2 10 14 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/db76e707fbc7e73b2b74bf53891dd046.pdf?Expires=1790208000&Signature=US4IqE7J1aTSe1Ny0pOBQw%7E93t2FvWulY4yvxIrxaf1kHjeJBX2C%7E-%7EmL1VSZ4LyHknffmJTtsAQtfoteH2gNgwUcD3O8LuHShFbzGdB3LjKOFFAt9FFk1lLeD-3GUsc18%7EIxDKa45ejzHZ0aexyZwaP3WKtk6NVcfSRA1pGUsFxyOAWBcu91viie0oJDo9FEMqekBFsLgF7cZfMeGlBwB0t3T0IjTFhVDDwfqxRZtxQRejU7wWtR3p1nZED7W5Y3OtFcVh2-Phg-0MfT6E2pGFvaNuiVZipBD7ARD03wknTYMscRbARUkBwouZZhDkf7Qxyen%7Eri9dv5clVLmLlAQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9a7d47164074e71dde84d888e6e7341a PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM ( the US Zone and the US area of Vienna 1200 c alories for a period of 60 to 70 days . By conserving in the Zone in order to take care of the critical situation in Vienn a I feel I can then get by until the next harvest is expected ear ly in September . Furthermore, if food supply res ponsibi ·; i ty is returned to the r.1ili tary I vtllJ be in a position to ,force Konev t o rut food into Vienna as I have done in the pas t . He has furnished no food in the Soviet Zone to date so the people in that area rd 7 1 be no worse off than they have been for months . The same applies to the Frenc h Zone . The British no doubt will have difficulties, but I am convinced they can v:-ork them out some way to get by H forced to it . ' w.!hi] e I rea ize that it is the desire of the ifar Der)artment to divest itseJf of responsibiJity for disease and unrest in Austria , I feel that this cannot be done until s ome agency is prepared to take over that res ponsibility . The mere transfer of such responsibility without effe ctive :implementation wiJl not relieve my limited troops of the task of dea ing with any si twn,ion which develops here as resl,J t of any s1 pr,ly shortages . tmRRA shou d continve at top speed v1i th its procurement pro gram so it c an take over or supplenent supply responsi bility at the earliest possib e date . "I have rece ived your 1:IARX 85514 and fully a pprec1ate the ideal situo.tion envisioned therein with re gard to restoring economic unity in Austria, but tlns c an only be accomplished by a s1..r:ly agency nith f ull 1aeans of implementation , which DlJPJlA d oes not noH have , nor does it nov1 foresee either from its ovm resources or from the military . 11 * * * VID~1JA--APRIL 30 , 1946: General C ark arrived at his office at 1000 hours after having walked from his villa . He i mmedia tely saw General McMahon followed by General Tate and later conferred with Colonel Burrill concerning the dependents • train . Ivirs . Clark and Ann will arrive in Vienna this evening with the f:irs t shipment of dependents . Genera" Clark left his office at 1230 and s pent the remajnder of the day at the villa preparing the rec eption for L1rs. C1ark and Ann . At 1900 he had his old friends j_n for dinner and they avmited the arrival of the train which -ri1as six hours 1 ate . * VIEi.'NA--1:;AY" 1, 1946: General CJ ark arrived at Franz J osef Balmhof at 0030 and awaited the arrivaJ of i.rs . ClarL and Ann . The station was decorated for their arrival and a band was on hand to aid in the welcoming of the first families . After a long wait the train arrived at OJ 30 ' end it was really a hap1lf occasion for the reunion of the famiJ ies . Lieutenant C" ark had boarded the train at Salzburg and accompanied his mother to Vienna . The entire family went immediateJ y to the villa where they retired for the nieht after insr,ecting the house . t 1000 hours Genera] Clark was serenaded vri th 11 Happy Birthday to You" b the band and was wished many hapfy returns of the day by severa} members of his �( staff who had gathered at his vi11a . Today is General Clark 1 s fiftieth birthday . .After serving eg[_,'!logg and cake to the guests , General Clark toasted the arriva 7 of the dependents and was toasted in return by Lrs . Clad. . At 11.30 l':lr . Denby , representing the 2tate Department , presented General C1 ark vii th a beautiful collection of 18th Century etchings of Vienna . General Clark had lunch with his family at the villa and remained there the rest of the afternoon . At 19.30 hours General Clark arrived with his famiJy at General Tate ' s vilJa where he was given a cocktail party and buffet dinner in honor of his birthday . Various members of the staff and wives were present . Genera] Clark returned to his villa at 2.300 hours . * * * * VIENNA- -MAY 2, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hovrs and immediately conferred with General Tate and General lcllahon and at J 035 saw ~dr . Ad.ams of the Po 1 itical Division . After v;orking on accumulated correspondence General Clark saw General UcMahon with Colonel Martin on personnel problems and Austrian marriages . The General left his headquarters at 1245 and had lunch v1ith his family at the villa . He remained at the vi~la during the remainder of the day and in the evening had guests for dinner . * ( * * VIE1:NA--M.AY 3 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and immediately conferred with General McMahon . Sho:!'.'tly thereafter he heJd a long conference with Ur . Erhardt and Jater worked on corres pondence and several other official papers . The General left his headquarters at 1300 and had lunch with his family at his viJla . In the afternoon he rested . At 16.30 Mrs . Clark held a tea for the newly arrived wives and the wives already in Vienna and at 17.30 General and Mrs . Clark received the husbands at a short reception . At 1930 General and Mrs . Clark and Ann had dinner at the Bristol Hotel with Colonel and Mrs . Howard , Colonel r, artin , Ur . Mams, Colonel Klein and Captain Luther . They later watched the floor show at the Bristol Club and then returned to the vi 11a . General Clark s ent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Department, Reference Nunber P- 7618: (SECRET) 11 Under present policies as estab'ished in State Department cable No . 64, dated J3 August 1945, United Nations displaced persons are not required to work in order to receive rations, except on temporary basis when conditions justify. This policy has encouraged a certain amount of idleness at a time when there is a shortage of labor, particuJarly in the construction and agriculture industries and when a shortage of food exists in Austria . It is requested that I be authorized to require aJl able bodied United ~ations displaced persons , except persecutees , to work in order to receive r2tions . n l General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff , Reference Number P-7619: , (SECRET) �Austrian Government has passed a law creating an Austrian Liberation IJeda1 to be awarded to deserving members of the Al] ied Forces on Austrian territory , to Austrians and t o others concerned with the liberation of the Austrian RepubJ ic . This lav, is now being considered by the Quadri partite Legal Division . I propose to approve the Jaw with the understanding that this award is not repeat not to be made to any member of occupation forces until after withdrawal of such forces from Austria . " 11 ( General Clark sent the followine message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, information to I.,/A Moscow, lceference Number P-7696: (SECRET) Reference your WAR 86525 . Konev has replied to my letters of protest in the case of fighter attack on US C-47 i;o . 348779 near Tulln on 22 April, and the incident on 5 April of anti- aircraft firing in vicinity of US C-45 carrying !:Taj or General Parker . He stated that the incident involving C-47 No . 348779 occurred as res1)} t of violation of the estab 1 ished corridor . As to the inc ident on 5 April Konev advised that his investigation "established no such incidenttr and furthermore "in this region there are no P.ed Army anti- aircraft guns . " I am replying to Konev ' s 1 etter poinUng out to him that witnesses present at Tulln established positive proof that C-47 No . 348779 vms in the established corridor near 'l'ul]n when attacked and reaffirming my protest against repetition of incidents in the Linz- Vienna corridor invoJving .American planes . Also I am asking Konev to lend his support in removin~ restrictions on flying over the Soviet Zone in Austria , which subject has been considered for some time in Quadripartite ir Division me etings . 11 At the present time I do not believe that the incidents involving .American aircraft signify a changed Soviet policy, but instead are believed to be irresponsible acts by Red Army air personnel . There is the possibility hovrever that these repeated incidents might have as their purpose a means of attempting to force me to agree to other unrelated Allied Corn.mission matters. 'l'he rea" purpose is not knovrn at the present time . 11 11 * * -)(- * VIENNA--tlAY 4, 1946: Genera] and Llrs . Clark and Ann, accompanied by Co}onel and .:1rs . Smith, 1eft Vienna by car at 0830 hours to drive to Gmunden where they had J unch at ViJ J a Traumlick which tr..e General is considering rec_.uisitioning for the summer . After lunch the General ' s party drove to Hinterstoder where he wi'l spend a few days . At 1630 General Tate f]ew from Vienna to discuss the food situation with General Clark . The General ' s party had dinner in the small lodge and retired early . General CJark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Department , Reference Number P- 77 1 6: (SECRET) Ref erence my r.1essage P-7434 , l ast thirty days supply not repeat not yet turned over to UNFY...A . I am withholding pending receipt further instructions reference proposal made in paragrarh four above cited mes 11 �sage . No improvement in Austrian food situation after 1 June is in ~ight at present time • 11 ( * * * VIBNNA, --MAY 5 , 1946 : General Clark accompanied b,r Ann and Captain 'rraugott left the lodge at 0800 hours to go fishing . Colonel and Mrs . Smith with another hunter went to a different spot . The entire rarty spent the day fishing and returned to the lodge in the evening ,,here they had dinner and retired early . * * * VIEHNA--i'IAY 6 , 1946: General Clark 1 eft the lodge at 0830 and spent the day fishing and returned at 1830 and had dinner with his guests . * VIF.NNA--MAY 7, 19.t,6: General C]ark , .:irs . CJark , Ann , Colonel and I.irs . Smith and Captain Luther left Hinterstoder at 1015 by car and drove to Linz arriving there at 12j5 hours . They had lunch with General CoJ 1 ins, Colone and ;'rs . :.:eade and Colonel I:oss . At J JJO the rarty accompanied b;'.r General Col ins I party drove to "\:e" s where they enjoyed a horse show given by the Spanish Riding Academy of Vienna . The show was a beautiful display of 1 ippizaner horses for v1hich the Symnish Riding .Academy is famous . The General ' s :Jarty boarded his private train at the ~Vel s station at 1600 and returned to Vienna arriving at 2200 hours . The General went immAdiately to his villa rli th his family . ( * * * VIENN A--TJAY 8 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his headcuarters at 0945 and immediately saw General Tate . Shortly thereafter the Genera: recorded his speech which wi'l be broadcasted later during the day in commemoration of 1/E day . At 1015 he agajn conferred with General Tate and General :Jcl11ahon, and at 1030 J eft his office to go to the Allied Council Building for the four power VE day parade. General Clark was the only Conmander present . The other three Conu~anders were out of tovm but sent representatives to the ceremony. After receiving the report of the troop cor:tmanders , the four Commanders reviewed the troops . Upon the completion of the parade General Clark entertained the high ranJcing staff officers and wives of the other powers and Av_s.1crian officials at a cocktail TJarty in the AD ied Council Bui l.ding . At 1200 General Clark went to the Parliament Building ,,here the Austrian peopJe expressed their thanks and ao.,reciation to him , in a s peec h given by Chancellor Figl . On Jeaving the Par liament Building accompanied by lilrs. Clark and Ann , he went to his vi1, a where he sr1ent the afterr:oon . In the evening Genera] and I.irs . Mci,iahon had dinner with General Clark. * * * VIENNA--r:IAY 9, 1946: General CJ ark arrived at his office at 1000 after walking from his vi" la . He immediately conferred with General 'l'ate and General r.rcr.;ahon and then began work on the final corrections of the �( article on the submarine trip wh ich he is vll'i ting in collaboration with Hr . Israels . At 1130 General Clark saw Colonel Smith for a short time and after having Junch in the C. G. mess continued to work on his article . At 1403 hours he sa,1 r.1r . Erhardt and General Tate on the agenda for the 1 11 ied Council meeting tomorrow and after seeing General l\1cl1ahon for a short time left his office at 1530 hours for his viJ l a v1here he s pent the remainder of the day . At 1900 hours General Clark received Genera] Poole, Commander of the 6th South African Division, at his villa where he had General Poole and his t v10 aides as his guests for dinner . * * * * VIEIJN A--r.lAY 10, 1946: General C1 ark arrived at his office at 1000 hours at which time he received General Poole and General Hlcl.lahon . After conferring s hortly with l'Ir . Erhardt and General Tate , General Clark left his office for the AlJ ied Council meeting at 1100 . General Clark returned to his office at 1415 and immediately he]d a press conference attenoed by the following corres pondents: M.W . Fodor, Chicago Sun; Tom Hawkins, World Re port; Lynn Heinzerl ing , Associated Press; Josef Israels II, IN S and This Week; John MacCormac , New York Times; T/3 A . A. Noyes , Stars and Stripes; Constantine Poulos , Overseas News; M. LI . Werner , United Press; Colonel Stanley J . Grogan , Publ ic Re l ations Section; Captain Gene E . Bradley, Pub 7 ic Rel ations Section . After conferring with General Tate for a short time , General Clark J eft his of fice for his villa where he s pent the rest of the evening . General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff , pass to State Department , information to Sec . Byrnes , c/o Embassy Paris , Reference Number P- 8027: (SECRET) ( 11 1 . Allied Council meeting today marked by extreme cooperative s pirit . Agreement reached all items on a genda . Liost important items deal t with were (a) cost of occupa tion forces in Austria, and (b) Li c:uid fuel Plan for Austria for i.'. ay . Results achieved both subjects extremely favorable in l ~ght US pol icy and considering past stand of Soviets . 11 2 . Subject of occupation costs has been ur1der Al] ied Commis sion discussion sjnce February . Up to date Soviets have steadfastly held out for at :i east 50% of Austrian Civil Budget as proper share for occupation costs . This has been just as steadfastly opposed by me . I have he l d out for a top limit of 35% of the civil budget . Agreement reac hed today provides (a) Austrian Gove rnment to be advised that Allied Council estimates repeat estimates that occupational costs will not exceed 35% of Austrian Civil Budget , (b) For period 12 February to 30 June occupation costs fixed at 35% of civil budget , or 400 , 000 , 000 SchilJ ings , (c) Of amount agreed for period 12 February to thirty June (4½ months), Soviets to get 220 , 000,000, British , French and A'Ilerican to get 60,000,000 each , (d) Amount to be inc 1 uded in budget for next quarter is to be determined by a:11 four powers before beginning of quarter . �"3 . Whi]e amount obtained by Soviets for current period is over ( I three times amount allotted each of the other three powers, the sum given Soviets is a substantial reduction when viewed in ]ight of amounts previous ly granted Soviet el ement . For Januar,J Soviets received 240 1 000,000 for one month . The 220,000,000 agreed today is for a period of 4{ mont hs from 12 February to 30 June. It is my understanding that Soviet troops have not been paid since end of February . If this is true, Soviet agreement on amount s plit today indicates possible troop reduction . 4 . In licuid fue J discussions Soviets agreed to supply 28 ,000 tons POL products to meet IB'LRRA 1 s need of 30,500 tons during L1ay . This 11 is s ubstantial increase over previous monthly a 1 lotments by Soviets . Shortage of 2500 tons is a'i gasoJine , which other three powers agreed to supply on equal basis . Soviets also stated that amount to be contributed by them in June to meet needs of T.n~RRA wou' d not be l ess than contribution made for i.1 ay . I consider this to be reasona", 1 e contribution and recommend no action be taken at t his time under rnrnP..A Resolution passed in :rarch to force Sovi ets to contribute fu21 amount . Their attitude t oday 1 eads me to be l ieve we mi ght eventuaJly get them to meet complete m~RRA POL needs. "5 . General Kurasov represented I.'.arshal Konev at meeting today . He told me that · 1.iarsha 1 Konev would be away for one month on leave of absence in r,:oscow . 11 * * * * VIEJ:nIA--I.IAY 11, 1946: Gr:meral Clark arrived at his off ice at 1000 hours and immediatel y saw General ,·,_cHahon. At 1100 hours General Cl ark attended a decoration ceremony in the Conference Room of the Headquarters Building. After -conferring nith Mr . Erhardt and General Tate, General Cl ark l eft his office and vra1ked to his vi' la with Colonel Martin vrhom he had' as his guest for l uncheon . General Clark accompanied by t:rs . Cl ark and Ann went t o the Franz Josef Bahnhof to be present at the arrival of the second group of dependents com: ng from the United States on the train which arrived at 1815 . Shortly t hereafter the General and his fami: y attended a cocktail party given by Hrs. El eanor DuJ les . At 1915 General Clark, u1rs . Cl ark and Ann attended a dinner, party given by Colonel and . rs . SuJl ivan. * * c: ark remained at hi.s villa throughout t he day and had Colonel and ~.1rs . Hovrard , Colonel and Mrs. Smith, Colonel and .! rs . SuJ livan as guests for l unch. In the evening he attended a dinner given b ~r Colonel and ,.:rs . Houard . VIENT A--?:Lt\Y.12, 1946: General * * * �VIENI\A--MAY 13, 1946: General CJ ark arrived at his office at 0910 and im- mediately conferred with Colonel Grogan on· the plans for the entertainment of i,lr . and i,,rs . Ogden Reid of the New York Herald Tribune, who wi 1 1 arrive in Vienna on t'.1.e 15t1, of May . After conferring with General Tate , General Clark saw L'lr . Errardt . At 1030 General Clark again conferred with General' Tate and General McI,'.:ahon and after working on correspondence General CJ ark conferred with Mr . Er"ardt . After seeing General Tate and then Colonel Lloyd, who spoke to the General about IG investigatj_on of units, General Clark had lunch in the Commanding General Mess with Mrs . Clark and Ann . Shortly after lunch General CJark went to his villa with Mrs . Clark v1here r1e spent the rest of the day . General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff , information to USFET , Reference ]:;umber P- 81.3 5 (SECRET)-: "Your message uwARX 87710 is subject . Soviet authorities here appear to be taking steps to prevent further incidents involving erican aircraft as there have been no recent incidents . Recommend diplomatic action not repeat not be taken at this time . Future messages t his subject wi- 1 be furnished USFET . 11 11 General Clark sent the following Jetter to Colonel General L. V. Kurasov, Deputy Cor.unanding General , Soviet Element , Allied Commission, Ai.stria: "My de.ar Genera] : -( At a meeting with Soviet representatives held in Vienna on 24-25 July 1945 , it was agreed to establish an air corridor between Linz and Tu1 - n Airfie] d for the f1;i.ght of U. E' . aircraft . J. s a temporary expedient an air corridor bounded by ~errain features was seJected f or use of·u . s . aircraft pending the selection of a satisfactory air corridor based on a study of t:_e air s1,ace,. weather, terrain and su]table sites for installation of aids to air navigation . 11 As a reSl'l t of this study the U.s . Air Forces have installed radio ranges at Linz and Tulln . The beams overlap on a direct Jine between the two points enab'_ine aircraft to maintain a direct course . D1.:ring incJement weather it is sometimes the only means of estab'ishinp; the aircraf't 1 s position . This is especially important in view of the close proximity of the Alps . Safety , time, economy of operations , a 1 1 dictate adherence to a direct route 1:letween these two points • .Anticipating your concurrence with the other AJJies of freedom of air transit orer all of Austria , r .s. aircraft have used a direct Linz-Tulln route for the past nine nonths without incident until ,-"uite recent':'• This I believe estab 1 ishes the feasib_ility of such a ro.1,te without ,offering interference in any way with Soviet air o·· erations . 11 "In Sevte- ber of 1945 I subm'itted throuc:h my ,Air Division a proposal for freedom of the air. over all of Austria for aircraft of the occupying powers . Soviet agreement on this proposal wot'd eliminate the necessity for erecting air corridors in any zone of Austria . This matter has been presented to the Soviet e 1 ement in variovs forms at Air Division i evel with the hope that an agreer.ient cou 1 d be reached . Trms far we have not received �Soviet concurrenc e . Pending further negotiations for freedom of the air over a1: of Austria , in order to e}iminate air incidents caused by the present inadequate temporary air corridor and to insure the safe operation of G.S . aircraft , I reqc.est that you authCJ.!·ize li . S. aircraft to use the direct 1-inz- Tulln c orridor and corridors from Tulln over Soviet Oc cupied Austria in direc t 'ines toward Prague and Budapest . "This request is in keeping with the spirit of our negotiations with y,. ur rerresentatives in the meeting of 24-25 Ju·1 y 1945 . In view of the rec ent incidents involving Arlerican aircraft I consider it n1ost urgent thet we reach an understanding in this matter with the · · east practicable delay . Hay I , t erefore , have your early concurrence in the above matter . Sincerely yours , " The General sent the ~·onowing 1 etter to Colonel General L. V. Kurasov, Deu;ty Conu::w.nding Genera], Soviet element , Allied Commission , Austria: 11 .. ;y dear Genera1 : It has been bro, ght urgentl~- to my attention that certain oil cornranies in At:stria, 11hich are who 1 'y or in large part .American, have been placed in a very 1>recario1.,.s financia, position o,·,ing to the faiJ ure of the Soviet authorities to malre payment for deliveries of petroleum and ref.' ned oil 1,roducts ,hich these conP,anies are required to sup:1.1 y to the Soviet l in era] Oil Jrlr inis tra tion . 11 11 The. co' r anies thus affected are the Vacmm 'iJ Cor~1jany G, the nhoe~ gewinnungs J,.G and the Oesterreichische l,dneraloelwsrke, and in some instance bi] ls which were submitted as long ago as last JuJy are stil l unpaid . I am advis ed {hat the ·tota1 amounts due these companies is now over 8 , 000 , 000 Schillings , and t his has so far exhaustod their cash res ources; that if help is not promptly given they will be unable to continue opera ting for 1 ack of funds with 1•1hich to m, et their payro J 1 and overhead expenses . "The Soviet ::in8ral Oil /,drninistration does not deny that it 0",es the sums in question; but merely states that it does not have the funds with u}:..ich to meet its obligations . nr am confident that it is not the intention of the Soviet E7 ement to foster what must soon a ,.>ear as a serious discrimination against .A-:rerican interests in Austria, nor to confiscat,e t'1e oil produced by these comr:anies . According1y , I v. ou 1 d ap1 r ecia te it if you woi;.Jd instruct the Soviet :.:ineral OiJ A1r,inistration to tal·e steps promr:tly to J iquidate its debts to these American or partly .American oil companies . 11 1:ay I ask you to advise me at an early date of any instructions which you may have given in regard to this P1atter? Sincere 1 y yo1.,rs , 11 --)(- �VIEi\Il. A--ir.Kf. 14, 1946: General Clark arrived at bis office at 0930 . He immedlo.tely conferred with General 'l'ate, General ,.Ic,,ahon and Colonel ?esek for the arrane;er.ient at the Bristo] 1loteJ on the J 7th . This reception will be a huge affair covering al· ca1 ls for of.acers of UU A and t'1e reh rn ca1 ls. Later General Clark conferred 1i th Colonel Burri 1 on the arrangeri1ents •;h:i ch had been nade to bring 1Irs . Fodor, Hif-e of :.ar rorrespondent Mike :Fodor, to Vienna . General had received a cable from Genera] Gruenther on t is subject . At ]015 Genera] Clark saw T t . Colonel McFeely on an article ,1hich had appeared in the Stars and Stripes about DP canrs . r . Deflerest Pess, '•!ar Correspondent for the Saturday Evening Post , he1d a lengthy conference with General C1ark at 1030 hours on the setvp in Austria . After seeing General Tate shortly after 1 1 00 hours General Clark left the office for his villa where he . received General l.:cCreery. General ,..cCreery is 1 eaving shortly to take up :iis new command as Comm.andine Officer of t~e British knny of the Rhine . After reviewing an honor guard for Genera] ,.!cCreery , General and ::Irs . CJ ark entertained Genera) liicCreery , Genera] and . lrs . ii, interton, General and r rs . }·acl:-ard, General and Irs . Tate , and Genera] and irrs . , ,cLahon at lunch . Genera" C}ark remained at his villa for the rest of the day . In the evening General c·1 ark had guests for poker e 1 * * * VIENl,A--LAY 15 , 1946: Genera] CJ ark arrived at his office at 1005 hours . he immediate] y conferred with Genera] s Tate and t1ci.1ahon and at 1030 hours saw Colonel Grogan of PRO . Josef Israel , who is collaborating with the Genera on his book , brought in the second comp}eted article for the General to review . The first articJ e on the submarine tri:ri has, been c omrleted . At 1230 hours Colonel Boward saw General Clark on the Yugos)av 1.ission which is vmrking in the American Zone vd.thovt General CJark 1 s knowledge . 1.t 1300 ·hours General c- ark received i.1r . and iirs . 0[:den Reid , owners of the New York Herald Tribune, and after briefing them shortly entertained them at luncheon in the CG I.less . At 1430 hours General Cl ark held an orientation. for rir . and :.:rs . Reid at which he discussed at length the various problems of Austria . General Clark left his office at 1500 h,ours for his vilJa where he spent the rest of the day . In the evening he had dinner vJith 1.Irs . C1 ark and Ann, and retired early . * * * VIENNA- -MAY 16, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and worked on correspondence . At J000 hours he conferred .with General Tate and later with General Ucfaahon . At J]J0 hours he had a long conference with ,Jr . Erhardt , after which he saw General', Tate and riicMahon again . At 1240 hours Colonel Hume talked with General CJark on results of his recent trip to Rone at which ti:le he had made preparations for the ce 7 ebration of the second anniversary of the liberation of Rome . Genera1 Clarh left :1is office at 13) 5 hours and went to the vil )a where he had lunch with Hrs . Clark . In the evening Genera] and ,1rs . C1 ark entertained r;r . and ,,,rs . Ogden Reid , L:r . and I;,rs . Erhardt , ColoneJ and l'.lrs . C. C. Smith, Colonel Flory, Mr . Bess of the Satvrday Evening Post , and Colonel Grogan at a birthday dinner for ... r . Reid . General Clark sent the following messaee to Joint Chiefs o~ Staff , �\\ b information to US:FET, Reference Number P-8391 (SECPET): 11 Subj~ct is feeding of United nations displaced r,ersons and persecutees . UNRHA agreernen t and Ul!n..TlA resolutions prohibit preferential treatment by mrRRA of United l ations displaced nersons and persecuted minorities . This poJicy places such persons on same feeding scaJe as Austrians . Persons in these categories now r_eceiving supplementary food averaging eight hundred calories per day from American Red Cross food parcels . :i:n addition to this eight hundred calories AJ i.,C is supr1 ying ap~roximately 500 calories daily to persecutees . "Supply of Red Cross parcels will be exhausted in June , which will reduce United Nations disp1aced persons to feeding l eve] of Austrians , which at present time is below 1200 calories . Iersecutees will , in addition to the Arstrian ration , receive such supplementary food as AJDC is able to s ·pply , which it is anticipa.ted will not exc_eed the 500 calories nou being supnlied . It is understood that in Germany United l~ations DPs and persecutees are receiving 2300 to 2500 caJories daily , and that USFET proposes to reduce this scale in near future to 2000 calories . 11 The lovmring of the ration scal e for United Nations DPs and persecutees in Austria belov, the scale es tab· ished in U.S . Zone Germany will be misunaerstood by such 1€rsons under my controJ in Austria and is bound to be misinterpreted to detriment United States . Also , I anticipate increase in crime rate among such displaced persons in an effort to acquire more food . 11 "It :rs recommended I be authorized to use military stocks to feed United l<Jations ' displac ed y,ersons and persecutees the difference between the Austrian ration and the ration scale established by USFET for such classes of persons . I now have approximately 51 , 000 Unit ed Nations dis placed persons and persecutees in the U.S . Zone . It is estimated that · it wi l require about 500 tons food per month to meet this differential . " 7 * VIENLA--HAY 17 , 1946: 'l'oday is General and i.Irs . C1arlr 1 s 22nd anniversary . In order that the f ami }y might 'Je together on this day , Bill Clark arrived in Vienna early in the morning, much to his mother ' s surprise . General Clark had brealr..fast with his family , and at 0915 hours they heard a s:rec ial broadcast of the a ue Danube Network wishing the General and I.Irs . Clark many happy returns of the day . The General arrived at his office at 1000 hours and immediately saw Generals· Tate and i,,cLahon and Colonel Pesek on the final arrangements for the reception to be held at the Bristol Rote: this afternoon . After seeing I-ir . Erhardt , General Clark received General Sir Humphrey Gale, whom he knew in North Africa . General Ga 1 e is the second man in UhRRA, being the Director ' s representative in the ETO . General Clark conferred ,·fith General Ga] e and Brigadier Parminter until 1230 hours . Short] y after seeing General , ,cLahon , General CJ ark left his office for his villa where he had lunch vlith his famiJ y . At 1600 hours General and L1rs . CJ ark and Bill arrived at the Br1s:.ol �Hotel where they were joined b•r Ann, and at 1630 hours gave a reception for aJ 1 the officers ahd wives i n U' FA . 'l'he recertion l asted until 2000 hours and the guests totaled over 750 . At 2030 hours Genera and .,1rs • c1 ark , Ann and Bill boarded the Gener al ' s t rain to go to Hinterstoder for the weekend . Other guests in the party were Colonel and urs . Su 7 ivan , and Col onel and , irs . Howa:vd . VIENUA- - HAY 18, 946: G")neral ClarL' s train arrived at Hin, erstoder at 030 hours t .• is morning and , after having breakfast on the train , General C~ark accom;-anied by Ann went fishin 6 at 0900 . The party asser.ib ed for a picnic lunch and in the evening had dinner at the Genera], ' s small lodge . -r.- * VB TN.A--MAY 19, J 946: General Clark spont ti1.e morning fishing and boarded his private train at Hinterstoder at l 230 h01 rs at which time he departed for Vienna . te arrived in Vienna at 2030 hours and with his family went immediately to the vi1Ja . .Y.- * --,.'lilY 20, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and ir>..r1ediately cor1ferred v,i th General Tate concernine t11e rrogram outlined fort' e negro editors who wi 1 arrive at 1100 hours . At 1000 hovrs General Lei ahon saw General Clark and later General Haynns was called in to give the details on the Viar Crimes trials w~ich will be held at Salzbur.rt next week . General Haynes wi 1 J head tre co1,rt . Colonel Deutsch , who .recently returned from the States , called on the Genera] at 1 00 hovrs to pay his res1,ects and to give him recent inforrmtion he carried from General Gruenther . General.Daddy .,eems saw General Clark at 1145 hours and conferred with him until 1215 hours . · G-3neral 1:_eems is awaiting cJ earance to Pudapest where he wi head tx.e ACC for Hunrar7.r . After conferring with Genera 1 s Tate and , cMahon, General Clark had lunch in t'.:1e CG i.1ess in the, Bank Bui 1 ding , and at l/4JO hours received the three colored editors (Frank L . StanJey , LouisvHle Defender; Dowdal H. Davis , Editor of ransas City Star; 11i1Jiam O. '.,a ker , Cleveland ,jaJl & Post ) and Major Daniel Day , Hegre Interest Section, v:ar Derart..-ent , Bt reau of PubJ ic Re1ations , and he)d a short orientation until 1515 '1ours on the setup and r,rogress in At.stria . Short] y after the completion of the conference , General CJ ark left his office for his villa where he spent the remainder of the afternoon . VIEld, ( 1 At 1930 hours General Clark gave a cocktail party and dirmer at the Hote1 Bristol for the three editors after 1,h ch he returned to his vi 1 a where he s:,ent the night . * * VIEtHJA-- r.'.IAY 21 , 1946: General CJ ark arrived at h: s office at 0900 hours and immediately conferred with l,:r . Bess of the faturday Evening Post . At 0930 hours he saw CoJ onel f,ich concerning his personal hea 1 th and then saw General Tate and I~r . Erhardt on the agenda for the Exe i.:tive m'3eting . Colonel Grogan conferred with General CJark on the PRO setup and a]so on �some comp1 aints 1nhich Uss Peggy l·oore of INS had registered agains t the PRO setup . Colonel Lc.1Jean discussed some court martial cases at J 040 hol.rs ,,ith General Clark and at llOO hours the General 1 eft his office to receive General Steeie , the new British Commander in Austria, at an Honor Guard ceremony in f r ont of Headquarters . After the ceremony , General Clark esc or t ed General SteeJe to his office where they he]d a corference untiJ 1130 hours . On the departure of General Steele , General CJark received; essrs . L'lauriiio Coppini and hoberto Ga.ja . '.r . Coprini is the new Italian r'olitical Rerresentative to Austria . At 1220 hours General Weems ca1-1 ed to bid goodbye to Gener al Cl ark . General ·,veems is an old friend and cJassn ate of the General . fuiss Peg. r 1-oore conferred with the General at 1225 hours on the complaints whichshe had against the PRO setup in Vienna . Later Genera] L~cl.Tahon discussed severa nroblems vd th General Cl ark , and was followed by Colonel Grogan . The Gene ·a] left h- s office at 1300 hours and had 1 unch with r,:rs . CJ ark at the villa . In the evening General and .. rs . Cl ark and Ann were dinner guests of I r . and i.rs • r hardt . * * * * VIENNA, MAY 22, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours and immediately conferred with General Tate, who shortly afterwards brought in the Jewish Chaplain, Oscar Lifshutz, to discuss with the General matters pertaining to Jewish DPs. At 1000 hours the General saw Colonel Martin, G-1, and at 1005 hours Joe Israels, INS. Shortly afterwards he conferred with General McMahon. The General spent the remainder . of the morning on official correspondence and left his office at 1300 hours for his villa. After lunch at the villa, General Clark rested during the afternoon and with Mrs. Clark and .Ann was dinner guest at tpe home of Chancellor Figl. * VIENNA, MAY 2.3, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately saw General Tate. He conferred again with _General Tate at 1030 hours, as well as with General McMahon. The General had lunch at the Bank Building at 1300 hours and left for his villa at 1430 hours. General Cl ark sent the following message to Major General W.H. E. Poole, GOO, 6th SA Armored Div. London, Ret.P8725, SECRET: "Reference your conversation with Ladue suggest you communicate with Major General Alfred M. Gruenther Army and Navy Staff College, Washington, District of Columbia. You will remember him as my Chief of Staff in Italy. 11 New subject. I am leaving on a trip which will take me away for about three weeks. Is it possible to foll!Cast date of Field Marshal Smuts I visit? A date sometime after 18 June will find me in Vienna and at which time I would be delighted to have the Field Marshal visit me.It The f~llowing paraphrase was forwarded to General Clark from telegram 509 • , SECSTATE to AUSPOLAD VIENNA (confidential): �"In discussion which the Department held recently looking toward the post UNRRA needs of certain European countries, Austria of those countries requiring some free relief in 1947 was considered. Your early correction and comments are requested on provisional prospectus of Austrian foreign exchange position and import requirements in 1947 · founded on the supposition of a partial settlement of outstanding dip• lomatic questions which follows: ti.Medical supplies 5 million dollars; footwear and clothing 10 million; coal 28 million; agricultural supplies .30 million; industrial r aw materials 95 million; capital goods replacement 15 million; allowance for freight 10 million; total estil.mated minimum import needs 255 mil· lion. "Food import requirements which are based on supposition domestic production 15.30 calories per person and normal consumer ration 2000 calories calculated as follows: sugar 15000 mt (2. 1 million); wheat 4.30,000 mt (dollars 30 .l); fats .31,000 mt (dollars 10.9 million); pulses 100,000 mt (19 million); total food 576,000 mt (62. l million) . There is no meat included. Domestic meat supplies estimated should furnish .30% prewar consumption of meat . ( ( "Following is the estimation of balance of payments position: in 1947 Austrian exports should approach one half the value of her im• ports excluding food, that is, 96 million dollars. Six million dollars assets· frozen in the u.s~; possible Export-Import Bank loan 25 million dollars; estimated 5 million dollars in remittances; and 5 million gold held in London are ot her possible means of financing. As yet no bank loan has been appli ed for and the amount suggested ia eypothetical en• tirely. A residual deficit of 118 million dollars is left, a deficit for which there is now in view no mearu!i of financ~g . " Byrnes . * * '* * VIENNA, MAY 24, 1946: General Clark arrived at .his office at 0830 hours and saw General Tate, who briefed him on the Allied Council meeting to be held later this morning. At 0930 hours Mr. Erhardt conferred with the Gen~ral . At 1000 hours he saw Mr. Erhardt again with Mr . James Riddleberger, who is chief of .the Central European :Desk in the State De• partment. At 10.30 hours the General left for the Allied Council meet- · ing which lasted until 1330 hours . Shortly afterwards he had a press conference and then left for his villa. General Clark sent the following letter to Glenn Neville of the New York Mirror, New York City, in reply to Mr. Neville's letter of May 9 with which he enclosed an edition of the Mirror which summarized General Clark's work in Vienna, and which was published in all Hearst papers from coast to coast: "My sincere appreciation for your interest in sending me a copy of the Thursday, May 9th, edition of the New York Mirror. The ~rticle concerning your visit to Vienna was most encouraging and we are grateful for the thoughts you expressed in it. 11 "It was indeed a pleasure having you with us on your recent trip �( and I hope that we may meet again in the not too distant future." General Clark sent the following letter to Major Gen. Charles L. Bolte, Headquarters A:rrny Ground Forces, Army War College, Washington in reply to his of May 13: "I was happy to receive your letter of 13 May and the General Orders listing several unit citations. "I trust that the recommendation for the 10th Mountain Division will get under the wire and secure recognition for their fine work in Italy. "Despite time spent in tackling many problems, while I hold the Chair in the Allied Commission this month, I have been able to enjoy thoroughly the reunion of my immediate family here in Vienna. Bill, my son, is doing Infantry troop duty in one of Harry Collins' units." General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff Ref. P 8752, SECRET: "Reference is made to Paragraph 3 your message WAR 87739. I have discussed the subject of Austrian Food Supply for June with General Gale, Head of UNRRA, London, and Brig. Parminter, Austrian UNRRA Chief, and they have given me their best estimate of UNRRA food supplies de• finitely in sight for June feeding. These amount to approximately 27,000 tons. This added to indigenous supplies reported available by the Aus• trian Government will provide for the entire month of June for all of Austria between 700 and 800 calories for the normal consumer. I revealed for the first t ime to Gale and Parminter that I had a reserve and that I would be willing to turn over a part of it to UNRRA in order to raise the June ration. They both promised to keep this information secret, and at my request Parminter immediately sent a letter to me as Chairman of the Allied Council requesting the occupation powers to loan UNRRA about 15,000 tons of supplies to raise the ration to ' approximatel y 1000 calories. 