2 10 14 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/cee579ffd8c76274ecd4c45773b84616.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=lxvNTRiSOSKN52xrElqS1uOSgwfCN9WblJzV6Oz3iltrwYrcHwYgudK1FI7aCNel9Lm4cJ3438a3Sn8XGjcPUHuOJgQk0RIKTj1IsPDu63pqvDy0zdCLGFmZh%7EbNxW3URAUio5gEgiPqBY9qrGtrJCiInShZPmnPxeg8%7EvwAAufPT4wOzAk%7E6xRMN1WI-t7BY97BN4OkDtw2bqY--O2NdC4YJRLqw1dpbC1XDWUYlPU5qJrXytBw3Xp%7E9IISCdhMCnxYKi3Ur4YBsomENpJV1FXT209td6hTvE4tUrpDa5xY3wwrXQdnHGjaR7lTrQG8Z0Ao7tc99Azufx%7EaQ7WrgQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 492963e3af70302fe7ceca5267048dde PDF Text Text EC J THE CITADEL. r.1 . ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM VIENNA--JANUARY 8, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 1010 after having walked fran his villa. At 1040 he conferrea with General Tate and General McMahon on the pressing current issues. Later General McMahon introduced General Clark to Monsignor Landi who is in Vienna in order to initiate steps to bring aid from Catholic organizations to the people of Vienna. Later General McMahon and Colonel Paxson talked with General Clark on the issues of bring families over and plans for the housing of the dependents. At 1130 General Clark presented General McChrystal, head of ISB, with the Distinguished Service Medal, and promoted Major Betz to Lt. Colonel, with Major Hotchkiss , Liaison, and Captain Morrison of the Signal Section. After dictating a letter to General Gruenther, General Clark discussed the Commissioner's report with General Flory . This is a report which is submitted monthly . After conferring again with General Tate a__nd then again with General McMahon, General Clark left for his villa where he had lunch. In the afternoon he took a long walk and that evening had Colonel Martin, Col. McCaffrey, Lt. Col . Kretzman to his home for dinner and bridge. * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 9, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0920 hours and immediately conferred with General Tate and then General McMahon. At 1035 Col. Rich, surgeon, conferred with General Clark concerning medical supplies which is to be one of the issues discussed on the agenda at the forthcoming All ied Council meeting. General McCreary called on General Clark at 1100 and conferred with the General until 1200 hours on the topics to be discussed tomorrow at the Allied Council meeting. Immediately following General Mccreery, General McMahon end Colonel Betz conferred with General Clark. J.At 1234 hours General Clark saw General Flory, General Saltzman and Col. Rundell. At 1245 Sgt. Hyatt of the headquarters I & E section was called in for a conversation with General Clark. Sgt. Hyatt ~as the composer and signer of the telegram sent to the various congressmen and other people in the United States concerning the slow-up in the redeployment program. The coµversation between the Sgt. and General Clark was quite free and an understanding was reached whereby Sgt. Hyatt was asked to become a member of the committee to investigate the cutting down to a minimum of the personnel in headquarters. By this means General Clark hopes to be able to release the maximum number of men. The General then saw Gener al Tate . At 1345 General Clark again conferred with General Tate and at 1430 General Clark went to the first f l oor of the Bank building where he presented the crown jewel s of Austria to Mr. Figl, Head of the Austrian Government. 1 The reception of the return of the crovm jewel s by the Austrian people was tremendous. At 1404 General Clark again saw General Tate and l ater Mr. Gray introduced Mr . Cochran to Gener al Cl ark. Mr. Cochran is the head of the foreign Service of the / State Department and is conducting �CHET an investigation tour in order to see conditions and work of the State Department . After again conferring shortly with General McMahon and General Tate, General Clark left his office for his villa . In the evening he played bridge with Col. McCaffrey, Colonel Martin and Lt . Col. Kretzman. * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 10, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 and immediately conferred with General Tate and General McMahon . Shortly thereafter Maj or Jaccard called on the General and at 0940 Mr . Gray, General Tate and General Flory conferred with the General and later Col. Betz was called in concerning certain articles which had been published on the redeployment situation. At 1015 Monsieur du Theil, Governor General of the Tyrol, talked with General Clark, and shortly thereafter General Clark left his headquarters for the Allied 6ouncil meeting. The General r eturned to his headquarters at 1520 and immediately held a press conference attended by Joseph Israels, INS; Fred Wackernagel , ISB; Lynn Heinzerling, Associated Press; Arthur Noyes , Stars and Stripes; and Colonel Betz . After seeing General Tate and General McMahon at 1625 , General Clark left his headquarters for his residence. General Clark received the following let ter from Dr . Renner , President of the Austrian Government: ( 11 The President 11 General , I have the honor to aclmowledge the receipt of your letter from January 4th in which you informed me that the government of the United States has authorized you to instruct me about the recognition of the present Austrian government on the basis of the elections from November 25th under the conditions that the Allied Council will still be the highest authority . 11 With :my sincere thanks for this ·information I beg you, General, to accept the assurance of my highest esteem. 11 Signed: * * * Renner" * �~EGRET 3 VIENNA--JANUARY 11 , 1946- -General Clark arrived at his office at 1015 and immediately saw General McMahon who introduced Rabbi Ralph Lookstein of the Jewish Welfare Committee , to General Cl ark . The General worked on accumulated correspondence and later saw Count and Countess Larisch . He then saw Colonel Nygard who had just returned from Ital y, for a short time and at 1215 conferred with General McMahon, General Tate, Colonel Luongo and Major Jaccard on th:eir views on the redeployment question . General Clark stated that he believed the situation to be well in hand in Vienna and Austria in general and desired to keep it that way. Later Col . Caum, Commander of the 242nd Inf . Regiment and Col . Paxon, G-3 were called in on the conference . .After seeing Mr . Gray at 1300 General Cl ark talked with General Tate and Gen . McMahon . The General left his headquarters at 1/4.50 to attend a decoration ceremony of the 250 Combat Engineers Battalion and decorated 31 officers and enlisted men for meritorious service in support of combat operations . He returned to his headquarters immediately thereafter and at 1615 left for the opening of the Information Service Bureau, Information Center at which time he delivered an address which was broadcast to the United States. The Information Center will be opened to the general public in order that they might develop a broader understanding of the American people their economic, political and social life . ( After the ceremony General Clark, wi th the rest of the guests, including members of' the Austrian government, went to the Bristol Hotel where a reception was hel d . After the reception the General accompanied by General McMahon, General Lewis , Mr . and Mrs . Denby, faj . and Mrs . Pleasants and General Saltzman went to the general ' s suite for cocktails . The party was joined by General Tate and then left for the General ' s villa where they had dinner. After dinner they returned to the Bristol Room to enjoy the floor show. At 1115 Gene r al Clark ' s party went to the Sr . Officers ' Club and from t here the General went to his villa. General Clark sent the fol l owing message to the Joint Chief of Staff with request for message to be pas sed to the State Department: Reference No . P-0685 : Today I tal ked with General Bethouart and he told me that at the present time he does not know of any plans of F'rench Government for supplying food for French Zone in Aus t ria, incl uding French districts in Vienna . This perturbs me very much as French were informed as far back as November that combined US/UK supply of French occupi ed Zone would cease end of January . General Bethouart further informed me that he was proceeding to Paris for a conference with his Government on this subject on 18 January. He eJCPressed the hope that the emergency UNRRA program requested by the Allied Council on 19 December would be forthcoming by the fi rs t of February. 11 �4 11 The Soviets are having gr eat di fficulty in supplying food for Vienna and even the food they provide is not in the various types of established in the agreed ration scale . British and US elements are meeting their agreed commitments . 11 If the French fail to meet their food commitments after 31 January a s erious situation will develop and I may be forced to feed American imported food in Vienna in the US Zone only which presents many complications . "Request that strong representations be made to French GoYernment to accept on 1 February their full commitment for feeding the approved ration scale in their Zone Austria , incl uding their districts in Vienna . 11 The followi g is a copy of the message sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff in regard to the Allied Council meeting held on January 10 , 1946 . Reference No . P- 0693 : 11 Allied Council held harmonious meeting Jan . 10 with following results : (1) Routine approval various laws incJuding plan for ap;:-roval laws adopted by Parliament before their promulgation. 11 11 (2) Resol ution was submitted to obtain agreement that until decisions are reached by the four Governments concerniLg interpretation and implementation of the general provisions of Potsdam protocol no attempts would be made to implement those provi sions by unilateral action . British, French and U. S . representatives agreed to resolution. Soviet member declined discussion of subject as he had received no instructions from his government to tr.e effect that Mr . Molotov and Mr . Byr nes had decided this to be a questi on for discussion by the Allied Counci l . Soviet member by this action to obtain consideration of U. s. views on Potsdam protocol as set f orth in State Department messages number 316 dated 29 November , which views were transmitted to other commanders on 4 January . (3) Rejected proposal to allow new political parties to be formed without approval of AC, instructing instead Political Divi sion to examine applications and report on them . 11 11 (4) Entrusted quadripartite Denazification Bm·eau under Internal Affairs Division task of effecting complete denazification Austrian state machinery and report on them. (5) Approved dispatch of commission under Chiefs of Military Divisions to various zones to investigate and report upon Austrian or Gennan military or para- military organizations, etc . In this connection Soviets presented last minute paper containir.. g fourteen specific instances of alleged military organi• zation in Austria , none in US Zone , the principal ones being fifteen thousand man Austrian brigade and thirty thousand man German corps, bot µ in British zones . Soviets made quite a point of thi s and it was agreed that above commission would 11 �SEGRE .5 I also investigate and report on these cases presented by So,riets . 11 (6 ) Approved plan for calling for Austrians to el iminate Fascist and anti-Allied literature in Aus t ria . 11 (?) Approved resolution providing for reestabl ishment telephone and telegraph communications between Austria and other countries except Japan, Manchuria , Korea and Formosa, with target date Jan. 15 . tt (8) Approved draft telegram to Director General UNRRA Washington re• garding two suggested programs for .Austria, one for seventy-five million and one for one hundred fifty million dollars, s pecifying seventy- five million program was inadequate and strongly uring UNRRA approve one hundred fifty million program . All elements agreed to accept objective specified by US Conf ress in passing last UNRRA Appropriation Act except Soviets who claimed no instructions received from Moscow on this point. I made strong statement on subject and Konev agreed to r equest instructions from his Government . 11 (9) .At close of meeting I pointed out need to obtain early Allied Council agreement on three most vit al questions affecting Austrian Economic recovery : ( a) Elimination of demarcation lines; (b) settlement on interpretation of Potsdam Agreement ; ·and (c) r eduction of occupation troops . I urged that all C- in- C1 s instruct their subordinates on Allied Commission to strive towards early settlement these questi ons . I shall push for consideration of these subjects during period Jan 15 to Feb 15 when I am Chai:iman of Council . 11 * * * * VI.E1'l11JA--,TANUARY 12, 1946--General Clark arrived at his offi ce at 1045 after having walked from his villa . He immediately conferred with General McMahon and Col . McLean concerning the Maulhauser concentration camp ., Lt . John Eisenhower reported for duty this morning and talked with the General for a short time . Lt . Eisenhower is to be on duty with the .Allied Secretariat. Af ter talking with Mr . Gray, General Clark saw General McMahon and Col onel Paxon on the R.apido crossing . This subject has been brought up in recent publi city in the States as to whether or not this maneuver was neces sary . After conferring with General Tate, General Clar k accompanied by Gener al Saltzman walked to hi s vill a where he spent the r emainder of the afternoon . * * * * VIENNA--J.ANUARY 13 , 1946-•General Clark remained at his villa during the morning and at 1300 hours , accompanied by General Saltzman had lunch with Mr . and Mrs . Denby of the State Department . He returned to his residence later in the afternoon and made plans to go t o the Ice Revue . However, becaus e of bad weather the General remained at his villa during the afternoon and evening. * * * * �T G ( \ VIENNA-- JANUARY 14 , 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 hours and had a long conference with General Tate , lasting until 0925 , after which he saw Mr . Gray . At 1005 @eheral Clark conferred with General McMahon and Gener al Tate . Later Col . Paxon conferred with General Clark on a cablegram to be sent to General Gruenther on the Rapido crossing . The cab:le is being prepared andCol . Paxon will make additions later . At 1130 General Clark bid goodbye to Lt . Col . Thayer who is l eaving for Korea by way of the States . At 1135 General Tate and Gen . McMahon talked to General Clark and at 1150 Mr . Gray introduced Dr . Penrose . Dr . Penrose is one of the Political Advisors to .Ambassador Winant in London. At 1220 General Clark.had a conference with General Tate, Mr. Gray and Col . Marget on the question of Austrian schillings . The Russian Element of the Allied Council are making plans which are contrary to the policies of the U. s., British and French elements , regarding the currency problems . General Clark is sending a letter to Marshal Konev on this subj ect, as are the other two governments . At 1225 Col . Kretzman was sent to check with Mr . Figl upon this issue . Colonel Pesek talked with the General at 1250 concerning the party which the Gene al is giving at the Bristol Hotel on January 12 . At 1315 General Clark left hi s office with General Saltzman and had lunch at his villa . He spent the afternoon and evening at his residence and had dinner with General McMahon. General Clark sent the following message to General Gruenther in regardto the recent article published on the Rapido crossing . Reference No . P-0902 : 11 I have had no reply from you to my radios numbers P-0364 and XV- 189 of January 7t h and 10th. I assume you are complying with my request as time does not permit of much further del~y . If War Department wi ll not refute this story, and I firmly feel that I have furnished you sufficient f actual data to answer this biased story , and if time does not permit you t o carry the ball f or me, please advise immediately for I will carry it from here . Tone of Aston article indicates -deliberately biased story designed to mis - represent mili tary actualities . I feel the War Department must go on record and if they will not , I will , to prevent the United States public from r eceiving inflammable, distorted , and factual l y incorrect information on this important battle . "I assume you have Volume four of 5th .Army history. Incidentally , what is Grogan doing . Howard should be able to devote some time with him on this subject . If War Department will do nothing, I request you, Howard ;md Grogan prepare an answer based on information I have furnished you and available in the History of the 5th Army , and send it to Lowell Thomas, Mark Watson of the Baltimore Sun; Doughlas Freeman in Richmond, and Hanson Baldwin of New York Times . Have Grogan go see these people if necessary with this information , with the request that should the January 21st article be published and arouse sufficient interest to warrant r eplies that these men who are interested in the big picture and factual accounts of this battle , tell the true, story . Have yo~ contacted .Amon Carter? SECRJ: �SECRET 7 "Following additional information submitted reference to each paragraph of Aston article . Refer para three of Aston article. Basic order of course originated as operation Instruction 32, Headquarters 15 Army Group 12 January 1944. See pages 193 to 198 inclusive , Fifth Army history Part four . In event you do hot have book following are extracts of pertinent portion(:) first quote par four Fifth Army will make as strong a thrust as possible toward Cassino and Frosinone shortly prior to the assault landing to draw in enemy reserves which might be employed against the landing forces and then to create a breach in his front through which every opportunity will be taken to link up rapidly with the seaborne operation unquote . Second quote para two Fi fth Army have now started on a series of operations on their present front designed to break through the enemy ' s main defensive positions in the area south of Cassino, and to draw in his reserves. These operations will culminate with an attack by two Corps across the Rapido river on or about 20 January unquote . 11 Refer his para six. For Details of flank support as ordered by Clark see page 25 Five Anny History Part Four and Ope r ation Instruction 13, Headq~arters, Fifth Army 10 January 19/44 page 205 and 206 Five Army History Part four . Furthermore report of French Expeditionary Corps participation in Cassino battle lists among other corps objectives the missions of "to seize the high ground north and northwest of Cassino and t o protect the right f l ank of Fifth Army11 consider most important now to stress that Fifth Jrrmy Operations Instructions provided normal flanking attack in support of main Two Corps effort in center. In contr ast to May 1944 offensive wherein success was achieved by a major thrust on left flank, when weather permi tted operations over formidable obstacles, the January main effort was canal ized by weather and terr ain conditions which dictated that attack be launched in center of Five Army Front, the only place where armor could be used . 11 ( "Refer his para eight . Terrain and road net north of Cassino permitted in January only a local attack as eventuall y made and was iµsuf f icient at this location to support a main Corps attack'.. Suggest you check pages 49 to 55 inclusive of Five Ju-my History Part Four which describes obstacles i n way of 34 Division crossing of Rapido north of Cassino . Thi s could be classified as only a local attack on te~rain prohibited use of armor and no breakthrough could have been obtained . "Refer his para nine . Walkers admission that attacks on left and r i ght flanks were ordered refutes implication in his para six that "attacks were misupported on either f l ank11 • "Refer his para ten. Note that Two Corps attack was only a part of an integrated plan scheduled on a timetable of staggered attacks, the most important of which being Anzio. "Refer his para thirteen. Paxson, Engineer Executive, Five Army at time of attack states roads were built and rocked to vicinity near river banks by 36 Division Engineers and Two Corps Nineteenth Engineer Regiment . Suggest Colonel Gal l agher· now believed Engineer instructor Fort Belvoir and formerly Two Corps engineer be contacted for further engL.eer details. �SEC .ET ( ) "Refer his paras fourteen and fifteen . Such losses are normal for an attack against a heavily defended river line; if ,the Gennans had not been fully engaged with the Rapido battle then .Allied losses Would have been much greater on the beaches at .Anzio . Fifth J.rmy in January 1944 contributed to strategy of combined Chiefs of Staff by holding in Italy many enemy divisions which could well have been employed on Russian front or planned Second Front in northern France . Serious losses in German per s onnel and equipment aided Allies materia ly in war of attrition . 