMPHIS , TENNESS-mE - 29 SEPTEMB'EIR. 1947 - Gener&.l Clark .i.nd Colonel Grogan arrived M mphis at 0830 hours ~nd were met by D .niel H. Boone, International Harvester Comp ny executive , who hed b en a Lien tenant in Gener~l Clark~s company, 11th Inf~ntry 5th Division, World W"-r I, Frpnce Mr . Boone took the General to his country home wher~ the General would spend the night . In the evening Mr . Boone had a dinner for the General at home attended , among others, by the Pr .sident ~f the RotRry Club, WQlk Jon!s, a local architect , former Mayor and Congreseman Chandl r , present Mayor Ple s~nts , Fr~n~ Ahlgren , editor of two Scripps-Howtii.rd papers , Enoch Brown , genera_l manager of the ScrippsHowe.rd papers, Gener9l Ben Lear, retired . MEMPHIS , TENNES~EE - 30 SEPTD-fBER 1947 - General Cl&rk inspected the Army R cn1iting StQtion , 2nd pinn d campaign badg son GenerQl L ~rand ev ral enlisted ment som who had been with the 5th Army overses.s . At noon . the General was princip l speak r at the Rotary Club luncheon held at th~ Hotel Peabody. He w.s introduced by Mr . Bon~ At 1425 hours the Gen~ral and Colonel Grogan left Memphis by air for New York and arrived there at 2010 hours where they w re met by Robert Christenberry with two cars furnish d by Gener 1 Hodges of First Army. The group w nt to th Hotel Astor wh~re G~neral Clark had dinner 0 �3\ ( s guest of Mr . nd Mrs . C hri$tenb~rry nc1. then went to the Copacaba.na Night Club where Joe Lewis vi~ited the- h .ble to say thet his wife in Hollywood had met General Chtrk ai.t David Zanuck's party L;it r Joe Lewis mentioned Gen r'll C la.rk ' s pr~sence ai.nd there was about & two-minute applause The G ne re.l rose to acknowledge same * * NEW YORK - 1 OCTOBER 1947 - Gener~l Clark sat for his portrait by Joseph Cummings Chase from 0900 to 1600 hours . At 1700 hours Mr $ Collins agent for Curtis Brown Company , :publishers , called on the General ~-t the Hotel Astor . Later in the fternoon the General had cockta l s for a group of people , including MP r k Woods , president of the American Broadcasting Corporation , Rob~rt Kintner , vice presid nt of ABC, Mr . Bogart of the H rsld Tribun , who had been in Italy and Austria in the Secret'1ri t with Genera.l Clark , r tired Brigad.ier Geners.l Ralph m•ate, now wi.th United Distillers , Abe Schechter, vie president of Mutual Broad.casting Company. At 1930 hours General Clark h2d dinner i th Roy Howard , meeting him in his office at 230 Park Avenu, at the 21 Club * * NEW YORK - 2 OCTOBER 1947 - Gener~l Clark sat for his portrait from 0900 to 1200 hours and at 1230 hours w nt to the MadiAon Room of the Hotel B iltmore where he had lunch with George Bye , literary publisher , Burroughs Mitchell of Scribner ' s , and Mr . Dystel of Coronet . At 15:;o hours Gener l C ark c~ll~d on :Blanche .._na Alfr d Knopf , book publishers • • t 501 MQdison Avenue . At 1630 hours the G~neral called on C'lrdinal Sp llmrui 1-.t 460 Madison Avenue and. at 1700 returned to the Hotel Astor where he conferred with Dr. Frank Monaghan . At 1730 thJ General had a group in for cocktails, including Mi~e Dorothy Jones . secretary to Mr . Getts who was out of town , Mr McElligott who had been in Au~tria and I taly with the G.e neral, Colonel Bud Port~r , Fr,mk Monagh"':-n, M«rk Wood t Robert Kintner Wilbur Forrest of the Herald.-Tribune 1 Walt r Robertson , vice president of Ga.r Wood Industries , Jim Farley, Mr Schechter , Josef Israels, who had be en in Austria , ~nd others . During the course of the d~-Y th General a l so C'-.lled at the New York Times for a viRit with Brigadier General Julius Ochs Adler, whom the General h.d met the day :previous 1:n front of the Tlmes building. The Gener,. 1 ,ho sto!)ped for a f w minut sat Sutton Pl&.ce to s~e Mon Raymond and her baby, she having been a Red Cross worker in the Army Headquarters in Italy ~nd h9.d married Colonel E;;ymond l so of the Headquart rs in It .ly . He if! now in the brokerage budness at 15 Broff.d Street Th~t evening th General was invi t d to din by Mr S:oover and by Mr. Schechter of Mutu~J Broadcasting , the Gener 1 accepted Mr . Hoover's invitation at Ap~rtment 31A, W ldorf Towers, 50th ~.na. Perk . L.-.ter in the evening the Gener~l joined D vid Astor ~nd his wife , of London, son and daught r - in-law of La.dy Astor . Th y were guests of Mr . and Mrs . Christenberry at th~ A tor . Colonel Grogan had called Henry Luce for General Clark , but ~1r . Luce wa~ ti d up thit.t day rmd aeked th~t the nrxt time the General would be in town to give him a.dvanc notice as he w~.s anxious to t.llk with him · The G··neral had lso received invitations to a.ttend the World Series from the Mutupl Brol)dcasting Company ;md Mr . RobertAon of Gar Wood , as well as from L~rry McPhail of th~ Yankees • • NEW YORK-WASHINGTON - 3 0CT0:BER 1947 - Gen ral Cl~rk Q.nd Colon 1 Grog.m 1 ft ( t h e Hotel Astor at 0900 and wer airborn~ enrout to Washington t 1020 hours. Arriving · n Washington , the General w nt directly to his mothern s a.p~rtment and Colonel Grogs.n went to tho Department of the Army, Pentagon Building, to mak arr .ng ments for the G neral's ppointments for Saturday morning . In the afternoon , General CJ.ark's mother gave a cockta_il party , ttended, ami:,ng others , by Colonel Edgar E. Hume. General and Mrs . Aaron Br~dsh.w, G neral .nd Mrs. �Gruenther, Gener 1 and Mrs. S~ltzman, Colonel and Mrs . Ed.win Howard, Mrs. C. A. Cafritz. ( WASHINGTON - 4 OCTOBER 194? Ge~eral Clark , using Gener~l Gruenther's offic as his headqu~.rt~,rs , arrived. eQrly to 1-ceep ppointments . General Paul was out of town , but G~neral D""'hlquist Ctime in to meet the Gf!nt-r~.l to discuss personn 1 affa,irs . General Collins s.lso c~e in to b~ a.v.iilable for an interview. Secretary Royall discussed the GenerQ1 1 s proposed articl for publication, which had been cle red by the Sta t• Dep&.rtment and the Dep.-.rtment of the Army ,; but which Mr ., Royall desired to rad . Generail Clark was also visited by M jor General Walter Robertson who is to be the new De;>U ty Commanding Gen~r2 l at Sixth Army. At 1410 h~urE Gen~ral Clark ~nd Colonel Grogan left Wa,shington by air for San Fr,mcisco. The northern route ina icated v ry b •.d flying we~ther so the plane took the $OUthern route . They landed in Memphis for fuel nd supper continu don to El Paso, Texas where they arrived at 2300 hours They then continued on their w~y to San Fr ncisco o s~ FRANCISCO - 5 OCTOB ~R 1947 - General Clark arrived at Hamilton Field at 0530 hours ana. immediatPly drove to his quarters at the Presidio . After breakfast he rested and spent the remainder of the a.ay at his home . Today being Mrs . Clark's birthday , in the evening soveral people gath .. red for dinner and a movi ct their home . ( SAN FP..AlWISCO - 6 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at hh office at 0915 hours and immedia.t ly sa.w General Davidson concerning a conference to be heJ:d with G- 3 represente.tives . Later he conferred w.ith Colonels McMahon and Grogan and then dicta.t d official correspondenc • At 1045 hours , Colonel Slocum , a.c - . compe.nied by several members of the G- 3 Sect ion , conferred. \tri th General Clark and immediately following the conference G~neral Clark left for his quarters where he pr p~r~d to att nd a luncheon giv n by Mayor Lapham at the Pecific Union Club . The luncheon was in honor of Dr . H. E • .'