11 initial plan in requesting Parm.inter to give me this request was to attempt to squeeze part of the deficit 1 from the British and Soviets. Informal discussions with Soviets indicates they are unwilling to contribute anything. British hope to make some contribution. The Soviets .immediately seized upon the occasion to demand the creation of Quadri· partite miss ions to operate in all zones to check on available food supplies, with the accusation that the Austrians are hiding food, particularly in the u.s. Zone. In the light of previous experience in utilizing Quadripartite groups for examining any matter, nothing but confusion and false accusations wil l result _from such a procedure in this case. 11 My "Last night I talked at length with Chancellor Figl regarding the food situation. He and his people have convinced me that all steps are being taken by the Austrian Government to squeeze the last indigenous resources from the farmers without destroying the future food economy of the �country. "I plan to call upon the other powers in ~lied Council Meeting 24 May for contributions to meet the 15,000 ton deficit, realizing no contributions will he made by Soviets and little by the British. I will immediately turn over to UNRRA the balance of the 15,000 tons they have requested, and even more should my observations of the food situation in Austria make it necessary during the month of June. "Gale and Parminter both are most anxious that I not turn over my entire reserves at this time, as July is going to be another critical month with rail and coal strikes in the United States presenting uncertainties in deliveries of food supplies promised for Austria. "Gale and Parminter are in complete accord with my intentions and I believe we can by this way just about get by with the food situation in Austria until the next harvest, with greater credit redounding to the United States Government's contribution to UNRRA. I propose to work closely with them. ( ''I am absolutely convinced from information I have gathered and from propaganda the Soviets are beginning to use through the Communist Party here that the Soviets are standing by with large stocks of food hoping to create a crisis ta the embarrassment of the Western Allies, UNRRA, and the Austrian Government. Such a food situation in Austria is an ideal breeding ground for creating dissension,- confusion, and hate, which communism thrives upon. I am also convinced we must not give the Soviets this opportunity they seek. I hope that by my plan we can handle the situation." * * * VIENNA, MAY 25, 1946: The General. arrived at his office at 0900 hours. After conferring with General Tate he worked on official correspondence until 0950 hours at which t:une he left for British Headquarters to ca~l on General Steele, the new Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Austria. Returning to his headquarters at 1030 hours he attended a ceremony in the Conference Room of the Bank Building at which time he decorated and promoted several of the officers in his headquarters. Mr. Bourgin of Time and Life magazines called on the General at 1045 hours. At lll5 hours General Clark saw Colonel Grogan and at 1145 hours Mr. Norgard of PRS. At 1150 hours he conferred with Generals McMahon ·and Tate and afterwards left for his villa ·where he spent the afternoon resting. Later he prepared for his trip to Italy. At 1745 hours the General and Mrs. Clark ~nd Ann went to the 110th Hospital to see Captain Luther , and then at• tended a cocktail party at Colonel Flory•~. The General~s family boarded the train at Meidling Station at 1900 hours for departure for Venice. Among the guests on the trip to Venice were Mr . and Mrs . Erhardt, Captain and Mrs . Winterhaler, Colonel Pesek, Colonel Ozment. After a buffet dinner aboard the train the General's party saw a movie and then retiredo The General sent the following message to JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF , pass to State Department, Ref. P 8836 SECRET: �111. At Allied Council meeting 24 M ay, General Kurasov represented Mars'hal Konev and General Cherriere represented General Bethouart. New British Commander General Steele was present. "2. _Two items were removed from the agenda on request of Soviets and not discussed. One covered reduction of troops as result of my statement of U.S. policy at meeting 25 April. French and British had previously approved policy in Executive Committee. Soviets would not dis• cuss on grourds subject ou~side their competence. Other item covered free use o:£ air space over Austria by all powers. Soviets pref er to continue present arrangement of bilateral agre~ments. British, French, and American elements desired to discuss item. But in view Soviet attitude, subject was dropped from agenda. Kurasov promised me he would discuss subject at early Commander in Chief's informal conf,erence. ( 11 3. Food situation for June was discussed. Austrian Food Minister presented report wbicp revealed that available indigenous supplies and UNRRA receipts would provide not more than 700 to 800 calories daily for normal consumers. This report was confirmed by statement of Brigadier P~rminter, UNRRA chief. After much discussion, in which Soviets attempted to force a resolution which obviously was intended to embarrass UNRRA and the Austrian ,Government and Western Allies i f they did not provide 1200 calories for June, which resolution was not adopted, I pressed the other Commanders to contribute more food to raise t he ration to at. least 1000 calories. After much maneuvering, Soviets finally agreed to contribute 7500 tons. French stated they had hopes that about 7000 tons of additional food would arrive about 20 June. This French contribution if it ever arrives will not affect June ration as it requires at least · 10 days to distribute food after it arrives in Austria. British stated they would do everything possible to contribute, but at the present time they could make no firm commitments. I agreed to contribute 15,000 tons from my stocks. If Soviets live up to their agreement t he ration will not be below 1,000 calories per day for the month. It was also agreed that Austrian Government should make full use of indigenous food to increase t he ration to provide as near as possible the approved ration scale of 1200 calories. To ensure that full advantage is taken of in• digenous supplies, the Cotincil approved a resolution estal?lishing in each Zone a mission consisting of a representative of the occupying power, UNRRA, and the Austrian Government. This mission is charged with locating and reporting any hidden indigenous stocks. Soviets attempted to establish quadripartite missions for this purpose. British, French and American el ements vetoed such a proposal. 11 ery. 4. Unanimous agreement was reached on draft of new control machinDetails are being-forwarded in separate message. "5. The Council agreed on certain proposals to expedite prosecution of election fraud cases and Nazi criminals. "6. The Council agreed to. send a delegation to negotiate with the German Control Council on exchange of Austrian electric power for German produced coal. Soviets accepted resolution with understanding that Soviets would not send member, as matter did not concern Soviet Zoneo , �"7. A resolution was adopted which places all Austrian railroads under control of Ministry of Transport. · This is a definite step forward in turning over to Aus trians management own affairs. 11 8. In general, meeting was harmonious. Desire of Soviets to make political capital of food situation was only major point of difference. This was effectively blocked by British, French and American Elements. Soviets made some major concessions in arriving at agreement on draft control machinery." General . Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to SECSTATE, Ref. No. P-8882 SECRET: ( ( "I note with apprehension Cable 1969 from Secstate to Paris dated 29 April (repeated to Erhardt as 424) and the protracted uncertainties likely to result. I am faced immediately with the problem of continuing the operation of industries in the US zone which are deemed essential to the Austrian economy but which may be subject to reparations claims by the Western Powers as wholly or in part German external assets. In important cas~s such industries need. refinancing but the uncertain character of their assets as a result of potent:id. reparations claims prevents them from obtaining bank lo.a ns. Also redeployment makes it increasingly difficult to maintain close surveillance over the operations of such industries. I must either permit plants of this kind to close down, with resulting unemployment and detriment to the Austrian economy, or find promptly an appropriate means to finance and continue operating them. "A case in immediate question is the Steyr-Daimler-Puch A.G., original.y an Austrian automobile factory expanded some ten times by the Germans for war production. Present capital is Reichsmarks 80,000,000 and bonded indebtedness another 80,000,000. 51% of the shares are owned by Bank der Deutschen Luftfahrt, Berlin; and seem clearly German foreign assets. Ownership of remaining shares uncertain but probably largely German and t he exact location of shares themselves is unknown. Ownership of outstanding bonds .uncertain. Company has largest installation in US zone with important plants in British zone; has branches also in Soviet zone but equipment now removed from these. Plants in US ,zone have been maintained in operation around a US ordnance program which is now completed. Installations of rthe company in US and British zones can produce importantly for Austrian civilian needs, but this will requi re operational financing which banks refuse because of probable reparations character of majority of assets. ' "One possible solution might be to ask the Austrian Government to maintain the Steyr plants in operation, giving that govt assurance that those parts of the Steyr factories in the US zone which it deems essential to the Austrian economy wil l not be removed as reparations (this does not affect removals for restitutions purposes). I would thus be giving the Austrian Govt explicit assurance that reparations claims from German foreign assets in US zohe wil l not be taken in kind where it is agreed that those assets are essential to the Austrian economy and that if and when demand is made for reparations from such assets it can be met from equival ent values. I might secretly assure the Austrian Govt that the US intends to waive its claim to German foreign assets in the western zones of Austria, and to use its good offices to induce the other western powers to do likewise. �"If I took this course I might further propose that the Austrian Govt act as a contractor for operating the Steyr Works, paying a reason• able fee to the stockholders for the use of their property and thereafter taking such profit or losses as may result from the Plant's operation for the Govt•s own account. I could probably protect my position as custodian for the rep~rations claimants by appropriate liaison with the operational management and by suitable assurances from the Austrian Govt. "I do not know that the Austrian Govt will accept a proposal of this kind but believe they must cooperate with me to prevent further decline in the economic level. Such assurances appear to agree with US policy as outlined in the State Dept's 316 of 16 Nov 19'45. "Although the foregoing might solve the difficulties of the Steyr plant, it must be emphasized that many other Austrian industries in my zone present similar problems. Some 50% of Austria's industry is in the western zones of occupation, and of this perhaps 65% or more is pot• . entially liable to reparations claims. It is very doubtful that the Austrian G:>vt has either the funds or the organization to operate aey considerable number of these plants during the interim period in which we are endeavoring to negotiate an international position on reparations claims (SECSTATE to Paris, rptd as 424 to Vienna Apr 29.) C "It is not knov,n to what extent the proper application of the London Declaration on forced transfers would restore to Austrian ownership industries presently labeled as German. It is clear however that a very large segment of industry in Austri~ would revert to the Austrian State if reparations cl aims were ~aived, and this would in effect bring pressure on the State to nationalize such former German acc:tn18.ls. The State and War Depts may therefore wish to consider alternative means of maintaining in operation industries liable to reparations claims. 11 A plan which I favor most strongly and which has .been worked ou~ in detail here for a proposed reorganization of the Steyr Wer~e would place Allied Representatives on their top Board of Directors in somewhat the same fashion as the Allied Control Commission for Germany has done in Spain. This plan· might serve as a pattern for other industries. It contemplates formation of a new company in which I and my Brit colleague would presently exercise all the rights evidenced by the 51% of capital stock now standing in the name of the Bank der Deutschen Luftfahrt. At present the old company has no top Board of Directors. All its activities are car ried out by a local Board of Management under Property Control Officers. If I follow this plan I would, in cooperation with my British dolleague, reconstitute a top ·Board of Directors in the new company upon which each of us would be represented. I would also invite the Austrian Govt to name representatives to this Board with the proviso that the Austrian Directors should thereafter be elected at regular stockholders' meetings. "As between myself and my Brit colleague I would work out an arrangement under which I would have the right to vote for both of us on all purely local matters of administration and operations affeating the �plants in my zone, according him a like privilege on all such matters in the Brit zone. "Although we would thus for the time being be in a position to exercise complete control of this corporation through the majority stock, we must recognize three important factors: first, the company immediately requires a substantial amount of working capital. Second, there are likely to be a number of claims and disputes as to ownership rights in the old company which probably cannot be determined without protracted negotiation. Third, I assume that neither my Govt nor the Brit Govt would wish us to _maintain a permanent stock position in any Apstrian corporation. "For purpos~ of discussion I classify these J stock positions as investors stock, claimants stock, and reparations stock. "Admittedly Austria is suffering from a purchasing power in the hands of her people far in excess of the amount required to maintain economic activity at present levels and prices . The draining off of this excess purchasing power into the capital structures of Austrian industries would serve in a large measure to reduce inflation pressure, and I feel that, for that reason i f noreother, the money needed by Steyr should come from the savings of the Austrian people rather than from the burdened governmental exchequer. It follows that our reorganization plans should make attractive provi sion for the investment of the Austrian people. · "I would try to accomplish this through an agreement with the reorganized corporation that the reparations claimants should accept a stock position less than the 51% which it appears we could maintain. I would make an appraisal of all the assets which are to go into the _ reorganized corporation and an estimate as to the amount of probabie · claims. I would encourage the reorganized corporation to set aside suf• ficient stock to cover the likelihood that claimants would welcome stock in the reaganized corporation in satisfaction of their claims . The 'total stock position set aside for the claimants would probably not need to exceed 33 l/'M, and if the reparation claimants agree to accept a like position, there would be a block of 33 1/3% available for the investors. 11 We could avoid the maintanance of a permanent stock position in this corporation and offer further inducement to investors by entering into an agreement with t~e reorganized company granting to the investors an option to purchase one share of reparations stock for each share of investors stock they initially purchase. This option could extend over a p~riod of years long enough to permit the reorganized company to become well established. The price would be expressed in dollars and would be worked out with fair regard to the value of the assets turned into the reorganized company and the stock position which I might be entitled to insist upon for the reparations claimants. "I should like to point out that this company is probably the most important producer of ball bearings which the Allies propose to allow to remain in occupied Europe, and that the export of such bearings should bring substantial foreign exchange into Austrian hands. Therefore, it appears quite likely that, over a period of years, if the business is successful, the company stockholders will be placed in a position to exercise the option. The reparations claimants would then receive sub• stantial returns which would not repeat not be a burden upon the Aus• trian economy. If the business is not successful, the reparations clai mants are no worse off than at present. �( . "Since this matter is one of great urgency, I am taking steps to put this plan in oper ation. Informal discussions have been held between members of my staff ahd the Brit Foreign Office in London and I have reason to believe that the plan will have Brit concurrence. Erhardt concurs in plan11 · General Clark sent the following letter to Col. General L. Kurasov, Deputy Commander, · Soviet Forces Austria:: · v. I should like to take this opportunity to thank you for your letter of 24 May and for your prompt consideration of my request for straightline routes for American aircraft infl.ying over Soviet-occupied Austria. This eliminates waste and uncertainty in attempting to fly a dog- leg course . I am sure you appreciate that in flying corridors and air routes emergencies may arise wherein aircraft in distress due to weather or mechanical trouble may be forced to deviate from such routes or corridors . This is one of the chief reasons I hope you will join the British, French and Americans in establishing free air transit over all of Austria for aircraft of the Quadripartite powers. The United States proposal now before the Allied Council recognizes and provides for such emergencies . 11 .Another point we need early agreement on is the manner of clear• ing aircraft to fly over Austria. The value of the airplane is largely nullified by placing time clearance restrictions on its use. The airplane is useful chiefly because it saves time, can take off on short notice, and arrive at destinations long before other means of transit . This is not the case, however, when aircraft clearance restrictions are imposed. The air proposal now before the Council provides for routine clearance procedure in which aircraft may be cleared by filing a flight plan which gives all the details of the flight . In this manner air• craft can be dispatched to carry out important missions in the matter of minutes, thus exploiting the usefulness of air transportation. As you know, this system of clearance is already in effect in all except the Soviet-occupied Zone of Austria. Your approval of the U.S. proposal would make aircraft clearance procedure uniform throughout Austria. "If you will agree to the free use of the air space over Austria · with routine clearance procedure, I am prepared to agree to the im. mediate reestablishment of the Austrian Meteorologic Service to support such flying. 11 11 VENICE, MAY 26, 1946: The General's train arrived at Venice at 1015 hours where the General was met by Brigadier Eve, British Commander of the Venice Area, and Colonel Hume. The King of Italy's .motor launch was waiting in the Grand Canal to take the General's party to the hotel Royal Danieli. After an hour.•s walk around St. Mark's Square, the General's family had lunch in the hotel with Mr. and Mrs . Erhardt, Captain and Mrs. Winterhaler, Commander Musmanno and Captain Jordan. In the afternoon, the. General visited various places of interest, in- . eluding Lido Island. At 2000 hours the guide took the General's family to a fish dinner in a small cafe one block off the Grand Canal . After dinner the General returned to the hotel and retired . �WAR for WARCOS, info to USFET, sent the following telegram Ref. No. P-8879, SECRET: I ( I "Your attention invited to fact that great majority of remaining UN DPs have failed to avail themselves of repeated opportunities for repatriation. Such opportunities are still available. Proposed regulation directed at those who are remaining in Austria and are accepting gratuitous support rather than return to their homes or become self-supporting civilians in Austria. "It is therefore proposed that United Nations Displaced Persons be brought into the general labor market and be available for all types of. employment in which they will use their previous knowledge, training and general aptitude. Specific answers are.: 11 a) Employers may be Allies. or Austrians, "b) Work will be offered within the capabilities and fitness of the individual. Hours and working conditions are regulated by very liberal Austrian laws and will include all types of agricultural and industrial occupations. Employment is the regular, normal type such as is open to any Austrian citizen. , "c) Wages paid will be standard and legally established wage scales based on occupation,skill and length of service. Rations will be in the same amount as received by Austrians, . · 11 d) Payment will be made in standard Schilling currency. . Money received will not be blocked in any way and can be spent to the extent that civilian goods are availali3 or as the recipient desires. Present limited foreign exchange condition of Austria makes conversi9n of Schillings into foreign -currency, at time of repatriation, impossible." General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, . pass to State Department, Ref. No. P-8883, SECRET: 1. Ref your WAR 87896. According to reference message, coal supply is now a responsibility of UNRRA and Austrian Govt. Present capabilities as stated by UNRRA Austria show no immediate solution to problem. UNRRA Austria Mission states unable to assume responsibility for furnishing coal. Studies on readjustment of UNRRA program show no funds available procurement this essential commodity. Austrian Govt with no foreign exchange, barter deals based on Austrian prQduction and uncertain negotiations with Germany on exchange electric power for coal can produce nothing tangible at present. Furthermore, other Allied powers here have not receivetl information that supply of all items formerly imported thru their military channels for civil use is now responsibility of UNRRA. This places US element at great disadvantage if UNRRA is unable to meet ouf needs in US zone. 11 2. In the case of hard fuels, following is estimate of Austrian needs of hard coal• Coke import repeat import requirements and forecast of possible imports: · • a. Minimum requirements; Seven months (70% of 1937 imports) 1 1 400,000 tons Average monthly 2,000,000 tons b. Barter and Relief Deliveries in prospect .: Country type of transaction Tons Czech remaining on old barter deal 3,000 11 Poland remaining on 25,000 gift to UNRRA" 11,000 Hungary Part· of new barter deal 14,440 11 ( �Czech Part of new barter deal 5,000 Poland Barter deal pending 300,000 German Barter of electricity See Prospects I and II below. Prospect I. If ACA agreed formula on trade . terms is accepted, 518,000 tons may be secured. On assumption present allocation level is maintained. Prospect II. If conference with An/Germany results in compromise whereby only 1/2 of #!l is secured, 259,000 tons may be secured. · "c. Total imports in prospect: (1) If Prospect I (Barter of electricity) is completed, total for next 7 months might be 851,440 tons (333,440 plus 518,000). Average monthly will be 121,634 tons. (2) Total imports if Prospect II above is completed; Total for next 7 months might be 591,440 tons (333,440 . plus 259,000). Average monthly will be 84,491 tons. "d. · Deficits in prospect depending whether Prospect I or II of pending deal with Germany are completed: (1) Based on para c (1) above, total for 7 months will be 548,560 toos. Average monthly deficit will be 78,366 tons. (2) Based on para c (2) above (compromise formula) total for 7 months will be 808,56o tons. Average monthly deficit will be 115,509 tons. ( ( 11 3. Both Polish an:i German deals are very uncertain as to immediate - tangible results. Polish signature (Poles apparently awaiting reorganization of private Austrian distribution agency) and Allied Commission approval necessary. Deal will be introduced to Trade Committee around 28 May. If thisdeal is consumated promptly, it will be several weeks before any of this coal can be delivered to Austria. Some doubt exists on outcome negotiation with German control group on exchange electricity for coal. Considerable delay in settlement this matter, as US element Germany (BR and FR also) has no directive yet to allow barter deals. No deliveries from this source likely for some months. 11 4. My studied opinion is that present system of procurement allocation and- distribution of coal by military is vital to prevent economic breakdown and consequent chaos. Request authority to maintain status quo of present fuel imports by military until such time as UNRRA is capable of taking over." * * * VENICE, MAY 27, 1946: After breakfast at 0830 hours the General went riding in a gondola for about one hour, followed by the motor launch which later • carried him shopping to a linen store. At 1100 hours he met the cars and left by motor for Florence. General Clark and his party stopped for lunch one mile north of Ravico, Italy, and then continued to Florence by way of Bologna, arriving in Florence at the Excelsior Hotel at 1730 hours where they spent the night. * * * �l23 FLORENCE, MAY 28, 1946: The -General had breakfast in his suite at 1000 hours and later went shopping. In the afternoon -he moved to the villa of Countess Rasponi where he lived the remainder of his stay in Florence. The General and his familz were dinner guests o~ the Rasponi's at 2000 hours after which he returned to the villa and retired. * * FLORENCE, MAY 29, 1946: The General had breakfast on the lawn of the · villa at 1000 hours. During the morning he had a conference with Mr. Robert Low of Time and Life Magazines, and Colonel Grogan, who accom• panied Mr. Low and party from Rome. Mr. Low, Mr. and Mrs . Farbman, also of Time and Life, were luncheon guests at the villa. After lunch the General had an informal conference with Mr . Low, who is writing an article on him for Time, and posed for t he artist, Annigone. The General and his family were dinner guests of Mr, and Mrs . Sartori this evening. General Clark received the following message from Field Marshal Smuts, Ref. No. P-724: warm thanks for your kind invitation to Vienna. I regret however that I shall have to leave here before you return to Vienna and shall ·t herefore _go direct to Rome . My best wishes and many thanks for your many acts of friendship.' 8 1izy' * * FLORENCE, MAY 30, 1946: The General had breakfast at 0900 hours and at 0930 posed for one hour for the sculptor Berti and at the same time had an informal conference with Mr. Low. At 1000 hours the General was escorted to the u.s. Military Cemetery at Castelfiorentino for a Memorial Day ceremony, arriving there at 1105 hours . After a short talk by Colonel Oxx, Commanding Officer of the Peninsula Base Section, the General made the following address: · - ( nWhen the Fifth Army landed on Italian soil almost three years ago, I said that our invasion was one of liberation and not of conquest. ' We had no desire to take anything from the Itali~ people; we wanted no goods, no money, no land . All we asked was a little bit of ground in which to bury our glorious dead. "Here at Castelfiorentino is a bit of that ground . It is sacred ground . Here lie buried many of the gallant men who made the supreme sacrifice . This is a solemn moment as we pause .here this morning to PSY. homage to these men who have died in order to make this world se- ' cure for the peace and freedoms we cherish and bought so dearly . •It is well at this time to reflect, in the memory of the men who rest in this hallowed ground, that the sacrifice they have made was impelled by the sa.~e peace-loving and freedom-loving spirit that brought our nation into the war with our Allies and which was climaxed by the smashing of those mad dogs whose evil forces foolishly sought to conquer the world . 11 1 particularly mention our Allies because the Italian campaign was so thoroughly representative of the unity of thought and action �( that motivated our every move in bringing about the first unconditional surrender of the Nazis in the war. "It was representative because the Fifth Army and Fifteenth Army Group, which I had the honor to command on the road to ultif.mate victory, consisted of Americans, British, Canadian, New Zealand, South African, Australians, Brazilian, French, Polish, Indian, Greek, Palestinian, and Italian troops and Partisans . "Those troops of many races, colors and creeds formed a mighty combination that victorious.J:y battled almost insurmountable odds • tenacious enemy resistance, formidable terrain, and most trying weather conditions - to completely crush the Nazi legions , Never was there,· in my opinion, a more striking illustration of the need and presence of international cooperation and understanding. 11 I further believe that today, as the peace is being writt~n, the achievements of our truly international fighting force in Italy may well be accepted as an example of what such cooperation and understanding among nations can and must bring about. 11 It is so vitally necessary that the nations of the world today share and work toward the same purposeful objective that was constantly in evidence during the long, hard days of the war. · 1 11 The peace and freedom for which we fought and for which the gall ant men whose memory and deeds we are honoring today died, must · be secured . Let us not deviate even momentarily from the same unity of thought and action that guided our efforts to final victory . We must accept !b.ll unity as the beacon to light our way to a sound, ever• lasting peace for all the peoples of the W9rld . 11 And so I say in tribute to our comrades who have fallen and who rest in eternal sleep today, your glories and sacrifices Jdll always glow on the pages of history. We , the living, shall not fail in our task to write a peace worthy of the sacrifice you have made . " After the address, both he and Colonel Oxx placed a wreath at the foot of the flag . Following the ceremony, General Clark decoratedthe gravE'S of Major General Donald w:. Brann and Lt . Colonel John Walker . The General returned to the villa for lunch, while JVirs . Clark and Ann went on a short sightseeing trip to Pisa. General Clark was dinner guest of Mr . Carini. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff pass to State Department, Ref. No . P-9098, SECRET: Ref is made to my message P- 8883 and your WAR 87896. Follov,ing is text of letter received by me today from Bri gadier Parminter, Chief of UNRRA Mission Austria: · 'The purpose.cf this letter is to bring to your attention certain facts concerning the allocations for coal within the UNRRA budget for Austria • . 'The UNRRA Mission to Austria has been advised of a statement made to you by the War Dept. to the effect that the UNRRA program for Austria would cover essential relief and rehabilitation items, including coal . At the same time this Mission is assured that no extra funds · will be available for coal above and beyom the present budget . 11 �_, 'This budget has now been tentatively set at a sum of $91,000,000 to cover the period from the beginning of UNRRA operations in Austria to the close of its program at the end of 1946. As $59,000,000 out of this total has already been allocated, and a further $10,000,000 committed, it will be seen that no more than $22,000,000 are available to meet all UNRRA expenditures of whatever nature for the second half 1of the pres·ent calendar year. 'I regret that my advices are not clear concerning the precise intent of the War Dept's cable to you. As you will recall that the $59,000,000 budget for UNRRA operations up to 30 June 1946 included only $2,000,000 for the,procurement of fuels, it is obvious that as to coal even the minimum relief needs of Austria are in no sense met by the UNRRA program. 'Likewise, I need hardly assure you of the serious implications which I must draw from the inferences to be re"ad in my advices from Washington that coal I procured by the United States Forces in Austria should be taken over by UNRRA as a part of the relief program. Inasmuch as the other Elements of the Al.lied Council for Austria have not to my knowledge been approached in this matter, or notified of any propooed cessation of military coal shipments, the effect of an UNRRA purchase of coal procured for the u.s. Zone would necessarily be either to subsidize with UNRRA funds the hard fuel procurement of a single ·zone at the expense of the rest of the country or, in the alternative, to distribute ~oal equally throughout Austria, with a proportionate failure to meet the needs of the American zone. 'Since UNRRA H.Q. in Washingtdn S(:)ems to assume that you wo1. ld . procure coal for UNRRA on such a reimbursable basis, I have dispatched a cable to bring forcefully to their attention the fact that no alternative in the UNRRA fuel program for .A.ustria could be made without the approval of the Austrian Government and the Allied Council. In addition, I have expressed therein my view that the remaining $22,000,000 of the tentative budget for the second half of the calendar year 1946 is insufficient to cover even basic food requirements, and that the alloca• tion of any funds within that sum for the procurement of coal is not to be considered. I have therefore stated my opinion that the very limited nature of the UNRRA relief and rehabilitati.on program for Austria (which in its present form can in fact only be supplemental to ·the overall economic responsibility of the Allied Council) necessarily precludes our importing into -1&.ustria the total relief needs of the country apart from food. I have also assured them that the Jllied Council is party to this understarding. 1.As I have advised Washington that· I am taking no action until I receive further instructions, I should be grateful to receive your views cor cerning this position.• llI am withholding reply to Parminter until after I receive reply to my P-8883 • " * * �( FLORENCE, MAY 31., 1946: The General had breakfast on the front porch at 1000 hours and after posing for the artist and sculptor f or one hour went to the Platzo Vecchio where he and Mrs . · Clark and Ann signed the Golden Book of Florence. After the ceremony the GeneraJ. was -luncheon guest of Mrs . J\.tyron c. Taylor at her villa and later in the afternoon he called on Mr. Berensono * FLORENCE, JUNE 11946: After breakfast General Clark prepar ed for a motor trip to Rome. He posed for one hour for the sculptor and left for Rome at 1100 hours . At 1300 hours the General ' s party stopped for a picnic lunch along the countryside. Arriving in Rome, the General went directly to the Hotel Excelsior and remained there throughout the evening . * * * * ROME, JIDIB 2, 1946: Since this was election day , the General felt it advisable not to go around much in the streets . He and his family had a private audience with the Holy Father at 1200 hours . Arrange• ments for t he audience were made by Mr . Gowan, who had lunch with the General at the - hotel at 1400 hours . In the afternoon the General and Mrs . Clark took a short drive to some of the places of interest . * * * * ROME, JUNE 3, 1946: In the morning the General visited Vatican City, notinc particularly the recent excavations there . He returned to the hotel for lunch after which he went shopping for a couple of hours . The rest of the day was spent sightseeing, and t he evening was spent at the hotel . Brigadier R. H. R. Parmi nter, Chief of UNRRA Mission to Austria , sent t he following letter to General Clark: r have received a cable from the Director General of UNRRA, he asks .me to convey to you his warmest appreciation of your most.cooperative and helpful act~on in loaning to UNRRA the 17 , 193 tons of foodstuffs so that the rations for June in Austria could be maintained at a reasonable level. 11 1 should like very· much to add my own most grateful thanks for this most opportune aid ." 0 Mr . F. Laguardia , in which * * * * ROME , JUNE 4, 1946: The General learned that General McMahon and Colonel Paxson were flying down from Vienna on· some very important business . They arrived at 1730 hours and conferred with him immediately . The General was late to the cocktail party given by Colonel Dasher at his home in honor of the General from 1800 to 2000 hours . After the party the General and his family were dinner guests of the British Ambassador to Italy, N. H. H. Charles, Bart ., KCMG, M:: . �- General Tate sent the following letter t o Col . General L. V. Kurasov, Soviet Deputy Commander, on behalf of General Clark: 11 It was for me a sad surprise to learn this morning of the de cease of the great statesman of the Soviet Union, President Kalinin. We had all become accustomed to regard him for so many years as a symbol of the greatness and progress of the great nation which you represent . . 11 0n behalf of General Clark, who is absent from Vienna, I wish to extend to you my sincere condolence upon this loss, and to as sure you again of my personal friendship in our joint efforts here and of my sincere good wishes for the continued progress of your country 11 • · * * * * ROME, JUNE 5, 1946: After an early breakfast , the General left Rome at 0930 hours for Capri . He motored by way of Cassino and arrived at Caserta at 1230 hours where he was luncheon guest of Lt . General H. c. Lee . General Morgan, Supreme Allied Commander of AFHQ, also attended the luncheon . Following the luncheon, the General went directly t'o the docks in Naples where the crash boat was waiting to take him to the Isle of Capri . He arrived at the Isle at 1730 hours and went to the Villa Unghia Marina where he settled down for a week's rest . - ( * * * CAPRI, JUNE 6, 1946: The . General slept late and had breakfast at 1000 hours, after a swim in the Mediterranean-. He went fishing for a couple of hours and then returned to the villa for lunch . In the afternoon he drove up to Anacapri with Mrs . Cl.ark and Ann. The evening was spent quietly at home . J . H. Richter of the Department of Agriculture sent t he following letter to General Clark: "It gives me great pleasure to •inform you that the official re quest by the Secretary of War to the Secretary of Agriculture asking for my services as adviser assigned to US.ACA has been received today . "My Department has consented to my transfer . At the same time , I am informed , the War Department ' s request for the services of Mrs . Richter has also gone forward . Our cases wil l be processed without delay, and it is estimated that we shall be leaving for Vienna early in July . I have kept Major General Gruenther informed of developments . "We a:ve l,ooking forward with great interest and much pleasure to our assignments with USACA and hope to contribute our share in helping carry the workload at your Headquarters . n1 should like to express my deep and sincere appreciation of your confidence which I shall endeavor to justify to the best of my ability•" * * * �CAPRI, JUNE 7, 1946:. After breakfast the General hiked up to Anacapri with Colonel Sullivan . Mrs . Clark and the remainder of the party joined him later when they vi.sited the museum home of Dr . Alex Munthe . They had ltu1ch at the local restaurant after which the General walked back to the villa where he spent the remainder of the day . * * * * CAPRI , JUNE 8, 1946: After breakfast ; the General left Capri for Sorrento by crash boat for a ceremony at 1000 hours . The purpose of the ceremony was to confer an honorary citizenship of Sorrento on him . After the ceremony he and his party drove to Ravello f or lunch . After lunch they continued on to Salerno for a short ceremony there . This ceremony was to inform the General that an honorary citizenship of Salerno would be conferred upon him on Salerno Day , which is September 9. The crash boat was waiting at the docks of Salerno to take him and his party back t o Capri . There he had dinner at his villa and spent a quiet evening at home . Colonel General Kurasov , Soviet Element , sent the follov,ing letter to General Clark : 11 The road Vienna-Tulln along the Danube River is excessively overloaded with Soviet and Austrian transport . Additional traffic on this road will make it impossible to maintain the necessary regulations to avoid accidents. and casualties· which have already re peatedly taken place on this part of the road . "Therefore , I regret that I find it impossible to permit traffic of American transport on this road . "I presume that the Vienna- Purkersdorf•Ried- Tulln r oad , which was placed at your disposal not so long, ago , and which does not exceed in length the road for which you are now asking, will fully take care of American transport . it · Colonel General Kurasov., Soviet Element , sent the following letter to General Clark: 11 The information received by you concerning the accounts of the Soviet Oil Management with the firms controlled by it , which are in the Soviet Zone of occupation, does not quite correctly clear up the true situation . . "All accounts of oil enterprises have already been paid for on time by the Soviet Oil Management . With the aim of financing tu1in• terruptedly the factories and businesses , it was sugges t ed they present their financial information. The majority of the firms ful filled this suggestion, and accounts with them are being settled normally . However , the firms liVacuum Oil Company 11 , 11 Rohoelgewinnung" and noesterreichische Mineraloelwerke 11 have not presented information and have refused to present it e For this reason , the question remains open concerning the progress of liquidation of indebtedness , which amounts to 5, 044, 000 Schillings . 11 In defer ence to American interests , I am ready to have the payments take place , in order to liquidate the debts indicated and I �I have given instructions concerning this to the Soviet Oil Management in Austria . 11 In line with this, I ask you to give ins t ructi cns to the manager of the aforementioned firms, M .r. Griffa , on the timely reporting of financial information to t he Soviet Oil Management in Austria . 11 As far as the unpaid accounts presented in Jul y 1945 are concerned, this does not meet with the facts, becaus e up until April 194.6 payments were met without delay , and partial payment operations, in view of temporary financial .difficulties , concern only the month . of April 1946 . 1• * * * * CAPRI, JUNE 9, 1946: The General arose early and after breakfast prepared for his return to Vienna . He left Capri at 0930 hours and arrived at Naples at 1015 hours . A:f.'ter a short time spent shopping, he had lunch at Giacomino 1 s apartment . After lunch he went to Capodicino from where Colonel Moore piloted him back to Vienna in his B-17, arriving at approximately 1800 hours . He had dinner at his villa and remained t here throughout the evening. * ( ( * * * �t3o VIENNA-JUNE 10, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately saw General Tate and later Colonel Grogan. After working on several important documents General Clark again conferred with General Tate and called Mr. Erhardt in on the conference. At 1130 hours ' General Lewis saw General Clark with ~neral McMahon and Colonel Martin on personnel problems. After conferring again with General Tate, General Clark had. lunch at the CG Mes$ in the Bank Building and shortly after lunch went to his vil la where he remained the balance of the after. noon. General Clark sent the following message to General Gruenther ( Personal CG-06100,l., Unclassified) : · "Your message received. I have no suggestions to offer. Am pleased that you will attend. Thanks for your continued assistance.