11 "I still do not want to enter this controversy and feel you have sufficient data to refute it the re • 11 * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 15 , 1946--General Clark r emained at his villa during the day . In the morning he consulted with Colonel Paxson in the preparation of a cablegram to go to General Gruenther concerning the Rapido crossing . He worked with Col. Paxson until lunch time and after lunch rested for a short time . After taking a walk he left for General Saltzman 1 s villa where he had dinner and spent the evening. C Genev.al Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff , Reference No . P- 0934 : "Because the Soviets have not contributed their full share of food the ration scale in Vienna has not exceeded 1375 calories for normal consumers during the past three weeks . For the same reason the ration scale for this week will be d·:mn to 1108 calories • I have had repeated assurance from Marshal Konev that the Soviet element would make and continue to make its full contribution of food to Vienna . I have thi s date sent a strong letter to Konev inviting his attention to the current situation and informing him that unless all powers co~tribute their full share of food I propose to feed our food to persons residing in the American Zone plus one- fourth of those living in the Interna tional Zone , District I. The people i n my zone are now receiving less calories than they are entitled to get even though we are contributing food on the agreed 1550 ration scale . This affects seriously the prestige of the United States , as the public obviously feel that the United States is not living up to its ' promise in this regard. "Unless Soviets take immediate steps to provide their share of food I pr ~pose to implement zone feeding about 9 February. I propose to make appropriate explanation of this changed system to the press ." * * * E * �SECRET VIENNA-- J.ANUARY 16, 1946--Gen9ral Clark arrived at his office at 0950 . He immediately conferred with General McMahon andColonel LLoyd concerning the shooting of two Russian officers on the "Mozart . " These two officers attempted with several other Russians to board the Mozart and after having been removed from the train boarded the train a second time, three or four cars from the first location. Vlhen the American guard attempted to remove them a second time the Russians pulled their guns and the .American guards were forced to shoot in order to protect themselves . An investigation is being conducted by Colonel Lloyd . After conversing with General Tate , General Clark had a decoration ceremony for two enlisted men at which time he presented both of them with the Bronze Star medal . The first for meritorious service while in combat operations and the second for heroism. After the ceremony General Clark talked with Mr . Gray and later saw Colonel McLean, Judge Advocate, concerning a court martial case . At llL►0 General Tate and Colonel Sloane saw t he General and later General Clark discussed the Displaced Persons situation with Colonel Stephens . After a short conference with General Tate and later with General McMahon, General Clark walked to his villa with General Saltzman where he remained the rest of the day . In the evening .W.r . and Mrs . Denby, Col . Mccaffrey, Colonel Martin and General Saltzman were invited for dinner and later Col . Langan joined the party for bridge . { * * * * VIENNA--J.ANUARY 17, 1946- -General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0945 and irnmedia tely talked with General Tate . General , 1cMahon was called in to see the General, and later General 1\ilcMahon and Colonel Lloyd discussed the progress of the investigation which is being conducted on the shooting of the Russian officers who attempted to board the 11 Mozart11 • General Cl ark then saw Mr . Gray at 1100 and at 1125 saw Colonel Betz concerning a publicity article which has been published. After seeing General Tate for a short time, t he General had. lunch· and 'af,ter taking care of accumulated correspondence walked to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day . In the evening he went to &neral Saltzman 1 s villa for dinner . The following cable was sent to General Gruenther from General Cl ark; "Your two radiograms received and appreciated . Be sure to inform me result of Thursday morning meeting with Chief of Staff . Presume you are able to get air mail letter to Amon Carter if necessary. Presume Walker is thoroughly indoctrinated with entire story and necessity for attack. Can he be persuaded to wholeheartedly tell the whole story if necessary at the convention . Explain the absolute necessity tor all out attacks by every element on southern flank in order to give Anzio landing a run for its money . SECR T �~ECRET lO Delay in answering question of Fodor due to his absence from Vienna . I will assume responsibility and have asked Hil dring that young Fodor be sent immediately . 11 "Give me your estimates as to Drew Pearson ' s statement on investigation . I am sure this can be clarified by proper explanation . Hold Grogan longer if necessary . 11 * ( * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 18, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0920 and immediat ely conferred with Mr . Gray on the new appointment of Mr . Erhardt as Minister of Austria . At 1006 General Clark conferred with General Tate and at 1000 saw Mr . Fodor and Mr • .MacCormac, war correspondents . General Clark desired to talk with the correspondence on their ideas of the Scripps Howard account of an article concerning the Rapido crossing . At 1100 General Clark met Col . Vodopivec , Head of the Yugoslav Military Mission . in Austria . The General will present the Colonel to the other members of the Allied Council at the Monday meeting . Later General Clark talked for a short while with Lt. Col . Kretzman conyerning a suitabl e house for Mr . Figl, and at 1215 conferred for a l ong time with General Tate . Later General McMahon , Col . Pesek, General Tate and Mr . Gray were called in for a discussion of the plans for the party to be held on the night of the 21st • .After thi s the General left his office for the villa where he spent the remainder of the day. ' In the afternoon he rested for a short while and at 1800 saw Colonel Porter for a short time while he bid him goodbye . Colonel Porter is leaving for the States after being with the General for three years . In the evening General Clark had gues ts fc~ dinner and poker. The following cable was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff from General Clark, Reference P- 1208 : "Receipt of your WAR 93037 Cite CAD acknowl edged . Fully cognizant of directive reference termination combine suppl y to French as outlined in WARX 28652 . My message P- 0685 makes no reference to loan of f oodstuff s for feeding French Zone Austria. Therefor e reference to this in your message WAR 93037 not understood . "Complications referred to in third paragraph my message P- 0685 pertains to difficulties in distributing food in a sector of a city as i arge as Vienna through a centralized Aust rian food administration and the political :implications of feeding American food only in the .Ame:rican zone. " In view of difficulties being experienced by Soviets in supplying food in their zone of Vienna and in Lower Austria and fact that French are unable to give as surance that they will be in position to assume responsibility for feeding their district in Vienna and the French zone Austria, it is urged that UNRRA make every effort iD provide food arrival s in .Austria earliest �EGRET ll possible date . This is most critical period of year . Amy lowering of food s cale during winter months wil l increase sick and death rates, parti cularly in view of shortage of fuel for space heating. " * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 19, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 and immediately conferred with General McMahon who was followed by General Tate . At 1045 he saw Countess Larisch who discussed a few personal problems with the General and at 1100 General Clark received the two millionth doughnut which has been made by the .American Red Cross in Vienna . The presentation was made by Mrs . Wayne , Supervisor of the clubs in Vienna; Mr. Evans , Director of the Red Cross; and Miss St one , head of the officer s ' clubs . General Clark again conferred with General McMahon and General Tate upon the Rapido crossing question which i s receiving much publicity . At 1120 General Clark talked with Gene~al Schuyler, Commanding General of the Allied Control Commission, in Rumania . General Schuyler is en route to Washington . After talking with General Tate for a short time the General left his office , accompanied by General Sullivan and walked to his villa where he had lunch . After resting in the afternoon he had dinner wit h General Howard , Col . Lazar, Lt . Col . Kretzman and later played bridge . General Howard has just arri ved f rom the States , and brought the first messages from Mrs . Clark which the General had received in five weeks . * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 20 , 1946--General Clark remained in his villa during the entire day . He discussed the Rapido crossing incident with Col . Paxson in the late morning and had lunch wi th General Tate who discussed several current issued with the General . General Clark has been receiving much publicity in connection with the Rapido incident and a cable was prepared to be sent to General Gruenther on the subject . General Clark spent the evening at his villa and retired early . * * * * VIENNA--JP..NUARY 21, 1946-- General Clark arrived at 0845 and immediately conferred with Lt . Col . Betz concerning the request which was submitted by the United Press for a comment on the Rapido crossing . The veterans of the 36th Division at a reunion made a resolution criticizing General Clark for his ordering the river crossing. The resolution also called for a Congressional investigation o General Clark had no comment to make and wired United Press to that effect o �.At 0914 General Clark saw General Howard, General Tate, General McMahon and Colonel Paxson with whom he discussed the details concerning this incident . General HoVTard and Colonel Paxson worked for the rest of the morning preparing battle casualty figures to be submitted to General Gruenther in order that he might use them to combat the charges being made against General Clark. At 1015 Mr . Fodor and Mr . MacCormac talked to Gener al Clark concerning their ideas on the best policy to be followed . Colonel Pa.."reon worked with General Howard for the remainder of the morning preparing data for General Clark and later had lunch with him . After lunch Gen~ral Clark worked on all accumulated correspondence and later in the afternoon saw Sgt . Ken Pfeifer, memQer of the Commanding General ' s Section, who is leaving for the states by the way of Italy . The General left his office at 1500 for his villa where he spent the remainder of the evening . General Clark sent the following cabl e to General Gruenther regarding the Rapido case: ( "Have received your three messages. Am doing my best to prepare casualty figures for \{a tson. As I recall Birkhead was the former Commander of the 36th Division who was relieved by McNair during the Louisiana maneuvers . This action being wholeheartedly concurred in by me . If so, may give an insight into him as the ringleader . Fodor and MacCormac, who know this story and want to help, suggest playing up the angle of the dismissed Commander . Please verify immediately his being Commanding General 36th Division and release by McNair . Advice urgently o" The following is a copy of the story which Frank .Aston submitted to Scripps - Howard and contains so many unjustified criticisms of the F.apido crossing: Ft . Worth, Texas , Jan. 21 --Evidence on the Rapido River operation in Italy of January 1944, places responsibility for that disastrous maneuver on the high command of the Fifth Army, it was disclosed today . 11 11 The losses were 136 officers and men killed; 932 wounded; and 908 missing. The 36th Division, commanded by Maj . Gen . Fred L. Walker was ordered to cross the river in the face of murderous fire . 'I'he order came from the Fifth .Army high command . In command were Lieut. Gen. Mark Clark, with .Maj . Gen . Godfrey Keyes as corps commander . 11 "Gen. Walker protested the orders unsuccessfully. The operation was attempted first on the night of Jan . 19-20, again at daylight Jan . 20 . A third order to try was rescinded. 11 E �SEGRE 11 'l'he attacks were unsupported on either flank against a well-entrenched well-equipped enemy . The deep, swift Rapido could be reached only by crossing mud flats heavily mined and covered by German machine gun and mortar fire. I do not know of a single incident in history,"' Gen . Walker commented, where a defensive position protected by an unfordable river as an obstacle was every captured by the direct frontal at tack, such as the one attempted by the 36th Division at the Rapido . 1 11 111 11 1 "Staff officers report that Gen . Walker suggested the attempt to cross the Rapido be made north of the village of Cassino, where the river was fordable and where a crossing later was made successfully by the 34th Division . Gen . Walker later said that the plan was for the British to -ake heights on the left of the German position and the French the heights on the right . Neither the British no~ the French succeeded . 11 " ' Then we were ordered to cross the Rapido anyway, 111 Gen . Walker said . "Survivors tell of scenes of horror. For instance , there were 80 bodies of their comrades stacked on the northern bank of the river and never reached by Allied forces until the following May ~ 11 In killed, wounded and missing, the 141st lost 49 officers and 958 men. One battalion lost all its company commanders . "Survivors said the Rapido at the place to 18 feet deep, swift and treacherous . The on both sides and the only approach was down roads could not be built under the withering of attack was 30 feet wide, 12 said steep, six-foot banks rose flat stretches of mud over which German fire . ''The entire area across the river had been heavily mined . Barbed wire was thick and deep . Covering mort ars and machine guns were supported by light and heavy artillery. "Patrols went out to bring in the wounded and never returned . iven in assault boats were mowed dovm. Hundreds were killed or wounded in the desperate crossing i tself . - 11 some got across . those who could . But they were pinned dovm by fire . '.l"hey had to return-- 11 0ne surviving officer said: "I believe it is high time that responsibility for such ruthless sacrifice of human life be placed directly where it belongs -- on the blunders of those who order such unsound attacks even after information from group troop commanders in pms ition to know better than anyone indicates and points out their futility . " �SECRET /4 "Most men in the 36th were Texans . Gen . Walker's home is Columbus, O. After the capture of Rome he was transferred to Ft . Benning, Ga . He nov1 is director of military training, k'my Service Forces, \lashington. He is not a West Pointer." * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 22 , 1946--Ganeral Clark arrived at his office at 0900 and immediately saw General Tate and General McMahon on the developments of the Rapido River cvnssing incident . The i\/Iilitary ld'fairs committee does not seem to be taking the 36th Division's resolution very seriously . Later General Tate discussed the agenchfor the .Allied Council meetine and at 1020 General Clark with General Tate and Mr. Gray left the office for the Allied Council Meeting. General Clark assumes the Chairmanship of the Council today . General Clark returned from the meeting at 1445 and held a press conference at 1500 attended by M. ~ . Fodor, Chicago Sun; Lynn Heinzerling, Associated Press; John .MacCormac, New York Times; Sgt . A. A. Noyes , Stars and Stripes; Albion H. Ross, New York Times ; Frederick Yeiser, Information Service Bureau, Lt . Col. Frederick J . Betz, PRS, and Lt. Frank B. McKnight.of PRS . General Clark discussed the developments of the meeting. He left his office shortly before 1600 and rested at his villa until 1800 . ( General Clark arrived at the Hotel Bristol at 1815 at which time he acted as host to approximately 400 guests at his party held in honor of his assuming Chairmanship of the Allied Council . The party was held in the main dining room , Oval Room and Bristol Room of the Bristol Hotel . The party was a huge success, and the General remained at the party until late in the evening . * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 23, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 . He immediately saw Mr . Gray and at 1000 had a conference with General Bethouart on the subject of the French food situation. At 1040 General Clark saw General Macon, Commanding General of the 83rd Division, who was in Vienna for the Genev•al I s reception the night before . Shortly thereafter, General Collins saw General Clark and at 1105 General Clark decorated 26 officers and enlisted men . Among those was Colonel D' Orsa who was awarded the Oak Leaf Cluster to the Legion of fi.ierit . After conferring with GeLeral Ladue at 1135 on the problem of' bringing over families, General Clark saw General Haynes and General Mc1,Iahon . t 1230 after conferr i ng with General McMahon and General Tate , General Clark left his headquarters for ·his villa with General Saltzman and in the afternoon the General rested . In the evening he had guests for dinner and pokero The following cable was sent to General Gruenther ; All your messages received . Certainly appreciate the magnificent manner in which you have handled this case . Please thanks Grogan, Wood and Porter . Also tell Jackson, Lyle, and others cf my deep appreciation for their going to bat on my behalf . I will write letters to all c U. s. Element after Allied Council meeting yesterda entertained all other Elements, including new Austrian Government. All wanted to be remembered to you., Affair was quite a success . n 11 �ET 15 General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Reference No. P-1472: 11 Allied Council met 22 January with following results: 11 (1) Approved resolution on treatment Austria as economic entity which has for ob'ective encouragement free exchange and movement of available surplus goods and service between various zones. Resolution authorizes Austrian Governr1ent to utilize such available surplus goods and services for movement within Austria or for export transactions. Determination of what constitutes zonal surplus remains with commander of zone . 11 (2) Approved resolution providing that Commanders-in-Chief call attention of their respective Governments to advantages to be derived if such governments would authorize representatives in Vienna to seek solution of question of rapid resumption navigation on Danube and to make proposals towards finding provisional modus vivendi o 11 ( (3) , I Approved eight laws and decrees of Austrian Government . (4) Soviets continued to refuse to agree to objectives specified by US Congress in last UNRRA Appropriation Act. Konev said Soviet Government had not recelved notification of such stipulated objectives and I replied Soviet Embassy informed in Washington January 10. I made emphatic statement on subject clearly warning Konev that Soviet attitude might result in his zone not receiving any UNRRA supplies and that in any event it would certainly delay UNRRA aid to Au~tria . For STATE DEPT; Please put pressure on Moscow to instruct Konev to change his position o (5) On matter of food situation in Vienna I openly charged Soviets with def ault on meeting their commitments and said if situation not corrected I might be forced to use US food for US zone only , Konev in reply contended that Soviets had put more food into Vienna than all other powers combined but his figuxes covered period from April 24, 1945 and therefore not pertinent to existing situation. Konev promised to continue Soviet food supply for Vienna with indication he 1ntended to meet commitments (in fact Sovi ets did somewhat better last week . ) 11 1~6) I brought up medical supply situation in Viem1a, showing US had delivered 161 tons, British 47, Soviets 10 and French none. I stated that because of acute shortage of medical supplies British and US elements had agreed to contribute an additional 42 tons each from reserves on hand for use throughout city, and Konev and Bethouart expressed satisfaction. n(7) i also called attention to failure of Soviet andFrench elements to meet commitments on fuel and transportation for Vienna and urged that respective commanders make every effort to meet commitments o 1 �"($) Bethouart read long statement on recent Hapsburg incident in Tyrol gist of which was that this was ..Austrian matter, F'rench were not supporting Hapsburgs and would give 100'% cooperation to Austrian authorities in carrying out laws on this question . Mccreery said we should help Austrians to keep Hapsbuxgs from entering Austria and Konev added that it was necessary to remove these ueople from Austria immediately and see that Austrian laws were enforcedo I agreed with position taken by Konev and Mccreery and it was decided to put the Council on record in press communique as standing behind .Austrian government in enforcement of Austrian la?~ excluding undesirable political elements. 11 (9) Mccreery called attention to serious situation created by unannounced arrival within past week of three trains in Vienna with 4100 Yugoslav Volksdeutsche, reportedly containing 5 adult and 3 children dead . He said when these trains attempted to cross into British Zone they were turned back. Later they were routed to Vienna via Hungary and Lower ..Austria . This he said was directly contrary to Allied Council resolution Nov. 10, 1945. Konev stated that in the future he would allow no more to come into his zone without previous arrangements and clearances with AC. It was agreed that I should call in head of Yugoslav military mission and ask him to have his Government put a stop to these unauthorized movements . This has been done. 11 * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 24, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 and immediately saw General Tate for a short time and later talked with Col. Paxson · concerning the Rapido River crossing . Col. Paxson has been compiling more data for use by the General. Col . Lloyd saw General Clark at 1030 concerning t he court martial case of T/Sgt . Dixon who was an .American guard on the train (Mozart) when the Russian officer was killed . Later General McIJahon and Col . McLean talked with the Gene;i;-al concerning the court to be appointed in this case • .At 11:30 Dr . Kleinwachter was introduced to the General.by Mr . Gray . Dr. Kleinwachter is the newly appointed .:Austrian representative to the United States and will leave for the States shortly • .After having lunch in his mess, General Clark again conferred with General Tate, and later with General McMahon . General Clark is preparing to start bringing families over about May l, 1946, and has so advised the War Department. After taking care of all accumulated correspondence, General Clark left the office and returned to his villa. After taking a long walk in the afternoon,• the General saw General Howard at his villa concerning a very important G-2 case which had been released during the day. It had been discovered tha·t Russ ian members of the Repatriation Committee now working in Salzburg had been involved in political .activities and criminal acts and are to be turned over to Russian authorities in Linz tomorrow. �At 1815 hours General Clark left his villa for the Bristol hotel where he attended a cocktail party and dinner given by Col . Laz:ar and the Special Services section . General Clark neturned to his villa at 1100 . The followin c- cable was sent by Gen.e ral Clark to the Joint Chief of Staff regarding the Soviet Repatriation Mission in Salzburg: 11 I desire to report to you incident in U. s . Zone involving members of a Soviet repatriation mission . On evening 23 January three officers and one enlisted man of the Soviet mission stationed at Salzburg were caught by the CIC in the act of forcibly attempting to kidnap an Austrian citizen living in Salzburg. One officer was dressed in the complete uniform of the United States Military Police with helmet liner bearing markings of the 250th United States Military Police Battalion, which unit is stationed in Salzburg. Second officer wore a civilian overcoat over his Red Army uniform and a civilian hat . '.l.'hird officer wore a civilian overcoat over his Red Army uniform . All were armed . Officers were threatening the Austrian citizens with pistols when arrested • .All were arrested and coRfined • .Acts of this group constitute flagrant violation of authority of Soviet Repa:briation Group and mutual understanding between me and Konev. "I reported above incident to Marshal Konev by dispatching my Deputy Commander to Konev ' s Chief of Staff on evening 24 January and requested Konev to take custody of the group at Linz at 1400 B hours today where they were delivered under United States escort. I also asked that the remainder of the mission of ·which these four were a part be withdrawn from the U. s. Zone immediately as there is evidence that all members of this mission have been involved in intelligence activities since they have been i n our zone . Today I dispatched a letter to Konev confirming the report and reiterating my requests made by my Deputy Commander to Konev 1 s Chief of Staff last night . "Another Soviet repatriation Jilission to relieve one referred to above is working in U. s . zone for JO days as per agreement between Konev and me . I will see that this one is removed as soon as repatriation work is completed, which I will try to have .accomplished by end of thirty days . 