.Tivatt . Minister of Ext rnal Affairs from Austra.lin . I mmediately following the luncheon , General Clark returned to hiR quarters where he s·o ent the r mainder of the da.y . SAU FRANCISCO - 7 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and after going over some official documents saw Colone l Grogan for a lengthy conferenc concerning his speeches the latter part of the week . At 1130 hours Colonel McCreery , recruiting officer of the Sixth Army , held a conference with th General concerning the recruiting 9rogram for Sixth Army . After this conference General Clark saw Colonel Mc lahon concerning his appointments and at 1230 hours he walked home with (,-f.>neral Davidson and Colonel McMahon for lunch . In the afternoon GPnera.1 and Mrs . Clark went shopping in San :h"'ranc isco . ft~ FR.AN CI SCO - 8 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark spent the day f.ishing o �( ( SAN FBANCISCO - 9 OCTOBER 1947 - G~neral Clark arrived at his offic at 0900 hours and immediately conferred with Colonel Grogan concerning the final chang s on his ~Pe ch to b given before the American Federation of Labor at 1100 hours . At 1045 hours , accomp ni d by Mrs . Clark , the G n ,ral arriv .d at t,he Hotel St . Francis . wher h was met by Messrs . Jay Leveston • Dan Tobin and Wahl , all vice pr sid nts of the Ame rican F deration of Labor. This committee scorted G,neral Clark to th Civic Auditorium wher~ th G~ner 1 spok , to th gathering of th American Federation of Labor officers . Immediately aft r his sp ech, th Gen r~l returned to his ouarters wher he had lunch . General Clark , accompani d by Captain Wat rs , attended the Pacific Coast Regional Convention and Exposition of the National Restaurant Association a.t the Palac Hotel . He wa~ met at 15:,0 hours by George Mardikian and escort d to th Rose Room Bowl where the conv ntion was being held o Chairman of the program committee was Mr . M. L. Stewart and presiding that afternoon was Mr . Harry H. Hart of Sacram~nto . Pree ding G neral Clark as ~peak r was Mr . William M. Jeffers , vie chairman of the Union Pacific Railroad , who was the war-time rubb r administrator. Th~ audienc- was mad up of restaurant operators, particularly from the lev n Western states . In his spe ch . Genera.l Clark took his audience on th, circuitous route followed by him from England to Africa a.nd thence to Italy and finally into Austria , where he devoted most of his talk to the Au ~trian situation . SAN F F CI SCO - 10 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark , accompanied by frR . Clark and Ann , attended the ceremony in MarinA Park in honor of the fi r st shipment of World War II de d returned to this country . The General was introduced by Ml6yor Lapham and delivere4 a short talk comm morating the r,turning dead . He was follow d on the program by Governor rarren , who t-:·ave a similar speech. Alro attending th , cer mony \-; ere the Honorabl John L. Sullivan , Secretary of the Navy , and ?•ajor General Veughan, Aide to resident Truman . Following th Marina Park ceremony, General Clark att nded a luncheon as guest of Admiral Oldendorf . SAN I!':?.Al~CISCO - 11 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark attend d wreath-laying cer rnoni s in the Rotunda of the City Hall which were a. continuati on of the c r monies comm morating the return of the war dea.d . At n945 hours , prior to th cer - moni s , Gen~ral Clark met with oth~r dignitaries pres nt in the Office of Mayor Lapham . From ther they proceeded to the Rotunda where the ceremonies took place . The~e ceremonies were intended to b , of a more local natur , to ~l ich invitation hed been ~ent out to th Mayors of 167 cities of Northern California to att nd". Six caskets containing th . bodies of one m mber of each s rvice and one civilian were to lay in state from 1000 to 1600 hours . Six sentries , one from each service and one civilian polic man, w~re posted as guards during thiQ period . Th ca~kets w r, rolled in under guard and wh n assembl d wreaths were plac don them by repres ntatives from each of the servicjs and a civilian representativ . General Clark repres nted the Army . At 1200 nours , General Clark return d to the City Hall f r the final ceremony in honor of the dead . This cer m0ny wae partly civili an in natur and was attended by the General only as an honored guest . In the ev ning . General and Mrs. Clark entertained General Vaughan a.t dinner o S { FRANCISCO - 12 OCTOBER 1947 - G-n ra.l Clark spent th . morning bas~ fishing in the Bay. A.t 1700 hours , accompani d by Mrs o Clark, Ann and Captain 1aters , he attended a cocktail ~~rty and dinner in honor of Lily Pons and himself , given by Dr . Chung. Following dinn r a.t Dr . Chung's , General Clark , accompanied �Mrs . Clark Rnd Captain Waters , attended the Columbue Day banou , t a.t th St . Francis Hotel . He was met by Mr . Moscone , banquet chairman at 1915 d was escorted to a cocktail party which prec <.ied the banqµet . Th banqu t was held in the Colonial Room , with Mr . Raynold Bi~nchi as master of ceremonies . General Clark delivered a 35-minute addr ss, giving his Audi nee a picture of his activi ti .s from England to Africa , thence to Italy and finally in to Austr i a . The Program ended about 2300 hours • by • S ~ FRA1TC I SCO - 13 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately conferred with Colonel McMahon concerning arrangements for his sp ech this eveni ng b for the Masonic Grand Lodge . LAter he saw Colonel Grogan at which time he discussed th final chang sin his spe•ch to be given this evenin g a.nd at 1030 hours saw Mr . Hambruck and Mr . Hicks of the Pacific T lep hon e and Telegraph Company , who discussed with the Genera.I the arrangements for the dedication of th company ' s pla.cqu to its employees who were in the service during the recent war This will be h ld Friday aft ,rnoon on October 17 . I mmediately following this conference , General Clark worked on some dictation ?nd later again saw Colonel Grogan , at which time they discussed the final draft of the speech for this even.fung . At the same time , Colonel Grogan went over the General I s sp ,ech to be given tomorrow at Yo semi t • Gen ., ral Clark walked home for lunch , accompanied by Colonel McMah_o n • and after lunch remained at his q:uarters . In the ev ,ning , a t 1830 hours , the G ,nera.l , accompani d by Colonel Gorby, Sixth Army Surgeon , attended a me ting of th~ Mason i c Grand Lodge , held at the Pa.lace Hotel . General Clark was the principal spe k r for this ,v ning ' s me ting and imm diat ly following adjournment the GenerRl r turned to his q_uarters . ( YOSEM I TE NATIO:NAL PARK - 14 OCTOBER 1947 - Gener'll Clark , accomp anied by Mrs . Clark and Captain Waters , left the Presidio at 0900 hours to d_rive to Yos mite lational Park to attend the convention of the Pacific Council of the American