• USFET signed McNarney sent the following message to USFA:AGWAR (S-2716 s:reRET): . "Refer to our S-2114 19 April. Had we acted on a strictly American interpretation of citizenship all subject Soviets would have been released. However in order to determine whether an individual was a citizen as intended by your WX-89544 20 Dec 1945, 3 tests of citizenships rights were giv@n as follows: A. Right to bear arms; ' B. Right to vote in free elections; c. The right to hold public office. "Several hundred individuals who were in the Soviet Union on l September 1939 have not been repatriated because our boards determined under tests enumerated above that they were not citizens. "These category as follows: I "A. KULAKS. Those who because they opposed collectivization of their property were denied one or more of rights enumerated above. "B. WHITE RUSSIANS those who actively opposed or fought against the party in the 1917 revolution, and who consequently were denied one o.r more of the rights above. "C. DISSENTERS. Those who because of their active participation against the regime were denied one or more to the above rights. "Each category includes personnel in some one or more of the following sub groups: . 11 A. Persons who served in .the Soviet Armed Forces, but who were not captured in German uniform. "B. Persons who never served in the Soviet Armed Forces but who were captured in German uniform. Persons who served in the Soviet Armed Forces and who were captured in German uniforms. · · "Each major group likewise includes minors under 18 years. "Continued custody of this personnel imposes great difficulties on our forces and the passage of time is not likely to clarify the situation further. Therefore urgently request that your directive, as asked S-2ll4r 19 April, be forthcoming immediately. (Action personal for General ClarkJ• �(3l General Clark sent the following letter to Bernhard Altmann, 1451 Broadway, . New York . City: "Your lett~r of 17 May ~94~ was receive~ by me with interest. n1 am informed that your project of operating and expanding the factory Wiener Wollwarenwerke has the attention of the appropriate Ministries of the Austrian government, the'United States Consulate and appropriate staff sections o~ my headquarter~. "No difficulties are expected to arise in connection with.the ar.:. rival in Austria of the raw material and food mentioned in your letter. However, in the event of such difficulties they will receive prompt attention. 11 Both_'.the operation of your plant and the feeding of your employees must conform with the provisions of Austrian law. For instance; the food for your ' employees must be incorporated in the food rationing program for Austria as a whole and its distribution will therefore be subject to the authori zed ' ration · scales. This will entail the negotiation of details by you or your representatives with the appropriate Austrian Trade, Industry and Food authorities. I assume that you ~ave already taken s:.eps to initiate such liaison. "Thank you for calling your interesting project to my attention. . I am sure it wil l be of substantial aid in the reconstruction of Austria." ( USFET signed McNarney sent the following message to AGWAR, info to •••• USFA (S-2114, SF.cRET): llYour WX 89544, 20 Dec 1945 in certain instances requires forceable repatriation of •Persons who were both citizens of and actually within the Soviet Union on 1 Sept 1939". Repatriation Boards, having had re• course only to American law and procedures in absence of any other, decided against repatriat~on of several hundred cases on basis the individuals were not citizens, having been denied one or more of such rights of citizenship as the right to vote, to bear arms, etc. or having been members of persecuted groups, etc. Urgently request legal opinion as to whether such loss or deprivation of any single right of citizenship as recounted herein or otherwise is considered deprivation of citizenship. Thus rendering the individual nonrepatriable by force. Request expedited reply as it is desirable to discharge at earliest opportunity those finall y determined to nonrepatriable. Action Personal for General Clark.• * * * * VIENNA-JUNE 11, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and after working on correspondence saw General Tate at 1000 hours. At 1030 hours Sam Lubell, who has published articles for the Saturday Evening Post, interviewed the General, after which Colonel Grogan talked with the General. Mr. Jack Bell, Chicago News war correspondent, interviewed General Clark at 1145 hours. Just before lunch, General McMahon and C-olonel McLean discussed throe court martial cases with the General, after which the General had lunch in the CG Mess. At 1400 hours, General Clar.k decorated Corporal Burney, one of the CG Drivers, with the Commendation Medal, and after a conference with General McMahon left his office �for his villa. ( * * * * VIENNA-JUNE 12, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and at 1000 hours saw Colonel Smith of the Labor Division, who briefed the General on a conference to be held with Irving J. Brown, repres~ntative of the AF of Lin Europe. General Clark held an hour's interview with Mr. Brown at 1030 hours. At 1145 hours General Clark conferred with General McMahon and after working on several official papers the General left his Headquarters with Mrs. Clark and Ann and General and Mrs. Tate to go to General Bethouart's villa for lunch. General Steele, British Commander, and G~neral and Mrs. Winterton were also guests. General Clark left General Bethouart at 1500 hours and went immediately to his villa where he spent the .afternoon. In the evening, General Clark with Mrs. Clark aid Ann had dinner at the McMahons. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, information to USFET, Military Attache Moscow, ;Ref. No.P-9755 SECRET: ttAt 0815 today four Soviet fighter aircraft and one fighter towing a sleeve target held target practice over Tulln airfield. Each plane fired two or three bursts. One plane dove over the radio tower and fired a burst in the direction of the tower. No damage reported. Target practice took place directly over airfield at altitude between 1500 to 2000 feet. · ( 11 Also at 1105 today eight Soviet fighters appeared over Tulln airfield with another fighter towing a target. Several bursts were fired at the towed target while over the airfield. No damage reported. "I immediately protested these incidents to Soviet Commander General Kurasov who assured me he had no knowledge of the incidents or the reasons for them, but would order an immediate investigation.~ * * * * VIENNA-JUNE 13, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately conferred with General Tate, who was followed by General McMahon. At 1000 hours General Tate and Mr. Erhardt held a conference with the General and were followed by General Warner McCabe, who bid goodbye to the General as he is leaving for the States to retire. At 1030 hours General Clark talked with Colonel Grogan and later with Colonel Rich, chief surgeon, on his personal health. After a conference with General Tate, General Clark saw Colonel BUITill -0n the dependent setup at 1225 hours. General Clark had lunch in the Bank BuUding after which he worked on accumulated correspondenc~ and at 1500 hours left his office for his villa. In the evening the General with Mrs. Clark and Ann had dinner at the home of Colonel and Mrs. Howard. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Department, info to American Embassy, Paris for DELSF.C, Ref. No. P-XV-418 SECRET: . �"Soviet Commander informed me late today in writing he is ready to sign new control machinery agreement for Austria. British Commander is likewise ready to sign agreement, French Commander has received- no repeat no instructions, but expects to receive instructions momentarily. I plan to inform .AC at meeting 14 June scheduled to start 1100 hours that US has circulated treaty and is anxious to reach final agreement which would make new control machinery agreement unnecessary, and that no action on agreement will be taken by US until attitude of other powers on treaty is determined. "This is .furnished £or your information." General _Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff pass to Secretary of State, info to American Embassy, Paris £or Dunn, Ref . No . P-9845 CONFIDENTIAL: "Reference our P-9719 from Clark .to JCS pass to SECSTATE. The following revised information has been furnished by Austrian Govern• ment as of 12 June. Paragraph one, second phase of purge, substitute the following: to 12 June the following results have been reported: a total of 19,384 individuals have been dismissed, of whom 3,152 were removed from banks, insurance companies and private business in Vienna; 1,396 from savings banks throughout Austria; 1,781 from insurance companies throughout Austria; from private business, 340 in Burgenland, 700 in Lower .Awtria, 350 in Upper Austria, 800 in Salz• burg, 8,815 in Styria, 1,100 in Carinthea, 800 in Tyrol and 150 in V:orarlberg." ( * * * * VIENNA-JUNE 14, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately conferred with General McMahon. At 0915 hours General Clark saw General Tate on the agenda for the AC meeting today, and called in Colonel Deutsch of Legal Division to discuss a point in the Austrian law. General Clark le/this office at 1030 hours to go to the Allied Council meeting which lasted until 1300 hours. He returned to Headquarters where he had lunch and then went to his villa where ·he was joined by General and Mrs. McMahon and Mrs. Clark and Ann, and ·departed by car for his lodge at Hinterstoder. The party arrived at 2000 hours and General c+ark immediately went fishing. After dinner the General retired early. General Tate sent the following message to General Gruenther Ref. No. T-c61401: "Unclassified. Genl Poole who' commanded South African Division expected to visit Washington £or few days about 17 June. General Clark has given· him your office address." General Clark sent the following message to General Gruenther Personal ·cG-061401 CONFIDENTIAL: �•no not repeat not desire story to be published by the Infantry Journal. 11 General Clark received the following letter from Lt. General J.S. Steele, Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in Austria: "I was very pleased and deeply touched to receive your letter on the occasion of the birthday of His Majesty, King George. On behalf of all of us in Austria, I send you nzy" warmest thanks for the generous sentiments you have expressed, which, I assure you, we have received with the utmost appreciation. "Although I have been here but a short time, I have seen enough -to realize the full significance of our work together. We are very sensible that this work could not be successful without the great contribution which you and our other--American friends have made. Your work in Austria is a magnificent example of the great constructive labours which the United States are undertaking not only in Europe but throughout the world. "I look forward with great pleasure to the future in the certain knowledge that our friendship and cooperation is assured. · Yours sincerely" ' . General Clark sent the following message to Colonel General L.V. Kurasov, Deputy Commanding General, Soviet .Element, Austria.: ( I Ill wish to thank you for your letter of 8 June 1946, No. 1113, from which I am pleased tQ note that you have given instructions to the Sov• iet Mineral Oil Administration in Austria to make payments to the firms "Vacuum Oil Company", 11 Rohoelgewinnungs A.G.", and "Oesterreichische Mineraloelwerke" for current and past deliveries of crude oil and finished petroleum products made by these three companies. I thank you for the prompt and effective attention which you kindly accorded my letter of 13 May 1946 regarding them. "Wi~h respect to the differences between the figures in our letters, I trust this does not represent any real differences, since there has · never been any questioij about invoices between the Soviet Mineral Oil Administration and the companies, but is probably due to some differen• ces in the basis on which our respective figures were compiled, such as different key dates. However, to clarify the figures, if desired, I attach a summary statement of the amounts reported outstanding as of l June (these naturally differ from the figure in nzy" -original letter of 13 May 1946 which was based on an earlier status report, and from the figure in your letter of 8 June, which I assume was based on a report of some intermediate date. "I have noted the interest of the Soviet Mineral Oil Administration in learning the financing data of the companies in question, but am un- able to see any real reason wey such data should be necessary, or any connection between such data and the amount of invoices for products delivered, since these invoices are computed simply on the basis of �quantities and qualities of products delivered at the standard official prices duly fixed for all such products . ( "I trust this exchange of letters between us will result from now on in prompt payments f or deliveries . of oil and .i ts products ." ' General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, Pass to State Department, info to Embassy, Paris for Delsec, Ref . No . P-9882, SECRET: "At Allied Council meeting today no significant items on agenda . GenSoviet and British representatives stated they had been authorized by respective governments to sign new control machinery agreement; French representative stat ed his Government desired certain minor changes in Article 5. I made statement as outlined last paragraph message WAR-90969 . Paper was referred back to Executive Committee _to consider French amendments at its next meeting 21 June . Kurasov asked me if I would have authorization to si~ by next AC ~eating. I made no commitment in reply . · 11 Council approved (1) basic principles for an Austrian wage policy; (2) a proposal for control of coal and electric power; (3) a proposal authorizing Austrian government to undertake trade negotiations with Rumania and Switzerland . "No agreement was reached on approval of Foreign 'Frade Law due to Soviet insistence that law not repeat not be extended to quote goods or property of nationals of the occupying powers or to goods of the Allied Governments in occupation unquote . This 'law was referred back to Executive Committee . " eral Kurasov represented Marshal Konev. * * HINTERSTODER, JUNE 15, 1946: General Clark left his hunting lodge at 0800 hours and spent the day fishing until he was called back to Vienna by General Tate at 1300 hours . General Cl ark left his lodge by Cub plane and landed at Vienna at 1400 hours . Several top secret messages had arrived during the day which necessitated General Clark's return. He immediately went into conference with Gener~s Tate, McMahon and Collins, General Collins having arrived from Salzburg. Later he conferred with General Lewis , Colonel Paxson and Lt . Colonel Hoyne of G-2 . General Clark later conferred with Major Oswalt and Captain Luther on plans which would take place in case of emergency . · The General left his office at 1900 hours and had dinner at his villa where he retired early. General Clark received the following message from General Poole: · "SECRET . One . Many thanks . Am proposing to visit States for few days about 17 June . Two . Field Marshal Smuts has had to change his plans and now greatly regrets will not be able to visit you. n *' * * * VIENNA, JUNE 16, 1946: General Clark spent this morning at his villa. He conferred with General Tate and later with General Snavely on the plans for the reception of the Pan- American party which will arrive in �Vienna later this evening on t he first direct flight from New York to Vienna . General Clark had lunch with Bill Clar k and in the afternoon rested . Mrs . Clark and Ann arrived from Hinterstoder at 1600 hours . At 19.30 hours General and Mrs . Clark gave a buffet supper for the Pan- American officials which included Mr . Juan Trippe , president of Pan-American Airways , Mr . Robert Cummings, Vice President , and Mr. David Ingalls, Vice President . General Clark sent the following message to USFET personal for McNarney, Ref . No . P- 9932, SECRET: • tton 13 June 170 Jewish refugees enroute to Munich from Salzburg were removed from train at Freilassing Bavaria by 9th Infantry Division border guards and forced to return to Salzburg. This action is contrary to instructions contained in March WARX 81839 . You know my situation here . The influx of these refugees has increased and there must be some outflow. Will you please straignten this out'l 11 The following message was ·received from WAR to •••••• USFA for General Clark, Ref . No . WARX 91471 , SECRET: ( nThe following received from State , War and Navy Dept . is in reply to OMGUS message CC 1929, 23 March 1946, and CG USFA message P- 5687, 31 March 1946. This message is in 2 parts: "Part I . l . After thorough reconsideration it is concluded that WARX. 99226 Directive as previously amended by WARX 86853 , WARX 82436 and as further amended in Part II belov, accords with desirable f oreign policy . Implementation of WARX 99226 should therefore be immediately undertaken. 11 2. Problems presented your cables M arch CC 1929 and P- 5687 considered in formulation of WARX 99226. From the beginning it was decided that restitution would not be made of property removed during the period of a country ' s collaboration with Germany . It was agreed that property could have been looted onl y during the period of forcible occupation of Germany . The legal aspect considered was whether to legitimatize or nullify German looting operations . The decision was made that Germany should not gain from illegal acts at t he expense of her victims . The looting acts violated the principles of January 1943 United Nations declaration and traditional U.S. propert y principles . 11 3 . The U.S. has undertaken Economic and Political responsibil;tties with regard to Italy, Austria and to a lesser extend Hungary . u.s. economic burdens in this connection are reduced through resti tutions of economic resources without corresponding increase of economic burden in Germany . In addition restitution improves the pol i tical stability of u.s. relations with these ,governrnents . Information indicates that anti-u.s . elements in these countries are making capital from the u.s. failure to restore property looted by the Germans after the break of these satellite governments wi.th Germany . Particularly is this true of the Communist Party in Hungary; they cite non- restitution as an indication of lack of interest on the part of Western democracies . �"4• Believed here that the other occupying powers will favor the somewhat restricted restitution policy in WARX 99226 inasmt1eh as France has most urgently pressed for the general principle of restitution, u.s. has supported her view, and USSR has recently presented a note to the U.S. minister requesting and recommending restitution to Hungary. 11 5. Not anticipated here that restitution contemplated under WARX 99226 will significantly affect minimum alloYTed economies of Germany and Austria. . "Part II. 6. Directive in WARX 99226 provides among other things for restitution to the Hungarian Government of property removed from Hungary to Germany and Austria after January 20 1945. It has recently come to the attention of the State Department that some of the removals to Austria consisted of personal property carried by refugee Jewish owners some of whom are now DPs who will not return to Hungary but will stay in Austria or go elsewhere. 11 7. The purpose of WARX 99226 directive is to restore property looted by German forces and their Fascist allies to the countries of origin. It was not intended to dispossess racial or religious refugees. 11 8. Para 6 of WARX 99226 is therefore amended by adding the fol• lowing sentence thereto: "Household goods, valuables, art objects and other personal property owned and removed from a country by refugees who left the country for religious or racial reasons and who choose not to return to that country, will not be subject to restitution." * * * VIENNA, JUNE 17, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0910 hours. After conferring with General Tate, General Clark held a conference with General McMahon. He called Colonel Deutsch to his office to be briefed on points in the Austrian law concerning Jewi.sh restitution, after which he worked for a long time on official correspondence. Later, he again conferred with General Tate on some top secret cables which arrived and then saw Mr. Ware Ad.ams of State Department. General Clark had lunch with Mrs. Clark at the villa where he spent the afternoon. In the evening, with Mrs . Clark and Ann, the General had dinner with Colonel and Mrs . c. c. Smith. The following letter was sent to Lt. Generals. I. Morozov, Chief of Staff, Soviet Forces in Austria, by General McMahon, USA Chief of Staffi The request of Lt. Col. Korkishko and his party for transit privileges through the United States Zone from Enns to Linz is re• turned without action at this time. Gener~ Clark will be ve-ry glad to approve it as soon as the River Road from Vienna to Tulln Airport by way of Klosterneuberg is· reopened to United States traffic." 11 General Clark sent the following congratulatocy message to Lt. General J. s. SteeR, British Forces Austria: �l33 ( "Please aocept my sincere congratulations upon the new honor that has come to you from your Government in the award of Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire . " \ General Clark sent the following congratulatory message to . Major General T.J .W. Winterton, Deputy Commander- in-Chief , British Forces Austria ; ' May I offer my congratulations to you on the occasion of the inclusion of your name in the Birthday Honours List as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire . The Honor is well deserved . 0 11 * * * * VIENNA, JUNE 18, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and after conferring with General Tate, conferred with Mr. Erhardt for a long time . Lt . Colonel Kretzmann was called in on a c_onf erence concerning his · G-2 bulletin. Later General Clark saw General Tate with reference to the conference concerning the Peace Treaty for Austria which was to be held later in the morning. General Clark worked on official correspondence until 1030 hours at which time he conferred with General Tate , Mr . Erhardt , Mr. Mellen and Mr. Adams on the d~aft treaty being proposed for Austria at the Peace Conference. The conference lasted until 1210 hours . General Clark conferred with General Lewis at 1215 hours on the subject of requisitioning radios and other articles from Austrian people. Captain Flower of the Real Estate Office was called in to give details on this subject . John MacCormac , ·.,;ar correspondent of New York Times , saw General Clark at 1230 hours after which the General left the office to go to his villa for lunch with Mrs . Clark. In the .evening General and Mrs . Clark visited Kahlenberg and vicinity and later had dinner at the villa. General Clark sent the follow~g message to USFET for Rabbi Phillips. Bernstein, Ref . No . P- 0010, Unclassified: 11 Thank you for your telegram and letter concerning the Austrian restitution law. Lett er reached me 17 June . This law has not yet been introduced in the Austrian Parliament, but is still being studied. Among suggestions under consideration are those made by World Jewish Congress previously submitted to us . A law providing for nullity of transfers of property .i n Austria during the Nazi regime has recently been enacted by Parliament . This and other related laws are now in process of consideration for approval by the Allied C~uncil . Administrative difficulties have slowed enactment and approval of Austrian legislative program for restitution. I am doing all possible to eliminate these difficulties and believe I have made substantial progress . I shall be glad to see you here at any time, and to discuss these problems ~ith you fully . " * * * �VIENNA, JUNE 19 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and saw General Tate, who was followed by General McMahon. He next conferred with General Tate again, who brought in at 1015 hours Colonel Owens, who talked with the General on Austrian restitutions , and was followed by Colonel Connor , who is an authority on the Yugoslav situation. At 1030 hours General Clark, accompanied by Captain ' Luther went to Sch8n15runn Palace wh~re he was met by General Steele . After ,a few minutes • conference , General Clark ~ccompanied General Steele to -another part of Sch8nbrunn where he decorated five British officers as follows; Brigadier William A. Scott, Legion of Merit (Cmdr) Major General Charles D. Packard, Legion of Merit (Off) Brigadier Roy G. Thurburn, Legion of Merit (Off) Colonel Peter D. Miller, Bronze Star Medal Lt . Colonel Ralph A. Turton, Bronze Star Medal General Clark returned to his Headquarters after the ceremocy and saw M r . Fesko, war correspondent , for an interview at which time he gave him the general overall picture of Austria . Later he conferred with Colonel Kretzmann, Mr. Erhardt and General Tate after which he had lunch . After talking with Colonel Paxson and General McMahon, General Clark went to -his villa where he spent the rest of the ,day . _( * VIENNA, JUNE 20, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately saw General Tate for a long conference . Later he conferred with Colonel Grogan and then again with General Tate, who was followed by General McMahon. The General left his o£fice a~ 1045 hours when he packed and departed for the cub strip . He took off at 1200 hours for Hinterstoder , accompanied by Captain Jordan. He spent the afternoon fishing. Mrs . Clark, Ann and Captain Luther left Vienna on the r~ozart in the General 1 s private car and will arrive at Wels the next morning. The General received the following message from General Gruenther dated June 19 1946 and received this day: (Ref . No . SVC U- 100-Unclassified): · Your confirmation was recommended unanimously' by Senate Military .Affairs Committee today. Expect it will be confirmed by Senate in few days. We are all delighted.n 11 The General sent the following telegram to Matthew Woll, Cha:i:'rman of Free Trade Union Committee , AFof L, New York, New York; 11 Reurtel 17 June·'regarding refusal of Soviet authorities to permit Mr. Irving Brown to visit their zone I deplore this refusal by Soviets as much as you do. A strong letter of protest has been sent �( to the Soviet Headquarters. The question of removing zonal boundaries in Austria has been under discussion by the Al l ied Council for some time . The American view has always been that such barriers should be eliminated • ., Mr. Erhardt send the following message to SECSTATE, No . 872, SECRET , paraphrase: 11 Replying to the next to the last paragraph of the State Dept's 514 of May 24 requesting suggestions concerning US aid in the economic ' C . reconstruction of Austria, i t i s cl ear that the most important aid which the US alone could properly extend would be credits for the immediate purchase in the US of raw material s and urgently needed equipment until Austria becomes a member of the Intl Bank and Fun~ . (Ref Genl Clark ' s P-{)846 of June 13 on an Austrian request for US cotton ,on credit, and my 767 of May 29 on t he Creditanstalt 1 s request for a credit of $25,000 , 000 from the Export- Import Bank • .Additional requests for Export-Import Bank credit are being prepared by the Austrian ministries; the amount involved might be $25 , 000,000 more for use in a six-months ' period or $75 , 000 , 000 more in a twelve-months ' period . ) 11 The question raises major political issues . The Communist newspapers in Vienna have been putting pressure on the Austrian Govt to negotiate a long- term trade agreement with Russia and to set up joint Aus.trian-Soviet corporations for Danube shipping, oil , and ·perhaps other key industries as well . A trade agreement with the USSR is now advocated also by the Sovialists , including Waldbrunner in Moscow. Russia is probably willing to promise substantial assfatance in the form of raw materials and f ood in return for acceptance of the Soviet terms by Austria . Unless substantial United States credits are for thcoming, the Austrian Government or a successor gover:qment with a larger representation of the Communist Party , may nave no practical alternati ve but to meet the demands of the USSR . I concur heartily in the view expressed in the State Dept ' s 514 that if t he U.S . is prepared to extend concrete assistance it should do so or at least give convincing evidence of its intentions before Austria's relations with Russia fall into a pattern , bound to last some years , of exclusive economic association. This may occur at any time in view of the present critical economic and ·political situation. "Since present Austrian stocks of raw materials are approaching exhaustion and equipment is wearing out daily, a prompt decision on t he principle of granting US credits is needed for economic reasons also . Only a negligible provision for industrial and agricultural rehabilitation and for coal is included in the UNRRA program. 11 Austrian .economic reconstruction now depends primarily on increased supplies of food . Likewise political independence because on 1200 calories or less people care more about food than liberty . In the case of food , US assistance can take the form of strong support for an adequate UNRRA program and pressure for effective implementation. UNRRA ' s present tentative $91,000,000 progranr, even though devoted almost entirely to food , and even if carried out on schedule , -is not adequate to prevent widespread distress . Further- �l4l more, the effective implementation of this inadequate program is not assured as yet . If t he reported diversion to Italy of a 17 , 000 ton wheat shipment destined for Austria should take place it would have disastrous nutritional and political consequences . This week brief scattered strikes involving s everal thousand workers have begun to occur in Vienna as a protest against the food situation. Addl scattered strikes are expected, and the possibility of a general strike continues to threaten. Disillusionment with the western democracies has resulted from t ri e inadequacy of the UNRRA relief program to date . 11 I trust the State Dept is making every effort to obt ain an increase in UNRRA 1 s program for Austria and effective execution of it . It will also be appreciated if the State Dept could obtain cl arification of t he responsibilities of UNRRA and the War Dept . The latter has terminated its responsibility for civilian supplies for Austria and its responsibility for preventing disease and unrest . (See WA.RX 85514 , Apr 24 and 57896, 14 May . ) UNRRA. however has assumed responsibility only for the items within its program and to the extent of its funds . Therefore , it appears that no agency is responsible for assuring Austria's minimum requirements pf coal , and the other relief and rehabilitation supplies which are essential to the long-term US objectives in Austria . "While much less important than credits and the UNmlA program, various measures lying within the power of the US element of the Allied Commission are being taken in Vienna to facilitate tpe economic reconstruction of Austria . Such measures include pressing for quadripartite .approval of (a) provisional exchange rates , (b) instructions to the Austrian Government requiring more vigorous measures of food col l ection, (c) arrangements for obtaining from Germany minimum essential imports , (d) trade arrangements with other countries, and (e) Austrian membership in international organizations . Such measures also include, in the US zone , arrang:i.ng for the sale to Aus trians for Schill ings of OEM, chiefly vehicles . , "We are keeping in view long-r ang:3 measu.res for economic devel,opment in Austria, including cooperative pro.jects for the development of t he whole Danube Basin under UN aus pices , but until the present emergency is past and political factors become more clear no planning for such matters can usefully be undertaken . " 1 ( * * * * HINTERSTODER, JUNE 21, 1946: General C~ark left his lodge at 1000 hours and s pent the entire day fishing . In the evening he went hunting and shot a buck deer . Mrs. Clark and Ann drove from Wels and joined the General at the lodge . * * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, May 1 - June 20, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from May 1 - June 20, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1674 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/972858fad26f1a88cac9d40a44f2c3d9.pdf?Expires=1790208000&Signature=ulLs0ir90ads1Oa96IjoSUIogOD8N16z2UnYHD8lCq8Wi6Dr2-GKQV-irxfeT7Qhc0bPfZi1RTmgCEuLW7SS6Ivr0PARpPK0x0bdYH1yRVP2nm52d5RyqfultspOMO215c7MzL4TqnzBGfN33tX1HnbgIu1F0cUfDAI8hUX47cH2WEghBfrnCtx-jIWOoYdi4iFRbqWtSm0dgIXjr-7JM9AMOijrs4dQMRwSxmGGbvVnIRNy1LqYj%7En78aKjWaDPTWJwJOpii4S6jVuuqiNIct3r2TF8%7ExjRb5bd-J2YnU%7E4P7USuw%7E0lwMyz4hbA9AzcZPgIN6MpG-tmkG34qIFGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d05bcd3b98bd5b637daa5f3cb01726f9 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM VIEN1tA, NOV~_,ffiER 4, 1946: General Clark 1 s private train arrived in Vienna at 1215 hours . On hand at the station to greet the General and J:Irs . Clark upon their return were numerous members of his staff and their wives , and an honor guard made up of the 1st Battalion of the 16th Infantry. After greeting all his friends , General Clark reviewed the honor guard with General Tate. Upon leaving the station, General and J:Irs . Clark went to the villa where they had lunch . General Clark arrived at his office at 1430 hours and after talking with General Tate he saw Mr . ,1elvin O. Benson of the House Investigating Committee . Following I:Ir . Benson, General Clark c cnferred with General Tate and Colonel Sullivan on civilian food supply . The food situation continues to be a most difficult problem. However, General Clark has made plans for the increase of the Austrian ration to the 1,550 level. At 1600 hours General Clark talked with General Dager, who is succeeding Colonel Lewis as Commander of the Vienna Area Command, and at 1630 hours General Clark conferred with Chancellor Figl on the plans for the announcement of the new ration scale . T~e General returned to his villa at 1730 hours where he had dinner with L1rs . Clark and .Ann . * -( * * VIENRA, NOVE...1BER 5, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at. 10.30 hours after having walked from the villa. He i mmed iately saw General Tate . At 1100 hours he conferred with Colonel Oxx, whom he had not seen since his return. At 1115 hours General Clark talked with Colonel Rich concerning his personal health and the ear infection he had had while in the States , and later talked with Colonel Howard . At 12.35 hours Gener al Clark conferred with Colonel McMahon and General Hickey on the subject of the position of Chief of Staff . Colonel 1VIcMahon is r eti ring this next week and is to be succ eeded by General Thomas F. Hickey . After having lunch in the Bank Building , General Clark held a press c onference at 1430 hours in order to bring the press up to ~ate on his recent trip to the States . The conference was attended by the following corres pondents: Landrum Bolling Simon Bourgin Robert Conviay Joseph Evans 111 . W. Fodor Arnold Gingrich G. E: . Hodenf ield Josef Israels Car oline Leiser Ernest Leis-er John ,;!acCormac John ffo'.Jinckel Karl Quigley John Thompson John Vialker I ;,1 . 1E . Werner Theodore Kaghan Samuel Grossman Overseas News Agency Time and Life New York Daily IJews Wall Street Journal Chicago Sun Esquire Associated Press This Week Stars and Stripes Stars and Stripes Nev, York Times World Report International r;ews Service Chicago Tribune Time and Life United Press VJiener Kurier AND �After the conference, General Cl ark conferred with Colonel Grogan and i:1r. ~rbardt concerning the announcement of the increased food ration and later the General saw General Tate . General Cl ark had dinner with his family at the villa . * * * * 6 1946: General Clark arrived et his office at 1030 After having c onferred with General Tate, the General talked with rnr. Erhardt at 1045 hours . J\.t 1105 hours Colonel Lewis and General Tate held a discussion with General Clark on plans for General ·ager taking over the Vienna ;.:\rea Command. Immediately following this conference General Clark talked with General Dager at which time he gave the nev, VAC Commander hj s plans for the future in Vienna. The General had 1 unch in the Bank Bt1ilding and after seeing General Tate at 1/4.15 hours held a long conference with General HcChrystal at 1430 ho1.1rs . General r~IcChrystal , former head of' USFA ISB, has returned to Vienna as a war c orrespondent and will be discharged from the service tomorrow . General Clark walked to his villa arrl at 1900 hours , accompanied by his family, went to the home of Col onel and i,1rs . Howard for dinner . VIEHI~.4.., NOVENlBER hours, having walked from his villa. * ( VIENI A, NOVE;;:B.C::R 7 1946; General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours after having walked from the villa . He immediately saw General Tate and then held a conference with General Collins, who had arrived on the I.lozart this morning ., This is the first meeting of Generals Clark and Collins since the return of General Clark from the States . At 1030 hours General Clark conferred with Mr . Williamson, head of the Ai.:strian desk in t _1e State Department, who had been taking Mr . Erhardt 1 s . place during Mr . Erhardt I s absence . Llr ., Williamson wil.l be returning to the States shortly . General Clark had lunch with Lirs . Clark at the villa and at 14/4-5 hours ·left the villa for the Hotel Imperial where at 1500 hours he conferred with Colonel General Kurasov, Russian Commander, for one hour . Mte r the conference General Clark returned to Headauarters where he talked with Mr . Erhardt and General Tate . Mrs . Clark ~rrived at Headqt arters at 1700 hours and the General, accompanied by his fa ily, went to the Hofburg Palace where they attended the reception , · concert and dinner given by General Kurasov in honor of the 29th Anniversary of the Socialistic Revolution . General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff SECRET, Information to USFET for MclJarney, P- 5832: n1 . Your message WX- 84802 is reference . Restitution Danube river draft belonging to United Nations, including Yu.gos a nd Czechos and to Hu.ngary, Rumania and Bulgaria, ·can be completed wit,hin two repeat two weeks after respective govts provide crews to move craft and after arrival representative ta inventory and receipt for craf t . n2 . Following riv ,-ir craft are now in Aus waters US zone: a . Serviceable and floating~ �- ( Kationality anq Ow:g~rDutch (Cosmos) Czechoslovakian (CSD ) ~~1otor rranker 1 Tanker Barge 10 19 2 . Bulgarian Rumanian :Jiotor Barge Total 32 15 l 18 2 2 2 l l 2 (lWR) Rv.manian ( Ovmership unknown) b . Unserviceable or sunk ; -aticnali t;y· or Owner Yugoslavian Tanker Barf@ 3 (JHP) Dutch (Cosmos) Rumanian 1 1 ( NFR) n3 . For your information, sunken railroad bridge at Tulln now has navigable channel 26 meters wide and 1. 9 meters deep at mean low water. This channel navigable for shallow- draft boats with difficuity . n4 . It is recommended that craft be turned over at existin L anchorages and owner nations be responsible for movement . n * * * VIE '{NA, N0'T.Bi~TI3ER 8 1946: General Clark arrived at his of fice at 1000 hours and at 1015 hours talked with Bill Clark concerning Bill ' s forthcoming marriage to ;,l iss •loise ' eyton. Later General Clark talked with Colonel Hume and at 1100 hours saw Colonel Lazar on the plans for Christmas . After conferring with Mr . Erhardt, General Clark attended a decor ation ceremony where he decorated and promoted several of ficers and enlisted men from US.F'A Headquarters , and as a surprise awarded the Legion of Merit Medal to Colonel l'ilc11lahon . General ·c1ark left his Headquarters at 1230 hours and had lunch at his villa with his family . He rettl.I'ned to his office at 1530 hours where he attended a review and honor guard in honor of the retirement of Sgt . Leonard H. Tice , who is being returned to t he States for retirement after 30 years of service . General Clork r eturned to his villa immediately after the ceremony and at 1830 hours attended the French pr oduction of the opera ·11 Pelleas and Melisande" at the Theater an der Wien as guest of Gener al Bethouart . He returned to his villa at 1030 hours where he had dinner and t hen retired . General Clark sent the following message to General Kurasov of the Russia~ Headquarters.: "I should appreciate your reply to my letter of 5 September 1946 trans:-nitting evidence regarding the limerican title rights to certain e}-..rploration rights (Freischuerfe) which were taken from the Rohoelgewinnungs G (RAG) whi ch is fifty per cent An:ericanowned . 11 * * * * �L\ l VI~NK , NOVE:'iBER 9 1946: ( General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours after having walked from the villa . He took care of all accumulated correspondence and at 1100 hours recorded his Armistice Day and Thanksgiving Day speeches for broadcast to the troops in Austria. After recording these speeches, General Clark conferred with iJir . Erhardt and General Tate and then talked with Colonel 1JlcMahon. He left his Headquarters at 1300 hours and walked to his villa where he had lunch . In the evening, General Clark entertained guests for dire~er and the broadcast of the --Ar-myNotre Day game which ended in a 0- 0 tie. · General Clark sent the follo~ing message to Joint Chiefs of Staff pass to State Department, info to USFET for McNarney, SECRET, P- 5939: "In accordance with your VlX- 84802 I am proceeding toward i rr:mediate restitution Danube. River craft in ustria to owner nations, as reported in para 2 my message P-5832 . 11 I propose to issue a statement here on this subject as soon as prelimlna.ry arrange:nents for restitution of craft are completed. This release wL 1 be coordinated with USJ:'ET . \\hat stateme11t, if any, is to be issued by State , and on what date?rt · Following message sent SECR1~ to US,FET for iilfcNarney from General Clark, P-5942: "Ref are W1..- 24802 from JCS and my messages P- 5832 and - 5939 in reply thereto , copies of both to you. Believe desirable we issue simultaneous releases on this subject . Accordingly, I have instructed my PRO to coordinate my proposed release with your PRO .tt * * VIE1d A, NOV&,ffiER 10 1946; General Clark remained at the villa during the day . In the morning he took a lone walk and t !1en had 1 unch with his family . At 1930 hours General and Mrs . Clark were dinner guests of Colonel and 1.:Irs . Paxson. * * * ·J , NOV 'i.:BER 11 1946: The day being a holiday, General Clark remained at his villa . Later in the n orning he took a walk with Mrs . Clark . After having lunch at his villa, General Clark rested . In the evening the General had dinner at home with his family. VIEN General Clark sent the following message to pric Johnston, Arr.embassy, London, P- 5954.: nnistressed upon hearing of your illness . Best wishes for a speedy recovery . Hope to see you soon here in Vienna . u * * * VIEM~ A, NOVE1':BER 12 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0940 hours after having walked from his villa. He saw General Tate and Mr . Erhardt and later conferred with Colonel ax6on on the setup for the dependents' school . At 1045 hours , accompanied by Mrs . Clark , the General visited the school for dependents . He returned to his office at noon and after going 1 �( over accl,mulated correspondence talked with Colonel Mc -Iahon . He had lunch at the Bank Building and at 1400 hom·s saw Colonel L cLean on several court martial cases . General Bethouart called on the General at 1500 hours to discuss the entrance of Jews into the French Zone at Kitzb hel . L7ITT1ediately following the c onference with the French- Commander , General Clark talked with ·.l[r . ""'rhardt and at 1700 hours walked to the · villa, accompanied by the Minister . t 1930 hours General Clark had dinner in his suite at the Hotel Bristol with Mrs . Clark, Colonel and 1J!rs . 