11 General Clark sent the following report in connection with the activities of the Soviet Repatriation Committee, to Marshal Konev : "Subject: 11 To Report of Arrest of Russian Officers and Enlisted ~en. Commander in Chief of the Soviet Forces of Occupation in Austria, .Marshal of the Soviet Union IVAN S. KONEN. lo The new Soviet Repatriation Committee in Salzburg consisting of' three Lieutenant Colonels , seven Ma,iors and two enlisted men were officially permitted on 4 January 1946, to proceed with the screening of Soviet civilians �in the Land Salzburg for repatriation purposes . It was understood that the old committee in Salzburg headed by Maj or Rumianzew would depart from that station after having turned over their duties to the new committee. This old committee has not yet left , after 20 days. Although the new committee arrived in Salzburg in the early days of January i t did not begin active screening operations until four - or five days ago~ about 20 January 1946 . "2o At 2100 hours at the house situated at No. 24 Nussbaumer Strasse, Salzburg, the following members of the old Repatriation Committee were arrested by United States Military Authorities: a. b. c. d. Major Yankowski Captain Zeleniev Lieutenant Kretov Private Ziablykh '1'his group of Soviet Army personnel was caught in the act of forcibly attempting to kidnap an Austrian citizen living at the above- mentioned house. Major Yankowski was dressed in the complete uniform of the United States Military Police with the helmet liner of the 250th United States Military Police Battalion. Captain Zeleniev wore a civilian overcoat over his Red Army uniform and a civilian hat . Lieutenant Kretov wore a civilian overcoat over his Red Army uniform and a Red Army cap without insignia . It is obvious that they were attempting to hide their identity. The above named members of the committee were threatening the Austrian citizen with pistols . These acts definitely are a flagrant violation of the authority of the Repatriation Committee and mutual understanding between the Allied Powers, constituting the following offenses: 11 ( a. Forcibly entering a private dwelling during the night. b. Being in the possession of firearms and using same for the execution of a crime . c. Attempting to kidnap an Austrian subject in United States Zone, Austria, with the aid of pistols. · d. Illegal possession and use of a United States Military uniform in the execution of a crime e. Wearing of civilian clothes to disguise their real identityo 11 3. In view of the above incident the above named personnel can no longer be tolerated in the llmerican Zone and will be delivered by the 42d Infantry Division to Russ ian representatives at Urfahr Bridge, at Linz, at 1600 hours , 25 January 1946 in accordance with arrangements made on 24 January 1946 personally between General Tate and General Kleshnin. It is requested that you have accredited representatives meet the escorted Red Army personnel at the appointed place and houro l �4 . There i s evidence that other members of the old Repatriation Committee have been involved in intelligence aptivities, including kidnapping Soviet citizens ~ith the aid of members of the committee dFessed in United States Military police uniforms . Therefore , the presence of the remainder of the old Repatriation Co□mittee can no longer be tolerated in the American Zone and it is requested that you withdraw them immediately . 11 5. Inasmuch as it s apparent from the actions of Soviet Vission personnel in the U. S . Zone that they are engaged in activities other than repatriation, and have violated the privileges accorded them by the United States authorities, it is requested that the new Soviet Mission which arrived at Salzburg on 4 Januar~r 1946, be instructed by you to complete its repatriation work bv the expiration of the 30 day period agreed upon, 3 FebruariJ 1946, and withdraw from the United States Zone at that time . In my opinion the M:is sion can complete its work by that date . 11 S/ MARK H. CLARK ·General , U. S •. A. Commanding General Clark sent the following cable to General Gruenther in regard to the recent Ranido situation : "Your 7962 receiv~d . Is McNeil story designed to be favorable or unfavore.ble . Classification of ' 5th Army histories is up to \Jar Department . Reason for confidential classification is because histories contain certain information with regards to ceception plans, a subject which G- 2 feels should not be revealed. I suggest you talk to McrJeil , showing him pertinent references in Chapter r:v , particul~rly emphasizing 15th Army Group Operations Instructions Nos . 32 and 34, also 5th Army Operations Instructions No. 13 which emphasizes the all- out attack by every element of th 5th Anny . It is true the 36th attack failed from a Divisional point of view, but was a great contributine factor to the success of 5th .Army operations as a whole, by per mitting 5th Army 1 s main .Anzio attack to succeed . Emphasize Anzio being the jumping off place for suc cessful Rome thrust , and continuous threat to Division ' s flank and rear . 'I'here are certain passages in Volume r:v which, if read alone , would give the impression that Rapido 36th Division attack served no useful purpose . Thi s is entirely incorrect . The over- all situation in the entire 5th Army ~us t be understood at that time and continuously kept in mind in handling Rapido story . Scrj_pps Hovard having been the instigators in this story , I assume McNeil is continuing to tackle it from a point of view disadvantaeeous to me . If that is the case , I would sug~est that ,lark Wa tson turn something loose . However , you know the situation best and nothing I can do from here . Will be glad to see Grogan ." 11 * * * * �VIENNA- -JANUARY 25, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 1000 and at 1015 saw General Tate and Mr . Gray . Later he conferred with General Howard about activities of the Repatriation Committee which had been discovered performing criminal acts in Salzburg . General Clark saw General Hume at 1130 at which time General Hume discussed a personal matter After seeing General Tate and General McMahon , General Clark lef t his headquarters accompanied by General Saltzman and had lunch at his villa with General Saltzman . He took a walk in the afternoon and after res ting ha.d dinner at his villa . General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chief of Staff regarding the Soviet rep~triation mission . Reference No . P- 1666 : 11 I desire to report to you incident in u. S . Zone involv:_ng member of a Soviet repatriation mission . On evening 23 January three officers and one enlisted man of the Soviet mission stationed at Salzburg were caught by the CIC in the act of forcibly attempting to kidnap an Austrian citizen living in Salzburg . One officer was dressedin the complete uniform of the United States ~ilitary Police with helmet liner bearing markings of the 250th United States Military Police Battalion, which unit is stationed in Salzburg. Second officer wore a civilian overcoat over his Red A:rmy uniform and a civilian hat . Third officer wore a civilian overcoat over his Red Army uniform and a Red Army cap without insignia . The enlisted man was driver of car and wore Red Arrrry' uniform . All wer e armed . Officers were threatening the Austrian citizen with pistols when arrested . All were arrested and confined . Acts of this group constitute flagrant violation of authority of Soviet Repatriation Group and mutual understanding between me and Konev . "I reported above incident to Marshal Konev by dispatching my Deputy Comm.a nder to Konev ' s Chi ef of Staff on evening 24 January and requested Konev to take custody of the group at Linz at 1400B hours today where they delivered under United St~t es escort . I also asked that the remainder of the mission of which these four were a part be withdra\m from the U. S . Zone immediately as there is evidence that all members of this mission have been involved in intelli gence activities since they have been in our zone . Today I dispatched a letter to Konev confirming the report and reiterating my requests made by my Deputy Commander to Konev 1 s Chief of Staff last night . " Another Soviet Repatriation Mission to relieve one referred to above is working in U. s. Zone for 30 days as per agreement between Konev and me . I will see that this one is removed as soon as repatriation work is completed , which I will try to have accomplished by the end of JO day period . 11 General Clark sent the following message to General r,IcNarney . No . CG-012501 : Reference "Confirming my telephone conversation recently with you, herewith my recommendations to be included in your report to the War Department . �"I have recently submitted questionnaire to approximately 2000 married officers , non- commissioned cfficers of the first three grades and civilians presently in USFA . As a result of this questionnaire 260 officers, 14 noncommissioned officers and 32 civilians have a ready indicated their desire that their dependents to number approximately 550 come to Austria as soon as possible , with understanding that they wil) remain in Austria for a year after the arrival of their dependents unless released sooner by proper authori ty . As personnel of OTB is more firmly established it is anticipated that this number will be substantially increased . It is felt that situation in Austria is somewhat di fferent from situation in other parts of the ET0 and I , therefore , request that dependents up to a total of 300 be sent to Austr ia to arrive beginning 1 May ,with t½e balance of 250 the following month and thereafter , numbers as requested by t hi s Headquarters . These families can be housed in existing buildings without additional requisitioning and I am prepared to take the necessary steps to meet them at the Port of Entry , and transport them to Austria . Those with small amount baggage coulct be flovm from United States to Vienna if air trans portation is available . At the present time there are in Vienna , famil i es of Russian , British, and French offi cers , as well as members of my State Department Staff , and it woul d be highly desirable from morale point of view that .American military wives be present . Also , presence of wives will broaden Allied contacts so desirable among the four powers . Large proportion of this first increment of 300 dependents v.rill be located in Vienna and will inc2-ude the famiJ ies of many of my key military s pecia i sts 1n Legal, Financial; Economic and other military government and Allied Commission positions, mostly reserve officers, who cannot be replaced and who otherwise would not consent to stay . I am prepared to furnish names of civilians and non- commissioned officers whose families will be sent in first increment , as we 1 as names in first increment of approximately 2000 officers ' families who wi]l be selected throughout all grades , based upon the length of service of head of families overseas . Commissary privileges will be avaiiab 1 e commencing 1 I,iay . Commutation of rations will be provided enl j sted men of first three grades whose dependents come . "Because of this added inducement I also look for increase in regular army enlistments for Austria . I strongly urge favorable consideration of this request in order to have representative .American families in this area , and also to take positive steps toward the improvement of family morale both here and in Uni t ed States , where forced senaration is source of increasing discontent among dependents . I recommend that the War Department make early announcement of the privilege even though its implementation will cover a period of time . No question in my mind but that I will be prepared to handle deuendents from United States commencing 1 ·,1ay, when cold weather will have ended . 11 - * * * * �SEC VIENNA--JANUARY 26, 1946--General Clark arrived at 091,.5 and immediately conferred with General Tate ano General Mci,1ahon who were followed by Colonel Luongo of the 222nd Infantry Regiment . Colonel Luongo 1 s regiment is being replaced by the 242nd Division, and Col . Luongo came in to bid the General good.by . At 1200 General Saltzman saw General Clark ai1d accompanied him to his vi1la where they had 1unch . In the evening General Clark accompanied by General Saltzman, Miss Eyer , . General 1vichlahon went to the opera and after dinner at the villa returned to the Bristol Hotel where .the General saw the fl oor show. General Clark left the Bristol Room after a short time and returned to his villa . * * * * VIENJ:..A--JA.~UARY 27, 1946-- General Clark spent the day at his villa. He had lunch with General Saltzman and in the .evening had guests for dinner and for a movie entitled 11 Duffy 1 s Tavern". * * * * VIENNA--JANUARY 28, 1946--Ceneral Clark arrived at his office at 09300 After conferring with General Tate and General r✓.icI1iahon, General Clark addressed the Staff conference at 1010, concering families: "Gentlemen, I thought it worthwhile to come here this morning and bring you up- to- date on the steps I am takin g with regard to bringi.Dg families over here . It is a subject which is very dear to my heart and one that I intend to push as hard as I can in spite of some of the reports I get from the Viar Department that they are meeting with all kinds of difficulties with regard to housing . I sent a radiogram yesterday to USFET on this subject . I am going to read it to you . This is not for publication in the press because i t might embarrass the War Department . I don ' t mind your indicating to your families those of you who are interested in having your wives come over - of the fact that I am deeply interested in this matter . (For text of cable which General Clark read at meeting - s ee Diary J &nuary 25 , 1946) 11 Now one point in there about hovsing - we have a board here that has been appointed looking into troop requirements. At present we have troops in many apartments . In the summer it will be possible to get them into more desirable barrack-type locations and the small apartments made available for families . We are pretty well spread out at this Headquarters with well over one thousand pieces of property requisitioned. I think that by some readjustment with cutting down of the headquarters by that time and not turning back an~ of this property , we will be able to give reasonably adequate accommodations to families and all of you who are interested in having dependents come over must impress upon them that it is no picnic . There will be hardships, but it will be a privilege to be here and have the families together . I a~ shooting this thing to General Eisenhower for his information . He discussed it with me before he left and he is very much interested . That will give them something to chew on when they get it. �11 0ne other point is requisitionjng . There will be no more automatic requisition of apartments and nicer places to live. From now on they are all ve:.7 carafully screened . We are begi:nning to be subjected to criticism because of the number of real estate parcels , approx~nately 1 , 335 , we have taken from the Austrians . We haven 't received much criticism ye·t, but if they found out what we had, we would . I want to contract rather than expand so that we can take families :in. Are there any· ques t ions?" At 1030 General Clark saw General Saltzman with General MciJahon and at 1100 promoted eight officers in his off ice • .Among those promoted were Colonel Moo:re, the General's pilot , and Captain Kennedy, son of Col. Kennedy . At 1115 General Clark saw Mr . Erhardt who had just ret.urned from a vacation at Bad Gastein . General, Clark conferred with Mr . Erhardt for some time concerning the developments v1hich had taken place during Mr . Erhardt I s absence. Colonel Rich spoke to General Clark about the General ' s physica} condition and joined the General for lunch at the Commandjnf General ' s mess • .After conferring with Colonel :Jiarget at 1415 on the currency problem in Austria, General Clark saw General J,lci,lahon and then after taking care of his corres pondence, left his headquarters for his villa where he spent the rest of the evening . General Clark sent the following message to General Gruenther : Reference No . 012802: 1'hanks for informa tion on Chai:rman 1 May 1 s quotation and on New York Times editorial . Please have Grogan thoroughly briefed by Persons on last minute situation . What is your estimate of s ituat ion with r egards investi• gation and confirmation . Hope Chaney gets well soon . I need him . 11 11 * * * * VIENNA--J.ANUARY 29 , 1946---General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 09050 He immediately conferred with General Tate and then dictated letters . At 0940 General Tate briefed General Clark for the AJ.lied Council meeting which i s to be held tomorrow and discussed all items on the agenda , for the forthcoming meeting . At 1100 hours General Clark left hi s headquarters t o go to General McCreery 1 s headquarters at Schonbrunn Palace, where he discussed the financial situation and currency problems of Austria. He arrived back at his headquarters at 1225 and immediately saw General Tate concerning his conference with General ilcCreery . Immediately followinl? General Tate, GeneraL Clark talked with Colonel Paxson concerning the assignment of Lt . Eisenhower • ..After seeing General Howard for a short time concerning the recent investigation and report of the Russ ian Repatriation Committee, General Clark had lunch with General Howard and his staff . General Clark saw General Tate for a short time after lunch and left his headquarters for his vi1la. After having rested in the afternoon, General Clark invited Ambassador and iwirs . Patterson and their daughter for cocktails. The Ambassador ' s party had arrived early in the afternoon from Bel grade. Other guests included Ii1 r. and iilrs . Erhardt , Miss Coltharp, a member of Ambassador Patterson ' s party , General 'I'ate , General mclriahon, Lt . Traugott and Capt . Luther 0 s �SE ET VIEllliA--JANUA..tY 30, 1946--Gene"Y'al Clark arrived at his office at 0840 and immediately saw Colonpl ?axson . Later he saw Genera] Tate with .,.r • .,e;rhardt on the a~enda to be taken up at the Allied Council meetinf . Later he saw General 1,Ic11!ahon ,and at 1030 left his office for the AJ.lied Council meeting . The General returned to his office at 1545 hours and after conferring with i.!r . irhardt went to his villa where he srent the rest of the day . Gene:r- J CJ ark SPnt the following- messaee to General Gruenther: "Your 211 received . Committee ' s request is step in right direction . Report must be factual and cover battle in its over- all aspects rathe~ than from the poin~ of view of an iso-ated divisional attack . Have radioed General Eisenhower offering- Paxson as consultant, if desired . Jlssume you wil 7 be given opportunity to review report . Is this correct? Under new agreement of two Al 1 ied Council meetinrs a month, I finish my Chainnanship after today's meeting . Am takinp off morning of :F'ebruary 3rd for Capri for two weeks badly needed res t. '! * * * * VIE~lil:,A--Januar;r 31 , 1946-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 . He immediately saw General dc11lah n about the plans for the reception of General Lee . At 1000 hours General Clark met General Lee , who had arrived earlier in the day , and after an honor guard in front of the Bank BuiJding spend the rest of the morning :in his office discussing various problems with General Lee . At 1300 hours Genera . Mccreery arrived at General Clar k ' s headquarter s and h d lunch ni th General Clar~ General Lee and other guests among whom were General Moore , Commanding General £8th Division, and Genera Smith of General Lee 1 s headquarters . After lunch General Lee and his party toured the ci t~r and in the evening attended a cocktail party and dinner given by Genera' Clark . Liarshal Konev, General Zheltov, General Cherriere , Ambassador Patterson and 1,lrs . Patterson were among the guests . After the party General· Lee left for faidlinr; Station v1here he departed in General Clark ' s train for Udine. General CJ ark returned to his villa at 2300 hours . The fol lowing messaee was sent to the .To int Chiefs of Staff from GeneJ·al Clark: Ref . No . P- 2043 : .Allied Council meeting 30 January characterized by tenaci tJr with which opinions were held . British, French, U. S. supnorted general plan on restitution United Nations property as conforminr to .AJ.lied Council directive . On Soviet insistence report referred back to Cuadripartite Division to pr"'pare complet'9 plan including lists of properties. 11 1. 2 . Upon U. s. insistence supported by British f:ina7ly agreed to send only warnin_.- lette~ to al] editors concerning violations of A11strian press dlrectj_ve . Soviet held out at lenrt:1 for more drastic imr1ediate action inc 1 uding suspension of certain napers . 11 �s '!3 o Agreed on tv,o Allied Council meetings per month . on 10th ~nd 25th. In future meetings "4. Reparations Division ordered to examine and report on concre te cases Al1ied reparations claims to German property of doubtfu1 origin locat ed in different zones . 5. In accordance with WAR 93685 , January 20 and 62 , Januarv 19 from Sec:,_oetar;1r of Ptate to AFSPOI f,J' I :introduced a pro1)osal to instruct Executive Cornrrdttee to ex&~ine strength of Ajlied armed forces in Austria and submit study with recomr,1endations coverinr' phased :reductions . French and British mer.ibers arreed . Soviet member said he could not agree with proposed action as sub.ject is matter vrhich should be handled by Governments and not by Allied Council. After the meetinf I a.,.,.ain raised question with Konev and he repeated the stand taken by him on this subject in AlJ i ed Council meeting . It is clearly evident Council can make no procress on this subject until Konev gets instructions from his Government . In his discussions on paper presented on reduction of ' troops Konev stated Soviet forces are beine steadily reduced by demobilization; that he could not arree to action by Allied Commission to reduce troops because: it is a matter for GovernmentaJ determination; German surrender instrument remains to be fully carried out; demilitarization and denazification of Austria are still incomplete; the campaign against i~azi ideology has not been satis factory; trial of Nazi criminals is beinc delayed; and all this has even raised hopes of Hapsburgs who have arain entered Austria . 