Associatton of Advertising Agenci e s . He arriv d at Yosemit at 1500 hours and immediately left on a short fishin g trip , which was not successful . The General wao the honored guest at a banquet thF.t vening ruia. he deliver a a 35minut talk on h is war experiences d aling primarily with the po 8t-war p riod 1 in Austri a . YOSEMITE NATIONAL PABK - SAN FRANCISCO - 15 OCTOBER 1947 - The General returned from Yosemit • arriving at the Presidi o a.t 1400 hours . At 1700 hours he entertained Miss Lily Pons , accompanied by Dr . Chung . with a cocktail arty at his a.uarters . After the cocktail party General Rnd Mrs . Clark were guests of Colon 1 and Mrs . Sullivan at the San Francisco 'omenis Athletic Club for dinner. SAN FRANCISCO - 16 OCTOBER 1947 - Gf'neral Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . After going over his mail he talked with General Davidson and at 1015 hours saw Colonel Dunlap Clark , retired , of Berkeley, who called on th~ General in ordP.r to r quest t h a t h is ~on b tra.nsferred to the Presidio . At 10~0 hours the Dutch Consul Grmtl'ral , Mr . V?..n Woerden , called on the Gen .ra.l to p ay his re~pects , and at ]100 hours Colonel Neblitt , head of the California D uartment of the Res~rve Officers Association , called on the General . Gen ral Clark walked to his qu arters for lunch · and at 1430 hours returned to the office where he worked on hi~ speech s for tomorrow . At 1700 hours he went to the Pa.lac Hotel , accomnanied by Colonel Sulliven, and attP.nded a reception given by Mr . �35 Ezra Clark of Battle Cr ( k , Michigan . FRANCISCO - 17 OCTOBml 1947 - General Clark, at 1215 hours , accompanied by Captain Waters , att nded a luncheon in the Italian Room of the St . Francis Hotel , giv~n by the Board of Directors of the California State Chamb r of Comm re • Mr . Harry A. Mitch ,11 , Vice Pr ,sid nt of the Western Pacific Railroad Company, is the :pr sidi-mt of th Chamb r of CommP-rce . and M:r . Ja.m ,s Mussatti is the G neral Manager . Among the ~uests resent w r Dr . Sproul of the University of California , r . J R. Knowland , publisher of the Oa.kland Tribune (father of Senator Knowland) , and Mr . Asa V. Ce.11 , tr asurer of the Chamb~r of Comm~rce , who is the presid..nt of the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company of Los Angeles . In an off- th -r,cord talk , the General dealt primarily ~ith the trou1)1 he had had with the Sovi te whil acting as High Commisoion ,r in Austria . Following this meeting , the Gen .ral attended a commemorativ service h ld by the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company in honor of th, m,n and wom,n of the company who had giv~n their lives in the service of their country in World \· ar II. The Gemeral arrived at the Telennone Building at 1500 hours and was e~corted to the offices of the president . During th ceremonies he d ,liver d a 3 - minute talk ulogizing th, efforts of the Signal peop l e during th pa.st war . S S FRANCISCO - 18 OCTOE 1947 - At 1100 hours General Clark , accompani d by Mrth Clark and Captain Wat , rs , a t tended the c ,rem onie~ d.edicHting Stilwell ( Hall . General Clark delivf!!red the welcominf, address , in which he eulogized the late General Stilwell . He also in troduc .. d Gov~rnor Earl Warren • who spoke on what G neral Stilwell meant to California . Following this the Genr•ral introduced Mrs . Joseph W. Stilwell . At the conclusion of th~ outdoor ceremonies , th• General attended the luncheon in the dining room of Stilwell Hall . I mm ,a i?..tely following the luncheon , the General departed. for the NorthweRt , ac companied by Mrs . Clark , Ann , Colonel and •1rs . Sullivan , and Major Luther . Thy drovP- as far as Benbow , California , where the group stay~d that night at the Hotel Benbow . ENROUTE TO NORTHWEST - 19 OCTOBER 1?47 - G neral Clark continued on his trip , stopping at Crescent City for lunch , a.nd then driving on to Roseburg , California , wh re th party sp ,nt th night at th Ro eoe Hotel. ENROUTE TO NORTHWEST - 20 OCTOBER 1947 - Gen ral Clark and party departed from Roseburg at 0730 hours and topped at Vancouver for lunch , continuing on to Fort Lewi~ where he arriv d at 1610 hours . After conferring with General Kendall for a. half hour , General and Mrs . Clark and Ann continued on to Seattle to the home of Mr . and ~rs Griffiths wh ,re they had dinner and spent the night . CAMANO ISLAND - 21 OCTOBER 1947 - Genf'ral and Mrs. Clark And Ann , accompa.nied by Mr . and Mr .• Griffith , l~ft Seattle at 0 730 hour~ anrl drove to Camano ( Island. Enroute they stopped at an old haunt of theirs - Be~si I s Bu~y BM for breakfastu They arriv d at Camano IRland at 1015 hours and the Ge~ral and i r . Griffiths immediat ly made preparations to go duck hunting . Th General returned to the house at 1630 hours after havin g an unsuccessful day . �He snent th rt-mainder of the day at the cabin and aft r dinner ulay d gin rummy . CAMANO ISLAND - 22 OCTOB.u.iR 1947 - General Clark s-p"'n t the day fi~hing and cau ght some small trout . CAM.Al10 ISLAND - 23 OCTOBER 1947 - Colon 1 and Mrs . Sullivan joined Gen~ral Clark ' s party at Came.no and in the afternoon G.ner.-1 Clr1rk went fishing with Mr . Griffiths . CAMANO ISI.JiliD - 24 OCTOB 'SR 1947 - G n~ral Clark, accom9ani6d b;v Mr Griffiths and Colonel Sullivan , joined the fishing p v rty h,.aa.ed by Mr . Harry Lawton on a small yacht . Th~y returned to Camano I sland at 1430 hours and spent the refit of the day on the I sland. CAMANO ISLAND - 25 OCTOBER 1947 - Gen e ral Clark awoke! with a slight cold thL morning and had to cancel his plans to drive to s~attl~ to attend the Washington- Stanford game . HI"' Fmt'!nt the day around th~ cpbin ta.king a long walk in the afternoon with Colonel Sullivan . FORT LAWTON - 26 OC'I10:BER 1947 Genera,l Clark spent the mornin~ at the lodge a.nd immediat~ly aft~r lunch drove to Seattle . While enroute his car we.s hit from th r~ar by another vehicl , puncturing the gas tank and denting the back of th@ car . No one wa8 injured . The Gen~ral drov to Fort Lawton where h e wa ... met by Colonel William Donaldson • command('l!r of the Seattle Port of Embarkation , and Colonel Harris , Commanding Officer of Fort LBwton . Aft•r dinner e.t the Guest Hou Re ~ Gen~ral Clark retired o ( FORT LAWTOU - 27 OCTOBER 1947 - Gen~ral Clark had breakfast with Mrs . Clark Fnd ninth~ Gu~st House and at 0830 hour~ started work on his sneech before t~e Chamb~r of Commerce in hon or of Navy Day . He will be introduced by Vice Admiral Oldendorf, commandant of the Western Sea Frontier At 1000 hours Gen ral ClHrk discovered thctt som unknown person had cornmi tted him to giv , two other speeches - one to b _ at the Press Club, to b _ ~iven at 1700 hours , and the other before the Vet e rans of Foreign far at 2030 hours Th is \,£1s very confusing to th , Gen rel bfl!cau<:;e he had rec , ived no notification prior to this of any speech othn than the Navy Day address . H~ immediately contact~d renresenta.tives of both org·nization~ and aft 111 r much conver~ation a plan wa worked out where G ner~l Clark wou l d ~eak bp,for both of thes organizations