'lein, Colonel and h1rs . Shaler, Colonel and l;Irs . Pesek . After dinner General Clark and h..i.s guests went to the Bristol Club where they saw the floor . General Clark sent the following message to Col. Robt Solberg, Military 1~ttache , A11embassy Brussels, P"Please convey my· regards to the Prince :i·{egent and inform him I will be delighted to accept the Belgian award • . 'n unable to give an exact date now as I want to tie another trip in with this . Will suggest in near future a date at 1vhich time I, 1Jrs . Clark , my 20-year old daughter a.nd aide would come to Brussels . xpress my ppreciation to Ar::bassador Kirk for his kind invitation for my family to stay at the Embassy . tr ,. * * * * VIENN., NOVEMBER 13 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours after having walked from the villa . He immediately saw General Tate and at 1015 hours received nine new Colonels who have just joined USFA Headquarters . they are: Col. Claude A. Billingsley, 016620, FA Col . Carl F . ,!c ilimey, 03103, INF Col . Harren C. Rutter , 012628 , CC Col . Irvin Schindler, 016605, JAGD Col Harrison Shaler, 012080, ORD Col. David ·• Washburn, 09155, SIG . Col. Stanley C.• Wentz , 0276970 , AC Col . Walter Urbach, 029527, AGD Lt . Co~ . Peter Rush, G-3 Claims G-1 JA US11C AES, G Chaplain Immediately following this conference, General Clark saw Colonel Sullivan,head of Civilian Food Supply , on the food topic . At 1030 hours General Clark was interviewed by Nir . Jack Thompson, war correspondent with Chicago Tribune, on the Italian Campaign, and at 1130 hours saw Mr . Gondern of the Readers Digest for one half hour . Later the General conferred with General Hickey , Colonels '1Ac v1ahon and Paxson on Unit Citations for Divisions in the Italian Campaign and then posed for Wir . Lake, an artist with Camp Shows, for a pencilled sketch. General Clark had lunch in the Bank Building and at 1400 hours. saw Colonel Lloyd , IG , on investigation of the Linz liquor warehouse . I.tr . Lake returned at 1430 hours and completed the sketch of the General . After having a long conference with Mr . Erhardt , General Clark finished going over all accumulated correspondence and then walked to his villa . In the evening he and ~trs . Clark had dinner with General and Jrs. Haynes . �43 VIENN , NOV1lMBER 14 19/4.6 : General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately conferred with Mr . rhardt . , t 0945 hours General Clark saw General Tate and later conferred '. ith I.'Ir John r~lacCormac, of the New York Times to get his views on ~everal major issues . 1Q'ter conferring with Mr . .lacCormac the General worked on accu.mulated correspondence and official papers, after wh ch he had lunch. At 1500 hours General Clark received General Steele , Commander of British troops in .. ustria, in order to discuss the present food situation. After General Steele's departure , General Clark saw General Tate and at 1615 hours held a surprise decoration cerem0ny at which he awarded the Army Commendation Ribbon to Colonel McMahon for his work as USF Chief of Staff . After the ceremony , General Clark went to his villa -:.vhere Mrs Clark was holding a tea for the personnel connected with the dependents ' school in Vienna . In the evening the General had dinner at his villa . 1 * * * VIEN A, NOV .. JBER 15 1946: General Clark arrived at !1is office at 0845 hours and immediately saw Colonel Kretzmann . At 0900 hours the General held a conference with Rabbi Bernstein, advisor on Jewish DPs , and iJir . Dorr, special assistant to Secretary of .;ar, on displaced persons problems . These two men had made an inspection of the DP c amps in the American Zone yesterday and came to discuss with General Clark the problems they found . After talking with General Tate and l\lr . Erhardt, General Clark left his headquarters at 1015 hours and proceeded to the Allied Commission Building where he held a short discussion with General Zheltov, Russian Deputy Commander , prior to the ~ lied Council meeting . At 1100 hot:rs Genera:j.. Clark attended the lied Council meeting which lasted until 1630 hours . t this time he returned to his headquarters and at 1700 hours held a press conference attended by the following correspondents: Christian Science Monitor Ass ciated Press Stars and Stripes Stars and Stripes . ew York Times .World Report International News Service New York Times Chicago Tri ,une T1me and Life United ress ewsv1eek \~ iener i urier Joseph Harrison r. Hodenfield Caroline Leiser Ernest Leiser John I/IacC ormac John i✓Iowinckel Karl Quigley Albion Ross ·J ohn Thompson John r alker ;:I . W. Werner .Arthur J . McChrystal Theodore Kaghan Samuel Grossman G. A 1 D General Clark , accompanied by Mrs . Clark, Ann and Colonel and Jrs . Howard , left Vienna on the General ' s private train at 2030 hours enroute to Hinterstoder . * * * * �General Clark arrived at Hinterstoder at 0500 hours and at 0600 hours, accompanied by Captain Rogers, left the train for a day's hunting . He returned to the lodge at l 530 hours after having shot three chamois . The General had dinner at the lodge with his family and gqests . HIN'T...,,HST0DER, NOVEi!iBER 16 1946: General Clark sent the following message to UC!:FZT "ersonal for General McJarney: Confidential P-6088: "It is my understanding that the troop spaces for AL.stria in 194 7, as requested 'in letter from my headquarters 7 October to you, have been reduced by elimination of spaces for civilian supply program and drastic reduction in engineers without prior reference to me. Request that I be informed of these changes, in order that I may reevaluate the possibility of implementing the mission · assigned to me by the Joint Chiefs of Staff . 11 I assure you that the matter of reducing the troop strength in Austria has had and will continue to have my personal attention . 11 General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chi,gfs of Staff, pass to State Department, S.il:CRET P- 6110: ( "Ti1e ..Allied Council on 15 l\!ov 1946 took note of a report from the Federal Chancellor conc -:rning anticipated reductions in pension expenditures in the amount of 80- 85 million Schillings for the budget year 1946 and recommended that ( a) payment of pensions to Nazis d::.. smissed under the provisions of the Denazification Law be stopped and (b) that all pensions established during the German occupation be reexamined . Unanimous agreenent was finally reached on the matter of instructions to the' Austrian Government concerning the establishment of an Austrian frontier and customs control service . "The Council again took note of the fact that the new Denazification Law had not yet been reported out of the Legal Directorate and decided that the High Commissioners would exert pressure on their subordinates with the view to a~)suring consideration of the law by the Council at its next meeting on 29 IJovember . In response to a statewent by the French High Commissioner, the Council took action to have both the Austrian Government and the Internal ffairs Directorate study measures designed to correct current deficiencies in the issuance of passports and visas to Austrians desiring to travel beyond the Austrian frontier;. u. letter from the Fed Chancellor in ·nhich was set out the estj_mated Aus trade balance for 1947 was referred to the Econo~ic Directorate for more detailed study, with the understanding that any High Commissioner who so desired would inform his Govt of this estimate of us needs . 11 The new 1550 calorie food ration and the general food problem were discussed et length as a result of the c.. uestion being raised by the Sov member . The Econ Directorate was instructed to determine whether the ration was being met and to work out with the Aus Govt an estimate of indigenous food availability . more detailed report of this matter will be the subject of a separate co1ru 1unication. n * * * * �45 ............ 1946: General Clark left the lodge at 0900 hours acc ompanied by Captain Rogers , and spent the day hunting . He shot one ' chamois . HINTEF.ST0DER, NOVEMBER 17 * * * * HINI\~HSTODER ''.iNROUTE TO VIE.£ A VIA WELS. , NOV ':IBER 18 1946: General Clark departed from the l odge at 0900 hours and boarded his train at Hint ers toder . On the departure of the t r ain at 1000 hours the Austrian switc hman turned one of the switches at the station before the train had completely cros sed the track , which c aused the last car of the train to become derailed . It was necessar -. to disco nnect this car and proceed without it . General Clark arrived by train at Vlels at 1200 hours where he was met by Colonels Hume and Lloyd M. Hanna . General Clar k ' s par ty was escorted to the 1-:.Sthaw where he reviewed the Honor Guar d made up of 4 th Constabulary t roops and after having been presented to the Burgomeister , the Gener al attended a ceremony at which time he rec eived several gifts from the City of Wels . General Clar k boarded his train at 1245 hours and proc eeded to Vienna , arriving at 1845 hours . He had dinner with his family at the villa . * :;:--,. ( * * VIENN , NOViI.IBEFt 19 1946: General Clark arrived at his offi( e at 0915 hours . After talking \vith General Tate t he General saw Co_lonel Kretzmann , who had had a conference last night with ChancellQr Figl. Later he saw J,ir . iila rget (Finance) with Generc:11 Tate and after that d i s cussed the food situation with Colonel ullivan . Colonel Rich dropped in t o talk with the General concerning bis pers onal health after Tihich General Clark saw General Gailey , Chief of Staff in Berlin. t 1030 hours General Clark saw vlr . Mowinckle of HOHLD REPORT at w:iich time he gave him a half hour inter view and at 1130 hours he received Colonel Boyce , head of t he 'LCS in rlashington , Colonel i.icCl1,,1. re, head of the Theater CS , and Mrs . Herrick , official advisor . The General held a discussion on Ci- with 1ilr . Hynes at 1215 hours, shortly after which he had l unch . I mm d iately following t he lunch hour General Clark saw Colonel Ladue on IS B topics concerning publishing of books . General Tate saw t he General at 1500 · hours at whi. ch time he informed t he General of the crashing of an airplane carry ing Jirs . Tate , General and 1)Irs . Haynes , Colonel and Mrs . 1~IcIUahon and daughter, and u1rs . Snavely , and p iloted by Captain Tate . The plane had been cleared to pick up the party at idunich to carry them to Italy and it is believed to have been forced down on a mountain nenr t he Frenc h- Italian border . Five are repor ted as seriou$ly injured . .Aid is already on the way searching for the pl ane . General Clark, much saddened by the news , left his office for hi s villa in or der to inform ;.;;.rs .. Clark of t he tragic incid ent. He had dinner at the villa a1 d av,aited further news on the _µlane . r,. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Clliefs cf pass to State De partment , s-"C P.ET, P- 6174: taff , t1S,inc e my return here it has become increasingly evident that the Soviets do not intend to allow indigenous food products to 1 ove from their Zone to other parts of -vstria witho11t compensating imports from the other �( zones, nor is there any indication that the Soviets intend to allow the Austrian Goverl'1...r1ent to have any control of the distribution of foodstuffs grovm on lands which the Soviets have seized under their interpretatic n of the otsdam Agreement . u:1J.ore than a month ago the .Austrian Government sent a letter to the Soviet Commander asking if the Government would be given control over crops raised on seized land . To date no reply to this inquiry has been received and the Government has been unable to take any action toward distribution on f ood harvested on these lands . "On 4 Oct the Sov Command issued an order to the La~d Governors of Lower .Austria and Burgenland which contains the following: 0 Any exportation of agricu=-. tural and :i.r.dustrial products, raw materials, and other materials will only __,e carried out with ye ur knowledge· and if authorized by the Sov Commander- in- Chief through the Economics Division of the Sov Element of the lied Commission for ustria . · "'This rdnance applies above all to foodstuffs but also to.all kinds of raw r.iaterials and finished products of your land . 1 "On 4 Nov the Sov Command issued a second order concerning the movement of potatoes into Vienna . This order directed that potatoes moved into the city from the 8-ov Zone be distributed only .in the Sov Bezirke . It remains to be seen if this order is to be implemented . "On 5 fov and 15 l:Tov I had a talk with the Sov Commander on this subject . It was clear from this discussion that the Sovs do not intend to authorize any shipments of indigenous food to the other zones if such shipments will lower the ration in the Sov Zone. If any food is shipped to the other zones they insist u1-;on compensating importts of other food items. The reason for this action is to protect the living standard of the peoplo. in the i-JOV Zone . It was brought 01t in our discussion that the ovs do not intend to import any food from Rtmsia . It was claimed that Russia does not have enough food for its own people . "I am confident that Cov control over indigenous food in their Zone will become rwre and nore rigid as the winter progresses , and that they intend to ignore any ustr · an Govt food distribution plan vJhich requires otitshipments to other zones without compensating imports . The effect of this will be to require direct negotiations between the Sovs and the other Zone Commanders on a barter basis, with the us Govt . bypassed . The Sov Commander frankly stated that they were taking this course of action to protect against the situation which prevailed last winter, when the three Western Zones were better fed than the S.ov Zone . 11 "GLRR food st-;.pplies are still being distributed in the Sov Zone . It is tco late to take any action to cut off the Sov Zone from the benefits of mm.RA supplies for the current ration period which ends on 8 December , as available supplies have been distributed to all zones . Furthermore , U1? relief ends en 31 December . 1 ' Since the addl 60 , OOO tons of nat pr ocured by Ul1R1 was ob-tained only because the ,;ar Lept reduced its bill for supplies furnished from ;ulitary ctock.s , it, is recommended thrtt this wheat not repeat not be shipped as an UNRR supply , but instead be shipped to me as a military supply in addition to the supi~·lies I will need for my zone . If this is done I pl~n to use this as a weapon against tne ovs to force them to break down zonal control and to put more food into Vienna . This wheat is needed in the S-ov Zone to come anyv here near feeding the new 1550 ration scale . O ( �[ "It is obvious that the Sovs are using food as a political weapcn . supplies only aid them in this reg""rd . Our position will be stronger if we retain control of the 60 , 000 tons addl wheat ,, Early consideration of this proposal is requested . HRelated subject . In my zone it is estimated t hat about 800 calories daily per person is available from indigenous production . I am watchine: the situation to see thc:it as a result of the recent Sov controls over indigenous food in their zone, the us Govt does not make excessive shipments out of ny zone into the Brit and French zones to meet deficits. Principle shortages in my zone to provide the current 1550 ration scale are wheat , pulses and sugar . If Ul 1 supplies contim.:e to arrive thru 31 Dec I can get by· until then . ter that date I must rely upon CA/, JG stocks which have been called forward for Jan and Feb . It is therefore urgent that my military pipline be reestablished before 31 Dec. The urgency of mal:ing early shipments of food items already called forward was p-;t forth in ;ny message P- 5758 to Echols on 5 .November . 11 U ·~m * VIE JJ , N0VKIB-B. 20, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately saw Colonel Kretzmann on the .Austrian food situation . Cclonel Pesek talked with the General concerning the latest news from the crashed plane and later the General talked with Colonel Oxx and General Hickey . t 1300 hours General Clark received Colonel General Zheltov, Deputy Corunander of Russian Troops in ustria, and after a long c onference on the food situation in Austria had General Zheltov as guest for lunch . Immediately after lunch General Zheltov left headl~Uarters and Gene ral Clark discussed res-c:lts of the conference with ;.-r . Erhardt and Colonel Oxx . He then saw Colonel Pesek , w10 gave him the latest information on the plane and he then walked to r1is villa . * * * VIEI'JI:A, NOVE IBER 21 1946,: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and itrneditltely conferred wi th (. lonel Fesek on the latest news conc'Jrning the cras hed plane . Later he talked with General Hickey and then held a long conference vdth 2-Tr . Erhardt .' After completing his correspondence, General Glark left his office for the villa vk.:ere he had lunch ·,ith 1•1rs . Clark and .Ann . In the evening he had the tv,o daughters of General and i..rs. Haynes at his home for dinner and a movie. * * ·n.L£1~I.", N VK:B:&l. 22 1946: General Clark arrived tit his office at 1000 hours and immediately called for Colonel Sullivan, head of Civilian Food Supply, to be briefed on the latest food situation . .After Colonel Sullivan , General Clark saw Colonel Howard, G- 2, and at 1100 hours rec·eived :,~r . :·Iartin, who is in Vienna attempting to locate scattered equipment belonging to Standard Oil Company of Nevi Jersey . Mr . Jiartin is the father-in-law of Consul Bay, whom the. General knew in I~1ilan . General Clark conferred vdth ifr . irltardt and after going over so:-·e official papers left for .lis villa where he had lunch . In the afternoon he took a long walk with Colon,31 Joseph .,. . • vJ.livan (QB) and in the evening �43 had dinner vvi th ,..\rs . Clark at the villa . * * i IB "R 2.3 1946; General Clark arrived at .his office at 0900 hours and irnmediately conferred vii th Colon.el esek concerning the latest news on the plane . It now has been discovered that the plane crashed in Switzerland , and relief JY rties are on the way . Later General Clark conferred with G,3n9ral Hickey and Colonel Howard and at 1000 hoi...rs saw Major Peyton . t 1045 hours General Clark saw Sir John Boyd Orr , Food and Agriculture Representative from the United Hations. i. Irs . Clark and Colon~l Lazar conferred ~ith the General at 1100 hcurs on plans for Christmas for the Viennese children and shortly thereafter General Clark re turned to his villa with iTS . Clark . J.t 1400 hours he went for a tour of Vienna , accompanied by I.Irs . Clark and n, returning to his villa at 1600 hocrs . In the evening he had dinner I j th .~s . Clark and Ann at the villa and retired early . . lJuring the night the General received the good news that all pas encers on the crashed plane v1ere still alive and in good condition . V ~Nr , NOV The Commanding General ' s office received a copy of the followiLg telegram, from SEC~.,T TE to 1.:LEG TI N VIENNA, Secret, No . 1031 , paraphrase: ttRef your No . M.G.3 and 1465 of 20 ov . here should be no hesitation on your part in reassuring officials of the us Govt on basic erican policy stressing the following.: n1 . There is no basis in fact for these rumors which appear from time to time as an effort to enlarge discussions into a deal and which have most lately come up in connection with discussions of US plans for mandated ·acific Islands . "2 . "'ffort is constantly being exerted to deal .with the Russians in UN and elsewhere on all points of difference suc h as the effort to achieve early consideration of the J.us treaty and agreement on the problem of German assets so that there can be a return to normalcy in the wart~rn countries including Southeastern Eurupe . 11 .3 . Until other occupyine powers also withdrawn and until a treaty reestablishing a democratic and free ustrian state is in power, there vdll be no withdrawal from ustria . 11 4 . Rumors false in light of the US program for continuation of large scale economic aid . n Acheson J1ctinr . * * * * VIEr·~h , NOVE..B.&R 24 1946: General Clark remained at h:.Ls villa throughout the daJ taking a long walk in the morning with Colonel Sullivan . In the evening he had General and .~1r-s . Dager, Colonel and .: rs. Sullivan and Lt . Colonel and l 1Irs . Carl ton Y~ . S.argent as dinner guests . * * * �49 VIEr,.'lIA, NOVEMBER 25, l946i General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He cleared up his accumw..ated. correspondence and then coni'erred with. Colonel Oxx on his attending the Executive Council meeting today. He then discussed with General Hickey and Colonel Grogan the publicity angle on the crashed plane after which he conferred with Colonel Shineman, Transportation Chief, USACA.. General Clark then talked with Colonel Pesek 011 the arrangements for the reception et the hospital train which will arrive at l+"'ranz Josef Bahnhof at 2050 hours tonight. After conferring again nth General Hickey, General Clark left for his villa where he had lunch. In the afternoon General Clark took a walk and rested. After dinner with his family, the General went to the F'ranz Josef Bahnhof where he met the heapita.l train bringing the survivors of the plane back to Vienna. Mrs. Tate, Mrs. Snavely, Mrs. Haynes, General Haynes and Alice Mary McMahon were able to go to their homes while General and Mrs. lticMahon aild Captain Tate proeeeded to the hospital. It was wol'lderf'ul to be able to see these old friends in such good cordition after their almost tragic experience. The General returned to his villa at 21.30 hours. Chancellor Figl, Austrian Government, sent the following note to the Ganeral on the plane accident: - "Wit);l great joy I received the report that the passengers of the American airplane had been found in good health and had safely been brough:t into the valley. I deeply shared your anxiety concerning the fate of the missing perso:cs and was continuously informed of the course of the rescue proceedings. "May I ·a sk you, dear General, first of all to forward to General Tate the assurance of my sympathy and my joy for the rescue of Mrs. Tate and his son, and express him my hope that Mrs. Tate will recover from the terrible shock as soon as possible. 11.Accept, dear General, the assurance of my highest esteem.fl to V-i ar Department sent the following message to CG tJSFl, Ref No. S-6406, Confid•ntials "War Dept proposes Brig Gen Joseph Smith as replacement for Brig Gen Ralph A. Snavely on the General Officer rotation slate for July 1947. i'ie assume actual replacement would not occur until next June.. quest your comments." Re- * VIENNA, NOVEMBElt 26, 19461 General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 ho\lrs and immediately conferred with General Hickey who was followed by Colonel Oxx. The General called in General Saavely to discuss with him the publicity angle and the complicated problems surrounding the crashed plue in Switzerland. At 1030 hours General Vfoed of the Arm:, Exchange Service called on General Clark to pay his respects. General Weed is in Vienna for one day in order that he might investigate the Army Exchange Service. General Hickey and Colonel Paxson discussed with Gener.a l Clark the new troop streagth and assignments. Following this, General Clark cenf erred with General Tate en the crashing of the C•53 which was piloted by General Tate•s son. At 1215 hours General Clark received Mr. Leon Pearson, brother or Drew Pearson., alld head of the INS Bureau in Faris. Mr. Pearson , rrith h ·s "ife ~nd £'our chil dren, had arrived on the Mozart at 0700 hours this morning. .itter holding a half•hO\ll'." cont·erence with lvir. Pearson, the · General had him for lunch at the CG iiess in the Bank Building. After lunch �50 General Clark colli' erred with Mr. Erhardt and after seeing General Rickey left his Headquarters for his villa where he rested during the af'ternooa. At 1830 hours he received Mr. and Mrs. Pearson and family ·and at 1900 hours General and Mrs. Clark received Senator Wayne Morse, Republican from Oregon, who arrived by private plane this afternoon. Senator Morse is observing and studying problems of military government 1:a connection with his senatorial duties alxi will remain h Vienna for two daya. After dinner General Clark conferred with Senator Morse and Mr. Pearson. General Clark sent the following personal message te General McNarney, Confidential, _P-6272: "Confirming eur conversation t hia morning concur in War Dept proposal te rotate Gen Ralph Snavely. The job here does not war• rant the assignment of a Gea officer, but have no objection te Gen Joseph Smith.'s assignment if desired by War Dept. In view of above the services ef Brig a.. Snavely can be spared at an earlier date." General Clrk .s ent the following message te General Echols, Restricted, P-6263: "You may recall that I was instrumental in obtaining authority fer Mr. Robt K. Christenberry, !>resident Hotel Assoc ,;,f America to come ever .here last liev. Me was extremely valuable in assist1n.g us in. our food, housing and recreatienal preblems, particularly for enlisted mu. •With the influx of American businessmen, civilian employees and depe:adents since Mr. Christenberry,' s last visit we are confronted with a ·complex problem· in matters of hotel management, food conservation, mess improvement and consolidation. "It would be of great assistance to me if Mr. Christenberry could retur• to Viennt\ for an0ther series ef collferences and inspections. Re• quest necessary steps be taken to send lb:-. Christenberry to Vielma for a period of 3 to 4 weeks. Please inform me of estimated time ef arrival.• VIENNA, ·.NOVEf¥ffiER 27, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0830 hours. He immediately conferred with Colonel Sullivan, Chief of Civilian , Supply, U~ACA, on the food situation. The RussiaM have stopped all indigenous food from flo\villg eu~ of t l1eir zone, consequently causing somewhat of a crisis. General Clark received Senater Morse at 0930 heure ed cenferred with him until 1100 hours o• the conditions and complicated ·problems in Austria. Senator Morse tlien met with several members ef the statt who briefed him on various subjects such .as finance, agriculture, etc. General Clark talked with Generals Tate and Hickey and at ll30 hours received Dr. Gruber, Austrian Foreign Minister, who has just returnea from the United States. Senator Morse returmed at 1230 hour£i; and met Dr. Gruber with whom he conferred f or a time. Immediately upen .departure of Milu.ster Gruber, General Clark entertained Senator Morse at lU11ch .i n the CG Mess in the Bank Building. After lunch the General conferred with Mr. Erhard-£ and at 1530 hours returned to his villa.. At 1830 hours General Clark returned to the Ba.Bk Building where he met General Bethouart am acoempal11ed him tc a cocktail party given by the French Commander for the French veterans of t he Italian campaign. General Clark, h ~ving been their Cemmander-in-C;hief', was invited to this party in that capacity. The General returned to his villa at 2000 hours where he had dinner with his ·family. * �5l VlE.l'fflA, NOVE:,ffiER 28, 1946:: General Clark arrived at his off ice at 1000 hours and at 10.30 h0urs received General Betb.C>uart with whom he c,u.u'erred 011 the food problem. Ger1eral Clark has arrived at ·a plan. whereby a food committee would be formed consisting of a member from each of the four power•, one from the Jl.ustriu Government url one frem UNRRA, to investigate the food problem and by peeling all f ,ood arrive at a workable sclutie.11. to this critical question. General Bethouart left headquarters at 1120 hours.' Immediately upon the conclusion ef the food conference, General Clark received Marcus Ray, special assistant te the Secretary of War who ia in the theater investigating the employment ind redeployment of negro treops. Mr. Ray conferred with the General until 1200 hours oa various problems eencer~g negro troops. General Clark then conferred with Col. Kretzmann a:nd left the office at 1245 hours to walk to his villa 1il ere he had Thanksgiving dinner with bis family. h the evening General and Mrs. Clark and Ann called on _General and Mrs. Tate and then were guests for evenhg dinner at the homa of Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan.. . General Clark received the following message from War Dept (F.chola) Restricted, No Ref. Number: "Robert K:. Christenberry, President Betel Astor, agrees to return Vienna 'fer series conference• and iaspection on toed, heusing and recreatienal problems. He is un.able advise exact date he will be available, hewever, that information. will be subn.itted in near future. Please advise salary basis en m ich you desire Cnristoberry. Nothing further.• ( VIENNA, NOVEMBER 29, 1946.: General Clark, arrived at his office at 0845 hours and spent the early part of the morning conferring with Mr. Erhardt, General Tate and Colonel Oxx on the agema for the .tlllied Council meeting. Today will be a critical session because of the food situation which is the main point on the agenda to be discussed. At 1040 hours General Clark, accompanied by Mr. Erhardt and General Tate, left Headquarters to go to the Allied Council meeting. During the meeting the four Commanders had a closed session on the food situation at which time General Clalk introduced a proposal for a food committee. Although the session was quite stormy, nothing definite was accomplished. General Clark returned tb Headquarters at 16.JO hours and immectiately held a press conference attended by the fpllowingJ Caroline Camp M. W. Fodor G. K. Hodenfield Ernest Leiser John MacCormac A. J. McChrystal Stars am Stripes Chicago Sun Associated Press Stars and Stripes New York Times Karl Quigley International ~ews Service New York Times Time and Life United Press Albion Ross John Walker f. . M. Werner Samuel G:rossman Theodore Kaghan Newsweek A ti D Wiener Kurier At 1720 hours the General attended a cocktail party given by the �( Yugoslav political representative to ~ustria in commemoration of the first anniversary of the forming of the People's Republic of Yugoslavia. General Clark returned to his villa at 1900 hours ,1here he had dinner with Mrs. Clark. * * * VIENNA, NOVEM13EF( 3(), 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately conferred with General Hickey an:l later talked with General Tate. Mr. Marget (Fiscal) was called in on@ conference and following arune the General talked with Colonel D'Orsa who is now also head of the Civilian Food Supply. Later in the morning General Clark conferred with .GeneralHickey ,and Colonel Rutter on certain proposed marriages which G-2 had also disapproved because of the .political background of the prospective brides. The ,General left Headquarters and had lunch with l\-1 rs. Clark at the villa. At 1530 hours he returned to Headquarters and immediately conferred wi~h General Tate on subjects which he would discuss in the briefing to be given,·S enator Kenneth s. Wherry, Republican from Nebraska, who arrived at l~O hours. General Clark received the Senator at his office and held a tY1o•hour briefing, giving the Senator the background of the Austrian si.tuation. Senator Wherry accompanied General Clark to his villa where the General had guests for dinner an:i listened in on the broadcast of the Army-Navy game which emed _Army 21, Navy 18. ' ( General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Department, S~RET, P•63ll: ".At its meeting on 29 November 1946 the Allied Council for Austria considered aid rejected appeals lodged by the Aus Ministry of Justice on behalf of two Aus judges who had been members of Nazi organizations during the German occupation; noted a statement by the chairman on the progress of the Aus Denazification Law in the quadripartite Legal D-irectorate; and approved action taken by the Exec Committee since the last AC meeting, incl uding extension of authority to the Aus Gov to issue diplomatic and transit viaas to certain categories of individuals, approval of a number of non-constitutional laws, am recommendations to the Jlus Gov as to the steps that should be taken to decrease the Fed Budget during the remainder of the present fiscal year and for the fiscal year 1947. "At the begiDning of the meeting the Political Representative of the Republic of Chile, Signor Martin Figueroa, was presented to the Council. "The most important question under consideration at this meeting was that of the food situation in Austria. Because of the fact that the solution to this problem had not been resolved in the several formal quadripartite meetings held on this subject, it was decided to adjourn the Council meeting and hold an informal meeting of the four Al- . lied Commanders-in-Chief. At this inf'ormal session, I presented a resolution calling for the establishment of an advisory food board, consisting of reps of each of the occupying powers, UNRRA and the Aus Gov. This board, in cooperation with the Federal Food Ministry, would prepare the monthly food plan which would be submitted to the �53 for approval prior to the period covered therebyJ insure proper utilization of indigenous food in accordance with the food plan; and _recommend to the Allied C,ouncil any changes in the .ilus ration between now and the next harvest. My resolution also called for agreements that all indigenous and all ilnported food will be pooled and made available for use throughout all of Austria on a monthly basis and that each Al• lied occupying power will allow the Aus Gov to move foodstocks without restrictions, all in accordance with the approved monthly food plans. "As pointed out in previous messages from me, Sov interferences with the free movement of food products by the J!us Gov has been the greatest obstacle to the successful eareying out of a satisfactory food program. On the other hand, the Sovs excuse this action on their part on the grounds that their zone is being discriminated against in the matter of food imports from other zones, which is not· correct. My resolution was designed to settle these controversial questions once and for all~ The Brit atrl French High Commanders generally agreed to my proposals. The Sov acting High Commissioner, after considerable argument, agreed that the Council should meet at an extraordinary session on 3 December in an effort to settle food question. I hope that the pres• sure which I }lave been applying on the Sovs may induce tnem to get in line with the other occupying powers and may result in a general improve• ment in the food si tuation, both currently and in the post-UNRRA Period. "It i s therefore essential that my mil pipeline be filled up as planned by the War Dept and also that the 6o,OOO tons of wheat purchased with War Dept funds by UNRRA for the Aus account be redirected into my control. I have already recomme:r.rled this last measure. Only by having a large reserve can I force the Sovs into s haring the burden of feeding Vien~a. I feel that I can do this, even if I have to barter directly with the Sovs, and thus «\Vert a serious situation in Vienna am avoid t he terrific embarrassment wh1ch will come to both the US Element and the A.us Gov if we cannot continue to feed the population. In this con• nection see my P 6307." NJ ( * * * VIENNA, D~EMBER 1 1 1946: General Clark left the villa at 0845 hours and proceeded to 110th Station Hospital to visit Colonel and rs. McMahon. Arriving at his office at 0930 hours he immediately began working on the details for briefing Senator Wherry in the afternoon. He conferred with members of his staff including Generals Hickey and Tate an:i Colonels Sullivan and Oxx, Mr. Marget and Mini ster Erhardt. At 1130 hours, Lt. Clark conferred· with the General. At 1230 hours 1m General began to walk to the villa for lunch. After walking about three blocks the General, suffering r rom a cold, finished the trip by car. At 1500 hours General Clark returned to the office to confer with General Tate, Mr. Erhardt and Dr. Motz_prior to the arrival of Senator Wherry. At '1810 hours Senator Wherry, accompanied by Colonel Grogan, returned from his flight to Prague and immediatel y qame to the Commanding General's of'fice.- After a short briefing by General Clark, Senator Wher17 was interviewed by Mr. Ross of · t he .New York Times; and then conferred with Colonel Hynes, local CARE representative. At 1930 hours General and Mrs. Clark entertained Senator Wherry, President Renner, Foreign Minister and Mrs. Gruber, and Mr . and Mrs. Erhardt at dinner. The party was en• hanced by the presence of the gypsy orchestra from the Hotel BriStol. �( ) The Senato.r conferred with Dr. Gruber and President Renner concerning local politics and the .EA.ustrian situation. * * * * · vm .NA, D~EMBER 2 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0835 hours and prepared to receive Senator Wherry, who was ·to be further briefed on the local situation. The Senator arrived at 0940 hours for a short conference. At 1000 hours General Clark conferred wi th Colonel Grogan and at 'l0l0 hours spoke with Mr. Quigley of INS concerning data on what the Commanding General. has done to help Austria i n a humanitarian way. At 1030 hours the General again conferred with Colonel Grogan and Mr • .l!irhardt. At 1130 ho.u rs the General was joined by Mrs. Clark to attend a · decoration ceremony for Colonel Thomas Lewis, held in the Conference Room. Oolonel lewis, the retiring VAC commander, 1s l eaving to return to the States. In commemoration of his great service during the years 1940• 1946, when he was wi th General Clark, the l atter presented him with m.s second Legion of Merit medal. The General returned to his office with Mrs. Clark. At 1230 hours he hoo. lunch, having as his guests Senator Wherry, Colonel Grogan and Colonel Jefferson, the l atter accompanying Senator Wherry on his tour. At 1430 hours the General walked back to the vill a. At 1900 hours General and Mrs. Clark went to Minister Erhardt' s for cocktails and at that time bade Senator Wnerry goodbye. VlENijA, .u~EMBER .3, 1946: ·General Clark arrived at his of fice at 0900 hours and conferred with Generals Tate and Oxx, Coloneli D'Orsa, and Lt. Colonels .McFeely and Kretzmann. General H~vn~s is soon to be released as Special Advisor to the General and will be assigned as head of the Military Government for Upper Austri a. Colonel D1 0rsa was contacted regarding two shiploads of food whi~h arrived at Bremerhaven which were meant for shipment to Austria. However, it ns found that these shipments upon being unloaded were shortstopped by Military authorities in liermany for use in that area. Before t he day ended it was determined that this food, 14 tons in all, would be shipped into the Austrian Zone. Colonel Kretzmann made his daily report concerning Chancellor Figl am received t he Generals instructions concerning certain press releases on the food situation which he wished Chancellor Figl to have prepared for release upon t he General's directi on. At 1035 hours, accompanied by Mr. Erhardt am General Tate and Colonel Oxx, the General l eft for the All ied Council meeting. During the ·day his office received reports concerning the progress of theectraordinary eouncil meeting held for the purpos,e of discussing and perhaps solving the crit ical food situation. During the course of the meeting the Russians introduced their proposal for solving the food situation and Great Britain later introduced its own proposal. The proposal of General Clark had been submitted at the last meeting November 29. Following a stormy session on food tbe High Commis$ioners conferred on occupation costs. At 1730 hours the General returned to his office and immediately held a press conference attended by the follow:L~; · ( �M. w. Fodor G. K. Hodenf'ield Josef Israels Ernest Leiser A. J. McChrystel Karl Quigley Albion Ross John Walker M. M. Werner Theodore Kaghan Samuel Grossman Chicago Sun Associated Press This Week Stars and Stripes News Week International News Service New York Times · Time and Life United Press Wiener Kurier AND At 1810 hours the General returned to the villa for dinner. At 1945 General arxi Mrs . Clark visited the home of Captain Rogers and then returned to their villa to retire. * ( VIENNA, DlOOEMBER 4, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately conferred with General Hickey on several. routine official matters. He later talked with Colonel Paxson and General Hickey and at 1000 hours saw Colonel Rich. At 1015 hours General Clark conferred with General Haynes on his new assignment as Military Governor of Upper A.ustria. General Haynes was followed by Mr. Quigley of INS, who interviewed the General for fifteen minutes. Mr. Erhardt saw GeneraJ. Clark at 1045 hours at which time he discussed the General's atte~dance at the discussion of the ..:Austrian peace treaty, when this subject arises. Later ·Mr. Erhardt introduced Mr. Karl L. Rankin, who will be number two man in the Political Section. Lt. Colonel Ted Klein saw the General in order to present him with a mandolin made entirely of match sticks. This instrument had been made by an Austrian civilian arrl presented to the General as a gift. At 1130 hours General Clark received Sgt . Henry F. Faust of VAC Headquarters, who is the 300th recruit in a new recruiting program for Regular £Army. Colonel D1 0rsa talked with the General for a short time on the food situation and cleared a few cables with him. Later Colonel Howard saw the General immediately following which the General left Headquarters for his villa where he had. lunch with Mrs. Clark. The General spent the afternoon at his villa and in the evening had Colonel and Mrs . Eberhardt and Colonel and Mrs. Pomeroy as his guests .:for dirmer. * l * * VIENNA, llIDEMBER 5, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0940 hours. After going over a few papers he conferred with General Hickey and later with General Tate. At 1030 hours General Tate brought Colonels Ladue and Grogan and Mr. Erhardt in to see the General concerning the activities of ISB. After talking with Colonel Howard, General Clark had a l ong· conference with Mr . Arthur MeChrystal, ·who is now here ·in Vienna as an accredited war correspondent, on his activities with ISB while head of that organization. At 1160 hours General Clark saw Colonel McLean, Judge Advocate, at which time he reviewed eleven court martial cases, a:rxi immediately following saw Colonel Grogan again. After going over accumulated correspondence, General Clark went to his villa where he had lunch with Mrs . Clark. lEn the evening General Clark saw the movie "Anne and the King of Siamtt at his villa. �VIENNA, DIDEMBER 6, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately held a long conference with General Tate, following which he saw General Hickey. After going over several official documents General Clark held a long conference with Mr. Erhardt. Later he called on Colonel Shaler, head of' USACA, concerning the budget for the forthcoming period, during which time the u.s. Element will be in the Chair of the Allied Council. Colonel Sayen and Colonel Heath were called in concerning this conference. Later the General saw Generals Hickey am Dager and Colonel Grogan on arrangements for the "Christmas in V'ienna" dance to be held for the enlisted personnel in Vienna. It had been discovered that the program had incl uded qui te a group of former Nazi party members and General Clark reviewed the details on t his subject very ciosely. After having conferred again with Colonel Grogan, General Clark left his office for his villa where he had lunch with Mrs. Clark. During the afternoon he ~eviewed official documents in his office at the vil la and in the evening had dinner with hiS family. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff pass to State Department, SIOORET, P-6342: ( "At an extraordinary session of the .1.Allied C.o uncil 3 December, two subjects were discussed: (1) Occupation costs and (2) Austri~n food supply. "Allied Council agreed on occupation costs for current quarter ending 31 December and for f'irst quarter 1947. For current quarter agreed on 25% of A.ustrian civil budget (187.5 million Schillings) with Sovs receiving 112.5 million and each other element receiving 25 million Schillings. Larger proportion given to Sov Element because of contemplated redeployment substantial S.ov Forces in near future. F'ar be it from me to interfere with the withdrawal of Sov Troops from Aus. For first quarter 1947 occupation costs to be 15% of Aus budget (131.3 million Schillings) with Sov Element reeeiving 4U million and each other element receiving 30.4 million. In connection with discussions in Al.lied Council this subject see my message P-634,0. "The food situation in Austria has been critical for some time as reported in my several messages sent during the past month. Most of the time con~umed in the extraordinary meeting was devoted to a full discussion of this subject. · · "It has been my desire from the outset to treat Austria as a unit, particularly with reference to food. With UNRRA injected into the picture, with only partial means of providing the pr esent 1550 ealorie ration scale, and with the only other resource being indigenous food, it is essential that al l cormnanders permit the Aus Gov cQmplete freedom in moving indigenous supplies . from one zone to another in order to carry out food plans drawn up by the Gov in conjunction with UNRRA. The Sovs in the .AC have repeatedly gone on record in agreeing to allow the Austrians to move indigenous supplies other t han oil and foodstuffs on land which the Sovs have requisitioned or claimed to be Sov property under Potsdam.Thi s they agreed to as late as the 25th of Oct 1946. However, for the past month the Sovs have imposed increasing restrictions on the movement of indigenous food out of their zone, even though t he food to be moved had been set up in the Aus Gov food plan. "Prior to the regular meeting of the £. on 29 Nov and the extra• �ordinary meeting on 3 Dec, I had several conferences with the other commanders on the subject of the food situation. The Sov Commander admitted to me that he could not permit the Aus Gov to move indigenous food p1~0ducts out of the Sov Zone without restriction. He stated that there was starvation in the Sov Zone last winter and he could not permit this to happen again because of diversion of indigenous food to other zones. He realizes that UNR.R.A is going out of the picture and that he can no longer look to that source for addl supplies to his zone. On the other hand, . he admitted that the Sov Union was j.mporting no food into Aus and that because of food shortages in the Sov Union no imports from that source would be forthcoming in the future. The Brit and French Commanders are greatly concerned over the situation because they have no assurance as yet from their Govs that they can import any food when UNRR.A aid expires. Both the Brit arrl French -zones have very limited indigenous food supplies. These two zones face the most critical condition if Sov restrictions continue to be applied and the Brit and French are unable tu import from outside sources. 0 At the extraordinary meeting on 3 Dec this subj ect was thoroughly aired. The Sovs submitted resolution which embodied many of my proposals made at the regular .AC meeting on 29 Nov but contained a provision to censure the Aus Gov for raising the ration from 1200 calories to 1550 oalo:des. The Sovs. held out strongly for censuring the Aus Gov. Brit, Amer and French elements were as strong in t heir apposition to such a proposal . as it was obvious the Sovs wanted t censure the Gov only for political reasons. The other point of difference in the Sov resolution was not reconciled and .further discussion of the whole matter was deferred until the next regular meeting of the .AC on 13 December. It was agreed, however, that for the next ration period , 9 Dec to 3 Jan each commander would allow the Aus Gov to move indigenous food supplies freely without interference by occupational forces. It remains to be seen how effectively the Sovs will carry out their part of this agreement . The situation after 3 Jan remains to be settled. "In tne discussion which took place at the extraordinary meeting, it became qu:i te clear to me that the Sovs intend to use food as a pol i tical weapon in Aus. The Russian blockade of food shipments has led to serious local accumulati ons and only the mild weather has prevented serious losses frqm frost and exposure. In some districts the storage houses are completely filled and peasants arriving at collection points with grain and potatoes have been sent home with their produce unloaded and mldelivered. This practice must inevitably result in waste and loss of indigenous food. The local Sov and Communist Press continually denounce the Chancellor for rais j_ng the ration and they are quick to publish articles stressing the lack of food in certain areas 'because of government d~stribution inefficiency. So far the Sovs have not interfered with any movements1 of UNRRA supplies. "At the extraordinary meeting I took a strong stand against Sov practice and pointed out to the Sov commander the violation of his many agreements, including t he UNRRA agreement, and that reluctantly I was prepared to undertake Zonal feeding unless the Sovs came into line on a reasonable policy for feeding Aus. The Sov commander knows that I will obtain imports through my mil pipeline and that I will be prepared to meet any threat he might · put up to bring about starvation, particularly in Vienna. I am certain that this fact was the principal reason that he agreed to allow the movement of indigenous food for the next ration a period. - �''This · is an indication that the treat of using my food has produced some results in the solution of the critical food problem in Aus. ThiS has been impossible as long as we were dependent entirely on UNRRA for imports. It is therefore obvious that under present conditions in Aus best results cannot be obtained by using an international organizati on for. pr oviding relief.There are indications in the press that certain nations · and influences are making efforts to retain UNRRA or some other international organization after Jan l, financed primarily by the US, but without power to protect the interests of the US Gov. I am most emphatically opposed to such an organization having any future operations in Aus. I feel that the best interests of the US in Aus can be protected by placing full control of food and other supplies purchased with American funds in the hands o! the US Com,nissioner rather than under the control of any international organization. ~y having complete control of food and other relief supplies furnished by US funds I can insure their best use in the /lus economy and use these resources to force the other powers to contribute a greater share toward the reconstruction of the country. I urge my .Gov to support this view. 11 * I { * * VIE!'\JNA, D~EMBER 7, 1946: General Clark arrived at hJ_s office at 0930 hours. After dictating several letters, General Clark saw 1\/ir. Erhardt and latei talked with General Rickey concerning the final arrangements for the Christmas in Vienna" dance. He next held a long conference with Ge~ral Tate and called in Colonel Lazar for a meeting on the plans for the Christmas parties for A.ustri~ns. At 1200 hours Mrs. Clark came to the General's office and waited for him while he finished reviewing official papers. Accompanied by Mrs. Clark, the .General left his office to go his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. In the evening he had Colonel and Mrs . Sullivan and Colonel and Mrs. Howard as dinner guests. General Clark received the following telegram from General Gruenther: "Casey phoned to advise me that McCarthy group is becoming restless and desires some expression of intention from their principal. He suggested that he would like to talk to you by phone but I know no way that can be arranged unless you have a plan. If no phone connection is possible he will send you summary of Group position by letter. He is very eager to save time however. 11 General Clark sent the following message to General Gruenther in reply to the above telegram:_ "It was my impression that McCarthy group was going to communicate with me as a result of our last conference. No practical way to talk by telephone. Calls must be initiated liere for three minutes and are booked up heavily for soldiers prior to holidays. Suggest he send full details by letter. Upon receipt I will be able to give hi@ the expression he desires.'' ( * �59 VIEN A, D~EMBER 8, 1946: General Clark remained at hj s villa durittg the day and took a long walk in the morning with Mrs. Clark. After lunch ·the General rested and then went over some official papers. In the evening he had dirmer with his family at the villa. * * VIEN ~A, DE£E1i1BER 9, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours and immediately saw Colonel Smith, Headquarters Commandant, who was waiting for him • . Colonel Smith discussed the arrival of the new colored Gar Company which will be stationed in Vienna and the selection of Major Kolber as Comp~ny Commander. Major Rolber was formerly with G-1, Zone Command. At 1015 hours General Clark rec~ived Colonel~hingler, new Theater Engineer officer who is inspecting engineer installations in Austria. Next General Clark saw Colonel Paxson, and after conferring with G~neral Tate attended a decoration ceremony in the Conference Room where he presented eleven enlisted men with the Army Commendation Ribbon for their meritorious service while serving in USFA. Immediately following the ceremony, General Clark was interviewed by Mr. Robert Low, present Chief of Time and Life Bureau in Rome, who wil l be coming to Vienna around the first of -the year in the same capacity. He conferred with Mr. Low until 1230 hours and then saw 1 r. Erhardt. rJir. Erhardt was followed by Joe Israels, war correspondent. At 1315 hours General Clark had lunch in t he Bank Building with Mr. Low as hj s guest. After seeing General Hickey and General Tate, the General dictated some letters and at 1600 hours left his office for his villa where he spent the remainder of the - ( day. * VIE~NA, DECEMBER 10, 1946: General Glark arrived at his office at 0930 hours and immediately held a long conferenc.e with Colonel Lloyd, Inspector General, who had j ust returned to Vienna from the Zone where he had made several investigati ons, the resul ts of which he discussed with the General at this time. Later General Cl ark discu sad several routine matters with General Hickey and then received General Snavely who presented to General Clark Major General Tur ner, C.ommanding General of the European Division of ATC. At 1035 hours General Tate conferred with the General f or a short t ime concerning the agenda to be discussed at the Executive Committee to be held at 1100 hours today. The General called in hi s son, Lt. Clark, in order to discuss with him his possible transfer from Austria to the 88th Division in Italy. After having seen Lt. Clark the General dictated several l etters and then saw Colonel Pesek immediatel y followi ng which he l eft his office to go to the vil la where he -had l unch with Mrs. Ulark. In the afternoon he reviewed some papers in his office in the villa and in the evening had Dr . and 1rs. Motz as dinner guests. * * * D:mEMBER 11, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediatel y conferred with Colonel Grogan concerni ng press release that Brigadier Parminter gave out on UNRRA last night. · Following thi s conference General Clark conferred with General Tate and Colonel Kretzmann and later saw Colonel Lloyd. At 1045 hours General Clat.t- held a long conference with General. Collins, who arrived from the Zone this VIEN1 , �morning. Following this conference with General Collins, the General recorded a Christmas speech which will be delivered over local New England stations. At 1215 hours GeneraL Clark conferred with Mr. Erhardt and then had lunch in the CG Mess in the Bank Building. After lunch the General held a long conference with General Tate, Colonel Howard and Mr. Erhardt and later saw General Tate and General Hickey. At 1500 hours General Clark left the office to go to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. In the evening he had General Hickey, General Collins and Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan as guests. The General sent the following message to WAR WBSCA ES, SECRET , P"Ref URAD 7 Dec WARX-87190. The 60,000 tons wheat referred to in my P-6174 is that mentioned in par 3b of WARX-87190. I again urge that this wheat not repeat uot be shipped as UNRRA supply but instead be shipped to me as a military supply. The reasons for this recommendation remain as stated in my P-6174. There is still no guarantee that the food problem here will be satisfactorily solved unless I reta111 control of dis~ tribution of this wheat and thereby force Soviets to cooperate in the distribution of' indigenous food supplies from their zone. 11 6380: * * * VIENNA, DIDEMBER 12, 1946: Ge11eral Clark arrived at his office at 0915 hours and immediately conferred with General Hickey on some routine matters, following which he talked with Colonel Lloyd for a long time. After seeing Colonel Grogan, the General conferred with General Tate and later bade good• bye to Colonel Burrill, who is leaving Vienna to become Military Attache at Helsinki, F'inland. !VI.rs . Clark dropped in at the office to see the General after which General Tate conferred with General Clark. The General had lunch in the CG MesH of the Bank ,Building, and after lunch he talked with Generals Tate and Hickey. Later he saw Colonel Mc~ullin on distribution of CARE packages fhr Christmas. At 1500 hours General Ford, a classmate of General Clark and at present theater Ordnance Officer, called on General Clark. General Clark left his office at 1600 hours to go to the villa where he spent the remainder of t ·1e day. * VIE.NNA, il~EMBER lJ, * * 1 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and spent the greater part of the morning conferring with General Tate, Colonel Oxx and Mr . Erhardt on the briefing for the Allied Council meeting. ·Today the big items on the agenda are food and denazification. General Clark returned from the Allied Council _meetl.ng at 1600 hours. This was the first meeting in wh i ch the Russians were very cooperative, ~aking outstanding results. The General held a press conference immedj_ately following the meeting which was attended by the following correspondents: Simon Bourgin Caroline Camp Seymour Freidin Emma Mae Ewing G. K. Hodenfield Ernest Leiser Robert Low Time and Life Stars and Stripes New York Herald Tribune Nashville Tennessean Associated Press Stars and Stripes Time and Life �Karl Quigley Albion Ross M. M• .Werner Samuel Grossman International News Service New York Times United Press A ND (ISB ) Shortly thereafter the General left for his villa to entertain General and Mrs. Ford and Colonel and Mrs. Sullivan. * * VIENNA, DEC&1VIBER 14, 1946: General Clark arrived at his offic·e at 0900 hours and immediately saw Colonel Lloyd. At 1015 hours Mr. Meyer Special Assistant to the Chairman of the -National Red Cross, and a party consisting of Mr. Betts, Mr. Stevens, who is Commissioner for the ETO Red Cross, and Mr. Kunde, called on General Cl~k. After this conference the General conferred with Uolonel McLean, Judge Advocate, following which he saw Lt. Clark. At 1030 hours Mr. Ewing, representative of American . Relief for Austria, Inc., conferred with General Clark concerning the relief work of this organizati on in Austria. Colonel Grogan then saw the General, and Colonel Norcross stopped in to bid the General goodbye as he is leaving ror the States to be separated from the service. After conferring with Generals Tate and · Hickey, General Clark saw Col Oxx at which time he cleared the JCS cable reporting the results of the Allied Council meet ing yesterday. After conferring again with Colonel Grogan Gene~al Clark saw Colonels Pesek and Kretzmann in order to wish them happy birthday and then left for hi s villa where he s pent the afternoon. At 1800 hours the General, accompanied by Mrs. Clark and Ann, Captain Rogers, Captain Tate-, Lt. Slaughter, the Misses Marnie Haynes and Virginia Mary Motz left on his private train to go to Kitzbfuiel ' and then into Switzerland • .. * * * n SALZBURG-KITZBUHEL, DECEMBER 15, 1946.: General Clark's train arrived Salzburg at 0700 hours and was met by General Collins .and Colonel Hume at 0830 hours. After breakfast on the train, General Clark conf erred with General Collins and then departed from Salzburg at 1000 hours. He arrived Kitzbfillel at 1300 hours and immediately went to the Ehrenbachh~he Hotel where he was to stay for a few days rest. In the afternoon the General had his first experience at skiing and after dinner enjoyed a floor show of local Tyrolean folksongs and dances. General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, pass to State Dept, SEX:RET, P-6415; ''Regular session of AC on 1.3 Dec was characterized by an unusual spirit of cooperation and desire to reach unanimous agreement on the three major items which comprised the agenda and by a complete reversal by t he Sov member of the positi ons previously taken by his element on these bghly controversial matters. It was the most successful meeting of the Council in many months, as is evidenced by the fact that a communique .was issued for the first time since 28 June 1946. "On the question of denazificati on of Aus higher institutions of' learning, the Council agreed on a resolution taking cognizance of the action already taken by the Fed Gov and declaring that denazification of such in- �( J ( stitutions was a matter to be carried out by the :B 'ed Gov under supervision of the Allied Commission. The ·council instructed the Internal Affairs and Education Directorates of the Allied Commission to hasten the denazification of faculty members and asked the Fed Gov to submit a report by 15 Feb on the results achieved in the denazification of students under the provisions of a decree promulgated by the Fed Minister of Education on 6 Dec . That part of the original Sov proposal which called for the closing of the institutions until denazification could be completed was not raised again by the Sov member and was not adopted . The Council I s action on this question followed a recent disturbance at the Univ of Vienna in connection with student elections . · "Final agreement was reached on the new ·n enazification Law by the ,A.us Parliament on 24 July and which, for many months , has been the subj act of • much discussion and controversy in the lower echelons of the Allied Commission. A considerable number of amendments, many of which tend to make the law more strict , had already bean agreed by the Exec Com . These were accepted by the Council. Complete agreement was accomplished when allelements adopted a US-proposed provision requiring that implicatedNtzis considered dangerous to the security of' Aus and who might be arrested and confined in detention camps have the ·right to habeas corpus proceedings, hearing before a proper tribunal and other rights guaranteed under existing Aus law. The US High Commissioner had held out alone against a Sov proposal which was supported by the Brit and }'ranch, that would have deprived individuals thrown into detention camps of their personal liberty without the right of trial or judicial hearing. The Denazification Law now goes back to the Aus Gov for implementation of the AC decis i ons . Its promulgation will. constitute a major step toward the completion of denazification in Aus, and, since there was unanimity on the question, should remove one of the Sov objections to the consideration of an Aus peace t reaty. "With respect to the question of food supply in Aus, the long- standing deadlock caused by the uncompromising attitude of the Sovs was finally broken when the Sov member joined with the other three el ements in agreeing a resolution which incl uded substantially all the points which the US High Commissioner has been insisting upon for many months . The resolution provides for a complete pooling of Aus indigenous food resources, with unhampered access to such resources guaranteed to the Fed Gov by all the Occupying Powers. The resolution provides also that food imported from any source will be pooled and placed at the disposal of the Aus Gov for distribution throughout all cf Aus in accordance with monthly food plans formulated by the F'ed Gov and approved by the AC. It was further stipulated that the food ration scale would be uniform throughout Aus so long as the scale remains above 1,200 calories daily, and that' if the scale drops below that figure, the food situation will be reconsider·ed by t h e AC . This provision was proposed by the US High Commissioner but had been heretofore strongly opposed by _the Sovs, Brit and French. As a result of t hese agreements, it is poped that the Aus food problen can now be solved so as to assure a fair and equitable distribution of food throughout al l t he occupation zones and the City of Vienna. The maintenance of a ration scale not only up to the existing 1550 calorie l evel but also higher than a 1200 calorie level is still , however, absolutely dependent on my having control of the 60,000 tons of wheat, as previously pointed out in my cables :Nov P-6174 and. P- 6311 anu Dec P- 6380 .. n * * �KITZB'OHEL, DECEMBER 16, 1946: General Clark awakened late and after breakfast took a long walk with Mrs. Clark. He spent the remainder of the day relaxing and resting . General Clark sent the following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff , SECRET, P- 6417: 11Ref is made to para 2, i~ar Message VlX 87482, which states no meat, sugar ·o r fats available for shipment against approved food program detailed para 14 War essage WX 86185 ~ Seriousness this decision must be emphasized. Elimination these items from program will result in a diet made up largely of wheat , pulses and milk, which cannot be considered satisfactory, particularly in view low calorie diet of Austrians for over one and one half years . "I urge reconsideration this decision and every possible source of supply be explored to provide reqmrements of meat or meat substitutes, sugar and fats . n I SECSTATE sent the following message to Moscow, copy to Vienna, Paris·, #1070: You requested, after consultation your Brit colleague, who instructed take parallel action, deliver note following lines to Sov For Office and press for early reply . "Ref is made to the resolution on post;.UNRRArelief adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on Dec 11 which recognizes that some cd'untries will continue to need assistance after cessation of Ul RRA operations and calls upon members of the United Nations to assist in furnishing relief when and where needed and to coordinate their respective relief programs and activities as far as possible . "The Allied Commission for Aus has in effect recognized that Aus will continue to need a considerable measure of relief . It is evident that there is special need to coordinate relief for Aus in view of fact that this country is still under quadripartite occupation. US Gov therefore approaching all ·o ccupying powers in order to ascertain whether they are prepared to contribute post- U~'RRA relief of Aus . "UK Gov has already indicated willingness to make pounds 10 million . available for such relief . For its part US Gov prepared to make substantial contribution. 11 US, Gov desires to see adoption of relief program for .Aus as a whole . It believes that such a program can be adopted and carried out if all occupying powers agree to make appropriate contributions , to permit the free flow of indigenous and impo:r-ted supplies throughout Aus to abstain from consuming food stuffs needed by Aus people and to create conditions enabling Aus to pay, by maximizing the exportof Aus products, for as large· a portion as pobsible of its import requirements . The US Gov is convinced that such a program will greatly assist in achieving a "free and indeperrlent Aus" and attaining the "economic security" for the Aus people to which the occupying powers pledged themselves in the Moscow Declaration of Nov 111943 . "In this connection US Gov notes with satisfaction Allied Commission for Aus agreed on Dec 13 on fo od distribution plan for Aus as a whole but acknowledged at same time that indigenous food supplies together with assured imports would be insufficient to maintain the present ration in Aus until the 1947 harvest . 11 ( �"The US Gov is therefore confident that the foundation has now been laid for the adoption of a relief import program for Aus as a whole and that the Sov Gov as well as the Govs of other occupying powers will now agree to instruct its authorities in Aus to participate in the formulation and implementation of such a program under the conditions noted above. Since the present UNRRA supply arrangements will be terminated in the near future the US Gov trusts that this matter will receive the urgent attention of m3 Sov Gov . "If For Office objects that UN resolution mentioned above established · special technical committee to study relief import requirements you should stress need to have requirements assessed first by AC on spot which could then inform technical committee. "Sent t o Moscow as 2147, rptd to Paris as Dept's 6486; to V.ienna as Dept'~ 1070 for info only with addition "please inform Gen Clark . " KITZBUHEL- ZURICH, DEE MBER 17 , 19461 General Clark left the hotel at 0845 hours and walked to the cable car where he was joined by the rest of the party • .After reviewing a French Honor Guard he boarded his train at Kitzbuhel station and arrived at Feldkirche at 1430 .hours . General Legge, Military Attache in Bern, met the train and after reviewing a French Honor Guard, General Clark's party, . accompanied by General Legge, left by car to drive to Zurich . The General's party arrived at the Hotel Dolder, Zurich, at 1830 hours and in the evening they had dinner with Mr . and Mrs . Sam Wood , American Consul in Zurich • .r * . * BERN , S\UTZERLAND, DECEMBER 18, 1946: General Clark spent the morning shopping in Zurich with Mrs . Clark and .&rm. After lunch the General's party left for Bern arriving at the home of Minister Harrison at 1715 hours . In the evening they attended a dinner party given by General and Mrs . Legge. * ( * BERN , S\'ilTZERLAND, D:EDE.7\IIBER 19 ., 1946: General Clark spent the morning shopping with Mrs . Clark and at 1300 hours had lunch with the rest of his party and General and Mrs . Legge at the Schweitzerhof Hotel . The party continued their shopping in the afternoon and at 1500 hours returned to the home of Minister Harrison where they were staying . In the evening Mr . Harrison gave a formal dinner in honor of General Clark which was attended by the President and Foreign Minister of Switzerland. Austrian Chancellor Figl sent the following message to the General: "In connection with the impending Christmas holidays and the approaching turn of the year, I take the liberty to transmit, in my name and the name of the &us Fed Gov, the most cordial and sincere fel i citations . "I also want to use this occasion to express enthusiastic gratitude for the magnanimous support which you bestowed upon me and my gov . "At the same time I should like to express the hope that in the new year too , close cooperation will exist between the occupation forces and the J..lus Fed Gov. May the new year bring peace and welfar e to all people • . HAccept , dear General , . the expression of my highest esteen. 11 * * �) BERN-LUCERNE-FELDKIRCHE, DECEMBER 20, 1946: General Clark's party, accompanied by ~inister Harrison and General Legge, departed from Bern by car at 1000 hours. They motored to Lucerne where they had lunch as guests of Jinister Harrison. After luncheon they ba&goodbye to the Minister and drove to Feldkirche where the General boarded his private train at 1800 hours after reviewing a French Honor Guard . They left Feldkirche immediately for the return trip to Vienna. General Clark sent the following communication to Colonel General L.V. Kurasov, Commander in Chief of Soviet Occupation Troops: "On Dec 21st, the Chairman of the Sov of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, I. V. Stalin, will celebrate the anniversary of his birth. May I transmit to you ~y greetings on this festive occasion. 11 It is my earnest hope on this anniversary, that M arshal Stalin may enjoy now, and in the future years, the good fortune and success that his services to the Soviet Union richly merit. n * ( * VIENNA, DEEEMBER 21, 1946: General Clark 's train arrived Vienna at 0830 hours and was met by Generals Tate and Hickey. The General. went to his office immediately where he learned by cable which had just arrived of his appointment as Deputy to Secretary of State Byrnes for the peace treaty in London to be held beginning January 14. This will necessitate his being in London for some time am later going to Moscow for the f:i:nal peace treaty discussions. The General discussed his new assignrnent at great length with Mr. Erhardt and made plans with General Tate and Colonel Oxx. He also talked with General Hickey . At 1300 hours General Geoffrey Keyes , present Commander of Third Army in Qermany, arrived in Vienna in order to discuss with General Clark the duties as Commander of USI'A. General Keyes will replace General Clark when he relinquishes command. The General entertained General Keyes at lunch at hi s villa and then they returned to Headquarters at which time they held a long conference. In the evening General Clark had General Keyes at t he villa for dinner and immediately after General Keyes left on the Mozart to return to his Headquarters. The remainder of the eve~ing was spent decorating the Christmas tree for the first Christmas the General ,vill spend with his family in five years . General Clark sent the fallowing message to Joint Chiefs of Staff, Confidential, P-6444: "Swiss desire to acquire ownership of the c.-53 airplane number 8846 that crashed in Switzerland 19 Nov. They have been negotiating with OFE for purchase. In view of the magnificent job done by the Swiss people in rescuing the passengers and in cooperating fully in all other phases of ta search and rescue I recommend our Gov give this plane to the Swiss Gov without cost as a ge.sture.· of app~eciation for t he magnificent services rendered . "I have tal ked with the American Minister in Switzerl and about this and he concurs." General Clark sent the following congratulatory message to General of the Army George C. Marshall, American Embassy, Nankin, China for delivery 31 Dec 1946, P-10018: �( "I send warmest congratulations to you today on your birthday. Your long and devoted service to your country and the cause of Democracy is recalled today with thanks and gratitude in the hearts of our people . I hope you will . enjoy continued success in your present difficult mission and ex. tend to you my sincere best wishes for your good fortune in years to come" . VIEI LA, DECEMBER 22, 1946: G~nera.L Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours accompanied by Mrs . Clark. He was met by Minister and Mrs . Erhardt , General and Mrs . Dager, Colonel Kretzmann and Colonel Lazar , and together they went to a relief ceremony wnich was held in front of USFA Headquarters, at which time General and Mrs . Clark presented a CARE package to 100 families of Vienna in the name of the US Forces in Austria. General Clark then returned to his office where he talked_with 1vir . Erhardt and at 1115 hours departed for the Bellevue Hospital for tubercular childre.1J. where he and Mrs . Clark distributed toys and calJ.dy to the little patients . They were accompanied by the Gypsy Band from the Hotel Bristol . The General spent the afternoon attending various Christmas parties throughout Vienna given by ~erican forces for the Austrian children. Mr . Robert Christenberry, president and manager of t he Hotel .Astor in New York, arrived t his after• noon . He will spend four weeks in Austria in order to advise the Commanding General on consolidating mess and club facilities in Vienna. The Generai had dinner with his family at the villa . The following S~RET message was sent to WAR i'DSCA ES pass to State Department, P- 6449: ( 11 Reurad 88024 19 ,Dec . Prior to the JC meeting on 13 Dec the' Acting Brit' High Commissioner notified me he had a statement to make on the proposed UK contribution to post- UTu1ffiA relief Austria. My position was that a statement o~ the part of the Brit without a parallel statement as·to our proposed contribution would be untimely and I would therefore simultaneously present the Council with an oral statement 01 the US position. When the item tt-Other Business" was reached _on the agend§I., Brig . Cooke mentioned he had decided to -withhold his statement. On 20 Dec all Aus . newspapers as well as the Brit Morning News, published in Vienna, carried a complete announcement of McNeill 1 s statement in the House of Commons on the preceding day. The telegram .under acknowledgement was therefore received after the House of Commons statement had appeared in the press." * * * * VIENNA, DECEMBER 23 , 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and immediately talked with General Tate , Mr . Erhardt and Colonel O:xx on the agenda f or the Allied Council meeting to be held at 1000 hours . At 0945 hours the General departed for the AC Building and attended the meeting until 1200 hours . Immediately following the closing of the meeting the General had lunch with the other Commanders and thmproceeded with them' to the showing of a Russian movie which lasted until 1600 hours . He returned to Headquarters and held a press conference giving the press camp t he events of the AC meeting. This meeting was attended by the following: M. W. Fodor Chicago Sun Associated Press Associated Press This Week Lynn Heinzerling G. K. Hedenfield Josef Israels r �Ernest Leiser John MacCormac Albion Ross John Walker M. M. Werner Samuel Grossman Stars and Stripes New York Times New York Times Time and Life United Press A ND (ISB) At 1645 hours General Clark, accompanied by Mrs . Clark and Colonel Kretzmann, attended an Austrian children's party given by the Austrian relief agencies and sponsored by Mrs . Figl . At this time he presented the children with candy and_ toys . In the evening the General attended a Christmas dance given by the Vienna Area- Command for all American personnel in Vienna. The General opened the dance with a welcoming address at which time he extended to the US forces in Vienna a Merry Christmas. He departed shortly afterwards for his villa. Colonel General Kurasov sent the following communication to General Clark: n1 express to you my sincere appreciation for your good wishes offered on the occasion of the birthday of Generalissimo J. B. S;t alin. tr * ( * * * VIENNA, D:&;EMBER 24, '1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 09-30 hours and immediately conferred with General Tate and then with General Hickey. At lOLi-5 hours General Clark presented one CARE package to a member of the staff of the Wiener Courier representing the 64 CARE packages which he is presenting to the staff of the Wiener Courier in the name of t he US Forces in Austria . At 1100 hours the General attended a decoration and promotion ceremony for officers and men in Vienna and then hald a long conference with Mr . Christenberry. General Clark left hi s office at 1230 hours, accompanied by Mr; Christenberry, and walked part of the way to his villa where he and IJir . Christenberry had lunch with -Mrs . Clark . The General remained at the villa during the rest of the day and at 1630 hours entertained a group of people at an eggnogg party, during wh:i.ch the Vienna Boys Choir sang . In the evening General and Mrs . Clark were dinner guests of Colonel and Mrs . C. Coburn Smith. General Clark sent t he following message to Joint Chiefs of Staff ,. pass to State Dept , S&;F.ET, P-6467 .: ( "The JAllied Council met in a short session on 23 Dec under the chairmanship of the Sov Element, with Col Gen V. V. Kuras ov presiding. The meetj_ng was characterized by cordial relations similar to those which were in evidence at the last previous meeting on 13 Dec . "The Council approved, with certain amendments, a constitutional law on the purge of Nazi li teratura whJ.ch paralleled the decision of the Gounci,l taken in Jan 1946, and agreed the texts of three simple laws; namely , a law providing for the punishment of NE\zis guilty of falsifying questionnaires, a law providing for the trial by summary court of black market operators and a law relating to the collection of through-freight charges in stable foreign currency. "The text of a letter to the Fed Minister of Justice, in which was set forth the procedure for the detention, arrest and handing over of war criminals by the Aus Gov, was approved . �"Procedure for the establishment of limited trade between Aus am Germany was dis.cussed but no dec:i.sion was reached and the matter was ref erred back to the Economics Div for further study. Disagreement was based on question of whether such deals should be implemented only after unanimous approval or should be implemented unless there was unanimous disapproval by the £.lied Commission. The Soviets and French supported the first position and the US and Brit the second. "The Council, on t he insistence of the Sov Element , discussed the matter of t he closed session of the Aus Parliament.held on 30 Oct. No action was taken and the question was dropped . u General Clark sent the following message to Asst Sec of War Peterson, Confidential, P- 6460: "Ref your 88298 . i ill be glad to have Balmer work with me in London. Recommend that I remain on my present assignment in Aus while acting as Mr . Byrnes' deputy , Gen Keyes to come in on Jan l as my deputy . Feel that my remaining as CG in Aus while working on peace treaty has many advantages • " General Clark sent the following message to Ambassador .Hobert Murphy, OMGUS: r - 10854:: "Best wishes for a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year . Am delighted with the prospect of renewing my association with you in London. " * * * * VIENN , DEX;,EMBER 25, 1946; After a Christmas breakfast attended by Bill , Captain Luther and Captain Rogers , the Clark family and Aides opened their presents around the Christmas tree. At 1100 hours the enlisted men of the CG Section arrived at the villa and were presented their gifts by the General . They remained to enjoy some eggnogg with the family. At 1300 hours the Christmas dinner was attended by Colonel Rich , local Army surgeon, Colonel and frs . McMahon and Alice Mary, and the Aides . At 1830 hours the f .wnily boarded the General 's train and at 1900 departed for Hinterstoder . * * * HD T TOD.ER, DEC i;1BER 26 1946: The train having arrived at Hintertoder S,tation dur.ing the night, General Clark and Bill left the train at 0700 hours, met Kniewasser , the Jaeger, and began a morning 1 hunting • . t 1200 hours the General returned to his hunting lodge , having bad no success . At 1330 hours Major General Collins arrived from Salzburg . Also Lt . Col . Broyles came to t he lodge to esqort the General and his family to the Christmas party for the needy famili ar in Hinterstoder Valley . At 1400 hours the General and -his family, accompanied by General Collins , arrived at the Town Gymnasium and fourld over JOO children and 200 adults assembled . The program consisted of songs and recitations by the children, t .he presentation to the General of a paint i ng by the Burgermeister Auer, and speeches by- the Bezirk Hauptmann and General Clark . Following the program , General and iv1rs . Clark presented gift packages to 350 children and C pacxages to 110 fami lies . Returning to the hurting lodge about 1600 hours t he General and Bill again left to go hunting . Their luck was no better than that of the morning . That evening General Collins and Captain Rogers had dinner with the Cl ark family at the lodge . General Clark sent the follov, ing message to YfAR for AGP- B, -10877 • �"Your SCL 35338 on Canadian decorations is reference. It was always my desire during the Italian Campaign to recognize by appropriate decorations the magnificent services of the Ganadians. They served under the Brit 8th Army to whose Commander I frequently allotted acertain numl;>er of .Amer, decoratiorts to cover all nationalities of his .Army . It is my recollection that the Canadians received some recognition but my files here are so incomplete that I have no~verifying data . nr am forwarding by mail in near future recommendations on Canadian Corps Commander and Corps Chief of Staff. Also on ·Commanding Generals of 1st Canadian Inf . l)iv and 5th Canadian Armored Div . These individuals served under my command between 16 Dec 1944 and about 15 March 1945 • 11 . Suggest Canadian Gov be asked to nominate 10 officers and enlisted men, who served in Canadian units under my command during winter 44 dash 45 for consideration for combat recommendations . " * * * * HINTERS.TOD 1.., DEC NIBER 27 1946: At 0930 hours the General, Bill and Captain Rog~rs left for a day's hunti ng . On this day the party bagged 3 deer and 2 chamois . * * * * HINTSRSTODER, f.JEC "i1B R 28 1946: The General left the lodge at 0730 hours and hunted until 1400 hours with Bill and Captain Rogers . Bill got a deer before the party returned to the lodge . The General and his party boarded the private train at 1730 hours and at 1815 hours General & Mrs . Clark presented gift packages to 67 children from Hinterstoder who had come to see the train depart . The train departed at 1900 hours bound for Vienna. * * * 29 1946; Gener al Clark ' s train arrived in Vienna at 0130 hours and the General detrained at 0900 hours . He walked from the train to his villa with Captain Rogers and spent the remainder cf the morning there . He had lunch with Mrs . Clark at home and then rested throughout the day . In the afternoon he conferred with Mr . Erhardt and Colonel Oxx on the peace treat talks in London . VIEI<N , .DEC ".JIB * * * VIENNA, D~EMBER 30 1946: General Clark arrived at the office at 0930 hours and proceeded to dictate several letter~ . He held a long conference with Colonel iliac concerning latest developments on the treaty discussions and then discussed routine matters with General Hickey . ~t 1000 hours he saw Colonel Lloyd on several investigations and then conferred again with General Hickey . Mr . 