11 ( 6 . ..'\fter th meeting I asked Konev if he had received instructions from his government concerning acc8ptance of the objectives stipulated bv the U. s. Con?ress in connection with last mrn.r'lA Appropriations Act . Konev stated he had no instructions from his Government . I shall continue to press for fulfi}lment of these objectives. Soviet element stands firmly against stipulations unless instructions are received from i,.oscow. 11 11 0 * * * \"IENNA--February 1, 19/,6--General Clark arrived at his headq arters at 1000 hours . He immediateJv saw Colonel Reeves of the Siimal Section and Colonel Paxson concernine: a teletype conversation to General Gruenther later in the d_ay . He later conferred with General 1c.,lahon and General Tate on the Rapido River crossinr a.>1.d to!)ics to be brought vp in the teletype conference later in the eveninc. After seeinp Colonel Nvgaard , w"o is Roon J eaving for the States , Gr:sneral Clark talked with General Snavely . At llL,5 General Clark saw Mr . HcCormac and Mr . Fodor , war corres1')ondents . Ac companio·l by Genera ' Saltzman, General Clark left his office for his villa where he had lunch and spent the remainder of the afternoon . He returned to his office at 700 hours where he made last minute notes to be used in tne te3 etvpe conversation to ·.-:ashington . The conversation be r an at 1800 hours and lasted until 2100 hours . Durine: this time General Clark discussed the complete Rapido River crossinr incident with Genera Gruenther and gave him aJl his views on the subject and answered al1 questions desired in Vlashine-ton . Genera] Cl ark left his office at 2015 hours for his vi1 la where he spent the rest of the ni.crht. 11 �~IElTiiA--VBBEU!JlY 2, 1946-- Gener 1 Cler~ arrived at his office at 0900 . He conferred with General Tate for a short time and later with :.rr . £rhardt . At 1000 hours he at ended a Guard of' Honor which was held for Admiral Hewitt , Cormnander of the l,ava] :r orces iri the .C::'I'0 . Ad□iral l:ieni tt , with Commodore Shelley and other haval of~icers , arrived early this morning by train . The purpose of :;heir visit is to present Genera" Clark with the liavy Distinguished Service medal. .After the rtonor Guard Gene ..:·al Clark escorted M.miral Hewitt and Commodore SheJley to his office and spent a short time there wnile th~ General ' s staff gathered for the rresentation . Shortly tb0reafter General Clark and .Admira: Hewitt went to the Conference Room in the Bank Building TThere the ld,,_iral presented General Clark witr.. the tistinruished Service ,,:edaJ for his superior work at Salerno . .After the ceremony General CJark discussed the work iI Austria with Admiral. Hewitt and his staff . At 1100 hours , dniral Hewitt and accompan~rinf officers v1ere taken on a tour of the city, returning to the Bank build:ing at 7,300 uhere they had lunch with C'eneral Clark in the Commanding GeneTal 1 s mens . During the afternoon the Admiral 1 s party continued their tour of Vienna . Geno1·a] Clark left his office at 1500 hours and walked to his vi]la . At 1930 hours General Clark gave a cocktail party at the Bristol Hotel for Admiral Herritt and his party, r.10nbers of the S·~ate Department a:1d Sr. Staff officers . :E ollowin[' cocktails , dinner was served in the Oval n_oom of the Bri.stol . Gene1'a) ClarJ· accompanied by Ad:nir'.ll He,vitt isited the Bristol h.oom and at 2400 hours Genera}. Clarl,. de-p3rted for his villa . Gene'·al Clark sent the follow;ng messar-e to the Joint Reference i:fo . P- 2199 : hiefs of Staff, 11 In ac cordance ni th authority f!ran ted in W]l.R 9/, 820 I h~ve arranP-ed to lond French approximately 2500 tons food for Vianna feeding to tide them over first half li' February. Under Jocal afJTeement French wil1 r9pay loan not Jater than 20 Februar:" . French food Sl'fT'lies scheduled to arrive between now and 20 February adequate for one month supply . kn unabJe to ret an;r information on French pood situation for :,Iarch . 11 * * * * VBl11-IA--:FiB1'.U.ARY J , 1946- -Gene-:-a: Clark left his vil a for the cub strip and at 0930 flev1 in his 1 - 5 to Tul_l n airfield, accompanied by Genera] Saltzman . The General took off from 'lulln in his E- 17 accompanied by General .SaJtzman, voJonel Klein and Cart . I-uther for a t,7o- week 1 s rest on the Isle of Ca"'ri. The Ger,eral landed at Rome at 1230 ho11rs and with his partv went immediately to the 3xce7sior Ho.,_.e 1 "1he.,.,e the~· stayed durinp th"' tir11e s1ent in _ome • . i.ft.er lunch Genera Clark spent the afternoon walkinr throuph the cit:r with Genera SaJtzmen . ID the eveninr he had dinner at th9 hotelo * * * T * �R0iIB, rr T,Y- -F ::PJUA.BY 4, 191: 6--Genera] C rk snent the morninr- wa7 kin.:' and at 1800 hours Col. No.,..man Iiske ca 1 ed on ..,h0 Genera1 at the hotel to bring him two beautiful bibles r·hich ,-,ere a gift fror:1 1,he Comnittee of Liberation of Tforthern Italy . General Dascher, 1corne Area Commander als called on the General. At 1930 hOUl'S Genera• C ark uent to .'¼mbassador Kirk rs for cocktails . Amonr,- the ·uests were Ca:::nel 0:f'f'ie, .tia~or Gew~ral Art ri1son,who 4 s retirinP to become Vice President of '!:LA, an0 other members of T..lA. General CJ ark accer ted an invitation to tale a short flir--ht in the 'l'1 lA Conste· lation 11 ,Star of ;,adrid 11 "':.he next day . Gene.ray Clark J eft the cocktan party and returned to ~he hotel Hhere he remained for the rest of the evening . -)(- * * * PO 'lE, I"'ALY --FEBB.lTATY 5, 1946--General ClGrk arrived at the Campino airport at 0945 and at 1030 took a short ride in the 'Y11A ConstelJ ation . .After the hop the Gnn,=,•a1 took off in Ihis B-17 for Hales and ·anded there at 1210 hours . General Clark was met bY General Jaynes at the airport and escorted to the · dock where he boarded a crash boat, for a f i fty- minute run to Ca·,ri. General C: ark went immediately to his vi] la , Unphia ·,.arina, ,.-,here he was to sta;• durinf his vacation on Ca,..,ri. He spPnt the rest of the da~, rel axing . * * * CAPRI, r ATY--:?EBRUARY 6, ]9/6- -General Clarlr ·,ent fishino- at 1000. However, the only t 1 ·re of fishing at C&pri was pullin[" in a 1 ready prerared lines so the General came in after a short while . In the afternoon he rested and later took a walk . Thct eveninrr he had dinner at his vi 7 la with Genera] Sa}tzman and , General Sullivan j and Co} onel KJ ein . ':'he foll ovfinr messa~·e was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Refer nce P- 2/;,.38: 0 No 11 0n February 4, a Sovir;t deleg-ation headed bv a·'l Arm~r Lia,ior nal"led !\aR"an anT'eared at the Creditanstalt Bank jn the International Zone of Vienna, in.formed the bank manager that the Donau Dampfschiffahrts Gesellschaf (Danube Steamship 1:avirration Company) and four :;.ess imr,ortant companies had become Soviet pro:'lerty as of February 2 in consequence of a decision 11 passcd. by the l llies 11 , and demanded the funds on deposit to the credit of these companies. 11 The Ban:V manarer refused to hand ove:!'.' the funds without a written order from the Allied Council. He was informed by the Sovir-its that the matter uas one between them and the bank and did not concern the JI 1 7 ied Council. On per sis ting in his refusal to turn over the money the m, na[~er was given until 9 AI,: the fol lowino- d"l~· to have the funds ready for de1iv8ry . SECRFT �C 11 '1' 1-ie same Soviet deleration ca} led at the offices of' the DDSG and informed the manacer tho. t the Comnany was non Soviet propert;v, but that the staff ·1ould be retained under Soviet· control officers, who remained on the premises. After denarture of the Soviet delegation the manarer.1ent of the Credi tansta1 t appealed immediately to the Austrian Government and to the Commanders of the western Allies for sunport and pui0ance. Each of these Commanders sent to Creditanstalt on the evening of February 4 a written notice of their objection to the nrooosed Soviet action . 1 11 0n the mornin .a of February 5, m:r Leputy, actin: on my behaJ f, sent a 1 etter to 1,1arshal Konev statinc- the US view that the nroposed Sovi"'t action with res ~Act to DDSG, and to the other companies by imp1ication, was contrary to the London agreement, Lioscow agreement, the apreement not to fake reparation frorr: A1Jstria , and to a recent decision of the Allied Council to bring about discrssion of reparation claims a:ainst djsruted German assets distributed in mor, than one zone o:f' occupotion, in the -ight of tho yrnes - PoJotov understandic1g . Konev was urged to take no further action but to submit the case to the Al lied Council for consideration and decision . 11 0n the mornjng o:' February 5 the Soviet delegation returned to the Creditanstalt and repeated their der.iancl for the DDSG and other comnanies 1 funds. British military police had been r osted in the bui] ding as insurance L-i the event of threatened violence . The manager of the Creditanstalt presented the Soviet leader with a 1etter from the Austrian Finance :.Iinistry stating that the proposed transfer of funds was i 7 -1 era] under the recent SchiJJ inc Law which had been enacted at the request of the Allied Covncil, and claimed he could give up no money without authorization frol'l the AC . The Bank manarer referred verbally to the letters from the \,estern AlJied Commanders objecting to the trans fer, but did not produce these. After reiterating their demand and again stating that the !!latter did not concern the AC the Poviets left without set ting any future deadline for deJiver;-tr of the funds . 11 Thereafter the Soviet deler-ation appeared in turn at the Austrian National Bank, the Laenderbank, and the Postsparkasse and made simi1ar demands for the funds of DI:SG ar.d. other companies. At the Na tiona] Bank ulaj or Kagan presented a letter signed by himself and statinr that the property had passed to Soviet ovmership in consequence of a "decision by the Allies" . Each of the three banks refused to turn over the funds without written authorization from the AC but were given a deadline of 3 PM, February 6 in which to have the money ready for delivery .. "The companies af f ected by the Soviet action, in addition to the DLSG, are the foJ lowing: Continentale ::otorschiffahrts AG (Cosmos), Bayrischer Lloyd , HITAG 1 and STINES. 11 The funds of DDSG on de!'osit in the banks concerned are reported to total roughly 15,000, 000 Schil:infs . SECRET �CRr "I be] ieve that the Soviet references to a 11 decision 1)assed by tho Allies 11 as noted in the foreR"oinP can only' refer to the I-otsd~ proto~ol. I feel thPt a firm stand is necessar;v in the 1resent situation in order to maintain our interpretation of th9 Potsdam anc other re)evant United Nations aereement.. J.s both .1arshaJ Konev and General Zhel tov have been absent from Vienna during the above described events, I believe the actions taken b;,r their subordinates must reflect a policy laid down directly- from :.1oscow. We have repeatedly experienced that where the Soviet e'emF3nt in ~ustria is carrying out a policy determined by their 1:1overnment , debate and discussion in the AC cen rroduce no sip:nificant chanres , as the local ,Soviet re!resentatives are unable to devi[lte from their instructions , even v1hen their convictions are not in har ·1on~r with these . "It is dif:"icult to judge how lone the Austrians can hold out under the Soviet prAssure ,;i th,~such indirect support as we can give them . I th refore propo::,e to dissuade the Soviet element from takin,.,. such nrecipitate actions . I am sure I will receive the full sup"'ort of the commanders of the other weste:rn itllies, ·to\,ard this end . 11 0 The folloming cable was sent to the Joint Chiefs 0£' Staff and is a res 1 1.rne of the , Allied Council Exe cuti ve Committee on 5 February : lteference P- 2Li39: 11 J t meeting fil.lied CounciJ xr>c1..-:.ive Committee 5 February 19/46 French "21ement stated tha t instruction::, had been received from their Government that owinr· to preca,,,ious si tuat::i.on world market in cereals and sup l:v of German corn, Gene ·•c1l Koeni rt Corun"'nc5nrr }:rerch troo,..,s j.n Ge man1:1 had been indur.'3d to reduce br...,ad.ration in French occuuation zone in Ge,,,many by 25;' . ::-rench Government had ins+,rl'cted Ko<>nir-" to 1 t.>'.' ni, ttn:r before Con+roJ CoP1mission in Be:-lin and press , firstly , for s imil.<-r red uc tj on i '1 bread ration· ne- in all zones , and secondly, for a poolin,· of .food resources • · 0 II 11 rr nch Gove -nment considers it necessary that some measure be adopted in Aus,ria and th refore J.irench ~lement herA introduced resolution in Executive Committee as f oJ lovrs : 0 11 Firs-i;lv, that th0 ration of brec.d or f 1 our a located in the Iirench occupetion zone in Austria should e immediatf:lly reduced bY the same percentare as in Ger::un1 . Secondly, that the enforcement of a simil· r mer.sure be asked of the oth::::r elements of the Allied Control ComTcJission in Aus+.ria by the French Element . Lastl", that the pooling of rt?.sources in cereaJ s and other food products be likerlise proposed . 11 "French rer resentativ9 stated at ;vesterdav 1 s r.' eetin~ that vnder ins true tions from his Governr1°n t recluc tion in bread ration was to be eff ec ti ve as soon as ossib:e but not later than 20 February; and to remain in - effect until next crop un} ess UNB '.A surrlies avai 1 ·,b: e sooner . iirench repre::ent11tive upon re uest other Lllied members of Execuvive Committee agreed to recomnend to his Government thrt rresent ration standard in Austria be maintained pencing investieation and estabJ ishment of ros ition on this subject b;, other three po71ers . �11 :Je have Vi enna co ,.ies of Paragr ar,s h 3 anc'l beari nf on bread ju t reci:dved cable lrn . L,J from Ul'JI,.:.A r!ashini::-ton to UHRr..A whi ch were sent to chi efs of UNRF..A •.!is s ions , worldwide . 4 of this cable are quot ed below as they have impor t ant rationinc : t .3 . In t he J i e-ht of the infor'tlation given j_n paraf raphs l and 2 above , I request you to consult as a matter of urgency 1,:-i th the hi 7 hcst author i ties of · the p-overnment to which you are accrec.ited with a view t o 11 t a . Gr-ireful husbandinz. of both imported and indi-:·enous sur1plies of not onl;v tho norrml bread cereals wheat and rye but also maize , barle:r, oats and potatoes ; 11 . '.!.'akin" steps Lo reduce both the gen0ra 1 and srecial rations of bread and flour to fi ures c on1'7'ensurate with the pr esent extrenel;1r bleak outl ook . 11 11:: 11 1L . In ur~:ing you to h~1 ve at the ee.rJ iest possible date the cons ul tEi,tions referred to in par avraph 3 above I wish you to know : uIa. ( 'lhat I have personally apueal ed to the heads of the Governments of -~.he lnited ...-tates , Canada and Aus r alia to do everythinp ·:dthin their poner to riake l a r rer bread grain supplies avaiJ able to mm .A and 11 1 b . 'I'hat we will continue to ress on a J concerned for the comraitrnent to UUP. ?.A of '.7heat frc:n alJ sources of sup-'l:r of not less than ~ 'i" J'l' thousand netrjc tons per month . 11 .At the present time rntion scales in effect in Aus aria are arrroximately as fo- lows for the norma 1 conSU'll9r : 11 Vienna - average 1250 calories American anc British zones exc 1 1.:sive of Vienna 1550 calories F~nr..ch and 1ll1ssian zones exclusive of Voenna - 1000 calories A 257 reduc tion in the bread ration thr oughout Avstria vould mean a reducti on of aprrox:i.ms.tely 250 calori es Derday in the 'scales mentioned above . I consider that in view of the rr8at shortar-e of' indi'"enous fcod , a redt'ction of 25;' in the bread ration ( 250 calories) nithout compensatinr; food substit uti ons will have S<3r:.'. ous effect unon the heaJ t:· of the Austrian people , particulflr] ~r throu ·hout th0 balance of the v1inter . I fee] that the current ration scale shou]d be continued untiJ benefit i s derived from next season ' s crops. I -nronose to ta~·0 this s;and in t he Al ied Council , unless otherwise instructed . 11 11 * * �FT 3l CAFr.I ,, IT:ALY --FEBRUARY 7, 191,6--General Clark Jeft his vil, a at 0930 um~ waH·ed to Ana Capri \1ith G·eneral f,u:i J ivan and Genere.J s,,, tzman where he visi te11 the home cf Dr . i:ircl dun the, writer of the book "'l h9 Story of San Miehe] e 11 • At 1300 hours the Gen-'ral had lunch in a loca 1 restaurant with the rest of his narty and walked to his viJ l a ~ He sren t the rest of the day at his vi]la c * * * * C.AIRI, I'i'ATY --FEBRUW 8, J9/6- Genera} Clark s:,~pt the day relaxinr and took a walk in the afternoon . * * * * CAPPI, ITAT:Y--FEBRUA.FY 9, J 946--General Clark took a lorn, waJ k in the morninr w~. th General .Sa] tzrian and General CullJ.van up to tho ruins of the palace of th-3 Emperor of '1 iberius . 1 The fol Iov,iN· cnh1 8·· 'i.'c.,S :..~ c":ivec1 b,r Gen°ra} ci~rk from tho Chief of Staff, 'Jar Lenartnent : .:-:efPrence ~~o . 961:8~/~ 0 ( I " kble quoterl below is beinp sent by UNi=:.:i-i.A to Parminter . For ;vour info state understands British wiJ press for cut-off date of 2r :feb •. War DenPrtm,,nt resT'om1jbi H:• for AuP1-rian Supp]ies ,,Ji7 J cease with iniation of UNRPA Prosram . State 1md ·:rer concur that it is immaterial whether cut- off date of mi] i tary responsibi 1 it~, is 28 }r.,b or 31 l.iarch but UNlI':.A should not assume financial responsibilit;-<r uniiJ. i"G has distributing responsibi-..it. also . ,·;ar fepartment Letter dis~atched to }eb . 46 r0fers . 1 11 In order to clarifv areas of responsibi1.i ty A.S betwP~n UNRI-U:. on one hand and the AlJ ied Control Council as \le 11 as the Cons ti tuen t Oc cup;,ving Powers on the other hand , we propose: 11 1. mrn::-.A will J oad from 1 .arch th3 rel.ief and rehabilitation supplies provided under the General Austrian Proeram novr before UNHLA Central Comr;ii ttee for a , ·roval amountinf'" to approxi'r1a1:,ely 70 , 000 exclu.dinf shi.ppinr cof'ts . All sup lies J oaded under this proeram wiJ 1 be consicned to the mmi°{A idiss:i..on for distribution . in Austria in ace ordance v:i th whatever a£reement is finally arrived at betHeen the Austrian authorities the AJ lied Council and mm1.i.A . • UH::;_:cA vrill take over such ir1ported relief anr rehabi" i tation supplies as fall within its proi_~ram and which are located or arrived in Austria after April l a.rid belong to t:1e Occupying Authorities and wiJ l ray therefore asainst a::·,,...roprir:te receirts in accordance with strict inventory , price and accountin']' arranpements to be aP-reed unon and al 1 those sup~lies vlill be considered for distribution in the whole of Austria in accordance v-ith the terms of the a 0 reement between the Austrian government, Allied Council,and UNRRA. s T �11 3. The proposed arrangements concerning sur;-,lies for displaced pe.,.,sons eli?ib] e fo:r UNR?.A care wiJJ be covered by J ater cable . "4. The total prozram for Austria as apnroved b;v the Central Conmi t tee wi11 inc J ude al l of the supplies delivered b:r 1JNRHA to .Austria and the supplies oricinally DX(J{* HBY ZED by the occup:rin[' povrers and turned over to UNRRA after .April 1 . This will of course inc] ude the supplies shinred b:7 mr~.lJI.. under its Janue.ry and February Emerfency Propram and the supplies for displaced persons ." "We must have an immediate answer from the A"l liecl. CounciJ. on whether these po5.nts are acceptable . Appropriate rrovisions should be made to cover th9se poj_nts in the basic afreernent beinp nep·otiated in Aus ria . "Above was communicated to repr '·sentatives of United States 1.JK , France , U...,SR in Washington . " * ( * * * CAPRI , L'ATY --FEBRTJARY 10, J 9Lr6-- General Clark received Generel Sir John and Lad," i.!orran at 1245 and had 1unch with them at his viJ 1 a . General ifor fan and Lady ,.. organ left the Island by PT boat at 1500 . G,meral Clark spent the rest of the da~" at his villa . * * * * C.APR.I, I'rALY -- FEBRU.ARY 11 , 19L,6-- General Clark spent the da:r relaxinp- at his viJla . * * * * CA.l-PI, ITALY--FEBRUARY 12 , 1946- Ceneral Clark spent the da~t relaxinr- at his vi1 J a . General Tate sent the fo]lowing cable to General CJark , Reference No . T- 021102 : "Bethouart stated in AC today that French have NO wheat and only limited quantities other types of. food for Vienna RJ l.Tarch . 11 He urged thRt other Allies poo· .-rood , inc udin'.:" reserve atocks to el'l.sure that all zones in VIEN.i:JA i'lould have prover amount of food . He stated that nerotiations in the 'C'nited States to acquire v1heat b~, }rench have broken down and he does not b10w what future wiJ J. brinr . ( �RE 11 i:'le did not agree with Bethouart I s pro;'osal that A1J ied rc.:.serves be pcole to Latisfy French deficiency. On t.hG other band it ~-;as agreed that sone solvt.ion wc1Jd have to be worked out in view of announcements by ll1U'l'i;D STATES, illHTED KINGDOM and UNO regardjng .mrld food shortaze . "I discussed this matter informally ,dth : ..onev and ·rccreery and both exoressed al arm over situation r,e face in I.:arch if French unab1e to pet food . All of us feel that in viev1 of £OVern:t'1ental statements on food shortaee we cannot afford to c-o to Zonal feedinz . Reperci.:ssions would be too e-reat to justify such action . On other hand ~'!e recoc:nize fac-4:; other Al 7 ies cannot crntinue to carr;,7 l rench inclefi1:ii te 1 y, esneciallJr since they have lmovm since i.ovember first thRt the~.r · would have to assume their full food cw.mitm~nt beeinnins l February . 111.IcCreery and I feqJ we should tr,· to rnal·e some arranc-ement whereby we turn over French March recuirements for vr::::~.i,A on a dea, vJith mrn•.A to extent illi!RI'.A cr,.,di ts us ·ni th cost of these ::;upp1 ies a rains t U!.TEF'.A prorrcim in \ustria. This seems to be onl;r V:ay out . If Jrou agree with this proposal I wilJ follow throurh with UlTF..R..A and tr7 to get aprrova 1 from War re:.--:,rtment for our share . 11 PJ.ease 1 9t mr-, l now :ronr views soonest as ther"' is consi<lerabJ.e de• tail to com:!_)1 etinP' deal .. " Genera] Clark received the fol] m·1inf', messace from Genera) Tate in rerard to the AlJ ied CounciJ r.:eeting on February 11, 19.46, r..eference Ho. T-021103: "AlJ ied Council meetinc- today was row:;h . Session broke up at 1930 toni 0 'h't, . Hain discussion centered around resolution clea, in · with results of investic-ation in zonos to d9terrnine existence of miJitari:t organizations. All the h:-ord work I · did Jast Saturda;r to Fet agreement went by the board· today. Point of contention was situation in British Zorie • ..lcCreery and I onev hnd it out . After :'o~~ hours of r1isrprsion and severa 1 conf9rences of col11I'l.anders no acreer:1.ent reached. Both :.:ccreery and Konev s+.ated thAy ''1011ld send rerorts to their 7overnments ~ Konev stated he felt free to inform Press on conditions in British ZonP. Bethouart and I did 01.,., best to reach a:rel'!MP'1~. Jj ·rf8rerce :Lr viev•s ITcCreer - and Konev could not be breached.. I have not mentioned srbject to our fress and do not intend to. Frrcmch throw bombshell into meetinc bv cal lint: for a rP-duction in bread ration in Vienna by 25 percent (250 caJ.ories). I took stend that instructions from our covernment would not permit me to 8E,7'ee to any reduction in Vienna ration below that of Berlin; that since Berlin according to 1 atest inf'ormation was feedinv 1542 ca]ories French proposal nould place Vienna below that scaJ.e. It vms agreed that matter should be studied by Economic 1irectorate and recommendations would come before next meetinc of PD . We have had no reply to messac:e to JCS on this subject which I sent 11 C �fe"'J da~•s bacl· . Serarate message bein,, sent you reeardinc- French food position for Barch . 