that ev~ning The Gerl"- ral continued to work on his s:µel'!ches fhe r mainder of the morning and ht, l~ft Fort Lawton at 1145 hours , d.riving to th Chamb r of Commerc Building wher~ he apoke befor thet group in honor of navy Day. Imm~diately following the luncheon , General Clark returned to Fort Lawton wherf'! he rested for a short time and thrm worked on his sp~ech~s for the ~v ning . He l~ft Fort Lawton at 1630 hours , accompanied by Colon l Donald,von , and drove to the Press Club wh~re he ente:r d into an o-oen forum with thet organization . This wa8 broadcasted . Imm"'aia.tely following the forum , General Clflrk went to the h0me of Mr . f'nd Mrs . Griffiths wher1' a f e-w friend had gathered. in his honor . At 1830 hours General Clark and his party went to Crawford 1 s v.1 here the;-;r had dinner. Immediately following dinner the �General was met by Colont"l Donald Mn ana. went to the l'fational Armory where he participated in a swearinr,-in c eremony of 100 members of the Vf"te'"rans of Foreign Wars . At the conclusion of the ceremonies , tae Gen ~ral proc~eded to Fort Lawton anc. rfltirt!d FORT LAVi(oN - 28 OCTOEl'.iR 1947 - Gen , ral 1Clark had. breakfa~t at the Gu.ti-st Hous . At 1000 hour the General S!)Oke to n group of men who had forrn~rly r.e-rved with him . At 1030 hours , accompanied by his staff , General Clark in- spected the fBcilities of the Seattle ort of Emberk:ation with Colonel Donaldson . After inRpection he went to th , ·.ai on Blanc wher he had lunch with 1v rR . Clark ond Colon 1 end ~t rs . Sullive.n . ft .r luncheon th~ General returned to Fort Lawton and rest d , after '.IJhich h continued t ·o work on his spe.ch for that evening to be g iven before th Re ~rve Officers Association pt the Chamber of Comm~rc~ Building . J t 1730 1ours th~ Ge~ ral left Fort La~ton and aft•r conclusion of th BOA dinn~r drove to Fort L~wis where he pent the night nt the Fort Lewis Inn . FORT L:ro'vl!S - 29 OCTOB.i"'R 1947 - Genna.l Clark had brea.1--:fast with his family at Fort Lewie Inn snc1 at 0915 was met by General Kendall , CG of Second I nf an try Division ,, who · escorted the G~ne-ra.l to the arade Ground to r•vi-'!W the troops of the Sec ond Division . Immediet~ly followin ~ th~ r~vi w, Gene ral Clark drove a.rouna. th~ ost for a nhort tim and then went to Headouarters wher he had a conf er~nce with G~nrrHl Kend.all and ma.d~ some telephonf! calls to Hlll!adquarters in Ean Francisco o H~ later went to the Fort ewi~ Officers Club where he had a haircut , p.nd then returned to Fort Lwwis Inn to pack . t 1200 h0urs the General returned to the Officers Club and ntt~nded the luncheon given by Gen"ral Kendall. ong those in at t ,na ance w~re : Brigadi ~r Gene rel H~yer , Gent'!ral Swift and Colonel Sullivan . Mr • Clark and l rs . Sullivan a.11.d Ann at t nded a lunch.,on given by Mrs . Kendall. At the conclusion of both lunchMn!i , Gen~ral Cla.rk ' s party depnrted from Fort Lewis on the' start of tht">ir return trip to San Franci~co . The G~ne ral dro,·~ as far as ;,;.,al~m , Oregon , v•her he stayed at a motel , &nd after having dinn r he retired . S EM- ,..,A.H FRANCISCO - 30 OCTOE R 194? - Genna 1 Clerk and party departed from Salem at 0730 hours and arrived at the Presidio of San Francisco at 2230 hours o SAN FRANCISCO - 31 OCTOBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and !mediately went into conference with Gemral Davidson regarding events that had taken place during his abs~nce while in the Northwest. Following General Davidson, General Clark saw Colonels McMahon and Grogan. The remainder of the morning the General spent catching up on official corresr,ondence and going over documents which bad accumulated during his absence. About noon the General saw Colonel Paxson concerning the Colonel's desire to be admitted to the National War College. Colonel Oxx, who had recentl7 arrived on the Post,called on the General and had a short conference with him. Colonel Oxx will be the new Sixth Army PIO officer. The General then walked home with Colonels McMahon and Grogan at 1215 hours and returned to the office at 1430 hours. He again snw General Davidson and after going over more papers left the office and returned to q_uartere • • • �SAN FRANCISCO - 1 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters throughout the morning and in the afternoon walked to town where he was met by Mrs • Clark. ( • SAN FP.ANCISCO - 2 BOVJ!MBER 1947 - General Clark spent the da.:, fishing in the · :Bay and caught two large striped bass. He returned to his quarters at 1600 hours and that evening had cocktails with Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan and dinner at the club. SAN :rRA.NCISCO - 3 NOVEMBER 1-947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and spent the morning taking care of routine administrative matters . At 1430 hours the General saw Colonel Fox, Commanding Officer of the 91st Infantry Reserve Division. to discuss the forthcoming ceremonies on Armistice Day at which time the battle flags will be returned to the Division. The General spent the evening at home. ( SAN FPANCISCO - 4 NOV».IBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hour~. A£ter going over some correspondence he called in Colonels Grogan and Oxx and held a conference with them concerning his speeches to be delivered s.t Long Beach and San Diegoo After going over a draft speech to be delivered before the National Girl Scout Convention, he made numerous changes and then talked with Colonel O:xx. Later he again conferred with Colonel Grogan and then saw Colonel Paxon. The Generalhad lunch at home and spent the afternoon on the Fort Scott dock crab fishing with Sergeant Flynt. • SAN FRANCISCO - 5 NOVEM13ER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately saw Colonel Grogan who brought 1n the final draft of the speech for Long Beach. Colonel Grogan then presented the General with the draft for the speech before the Press Club and Chamber of Commerce in San Diego and the General spent the greater part of the morning revising these two speeches. Later he went over some documents with General Davidson and then · saw General Lee. After lunch at his quarters the General returned and went over the final drafts for the three speeches to be given in Sou them California. He returned to his quarters at 1600 hours and after going over his income tax reports wi t h Captain Waters had Colonel and Mrs. Paxson and Colonel and Mrs. Oxx in for cocktails. • I • • SAN FRANCISCO-WNO :BEACH - 6 NOVDIBER 1947 - General Clark, accompanied by Colonels Groge.n and Oxx, departed the Presidio at 0745 hours and drove to Hamilton Field where the party boarded a plane at 0840 houra arriving Long :Beach 1057 hours. The group registered at the Hotel Wilton. At 1200 hours a luncheon was given for the General by the City of Long Beach where he delivered an informal speech and was given the key to the city. luncheon was held at the Hotel Wilton. At 1600 hours the General attended the Girl Scout pageant held at the Convention Auditorium and at 1800 hours had dinner at the Hotel Wilson wi.th Mrs. Ferguson and Mrs. Kendrick. That evening at 2000 hours