1.::ellen saw General Clark on a personal matter at 1200 hours and after a conference with General Tate, the General had lunch in the GG mess of the Bank Building . After lunch General Clark conferred again with General Tate and then saw v1r . Erhardt . He left his office at 1500 hours and walked to the villa where he spent the remainder o:fl the day . General Clar k sent the following message to State Department: SECRNI', P- 6482: WSCA pass to �10 ( "Reurad W87221 and ourad 6427 17 Dec , herewith estimates Aus imports exports first half of calendar year 1948. Your suggestion reduce relief re.quirements for calendar 1948 as far as possible to one-half of 1947 requirements heartily concurred in and believe this will be possibl_e al tho requirements first half 1948 will exceed those of last half . nrn millions of dollars first half import requirements, Food 49 .8 Agriculture 16 Industry 47 . 6 Medical Supplies 1. 5 Solid Fu~ls 23 Reconstruction 1. 2 "Total first half 48 $139,100 1 000 . Total 1948 import requirements· estimated at $266, 700 ,ooo. · ti.Against 'total import requirements first half 1948 _of $139,100,000 estimate Aus can from her exports produce $79,000 1 000 in first half ,of year , leaving a deficit to be met by outside credits of $60 ,100,000 . 11 Export breakdown of $79,000,000 as follows: Textiles 14 Paper and Lumber 16 Mag~esite 4 Metals, Ores, Metal Goods, Machinery 25 Electric Power 4 Misc including Tourist Trade & Other Invisible Items 16 Total exports first half 1948 79 million dollars Total estimated exports for all of 1948 estimated 173 n llV'fhile deficit above exports first . half 1948 is estimated as 4!'60 ,100, 000 total deficit for calendar year 1948 estimated as only $93,700, 000 . "Because of unknown procurement sources no freight costs have been includea in any pf the import totals . Prices are those quoted in our radio P- 6427 which are considered to be ample for 1948 estimates as trend should be downward at that time . 11 Full concurrence of Aus Ministries given to this estimate . Brit are examining our totals and we will submit their comments later . Complete breakdown and justifications insofar as they can be developed are being forwarded to you earliest by air courier . " * * * * VIENNA, DECEMBER 31, 1946: General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours . He immediately saw General Tate and then General Hickey . He had a long conference with Colonel Oxx and after going over accumuldate correspondence at 1230 hours he left his office to have lunch at the villa . In the evening he attended a party at the villa given by Miss &in Clark for some of her friends . General Clark sent the following communication to Chancellor Figl of Austrian Government ~ �"I have received ivlinister Krauland' s letter of 10 Dec 1946 raising again the question of disposing of the blast furnaces of the United Iron and Steel Works at Linz in exchange for coal . No one is more anxious than I am to help in alleviating the severe shortage of coal in Austria . Therefore I assure you that the proposal has been given most careful consideration. JHowever, I am obliged to inform you that with respect to any German prop~rty in the US Zone to which there may be a legitimate reparations claim I could not cor1sent to the disposal of such property at present in exchange for coal or oth3r current consumption items , or for S.chillings or other currencies not at present freely convertible into foreign exchange . · "Moreover, it is probable that such action would not be advantageous t o ustria . One of your country ' s principal needs is to arrive at a settlement of the German assets problem in its entirety as soon as possible . 1hile this problem is pending, it wo~ld be inadvisable from ustria 1 s own standpoint to take any action seriously affecting the interests of Allied reparations claimants, since this might make the overall settlement more difficult to achieve . 11 It would be permissible to sell possible reparations proper ty for a fair price in freely convertible foreign exchange, if the foreign exchange proceeds were deposited in trust for Allied reparations claimants . " ** ** � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, November 4 - December 31, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from November 4 - December 31, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1677 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/37a1303385e3556292bc3fa82986ef2f.pdf?Expires=1790208000&Signature=uSn-OO7YW68xNtQHZcwgUZwp8tr9vcwLzQ%7E0IZyMAYxit54HADDGKyNVk2NJjpqw3ZzI1qk6FENhW%7EFF8p2YcSw0dNSXOmmzWYKa%7EXU6kxsjt3TPf2KKTcIRRziyiToBgwb4V7yDVaaU%7ELPpx4lYAOhtBCFY2El4l8Go6prV2zVVRXwl7UpqENzH0OMATJchSsY8%7E1H9xWiuMODo4CM45lq53htZZLR5dqBx00I6Bkn7%7EhDL11Avg9oabmkgD3xmoB8%7EKdmpC-kFVNmuAtwY53tEcd3bYyplYScfKdw9dwqdrqqKlB7A95EdJUK6U7txAJb3Z1Sqm-O2%7EM-EgFpv%7Eg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f99025ecc4c2db2e85769376d0070685 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM General Clark sent the following birthday message to Lt. General Geoffrey Keyes, Commanding General of the Seventh .Army, Reference No . P-4546: ttJ extend my heartiest congratulations to you today on your birthday . You can view the year just finished with pride and satisfaction in your accomplishments, and in the achievements of II Corps whose gallant efforts WfFe of indi spensible aid in our great victory over the enemy in the Mediterranean last May . I send my best wishes . for your continued health and good fortune, and for the welfare of all members of y01.. r command. 11 * * * * VIENNA--OCTOBSR 31, 1945--General Clark arrived in his office at 0930 accomp:1.nied by Lt . William Clark . General Clark immediately conferred with General Tate who was followed by General Brann and General Gruenther. At 1400 hours General Bethouart visited General Clark. At 1430 hours General Clark called Col. McJLean to his office to discuss a serious court Martial case . Comdr . Musmanno conferred with General Clark for a few minutes in regard to a biography which he is writing about General Clark, and received the General's approval to print several pictures of him in his book. General Clark left his Headquarters at 1500 hours for his villa where he rested until 1600 hours at which time the General gave a cocktail r,:arty at the Bristol Hotel for General Gruenther who is leaving Headquarters . The General left the Bristol Hotel at 1830 hours for his villa where he had dinner with several members of his staff, and later played poker with his guests . General Clark sent the following cable to General Hull, War Department , Reference No . P-4733: 11 I left with you on 13 October radio from Gruenther which I received in Washington regarding request from General Bethouart for issue of certain comrx:,nents American ration to French troops in Vienna . Hope you will have favorable word soon as situation is becoming a little embarassing.11 The\ following message was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff from General Clark in regard to the Allied Council meeting, October 30, Reference No . P-4 752: �1. Little was accomplished in Allied Council meeting 30 October lthough Koniev 1 s personal r9lations continued to be friendly I had definite impression that he was operating_under instructions from !toscow to be tough with 7Iestern lie,s. 11 u2 . Yle made no progress toward settlement of the two most important items on agenda, namely Reservation of Governmental powers to Allied Council and Currency Conversion for Austria n3 . Soviet resolution which was basis for discussion of reservation of powers was as follows· (1) Foreign Aff irs and Diplomatic representation, except in the case of countries who are members of the Allied Council . (2) Demarcation and alteration of frontiers and lines of demarcation . ( 3) Disp];.eced per.sons and repatriation (4) Measures for _demilitarisation on land, water and air ( 5) Regulation of all questions relating to the property of f r eigners . (6) Tr_ade and financial relations with foreign countries , except those countries which are members of the Allied Council. 11 4. Cons.i erable discussion took place in connection with points one and six. My ,r:osition was that those proposals struck at basic policy of control of Austria by the Allied Council since it would permit unilateral action on foreign affairs, trade and financial relations . I stated further that our governments established Allied Council as machinery to contr ol Au.stria and U S . Govermnent expects to do business through the Allied Council British and French supported this position . u5 . everal amendments were proposed to make points one and six a.c ceptable includj ng elimination of words rrexcept those countries which are members of Allied Council u but Koniev would not accept a_ny modification . It was agreed to report disagreement to our respective governments . Points 2 , 4 , 4 , and five were agreeable to all but it was decided to suspend communication of any reservations to Austrian Provisional Government until points one and six are settled . I consider that controversial points are important to Allied Council Control in nustria and I shall not give in to Soviet point of view unless instructed b? you to do so . �n6 . ~y message PV'- 4685 gives Soviet ttitude in Council meeting concerning currency conversion In my opinion we are going to lose the battle because the Soviets can stall long enough until their proposal will be the only logical one . From standpoint of logic we have defeated them ·at every turn and their attempts to answer our arguments are indeed feeble . However, they always end up by stubbornly insisting that their proposal is the only correct one . I introduced the proposal for a tripartite conversion for the purpose of throwing consternation into Soviet ranks and it gave them quite a jolt . However I h2ve no hope that it will have any real effect in forcing a change in their position . n * * * * VIEN:t-:JA - NOVJ.i~LBEH 1, 1945- General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 accompanied by Lt . Clark . rt 0930 he presented Hr . MacElligott , Warra.nt Of fie er , the Legion of h1erit . h'ir . Ilac.r!illigott had been with the General ever since the days in 2ngland and is now leaving the Headquarters for the States for discharge . Commander IJ1usmanno conferred with the General on the book which he is to write o.nd the pictures to be used With General Gruenther, General Clark departed from the Cub strip by L-5 at 1200 hours to fly to Horsching airfield at Linz Here .at 1300 hours he met General Eisenhower who was accompanied by General Raymond Moses The four Generals then rode to General Clark' s lodge, Dietlgut, in Hinterstoder Valley where they were to spend a few days hunting They arrived at the lodge at 1500 and spent the rest of the afternoon and evening playing cards . General Clark sent the following message to Lt . General Geoffrey Keyes, Connnanding General of the Seventh nrmy , Reference No . P 4800: Many thanks for your thoughtful message on my promotion. I realize it was made possible by the great help and great help and cooperation of commanders like you, and fightfag units like II Corps I send you my best wishes ., tt 0 * * VIE:Nr A Nor lBER 2, 1945- General Clark accompa·n ied by General Eisenhower General Gru,~nther and General Moses left the hunting lodge at 0830 and spent the entire morning hunting in Hinterstoder Valley . General Eis enho wer shot a c hamois, thereby becoming the chief jaeger of Hinterstoder Valley. The party returned to the lodge at 1300 hours and spent the rest of the day playing c ards and talking . * * * �VIENN - NOV11:'1BER 3·, 194-5-- Genere.l Clark accompanied by General Eisenhov:er , General Gruenther, and General lV:oses left the 1 odge on a hunting trip at 0845 and returned 8.t lJ00 . No game was shot during the morning. After lunch the party spent the afternoon talking , visiting and playing cerds . * * VIE.r: NJ - NOVEllBE 4, 1945 - General Clark accompanied by General Eisenhcwer , General Gruenther and General loses left the lodge at 0900 and drove to . Horsching airfield at Linz where General Eisenhower departed in his C- 47 at 1100 . General Gruenther accompanied General isenhower to Fr-=nkfurt , beginning h;is return trip to the States . This was the parting of two old friends , after having spent three years of continuous service together . General Clark r eturned to the lodge by L- 5 arriving at 1130 and went hunti.ng in the afterno on with Lieutenant Clark returning to the lodge at 1900 . This time the General shot his first chamois • • t 1500 in the afternoon General Saltzman , Gi:meral Tate and Colonel Grogan arrived a.t the hunting lodge to epend a few days hunting . In the even:i..ne the party played cards and retired early . * VI JN! - NOVEUlB.t.f-:. 5, 1945- General Clark accompG.nied by General Tate a.nd General Caltzman with Col onel Grogr n left the lodge at 0800 in two sep.Jrate hu.nting parties . 1'hey spent the entire day hunting, returning to the lodge at 1700 .. Both Genff·•al Clr.;;.rk and General Tate shot a chamois but neither G@.neral Saltzman nor Colonel Grogan had any luck The party again spent the evening playing cards . * * * * VIE1'1:fl--NO\l civ1BER 6, 1945 - General Clark, General Tate , General Saltzm n and Colonel Grogan dep3.rted from the lodge cub strip at 0910 and arrived at the Vienna. cub strip at 1025 . Generfal Clark rnnt imr.edit.. tel.,r to his of:"ice where he took care of accumul2ted. co!'respondence . Later he conferred with Gener 1 B.rarm und General Tate and in the aft ernoon he saw Colonel Lazar In the evening he had dinner vdth Lt . Clark at his villa rn.t..--HOVEIHBI~ 7, 1945--Gener--l Clark arrived at the office at 0915 a.c companied by Lt . Clark . At 1000 he presented Colonel Negroni c.nd Captain 'alvioio , of the Italian lriilitary Mission with the Bronze Star hledal At 1030 Genera l Clark was interviewed by Desmond Tighe , Reut9rs , British Corresi:ondent , who desired to obtain muter ia l for an article on Gsncral Cl· rk as the most successful General in .. ustria , sholving how a fighter became a dip~oat. 1 t 1100 General Clark was intervi~wed by ' Jillia.m E . T .ylor of the Stars and Ctripes . Doctor ~ch'.':artz, Chairman of the· Joint Distribution Committee ( Je·iish) for surope , had a conference with General Cbrk at 1130 on the subject of Jewish Displaced ?er sons General Clark left his office after having VI.c �lunch, returning to his villa . . t 1615 he left the villa for Hofburg Palace to attend ltarshal Koniev s reception in honor of the 28th Anniversary of the Red Revolution General Clark returned to his v illa at 2300 . General Clark sent the following message to General Eisenhower Reference No . P 5201 Today on the third a0niversary of our North frican invasion I off e ~ ·my congratulations and sincere best vdshes and those of my assoc iates here at USFA to you , the leader of that great enterprise . All Americans, especially those of us who made the landings under your inspiring leadership, will always recall vlith pride and satisfaction that first vital step in our carrying the war to the enemy . Ve shall ever be indebted to your guidance which insur9d the success of that operation , and which led us to the finaly victory last May . u 0 NA- NOV '.IBE!R 8, 1945- -General Clark arrived at his office accompanied by Lt Clark.at 1000 . He immediately saw General Brann and also Colonel Grogan on publications ., He next saw General Tate vrho was followed by Iv1r VI Christenberry who arr.ived from Frankfurt last evening . 11r . Christenberry is on a $pecial mission to Austria for the purpose of organizing winter sports resorts and rest centers .. General Clark later conferred vJith Genera.1 Brann and General Sulli:v. n and at 1230 left the office accompanied by General Sullivan, ir . Christenberry and Lieutenant Clark to have lunch at his villa . Later in the afternoon he hiked with Lt . Clark and- in the evening had dinner in his s1-;ite at the Hotel Bristol He returned to his villa at 2200 hours and retired . General Clark received the following message from General "'isenhower , Reference No '- 30795 :. "Th· nk you very much for your telegram sent me on the anniversary of our North Jifrican invasion . That was the first battle test for the llied Command and marked the begirming of a development in llied cooperation that attained an unparalled success resulting primarily from the selflessness and devotion to duty of all members of the team . I remember that arudous night of 3 years ago that you and and our associates spent in the Gibr altar tunnels , and the great erllaration the following morning when it vms definitely proved that the Allies were upon the march and that the beginning of the beginning of the end was there I shall always owe you personally a great debt of' gratitude for the wonderful support and assistc nee you rendered me during that period. n · * * * �VIENN --NOV ~:~B R 9 , 1945--General Ch,rk arrived at his off foe in Headquarters at 0900 . He immediately saw Gener~l S(. ltzrnan who was follov,ed at 0930 by ColonP.1 Joe Starnes who is making tour of Europe to get an over - all pict1.1re of the economic sitwtion He t lked with General Clark concerning the outlook in ustria ~t 1000 Gene·--9.l Cl'Jrk snw Colonel Mo.rget concerning the monetary conversion problem and s:iortly thereafter talked v.rith Lt . ,col. Halloran , 1i:PC , represent.r-i_tive from SHAa\ , Colonel Hallor--n {1esired information from General Clark concerning the advisability of keeping the · JACS as a permanent pa.rt of the army , making th em reserves , or fully disbandine them . General Clark has always been well pleased with the WACS . At 1100 hours General Clark attended a decoration and promotion ceremony of the officers at USFA which was held in front of the Headquarters building .. A comrany from t.he 4?nd Dhrision made up the Honor Guard . Among those decorated was General Flory , Head of US,,,CA , who was awc:...rded the Legion of Merit by General Clark Imrnedi~.tely 3_fter the ceremony 1hr Erhardt , rolitice.l advisor, conferred wi.th Gene-rs.1 Clark and at 1230 General McCreery , Commander-in-Chief of the Bri-Lish troops arrived with Mr . r.·ack, British politicRl advisor for a conference . At 1/4.00 they had luncheon in the Command1-ng General ' s mess in Headqt.arters , and shortly after General Mccreery and Hr . Mack left for British Headq_uarters . 0 I ( At 1500 Mr . Joseph Zielich presented General Clark with a statu ette of George 1 'ashington which is a replica of the statue v1hich ustr:i.a presented to the Jnited Sta.tes in 1932 in commemor'1tion of the two hundr edthbirthda:T of the first President of the United States ., General Clark left his lier d quarters and 1rialked to his villa at 1550 hours and in th.e evening im.-j_ted Count Larisch and his two sons, a.nd daughter- in- law to his villa for dinner . * * * 7IErn.TA NOVEiiiBER 10, 1945 Gen9r 1 Clark arrived at his offic e at 0830 and immediately conferred witb Gen8Y'Bl Rrann anr~ Mr . Erhe.rdt on the forthcoming Allied Council I':eetjng. All the topics on the agenda for the me9ting wer9 discussed . Colonel MBrget was called in for the conference when the problem of monetary c>orivers:ion was discvssed . Gen~ral Hov1a.rd saw Gc~n8ral Clark at 1000 and at 1045 Gener"'l ClHrk left his Headc1'Larters with General Brann to '-' ttend th9 "llied Council keeting :vhich bsted until 1545 . Immediately after the meetj_ng Gener:- 1 Clark returned to his Fet1dqParters wh1?,re he held a press conference and shortly thercqfter General Clad: l,gft his Headquarters for • his villa . In the e1 r1::mine- at 1845 hours Gener&l Clark gave a bvff et supper nd a n1L::ten in" on the A•rmy ...·Notre-Dame game, for forty - eight members of his Headquarters . The score of the game was M5-0, rmy, Colonel Sarnot:ce ,nd Colonel OstlPr splittin1s th9 pot . 1 0 ¥ General Chrk µent the follo"Ting message to General George S. lati.on, tTr., Commarn·1ing Genera] of th~ 15th ;~rmy . ( �9l Today on your birthday I offer you my he 1.rtiest congro.tul:::ttions , and those of my l \..FA associ tes .. Your brillic..nt armored thrusts spearhe dingmanr of our •urope-n attacks , nd your superlative record es one of the out standing b ttle leaders of this v,zr r , shv.11 '?Ver be renembered in American )ilitary History J1"c y this armiversary be a mo::t enjoyable one for you . I send best wishes for your continued health and happiness in the years ahe,n.d . n 11 0 * VIEH TA--NOVl:'.d'.BER 11 , 1945 -Gener' 1 Clark left hL villa at 0700 hours to go to Sal ,burg . After driving to Linz he took a .. 25 from Horschine airfield which was piloted by Lt . Colonel Eartjn , Base Commnnder , c.nd landed at Salz burg, at 10/15 hours . The Gen8-c.l was met by General Harry Collins , Cor:rrnander of the 42nd Di v:i sion anc 1---.ter dcC'orated him with th9 Silver Stqr and the Distinguished Service iTedal. Later in the day Gene,--al CJ..~rk drove to Im1sr ck where he was received by Generr-1 ethouart who vJill be the General I s host for the next fevv days Gen-3ral ei, rk ;:1.nd General Bethouart had · planned a s. tort hunting trip . General Clerk sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, ,'ITa shir gton, D .. C. (Report to the Secretary of State) , J.eference No . P- 5538: ( 01 . J' llied Counc_· 1 me <1t ing held 10 November . General relations good . vi dent Russio.ns O!"}err:t5 ng under !.:oscow orders on currency conYersion and resorv'3.tion of governmental powers . On b .sis of conversation tods.y with Koniev I fee more hopeful of satisfactory agreement on ci.::rrency conversion . Koniev expressed hope I was not serious abot1t conversion by zones . I assured him I vms unless he vmuld be reasomhle . Koniev will report 0 1..r conversion to his governrnent and hopes for fa.voroble instructions by middle of next week . Koniev e:xr,ressed personal agreBment in general \7ith follovr:i.ng principles insisted upon by U,j , ritish and French elements and accepted by Austrians ., a. Conversfon of Reichcm~_rk enrl _.i.ff Schilling notes a bove 5 schillings into l\.ustrian national schillings to be[:in 10 Dec ember . b ! llocation o f 2500 million schillings for civilian needs at outset of comrersion, to be supplemented by proi:ortion o· cur~·· ent note pro ductfon in weeks irnmedi tely folloriing until totc.l of 3300 million schilJ :tngs for ci.vilirm needs is r9ached .. c . r::ili-!::a.ry needs to be taken from baln.nce of estimrited stock of L:500 million schillin~s expected to be available in December of allocation among four :r;owers to be on rei13onabl9 ha.sis d . If 4000 million not then available, allocation for civilian needs 1vill not be reduced below initial 2500 mil lion consj_dered minimum necessr.ry for ,.uPtriR.n eco nomy . �e In deciding an amount and 11ature of blockin3 necessary , we should take a.dvice of 1-tu:=:trian~ and in any case inc]ude a clatse gi ring .P Uf' · rians discretj o:n. in rel e!J si nr; strj ngency of blocking me(. surcs . rt2 . On question of governmental po,·rers reserved by Allied Council ea.ch member stated he had consulted his government and stj_ll ma.int-:i.ined the position he had t,.k9n at 30 October rrt8'=tj ns, rAported in my P4 752, i e Koniev insisted on points one and six a.s they st nd in para 2 tb~rein, other pov1ers would not accept either of them with exception clauses there in "3 . s1,.ed l~oniev wheth r I ,Aras to unrlerst nd he wanted 1.milat r-al a ction on im}X)rtant things like trade and financial rel- tions with which .utl.C agreement ch rges Allied Council He ::lrgued his formulr:... did not do this s·7~n-=, Co tncil had recognized EennAr Government def--icto f nd r '2R had don,:) so dejure-. I pointed out this me~mt recogni 17 ing supreme · authority in Renn -,r Government rather than in Cou.ncL . He merely ref erred to 20 October letter to Renner . 11 4 I 0 In discussion of proctic, 1 effects of vnilateral versus joint actj_on be digresse to Potsdam greement "by v1hich Soviet Governmsmt was g:jven ri ht to all Germon ~ssets in ...,astern .Austrian , saying thu.t any differences abcut its me, . ning .ere for set-i-lemgnt between Governments and not by Allied Council . "5 . I pointed out I wa discl ssing methods not substc.nce end uggested Political Advisors withdraw to try to record proposal.. ihen they were unable to agree I sugf·ested we may have be'3n mist::i.lrnn in ➔.,rying to list specifi c powers to be reserved and that we had perhaps better drop the attempt and try a new eppro"ch based UiJOn fact · 11ied Councj_l i., supreme authority and specific reservations therefore unnecessary . 'Ihis threw constern-:. tion into So~rir➔t gro1 p which then egan pre·ssing for immediate adoption of thAir first five t:oints leaving sixth to later consi · eratj on . tt6 . e decided to let politic· 1 advisors reconsider whol1:; .__ uestion for specfal r.1eeting of Council on Frj_day next . u7. Before adjotming I announ ed thqt my Government vdll designate Erh .rot as !X)litical rBpresent.o.tive to the Atistrian Government 3.nd receive a political repret1entati ve of it in Jashington . IvlcOre,:,ry made similar statement ': bo -1 l' 1 ack . rnfortvrntely Koniev seized this opportunlty to say our action paralleled theirµ an< t.h re rrJus, therefcre , no longer any reason not. to @"J.~ee with their formula for repr 0 eentation . I stressed t:e~t this Wt?.S in no \'1ay to circumvent Council , that Erhardt would continue t o sit beside me as my !X)litical hdv:i sor anf th- , Austro rrArican aff irs would continue to e h;:1ndle . throu h the Council as err.:>tofore . 0 11 8 . In addition Allied Council approved : (1) one hundred nineteen decrees of Renner Government found nobjectionable by all powers and five �93 decrees with cert2in amendments (2) Disposal of war material ccor ding to Berl:tn agreement (3) adripartite censorship of civilian communications in Vienna (4) Acceptance of military missions from Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia under Article 12 1 C agreement ( 5) sking respective Governments to make representa.tions to Yugoslovin, Hungr~ry :md Czechoslovakia concerning expelling Germans into /.usttia. and l tter to German Control Counc_l on repatriation Reichsdeutsche and disposal of Sud et.ens and other Volksdeutsche n 0 * VIEI:iTA NOVt~ rn R 12 1945 General Clark was away from Headquarters and the guest of General Bethouart in Innsbruck * VI 1_ 1NA- NOV~,1BER 13 1945 of General Bethouart . * * * * General Clark visiting in Innsbruck as guest * * * VIENN1 - NOVE:EBER 14, 1945 General Clark arrived in Salzburg at 1100 hours and h d lunch with General Collins, leaving for Vienna shortly thereafter . He arrived by car at his villa in Vienna at 1930 hours and hnd dinner . The General retired after dinner . * * * VIENNA N0Vrnv1BER 15 , 1945 General [lark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and imrriediately saw General Brann . At UOO he was inter11iewed by John Dos Passes , writer for Life Magazine , who is on his way to the trials in Frankfurt . Colonel Grogan accompanied Mr . Pas sos . At 1130 hours Liiss Jane Kemon , granddaughter of Mrs . Kimb9.ll resident of the Kennedy 1Narren Apartments in Washington, D saw the General She is now working in the Air Division , l SFA . Shortly thereafter John La.risch , son of Count Lnrisch, talked with General Clark for a short time General Clark had lunch at · 1300 hours follo 1 dng which he saw Colonel Hieb , Medical officer . At 2015 Lt . Colonel Charles ;i . Thayer , who has acted as the General ' s Russian interpreter, was presented with the Legion of Merit, after which General Bethouart conferred with General Clark in his office . Upon General Bethou.art 1 s deplrture, General Clark dictated letters for Mrs M. W. Clark and Miss Ann Clark. After conferr:ing with Mr . :ili-hardt , General Clark walked to his villa with General McMahon . In the evening he had dinner with friends at the Bristol Hotel c., 1 General Clsrk sent the following congratulatory message to The Hon . John J . McCloy , Asst . Secretary of Vvar, Reference No P- 5816: �.( "Congratul tions upon your splendid perform,ince of duty an~ effective support of our fifhtfog armies in the rreat3st war in history . Your tire less energy, dynamic force , great intelligence and backg;round of combat service :in ;orld ~"Jar I were of immense aid to the men who did the fighting in Italy and throughout the world . May you after a vrell e~1rned rest resume your activity in our nntion 1 s interest . My officers and men bid you Godspeed and good luck n General Clark wa:=.: unable to ttend the openj ng session of the Intern, tional Military Tribunal in Nur nberg, and sent the follovling message to the Hon . Robert H Jackson , U .s . Chief of Counsel , Nu.rnberg, Germany , Reference No . P- 5813: ''I regret that a meeting of the 1'.llied Council schedvled for Tuesday November 20 in Vienna , prevents my accepting your invitation to attend the openjnf sessi n of the Internc.tionr-ll j..Iilitary Tribunal in Nurnberg . I apprecir:>te your thoughtfulness i.n inviting 1r,e a.nd in making billeting arrangements for my stRy there had I been able to attend . I send my sincere best wishes , and those of my ssociPter; Rt SFA, for your success in brino-ing to full ~nd speedy ,justj ce all those guilty of war crimes in Germany . rt * VIENl - NCV · tBER 16 , 1945- General Chrk arrived at his office at 0900 hours where he sp,ke shortly with Colonel Nygo. d . The Gener-~l then talked with General Salt zman General Brann and Colonel Tu~arget conferred with General Clark on the forthcoming Allied Council meeting . r~r . Erhardt ~lso joined the conf9rence which lasted until 1030 hours . General Clark left immediately for his off ice in the Inter- Allied Col'T'miss:..on and at 1100 hours attefided the Allied Council meeting which lasted until 1800 hours that evening . _ Currenc~r convers:i.on was the. main topic for disc1::ssion , and a favorable decision was rendered . General Cle_rl: had nress conference :3t 1815 hours and after entcrtaininf the press in the . Commandj ng Qeneral ' s Iv1ess left for his villa and retired . General Clar}· received the following message from USFEr , signed by General Patton "Prior to his depirture from the Theater, Gen9rc=-.l ~isenhovl/er directed t,r,~t the following messag~ be read to all memberG o: your comrn~nd: u 1 On Novewber the 22nd , Americans all over the vorld will together celebrate Thanskgi,dng Day ., This year more than any for m::my years :past we h nve truA ca.use for full gr, t ·tude; this y ar has brouf)it the r" entry of neace and freedom j_nto the civilized worlc. Let us, therefore , offer our· earnest Hnd h Rrtfelt thanks for the great vfotory th D.t has been given us , and for the right we now hold to continue o T l•=1bor-s towards last· ng world peace .. 0 �0ur work is not yet finishcde .ve must no➔ allow ou::·sel ves on this de y, in turning our tho -e;hts to t.he µ1st, to fail to give serious thought to the . uturc . e have assided in the rebirth of a free world; we must now ss:i.st in its bnsic education that it may evolve into one forerer free . Our weaf.X)ns in this ne'"l to.sk must be ourselves --- our gviding example and .ttitudee, an our earing in he mjdst of others . 11 n:,!e ar over'"'.~ s -- way from home , helpine: to rule nd form the minds of a misled people, as the representatives of a gre,. + democracy a democracy :,hie 1 '."e rrve dedicated to th8 true est8.blishment of the welfare and dimity f ma 01 enrth . Ot..r former enemy, whose country we or cupy -,ust look to us for guidance and example . The obligations Ne have , 1us imposed ·cror.. ourselves are at once obvious and j_mmenso; we c. n meet them only by remembering our basic rec.sens for f~_ghting th.ls war and comforting ourselves "'Ccordjngly .. 1 "l'..e can edvcate only as we 101.d . In ·.heir past blindness these people have len+ themseb0s Jo the purposes of tyrar.inical dict~torship; it is only through ed· cation ovm· ' long period that le can uilrl . n + hem the enlighte:oen spirit ..,hich will f' itself breed futur .:. :::eacc . to rr::iGt , -:here.fore , exc t ov.r f:3Very ef!'ort +o se-: -:lvyays an example of fairness · nd correctness, e.nd of firmness tempered with justice not only in our dealing with those we now go-·ern, but in ..,.11 our actions amongst them. 1 'e mus moet th'7 s ch~llenge ·iith tho s~rre st0--1dfrstn0Gs of purpose n_ ich has made it !=OS sj_,J~e for t~~) -tc '., th"'nkful for the e-,; ents of' the rnct ;{t;'.rs . n * ~r:I:r:U~ Jry~:r1~.. Bli 1. 1 7, 191,5 -Gener:-1 '1.r:: ~.:-rived 9.t tis office · t 1000 hours and conferred .rith General Brann and G~neral 'l'ate for qvite sometime. Lr. Christ enberr-y talked vrith General Cl-~rk for c. short time G13ne::-n:t_ lark then conferred with Colonel Porter concerning pl~ns for later in the day ,. fter wr j ch General Cl rk saw Colonel Grogan a_nd Mr. Dem<J.roe 1=>ecs .. Mr . Bess is a war corres);:ondent who had been 11i th the General pre-riously . /.t 1230 Gener!'11 ClP rl~ left his office vd th olonel fort er ..,nd r~t :irned "'.t 2000 hov._rs 1 or a s.ort w~le . General Cl rk sent the fol] O\"ing me"·sace to the Jo:_r:c. C,hiefs of Staff, :--ishington, D C , (R~rort · o Secret ry of State), R. f;:;rence No . -- -5949: 1. lli'3d Council hel ~ extraordin ::'j~ meeting lf rovember, princi:p3.l subject, currency conversion . _greer.ient re·-cted a..fter prolonged discussion on conversion oi' Reichsmarks ape l.llied I1i.litary SchilJj_nzs ir:.to Au ... trian Na ion 1 fch·n..J..ings . 11 • Det .ils of the conversion plan fellow pen9rall~:1 the lines in "'icated in P~ragraph 1 of P 5538, ·vith minor morlifjcctions as follows: (1) ( 2) ( Date of cor..version 13 to 20 Decem,..)or 191..5 . Each ind::_7ic:v 11 to r8ceive in cash no more th n 150 schil l jn ~s in return for Reichsmarks r:nd ~llied Military chil • in ~s turned in . ':'h,, r~,...t will be blocl~ed or re stri.cted ·t-1. rr.ounts to be decided b~r the ·Auctrian authcri- �ties ,. orkinv on " wmeral basis of 6& blocked . . t,strian ~,1thori ti Js _ma._r ,-..,1 x ere en _,n. ze of lo~1dngs as necessary, when nd ~.s .L ur· lier !fationul Schillings are printed . ( 3) b. ~ l'ot es printed subsequent to con'rersion to be al2..ot ed fiveeights fo civilian requirements nnd three-eights for mili tary pur ses until J·ustrian authorities h'-1.ve received 800 million schillings in PPropr .. 'lte denomin'-1.tions ovAr ·:i.nc1 above 2500 million assi:sned for civil:i.[;._n requirementa at beginning of conv'3rs~.on ost serious difi'icuLies in securing agreenent resulted fror.i _ ssi n r f :i.se 1 to permit ccor,limtion by 'llit.;d Council of dem<1nds of indiviclu'll powers for curr'3ncy for milik.ry pt,1rposes . t Council meeting _oniBv refused to ccnsider even inforrr..al consuF•·;tion betv,een Comnr.nders-in Chief before e ch power t:vould mf-lke its demands on /1.ustrian governn'3nt . Later in private confer ence however, I indl,ced him to cons9nt to such onsu1tr. . tion . Result w ~ de cision to llot out of on mil1 ard f5.ve hundred rpillion for conversion of rnili tary hol~ings n.nd one month ' s military expenditure two hundred millions 03.Ch to u.~ , British , an~ ~rench and nine hundred millions to USSR . Similar informal consuli"ations will be held on f'uture allocations amonr four po iverc, . 0 1 n2 . Political P.dYisers having been un· ble to reac'1 ['_greemi:=mt 011 question of reserved powers, the Chairman put before the Council a French compromise proposal I refused t.o accept it ecause it contained same features to which I had objected in Soviet proposal reported in P- 4 752 October 31 ) "3 . .cCreery then proposed following resolution , which w,... s adopted: "Since rticle 14 of the London · ~weement of July 4, 19,~5 provides that the nature and extent of llll:i.ed direction and 3uidance will be considered after the recognition by the four powers of a freely elected Austrian eovernm0nt , the Council decides to Wi:\it the fulfillment of th13 conditions lldd down in th-9 aforesaid Article bafore resuming the discussion of the e;uestion of reserved powers . The ,_llied Council instructs he Executive Committee to Prepare n study of this question now . In addition f rther important questions will r:.rise from the r9cognit.ion by the :'our powers of c drly elected Austrian government . rihe Allied Council instructs the Executive Committee to study c.lso these furthsr major problems. 1 "4. Bethouart announced French Government had decided to accredit his r:o. litical advisor also as political representative to Austrian Government ~md to accept a political representative from latter . He stressed that this in no way affects the authority of the Council . n �VIENNA--Nain:vrnE,. 18, 1945-•General Cle.rk arrived at his office at 1000 and immediately saw General Br nn and General Tate . Genernl Corbin of the C:uarterma.ster General ' s office , 'fa shi.ngt,on, D.. C., conferred with General Clark at 1030 on the use of surplus supplies and the suwly situation in generd . At 1045 Mr . and Mrs McCormick of the New York Times interviev1ed Gen-JrGl Cl:.rk • General Clark theii left his office for Ms villa to spend the rE,mainder of the day . 1 * * TI HNJ ·mv_, P}•.rrl 19 , 19.l5 Ge1"0r 1 at his of ice , t. 0915 ,,nd im'lle~.'ritely s 'l :en·r-1 Howard concerni..1rr .c &ecur:tt.r of _j_s 1 de;e ar;l -.hen conferred ~1ith G .,nsr 1 Brani.'1 r nc Gen9f'..-;i.l T te . Gener;l Cbrk r1ext Gavi I:r . :..r~- r ~ n · hen took cnre cf a.ccunn:l ed corre&1.x,~1dence . 3e .. d h::nc .. wit . . r.~.,. , _ rl1'"'.._"c1t Gen~ cl °Rr[:rn rmi:7 .lenerril ']>;·~ G r-nd rctu :ier~ to hls office where he worked unt il 1/430 hours nnd then left f' or ~-1is vill for t 113 _,_. .y . Gener q_ C'larl,. r 0 r ei ec1 t,._e 0nc~ Jo . ~c- s112, ~ 011 'N • .lg F e::::c:!.ce :'rc.,r: Gcner--..1 J::. a;:-1-~ff,Yor , a,.,f ~r n_h2..,}· :;rou for your kine. messace on my birthday * ( * irf;SR ?O , .. 9L,'3- ,.,,~ri~r ,..J. Clark ar~ivea ~t his off'ce c.t 0900 and pinned Solonel •·s c?.gles on Col . erhrrd Deutsch, Col. J ~rL c Rundell , rol. :..')..1 L .n;r· n --i_nd Col . ~red crick Stephens At 0930 he gr-:nted interviews to a group of r ?-:::Orters ~;ho --re on 3. tour of the :8uropean T e ter • ".t 0<]45 ~-<~mir· l Lo, r-;ry --nd Capt:2..:.n ··:i11te1·b.lr-r , he'"'.a of ·,._l v~l Di vision , tqlked ', 1.th Gener~l C'. •1 rk J...drnirr1 Low,--ry i& the Comr~-:nd:ing ff~_cer cf rbc ~1 av·.. l Divjsion j_n :.,.::'F"_,':' . ..L_.,''"l~Y''"'-1 Clar~~ , 1.ccomp-nied bJ t:r .. ..cobert Ch:risJ;:,enberry , 8:e113ral C1.11J..ir n ·rnr-1 Colonel Sr.ii-th , dep'"'rter1 .., T mc·-:,or :'or the ;•'1.<:: ..,,..11 1 G lodge "t 1 00 hours Gen°---'"' lark r ::. ;-Ad c.t his hunt in,: lc<:.c:e a . . cc.t 100 lwurf:. and spent h9 r -nuinc:er of th8 ~renj nc at is lodge . After dinner he took a walk nd retired early . ~e"'--rnl CI,. rlr recisived ,he follo".!in: message from 'Lhe Eon Ref AI'81'1C e I-To . -,:cL ?1942 • John .IcCloy , ttThank you _01.. cur very warming tolsgr. 11 . Cor;-d_ilg froi:i •: Comr.ci.nder of uc_ d::_stinct,ion ou c2n '· e s ·re I 'v.:.11 .1-re st1re it . 11 21 , 19Lt-5 .eDPra C a~c!r : ccomrnni..,d , y Mr ChristenberTy left -t·he lodge about 0830 and spent e d[{y in,. the h.:_lls lmn ~in,_ chamois~. How f!ver this w s not his luc::,., c1 • n-1 ~ returned t th lor ge ·· out 1730 emptyh0.nded He h d dinner and retired e rly VI ·1 . . . t T ,. 1 �Gener"',l Glnrk sent th3 fo}Jovlin€; message to · ·,10 Joint Chiefs of Staff regard:i.ng th0 critical food si ·uat ion which exists in th~ Russian occupied ( reca of Lower \ustrL , Reference No ., P 6211 ., 1 . Jmdr0as Korb Secretary of State for Fcod in the· l-rovision:11 Aus '., rian rJcnrernrric,nt on 10 November 19L,.5 submi ,ted c; i"ritten report to the /JtJJ.drJ.p.rti·.,e Foo 1 Committee of the .Allied Council outlining the critic•:.l food situation e:xj sting in th~ RtJ::oian Or'.'r>Ffied Lrea of Loner \t ::3tria . The rep:>r· str-tes thrihe estc 1Jliohed ration for the normal consumer in Lower .· ustria is 801 celor:ies per d ..y, nnd that due to non,.. ava-H a bHity of food normal consuri19rs in mo.ny areas actun.lly raceive no more thrin 700 calr;ries per ~-->y; that the RuPsians n.re importing no food into the aret1 .. tLat expected 1 VJ •wa:ne.bili ;;r of indigenous supplies during the conjnr· wint er vril.l cause the situ'>tion to 9'.et worse, and that a major disaster is threatened tinless considerable quantities of food - r c.> imported to lower fmstri • Conditions reported in t.hL., r'3port have been corroborated from other sources. The report re01.1es s the id llied Nations to furnish suffic:i..ent food to LmYer stria to pe:rm··t. m·1.intenance of r 2tion scales comparable to those of Vienna 0 1 0 ( "2. In inf rma.l convr::.rsations with m3m1x~rs of m,.T staff Tfarr Korb recentl r s , ted th t the Russians have never imr,orted food to Lower Austri•. 8nd t. ".:it dur:5.ng th 9 ear:{.y months of their occupa+ion the Russia ns used conslderable qurntities of Lower Austria ts lncU.genous food for subsi ctence of their troops , but in recent months this has been discontinued with respect to wheat ~.nd other major items although the P.us si8.n li.rmy cont..in,: es to consume local milk , vegeta )le and similar foodstu :.'