11 Have had message from State 1epartment advi sing the.t Department , and :iar Department arproved action vre took regardinc Sovir:➔ t seizure of ITSG st"'amship property and assets . ..less age urged 1.:s to raise action cf Soviets in t ,1is case in AC . This was done today . honev stated properties were taken over 1.nder Potsdam and that ether A1Jies had no right to dfaregard stated vi rrs of h0ads of governments at Potsdam by attemptine to interfere with Soviet action . HcCreer;;", Betbouart and I virorously opposed l\onevs views . ,1e P-ot nowhere except to clarif~r further Soviet s to.nd on entire gl'estion of reparations . State Deuartment asLed us to re:,ort results our raisinc question so they can bring ur on rovernmental level . Erhardt is makinf fulJ report . "Considered messaee from UNRRA about takinc over responsibility for supplvinr Austria on J. April . I sent copy this message to you uith Paxson . ,.latter was referred to Econor1ic Directorate to stud:- and report next meeting AC . I feel we sho ld send mess age to JCS regarding implications this chane-e • .Am sending you separate mcssare outlinfing what I fee] you should send . "Remainder items on Ai:;enda unimportant . Have your rnessaee about Bi ll . Will let you lmow later about sending him by air to Narles • 11 * * * * CAPPI, I'J'AI.Y--FEBRUARY 13 , 1946--rreneral Clark left Ca!='ri by crash boat at 1000 hours f or Sorrento -;bere he stayed at the Victoria Hotel. The Gene,.,('.} took a Jonr walk and after dinner retired early . 1 * * * . * NAPLES , I'.i'Al.,Y--F'EBRUARY l/4 , 1946--Cren,:,raJ Clarl: 7 eft Sorrento at 0910 and arrived at Naples at ] 100 hours . Colonel Coblentz , Commander of PBS met the . General at the dock and escorted him to the Universi t~r of Naples , from which the Gene:~a1 had previ ously received an honorary degree . The Genera] taJ ked to the Vice President of the University and other members of the faculty . After leavine t:i-1e University the General cal led on the Duchess of D1 Aosta at her home and then drove aJong the waterfront of Naples . General CJ ar:h received the fol10 1·d.11f messace from E . Gaspar Dutra , President of the United States of Erazil : �SECRET ( 11 It was v1ith much satisfaction that I received the conrratulations you sent me on m;v assumption of the :residency of my cocmtry 1 s government . I felt particularly the delicacy of your reca1linr on that occasj_on the feats of arms performed by Brazilian soldiers in conjunction with your valorous .American firhting rrien . Vie f011rht for the highest principles of liberty and human dir:ni ty . I am sure that increasinrly anc' ,vi th r:iore solidarity, as has already been demonstrated throughout a whole century, therr> wi]] b e friendship between the United States of .Ar.1erica and Brazil . 11 * * * * CAPRI , I'i'ALY- - F~RU.f'JIT 15, 1946--Gene; al Clark spent the day on inc and j_n the afternoon took· a lone walk . 1 * C pri rent- * * CAPP I, I'""AIY --FEBRUARY 16, 1946--General Clark spent the day at his villa on Canri with Genera]. Saltzman . * * * Ct'l}JRI , I'"AlY , FEBRUARY 17, 1946--Gen°raJ CJ ark sr-ent the morning at his viJla on Capri and at 1230 hours received Lt . General J . C.H$ Lee , .Admiral Jal"es and Commodore i.:cCandlish and 1 ater entertained them at lunch . General Lee ts party left on .Admiral Jar1es I P T boat for Naples at 1530 and General Clark Spent the rest of the da;r at his villa . General Clark sent the f'ol lowir c; message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff , Reference No . F- 3075: 11 1 . Reurads HAR 96487 and WAR 97056. Subject concerns UNRhA . Concur th::it in interest of economic unity Austria, mmRA should assume full responsibiJ i ty Austria suppl:r at earliest possib 1 e date and that War repartment responsibility for imports should cease as soon as tnmRA pro["ram is effective . AJJ ied Council cannot cive immediate ansv,er on UN-1-LA questions quoted :in your cable but is now studyinv problem . 11 2 . In considerinv assumption hv UNP..=-'A of complete supply responsibilit;r as of 1 April 1946 , th.,, follov,;ing facts must be wei?·hed carefully . a . Prorosed UNRRA pro::ram for Austria is 70 mil 1 ion do1' ars . US exr.,erts here advise 70 million dol' ars is re(luired for fo od i tern al one for 10 months, on basis of ration scale providine 1550 calories for norma1 consumer . 'Ihis l9aves nothinf to apply against all other it.ems . ~jresent estimates of US eX'r)3rts :inclicate minimum requirements other items for 10 months as follows : agricultural rehabilitation 40 million industrial rehabi1itation 70 mi1lion (inc 1 udin17 18 milJ ion for coal and 7 mil ion for POL), medical and sanitation 2 million, and clothin,..., textiles and foot 1·1ear 2 mil1 ion. If industrial re- �habilitation item is rec'l,1ced to overall total of 40 million, these estimates are approximate1v in line with AlJied Council recor11mendations for IDffiPA 150 miJJion program submitted in December 19L5 . Prof1ram therefore seriously insufficient . Unless UNRRA increases its pror-ram or some other acrenc;'," pichJ up when UNnF~\ funds exhausted military 11cust take over then . 'Ihis break in sup 1, responsibi1it:, will cause many difficulties . 11 b. Under tn~!nA conditions as Jaid down to Austrian Government , mr.Jl: does not assume responsibility of distribution as cited in your cab]e 96487, nnra • Jn cons~derine; current mu.LA emerP-enc;v p,..ortra.rn the Austrian Government has ca' 7 Ad upon the Allied Cot:ncil for assistance in providine securitv at ports of discharge , and while supplies are enroute to Austria .. They have also asked for ass:istance in trnnsporting supnlies from rorts of dischare-e to distribution centers in Austria , as we 1 1 as truck tr..,nsports .for locaJ distribution . Al) this assistance is aslred for becm,..se Austria has no security force or motor tr-:msrort to do the job . LI:v troop basis is b0in,.. .c;reetly redliced and it w:U] be JT1ost difficult to provide assistance . \ ·hile UNRRA is sunpl ying a limited number of trucks it will be some time be' fore they are received and made operable . At tho present time a considerabJe number of mi} itar;v trucks is bein,..,. used to assist Austrians in food distri... bution . r.;otor transport situation vmul be eased if authorit:v is granted to turn over militaJ'.'"lr trucks now used in this work to Austrian Government on quantitative receipt as charge against cost of o~cupation , of if they are purchased by tnmRA . 11 c. :oubt exists in my mind as to abilitv of rnmFA to create an op/'-'>rati onal organization with the Austrian Government as of 1 Anril , due fo shorta['"e of exr~rienced lJNFR.."l. and Austrian. personnel . • I 11 d. Food estimete in tnfflii.A proeram is µredicated on reasonable return from 1946 crops in Austria . Such return is r;redicated on receipt of seeds, ferti} iz ers and farm mPchinery in rnm ..A p ogram . Recej nt of these i terns is considered highlv doubtful in sufficient timP. to plant successful crop , t:1ereby resuJting in necessity of increased imports of food . "e. In addition continued pres ence of laree number of Soviet occupational troops ri1akes it doubtful whether full return from indigenous crops can be secured for benefit of Austrian ponulation . 11 3. It is my belief that best re;;;,uJ ts rroula be ob tained b" 5raduaJ turnover as mmw. Sl pplies and services become availab e and the dis+,ribut:ion acencies are deveJ oped. Fur.th"'rm,ore assurance should be riven that once lJlURA assumes fu11 responsibili~y adequate funds will be avaiJab'e to carry the rehrbi- itation , disease and unrest programs to the end of the year and that provision is made by sor:'le a~enc7 -..i th the Al~s trj_an Gov,3rnment to ensure th& t needed supplies after 1 Jrumary 1947 are fo,-.1:,hcominr- . 1 �SECR T "4 . In the J irht of information ga-cl10red thus far in stud;r::..n::- this prob] er1 I feel i + \'/Ould be extreuol •,r difi'icul t for ul' RHA to assume ful - responsibi" it" for svr ly p:rio-r to •.iay 1. Also I be1ievc i t would be inadvisable to m'.:l]~e the complete chanre-over until warm weather arri ves . 11 * * * CAPRI , ITALY--FEBRUf.RY 18, 1946--General Clark and Genera Saltzman left the vi~ l a at 1000 hov.rs and spent the rest of the morn.:nc vmlkinr to .Pna Capri wlLre they had :!_ unch at a ] oca] restaurant . After lunch they r:alked ,back- t o the v illa where the· spent the rest of the day . * * * * CAPRI , ITAT,Y- Fi!!BR.UARY 19. , 1946--CeneraJ Clark left his viJ 1a at 0830 and walked to the dock vrhere he boarded a crash boat to depar t from the I s le cf Capri after having spent a t wo-weeks vacation there . He arrived at rJap]es at 1000 and drove in his cadil-ac to Lor1e arrivinp there at 1 3.30 hours . The General I s cadil a c arrived i n Lome on the General I s train and was driven to Nap] es by the Generq 1 1 s drivers . Lfter J unch Genera 1 Cl ark \d. tb. General Saltzman went for a waJk and returned to the hotel a cut 1700 for a rest . At 1930 hours General Clark entertained CardinaJ Francis J . SpeJ lman and Colonel Bina dachado , C'hief of Staff of the Brazi1 ian 1 rmy , at dinner in his Sl'ite at the Hotel ExC'elsior . After dinner Genera] Clark talked with Colonel ,achado for some time and then after a short vmll: retired ear1y . * * * ,.mIB , I'IALY--FE.'BFlUARY 20 , 1946--General Clarlr took a r1alk in the morninn- and at 1 '300 v,ent to the Grand Hote' where he had lunch with Cardinal Syie man , .:r . Jim Fcrley and Ur . Frank :Jalk~r . Gone:ral ~> 1 tz~an, Genera 1 Sul 7 ivan , Colonel lancan and Colone 1 "cCaffrey accom:~anied the General . At 1030 General C1 ark with Genera Saltzman , General .Sul i· an an, Ca.-, ai:1 1 uther r1ent to the Virinale , the ~:o:-:- - Falace , ,he-re he had a corife,·ence with Lieutenant General of the Rea] m, Cro,rn Prince Umberto . The Genera] tooJ.r a s 1ort shopr inr: tom~ throv::h sor.1e of the streets on his return to the ho+eJ and at 7 800 ["ave a cock'--.ail party in his hote1 suite for the off i c ers of his headquarters who had come to Rone for the Consistory . Genera] Lash ir , Commandinr Gener'11 }'one Area Command , · Colene·· Bina ,1achado , Colone- Tiernan , Chief Chaplain of the E':CO , also at:' end ea . · At 2000 hours General Clark r1as a cuest of General Lee at a dinner held in one of the private dininf' ro oms oi' the Excels i or HotA l. General Anders, CoCT,andinr, Gener-al of Fo 1 ish II Corps , was amon 6 the other _;ues ts • ..1essai:.:e t o the Brazilian r~0rle fron Genera 1 C ark, piven to Cclone1 Fina ..iachado, Chief of E'taff , Brazi1 ian Army : �RE 11 It has been m;v rood fortune this we"k to be in -0me when a sroup of my Brazi 1 ian friends are here, i nc vdj np, Co 1 one 1 Bina ; "achado, nho accom- panied the Brazilian cardinals coming to the Cons is tor:r, anc Gol onel Bra~rne'."' t ~jljtarv Att"lcho. It has rriven me fT at pleosure and satisfaction to see them and to renew my associat:i ons of the Ita ian campai1m and of my visit to Brazil ] as t July . 0 0bservinr at the Consistory the d.istincuished Brazj jrJ.11 carc'lina,s, their stronC' resolute fcatvi--es rPminc8d me of the Brazi 1 inn soldiers who had fotwht so marnif'icently in Ita 1 v 1.mder their Pa' lant "eader General .. 1ascarenhas De '.orais in order that the wor]d mivht be free. I 1vas touched to hear from m;v Brazil :Lan comrades and friends that the;v had made a ri - i:;rimap:e from lLome to the beautiful Brazi' ia.n cer;, ter-y at Pis toia . Her-c. 1 ie the ha 1 lowed dead who unselfishly gave their 1 ives so that future generations of their o,m end other neo::::i1es mirht enjoy the freedoms we hold so dear . 11 I send mv best wishes and admirations to the Brazi]ian neople and their Presidort Dutra ." * * * ROME , I'FALY--February 21, 1946-- General Clark left the Lot..,] Exce'sior at 0845 acco11:panied b Genera' lee , .Ir . Gowan of' thn V?tican Bmhassy, Gen°ral ... aJ t.zrian, .Adrrir1 James and .. lrs . Tittman for 2t. Peter ' s Cathedral to attend the Consistor;7 at which four .American Archbishops were made Cardinals . Gene"al Sullivan and General IIc,.:ahon had r.receded the party to St , }eter 1 s so tho.t the entire i::;rcup was assU1·ed of satisfactory s eating arrangements for the ceremonies . Generel Clark had one of the most exce1l ent seats - to the ri:"ht of .,,'ope ?ius ~ Tl1e ceremonies were ver,r iinrressive and colorful and J asted from 09.30 unto 1230 , General C1 ark returned to tho Excelsior Hotel and ,ioined General iee in his suite for cocktails. After lunch Genera 7 C ark tool; a wal k, returning to his suite at 1600 and took a rest . At 1800 hours I.Ir . Jim Iarley , accompanied by Father Ga,,non, President of l'ordham University, paid a caJl on Gene!'al CJark at the hotel . At 1830 Genera] CJRrk left the hotel with Genera] .Saltzman for General Lasher ' s vi1la to attend a cocktail rarty . Other pues ts at the party vrere Col one Bina Machado , Col cnel Bayn°r , Brazilian :,iilitary Attache in home, Adr:dral Jan.es and I.rs . Tittman . General CJark and part;v left General Lasher ' s home at 1930 and went to Barberini Palace where they attended a dinner "'ivon by P.mbassador Eirk . At 23]5 Genera] CJark arrived back at the hoteJ where he retired for the night . * * * * RO,lE , ITALY-:-FEBRU iY 22, "946--Genera 1 Clark deri 0 rt 0 cl from the hoteJ with General Lee , Genera 7 Saltzman, Colone 1 Paxson , Co} oneJ. Klein and Captain Luthe::r, at 0830 for the airport where he was to take off for Ancona . t the airport Genera: c1 ark bid eooclbye to Gi=meral .Sa] tzman, an o] c friend and companion , "lho j_s returninr tc tho states tocay . Genera- 8a] tzman had been with Genera] Clark for many "!lom:,hs overseas and had been one of his ·cl o'sest associates and friends • At 0915 General Clark t ook off from the Rome air--)ort with General 1 l �T J1ee in his B- 17 and ianded at .Ancona at 1000 where he was met by General .Anders , Gommandin GenPral of the Po" ish II Corps . IrnTiediately upon arTival an Honor Guard. made up of new Polish troops was on hand for the General , after which he proceeded to General Ander 1 s Headquarters 'S'here he had a short conference and then lunch . Immediately after lunch Genera Cl arlr left for the airport whore he r,wiewed an honor guard mede up of crac:k- i'oJ ish Lancer troops . Genera} C'ark departed by B-17 at 1420 enroute to Vienna , landinf at Tul1n Airport at 1645 . He immedia1:.e-1 y went to his villa wherc.:s he srent the r 0 mainder of the day . * * * VIENUA--F3BhUAB.Y 23, J9/:6--Gene~a1 Clarlc arrived at his offfoe at 0945 and irnrnediatel:v c onferred with l-..r . Erhardt on is' ues which had come ur during his absence , and later ta:ked ,ith Genera] Ts.te . Gene,..al H01-:ard saw General Cl nrk at 1000 with Genera 'l.'a:'-,e on the inteJ" irrence setuo and abot1t Gene··al Cl ark I s ~ e ·sona] safet, • At 1025 Gene.,..al ,.oran saw Gener&] C1 ark and was fo11owed bv CoJonel Stephons, head of' the Disrilaced Persons Livisjon . Genc,..al ':!. te c-onf9rr9d wi.th Genera7 Clark aeain at J.055 and at J 100 Genera] C7 ark rec~ived Generai Viin_,_erton , ie"'ut1 - Co: nanoin Genera} of the British Forces, with ·hom he conferred unti] J.1) 5 . Ehort1~, thereafter CoJonel Burrill, newJv appointed D,:,n11t7 C'hief of S+,af-", tal 1 ed 'Ii th General C1 ark unon the st1bj9ct of brincr:i..i:,r famiJ ies over . .H.e i:,-ave GeneTal C7 ark a ro:'."'ort on tre recent develoDment on t,hi2 s11bject . Gene ~a1 Clork left his office at 1 230 for hir viJla wher0; he sr•ent the rest of the dny. In the even:inr he attendA<l a hussian narty at the Hofburf Pa1 ace in co:amemorat:5 on of the 28th anniirersary of the R1Jssian Army Day. He returnec1. to his villa at 2300 and retired . 1 1 1 * * VIEtIT~A--F::OPUAT.Y 24, -9L6--G9neral Cl ark s::,ent the r:iorninu walking and at 1300 received the fo) lon ~ n · Jn9mbers of the iillr·J.o- American Co:m.7i +tee for J uncheon at his ,,jJlA : :.ir. Jose h 1-Iti+chirson, Sir John 2::. Sin~Jeton , .ilr . J . :,lc!'ona1d , Mr . Croirnman, .1r . Buxton , Lord I.iorrison, Sir l . I efuett, i.ir. CruJn, 1 r • .• Ihi 71 ins, f;r. Aydelotte, ..:aj or lanninri-ham-Buller . Th9 P1.Jes ts - eft at 1500 hours, after which General CJ ar~ rested for a f'.hort timA . /tt J 700 Gen,.,.rc 1 c- ar.· :eft his vi 11 a and v:alked to thA Bristo} HotPl where he attended a cocktail pa.,..ty r•iven bv ~mbassador and ,,.rs. Patterson who a'"e on t eir 1.-:a-1r to L,he States from Bel c-rrtde . Gene1:al CJ ark returned to his villa whe,.e he sr)ent the rest of the evenim:t. * * * * VI8.JNA--l .i.IBhU.Af.Y 25, 191,6--General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 and irn• medi,:itp,~, t.::llked with Genera] 'I'ate on the agenda for the AlJied Covncil meetinf. later he talked with Colonel Eatman on the subject of alJotm•=mts and at 1000 discussed certain noints of the ae;enda with t.r. ~rherdt . At 1030 with G9nera~ Tate and. r . Erhardt, GenernJ C7 ark left his office for the Allied Com1cil neetine, returm nf to 'his headmarters at 1600 . He inunediatel;v held a press conference, givinP- the war correspondents an "off the record" reriort of the A" J.ied Council ·,neetinr:. '.ihe followinP- corresrondents attended th;j confer- �1 ence: Hendrie Burns, Inforrnotion Services ~ranch ; John Coburn , Associated Iress; 1; . · • Fon.or , Chicaro Sun; Gera:d lrank, Jewi;=3h 'ieJe.crarh Acency; Sevmour Friedin , :i.~e':V York rie.raJ d 'l'ribune; 1,uth Gruber , l'Jew York i ost; Lynn Heinzerling , Associated i>ress; Jose:rh Israels , DJS anc; 'lhis v:eek; John ... acCormac , New York Times ; T/3 Arthur 1;oyes , Stars and Stripes; John PhiJ''irs , Li~e; Harold Queen , united Press; r,;ichae1 Stern , I av1cett ru· J icaticns; John H. Thompson, Chica o 'l ribtme; :rederick Yeiser, Info-rmation Services B...·anch; 'I'his was the largest press conference held. to date . General CJark left his office at ";700 and snent the rest of the evening at his vi] la . In the eveninp he pla~"ed bridee with Col . .1cCaf:t'rey and other rues ts . 1 * * * * VIENNA--FEBrUAHY 26 , 1946 - -Gene2·al Clark arrived at his office at 1000 accompanied by Col. Lattimore , an old friend of the family . At 1030 he saw Col. r:cI.e n on a court martiai case , and at 1100 he sa'.7 Liss Eleanor Benetzka . :.Jiss Benetzka act as personal interpreter for Gene, al l e•ds At 1115 J'Jr . Llike }odor anc Mr • .'.acCormac conferred v:ith General Clark on their recent trip to theBEllk-ns . General Cla.rlr saw General Tate and l.ir. :Grhardt at 1135 and called Lt . Col. .c,ar et in for a con.:'erence . rrhe hussian GoverllJ11ent has de1'1anded from the Austrian ~·overnnen t a 1 arP'e number of schi:l · in["S . In order to s to') this demand , Col. i:arget pointed out the fact that if the Austria'.'1 Governr-iPnt m9t the demands of the Ru: sians he would also demand payment of schi} 1 ini.,.S owed to the United States bv the Austrian Government, which had been passed to them for conversion . General Clarl is sending a }et-:..er to vh~ncei lor Fi[l'l iYJ. which he is fo rc eful~y poinUng out this fact . At 1215 Generel C1 ark saw General '.late and left shortly th9reafter to -r;1a 1 . to M.s villa . In the eveninr General CJ erk had guests for dinner and poker . Gene1·al Cl 9rk sent the fo lovline messa("e to the Joint Chiefs of Staff , Reference No . P- 3605 : For the past several neeks we have attempted to mal:e rro_o-ress in the Al }ied Covncil in the c'levelopment of Austria aJ on:°' economic Jines . 'l·hese efforts have been blocked b:, the veto power of the Soviet element . 'lhe most important efforts made include : 11 "2 • Clarification of German assets . 11]2 . Breakinr dovm demarcation lines to enable the free exchanp-e 0£' [Oods without gt1.ara;1tee the. t Soviets will utilize for ovm benefit . ".£ • Reduction of troops in order to relieve A stria of excessive occupation costs . 11 g. · esuJrirtion inf 1 ustria of inter- state traffic on the J.anube with th'J v · 3v1 of allo to ri:-turn to normal su,]~l" sources o 1- �11 No pro"'ress whatever has been nade on any of these matLers since the Allied (ounci1 was estab ished • .t!jach t1ne P-,ese ,..l9S-1 i ons, as well as others which vita 7 l" efl'ect the future of Austria, are raised th0 So rie+:. element 11ses ever" rne:•ns to block nroP- ss . IIIt is clearlv evident to me that Soviet policy is to prevent the establish1;1ent o.f 'u11 'ria as an econc.,ic enti t;,r wi th01 t str0n7 +,ies to Soviet teI· i tory or Soviet contro] led ar as. ·hile the Governments of the three ·,Jes tern pm1ers are atte'11.;-tin,... to reach arreenent on the vita] question of German assets , the . . oviets are removing marw ir1 1;ortant plants, resources and other economic assets from their zone . In other cas"ls, s1·cl:1 as the Zis tersdorf Oil fie] ds and the ranube Shipriw· Co:Tan;v , the,.r are taking ov0r control in srch a way that Austria must rel"lain dependent 11i-;on Soviet infJuence for years to come . 'hole pl an:ts essen 1·ial to the existence of Aus' ,ria hEave been strj Dl)ed of ,1achi, ery . O·i.hers have een nut to rmr, so] ely on production of items most reeded by the Red Jlrmy ~ ~here are indicfltions t,b'lt ·;,he Led A.rm~, is using scl1i. 1in; s obt~ined to ..-,ay troops to mAet r•a;vroJ ls o.f' civilian personnel o-;-eratinr such plants . ,~lso it is rerorted (not verL'ied) that hed troops are l1Sinr pay derived from schil= ings to purchase proyierty . 11 '.Lhe Sov:5.nts have acqi.:ired control of th3 Danube iu Hungary and .humania by their recent aereanentsv,ith these countries lAading to the es tab- ishment of joint shirpinr inte.rests . 'ihe fact that they recentl:v took over the properties of the DDSG in their Zone of .Aus t,ria , except funds deposited in Vienna banks and the · boats and docking facilities in I inz and +assau, indicate their intention to extend this control of t he Danube to inc2ude 1ustria . It is pointed out that the Soviets control north bank of the river betvreen Enns and ?assau, and have full control of tho river in 'ustria fror.i Enns to the Hunparian border . ':'hey can effe c tively bloc~ the Liver at Enns , which ther have done , and we have no r 1ay of blockinf the river between Enns and Fassau . This gives them nor1:i.naJ. control of the ..;anube from Pass au through Austria , Hungclry and F:unani a to its mouth in the B 1 ac: Sea . •11 All efforto to Cate to br:i.np a" out sett] ement of traffic on the -anube have been blocked by the Poviets . I am convinced that no prorress can be made en this sub,ject as this waterway is too vital to the econonic ife of the Danubian coun.:.riP-s 11 Sever.::-.1 attempts have been made to see - fulJ. relaxation of the der~-:rcation barriers betv10en Zon s . 