the Geners.l went to the Convention J.uditorium and at 2030 hours delivered his speech, broa.dcast over MBS, before the 29th Convention of the National Council of Girl Scouta . The General left immediately after the speech • • • �SANmEGO - 7 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark departed Long Beach by auto at 0900 hours and arrived San Diego at 1100 hours where he registered at the El Cortez Hotel. At 1200 hours he attended a luncheon given by the City. County and Chamber of Commerce at the U.S. Grant Hotel, where he delivered an informal speech. At 1730 hours a reception was held at the El Cortez Hotel with militar,J, naval and civi.lian gnests in attendance. The General attended a dinner meeting of the Press Club at 1845 hours and delivered an off-thereco rd speech. ( • • SAN DIEGO - 8 NOVEMBER 1947 - General and Mrs. Clark visited with Colonel and-Mrs. E.G. McCleave, at Grossmont, Californiao • \ SAN DIEGO-SAN FBANCISCO - 9 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark departed San Diego by air ( 0-47) at 0945 hours and arrived Hamilton Field at 1255 hours. The General WflS met by Major Luther. The General immediately went to the Presidio where he had lunch. In the afternoon, General Clark rested • • • ( • SAN FRANCISCO - 10 NOVDmER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours. He went over official papers and then called in the Chief of Staff and held a long conference with him. At 1015 hours Colonel Martin saw the General to brief him on his appointment with Colonel Edmonds, who is the new officer fo'r the Distribution Center for the War Dead in Oakle,nd. At 1030 hourR the General saw Colonel Edmonds and later talked with Colonels Grogan and McMahon. He dictated some letters shortly before leaving for lunch and at 1215 walked _home with General Davidson and Colonel McMahon. General Clark returned to his office at 1400 hours and spent the afternoon working on his speech to be delivered tomorrow at the Armistice Dey ceremonies. He returned to quarters where he remained the balance of the day. SAN FRANCISCO - 11 NOV:mM.BER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and immediately went over his speech in which he incorporated some changes. Later he saw Colonel Grogan and shortly before 1100 hours was joined by Mr$.Olerk: who accompanied him to the ceremonies. At the ceremonies, Genere.l Clark returned the colors to the Reserve Uni ts of the 91st Division and other Reserve Units.of California. After this part of the ceremonies, the General held a decoration ceremony ,. where he decorated several officers, enlisted men and civilian personnel. At the conclusion of the ceremonies, Genera.l Clark returned to his quarters where he spent. the remainder of the day • • • • • SAN FRANCISa) - 12 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at hi~ office at 0900 hours and immediately saw Colonel McMahon to discuss with him several engagemen ts which were pending. Because of his heavy schedule, the General has regretted most of the invitations and has only accepted the most importa.~t. At 1030 hours General Walter K. Wilson and Mr. Robert Wilson called on the General and remained for a long conferenceo After talking with Colonel Grogan and General Da.vidson, General Clark walked homewhere he remained the balance of the afternoon. At 1730 hours General and Mrs. Clark attended a cocktail party given by Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan at the Officers Club in honor of Mrs. Virginia �'-fo Heil end Mrs. Mabel Steventon • • • SAN FRA.MCISCO - 13 NOVPMJ3ER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and after dictating some letters saw General Weaver on the final report of the Joint Utilization Board. At 1030 hours Mr. Young of the Civilian Personnel Section of the War Department called on General Clark in company with Golonel Martin to discuss the problem of civilian person.11el in the Sixth Army area. which had just been inspected. The report was very good, and at the same time Mr. Young discussed with General Clark the status of Miss Davis, Gem ral Clark's secrete.ry. The General then held a long conference with General Robertnon, who had just arrived from :Bulgaria to become the new Deputy Commanding Generalof the Sixth Army-. At the conclusion of this talk, General Clark and General Robertson walked home together. Gen eral Clark spent the afternoon crab fishing off the pier and in the evening attended a cocktail party at 1700 hours, at Gere ra1 tee's q1.1arters. Later General Robertson and General and Mrs. Keher dropped in for cocktails at General Clark's quarters, and General Robertson remained for dinner. • * SAN FW!CISCO - 14 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and spent the next hour going over official documents, and later held a long conference with General Davidson concerning some Sixth Army policies. At 1030 hours the General was interviewed by a group of ROTC officers from the Oakland Technical High School. Following the interview, General Robertson saw General Clark and later Colonels Grogan and McMahon conferred jointly with him. General Clark spent the remainder of the morning dictating and left his office at 1230 hours for lunch. In the afternoon he played golf at ·the Presidio -.,Golf Cl ub with Colonel Lloyd • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 15 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark spent the day fishing with , Colonel Kilburn, at Mare Island. • • SAN FRAlrnISCO - 16 NOVEMBER 194 7 General Clark spent the d.ay at his quarters, In the morning he took a long walk with Colonel Sullivan. After r esting in the afternoon, General Clark, accompanied by Mrs. Clark,had dinner at the home of Colonel and Mrs. Slocum. • • SAM FRANCISCO - 17 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark errived at his office et 0915 hours and immediately talked with Colonel Grogan concerning his· speech to be given before the San Francisco :Bond Club this noon. Ls.ter the General saw General Bathhurst. Deputy Ohief · of Staff, Army Ground Forces. After going over several points with General Davidson. General Clark left his office at 1130 hours to go to the San Francisco :Bond Club meeting at the Fairmont Hotel vhere he gave en off-the-record speech. He returned to his quarters at 1500 hours and remained there the balance of the day • • • SAN F.RA.1-TCISCO - 18 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hou r s and cpent a large portion of the morning dictating re lie on officia.l correspondence. He then held a long conference wi tfi ooionef . �4( ( Slocum and later he saw Colonel Martin. Foll)wing his conference with Colonel Martin, the General saw Generals Davidson and Robertson. Colonels Grogan and McMahon were called in en the conference. Just before going home for lunch, General Clark saw Colonel Oxx on the CARE program. Following lunch at his quarters, General Clark returned to the office at which time he again talked with General Robertson. In the evening General and Mrs. Clark and Ann had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Paul Verdier • • SAU FRANCISCO - 19 NOVEMBER 1947 - Genera.l Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and after going over some papers saw General Davideone Later General Clark talked with General Lee, and at 1000 hours saw General Sweeney and Mr. Ted Huggins. Mr. Huggins is the Public Relations Counsellor at large for the St~ndarc Oil Company and currently is associated with plans for San Francisco Founders Day. 7ollowing his conference with General Sweeney and Mr. Huggins, the General went over some official document~ and spent the rest of the morning d.ictating. After lunch at his quarters, he spent the afternoon playing golf with Colonels Martin and Lloyd at the Presidio Golf Club . • SAN FRANCISCO - 20 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at hie office at 0930 hours. After going over his mail the General saw General David10n • .At 1130 hours Gem ral Jens Doe, Commanding General. Fort Ord, called on the General to discuss the problems concerning Fort Ord. After finishing this conference , Gem ral Doe accompanied General Cb.rk to his quarters where they hE'.d lunch. General Clark remained at home the balance of the day. ( SAN FRA.NCISOO - 21 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and attended to routine office matters. He later saw Colonel Oxx on the proposed Lowell Thomas broadcast and other means of appeals for aid to Austria. In the evening, General Clark and family attended a cocktail party at the Presidio Officers Club given by Major Luther. * SAN FRANCISCO - 22 NOVFJ.IBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours and spent the morning attending to routine office matters. In the afternoon and evening the General remained at home • • SAN FRANCISCO - 23 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters throughout the day . In the evening the Gem ral and family had dinner with Mayor and Mrs. Lapham at their home • • ( SAN FRANCISCO - 24 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours . At 1000 hours Lt. Colonel Young and Lt. Colonel Grey called on the ~enerel with regard to two court me.rtial cases• Ganeral Clark then talked with Generals Davidson and Robertson, following which he dictated correspondence. At noon the General returned to his quarters for lunch and remeinea there the rest of the day. • • �SAN FRANCISCO - 25 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his offlce at 0845 hours. At 1000 hours he conferred with Mr. Stewart from the California Income Tax Department regarding his income tax reports. At 1100 hours he saw Messrs. Sorenson and Loomis. Mr. Sorenson is the head of all San Francisco YMCAs, and he conferred with General Clark regarding the Army YMCA. Later Colonel Thomas Lewis, formerly with Vienna Area Command, and now stationed at Fort Sam Houston, came in to aee the General. He is visiting his family in Oakland. At 1135 hours the General left his office and picked up Mrs. Olarlc at his quarters and ;_ together they went to the Hotel St. Francis to attend a luncheon given by the General Motors OJub of San Francisco. This luncheon was attended by leading executives of San Francisco. After the luncheon this group previewed the General Motors train of tomorrow. Following this the GP,neral returned to his quarters where he spent the rest of the day. • • SAN FRANCISCO - 26 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Cla.rk attended to routine office matters in the morning, and in the afternoon ple.yed golf o ljr SAN FRANCISCO - 27 NOV™BER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters in the morning, after a walk. At 1145 hours he left his home and went to the Headquarter111 Detachment messes to inspect the Thanksgiving dinner and spoke to the assembled troops and guests. Immediately after this vioit he left the Presidio with Mrs. Clark and ·Ann and drove to the ranch of Mr. and Mrs. E.D. Coblentz (San Francisco Call :Bulletin) for Thanksgiving Day dinner. ( SA.N FRAMCISCO - 28 NOVEMBER 1947 - This day was a holiday on the Post and the General s_pent the day at his quarters. That evening at 1800 hours he spoke to the Scottish Rites bodies at the San Francisco Lodge. SAN FRANCISCO - 29 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Clark, accompanied by Mrs. Clark a.nd Mrs. Sullivan, drove to Larkspur at 0945 hours to the home of Colonel and Mrs. Pete Kilburn where there was held a Class Reunion of the Class of 1917 to hAar thA Army-Navy game. SAN FRANCISCO - 30 NOVEMBER 1947 - General Cl.a.rk remained at his quarters throughout the day. In the evening he entertained guests at dinner at the Officers Club. * SAN FRAl{CISCO - l DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. After going through his mail and giving some dictation, he saw Lto Col. Monte Hancock, who was his former lst Sergeant in the 30th Infantry. Colonel Hancock is now retired. Later General Clark talked with General Davidron and then with Colonels McMahon and Grogan. He walked home for lunch and syent t he remain.cler of the afternoon at his quarters. In the evening General and Mrs •. Clark and Ann had dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Schwabacher. ( • �43 SAN FRANCISCO - 2 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arriv9d at his office at 0845 hours and immediately saw Colonel Grogan. J.t 1000 Captain Mike Daly stopped by to see the General. Captain Daly is retired and is an old friend of the General. Mr. Griffin. District Manager of the American Association of Be.ilroads. Car Service Division, called on the General at 1030 hours. He merely de~ired to make the General's acquaintance, having spoken to General Davidson earlier about this appointment. Mr. Meiklereich, the new British Consul General in San Francisco, called on the General at 1130 hours to pay his respects. Mr. Meiklereich took over the post when Mr. Cyril H. Cane was t1ansferred. General Clark spent the rest of the mo rning dictating and at 1230 hours waL~ed home with Colonel McMahon, where he had lunch. He returned to his office at 1400 hours and talked with General Davbson and Colonel Slocum on the National Guard and Adjutant Generals' conference to be held next month. Later he went over some corres~ondence and then returned to his quarters where he spent the rest of the e;ening. ( SAN FRANCISCO - 3 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his offic e at 0915 hours and immediately talked with Colonels Grogan and Oxx concerning arrangements for his trip to Omaha next week. A new problem had arisen concerning the status of his speech as to whether it should be on or off the record. At 1000 hours General Clark saw Brigadier General Ha,ig Slerkersian, an old friend of the General; and after seeing General Davidson the General spent the remainder of the morning dictating. At 1145 hours he stopped by his quarters to pick up Mrs. Clark who accompanied him to the St. Francis Hotel where they attended a luncheon given in honor of Dr. Deutsch, who is retiring as Vic~ President of the University of California. Upon returning to his quarters aft~r the luncheon, the General rested. * SAN FPA.~CISCO - 4 DECEMBER 1947 - After arriving at his office at 0900 hours, General Clark saw General Davidson concerning the Army-Industry Day at Omaha, and at 1000 hours he received Mr. Giovanni Bosio, the Ita ian Consul General in San Francisco o · Mr. 