='f's Korb stB.tes th- t serious malnutrition is <;i.lrea~y in evidence , a.eaths h2.ve occurred from malnutrition and that frequent demons rati ns of unrest have occurred in Wienernsustadt due to food conditions . u3 . The Ritssians s.re reslSL2.ng strenuously the placing of Herr Korb ' s rerort before the 11__lU.ed Council efor ,., elections . The--J neither admit nor ... erw the facts stated in Kerb ' s re:i:ort . N+• If conrlitjons do not improve in Lower i\ustrir. it is possible -:hav after the elections +,o be held 25 November the Austrian Crl:lvernment under Russian guid.r;i.nce may attempt to force the other powers to reduce ration scal es in other parts of Austria includj ng Vienna and use food imports so saved to alleviate conditions in Lower Austria; or m y request other rowers to make up deficjts in Lovier Austri a · In my opinion ration scales now in effect in Vienna. and the US ?;ones are tho mirrl.mum necessary to µcevent disease and unrest and I will resist ny efforts to reduce them Fu-rther I do n. t recorrime.nd increas"' ing our imports for use in Lower Austrit. as the feeding of that area is a definite Russian resp:msibility . Recent ir.i.formation reveals that Ru::-,si::.ns are br:ingj.ng c , 1 dition, 1 troops to Austria from Czechoslowkis. vrho in turn will live largely off the land ~ A critic 1 situa tion exists throughout the entire Rur:,sians area of •*ustria ,nd this sitv.Ptj on will be ag 0:r v ted if Rus sians fail to fu .fill th:dr obl_igations to provide food for their area . n 0 -* �l r1.-.r 91 , : m:--½ • , lod 0 c .... t 070 returned · s having shot • He e r_;_1h .nk2gh·i::··~ith Gene:., 1 nc fo'.hon .,. (',, l f, 1 ·, zrr 711 ?;-1'he1.. n C 0n r:-r' an' (;o~_Ol el G:::·ogn.n, Colo nsl E.riith, Colonel Jy d • r: r rry · t ~.is lo~ ~.3 . ~ a·· n11e1 1:: Gener'"' jr y. G ·1'?..... s , -r- 1 'V') '"':~.., .1.. _ -h ~ Qr-,n~-~ 1 Cl rk ::::?'.+ ni ed States Forces , Austri a : ttQn Thank sgiving Days of th e past , our f orefather s offered their 11~ve thanks for the freed.om they h .d found in our Ameri.ca You nd ;just "1dcC: our co ·n'·.rymen j__ -: r':!:J T .... t.:.011 .. · -L-Lt f' · ,,cuo:n , --.~1d in J. L 1.: be .. t,_j_o 1 ~ -1- :.~ o:)rrocse ~ pecp.. C::::' o: ·12~ ror1 ~ . L~ • ... ~m ~h .1~rful tcc'"'y f ,:; n,'11'1nder .. your coc· :itl..cut r:.·rn ·e cou ... d r vevot·on to ce, JOl:J.... LC~ 1.1~.ve v: n spiri-- , ... JOH). .:i-Lb you on t ·us Th·1.:nks,;;i ving r y o 1945 in ·ex···rcs:::. · g he~.rt±.' 1t .t· ·r c:.""'t~ en for · 1e ld.vine '"'tl. ic. _ee -::1hich led ·,1s to -i-.½_,, suceessfv C' m.t-•·... e·jon of th t missjon .:;_q!'e your fer 10nt t!'1rnt -1',.. 1 , 1{ . ..1.h t. a· ''"'. ne gt;i,..~,..,: me "".rl ..,sta ·lish world where '311 o~· all n 4 :.c":s ·:.L. ive tcwet.h ,r in tranquil pro,...perity fore,r .r n :r. . . un...,le c-, J ~ 3 , 19,45- 18:i:1ernl for ,;, , e,:1 · '.: .... '.::",!':. rnmained at his lodge duri'1g t e lk ·_n ·,he !lf'ternoor.. e , p·2;n1· t._1,:; ~a:.,. r ~::::-tir:g * * * iTJ 1A l.0V:" 2R 2L , l 9li5 G--1nar"l Sbr_{ left his 1- ,nt:.inf lodge :::i.t 1000 ours no. trent t' ~· :r _r.. th~ 11·1 s of :inderstod,'.;;;:::-· , =e.LuTn:.ng . out 730 hourc h~v:ng shot four chJ~1ois ch;r::nr;' · ne d . y . �w ,rry ing he ·'rmn_ er a ...aner 1 Clark l&'ft his hun '· jng lod.;;e t .lo .. icnn'"' b. c r e '"'rr:hr~d i1 1 Ti ,r-~~ ,.,t 1.4 5 y ·o --i J_ ;1,re 1e · h~d J ,l"'ch rrj r. C ~r, 4 en 1 al rested or n v. bil n t e evend early . d• •• rr1vec'. !lt his n,., ,11.D ·n re fe,J. o Jr-.c. ' r·r ._ ~rh _ t . J --.. c,_nn .c' -:- _i_'t~ C-::-•--,,_.,_~ ... 1 r".lrir}:, :Zor a short time . Lt ~ Grieorious , Ordnance, Speci l Project officer- , saw the General concerning telescopic s:.:..r;:JtE; for ~1::..G '!'~ ~-,., f:: ~n . . ,r ,. C"rr.~al :f "ie f ~ ~ ~tate D ,t,J...u:·~mant at Chserta · opi~-..d in t say 1&Jl ,.,_t' noon, 1 t t.er short confe .. erce ~irith Gene:r 1 To.ta , General Clark lunch . 0 J Immedi.:,tely after lunch Gen1=rnl fifol;ahon and General Tate conferred v1i h th8 General concernjng rranp-ements for a State De;_--,"3rtment cockt il party to b,3 g:tve:ri at 1800 hours in the evening . At 1430 General Flory s w Generc. l Clark to brief him on the Jewish Displaced . . ersons sitrn.tfon, and was followed at 11+30 hours by five me. mbers of the .Tmvish Committee of America, who a.r"= tourin •·~urope in order to see the condition of tTe!vish Displaced Persons cam s . At 1450 hours Gen9r,r.il Mel hon conferred ·dth QqnerAJ. Cl~rk nd was followed by C lonel rrogan t 1500 After ceeing ~i:mer 1 Tate for a short tim~ , Genera_ Cl ..rrl,. left hio off:.tce at 1530 W'>lk:i.ng wi- h G,:,neral Saltzm n to bis villa At 1800 hours General CJ.qrk guve a cockt.·:Ll party for forty members of the State Department and other m3mb0r s of he, .dq-Darters At 2000 hours the Gen0r,..1 had dinn.;r nith several m".3mbers of his staff ~nd later pl~y'9d ker * * * �l O,i, , ( Gene al Clark sent the following mes ... ge to Genl'.3rn.l of the Army George C flfarshall , 1rrar Dcr,st. ent , efereYJC8 ro . P- 6554: "In bj doing you this fonrl est f rewell on the erminntion of your br1.l i~.nt ten re of office ., I wish I v1°re t 1ere in ·1ash: ngton today to exnress to you the full me"" Sl1re of my personql congratul:1.tions nnd sincere th nks , as we 1 as t ose of 11 ranks h9re ,.,t USF.A Th, world 'vell !mows , , nd shall ever remember , the monument.al task rhich you so magnificen _,ly completed in supervising the victory ·of the l0rgest and e test armies to ever defend li. erty in the history of mankind . Time · shall not dim , nor sh 11 merica forget , the maenit de of your works • . Retirement from official office was never mo-re hiP."hly des9rved than yours I shall alt-';ays c e:rish the opportunH,y and privelege I had to serve under your r:.ble command re all most heartily gree ~ith the $entiments of Fresi• dent Trurr,cn ' s rec en-. statement of vour w rth, r:.nd in n rting we reg-..cetfully ·but prou.dly s lute trThe Greatest Soldj er the orld has ever known . 11 * * * * TI ,., ·A--lJCJ.r,..~•,·q,_R 27 191.5- General Clqrk arrived at his office at 1000 hours and tmmedi tely saw Co onel 1-'orter concernj ng arr ngements for a trip to It.aly in th near future . He next saw Gener-1.l Brann who was fallowed by Colon~J Pesek core ernj ng press cony to be delivered to t 1e Gener al each ·rno 1.!nft at 1050 hours .. Gener'1.l Howard saw Ger1Pral. Clar 1: and at 1120 M:r . lu.cCormac and Ttir . Foe or , rc3porters , inter-vier ed Gener-Jl Clark. Gener'l.1 Tate tf")lked i.v:i.th h~ Gene; .... nJ_ for s~1ort time t, noon nd 1tvas followed b:r Co onel Th :ver who discrs sed the S • 1 fter 1 un ' the General took care of all a c cumula · ed corresponde,nce and at 1430 hours left his of .ic We Udng t o his villa 0 0 , Gene ~,.1 Clark 1ssu8d the follow.1np; statement on Tuesday, the 27th, after the elections h2.d taken place i 1 Vienna: ''The TTnited States and the other Allied Occupation pov.rers have given to Aust ri something that is precious to all free men and vorvm: the right of free '31.ect:: rns , privile~e h~t hltler took a1~1a.y from them . his is one of tl e •. o~_;t important steps in +he . llies program of help~_no- Austria to become a free independent and democratic nation . t " stria ' s futvre is progrecsivel~r be -:i n ~ pl .;;. c ed J_n h~r orm hands . A free elect.ion vipes out another trace of Na.ziism and P-ives to the people Democratic government of :,heir ovm choice tt~:i nee the forces of th~ nj_ted S+ tes and the other Allies ent ,red A .strin , +h0re have been outstqnd~ng evidences of cooperation by 11 hustrians , an tho proP.;rPSS a.lready made to. ·r.ird the restorat:ion of A1-1stria as an indeendent democratic n.-..tion has be3n steady nd enccur ·~ng . n He rdll al * do our part to help Austria and its people . * * *w rt �VIEl'L A- ..: . BI.. ER 28 , 19/45- Ge~eral Cl rk !)rrived t _..is office b.t 0930 and sn~ G ,ner· l 'Ctr"nm . t 09L5 Gener2l Howc..r 1, }r.:iner ,l Tate ?!r:d Colon,. . l Faxon :rtr:.fec +he GAneral on c3.·,.., r reconn" is'1nc,-?. uni-1..s t .t 1000 Gen':~ral ,... eibert of C 2 . . -SFTT'T talked with General Clark on the G 2 se up, '".nc1_ :rns fol.lowed ;r Gen..,!.' .l Flory •;ho discussed t'19 ·~c "'t ~~ly repor' i::hich '· 1e ~ Hitary Comrdssj oner s 1 ;-;1jt,s . Gener .1 Rram1 a ain saw Gen9ral Clark and le.ter I r . r:,u_een ,. nr1 Fr ~; ed0n of the Eer?ld. Tri -iune , '~arc s -rlith our local P.t0 , interv..i e're the Go:ne1-- ... l . l~ ..,_jor ~J rm , lied.ical officer from the 110th StD tion Lospitnl tr~,,..,,ted Ge:ne:.~a1 Clar}- for an infection in his eye o.t 1200 . General Tate , S-e11eral , rnnn ··nd I1r c grhard conferred witL Gr.mer01l Ghrk · nt.il lunch .. :?ollov ing lune'. J~neral Brr:-r.n, Gener--:.1 Tete and rtr . Erhardt again conferred •.Ji th G'=nerr- 1 Ci ... rk nd. q..._ • c1· !1.ki .. i~ care of · cc-c11nuL t.ed cor:esp9nt~enc 0 , ~ h0: Gene~ al left h.:.r~ office for the d1y . 1 T. e Gener2.l sent .I.he fol owing mess .~e to S.eneral (.;osenh T .. lfoNe.rn;:y , 0o."Jno.nr1:ng G01~c:-c.l , F ., e, Forceo · uro e"'n fv~ t~r , Reference . . lfo .. •-6711-1-: "Dear t!oe· * Glac o renev1 the fine associ'ition Tle started ::.n Italy. * * tt * VI11, n~29 , 1945- General Cl~.rk arriyed 01 t Ms of:'ice at 0o35 . He i. ec-ia.tely s .w Grmer 1 Brnnn co 1cern2.ng the i:iaV·ers t be discussed w~.th ! 11 rohal Kon:t..;;V l· ter in the day . Geney-al C'l.srk talked vd_t:1 General G ltzman a.t 0900 concerning the t:r-ip to be tak0n to Italy and was follm1ecl by Colon .1 HyIT3.rd . C-oj.onel areet v1a.s cal ed in to c~iscus.,;, the currency probl em r.i..nd. at 0930 Genei--r.1 . ark 19ft his office to go to Baden to hrve 1.n informe.l conference with Marsh::ll Konie,r. He re ,urned to hj_s headc.J..1&rters 3l:.5 ho·vrs and fter lunch discussed the results of the confe,..,ence with Gen2r. l Brcu1 . The General le . his of· ice at 1500 hcurs for the day " ing GenAr.:-.1 Cl "rk sent the followinf: message to Jeneral ~isenhower regarddisc1 ssion which he lm.d. '.!:1..th r~a:rshal Rom ev e1trl:i er in the da;j . ! have jvst had a long pe ·sonal conversation with Koni~:N at his Head :rters in Buden . T ch foor1 resultec:i rom our conference One subject wMch he djscussed rAl•··tes to his c ·ncern cf adverse criticism in the ~meri can press of the ,... ovie ~nion po:.icies . I ri.ra convinced thnt _he rends only the deroga ory state111ents and fails ,o see- th,~ many f vorable reports which emanate :i:'roM the _1.r1 ericr.n press . ,~ould it not be a good idea if your Bure!.l.U o Pu lie Relations collec·:.ed and ser.:t, -to m8 o.nd to Mclfarney the many favor• , able artkles on Sov1et- er:n8riC'nn r:3 '1tions? These, men sutmitted to our . r3srec ive Soviet orros:i.~ es would r.roduce much good . n 11 q { �lo3 VIEilJKA--NOVF.J-1BER 30,, 1945--General Cla.rk ~rrived in his office at 0900 a.nd immediately s 1'1 General Tate and Genere.l Brann At 1 00 the General presented Colonel Grogan, Public Relations Officer, and Sargent Trent, the General 1 s Mess Sargent , with the ronze Star Medal for meritorious ..service . Both Colonel Grogan and Sgt. rent a re returnit1g to the StPtes for Christmas . A picture of the Commanding General , Deputy Commanrring General and Chief of Staff , ana Section heads• was taken a.t 1015 and immea.iately following the General left for the Alljed Council meeting which began at 1100 hours At 1430 hours General Clark returned to hi~ office from the meeting and immediately held a. press conference f) Upon completion of the conference General Cls,rk left his office for his villa where he ma.de prepara tions for le aving on a trip to Italy. At 1715 hours General Clark left his villa to go to Mehl.ling tation where he boarded hie private train .. Among the General I s guest who accompanied him on his trip to Italy were Maj . Gen. Harry J Collins, General S ltzman, General Sullivan, Colonel Porter, Lt . Col. Nygard , Mr Christenberry and General Clark ' s aide Lt . Traugott Gene:re.l Cl a rk sent the following mesrnge to Ron., Herbert H. Lehman, . UNRRA e Wa shington, D.C Reference No. P-6946: Director General 11 C'oncerning ( my conversation , i th you a.t the Columbus Dey Dinner in New York. I greatly apDreci?.te what you are doi n g with your organization in Austria . 11 Seven members of your Supply Working Party renorted here on 28 November in r .e sponse to re quest from the Allied Counci to stu-,y the problem of UNRRA aid for ustria PreliminA.ry discussions •ri th this group were held on 29 ~fovember ~ which inr1. icat es t will be several months b.efore any aid beyond tha.t now sup:pli ed ,Ji 11 be forthcora i r.. g " "I am gre Ptly concerned over conritions in Lo,.,e AustriP. Due to circu.mst~nces 'beyonc1. our control there is a. ureat shortage of f ood in thzt r~ rea , hich conc.i tion if al . . . owecl to continue, may cause many serious cases of malnutritjon this ~inter. Although this is in the area of responsibility of the Red Army the co1ditions there may reflect on conditions in the America.n Zone eno. in Vienna due to posdble necessity of divert fog our food and supplies to Lovrer Austria under emereency cono.i t ions . 11 ! feel we must forget the conditions 1hich created this situation c:ind a.pproach the problem as it exists today . I discussed this matter with Marshal Konev today and he would welcome any help UNRRA can give The longrange program envisaged by the Supply Working Pe.rty now here r ill not rneet the immediate emergency facing lo i er Austria. �1 I hope you can focus your attention on Austria where we nre making progress in creti ting an independent a.nd democratic nation of great importance to the United States and its Allies . 11 For ree.sons which you will unctersta.nd, the contents of this message must be considered confidential and no publicity whatsoever given to this message . 11 Hope to see you over here soon . n I'T.A.LY--DECEMEER 1 , 1945--General Clark , accompenied by Mr .. Christenberry , Maj. Gen. Collins , Generc.l Salt:zman 11 Col . Nygard ana_ Lt. Traugott arrived in Udine at 0945 hours . The party immediately left the train to continue to Pisa by C-47 where the were met by General OXX of the PBS . The party then took off for Florence by ca,r and arrived at the Angl~-American Hotel at two o'clock in the afternoon . A light lunch was served in the Gener~l's suite and at 2000 hours the pBrty had dinner with friends of the Genere.1 1s in Florence . ( I~ALY--D~CEI\JffiER 2, 1945--At 1100 hours General Clark, General Collins , General Saltzman ancl Mr. Christenberry a.ttencled mass at t he Santissima Annunziata Church in Florence. Lunch was served aboRrd the Genere,1 1 s train which had arrived from Udine at 1000 hours on Sunday morning . In the afternoon General Clark took a walk through the streets of Florence, and at night the General and. some of his guests dinerl out with friends of the General . I TALY--DECEMBER 3, 1945--Genera,l Cl qrk e.nd members of his pt?.rty with the exception of Colonel Nygard e.nd General Sullivan who remained in Florence , left for Rome by car , arriving s.t the Excelsior Hotel in Rome at 1600 hours . '11he General and his guests had a 1::Jte lunch at the hotel and at night General Clark , Mr . Christenberry, General Collins , Generd Saltiman and Colonel Porter had dinner with General Brady. ITALY--DECEMBER 4, 1945--General Clark and General Saltzman went for a. stroll in the morning and after lunch at the hotel, the General, accompanied by Mr . Christenberry and General Collins took the cAr for a drive to Anzio .. At 1830 hours the party went to the home of Ambassador Kirk for cocktails and retunned to the hotel for dinner . La.ter in the evening General Clark and. Mr .. Chrir-; tenberry went to the show at the Excelsior Hotel night club . �to5 ITALY--DECEMBER 5, 1945--General Clark dictatea_ e letter to Mrs .. C_ark in the morning . At 1000 Mr . Christenberry left Rome for the United States . After a short walk the General received Mr . Tittm:mn who took General - Clfark , General Collins , General Saltzman anaColonel Porter to the Vatican for an audience with the Pope A,t 1145. The General and his pa.rty attended a luncheon at 1330 given in Generf-11 Clark 1 s honor by Lt . Gen RidgePs.y . At 1845 hours General Clark , Gem-ral Collins , General Saltzman, Colonel Porter and Lt . Traugott went for cocktRils to the home o-P Gener?,l B,..aa_y to meet Crown Prince Umberto ~ after which the General c..nc_ his guests h a.d dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Tittmann. B'ALY--DECEMBER 6 , 1945--General Cl~rk and his party left Rome by pla,ne at 1030 hours and arrived in Florence at 1120 . Continuing on to Udine that same afternoon the plane was forced to return to Florence on account of bad weather and. the party remained in Florence overnight • • ITALY--DECEMEER 7 , 1945- •- Genera,l Clark and party left Florence on a :B-25 anc. arrived at Udine at 1115 where the group 1las met by General Moore of the 88th Division. Leaving Udine airfield at 1145 , the Generals plane continued on to Vienna , arr iving there at 2:15 o 1 clock . Gener~-1 Clark aJ1d General Collins went to the villa for lunch where they were met by General Brann . Gen .. Collins returned to Sal tzburg that same night on the 11 Mozart 11 train . ITALY--DECE!<BER 8 ~ 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours . After dictating some letters he saw Colonel Pesek ho w21s followed by Mr . Joseph Gray of the Political Division . Colonel Jack Nygard tal1t ed with the General for a. short time a.nd let er GenE·ral Tate with General OXX saw the · General . At 1115 General Clark conferred with Mr c Billy Rose of New York City concerning the entertainment facilities for office~s end enlisted men and also conditions for Jewish Displa.c ed Persons . At noon General Cb.rk promoted Ma.jor Snow and Ma,,jor McCracken to the grade of Lt . Colonel. He again saw Mr., Gray end Colonel Pesek . At 1300 the General had lunch '"ith F.Jembers of his stp_ff A.nd Mr . :Billy Rose . After lunch General Clark conferred with General Tate and e.t 1415 hours saw Mr . Figl , the new Austrian Chancellor who presented the Genera.l with a list of the new members of the Austrian Government . Shortly after theGeneral left for his villa where he spent the remainder of the e.vening . �General Cla.rk sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff i n Washington . Reference No . P-7627: 11 1 . At meeting Executive Committee 4 December discussion on reply to Renner i s appeal of 5 November for economic as dstance developed cleerly ns,tional position on food supply . US positions outlined in WAR 8589 of 292237Z •• British position generally in agreement with U. S . n2 . French stated they had agreed to supply th~ir area in Vienna on 1 , 650 basis but not repeat not in their zone outside Vienna, where ca.lory scale is now about 1, 200 , of which two third.s is supplied by French , remainc.er from indigenous resources . Soviets stated their underste.nding that four powers had accepted responsibility for supplying Vienna on basis of 1 , 550 but that there was no agreed responsibility to provide food for zones outside of Vienna , and that deficiencies in zones must be supplied by Austria from her own resources "3. All agree aid from UNRRA. essential on emergency basis and at earliest possible moment and. directed ce..b le be prepared to UNRRA setting forth situation and urgency and asking emergency a.ssistnnce with food to start before 1 February if possible . On US insistence agreed if UNRBA came in it would have free access to areas where it distributed supplies . 4 . On broad question Food Supplies Soviets submitted draft resolution critical of Austr i a government ' s e}ploitation Ano distribution of indigenous resources and directing implementation of food_ progress . This resolution al so included statement that Allied Council considers Austrian popul,:,,t ion can and must be fed out of its own resources until 1 March 1946 . British &nd US refused to accept resolution ana it was sent to Economic Directorate 11 for reconsidere.tion and redra.fting. 5 . Obvious from this meeting and subcommittee cHscussion thPt future French food imports except for Vien~a unlikely and that Russians will not supply in future except for Vienna.. 11 "6 . Promnt a.ssist ence from uNRP.A a-1nePrs best solution to -orevious serious shortages Lower Austria . rt General 012.rk also sent the following messa,€'"e to the Joint Chiefs of Staff rega.rding the new Austrian Cabinet members . Reference !fo . -P-7661 . "Ens;ineer Leopold Figl personally ca.Ilea_ on me this afternoon anc_ gave me the list of the new Austrian Cabinet A.greec upon by lesders of the three pe.rt ies which he he.s likewise sent to the Allied Council through channels . List follol-rs: �Chancellor and Foreign Minister; Figl - People ' s Party Vice Chancellor; Adc,lf Scha.erf Socialist Minister without Portfolio in ChA.r ge of Foreign Af i:'a irs; Gruber People's Party Minister without Portfolio; Lois Weinberger - People ' s Pa.rty . Interior: Oskar Helmer - Socialist ; Education and Worship . Feliz Hurdes - Peo-ple 1 s Party Justice : Geroe - Non-Party Agricul mre: Kr a.us - Peop le I s Pe.rty Finance: , Zimmermann - Non-party Commerce e.na Building : Raab - People ' s P$.rty Communications : Vincenz Uebleis - Socialist Power and Electrification: Ke,rl Altmann - Communist . Food~ Korp - Socialist. Socia.l Ad.ministration: Boehm - Socialist Property and Economic Planning. Schumy - People ' s Party. Under the Ministry of the Interior there is a People t s Party State Secretary Ferdinand Graf (who is to handle publi.c security matters) e.nd under the Property Ministry is a Socialist State Secretar y Karl Wa.ldbrunner . ( Figl told me confidentially that Renner wa.s . to be President and thq+ he would accept . He likewise said the.t the Oa.binet had been a.greed on by the leaders of all three pci,rties . He hopes that the Allied Council at its meeti.ng on December 10 will approve the cabinet and. I told him that I woula. do everything I could to bring this about and. would also end.eavor to get the Council to agree to recommend th8 t the respective Governments of the occupying po'A·ers should. grant recognition . I t olcl him this would. take some time but I hoped the Council would see fit to a.u thorize him to proceed with the calling together of tle Nationalrat ana. Bundesrat . the election of the president , etc .. • so that the new government cou'ld be formally esta.blished and operating before Christmas. VIEN.NA--DECErrnER 9 11 1945--General Clark reme.ined at his villa in the morning taking care of accumulated correspondence ana. papers . General Clark saw Colonel Smith of the Labor Division at 1215 hours A.nd received messages from various people in the Wa.r Department which Collnel Smith had brought upon his recent return from the States . General 01;.irk held a. conference with Mr . Doc Mathews , GenerA-1 Brann , · Mr . Erhardt and Mr .. Gra,y at 0100 hours . After resting a while in the afternoon he saw General Howa.rd. and Colonel Coburn C.. Smith who are lea.ving for the General . In the evening Countess Olivia Larisch ha.d dinner with the General . �LoZ ( General Cla.rk sent the follo ring message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Reference No P-7673 : 11 Referring to WARX 86274 , conditions in Vienna. are suffi.ciently known to warrant rea.sonalJly correct estimate of number of troops necessary here for each power .. Outside ViennA, conditions are influenced by factors such as numbers of DP 1 s, PWs , refugees. fuel. food , andother economic conditions , severity of winter , health and security conditions , destruction caused by ·ar and situation in neighboring countries, which are imposeible to forecast accurately Such factors in Rus dan zone lea.st known to us of e.11 zones as less infonnation avail able . Additionally capabilities of transport · to move Soviet forces elsewhere and to house and feed in other localities and possible density of mov€m e nt not sufficj_ently known . With our different military organizations difficult to give valid estimate as to wh, t rEic.uction can be ma.de in troop basis of other powers by use of mobile type police force . 11 In computing US requirements, necessary make following assumptions as to US Forces . First , that forces are available only for occupationpl duties and a.re consequently not immediately F.tVa.ilable for use in a comt)at role else\>'here in Europe; second , thP..t conditions mentioned first paragraph improve after this winter so that troop requirements for controlling or supervising progr€ssively decrease . These assumptions are not all necessarily applicable other powers because of different condi t j ons· in and ne~r their zones . 11 As to topics A, B, end C, estimate present needs of Vienna t includ fog a.djacent Vien.,_"1& a.irfield garrison, for ee.ch po ,rer as 9 , 000 . These inclucl.e comb~.t Bnd service t ·roops , mili tnry and Allied Council 1 headqua.rters "?ersonnel and a small air component . Use of mobile police-type forces will not affect requirements in Vienna , Progres~ively , requirements in Vienna can be reduced to 5, 000 per power by 1 November 1946 , 11 0ut side Vienna present US reouirements are about 31 , 000 normal type troo-ps which can progres~ively be reduced to about 16 , 000 by 1 July 1946, and 12 , 500 by 1 November 1946 . The employment of mobile police-type units of cav2,lry and military police could probably further reduce this figure to 12 , 500 by l July 1946 and_ to 10 , 000 by 1 November . At present time outside Vienna French requirements are slightly less than our O'ltm. British and Soviet minimum re~uirements outside Vienna are presently greater than our because of locat i on , extent , and cha!'$.cter their zones , particularly frontier responsibility . Estimate tha.t British minimum requirements N"Ould currently be a.bout 50 , 000 and 60 , 000 . (This purely a guess , -oerticularly with regards to Soviets . Use of mobile type police forces by other po-i;.1:ers might result in small saving if they he.d equipment availa1)le . Progressively British and. Soviet forces could be reduced to parity ,,rith US but only vihen conditions have stabilized by elimina.tion present major troop 9roblems caused by factors enur.1era.ted beginning of message . Recommend this scaling down to parity be spread over period of time . Specifically, recommend that ea.ch power be asked to agree to follov,ing. �l69 ( "I . To reduce progressively , beginning at once, the size of the occupying forces in Austria. ti II. To phase the reduct ion so thAt a .. The mazimum forces of each power in Vienna and adjacent Vienna airports ~ill be limited as follows By 1 July 1946, 8 , 000 By l November 1946 , 5 . 000 b. The mazimum forces of each power in their zones outside of Vienna will be limited is follows : By 1 July 1946 , 16 , 000 for French r 16 , 000 for US , 30, 000 for British and 40 , 000 for Soviet . By 1 November 1946 , 18 . 500 for French, 12 , 500 for US , , 20 , 000 for British , 28 , 010 for Sovi•t ~ ttIII . To effect a progressive further reduction after 1 November 1946 in order to arrive at ~Arity i n the size of the forces of each power . IV . Tha.t in order to reduce the size of the occupying forces , eP..ch po,,rer will wher e pra,ct icA.h le use to the maximum in the zones outside Vienna mobiile police-type forces or other organizations and equi-pment that i••i l l reduce needs of manpower . 11 Tha.t in specifying thf7 size of the occupying forces , the f i gures include officers and men of land , air , and sea forces . V. "VI . 'nhat the figures as to s i ze are mazimum figures and that each of the occupying powers may in their discretion maintain garrisons of lesser strength . ":NEW SUBJECT: It must be borne in mi nd that the above figures are educated guesses , particularl y for Soviets and to a lesser extent for French and :British . Whereas US proposed reductions are probably fl}ore accurate they must de:pend on coordinated action by other powers . 11 Referring Topic D, I offer following 'comments . fl{l) Generd . General policiew and major obj ecitives outlined in State Dep~s 299 are fully supported here . I "(2) Powers and functions of Allie<l a.uthori ties in Austria. in immediate future . It is suggested that after new Austrian Govt . formed as result of elections has been recognized by the four powers , the Allied authorities in Austria should no longer exercise supreme authority in all matters affecting country as a whole . Instead they should (a) retain responsibility for �uo handling certain specified matters themselves, (b) retain control or sunervisory power (including veto power) over certain other , but (c) exercise only guidance or advisory functions regarding most l~rger long term problems . These three categories may be indicated as follows: tt (a) Matters to be handled by Allied authorities themselves . These include United Nations DPs and PWs ~ United Nat ions property , Allied rep_ rri.tions claims to German property in Austria , enforcement of German surrender terms so fer as Austrie. is affected , demobiliz tion , separc:tion and disentanglement from Germany , importation of essential relief and rehabilitation supplies , and , when requested by Austrian Govt. Patrol of international frontiers and assi stc,nce in maintena.nce of internA-1 order .. Except for le.st three iteme these are matte.rs in which Allied powers h&ve major interPst of their O'rn . 11 (b} Matters on ,r•hich Allied authorities ,~·ould retain control or supervisory po 1.~ ers ( incluc_ing veto po,,,er) ·~ These are matters ,,rhich have importai."lt be8ring on preservation of peace , 8nd incluae the conclusion of political and military treaties bet ,reen new Austrian Govt and forei.gn Govts, maintenance of an Austrian military estt:1blishment 901.:;session and development of industries useful only for war purposes ,. foreign trade and economic relations ,,,1th oth&r countries ( inclua.ing regional economic arrangements) , denazificet ion ( t, 1hich can now best be handled by Austrians under Allied su:r,-ervision) , and preservetion of freedom of speech . freedom of press, ~nd other civil liberties . (There should be no Allied censorshin . ) u (c) Matt ers on which Allied authorities would furnish guidronce and ad.vice to new Austrian Gov~ . .,,\11 remaining matters 1:·ould fall in this c~tegory . The political matters inc lude question of holrli:"lg ne\1 nr-tional elections within t1 elve months if found desirable to a.o so , relations bet •een Federal .,.na_ provincial govermnent, constitutional powers of the president , and relations behreen State and Church The economic ma.tters include rehabili tetion, and labor pnd social questions . 0(3) Organizatiqnal setup and methods of operation of Allied authorities . It is hoped that a new agreement can be entered into among the four Governments ir!. nec1-- future vesting que.dripr:-..rti te Allied Commission with powers _nd functions some ·:h[-~t as suggested above . I suggest that 1 t might be left to the discretion of ea.ch Govt to decide whether its highest rer,resentn.tive should be military or civiliAn c=ind ~hether its element of Allied Commission staff should be military , civilian, or mixed . In this connection my recent private talk rith Koniev indicated he strcnty favored retention of military control . The Divisions of Allied Commission should be adjusted. to conform with ministrtes of new Austrian Govt . The agreement should provide that the three categories of of m2.t ters mentioned in per a 2 a.bove should be dealt with through proceti.ures somewhat A8 follows : ( �lll ( "(a) Matters to be ha.n dled by Allied authorities themselves . Agreement as to all policies should be reached. , on basis of unanimity• in Allied Commission . Execution of the policies could be entrusted in some cases to Qµadripa:i::-tite egencies a nn. in others to forces of the various powers , as agreed in Allied. Commtssion. Aue +,rhm Govt . should collabort:i te an~~ be called upon for assista.nce to extent found advisPble . 0 (b) Matters on which Allied authorities would retain control or supervisory powers (incluci.ng veto po'ltrer) •· Decisions should be reached on all these matters by Al lied Commission on basis of unanimity . However proposed acts of Aus t ri?'1 Govt should be a.llowed to go forward or to t ::ike effect a.u tomPt ica.lly in absence of exnress notification of veto within ap"9ropriat e short periods . In all these mRtters , any necessary rork would be carried on by Austrian Govt . Investigation of Austrian ~onroliPnce "".rith AC rulings should. be made by quadrip artite committees or agencies . "(c) Matters on which All'ied authorities would furnish guidance and Pdvice to new Austrian Govt . !n these mA.tters the four Allied pouers should urefer &bly act through Allied Commission, on basis of discussion and unanimous agreement . I f one or more powers should insist on extending gui dance or advice on particula.r ma tters unilaterally through diplomatic renresentatives , there would seem to be no way of preventing it . However , agreed quadrip artite guidance and advice would sometj_mes carry greater weight .. 0 (4) Zones of occup Btion. Troops of the various powers should be assigned to specified present localities and their movemEnts should be restricted but zonal deme,rcation lines should be elimin3.ted so far as adrninirtration of Austrian affairs is concerned . Allied authorities should not restrict the moveme nt of Austrian citi.zens or Austrian commerce . Allied authorities should address all instructions a.nd advice to Federal Govt . except in ma.t ters of exclusively local concern . n(5) Future Changes in Powers and Functions of Allied Authorities . Function of im:9orting essential relief and rehP..bilitation supplies should be turned over progressively to UNRRA as l.s,tter becomes able to Rssume the burden . Grn.dUA.l. revival of Aus t rian foreign trade should also contribute to tapering off of quadrip r. rt i te responsibility for ci""1ilian supplies . "The new four-po ,rer a.greement should provide that highest representatives of four powers in Allied Oomriission may agree on behalf of their Govts from time to time , on basis of unanimity , to :relinquish control or supervisory powers (includj ng veto power) over any matters indicated in para 3 b above . 0 It ap"Dea.rs from numbered para 3 in Sta. -'- e Dept ' s 299 that St te Dent contempl tes incorporating in proposed new four :po•.'-• er Eigre ement provisions governing ultim11te liouidation of Allied Control and tr nnsfer of full sovereign rights to Austrian Govt .. Sovi e t representa.tives heve recently indicst ed the.t they consider signine of a peace treaty the act ~Thich will finally terminate four pO\.rer control ~ guia.ance of Austria " * * * * �lt2 VIENNA-...DECEMBER 10, 1945---Gene:r-al Clark arrived at his office at 0830 and immediately saw General Brann. Colonel Sloan was called in to the office and shortly thereafter Maj or Betz saw the General. Both General Bratm and General Tate walked with the General for a long while. At 09.30 hours Mr. Erhardt conferred with General Clark and later Mr. Doc Matthews, Director of European Division of the State Department, was also called in · on the conference. After seeing General Brann again for a short time the General left with Mr. Erhardt, Mr. Matthews and General Brann for the Allied Council Meeting which began at 1100. The General returned to his Headquarters at 1500 hours and at 1515 held a press conference which was attended by Mr. M. W. Fodor of the Chicago Stm; Mr. Seymour Friedin of the New York Herald Tribune; Mr. Lynn Heinzerling of the Associ• ated Press; Mr. John MacCormac of the New York Times; Mr. Panos Morphopoulos of Newsweek; Mr. Harold Queen of the United Press and Mr. Fred Wackernagel of ISB-USFA. After the conference General Clark talked with General Brann and General Tate, leaving his Headquarters for his villa at 1615. In the evening he had dinner with General Sullivan, Colonel Porter and Colonel Martin. General Clark sent the following message to Field Marshal the Honorable Sir Har old R. L.B. Alexander, Governor General, Dominion of Canada, Personal Clark to Alexander. Reference No. P•7176: "I offer heartiest congratulations to you today on your birthday. Your indispensable contribution to our allied victory during the past year must today be a source of great pride and satisfaction for you. Your many friends here in the U. s. Forces in Austria join with me in trusting that you will enjoy that same outstanding success in the fulfillment of your new responsibilities. I send my personal best wishes for your continued health and good fortune in the years to come." * * * * VIEl~NA-•DECEMBER 11, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours where he immediately saw General Tate and General Brann. At 1010 General Bethouart, French Commander, conferred with General Clark and at 1030 the General saw Colonel Porter. Dr. Gruber of the ' Austrian Government had a conference with General Clark concerning recognition of the new government and immediately following, General Brann and General Tate again saw the General. Mr. MacCormac and Mr. Fodor, news correspondents, talked with the General shortly before lunch and after lunch the General conferred with Mr. Erhardt and then General McMahon and General Tate. At 1400 hours Mr. Figl, Chancellor of the new Austrian Government, saw General Clark concerning the recognition of members of the new government. The Russian government is objecting to the new government as first submitted and General Cl ark is acting as arbitrator. At 1500 hours General Clark saw General Brann and General Tate, and then Colonel Rich, Medical Officer, concerning the medical setup in Austria. After seeing Mr. Erhardt concerning the Austrian government General Clark left for his villa. �\ l3 "Allied Council approved (1) reply to paragraph in Dr. Renner 1s letter of 30 November dealing with his objection to the size of occupation forces; (2) Invitations to Yugoslav and Swiss governments re telephone service between their countries which passes through Austria; ( 3) Aclmowledgment receipt of copy of Yugoslav note verbale re ele·c tion in Carinthia; (4) Report on Austrian elections; (5) Directive to Austrian government prohibiting military activities in accordance with Potsdam agreement; (6) Telegram to UNRRA requesting emergency relief; (7) Belgian Military Mission under Article 12, EAC agreement (8) Disposal of 31 Renner government laws, twenty without change, five with amendments, five abrogated by approval of conversion law, and ordered submission of a concise constitutional law to cover provisions needed to organize new parliamentary goy0rn~ent and a complete draft of a provisional constitution later. * * * * VIENMA--DECEMBER 12, 1945•-General Clark arrived in his office at 1000 hours and immediately saw General Hume, G-5. He later saw General Brann and Colonel Marget concerning the new currency conversion. Mr. Erhardt talked with General Clark on the most recent developments of the recognition of the new government and shortly afterwards General Tate saw General Clark. Later Golonel McLean talked with General Clark on several court martial cases which were pending, after which General Clark again saw General Brann and Mr. Erhardt. After lunch at 1300 hours, General Cl ark took care of accumulated correspondence and left his headquarters for his villa. At 1700 hours in tµe afternoon, accompanied by General Brann, General Saltzm~ and Lt. 