'l'he SoviGts have cone-istently taken the position th~t the removal of de 1 ·,-crcation barriers is a mat ,er not v:i thin thA com·"'etence o-' the .AJ1ied Council. Their ::Cone is blocked so r,f' ·ectivel~; that i:t is almost irmosnib]e to · earn tihnt activies are takin,. place th'1rein . 'lhe SoviBt e' ement is most relt'c,,art to r-rant ras$eS for A11ied personnel , inc udin,· corros::--ondents , to visit an;r nlace in uhe Zone, or to I as.s through the L>One .. �11 'J.h9 ,'"ovie '-' elemeni:, has ref1.:.sed t o discuss reduction of troops . 'I'he :estern A1 lies are fast reducing troop.strengths in theirrespective zones . Accordinf to the best inte~ li,~ence information the 1,ed rnw in Lm,tria tota s a::,proxima-ceJ,r 130 , 000 . I;Ty troop strength now is 32 , 000 and by 1 i.pril will be 12,000 . Each time the question of redvction of troons arises 1',onev justifi the nresence of fied. /l.r!ll,· forces becm'se of the slowness of de- nazification b" the Avstrian Governmrmt and existence of 'o-1~-3ntiR r-1iJj tar~' and r ra-niJ i tar;r or 0 anizations in Austria, boti1 of which reqvire carei'u~ observation by i:;hc Sosriei:; element. 'lhe r,~suJ t of a 1 l this is thc>,t th8 Red Armv is remaining strone in tust,ria and the '/estern A• 7 ies ar'°' da~.l" growinf ,,,ealrer through redeployinent and r,=,d11ction of streno-th . furthermore, the denands made by the -rea Army 1.,pon the Al1strian Government for Schil ing to nay troops each month is r-re::.ter 'o;,r more than one- fourth the combined total oi' the three Festern AJ, ied . I or example , in Janu2r:,r the Soviets obtained 2/:3 , 000 SchiJ 1 inrs as arraiN::t 55 , 000,000 obtained bv each of the three 1'leste·,n A" 1 ied. 'lhis riJ aces a serious drain ll:;,on the economy of the countr? and ,·ives rise to inflation . 7 0 7 11 \s a ft1rth"'r indicaU on that the 0 ovi ets intAnd to maintain substantial forces :in J,ustria, the Red .Armv has ;iust placed a de"121'1( uron the Aus ...,r:i an 9.ov3 n:'1°nt for apnroximatel y 60,000 acres of farm land :in Lorn"' 'l1rtria for 11se bt the Red A..-r1ny to raise vege tabJ es and other carden prodl1 ce to feed their troons . Our ex'E>rts estinate that this acrA'1f!e is sufficient to feed 60 , 000 to 100 , 000 people for one year at 15 50 calories . 1 ·i tharavml of this 1 and fro1:1 "ns+rian econom.r will indirectlv m~an that tTIWk.A will be feed:i.1117 the Red ,Army becaPse of the necessit~r for f'reater food i'Ilports to meet Austrian deficiency due to loss of this• farm land . trBecavse of the strenctl, of th8 Soviet position in .fi,ustria j t is daily becomin::r more e:u dent t:i'"'t th ~ustrian govPrnment recop:nizes +,he inabi] it,, of t .e .est,3rn A.lliPs to cone effectivelv wit this ~...,ositjon . ':'ithin ·che "ast tno weeks the Aust'.l"ian Governm8nt has adopted th,~ strate['Y of submittinr: a counter oro::,osa 7 to each dermnd made by the Soviet element~ This indicates c:i early that the .Avs+rian Government feels it must get alonr someho,· 1 with the Soviets, am~ .1..h" + i,t is too much to expect the tJ es tern J\J l ies to cope with thG s tronP' Soviet nosition, other than to voice a protest to der. ands made which are in confJict ,Jith announced policies of' the resnective ·'estern rov0rnments. Prominent Austr:i ans ih Vienna r0n1 ize t.hey are s1.,1'rounded by So 1 riPt- held terri torv and there is little hone of e c onomic liberation under such a situation . 0 1 "At the moaent it appears to the averer-e Austrian that the best the \', es tern Al- ies can do is to sup-~ly food and otho.r es t.ential sup:'.)lies to keep down disease and unrest; tha t the presence of western a-, ied troops servr- 0 rhainlv as a hope that some so] ution to Lhe future of Aus.';ria ma,, devel or , al thou.uh that ho:ie ri -wes no imr.edi te encou:r·ar-enent . 1 11 '.J.·here is incr.,asinr' inc1 ication that our ")r0ss corresnondents arA becominr imrressed with th!=> ho!1lessness of the position of the .es tern Al1 ies and are b erinnj ncr to recornize that the \ 1este:rn J\. i s are, ca·"r?:in_a on a n:rograr h"re , wh.ich in tlw face of Soviet po] icy can onlv r;::,sul t in ,raj_ns for th'3 fovi1;t r.over:"",..,~nt with no P-rent benefit to the ,Govern.m.ents of the Western A11 i9s . Soon<>r or i a ter the ,...,ress wi] J berin to raise doubts in the minds of th8 n°ople of our count,r;r ref•ardin <t the J Pclr of benr-:'.'5.ts if we pursue the t:rpe occm ational 7 · 0 1 �role ,. e have assrnned. '1;hj s rvestion wi - r-~ow in ir•nortancr-i rrhen, and if, TlW' A t J·es ov·"r .s1r,pl Y res' onsibil i tJ' , since R"'l Y'OXima te y 7?S~ of UI:JP" .A :vnds arn deri•red fron the United States. :}-ij_l,-, J rncornize the r9s~,om;jbjljty of the Fnjted States tonard At s t riA, I an of i.he onjnion :,hat 1 ittle can be aceonplishecl toriard dischar 0 in""' +.h,..,t r·,srons:Lhji it'" untiJ th'3 r-ov.,,--nments of the four nowers adopt a r,niform po1ic·r in car:r;vinrt out the avowed intentions. i:"r 1 y satisfactor,· settlement o-r• the nuestion of German af'se ..,s rri] l do r1uch to aid in thP resto.cs.tion of Jl.ustria as an incependent, denocratic state anc.- to brinr rr>al econor.iic hopP to -i-h0 coun ~1""lr. 'l'he · es tern JJ.- ies are at I re ent bJ ocked b;,r the So-_riet veto pov:er :tn the •• 1 lied Counci arw the·· can onJ y r-i v0 lip-service to the Austrian Gove1--nment on an? ro7 ic~r "v1hich tl1 e Sovi':lts choose to adopt end 'lhich is contrary ·\o the !'0 1 icv of the .:este:rn li0s. This does not serve to accomn1ish our mis~ion no"' d 8S it increqse thA ··,resti.=e of the 'western 'llies . 'I'hc econonic .aain:::- being made b,· thP Sovi 0 ts can result on] y in eventt1.o.l roli tic al stranr·ulation if Soviet ro 1 icy is aJ.lo·.ved to continue . n 111 1 Genera] CJ nrl: sent the follo;·Ji'1r "etter to 1 :arsha1 l\.onev: "Col"lr.e.nder- in-Chief of the Sovi"'t Forces of Ocru1,ation in Austria :;arshal of the Soviet Union Iv&n' S . Lonev . r.:;}' dear ,:arshn] Eonev: This is :1.n _.e..,l;cT to your 1 etter of 22 J annar:r J 946 rep·arcUn -, the twe1 ve alleged Soviet cj_tizenG arrested at Sa] z.huro in Sem ember ] 9/ 5. TJron reoues+, fror.i the Soviet :.Iission in Salzburc in Se:;:-'1.,e'n er 19/,5, the twelve persons :-ou lj_stecl in :'ovr Jetter wnre e.r··rAhended and r,Jaced in jaiJ . Their. cases Viere investigated in October 1945 by our Counter Intel}i~ence Corrs and aJ so by a s· ecial boa re: of officers a"': ointed to determine citizenship status . As a result o · these investir·ations, it was determined that only four of the twe] ve persons a:l'.'0 8ovi9 t citizens . Kudryavtsev, Alexander Nikolaievich NikolashviJi, Elizaveta 1orfirievna KaJ yap•in, Dl11: +, 1•i tmitrovich r,:ezhevich, Vl adirni:r I[!orovich 1 s. our investiP-ations revealed that th-= ei ght remain:n(} n;,sons viero not coviet. citizens, we advised the .Sovi--t Renatrfotion dission in aJzburg on 23 Oc:ober 1945 that if any of the twelve rersons ap~2'.'ehend-8cl wer., vranted by the Soviet Union for tria 1 for Har Cr1mes, a formal request for the delivery . of each st1ch ne"sons would have to be r:iade, c:ivine- tre ;Jlace and dates of the offenses and a descr:irition of the acts which consti~uted the ',,ar crimes committed . �I. "As no charges for ·,Jar crimes W<;re resented a ·ainst any of the peorle a~ r rehended, the, eir•ht non-S~vi •t citizens were rel eased from jail in December 19/ C.. The fou Soviet citizens i:1ere held in ,jail nendinrr f1rther di::ectjves from ou.,,. Government on th"-"! n,,,stj_on of forcibl re1)atriotion , as none of ".:.he four ex~r .ssed wi} J j_nC'!less to return to the Soviet Union. U:-on receipt of your letter of 2< January 1946, a crrr,ful reviev, of all tweJ ve cases ·.vere ordered made b, a snecial boar d of officers . After careful reconside:ration of these cases, based on interviews e.nd a restudv of the evidence available, it has been concl·uded that onJy the four .,..,0rsons mentioned above are Sovi<et citizens, and the reMaininr eicht listed in your letter of 22 Janue.ry o.1·e not Soviet citizens . 11 "In the absence of any charges that the non- Soviet citizi:ms had commi tt0d ".lar Crimes, it s ar· "rent th'"l.t tl ey are not subject to forceful repatriation under an7 'lrovision of directives from our Government . 0 uo::: the four rema~.ninp persons 't'Iho aclmoi.1J ed,:.e Soviet citizonshi , one, a woman , Nickolashvili, Elizaveta, was not cantured in a Gernan uniform: was not a member of the Sovfot Armed Forces at an·• time ; and the ·e is no evidence to indicate t\'. t she vo 1 1.mtarilv gave aid and assist-'1nce to the emimy. Ls she expresses tniwil" inrness to return to the S01riet Union , she does not fal 1 \'li thin any of t,he renatri'lhl e cate ories of v1hich I advised you in m:r Jetter of 5 Janua:r:~ 91,6 . Under existinG dj_rectives, t½.erefore, she is no'- sthject to forcible reratriation . 11 'l'he r9:naininr- three Soviet citizens Kudryavtsev, AJexander Ka yap-in, Dmitri Iezh F ich, Vladimir by thei,~ cYwn admission were members of' Vl assov 1 s . F'rAe :=-:i s : ian Arn:· and , 'here• fore , fall within the cate.o-ory of thosP Soviet· citizens who ma:r be forcib y rer;atriated to the Sovic:;t Union . 'Ih se three ··ersons ni] l be del ivcred to your rer:~esen atives at Enns or Urfahr at an:v t.ime yov desire . I trt.1st that you will rromrtly advise rio of your uishes as to th. ·lace of de]iver:v of these three persons . 0 Since e1y, _JARJ. .', • CI.A..'8.K General , ~ - S. A. Commanding * * * .* �\ c·1 arl: arrived at his oi' foe at 1000 and irrn.e6ia.te v conferred ,dt½ Geno-r.qJ 'J.[:'i=; an'- ct 1030 11it h Mr . "rho.rdt . Sgt . Lixon ,7ho had been recentl" acqPitted in a court n:,.rtia 1 case for havinrr shot a. ,..1-ssian of'fjce:r saw Gene~1." c-.-.rJ.- '1t ]OL:'- , and nas foJ10-10d by Gene:::·al Foward at 1100 . General Co]] ins ~iho had arrived fo,.. a da;v 1 s insr,ection of the 2L:2nr1 Infantry talked with tho General for a short f.ime and at J 120 Jack 'lhom-nson of 1~h0 Cl1ica,·o ribtme ne 1"] ,- arrjved in 7j enna inte 1 •vj ened t 10 Gen°,..al in order to obtain some of the Gene-"a] 1 s views en various current iss'IY'S •• VIEb.TA--PEBlJ'AHY 27 , 1946--GeneraJ Gene a Cl "rl~ J e.ft his offic e at '230 to p-o to Gene"a1 McCre ery 1 s vi] la where ho had uncheon wi tb Gener:--7 ,foCreer7 and Lad,r licCreery , and Iajor and ,,rs . ,;arr . f;ajor ·:rarr is Aide- de- camp to Genera] .:cCreer J...fter luncheon GAne 'a] C""rk and Gen"'ro l llicCreer;r conferred on severa] cllrrent issued . The General r9turned to his · office at 1500 . 11'.fter conferr-·nr sho::'.'t ~' rr::i.th I,Ir . ::rhard t and General Tate , Gene:r·a] CJ ark left his headq1·arters for his vi] la · ;here he spent the rest o: the day . 0 ' General Clark sent the foJ lo·:lin Referr->nce 3627: • messa.c-e to Genera.l ;7ci'larney, CG , USFET , .rn. np1ans arc completed to accoll1f.loda.e families o:f' mi,itary an'i civilian personnel this headquarters so thr-t the~r ma? be rPceived here in April . Instructions for miJitary personneJ h·ve been r<:Jceived and ap1')lications are be 1 nc forvmrded . l]P}ET reports no worri from .,1'1r LepartT.ent with reference to trans portation of dep:mdents of civi" ian p9rsonnel. 11 Am-roximatelv 35 a0.ministrative and professiona] civi 1 ian nersonnel this heado1.1 arters , Jarre majorit;1: of them nssi"iled to key positions in military cove,..:n..-1ent , have r9quested that tbeir fal'l'lilies be a lowed overseas trans ro.,..tation rith the der,endents mi~itary p rsonnel. 'i.he' state th-t commitments were m~de.beforA ~e-viw• t1e United St:.ates triat their famiJies cou]d folJow them in six months or when the families of mi' j-caryr i::- rsonnel crme ove,·. If fa:niJ ies of civi' ian pe?."so nel of this hgarlcnia.,.ters a"e not 1,1,mnitted to come ov;.,r with oth,,,rs , it wo, ld af,' c si:;riot slv th<>ir mora . . e nnd man? wo1 lrl recuest immedfo te ~i:;J ease to return to the Unj ted States . Accordinr-1 ;r it is rc➔ commended that thAse famiJ ies be :'Armi tted to proceed to llustria at abo11t the same time as f ard J ies of n1i 1 i tary p9rs onnel . Fami 7 ies of civil inns emr1oyed by our AJ lies and those of L . S . State Lep,Ttment officials are a lready here . 0 0 1 IIT r(')'e eer 1 y n1h1ication of' rPf" l atior:.s concerninr• the ove,..s 0 as t 1 ·a11s.r-or l,El 1,j on of fa!'li] i~s of rl:i vi] ian pe,..sonnel. liITrrlP f'1ci i ties are avai' ab] e in ..lh?strin, anr' I am r-,ady to receive them in April alon~ uith thP famiJies of mjlitary ,erso:nnc] • tr * I * * * �Vli:i,hA--:ii'EB>UAf.Y 28, lgLG-- Genec'a1 C ark arrived at hiP of-foe at 0QJ0 ann immedi[ tA l ;! saw Gen0ral : nave 7y , Jenera 1 Lewis and Col . Lloyd . General Sm. vel:r, accorr.1;anied bv the oth2_ two officers, was plannin,· i.o f1;v to the States.in Gene·r•al Clark ' s B-17. Hov,ever, USIE~· did not dear the rlane so they wi11 be unable to r ake the f1irrht . '1.hP three of\'icers desired General G}ark "~o interv,.:me ,.,jth -c-c:}.r.!.:'l' in their behaJf . IIo :eve-r, t.his uas im-ros,~:lble due to new re.r1.11ations and Gener:17 Clnr.. · secured ai:c tro.ve for Genera] 1 ewis and Colone Lloyd back to th" States . 1 At 1000 hours the Gr:mero. conferred with Genera) ra+;.9 anJ then Gen°ral Mc ahon nho vras accom'aniPc' by alone .. il',-,r, d Colone} _:..,rtin for a dis cus.:,ion on ,·,91,sonnel prob} ems . l'he G ,ne -·a] left his of 'ice at 1200 and went to his vil a with Lt . Cl·=irl and Lt. Zisenhor:er where he hc.d lunch . It . C1 _rk had arrived ear] y this mo ·ning on t.he lozart to srend a fe, days i ith his father.in Jienna . 1 1 At 1630 horrs Genera] Clark returned to his of.f'ice where he cc.,nf9rred with Gene.,,.,Pl c Aron on num0rour citatioi1s which , ere ready for a"")proval. .it,h GenA1\3.l '... .,J:e and Lt. Cl "rl uhe General left his of.~ice at 815 for the Hofburg Palace -to attend the rAce· tion sponsored by .,rs . Fi1( t o raise funds for the care of Austrian chi,, ren . GenereJ Clark c'onated. 1,000 to this ft:nd . After t11e r~ce7 tjon General Clark , acconpanied bv Gene:3 and T,ad~' cCreer~r nent t o the Pristol h. orn for th"' floor s11c ·, ant J ater had a mid ni rht sr.ack served in the General ' s s1.1Fe . General Clark returned to his villa at 2400 ho11rs . * * VIENl,:..---.\RCH 1 , 19L6--·General C ark arrived at his office at 100( . At J.010 he saw ( ol. · ,ic11 on his rn.rsonal heaJ th . General c1 arl_.;: then conferred with General Tate and at l0L0 consu1 ted Genera} :c.. ,ahon and Col. ~ axson on the severe shortc.ge of personnel in the hec.dqi_"arters . :.:r . Joe Israels , war corTesr.ondent , interviewed General Clark at 1100 hours. At 1230 General Ha con of the 83rd Division and Co] . Crabill, Chief of Staff, talked wi th th8 General. The 83rd Divis ion will be l eaving f or the States next week . General C1 ark rresented Genera] i,lacon with the first Cor~",ondation Ri bbon to be },resented in Austria . Innediately after the · resent tion General Lacon and Col. Crabil: had lunch in the Cor.r.tindinl· General's Mess ·.Jith General Clark . Shortly after ll nch General Clark went to hie villa v:here he spent the rest of the day . In the evenini: he had Genera" and Lad:,v :cCreery , ..Ia,.ior and :rs . ,:arr , Col. . Yarborouch and Col. C. C. Smith at his vil J a for dinner rnr1 a ·novie "Be 1 1 s of St . ;ary • " 1 * * * �' ..... Ed· '1. ' · , ~!IENLA--:.If,ECH 2 , 1946- - GeneraJ CJ ark ar r ived ,at his ofi.'ice at 094~- and immecliately conferred with Generr.;l 'l'ate . At 1000 he ta1ked ~vith i.lr . Erhardt on the sreecl1 "!hich 8ecrPtary of State Byrnes had made in the States , in ·w hich he set forth a new anc r.mch sterner foi•eien pol ic,r towards th,q ~:uss~Lns . 'J'hjs corifirms Gen'3rAl c-:u·k 1 s actions ,'1J,< ideas on this sub·ect . At 1135 . Col . T azar and Ir . Carrol , head o.1.' the motion pie 1:,ures in th3 . .]uro-r ean The atre , ta ked nith General Cl 0.r:_ ref&rdir1r, thP possibi i tv of a 7 O''li!1£ civiJ inns to attenc1 the movies . At 1200 General c: ark tal keel aoain ;j th Jr • .!irhardt and at ]2.30 Gene r al !c iahon ·)resented r,r • .la)sh , nrofessor at Georpetorm Universjtv , anc" now com1ected with the Hv ->nberp. trials . Gener· l (' ,'-'rl' had unch with Lt . Cl"rl· at his vill a and after }t1nch mlked for an h01T . In the even~n~· he had r1;e:sts for dinner and brfrJ,-e . Gen Aral CJ r:rk sent th0 fo1J o vinP' messa,,.e recardi·1r the c:ri tic al personnel shortare in USFA, to General . cl•,rney , ref"!r0nce Ho . P- 3887: 11 1. .\1 .,hourrh I am certain that ~,rou a-re a-t.lD''G o · critical ~ersonnel short2ges deveio:ring in my coMrnand as result of redeplo:vment , I wish t o ar-ain hrin"' to your attenti on the seri011s nature of the situation r esu· ting f rom the current nersonnel attribution . 11 2 . Acc9rdinrt tc best estimates of our staffs vJOrkinv jointly on the pro Jen th9 1 oss of! 9000 i;ersonnel in I obru.?T'Y and 11000 in Iiarch 11i th tentative a l· otment of only 2000 renJ acemonts bv "md of 1arch "ril' redt'ce strenr· t h lTni ted Sta "·es ~ C-'"ces A1Js t,ria inc} ud:h"' Vienna Gar:"ison to below 15000 ers ons aFainrt Cl'rrent CY.::'B of 29000 , :inc t·c"i.w· 42, c Infantrv 1Jjyj_sion . ,1e rrj_l 7 th1_1s be short n r3onnel eouaJ .1 i, strenrth o.·" Infantrv I.iivision on c'LrrenT, 0'::'P . In effect rede~,Joyrient rithout comn-.n:catin"' rerJ acements is forcini:· my command to its J Ju])' OTB leve1 on ·, Arril . It is estimated thn+ the stren,,th o-r this, command '.'1il be further reduced by 5000 between 1 ApriJ and J. Ju] ;;r , resulting in an actual strenrth in ustri'l on 1 Jul: 7 of less than 10000, 1-nless arlc1iti onal replac ements ar e re c eived . " 3. Present. DEF and DP comitments , which are not bejnf r educ ed to keep pace wi th troon s trenc:th reductions , ma:· mal,e it imnossible .,,or mP to accoP1nl ish m;:r mission in Austrja with such reduced forces on 1 Anril. 1,ith3r (a) svbstantia1 nt t'lbP.,..,s of 1;E:Fs anrl DPs rmst be removed fror1 my ,iurisdiction befo.,,·o ] Anril or (b ) ther- must arrive in 1m2+r-i_a before 1 A ril. 1 01, o:r Medium 1ojnt r.corq re~7 ace,1ents suffj cient to nrovide strenrth of ?0000 . B,· progrPSPive red1..;ctions thereafter we 'Vi11 arrive at finaJ OTB by- J JuJ? . 0:f snedaJ need by 1 Anril is the s-=:, ~rate InfantT'lr i'e.("imont be•:w• assir,ned 011 7 July O'.I'B to replace 42nd Infantry Division , 1,7hich I 1 1nd0rstm:d r,e v1i] · lose b:r Jun.., . 1 0 11 4 . 'lhe food situation in .Austria, as pl sewh..-re in ':,he : r:lrl d , is deterioratinf" so rapidly thc1t the c i viJ ian rat:i on ir1 th° Ci tv of v:Ii.enna mav b e 1 o,.,ered to approx i m:1 tely 1000 calo:des ,i thin one week . 'l'his mo.:v result :in d:isorders 7hich :0 1d requir"' mc:re than the nv,r•=:re troop res01 rces available tone if the -rresent serious redeplo;vment attrition contjnues . 1 1 1 1 �SE 5. Austria is situ,:>. i:.ed astride a main na tura1 ro te from Po] .'"lnd and other ·astern Buropean coum~ries to .. estern Europe . dith the a..,rroach of PA.rly .Spriw and its r0s11 J tant better travel conditions th0r8 ma;:r be a J a r ge unre;-uJ ated influx of refurees , inc] udin,r.i Jewish anr1 'volksr'l.eutsch personnel . 11 6 . If relief reru-::isted in p11ra'"'raph three above canno+ be riven, pJ eflse advise me ir1rnedi "tely in order th•it I ma~r acm'nint the join-! ChiP.fs o:'.:' Btaff with the s·~riousness of the obstacles uhich ma:' m.~"'vent me from carryi n.c- out the mission which they have assipned to me . 11 11 * * * VI:8Ni-.A- - 1 1A.PCH 3 , 1946- - General CL rk s r;ent the da:7 at his villa , ta_ in a J onr rmJk ~n the morn:'.ng . He had "vnch with Lt . Clark and in the eveninr had auests for dinner and poker o General Clark received the following reply to his message to the War Department ' (P-3605); Joint Chief of Staff, War Department, Washington: "Reference P-3605. ment for consideration. of difficulties you face fundamental problems, of ' * Problems raised have been passed to State DepartYou will be informed of the results. Serious nature recognized here and efforts are going forward to solve which matters you mention form an essential part." * * * VIENNA--MARCH 4, 1946--General Clark remained at his villa during the day and worked at his office there. He had General Tate for lunch and discussed several current issues, including the food problems, and in the evening had General McMahon for dinner. * * * * VIENNA--MARCH 5, 1946--Genera1 Cl ark arrived at his office at 0930. At 0950 he saw General McMahon who introduced Col. Garrison. At 1020 General Tate tal ked to General Clark and at 1045 the Gene r al saw Col. Grogan~ -Col. Smith, Headquarters Commandant, was called in for a conference at 1110 and later in the morning General Cl ark conferred. with Mr. Erhardt. The General had lunch at 1300 hours in the Commanding General's mess with General Sullivan, Col. Langan, and other members of his staff. At 1400 Gener al Clark saw Col. Stephens, Head of D. P. Branch and later saw Gen. Howard. At 1455 General Cl ark began a long discussion of this subject with General McMahon, Col. Grogan; Col. Martin and Col. Klein. The General left his off ice at 1630 and walked. to his vill a where he spent the remainder of the day. ( f �I' ) Gener al Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference No. P-4001: 11 0urad P- 3988 send 4 M arch to US Military Mission Moscow, AGWAR and USFET replies to WARX 98920: 11 In this connection and for your information am quoting below letter I received from Marshal Konev and my reply thereto. "Letter from Konev dated 1 March: "Dear General, "~t the trial of the case of Technical Sergeant of the .American Army, Shirley Bell Dixon, it was proved beyond a reason of a doubt that Dixon purposely kill ed the Soviet officer, Captain Klementiev and wounded Senior Lieutenant of the Red Army Salnikov. 11 As was admitted by the American prosecutor on this case, Major Sessions, Dixon's acts constitute a crime as prescribed accordingly in the 92nd and 93rd articles of War of the iAmerican Arrrry . ttNotwithstanding the complete proof of the commitance by Dixon's serious crimes, which were directed toward an officer of an Allied Army, the court martial of the American Occupational Forces under the chairmanship of Colonel Tainley (Stanley) Grogan ' brought out a verdict of not guilty for the slayer. 