'Bosio had just returned from Italy and brought with him many greeti.ngs from friends of the General in Italy. He also brought several letters for t~e Generel. Mr. Bosio discussed atgreat length the situation in Italy at the present time. General Robert Eichelberger, Commanding General, 8th Army, called on General Clark at 1030 hours and spent the remainder of the morning with him. At noon, General Eichelberger accompanied General Clark to his quarters where they had lunch with Mrs. Clark and Mrs. Eichelberger. General Clark returned to his off'ice at 1400 hours and diacussed at great length the final arrangements for the ArmyIndustry Day at Omaha with Colonels Oxx and Grogan. General Davidson also wa-s called in on the conf eremce • • SAN FRANC SCO - 5 December 1947 - General Clark arrived a.t his office at 0900 hours and aft~ going over his correspondence spent the greater part of the morning giving dictation. This day the General learned that the dog ( 0 Swift 11 ) that was being sent to him by Mr. Roland Harriman in New York had been lost at Colorado Springs, Colorado, when it ran away when being fed. The dog was enroute to San F1ancisco by Army plane. Public broadcasts and newspaper articles were used as means of locating the dog . General Clark also saw General Davidson this morning and then called in Colonel Martin to determine the return dat e to the States of his nephew, Cpl. Henry . �4Y ( George. Colon~l Martin also discussed the details of arranging a conference for the district recruiting officers to be held on the General's return from Omaha. Later Gen~ral Davidson and Colonel Slocum discussed the selection of a senior National Guard officer and Reserve Officer to be placed on General Cla rk 1 s staff . At 1230 hcurs Genera.land Mrs. Clark attended a luncheon at the home of Mr. Paul Smith, editor ant general manager of the San Francisco Chronicle, in honor of Mr. Cameron, publisher of the Chronicle. In the evening, accompanied .b y his f~...mily • Genera.l Clark ha.a. dinner at his old friend's, Vincent DaMasse.. * SAN FRANCISCO - 6 DECD1BER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours &~dafter going over his mail called in Colonel McMahon to go over som of his future appointments . Later General McKay called on the General to extend to him an invita.tion a.board the PRESIDENT CLEV:F.l,AND on 1 h maiden run next week. General Clark had to decline because of his trip to Omaha. General Clark returned to· his quarters at 1100 hours and remained there for the rest of the day. In the evening he had dinner at the Pacific Union Club as guest of John Francis Neylan in honor of Colonel Robert McCormick, of the Chicago Tribunea Ill SAN FRANCISCO - 7 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters during the day. ( SAN FRANCISCO - 8 DEC.El\ffiER 1947 - G~neral Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and was suffering from a bad cold. He ta~~ed with Colonels Grogan and Oxx and Genere.l Davidson concerning the final arrangements for his departure tomorrow for Omaha and then called in Colonel Gorby 1 Sixth Army surgeon, who advised the General against making the trip to Oma.ha because of hb condition, fearing that flying might aggravate his cold and bring about the ear trouble with which he he.d been bothered. before. Considering this, the General decidP.d not to attempt to make the trip a.Yld so dictated telegrams to the War Department and to persons in Omaha stating that he would be unable to attend. He left his office early and returned to his quarters where he rested during the afternoono • SA..~ FRANCISCO - 9 DEC:Fl{BER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters throug.hout the da.y in an attempt to rid himself of his cold. His mother, Mrs. C. C. Clark. arrived by train this morning for the Christmas holida.ys • • SJ.N FRANCISCO - 10 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and. dictated lette~ to people in Omaha a.nd to General Gruenthe:r., telling them of his regrets in not being able to be with them on the occasion of ArmyIndustry Day at Omaha. At 1100 hours Mr. Thomas Kehr of Portland, Oregon , called on t.he General Mr. Kehr is the brother of Major Kehr, who was killed in the plane crash at the seme time as Lt. Colonel. Jack Walker. the General's former cub pilot . After talking with General Davidson and with General Robertson, General Clark left his office, returned to his quarters for lunch, and remained there the balance of the day • • * �SAN FRANCISCO - 11 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and attended to routine office details. He returned to his quarters for lunch and in the afternoon, in civilian clothes, walked to town to do some shopping and then drove back, being picked up by Sgt. Roberts at the Hotel St. Francis. In the evening the Gener~ and Mrs. Clark went to Taratino's reRtauran t for dinner. • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 12 D~CEMBER 1947 - GenAral Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and attended to routine office matters. In the evening he · remained at his quarters. SPJ1 FRANCISCO - 13 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0 00 hours, attendL~g to routine office matters. He returned to his quarters for lunch and remained there the balance of the afternoon~ 1 • • SAN FRANCISCO. 14 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters in the morning and in the afternoon played g?lf. t':Vening. ( He had dinner at home in the SAN FRANCISCO - 15 DECEMBER 1947 - Geners,l Clark arriv d at his office s.t 0915 He walked home for lunch with Colonel Grogan and returned to his office later in the afternoon. In the eveni~g he attended cocktail parties given by Colonel andMrs. McMahon and. Mr. and Mrs. hours and attended to routine office matters. Dean Witter. SAN FRANCISCO - 16 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours snd dictated general correspondence. At OffiO hours he met with the district recruiting commanders, General Butler, Colonel Martin and Colonel McCreery. Mr. Berkson of INS called from New York regarding the General I s article "The Unhappy Truthu. At 1100 hours the General went to his quarters where the Post Band serenaded Mrs. C. C. Clark on the occasion of her birthday. General Clark: spent the afternoon :playing golf. In the evening Mr. Bob Hoyme dropped in for cocktailsc Later Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan and Major Luther were dinner guests in honor of Mrs. C. C. Clark's birthday. Following dinner a movie was shown, attended by the dinner gueAts and Colonel and Mrs. Lloyd and Mrs Lloyd's mother. • • S.A.L{ FRANCISCO - 17 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office e.t 0900 hours and immediately went over his mail until 0930 at which time he had a G-3 conference with Colonel Slocum, Colonel Forsyt:1.e, General Davidson and Lt. Colonel Smith with regard to the atomic defense problem. Immediately following the conference he conferred with Colonel Grogan and later dictated some letters. Shortly before lunch h~ went over final arrangemente with Colonel Oxx and Colonel Smith concerning plans for receiving General Mast on the Post and the reception and dinner for this evening. General Clark walked home for lunch with Colonel McMahon and shortly after lunch rested. He returned to his office at 1530 hours and after rehearsing the ceremonies left to go to Lombard Gate where he met General Mast and his deputy at 1600 hours. This was a reunion for the two soldiers. The first meeting of these two famous men wa~ �( at the historical meeting of North Africa when Genera.l Clark went by submarine to Cherchel to confer with GeneralMast befor e the invasion of North Africa. As G_c.neral Mast entered the Presidio, a 17-gun salute was rendered in his honor. After the official car arrived on the Pe.rade Grounds, Gerl' ral Mast reviewed an honor guard and later, after delivering a short addrese, decorated General Clark with the Legion of Honor and Croix de Guerre with palm . Following the military honors, General Clark took General Mast to his offic e and then for a short ride around the Presidio grounds ending up ~t the Officers Club at 1700 hours where he met Mrs . Clark. At this time a reception was held at the Club in honor cf General Mast . After the reception, General Clark returned to his quarters for a short time and at 2000 hours General and Mrs . Clark gave a dinner in honor of General Mast at the Officers Club . Among those attending were Governor and Mrs. Warren , Paul Verdier , Consul Genera.I Bertrand, Mr. and Mrs . Weill. Lady Effingham, . Mr . Cauthorn . Following dinner the General returned to his quarters for the night. • SAN FRANCISCO - 18 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office ~t 0930 hours a.nd immediately dicta.ted some letters. Afterwards he conferred with General Davidson and then with Colonel Grogan, who was followed by Colonel Oxx. At 1200 hours the General left his office for his quarters and then proceeded to the St. Francis Hotel where he a.tten<led a luncheon given by the French..J..merican Committee of San Francisco in honor of General Mast . The General returned to h1s quarters in the afternoon where he rested and at 1715 hours attended a cocktail party given by Colonel and Mrs. Winn , Commanding Officer at Letterman Hospital . Following the cocktail party th~ G~neral/a dinner at Cercle d l'Union in honor of General Mast . attended • ( SAN FRANCISCO - 19 DECEMBER 1947 - Genera.l v lark arrived at his office at 0900 hours attending to routine office matters . He remained away from the office after luneh, and at 1930 hours attended dinner at the apartment of Mr . and Mrs . Fdmond Coblentz . SAN FRANCISCO - 20 hours attending to where he spent the of Lt . Colonel and DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 routine office me,tters and left for his qua.rters at 1130 hours afternoon until 1815 hours when he had cocktails at the home Mrs . Smi th and then attended the dinner dance at the Club • • SAN FRANCISCO - 21 DEC~..BER 1947 - General Clark took a walk in the morning and remained at his quarters in the afternoon. In the evening he had cocktails at the home of Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan and attended dinner and bingo at the Club with the Sullivans. l SAN FRANCISCO - 22 DECFMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately went over his mail and dictated corresoondence until 1000 hours at wi ich time he received Lt. Colonel Billingslea, who. . served with him in Italy . Colonel Billingslea discussed old times with the General until 1030 hours and then General Clark saw the Chief of Staff. Later he saw Pfc Stewart, whom he released from the Gua.rd House, and then spent the rest of the morning dictating. In the afternoon the General remained at his quarters . At 1800 hours he attended a cocktail party and dinner given at the Officers Club by General and Mrs. J .C.H. Lee. • • • �V I I SAN FRANCISCO - 23 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours a nd immliately conferred with Colonel Grogan. He later saw General Davidson and at 1000 hours had a conference with Colonel Slocum Rnd other members of G-3 on Universal Military Training, which lasted until 1100 hours. After going over correspondence and dictating letters, Generel Clark left the office and walked to his quarters for lunch. Tn the afternoon he played golf and in the evening entertained Mr . and Mrs. Bakewell and General and Mrs . Lee at dinner at his quarters. SAN FRA.MCISOO - 24 DEC!MBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and after conferring with General Davidson spent the greater part of the morning catching up on official mail. Just before leaving for lunch he saw General Robertson and then Colonel Grogan. The General remained at his quarters during the balance of the day • • • 25 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his qua.rters throughout the day and received callers. SAN FRANCISCO ~ SAN :FRANCISCO - 26 DECll113ER 1947 - GenerRl Clark did not come to the office this day. In the morning he played golf and rested in the afternoon. In the evening he had cocktails and dinner at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Merriman • • ( * • • SAlQ" FRANCISCO - 27 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark remained at his quarters throughout the day and evening. * • • • SAN FRANCISCO - 28 DEC]){BER 1947 - General Clark rema.ined at hh quarters throughout the day. In the afternoon he drove to Atherton where he had dinner with Mr. and Mrs . Carrol Harris. In the evening he entertained Mr. and Mrs. Edmond Coblentz, Colonel and Mrs. Woodward, and General and Mrs. Robertson at dinner at home . • SAN FRAMCISCO - 29 DECDIBER 1947 - General Cla.rk arrived at his office at 0900 hours and dictated letters aft~r which he saw General Davidson. At 1100 hours he saw the Chief of State Police in California, Mr. Cato. Later he again saw General Davidson concerning Mr. Cato's request that some area be made available for training of the State Police. Later the Gen~ral talked with Colonel McMahon concerning his New Year's Day reception. The General walked hpme at noon and in the afternoon played golf. SAN FP.ANCISCO - 30 hours and attended Judge Advocate, on his quarters where DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived a.t his office at 0900 to routine office matters. At 1000 hours he saw Colonel Grey, a court martial case. F611owing this the General left for he remained the balance of the day • • �SAN FRANCISCO - 31 DECEMBER 1947 - General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours . He talked with Colonels McMahon and Grogan and at 1100 hours attended a retirement ceremony at which General Lee, Colonel Wright and 17 enlisted men retired. In the evening he attended a cocktail party at the quarters of Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan and then attended a dinner dance at the Officers Clu • END 1 9 4 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, May 26 - December 31, 1947 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from May 26 - December 31, 1947. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1679