'I'raugott, General Cl ark had tea with Countess Olivia Larisch. In the evening he had dinner at his villa and retired early. General Clark sent the following message to Brig. General l~evins, USFET, Reference No. P-7898: "Per phone request from Colonel Balmer your office following is text USFA reply ·to WARX 86274 and W.ARX 87430. Begin text. "Referring to WAHX 86274, conditions in VIENNA are sufficiently lmown to warrant reasonably correct estimate of number of troops necessary here for each power. Outside Vienna, conditions are influenced by fact6rs sµch as numbers of DP's, "PWs, refugees, fuel, food and other economic conditions, • �severity or winter, health and security conditions, destruction caused by war and situation in neighboring countries, which are impossible to forecast accurately. Such factors in Russian zone least known to us of all zones as less information available. Additional ly capabilities of transport to move Soviet forces elsewhere and to house and feed in other localities and possible density of movement not sufficiently known. With our different military organizations difficult to give valid estimate as to what reduction can be made in troop basis of other powers by use of mobile type police force. -· "In computing US requirements, necessary make following assumptions as to US Forces. First, that forces are available only for occupational duties and are consequently not immediately available for use in a combat role elsewhere in Europe; second, that conditions mentioned first paragraph improve after this winter so that troop requirements for controlling or supervising progressively decrease. These assumptions are not all necessarily- applicable other powers because of different conditions in and near their zones. ( "As to topics A,B, and C, estimate present needs of Vienna, incl uding adjacement Vienna airfield garrison, for each power as 9,000. Those include combat and service troops, .military and Allied Council Headquarters personnel, and small air component. Use of mobile police-type forces will not effect requirements in Vienna. Progressively, requirements in Vienna ean be reduced to 5,000 per power by 1 November 1946. "Outside Vienna present US requirements are about 31,000 normal type troops which can progress ively be reduced to about 16 1 000 by l July 1946, and 12,500 by 1 November 1946. The employment of mobile police-type units of cavalry and military police could probably further reduce this figure to 12,500 by 1 July 1946 and 10 1 000 by 1 November. At present time outside Vienna French requirements ate presently greater than ours because of location, extent, and character their zones, particularly frontier respon• sibility. Estimate that British minimum requirements would currently be about 60,000 and Soviet 60,000. (This is purely a guess, particularly with regards to Soviets). Use of mobile type police force by other powers might result in small saving if they had equipment available. Progressively British and Soviet forces could be reduced to parity with US but only when conditions have st~bilized by elimination present major troop problems caused by factors enumerated beginning of message. Recommend this scaling down to parity be spread over period of time. Specifically, recommend that each power be asked to agree to following: I. To reduce progressively, beginning at once, the size of the occupying forces in Austria. II. To phase the reduction so that a. The maximum forces of each power :in Vienna and adjacement Vienna airports will be limited as foll ows: �( f ( By 1 July 1946, 8,000 By 1 November 1946, 5,000 b. The maximum forces of each power in their zones outside of Vienna will be limited as follows: July 1946, 16,000 for Frencp, 16,000 for us, 30,000 for British and 40,000 for Soviet By 1 November 1946., 12,500 f'or French, 12,500 for US, 20,000 for British, 28,000 for Soviet By l 1 III. To effect a progressive further reduction after 1 November 1946 in order to arrive at parity in the size of the forces 0£ each power. IT. That in order to reduce the size of the occupying forces, each power will where practicable use to the maxirnum ,in the zones outside Vienna mobile police-type forces or other organizations and equipment that will reduce needs of manpower. V. That in specifying the size of the occupying forces,, the figures incl ude officers and men of l and, air, and sea forces. VI. That the figures as to size are maximum figures and that each of the occupying powers may in their discretion maintain garrisons of lesser strength. It must be borne in mind that the above figures are educated guesses, particularly for Soviets and to a lesser extent for French and British. Whereas US proposed reductions are probably more accurate they must depend on coordinated action by other powers." * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 13, 1945•-General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately saw General Brann~ 1The remainder of the morning he spent in conference with Mr. Erhardt, Ma-Jor Kretzman, Mr. Figl and Mr. Natirbov, concerning the recognition of the new government. Later he saw Colonel Sloan and Colonel Nygard . After seeing Colonel Cole who wished to thank the General for his picture t aken during a recent decoration ceremony, General Clark again saw General Tate. General Clark had lunch at 1300 hours and after conferring with Mr. Erhardt and General Brann, he left his office walking to his villa where he spent the rema~aer of the day working on correspondence. �General Clark sent the fol lowing message to General Patton who was seriously injured in an automobile accident in Mannheim, Germany: "Dear George: I and my entire command are praying for your speedy and complete recovery. MARK. n The following is a summary of the conversation between General Clark and Chancellor Designate Ing. Leopold Figl, and subsequent conversation between the Honorabl e John G. Erhardt, Political Adviser,and the Chancellor Designate. General Clark began the conversation by pointing out to Mr. Figl that he was interested in helping the Austrians to establish a government of their own as rapidly as possible. In view of the Soviet objections to the inclusion of some of the proposed members of the government the decision of the Allied Council has been referred to the meeting of the Executive Committee on the 14th of December, but General Clark was interested in mediating the difficulties before that meeting if it were possible to do so. General Clark asked Mr. Figl whether he had had an opportunity to discuss the subject matter of the conference with Dr. Gruber, and was assured that Mr. Figl had been informed of the conversation with Dr. Gruber. To General Clark's direct question as to whether he were willing to sacrifice the four individuals in question, Graf, Schumy, Korp, and Raab, in the interest of getting the new government established, recognized and functioning, Mr. Figl launched into an attempted defense of the Soviet allegations against the four individuals. General Clark pointed out that it was not a question of lack of confidence in these people, against whom we had no objections, but purely a question of circumventing the Soviet abil ity to indefinitely postpone the recognition of the Austrian Government by yielding on this point. Mr. Figl was apprehensive that if he yielded at this juncture further Ministers might be removed at Soviet request at a later time. General Clark pointed out that while, at present, the objections of one of the four powers could prevent the recognition of the new government, that after such recognition had taken piace any one of the four powers could prevent an attempted removal of an individual because it would continue to require unamimous decision. Mr. Figl f'el t that if he had to alter his government by substituting four or even three different individuals for those objected to he would lose the confidence of his party and of the Austrian people, besides the fact that he would be accused of pursuing personal advantage by sacrificing his friends and associates. When pressed for a direct statement, Mr. Figl insisted that he would feel compelled to resign and relinquish the formation of the government to some other individual . General Clark pointed out that this would not present a solution to the problem and that Mr. Figl, as the leader of his party, had a mandate from his constituency to form a government. On the �question of sacrificing his friends, General Clark pointed out that this decision should be made in conj unction with the friends in the interests of Austria as a whole. When pressed as to a possible compromise solution/Mr. Figl indicated that he would be willing to sacrifice Schumy and Korp if he would be allowed to retain Raab and Graf, although he was reluctant to yield on~ of these people. At this point, Mr. Figl proposed that he again at tempt to negotiat with Mr. Kisilev and .Marshal Koniev and suggested that the way had been left open for that by an invitation from .Mr. Kisilev to discuss these matters with him on Wednesday. He assured General Clark of his gratitude for the United States interest in attempting to untie the Gordian knot, and that he would report back by Wednesday evening on the results of further negotiations with the Russians. ( In a subsequent conversation with Mr. Erhardt, Mr. Figl took the same position. He was assured by Mr. Erhardt that the u.s. position was that Austrians who had been freely elected were entitled to sit in the government unless some definite evidence of a security nature was involved. Mr. Erhardt explained to Mr. Figl that he thought this was an attempt on the part of the Russians to save face in view of the loss of prestige they had suffered through the overwhelming Communist defeat in the recent election. He also informed Mr. Figl that he believed Marshal Koniev to be under instructions from Moscow to att.empt to reassert Russian influence in Austria through these moves. Mr. Erhardt suggested to Mr. Figl that he re-examine his cabinet and discuss the matter further with the Russians in order to see if a compromise solution might be reached before the meeting of December 14. General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff regarding the results of the Allied Council meeting of 10 December 1945. Reference No. P-7811: "Allied Council meeting 10 December was speedy. Most important point was Koniev statement he was not repeat not ready to discuss composition of Figl's new cabinet because of lack of time to study membership and because Figl had submitted no }:rogram. This was first time question of program was raised. Koniev attaep.ed great importance to program because this government must work under Allied Council. Suggestion adopted ·· to refer both matters to Executive liommittee meeting ].4. December . If that committee can agree Allied Council will act on 20 December. If they disagree, Allied Comcil will hold extraordinary meeting. I consider it vitally important that Fig1 1s government be recognized as soon as possible. Believe Koniev will stall if pos• sible. After Allied Council meeting he asked me in his office and stated that the Soviet objected to four members of suggested cabinet. Stated that if these four members were removed he would recommend that his government recognize Figl cabinet. My position is that the issue is more important than the individuais and I will do my utmost to get agreement in the new cabinet so that the"··government can receive early recommendation. �( General Clark sent the following message to Gen. Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Reference No. P-7960: "All members of the United States Forces in Austria who campaigned wi·t;h the magnificent Brazilian Expeditionary Forces in Italy join with me today in wishing you success in the important role you will play in Brazil's destiny. We shall never forget Brazil's great contribution to our final victory in the Mediterranean last May. I offer my sincere best wishes for the continuing welfare of your great _nation. 11 The following message was received from Chief of Staff , War Department, Washington, D. c. Reference No. WARX-88278: "REURAD USFA, P-7673 dated 9 December 1945, CITE PASGS relayed to CG USFET, MAIN WAR DEF ARTMENT. War Department proposed reply to State De• partment letter quoted in WARX 86274, 30 November 1945 partiall y as follows. "A. Agreement should be sought among the 4 Powers to reduce progressively occupation forces to these maximum figures on the dates indicated. (1) In Vienna for each power - 9000 on 1 February 1946, 8,000 on 1 July 1946, 5,000 on 1 November 1946. (2) ( Outside Vienna; Power United States 1 February 1946 31,000; 1 July 1946 16,000; 1 November 1946 12,500. Power France; 1 February 1946, 28,000; 1 July 1946, 16,000; 1 November 1946 12,500. Power, UK; 1 February 1946, 50,000; 1 July 1946, 30,000; 1 November 1946, 20,000, Power, USSR; l February 1946, 60,000; 1 July 1946, 40,000; l No• vember 1946, 28,000. 11 B. If State Department deems principle of establishing equalized Occupation Force figures important, figures for USSR should be used. In either case, proviso must be made that figures are maximum and need not be maintained but are to include all ranks of ground, air, and sea forces. Particularly in view of first assumption of para 2 ·of P-76~3, request your concurrence in or comment on the preceding paragraph this message. It should be pointed out that United States figures will not constitute approved troop strength, but will be subject to reduction by use of Police-type Unit and by other factors. 11 * l f * * �VIENNA••PECEMBER 14, 1945•-General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 0910 hours and immediately conferred with General Brann. At 1100 General Tate and General McMahon saw General Clark and were immediately followed by General Flory. Mr. Erhardt and :Mr. Mellen of the State Department conferred with General Clark on UNRRA and later Major Betz of PRO was called in to see the General. General McChrystal who had just come from the States called on the General later in the morning and was followed by Nir. Fodor whom General Clark asked to see. General Tate, General McMahon and Colonel Pesek talked with General Clark on Headquarters organization and were followed by Mr. Erhardt and Mr. Shaaf, of UNiffiA. The purpose of Mr. Shaaf •s visit was to give the General a clear picture of UNP..RA and its work. The General had lunch at 1330. At 1415 the General conferred shortly with General Tate and immediately following the General left his headquarters for his -villa where he remained for the rest of the day. General Clark sent the following message to General McNarney 1 USFET 1 Reference No. P-8050: I. I feel I must call to your attention the serious personnel situation developing in Austria. Our personnel requirements were recently furnished your G-3 in a detailed summary of personnel dispositions. I consider this summary as representing the minimum forces required to accomplish the tasks of winter occupation. Any material reduction in strength before spring will seriously interfere with border security, affect administration of displaced persons camps, reduce our ability to work and guard disarmed enemy forces, and curtail, if not eliminate, wood cutting for fuel to meet minimum needs in our zone, including Vienna, and to adequately administer military government. 11 ( 2. At present both the 42nd and 83rd Divisions are at approximate T/0 strength. Based on latest information concerning eligibility for rede• ployment, percentages of T/0 strength are estimated on dates indicated: 42nd Division, Jan 15 - 92; Feb 1 - 90; Feb 15 - 80; Marl - 80; Mar 15 70. 83rd Division Jan 15 - 64; Feb 1 - 64; Feb 15 - 50; Mar 1 - 50; Mar 15 - 45; Average of other combat units Jan 15 - 73; Feb 1 - 73; Feb 15 59; Marl - 59; Mar 15 - 46. Overall position for all troops, including service elements, Jan 15 - 76; Feb 1 - 76; Feb 15 - 63; Mar 1 - 63; Mar 15 50. As an example the 4th Cavalry Group of two squadrons, which arrived in Austria from Western Military District on November 27, arrived with 1,067 high or medium point score enlisted personnel out of an enlisted T/0 strength of' 1,463. These men will be redeployed, 500 by 10 January and the balance by 1 March. 11 �l;2o u3. To correct the above deficiencies there should be furnished balanced reinforcements to cover our current requisitions and future requisitions to be submitted in accordance with personnel procedures, as follows: During early January 8,000 of which up to 4,000 may contain enlisted men with point scores in appropriate brackets for return to US with the 83rd Division in April; on 1 February 3,000 on 1 March 2,000. Informal advice from your G-1 indicates we may be allotted 4,300 replacements for arrival in January. If this becomes a firm allotment the above requirement for January is reduced accordingly. I desire to emphasize however that these 4,300 replacements should arrive early in January to give relief we need. 4. I realize the difficulties you are havi ng in obtaining personnel replacements and I recognize the pressure you are under as to redeployment. I feel however, that unless the strength of my small force is kept near T/0 strength t his winter our ability to cope with the problems with which I am charged by the Joint Chi.ef of Staff, will be critically taxed and I vdll be forced to eliminate many essential · ·tasks. I am particularly concerned over the displaced persons problems. Any relaxing of administration of our displaced persons camps is apt to cause wrest among camp occupants and develop repercussions detrimental to our national interests. Furthermore we rely to a great extent upon disarmed enemy troops for performing many of our service tasks • 'l1his places a heavy demand upon our troops for guards. 11 5. I have just received. word that my command is being asked to furnish 26 officers and 396 enlisted men to Theater Service Forces as a cadre for a Graves Registration Regiment. As detailed above the personnel situation in Austria is now so critical that I must strongly request reconsideration. 11 6. I shall appreciate anything you can do to keep my units at approximate T/0 Strength. 8 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECEiviBER 15, 1945•-General Clark walked to his office from his villa arriving at 1000 hours. After his arrival he drew the four prizewinning names in the War Bond contest all of which went to enlisted men. After seeing Mr. Erhardt for a long conference the General again saw General Tate and Colonel Pesek and left his headquarters at 1215 and walked with Mr. Erhardt and General Saltzman down through the business section of the city in order to get a close view of the people . He then preceded to the Bristol Hotel where he looked over the recreational facilities which the hotel offered. He arrived at his villa around 1430 hours in the afternoon. 00Q hours General Clark had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Erhardt, ount Larisch:and other guests at the Bristol Hotel and later saw the floor s~ ristol Room. ,( I , ~ :{ fa \s IP' f f\l -I £ HJf ,J1 f DJ lt;..( I u. ' 8 & f �General Clark received the following message from Field Marshal Alexander: "Tank you so very much for your kind birthday greetings. I am very touched that you should have remembered it. Remember me to any of my old friends and my best personal wishes to you. I shall look forward to seeing you when I go to Canada in March." Maj. Gen. Leven c. Allen, Hq, 15th u.s. Army, sent the following message to General Clark from General Patton. "Your kind telegram received and read to General Patton. He and Mrs. Patton much appreciate your thoughtfulness." * * * * VIENNA--DECEI\IIBER 16, 1945-•General Clark remained at his villa during the day spending most of the morning walking with General Saltzman. Again in the afternoon he went for a long walk and in the evening had dinner with Colonel Martin and other guests . * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 17, 1945--General Clark walked to his office arriving at 0930. He conferred with General Tate who was followed by General Brann. After a short conference with General Tate, General Clark saw General Brann, General Sullivan and General F~ory and Colonel Rundell on the pressing economic proglems to be considered in the forthcoming Allied Council meeting. Shortly thereafter the General conferred with General Lewis, General Tate, Col. Knudsen and Colonel Eberhard on the food and fuel problem. At 1300 hours the General had lunch and immediately after conferred with General Brann and 1\/Ir. Erhardt. After seeing General Tate, General Clark left his headquarters and walked with General Brann and General Sullivan to his vill a where he spent the evening. He had a few members of his staff for dinner, Colonel D1 0rsa and Colonel Lazar among those invited, and later the General and his guests played poker. General Clark sent · the following message to the Chief of Staff, War Department (pass to Secretary of State). Reference No. P-8227: n1. Responsible Austrian officials state that Austrian Government has no present intention of protesting Soviet control of ex-German Oil Companies and Soviet refining program. (Ref War 87409). They point out that Soviet-Austrian relations in regard to oil became strained during SANAFTA (Soviet-Austrian State Oil Company) negotiations, and during the present unconfirmed status of the Austrian Government only increase of tension would result if Austrian authorities reopened discussions on oil. �tJ 2. Details of Soviet refinery program will be forwarded as soon as assembled. Soviet program aims at maximum gasoline production, of which product Austrian crude yields about 5 per cent. Former German refineries which Soviets regard as their property are .favored in allocating crude oil for treatment. 3. We are advised by the British that they have no present intention of protesting to the Soviets to obtain more Austrian oil for the benefit of Austria. They point out that such protest should originate with the Austrian Government when firmly constituted after which they might support it in the Control Council. They consider it tactically inadvisable for one member of the Council to originate this protest toward another member on behalf of Austria. The British further indicate that within their zone t~EL-Y control the production and determine the disposition of Austrian resources and this is similar to the control of oil being exercised by the Soviets in the Soviet zone. The British suggest that effective pooling of Austrian resources may not be achieved until the occupation zones are abolished. (The British view here reflected was obtained from E.A. Berthoud, Economic Advisor to General McCreary.) 11 4. We are planning action along the, lines of para 3 of your 87409. It may be desirable, however, that action be deferred until recognition of an Austrian Government is complete if this is not unduly delayed. Details of the oil situation here and of our proposed actions will be forwarded as soon as they are organized." 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECE1W3ER 18, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 and immediately conferred with General Tate. General Brann with Colonel Deutsch was called in to discuss the agenda for the Allied Council meeting and later Colonel Rundell was also cal led in on the conference. Mr. Erhardt talked with the General shortly after 1000 and at 1040 General Clark, Mr . Erhardt and General Brann left the Headquarters for the Allied Council meeting. The General returned to his headquarters at 1500 and held a press conference at 1515 which was attended by M. W. Fodor, Chicago Sun; Seymour Friedin, New York Herald Tribune; Lynn Heinzerling, Associated f'ress; John MacCormac, New York Times; Maurice Moran , Associated Press; Panos Morphopoulos, Newsweek; Harold Queen, United Press; After the press conference the General left his office for his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. * * * * �VIENNA- -DECEMBER 19, 1945- -General Clark arrived in his office at 0900 and immediately conferred with General Brann and General Tate, leaving his office for the opening of Parliament at 0950 . He attended the opening of the Austrian Parliament at 1000 along with the three Allied Commanders , returning to his office at 1200 where he promoted 12 officers and decorated one with the Bronze Star. He then conferred with Colonel Pesek who was followed by General Tate . At 1315 the General had lunch and after conferring with General Brann, left his headquarters at 1440 for the Hofburg Palace where the USFA art exhibit was to be held. The General presided at the opening of the exhibition which marked the returning of the art master pieces of Austria to the Austrian people . As representative of this , General Clark presented in a short speech the pieces of art to Mr. Figl, head of the new Austrian Government . Included among the guests were officers of the four Allied Powers and members of the Austrian government and Austrian circles . The General left the Palace at 1700 hours returning to his villa where he had dinner with General Tate . At 2100 hours General Clark left his villa for the Franz Joseph Bonhofe where he boarded his private train for Hinter stoder. The General will spend three or four days at his hunting lodge . Colonel Ostler and Colonel Martin accompanied the General on his trip. * * * * VIENNA--DECEJ.i.ffiER 20 1945--Tbe General and his party detrained for the lodge at 0900 hours, :.and lunched at 1500 ~t the lodge. Immediately following lunch., General Clark and Col. Martin went hunting but saw no deer during the entire afternoon. The following message was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference number P- 8565: The Council also approved: 1) a telegram to UNRRA asking for stated amounts emergency supplies during first two months 1946; 2) recrnnmendations of Legal Division on various laws of Renner government including those necessary to establish new governments; 3) directive to Reparations Division to develop general plan for handling United Nations property in Austria; 4) plan for supervising review of alleged election irregularities and prosecution of election law violations; 5) clarification of censorship civilian telecommunication and post (such services to open 27 December if technically possible); 6) prohibition of wearing German military uniforms after 15 January and instruction to Austrian government to pass necessary law to enforce; 7) Tone of meeting good and business transacted speedily.u 11 * * * * �VIENNA--DECEMBER 21, 1945--The General went out hunting at 0900 hours and returned in the late afternoon with a 10-point deer and a doe. * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 22, 1945--Lt. Clark arrived at the hunting lodge from Salzburg at 0930 hours. Shortly after his arrival, General Clark and Lt. Clark went hunting. The day proved unsuccessful owing to the fact that the snow had melted to a large extent and the dear had retreated to the tops of the mountains. General Clark sent the following to Mrs . George S. Patton, upon news that General Patton had passed away as a result of an automobile accident. "My deepest sympathies. The world has lost a great soldier. 11 -* * * * VIENNA-- DECEMBER 23, 1945--General Clark left his hunting lodge and boarded his train at Hinterstoder station at 1000 hours and arr ived in Vienna at 1730 hours . During the trip the General played bridge with Colonel Martin, Colonel Ostler and Lt . Traugott . General Clark was met by Captain Luther at the Franz Josef Station and was escorted to his villa where he had dinner with General Saltzman, Captain Luther, Lt . Traugott , Lt . Clark, Lt . Gruenther and Lt. Broughton. Lt. Clark and Lt. Broughton arrived Sunday morning to spend the holiday with Ge~eral Clark in Vienna. After dinner the General retired early. * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 24, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 and immediately talked with Colonel Pesek concerning the arrangements being made for his "At Homen on Christmas evening. At 11 o'clock General Clark saw Judge Rifkind, who just arrived from Frankfurt. Judge Rifkind is investigating the conditions of Jewish DP.a. At 1130 General Clark decorated and promoted 29 officers at a ceremony held in the Conference Room in the Bank Building. With General Brann and General Saltzman, General Clark visited the opening of the ISB Propaganda Exhibit at 1215 . Upon leaving the exhibition the General went to his vil l a where he had lunch with General Saltzman and Lt. Cl ark. The General rested a short time in the afternoon and at 1600 had 135 of the children who live in the vicinity of his villa into his house for a Christmas party. General Clark spent the rest of the evening at his house. * * * * �VIENNA--DECEivIBER 25, 1945--General Clark spent the morning at his villa with Lt. Clark. At 1600 in the afternoon General Clark entertained 300 members of his headquarters , Austrian Government, War Correspondents and friends at an Egg Nog Party at his vi ll&. The last guests left at 2000. At 2100 the General , with General Saltzman, Captain Luther, Lt. Clark, Lt. Traugott, Lt . Gruenther and Lt. Broughton had Christmas Dinner at his villa. He retired shortly thereafter . The following message was received from the Chief of Staff, War Department, Washington, D. C. Reference No. WAR 90032: "State Department advises that United States government approves recognition of new Austrian govt . It is suggested that you consult other representatives of Allied Council to seek simultaneous announcement of recognition. 11 The following is General Clark's Christmas message to the Austrian people: nThis year Christmas brings new joy and hope to the people of Austri_a as they observe the birth of the Christ Child . "Liberated from the yoke of Hitl erism, free once again to practice the religion of their choice, and regaining many of the bl essings they formerly enjoyed , Austrians will have a Christmas enriched over the previous war-torn years . The Allied Forces are helping Austria obtain these blessings, and shall continue to do so until the country is fully re-established as a free and independent nation. u·wn.ile much of the festive spirit of the holidays may be l acking this season as an after math of the war, you may find a great measure of comfort and joy in the lmowledge that the promise of peace and good will to all mankind has been fulfil l ed . "As Commanding General of the United States Troops in Austria, I wish you, on behalf of my forces, a blessed and Merry Christmas, as well as a Happy New Year. 11 CHRISTMAS MESSAGE TO UNITED STATES FORCES, AUSTRIA 0n this first peace-time Christmas Day in four long years, we can once again be thankful and merry. The victory is won; the peace restored throughout the world. No longer do our l oved ones hold that fear which they held for our safety while the battle r aged . Today they await our homecoming. 11 nThey realize, however, that we are presently in Austria to secure the peace to future generations , to the lasting benefit of our America and of all nations . They lmow, as we do, that we cannot leave our tasks here until we complete our individual contributions to the success of that high mission . �') Today as you and I recall the Christmas Days of of those which we shall again know in the years to come, measure of comfort and joy in the knowledge th~t we have this year that first Christmas promise of peace and good 11 noo. the past and dream we find a great helped fulfill will to all man- · "With humble gratitude for your continuing efforts here, and with full confidence in our determination to advance the cause of liberty and peace, I, as your commander, offer you my thanks and my sincere wishes for a happy holiday season. I trust that next Christmas will find many of us united once more with our families at home. . "A Merry Christmas to each and every one of you, and a Happy, Successful New Year." * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 26, 1945--General Clark remained at his villa until 1000 hours, at which time he walked to his headquarters. After seeing General Brann, and General Tate for short conferences, he spoke to Mr. Erhardt and after taking care of accumulated correspondence, he left his headquarters for his villa. Lt. Clark accompanied him. The General spent the remainder of the afternoon and evening at his villa. * * * * VIEN.NA--DECEMBER 27, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 1000 hours. He immediately saw General Tate, who was followed by General Sullivan. After a second conference with General Tate, the General left his headquarters for his villa, walking with Lt. Clark. In the eveni ng the General had guests in, to play poker. * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 28, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 0930 hours. Immediatel~ he conferred with General Tate and then had a long conference with General S'al tzman. After seeing General Tate a second time, he conferred with Mr. Gray. The General took care of al l accumulated business and left shortly after ward to have lunch at his villa. He spent the remainder of the day at his residence, taking a long walk in the afternoon. * * * �VIENNA-DECEi\IBER 29, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 1030 hours . At 1045 hours he conferred with Mr. Mosley of the British Government, Mr. Erhardt and Mr . Thompson of the American Embassy at London. At 1145 hours General Clark was interviewed by Joseph Israel and Seymour Friedin, war correspondents . General Haynes introduced his cousin, Colonel Benford, at 1212 hours and immediately afterward Mr . Erhardt and General T~te talked with General Clark. At 1300 hours General Clakk received a call from General Collins, Commander of the 42nd Divisioh, who announced the sad news that General Donald W. Brann, Deputy Commanding General, had fallen while on a hunting trip and had been killed. This was a sudden and sad blow to General Clark and the entire headquarters . The General immediately conferred with General Tate and General McMahon on the course to be followed and at 1400 left his headquarters for his villa. During the afternoon he talked with General Saltzman and General McMahon, also General Tate, on the plans for General Brann 1 s funeral . At 1700 General Saltzman and Captain Luther left Vienna to go to Salzburg to bring back General Brann•s body. General Clark remained at his villa the remainder of the night . General Clark sent the following message to General Eisenhower. Reference No . I ''Supplementary details accident are that hunting party consisted of Generals Brann and Burress with local guides and ass istant guides , all equipped for hunting in .Austrian Tyrolean mountains near Kitzbuhel. During morning 29 December they moved up precipitious mountain on good path to hunt chamois . General Brann with guide took highest position in hunting station. Below him and out of sight at another station was ~eneral Burress and guide . According to reports of guides with General Brann he fired from sitting position at chamois located to his front and below his location. He then rose to fire from standing position when he slipped and fell forward down the cliff s i de . Time accident estimated at 1130 hours . Location of fall not readily accessible to guides so rescue party with doctor was organized and reached his location some time later . Doctor promounced him dead and indications were that he died instantaneously from the fall . HFuneral will be at Vienna at 1000 hours, 31 December with interment at Castlefiorentino Military Cemetery in Italy on January 2, 1946 . 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 30, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He conferred with General Tate and General McMahon on the arrangements for receiving General B·rann' s body that evening, and for the arrangements to be made for the trip to Italy where General Brann will be buried. The General left his office at 1200 hours and spent the afternoon at his villa . At 1700 he went to the 110th Gen. Hospital, where he met the entourage which was bringing General Brann's body back to Vienna. He witnessed the placing of the casket in the chapel of the hospital and immediately thereafter returned to his villa . It was indeed a sad blow to General Clark, for he not only lost a fellow officer, but a sincere friend of long standing. * * * * �VIENNA--DECEMBER 31, 1945--General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He immediately saw General Tate, who brought him up-to-date on the final arr angements for the ceremonies for General Brann. At 0910 hours he saw General Collins, and Gen. Burress, who had been with General Brann when he was kil l ed. General Macon, Commander of the 83d Division and General Montahue, Artillery Commander, 83d Division., saw General Clark at 0915, along with Colonel Marvin, and Colonel Ladue, personal representatives of General Truscott. At 0940, General Zhe1tov, Soviet Deputy Commander came to General Clark to pay his and Marshal Koniev•s condolences. At 1000 hours General Cl ark went to the chapel in the Allianz Building where the funeral services for General Brann were to be held. General Clark, Wir. Erhardt, General Tate, General Saltzman, General Sullivan and General Lewis acted as honorary pall-bearers. After a very short and simple ceremony, Gener al Brann' s body was pl.aced upon a half-track at the head of the funeral procession which was escorted by members of the Military Police Battalion, while the honor guard of the 42d Division presented arms. The funeral procession pulled out at 1015 hours for the Meidling station, where the train departed for Italy at 1130 hours. General Clark's train bearing the body of Maj. Gen. Donald W. Brann left Vienna for F'lorence, Italy, at 1130 hours. Among the passengers were Brig . Generals Moran, Lewis, Sullivan and Saltzman; Colonels Lazar, Porter and Paxson_; Lt. Col. McGrory, Capt. Jordan and Lt. Traugott. The casket bearing the remains was placed in the officers lounge and was surrounded by wreaths which had been sent by the Al lied Commanders and the vari ous USFA Divisions and Sections. * * * FLOPENCE, ITALY--JANUARY 1, 1946-•.Arriving in Florence at 1700 hours the train was met by Lt. Col. Dresser. General Clark and some of the officers proceeded to the Excelsior. Hotel while the rest remained abroad for final arrangements for the burial. That night everyone ate dinner at the Excelsior Hotel with the exception of Gen. Clark and General Sal tzman who dined out with some friends. * FLOI-iENCE, ITALY--JJ.NUARY 2, 1946--At 1030 hours General Clark arrived at the cemetery near Castel Fiorentino, for the burial services of Maj. Gen. Brann. Among those present besides the General and his officers .we~e Lt. Gen. Sir John Harding and Brig. Gen. O:xx. The services began at the graveside with the sermon delivered by Chaplain (Col.) Brown, at the conclusion of which the American flag was taken from the casket and given to Lt. Col. McCrory, sonin-}aw, of Major Gen. Brann. The firing party consisting of eight men from the 202 MP Bn, fired three volleys, followed by the sounding of taps which concl uded the services. Before leaving the cemetefy- the General exchanged a few words with General Harding and General Chae who had arrived just after the services had begun, and visited the grave of Lt. Col. John T. Walker. After lunch the General went to the china factory to see the dishes �which are being made for theGeneral . Back in Florence l ater that afternoon the General took a walk and in the evening called on Mr. Berenson , . The Gener al had dinner with friends in Florence . * * * * FLORENCE, ITALY--J.ANUARY 3, 19/4h--At 2345 hours the General's train left Florence for Vienna and was en route during the day. The train arrived at Meidl ing Station at 0330 on January 4 . * * * * VIENNA-- JANUARY 4, 1946-- The passengers detrained at 0730 after breakfast on the train. General Clark went immediately to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day . He took care of accumuJ.ated correspondence during the morning and had lunch with Lt . Clark and General Tate . General Tate f'r apent the larger part of the afternoon conferring with General Clark an~ t:"f~ f later the General went for a walk. In the evening Mr. and Mrs . Denby--"W'ere! J)•l ' guests for dinner . Later in the evening General Clark learned that the ~l .tiussian authorities had recognized the new Austrian Government and that Marshal Koniev had sent written and verQal messages to Mr . Figl, Chancellor of Austria , upon this subject. This caused great concern to -General Clark and General Tate because of the previous agreement by the Four Powers to make a Four Power announcement of the recognition of the Austrian Government. Lt . Col . Kretzman, the General ' s interpreter, was sent to talk with Mr . Figl on this subject and both General Cherriere and General Packard were consulted by telephone . * * * * VIENN A--JANUARY 5, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours. He immediately conferred with General McMahon and then with General Tate upon subjects to be taken up at the Executive Committee meeting to be held later in the day . Col . McCaffrey was cal led in on the conference. Later General Clark conferred with Mr . Gray who is in charge of the Political Division in Mr . Erhardt 1 s absence . The General discussed the recognition of the new government with Mr. Gray and during the discussion Col . Kretzman came with a message from i1r . Figl concerning the recognition . Later Mr. Gray, Major Betz and Col . Pesek discussed the publicity angle and the sending of mes ages to the War. Department on the same subject . After conferring with General McMahon, General Clark saw Mr . Fodor and Mr. MacCormac, war correspondents. General Moran saw the General at 1240 concerning his departure for the States, and at 1300 hours General Clark saw General McMahon again. The General left his office at 1300 and spent the remainder of the day at his home . ( �General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference No. P-0271: "Reference my P-0234 and P-9244 have secured agreement t hat four occupying powers and Austrian Government will announce simultaneously recognition of new Austrian Government at 1200 hours Vienna time Monday January 7th. I will make announcement to United States press here accordingly and assume that release will be made at same time in United States." * * * * VIENNA--JAl.~UARY 6, 1946--GeneraJ Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and conferred with Lt. Col. De Wald on the annovncement of the returning of the crovm jewels to the Austrian people. This announcement will be made in the General's speech at the ceremony at the founding of the Austro-American Society at 1100. General Clark conferred with Lt. Col. Kretaman on the subject to be discussed in his speech and at 1055 dep~rted with General Tate and General McMahon for the Music Hall where the ceremony was to be held. The General was met by a commi ttee and escorted to the reception room where he met Dr. Kauders, President of the Austro•American Society. Dr. Kauders escorted the Generail to his box at which time the concert began. After the Mozart Symphony, Dr. Kauders gave a fifteen minute address and was followed by General Cl ark who gave a ten-minute speech. The reception of the speech by the Austrian audience was tremendous. The announcement of the return of the crown jewels to the Austrian people was accepted with tremendous ovatioD• Genera l Clark l eft the concert immediately after this speech, returning to his villa where he had lunch with General Tate and General McMahon. At 1730 General Cl ark went to a cocktail party given by Mr. and Mrs. Denby. Leaving the Denby 1 s the General returned to his residence, accompanaed by Gener al Saltzman and later had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Denby, Mr. Ware Adams, General Saltzman, Miss /ensen and Lt. Col. Kretzman. * * * * VIENNA--J.ANUARY 7, 1946--General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0945 after having walked from his villa. He immedi ately conferred with General McMahon, Chief of Staff, and later saw General Tate. At 1030 General Cl ark conferred with the committee which had been appointed to investigate the conditions surrounding the bringng of families overseas. The committee consisted of General Ladue, Colonel Martin, Col. Lazar, Col. DJOrsa and General McMahon sitting in on the conference. After t he conference General McMahon and General Tate remained and at 1100 hours General McMahon brought Col. Pesek into see General Clark concerning the arr angements for a party to be held on the 20th. At 11:15 General Clark conferred again with General Tate, and after taking care of al l accumulated correspondence, left with General Sullivan and General Saltzman with whom he had lunch. General Cl ark walked to his vill a where he stayed the rest of the day. In the evening General Cl.ark invited General McChrysta.l, meneral Lewis, General Saltzman, Colonel D'Orsa, and Colonel Lazar for dinner and poker. * * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, October 31, 1945 - January 7, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from October 31, 1945 - January 7, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1671 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/9226fa4991f6590ada518729e7ada38e.jpg?Expires=1790208000&Signature=CFqx5rhfS45b59tXSVpOFSQhsHsg7gf9WyPN76ExByanMzu0CVuoXpVfssd2yXKGYN6EfalHxm9SJ7qD-KzzgBqeOCtwkNeeFqAVpINCT9BGPUGX3HCG4prheNQrSI0WmdyiZgUSwN%7EkOhagsBVEwJOoBuXnCf5oydNiZ-XNZ%7EeutcfX3IzhPseMj0omSICJRzvi8fmrYmLNX2K3rSepf8GFEQ1cmeRUjvWF0EtUpH5o1LsmbXo5fGo62LUsqChGrwCeUvS4sC1vHNajQ0MnB6PeMLwji9ygQkYAogPP%7EvQRGRteXN6o0C3GheJiL0p8KCg%7EFI0C%7EW4%7EFdwnEABLbg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 50b16f6faf61bb2c12dbe57f72771c0c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Falkenbury, Stephen Douglas, Jr. Photograph Collection, 1944-1948 Subject The topic of the resource Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Stephen Douglas Falkenbury, Jr. was a member of The Citadel's Class of 1948. From Staten Island, New York, Falkenbury majored in Civil Engineering. During his senior year he played basketball, ran track, and was a member of the Summerall Guards. His junior year, Falkenbury won the the Star of the West drill competition. This collection was donated by his family to The Citadel Archives in 2022. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Falkenbury, Stephen D., Jr. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/60 Relation A related resource Stephen D. Falkenbury, Jr. Photograph Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parade, circa 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Charleston (S.C.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1939