11 The acquittal of the named murderer, whose guilt was proven beyong a reason of a doubt, cannot be construed in any way other than an unfriendly act towards the Red Army. "Thl.s unf'.air verdict created a sad impression to all the soldiers and officers of the Soviet armed forces in Austria, as well as on wide social circles in t he Soviet Union. "What more this verdict has created dissatisfaction in view of the fact that you personally, oral ly and in writing, mor e than once assured me that Dixon will be severely and justly punished . "I am obliged to register a strong protest against the above verdict and to insist that this decision be revoked and the case reopened under a newly composed court. "I hope that the American Command does not agree with this unquestionabl e erroneous and unjustifi ed verdict and that the command of the "4.merican occupational forces will take all necessary measures to eliminate misinterpretation of the law by the judicial division of the American Occupational Forces and to reestablish justice that has been violated by the court." ts/ Koniev Marshal of the Soviet Union I �"My reply dated 4 March: 11 Dear Marshal Konev: "I have your letter of 1 March concerning the trial of Sergeant Shirley B. Dixon of my command. I am astounded at the view you take of this case. It . is clear from your letter that you are not familiar with all the facts brought _ out at the trial, and that you have not been ful l y informed concerning the system of @ilitary justice prescribed by the laws of the United States. "Before touching upon the case, however, I must correct the impression you apparently entertain that I assured you that Sergeant Dixon would be severely and justly punished. I most emphatically deny making such a statement, and must advise you that such a commitment by any commander in our _forces prior to trial of an accused would be most undignified. Punishment can be inflicted. onl y by due process of law which, in this case, required conviction and sentence by court-martial. Had Sergeant Dixon been convicted, just punishment would have been inflicted as required by law. "Under our system of military law the court is sworn to reach a verdict of guil ty or not guil ty based on the evidence presented to it. It observes the demeanor of the witnesses who are themselves under oath and subject to cross~ examination. It judges the credibility of the respective witnesses and carefully weighs the evidence for and against the accused. In this case, all members of the court were carefully selected from experienced officers of unques tioned integrity, and I hwe no basis for doubting their honesty, sincerity, or conscientious performance of duty. Your own official observers at the trial, headed by Colonel Yudenkov, stated near the end of the trial that they were impressed with the tmbiased and impartial manner in which all the facts had been presented to the court and commented that they thought the officers comprising the court were of high calibre and conscientious in the performance of their duty. I must . add that :under the .Articles of War governing the Armed Forces of the United States, no commander has the power to nullify an acquittal of an accused and cause a re• trial where the trial has been conducted in accordance with law. Therefore, the verdict of the court will stand. The court record in this case will be carefully studied for any technical flaws, in accordance with our usual procedure . "I am convinced from your letter, and from the reports in your press, that much of your difficulty in accepting the verdict of the court as fair and based on the evidence is due to the fact that your Tass representatives did not correctly report that evidence. They did not mention the fact, clearly ,established in the evidence by American witnesses and by Senior Lieutenant Zharkov, that Ca ptain lelementiev drew a pistol on Sergeant Dixon; they accuse :American witnesses as sayi Sergeant Dixon started a quarrel and did not make it clear that Dixon was performing his duty to keep tmauthorized personnel off the !American train and was resisted. in the performance of that duty by Captain Klementiev. They did not report that Captain Klementiev boarded the train a second time after being once ejected; they quote Lieutenant Zharkov as saying Dixon rudely pushed the Soviet officers out of the car, which is not according to t he testimony of tieutenant �( Lieutenant Zharkov given at the trial under oath; they place great importance up:>n the speech of the Trial Judge Advocate at the concl usion of the case in summing up the evidence favorabl e to the prosecution, as was his duty. It is unfortunate that you, the Soviet Army and Soviet people do not base your concl usions on the evidence which the court was sworn to consider, rather than on the distorted views of newspaper reporters. I alil more reliably informed and have no hesitancy :in accepting the obvious concl usion of the court that Dixon fired in the reasonable exercise of the right of self-defense at a time when he had every reason to expect further violence from one who had only a few seconds before threatened him with a deadly weapon. "I sincerely regret that this incident has occurred but I do not feel that the acquittal of Dixon constitutes an "u.nfriendly act towards the Red .Army. 11 The unfortunate incident was provoked by the unauthorized act of the Soviet personnel in boarding the train and the threatening act of Captain Klementiev. The Court decided Dixon acted in accordance with his duties in ejecting them from the train and no law or duty required him to forfeit the right of selfdefense •. "As I have stated to you on many occasions I am most eager that relations between oux respective forces be of the highest order, and I assure you that I shall do everything in my power, as in the past, to see that this standard is maintained. I am certain you share tlids same view. ;, Sincerely, ( /s/ * * Mark w. Clark General , U. S.A. Cornmanding11 * * VIENNA-~MARCH 6, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 and after having walked from his villa with General Tate. He :immediately conferred with Mr. Erhardt. At 1030 he saw Gen. McChrystal, head of ISB, on the sugject of UNRRA publ i~ity and at 1100 held a promotion ceremony at which time he al so ·presented Col. Joseph Burrill with the Oak Leaf Cluster to the Legion of Merit, and also promoted his aide,Lt. Traugott, to Captain. Tweighty-etght promotions and decorations were made in all. At 1130 General Clark saw Dr. Pernter and Mrs. Kauders who thanked the General in person for his generouB contribution of $1,000 for the weJ.fa~-e of the Austrian children. At 1140 General Clark held a surprise conference at which t ime he decorated the following officers: Col. Leo Langan, Col. George H. Mccaffrey, Colonel Deutsch, Colonel James Rundell; Col. Frederick Stephens, Lt. Col. L. H. Landau, Lt. Colonel Arthur Marget • 1 . \ r � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, January 8 - March 5, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from January 8 - March 5, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1672 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/37a1303385e3556292bc3fa82986ef2f.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=i2K2d4J5tvUUa-3euq5rL7QBVH-kKDCUV4KScDOf1R2SkgZxIKq29w7KDvw1flv920Sq51yatGcNVuQKnzDIDKLaYNMrFsh4a0ywEB4brNfwdS1LVXMWskNxQ%7ED64Enc7M3xq-vVWSdU95qD0j26KcvE-pGDIhdIW0RwUew1Oq2dPlx5y6fXanK4xOXWp12O6U-nz%7Ecc99jKPv978luxlMaVyHbwOzhWghcVn4hKf3ZPgqtHaxpq0V%7EbjailHGFY8fZXVVFiErxVk68gT47nXJBoev%7E4ZUfSCBD4XhMooI00bjEZNwkzpt1r556%7EZyA40HR59hY0fsbHuVZHoFsstg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f99025ecc4c2db2e85769376d0070685 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM General Clark sent the following birthday message to Lt. General Geoffrey Keyes, Commanding General of the Seventh .Army, Reference No . P-4546: ttJ extend my heartiest congratulations to you today on your birthday . You can view the year just finished with pride and satisfaction in your accomplishments, and in the achievements of II Corps whose gallant efforts WfFe of indi spensible aid in our great victory over the enemy in the Mediterranean last May . I send my best wishes . for your continued health and good fortune, and for the welfare of all members of y01.. r command. 11 * * * * VIENNA--OCTOBSR 31, 1945--General Clark arrived in his office at 0930 accomp:1.nied by Lt . William Clark . General Clark immediately conferred with General Tate who was followed by General Brann and General Gruenther. At 1400 hours General Bethouart visited General Clark. At 1430 hours General Clark called Col. McJLean to his office to discuss a serious court Martial case . Comdr . Musmanno conferred with General Clark for a few minutes in regard to a biography which he is writing about General Clark, and received the General's approval to print several pictures of him in his book. General Clark left his Headquarters at 1500 hours for his villa where he rested until 1600 hours at which time the General gave a cocktail r,:arty at the Bristol Hotel for General Gruenther who is leaving Headquarters . The General left the Bristol Hotel at 1830 hours for his villa where he had dinner with several members of his staff, and later played poker with his guests . General Clark sent the following cable to General Hull, War Department , Reference No . P-4733: 11 I left with you on 13 October radio from Gruenther which I received in Washington regarding request from General Bethouart for issue of certain comrx:,nents American ration to French troops in Vienna . Hope you will have favorable word soon as situation is becoming a little embarassing.11 The\ following message was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff from General Clark in regard to the Allied Council meeting, October 30, Reference No . P-4 752: �1. Little was accomplished in Allied Council meeting 30 October lthough Koniev 1 s personal r9lations continued to be friendly I had definite impression that he was operating_under instructions from !toscow to be tough with 7Iestern lie,s. 11 u2 . Yle made no progress toward settlement of the two most important items on agenda, namely Reservation of Governmental powers to Allied Council and Currency Conversion for Austria n3 . Soviet resolution which was basis for discussion of reservation of powers was as follows· (1) Foreign Aff irs and Diplomatic representation, except in the case of countries who are members of the Allied Council . (2) Demarcation and alteration of frontiers and lines of demarcation . ( 3) Disp];.eced per.sons and repatriation (4) Measures for _demilitarisation on land, water and air ( 5) Regulation of all questions relating to the property of f r eigners . (6) Tr_ade and financial relations with foreign countries , except those countries which are members of the Allied Council. 11 4. Cons.i erable discussion took place in connection with points one and six. My ,r:osition was that those proposals struck at basic policy of control of Austria by the Allied Council since it would permit unilateral action on foreign affairs, trade and financial relations . I stated further that our governments established Allied Council as machinery to contr ol Au.stria and U S . Govermnent expects to do business through the Allied Council British and French supported this position . u5 . everal amendments were proposed to make points one and six a.c ceptable includj ng elimination of words rrexcept those countries which are members of Allied Council u but Koniev would not accept a_ny modification . It was agreed to report disagreement to our respective governments . Points 2 , 4 , 4 , and five were agreeable to all but it was decided to suspend communication of any reservations to Austrian Provisional Government until points one and six are settled . I consider that controversial points are important to Allied Council Control in nustria and I shall not give in to Soviet point of view unless instructed b? you to do so . �n6 . ~y message PV'- 4685 gives Soviet ttitude in Council meeting concerning currency conversion In my opinion we are going to lose the battle because the Soviets can stall long enough until their proposal will be the only logical one . From standpoint of logic we have defeated them ·at every turn and their attempts to answer our arguments are indeed feeble . However, they always end up by stubbornly insisting that their proposal is the only correct one . I introduced the proposal for a tripartite conversion for the purpose of throwing consternation into Soviet ranks and it gave them quite a jolt . However I h2ve no hope that it will have any real effect in forcing a change in their position . n * * * * VIEN:t-:JA - NOVJ.i~LBEH 1, 1945- General Clark arrived at his office at 0900 accompanied by Lt . Clark . rt 0930 he presented Hr . MacElligott , Warra.nt Of fie er , the Legion of h1erit . h'ir . Ilac.r!illigott had been with the General ever since the days in 2ngland and is now leaving the Headquarters for the States for discharge . Commander IJ1usmanno conferred with the General on the book which he is to write o.nd the pictures to be used With General Gruenther, General Clark departed from the Cub strip by L-5 at 1200 hours to fly to Horsching airfield at Linz Here .at 1300 hours he met General Eisenhower who was accompanied by General Raymond Moses The four Generals then rode to General Clark' s lodge, Dietlgut, in Hinterstoder Valley where they were to spend a few days hunting They arrived at the lodge at 1500 and spent the rest of the afternoon and evening playing cards . General Clark sent the following message to Lt . General Geoffrey Keyes, Connnanding General of the Seventh nrmy , Reference No . P 4800: Many thanks for your thoughtful message on my promotion. I realize it was made possible by the great help and great help and cooperation of commanders like you, and fightfag units like II Corps I send you my best wishes ., tt 0 * * VIE:Nr A Nor lBER 2, 1945- General Clark accompa·n ied by General Eisenhower General Gru,~nther and General Moses left the hunting lodge at 0830 and spent the entire morning hunting in Hinterstoder Valley . General Eis enho wer shot a c hamois, thereby becoming the chief jaeger of Hinterstoder Valley. The party returned to the lodge at 1300 hours and spent the rest of the day playing c ards and talking . * * * �VIENN - NOV11:'1BER 3·, 194-5-- Genere.l Clark accompanied by General Eisenhov:er , General Gruenther, and General lV:oses left the 1 odge on a hunting trip at 0845 and returned 8.t lJ00 . No game was shot during the morning. After lunch the party spent the afternoon talking , visiting and playing cerds . * * VIE.r: NJ - NOVEllBE 4, 1945 - General Clark accompanied by General Eisenhcwer , General Gruenther and General loses left the lodge at 0900 and drove to . Horsching airfield at Linz where General Eisenhower departed in his C- 47 at 1100 . General Gruenther accompanied General isenhower to Fr-=nkfurt , beginning h;is return trip to the States . This was the parting of two old friends , after having spent three years of continuous service together . General Clark r eturned to the lodge by L- 5 arriving at 1130 and went hunti.ng in the afterno on with Lieutenant Clark returning to the lodge at 1900 . This time the General shot his first chamois • • t 1500 in the afternoon General Saltzman , Gi:meral Tate and Colonel Grogan arrived a.t the hunting lodge to epend a few days hunting . In the even:i..ne the party played cards and retired early . * VI JN! - NOVEUlB.t.f-:. 5, 1945- General Clark accompG.nied by General Tate a.nd General Caltzman with Col onel Grogr n left the lodge at 0800 in two sep.Jrate hu.nting parties . 1'hey spent the entire day hunting, returning to the lodge at 1700 .. Both Genff·•al Clr.;;.rk and General Tate shot a chamois but neither G@.neral Saltzman nor Colonel Grogan had any luck The party again spent the evening playing cards . * * * * VIE1'1:fl--NO\l civ1BER 6, 1945 - General Clark, General Tate , General Saltzm n and Colonel Grogan dep3.rted from the lodge cub strip at 0910 and arrived at the Vienna. cub strip at 1025 . Generfal Clark rnnt imr.edit.. tel.,r to his of:"ice where he took care of accumul2ted. co!'respondence . Later he conferred with Gener 1 B.rarm und General Tate and in the aft ernoon he saw Colonel Lazar In the evening he had dinner vdth Lt . Clark at his villa rn.t..--HOVEIHBI~ 7, 1945--Gener--l Clark arrived at the office at 0915 a.c companied by Lt . Clark . At 1000 he presented Colonel Negroni c.nd Captain 'alvioio , of the Italian lriilitary Mission with the Bronze Star hledal At 1030 Genera l Clark was interviewed by Desmond Tighe , Reut9rs , British Corresi:ondent , who desired to obtain muter ia l for an article on Gsncral Cl· rk as the most successful General in .. ustria , sholving how a fighter became a dip~oat. 1 t 1100 General Clark was intervi~wed by ' Jillia.m E . T .ylor of the Stars and Ctripes . Doctor ~ch'.':artz, Chairman of the· Joint Distribution Committee ( Je·iish) for surope , had a conference with General Cbrk at 1130 on the subject of Jewish Displaced ?er sons General Clark left his office after having VI.c �lunch, returning to his villa . . t 1615 he left the villa for Hofburg Palace to attend ltarshal Koniev s reception in honor of the 28th Anniversary of the Red Revolution General Clark returned to his v illa at 2300 . General Clark sent the following message to General Eisenhower Reference No . P 5201 Today on the third a0niversary of our North frican invasion I off e ~ ·my congratulations and sincere best vdshes and those of my assoc iates here at USFA to you , the leader of that great enterprise . All Americans, especially those of us who made the landings under your inspiring leadership, will always recall vlith pride and satisfaction that first vital step in our carrying the war to the enemy . Ve shall ever be indebted to your guidance which insur9d the success of that operation , and which led us to the finaly victory last May . u 0 NA- NOV '.IBE!R 8, 1945- -General Clark arrived at his office accompanied by Lt Clark.at 1000 . He immediately saw General Brann and also Colonel Grogan on publications ., He next saw General Tate vrho was followed by Iv1r VI Christenberry who arr.ived from Frankfurt last evening . 11r . Christenberry is on a $pecial mission to Austria for the purpose of organizing winter sports resorts and rest centers .. General Clark later conferred vJith Genera.1 Brann and General Sulli:v. n and at 1230 left the office accompanied by General Sullivan, ir . Christenberry and Lieutenant Clark to have lunch at his villa . Later in the afternoon he hiked with Lt . Clark and- in the evening had dinner in his s1-;ite at the Hotel Bristol He returned to his villa at 2200 hours and retired . General Clark received the following message from General "'isenhower , Reference No '- 30795 :. "Th· nk you very much for your telegram sent me on the anniversary of our North Jifrican invasion . That was the first battle test for the llied Command and marked the begirming of a development in llied cooperation that attained an unparalled success resulting primarily from the selflessness and devotion to duty of all members of the team . I remember that arudous night of 3 years ago that you and and our associates spent in the Gibr altar tunnels , and the great erllaration the following morning when it vms definitely proved that the Allies were upon the march and that the beginning of the beginning of the end was there I shall always owe you personally a great debt of' gratitude for the wonderful support and assistc nee you rendered me during that period. n · * * * �VIENN --NOV ~:~B R 9 , 1945--General Ch,rk arrived at his off foe in Headquarters at 0900 . He immediately saw Gener~l S(. ltzrnan who was follov,ed at 0930 by ColonP.1 Joe Starnes who is making tour of Europe to get an over - all pict1.1re of the economic sitwtion He t lked with General Clark concerning the outlook in ustria ~t 1000 Gene·--9.l Cl'Jrk snw Colonel Mo.rget concerning the monetary conversion problem and s:iortly thereafter talked v.rith Lt . ,col. Halloran , 1i:PC , represent.r-i_tive from SHAa\ , Colonel Hallor--n {1esired information from General Clark concerning the advisability of keeping the · JACS as a permanent pa.rt of the army , making th em reserves , or fully disbandine them . General Clark has always been well pleased with the WACS . At 1100 hours General Clark attended a decoration and promotion ceremony of the officers at USFA which was held in front of the Headquarters building .. A comrany from t.he 4?nd Dhrision made up the Honor Guard . Among those decorated was General Flory , Head of US,,,CA , who was awc:...rded the Legion of Merit by General Clark Imrnedi~.tely 3_fter the ceremony 1hr Erhardt , rolitice.l advisor, conferred wi.th Gene-rs.1 Clark and at 1230 General McCreery , Commander-in-Chief of the Bri-Lish troops arrived with Mr . r.·ack, British politicRl advisor for a conference . At 1/4.00 they had luncheon in the Command1-ng General ' s mess in Headqt.arters , and shortly after General Mccreery and Hr . Mack left for British Headq_uarters . 0 I ( At 1500 Mr . Joseph Zielich presented General Clark with a statu ette of George 1 'ashington which is a replica of the statue v1hich ustr:i.a presented to the Jnited Sta.tes in 1932 in commemor'1tion of the two hundr edthbirthda:T of the first President of the United States ., General Clark left his lier d quarters and 1rialked to his villa at 1550 hours and in th.e evening im.-j_ted Count Larisch and his two sons, a.nd daughter- in- law to his villa for dinner . * * * 7IErn.TA NOVEiiiBER 10, 1945 Gen9r 1 Clark arrived at his offic e at 0830 and immediately conferred witb Gen8Y'Bl Rrann anr~ Mr . Erhe.rdt on the forthcoming Allied Council I':eetjng. All the topics on the agenda for the me9ting wer9 discussed . Colonel MBrget was called in for the conference when the problem of monetary c>orivers:ion was discvssed . Gen~ral Hov1a.rd saw Gc~n8ral Clark at 1000 and at 1045 Gener"'l ClHrk left his Headc1'Larters with General Brann to '-' ttend th9 "llied Council keeting :vhich bsted until 1545 . Immediately after the meetj_ng Gener:- 1 Clark returned to his Fet1dqParters wh1?,re he held a press conference and shortly thercqfter General Clad: l,gft his Headquarters for • his villa . In the e1 r1::mine- at 1845 hours Gener&l Clark gave a bvff et supper nd a n1L::ten in" on the A•rmy ...·Notre-Dame game, for forty - eight members of his Headquarters . The score of the game was M5-0, rmy, Colonel Sarnot:ce ,nd Colonel OstlPr splittin1s th9 pot . 1 0 ¥ General Chrk µent the follo"Ting message to General George S. lati.on, tTr., Commarn·1ing Genera] of th~ 15th ;~rmy . ( �9l Today on your birthday I offer you my he 1.rtiest congro.tul:::ttions , and those of my l \..FA associ tes .. Your brillic..nt armored thrusts spearhe dingmanr of our •urope-n attacks , nd your superlative record es one of the out standing b ttle leaders of this v,zr r , shv.11 '?Ver be renembered in American )ilitary History J1"c y this armiversary be a mo::t enjoyable one for you . I send best wishes for your continued health and happiness in the years ahe,n.d . n 11 0 * VIEH TA--NOVl:'.d'.BER 11 , 1945 -Gener' 1 Clark left hL villa at 0700 hours to go to Sal ,burg . After driving to Linz he took a .. 25 from Horschine airfield which was piloted by Lt . Colonel Eartjn , Base Commnnder , c.nd landed at Salz burg, at 10/15 hours . The Gen8-c.l was met by General Harry Collins , Cor:rrnander of the 42nd Di v:i sion anc 1---.ter dcC'orated him with th9 Silver Stqr and the Distinguished Service iTedal. Later in the day Gene,--al CJ..~rk drove to Im1sr ck where he was received by Generr-1 ethouart who vJill be the General I s host for the next fevv days Gen-3ral ei, rk ;:1.nd General Bethouart had · planned a s. tort hunting trip . General Clerk sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, ,'ITa shir gton, D .. C. (Report to the Secretary of State) , J.eference No . P- 5538: ( 01 . J' llied Counc_· 1 me <1t ing held 10 November . General relations good . vi dent Russio.ns O!"}err:t5 ng under !.:oscow orders on currency conYersion and resorv'3.tion of governmental powers . On b .sis of conversation tods.y with Koniev I fee more hopeful of satisfactory agreement on ci.::rrency conversion . Koniev expressed hope I was not serious abot1t conversion by zones . I assured him I vms unless he vmuld be reasomhle . Koniev will report 0 1..r conversion to his governrnent and hopes for fa.voroble instructions by middle of next week . Koniev e:xr,ressed personal agreBment in general \7ith follovr:i.ng principles insisted upon by U,j , ritish and French elements and accepted by Austrians ., a. Conversfon of Reichcm~_rk enrl _.i.ff Schilling notes a bove 5 schillings into l\.ustrian national schillings to be[:in 10 Dec ember . b ! llocation o f 2500 million schillings for civilian needs at outset of comrersion, to be supplemented by proi:ortion o· cur~·· ent note pro ductfon in weeks irnmedi tely folloriing until totc.l of 3300 million schilJ :tngs for ci.vilirm needs is r9ached .. c . r::ili-!::a.ry needs to be taken from baln.nce of estimrited stock of L:500 million schillin~s expected to be available in December of allocation among four :r;owers to be on rei13onabl9 ha.sis d . If 4000 million not then available, allocation for civilian needs 1vill not be reduced below initial 2500 mil lion consj_dered minimum necessr.ry for ,.uPtriR.n eco nomy . �e In deciding an amount and 11ature of blockin3 necessary , we should take a.dvice of 1-tu:=:trian~ and in any case inc]ude a clatse gi ring .P Uf' · rians discretj o:n. in rel e!J si nr; strj ngency of blocking me(. surcs . rt2 . On question of governmental po,·rers reserved by Allied Council ea.ch member stated he had consulted his government and stj_ll ma.int-:i.ined the position he had t,.k9n at 30 October rrt8'=tj ns, rAported in my P4 752, i e Koniev insisted on points one and six a.s they st nd in para 2 tb~rein, other pov1ers would not accept either of them with exception clauses there in "3 . s1,.ed l~oniev wheth r I ,Aras to unrlerst nd he wanted 1.milat r-al a ction on im}X)rtant things like trade and financial rel- tions with which .utl.C agreement ch rges Allied Council He ::lrgued his formulr:... did not do this s·7~n-=, Co tncil had recognized EennAr Government def--icto f nd r '2R had don,:) so dejure-. I pointed out this me~mt recogni 17 ing supreme · authority in Renn -,r Government rather than in Cou.ncL . He merely ref erred to 20 October letter to Renner . 11 4 I 0 In discussion of proctic, 1 effects of vnilateral versus joint actj_on be digresse to Potsdam greement "by v1hich Soviet Governmsmt was g:jven ri ht to all Germon ~ssets in ...,astern .Austrian , saying thu.t any differences abcut its me, . ning .ere for set-i-lemgnt between Governments and not by Allied Council . "5 . I pointed out I wa discl ssing methods not substc.nce end uggested Political Advisors withdraw to try to record proposal.. ihen they were unable to agree I sugf·ested we may have be'3n mist::i.lrnn in ➔.,rying to list specifi c powers to be reserved and that we had perhaps better drop the attempt and try a new eppro"ch based UiJOn fact · 11ied Councj_l i., supreme authority and specific reservations therefore unnecessary . 'Ihis threw constern-:. tion into So~rir➔t gro1 p which then egan pre·ssing for immediate adoption of thAir first five t:oints leaving sixth to later consi · eratj on . tt6 . e decided to let politic· 1 advisors reconsider whol1:; .__ uestion for specfal r.1eeting of Council on Frj_day next . u7. Before adjotming I announ ed thqt my Government vdll designate Erh .rot as !X)litical rBpresent.o.tive to the Atistrian Government 3.nd receive a political repret1entati ve of it in Jashington . IvlcOre,:,ry made similar statement ': bo -1 l' 1 ack . rnfortvrntely Koniev seized this opportunlty to say our action paralleled theirµ an< t.h re rrJus, therefcre , no longer any reason not. to @"J.~ee with their formula for repr 0 eentation . I stressed t:e~t this Wt?.S in no \'1ay to circumvent Council , that Erhardt would continue t o sit beside me as my !X)litical hdv:i sor anf th- , Austro rrArican aff irs would continue to e h;:1ndle . throu h the Council as err.:>tofore . 0 11 8 . In addition Allied Council approved : (1) one hundred nineteen decrees of Renner Government found nobjectionable by all powers and five �93 decrees with cert2in amendments (2) Disposal of war material ccor ding to Berl:tn agreement (3) adripartite censorship of civilian communications in Vienna (4) Acceptance of military missions from Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia under Article 12 1 C agreement ( 5) sking respective Governments to make representa.tions to Yugoslovin, Hungr~ry :md Czechoslovakia concerning expelling Germans into /.usttia. and l tter to German Control Counc_l on repatriation Reichsdeutsche and disposal of Sud et.ens and other Volksdeutsche n 0 * VIEI:iTA NOVt~ rn R 12 1945 General Clark was away from Headquarters and the guest of General Bethouart in Innsbruck * VI 1_ 1NA- NOV~,1BER 13 1945 of General Bethouart . * * * * General Clark visiting in Innsbruck as guest * * * VIENN1 - NOVE:EBER 14, 1945 General Clark arrived in Salzburg at 1100 hours and h d lunch with General Collins, leaving for Vienna shortly thereafter . He arrived by car at his villa in Vienna at 1930 hours and hnd dinner . The General retired after dinner . * * * VIENNA N0Vrnv1BER 15 , 1945 General [lark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and imrriediately saw General Brann . At UOO he was inter11iewed by John Dos Passes , writer for Life Magazine , who is on his way to the trials in Frankfurt . Colonel Grogan accompanied Mr . Pas sos . At 1130 hours Liiss Jane Kemon , granddaughter of Mrs . Kimb9.ll resident of the Kennedy 1Narren Apartments in Washington, D saw the General She is now working in the Air Division , l SFA . Shortly thereafter John La.risch , son of Count Lnrisch, talked with General Clark for a short time General Clark had lunch at · 1300 hours follo 1 dng which he saw Colonel Hieb , Medical officer . At 2015 Lt . Colonel Charles ;i . Thayer , who has acted as the General ' s Russian interpreter, was presented with the Legion of Merit, after which General Bethouart conferred with General Clark in his office . Upon General Bethou.art 1 s deplrture, General Clark dictated letters for Mrs M. W. Clark and Miss Ann Clark. After conferr:ing with Mr . :ili-hardt , General Clark walked to his villa with General McMahon . In the evening he had dinner with friends at the Bristol Hotel c., 1 General Clsrk sent the following congratulatory message to The Hon . John J . McCloy , Asst . Secretary of Vvar, Reference No P- 5816: �.( "Congratul tions upon your splendid perform,ince of duty an~ effective support of our fifhtfog armies in the rreat3st war in history . Your tire less energy, dynamic force , great intelligence and backg;round of combat service :in ;orld ~"Jar I were of immense aid to the men who did the fighting in Italy and throughout the world . May you after a vrell e~1rned rest resume your activity in our nntion 1 s interest . My officers and men bid you Godspeed and good luck n General Clark wa:=.: unable to ttend the openj ng session of the Intern, tional Military Tribunal in Nur nberg, and sent the follovling message to the Hon . Robert H Jackson , U .s . Chief of Counsel , Nu.rnberg, Germany , Reference No . P- 5813: ''I regret that a meeting of the 1'.llied Council schedvled for Tuesday November 20 in Vienna , prevents my accepting your invitation to attend the openjnf sessi n of the Internc.tionr-ll j..Iilitary Tribunal in Nurnberg . I apprecir:>te your thoughtfulness i.n inviting 1r,e a.nd in making billeting arrangements for my stRy there had I been able to attend . I send my sincere best wishes , and those of my ssociPter; Rt SFA, for your success in brino-ing to full ~nd speedy ,justj ce all those guilty of war crimes in Germany . rt * VIENl - NCV · tBER 16 , 1945- General Chrk arrived at his office at 0900 hours where he sp,ke shortly with Colonel Nygo. d . The Gener-~l then talked with General Salt zman General Brann and Colonel Tu~arget conferred with General Clark on the forthcoming Allied Council meeting . r~r . Erhardt ~lso joined the conf9rence which lasted until 1030 hours . General Clark left immediately for his off ice in the Inter- Allied Col'T'miss:..on and at 1100 hours attefided the Allied Council meeting which lasted until 1800 hours that evening . _ Currenc~r convers:i.on was the. main topic for disc1::ssion , and a favorable decision was rendered . General Cle_rl: had nress conference :3t 1815 hours and after entcrtaininf the press in the . Commandj ng Qeneral ' s Iv1ess left for his villa and retired . General Clar}· received the following message from USFEr , signed by General Patton "Prior to his depirture from the Theater, Gen9rc=-.l ~isenhovl/er directed t,r,~t the following messag~ be read to all memberG o: your comrn~nd: u 1 On Novewber the 22nd , Americans all over the vorld will together celebrate Thanskgi,dng Day ., This year more than any for m::my years :past we h nve truA ca.use for full gr, t ·tude; this y ar has brouf)it the r" entry of neace and freedom j_nto the civilized worlc. Let us, therefore , offer our· earnest Hnd h Rrtfelt thanks for the great vfotory th D.t has been given us , and for the right we now hold to continue o T l•=1bor-s towards last· ng world peace .. 0 �0ur work is not yet finishcde .ve must no➔ allow ou::·sel ves on this de y, in turning our tho -e;hts to t.he µ1st, to fail to give serious thought to the . uturc . e have assided in the rebirth of a free world; we must now ss:i.st in its bnsic education that it may evolve into one forerer free . Our weaf.X)ns in this ne'"l to.sk must be ourselves --- our gviding example and .ttitudee, an our earing in he mjdst of others . 11 n:,!e ar over'"'.~ s -- way from home , helpine: to rule nd form the minds of a misled people, as the representatives of a gre,. + democracy a democracy :,hie 1 '."e rrve dedicated to th8 true est8.blishment of the welfare and dimity f ma 01 enrth . Ot..r former enemy, whose country we or cupy -,ust look to us for guidance and example . The obligations Ne have , 1us imposed ·cror.. ourselves are at once obvious and j_mmenso; we c. n meet them only by remembering our basic rec.sens for f~_ghting th.ls war and comforting ourselves "'Ccordjngly .. 1 "l'..e can edvcate only as we 101.d . In ·.heir past blindness these people have len+ themseb0s Jo the purposes of tyrar.inical dict~torship; it is only through ed· cation ovm· ' long period that le can uilrl . n + hem the enlighte:oen spirit ..,hich will f' itself breed futur .:. :::eacc . to rr::iGt , -:here.fore , exc t ov.r f:3Very ef!'ort +o se-: -:lvyays an example of fairness · nd correctness, e.nd of firmness tempered with justice not only in our dealing with those we now go-·ern, but in ..,.11 our actions amongst them. 1 'e mus moet th'7 s ch~llenge ·iith tho s~rre st0--1dfrstn0Gs of purpose n_ ich has made it !=OS sj_,J~e for t~~) -tc '., th"'nkful for the e-,; ents of' the rnct ;{t;'.rs . n * ~r:I:r:U~ Jry~:r1~.. Bli 1. 1 7, 191,5 -Gener:-1 '1.r:: ~.:-rived 9.t tis office · t 1000 hours and conferred .rith General Brann and G~neral 'l'ate for qvite sometime. Lr. Christ enberr-y talked vrith General Cl-~rk for c. short time G13ne::-n:t_ lark then conferred with Colonel Porter concerning pl~ns for later in the day ,. fter wr j ch General Cl rk saw Colonel Grogan a_nd Mr. Dem<J.roe 1=>ecs .. Mr . Bess is a war corres);:ondent who had been 11i th the General pre-riously . /.t 1230 Gener!'11 ClP rl~ left his office vd th olonel fort er ..,nd r~t :irned "'.t 2000 hov._rs 1 or a s.ort w~le . General Cl rk sent the fol] O\"ing me"·sace to the Jo:_r:c. C,hiefs of Staff, :--ishington, D C , (R~rort · o Secret ry of State), R. f;:;rence No . -- -5949: 1. lli'3d Council hel ~ extraordin ::'j~ meeting lf rovember, princi:p3.l subject, currency conversion . _greer.ient re·-cted a..fter prolonged discussion on conversion oi' Reichsmarks ape l.llied I1i.litary SchilJj_nzs ir:.to Au ... trian Na ion 1 fch·n..J..ings . 11 • Det .ils of the conversion plan fellow pen9rall~:1 the lines in "'icated in P~ragraph 1 of P 5538, ·vith minor morlifjcctions as follows: (1) ( 2) ( Date of cor..version 13 to 20 Decem,..)or 191..5 . Each ind::_7ic:v 11 to r8ceive in cash no more th n 150 schil l jn ~s in return for Reichsmarks r:nd ~llied Military chil • in ~s turned in . ':'h,, r~,...t will be blocl~ed or re stri.cted ·t-1. rr.ounts to be decided b~r the ·Auctrian authcri- �ties ,. orkinv on " wmeral basis of 6& blocked . . t,strian ~,1thori ti Js _ma._r ,-..,1 x ere en _,n. ze of lo~1dngs as necessary, when nd ~.s .L ur· lier !fationul Schillings are printed . ( 3) b. ~ l'ot es printed subsequent to con'rersion to be al2..ot ed fiveeights fo civilian requirements nnd three-eights for mili tary pur ses until J·ustrian authorities h'-1.ve received 800 million schillings in PPropr .. 'lte denomin'-1.tions ovAr ·:i.nc1 above 2500 million assi:sned for civil:i.[;._n requirementa at beginning of conv'3rs~.on ost serious difi'icuLies in securing agreenent resulted fror.i _ ssi n r f :i.se 1 to permit ccor,limtion by 'llit.;d Council of dem<1nds of indiviclu'll powers for curr'3ncy for milik.ry pt,1rposes . t Council meeting _oniBv refused to ccnsider even inforrr..al consuF•·;tion betv,een Comnr.nders-in Chief before e ch power t:vould mf-lke its demands on /1.ustrian governn'3nt . Later in private confer ence however, I indl,ced him to cons9nt to such onsu1tr. . tion . Result w ~ de cision to llot out of on mil1 ard f5.ve hundred rpillion for conversion of rnili tary hol~ings n.nd one month ' s military expenditure two hundred millions 03.Ch to u.~ , British , an~ ~rench and nine hundred millions to USSR . Similar informal consuli"ations will be held on f'uture allocations amonr four po iverc, . 0 1 n2 . Political P.dYisers having been un· ble to reac'1 ['_greemi:=mt 011 question of reserved powers, the Chairman put before the Council a French compromise proposal I refused t.o accept it ecause it contained same features to which I had objected in Soviet proposal reported in P- 4 752 October 31 ) "3 . .cCreery then proposed following resolution , which w,... s adopted: "Since rticle 14 of the London · ~weement of July 4, 19,~5 provides that the nature and extent of llll:i.ed direction and 3uidance will be considered after the recognition by the four powers of a freely elected Austrian eovernm0nt , the Council decides to Wi:\it the fulfillment of th13 conditions lldd down in th-9 aforesaid Article bafore resuming the discussion of the e;uestion of reserved powers . The ,_llied Council instructs he Executive Committee to Prepare n study of this question now . In addition f rther important questions will r:.rise from the r9cognit.ion by the :'our powers of c drly elected Austrian government . rihe Allied Council instructs the Executive Committee to study c.lso these furthsr major problems. 1 "4. Bethouart announced French Government had decided to accredit his r:o. litical advisor also as political representative to Austrian Government ~md to accept a political representative from latter . He stressed that this in no way affects the authority of the Council . n �VIENNA--Nain:vrnE,. 18, 1945-•General Cle.rk arrived at his office at 1000 and immediately saw General Br nn and General Tate . Genernl Corbin of the C:uarterma.ster General ' s office , 'fa shi.ngt,on, D.. C., conferred with General Clark at 1030 on the use of surplus supplies and the suwly situation in generd . At 1045 Mr . and Mrs McCormick of the New York Times interviev1ed Gen-JrGl Cl:.rk • General Clark theii left his office for Ms villa to spend the rE,mainder of the day . 1 * * TI HNJ ·mv_, P}•.rrl 19 , 19.l5 Ge1"0r 1 at his of ice , t. 0915 ,,nd im'lle~.'ritely s 'l :en·r-1 Howard concerni..1rr .c &ecur:tt.r of _j_s 1 de;e ar;l -.hen conferred ~1ith G .,nsr 1 Brani.'1 r nc Gen9f'..-;i.l T te . Gener;l Cbrk r1ext Gavi I:r . :..r~- r ~ n · hen took cnre cf a.ccunn:l ed corre&1.x,~1dence . 3e .. d h::nc .. wit . . r.~.,. , _ rl1'"'.._"c1t Gen~ cl °Rr[:rn rmi:7 .lenerril ']>;·~ G r-nd rctu :ier~ to hls office where he worked unt il 1/430 hours nnd then left f' or ~-1is vill for t 113 _,_. .y . Gener q_ C'larl,. r 0 r ei ec1 t,._e 0nc~ Jo . ~c- s112, ~ 011 'N • .lg F e::::c:!.ce :'rc.,r: Gcner--..1 J::. a;:-1-~ff,Yor , a,.,f ~r n_h2..,}· :;rou for your kine. messace on my birthday * ( * irf;SR ?O , .. 9L,'3- ,.,,~ri~r ,..J. Clark ar~ivea ~t his off'ce c.t 0900 and pinned Solonel •·s c?.gles on Col . erhrrd Deutsch, Col. J ~rL c Rundell , rol. :..')..1 L .n;r· n --i_nd Col . ~red crick Stephens At 0930 he gr-:nted interviews to a group of r ?-:::Orters ~;ho --re on 3. tour of the :8uropean T e ter • ".t 0<]45 ~-<~mir· l Lo, r-;ry --nd Capt:2..:.n ··:i11te1·b.lr-r , he'"'.a of ·,._l v~l Di vision , tqlked ', 1.th Gener~l C'. •1 rk J...drnirr1 Low,--ry i& the Comr~-:nd:ing ff~_cer cf rbc ~1 av·.. l Divjsion j_n :.,.::'F"_,':' . ..L_.,''"l~Y''"'-1 Clar~~ , 1.ccomp-nied bJ t:r .. ..cobert Ch:risJ;:,enberry , 8:e113ral C1.11J..ir n ·rnr-1 Colonel Sr.ii-th , dep'"'rter1 .., T mc·-:,or :'or the ;•'1.<:: ..,,..11 1 G lodge "t 1 00 hours Gen°---'"' lark r ::. ;-Ad c.t his hunt in,: lc<:.c:e a . . cc.t 100 lwurf:. and spent h9 r -nuinc:er of th8 ~renj nc at is lodge . After dinner he took a walk nd retired early . ~e"'--rnl CI,. rlr recisived ,he follo".!in: message from 'Lhe Eon Ref AI'81'1C e I-To . -,:cL ?1942 • John .IcCloy , ttThank you _01.. cur very warming tolsgr. 11 . Cor;-d_ilg froi:i •: Comr.ci.nder of uc_ d::_stinct,ion ou c2n '· e s ·re I 'v.:.11 .1-re st1re it . 11 21 , 19Lt-5 .eDPra C a~c!r : ccomrnni..,d , y Mr ChristenberTy left -t·he lodge about 0830 and spent e d[{y in,. the h.:_lls lmn ~in,_ chamois~. How f!ver this w s not his luc::,., c1 • n-1 ~ returned t th lor ge ·· out 1730 emptyh0.nded He h d dinner and retired e rly VI ·1 . . . t T ,. 1 �Gener"',l Glnrk sent th3 fo}Jovlin€; message to · ·,10 Joint Chiefs of Staff regard:i.ng th0 critical food si ·uat ion which exists in th~ Russian occupied ( reca of Lower \ustrL , Reference No ., P 6211 ., 1 . Jmdr0as Korb Secretary of State for Fcod in the· l-rovision:11 Aus '., rian rJcnrernrric,nt on 10 November 19L,.5 submi ,ted c; i"ritten report to the /JtJJ.drJ.p.rti·.,e Foo 1 Committee of the .Allied Council outlining the critic•:.l food situation e:xj sting in th~ RtJ::oian Or'.'r>Ffied Lrea of Loner \t ::3tria . The rep:>r· str-tes thrihe estc 1Jliohed ration for the normal consumer in Lower .· ustria is 801 celor:ies per d ..y, nnd that due to non,.. ava-H a bHity of food normal consuri19rs in mo.ny areas actun.lly raceive no more thrin 700 calr;ries per ~-->y; that the RuPsians n.re importing no food into the aret1 .. tLat expected 1 VJ •wa:ne.bili ;;r of indigenous supplies during the conjnr· wint er vril.l cause the situ'>tion to 9'.et worse, and that a major disaster is threatened tinless considerable quantities of food - r c.> imported to lower fmstri • Conditions reported in t.hL., r'3port have been corroborated from other sources. The report re01.1es s the id llied Nations to furnish suffic:i..ent food to LmYer stria to pe:rm··t. m·1.intenance of r 2tion scales comparable to those of Vienna 0 1 0 ( "2. In inf rma.l convr::.rsations with m3m1x~rs of m,.T staff Tfarr Korb recentl r s , ted th t the Russians have never imr,orted food to Lower Austri•. 8nd t. ".:it dur:5.ng th 9 ear:{.y months of their occupa+ion the Russia ns used conslderable qurntities of Lower Austria ts lncU.genous food for subsi ctence of their troops , but in recent months this has been discontinued with respect to wheat ~.nd other major items although the P.us si8.n li.rmy cont..in,: es to consume local milk , vegeta )le and similar foodstu :.'='f's Korb stB.tes th- t serious malnutrition is <;i.lrea~y in evidence , a.eaths h2.ve occurred from malnutrition and that frequent demons rati ns of unrest have occurred in Wienernsustadt due to food conditions . u3 . The Ritssians s.re reslSL2.ng strenuously the placing of Herr Korb ' s rerort before the 11__lU.ed Council efor ,., elections . The--J neither admit nor ... erw the facts stated in Kerb ' s re:i:ort . N+• If conrlitjons do not improve in Lower i\ustrir. it is possible -:hav after the elections +,o be held 25 November the Austrian Crl:lvernment under Russian guid.r;i.nce may attempt to force the other powers to reduce ration scal es in other parts of Austria includj ng Vienna and use food imports so saved to alleviate conditions in Lower Austria; or m y request other rowers to make up deficjts in Lovier Austri a · In my opinion ration scales now in effect in Vienna. and the US ?;ones are tho mirrl.mum necessary to µcevent disease and unrest and I will resist ny efforts to reduce them Fu-rther I do n. t recorrime.nd increas"' ing our imports for use in Lower Austrit. as the feeding of that area is a definite Russian resp:msibility . Recent ir.i.formation reveals that Ru::-,si::.ns are br:ingj.ng c , 1 dition, 1 troops to Austria from Czechoslowkis. vrho in turn will live largely off the land ~ A critic 1 situa tion exists throughout the entire Rur:,sians area of •*ustria ,nd this sitv.Ptj on will be ag 0:r v ted if Rus sians fail to fu .fill th:dr obl_igations to provide food for their area . n 0 -* �l r1.-.r 91 , : m:--½ • , lod 0 c .... t 070 returned · s having shot • He e r_;_1h .nk2gh·i::··~ith Gene:., 1 nc fo'.hon .,. (',, l f, 1 ·, zrr 711 ?;-1'he1.. n C 0n r:-r' an' (;o~_Ol el G:::·ogn.n, Colo nsl E.riith, Colonel Jy d • r: r rry · t ~.is lo~ ~.3 . ~ a·· n11e1 1:: Gener'"' jr y. G ·1'?..... s , -r- 1 'V') '"':~.., .1.. _ -h ~ Qr-,n~-~ 1 Cl rk ::::?'.+ ni ed States Forces , Austri a : ttQn Thank sgiving Days of th e past , our f orefather s offered their 11~ve thanks for the freed.om they h .d found in our Ameri.ca You nd ;just "1dcC: our co ·n'·.rymen j__ -: r':!:J T .... t.:.011 .. · -L-Lt f' · ,,cuo:n , --.~1d in J. L 1.: be .. t,_j_o 1 ~ -1- :.~ o:)rrocse ~ pecp.. C::::' o: ·12~ ror1 ~ . L~ • ... ~m ~h .1~rful tcc'"'y f ,:; n,'11'1nder .. your coc· :itl..cut r:.·rn ·e cou ... d r vevot·on to ce, JOl:J.... LC~ 1.1~.ve v: n spiri-- , ... JOH). .:i-Lb you on t ·us Th·1.:nks,;;i ving r y o 1945 in ·ex···rcs:::. · g he~.rt±.' 1t .t· ·r c:.""'t~ en for · 1e ld.vine '"'tl. ic. _ee -::1hich led ·,1s to -i-.½_,, suceessfv C' m.t-•·... e·jon of th t missjon .:;_q!'e your fer 10nt t!'1rnt -1',.. 1 , 1{ . ..1.h t. a· ''"'. ne gt;i,..~,..,: me "".rl ..,sta ·lish world where '311 o~· all n 4 :.c":s ·:.L. ive tcwet.h ,r in tranquil pro,...perity fore,r .r n :r. . . un...,le c-, J ~ 3 , 19,45- 18:i:1ernl for ,;, , e,:1 · '.: .... '.::",!':. rnmained at his lodge duri'1g t e lk ·_n ·,he !lf'ternoor.. e , p·2;n1· t._1,:; ~a:.,. r ~::::-tir:g * * * iTJ 1A l.0V:" 2R 2L , l 9li5 G--1nar"l Sbr_{ left his 1- ,nt:.inf lodge :::i.t 1000 ours no. trent t' ~· :r _r.. th~ 11·1 s of :inderstod,'.;;;:::-· , =e.LuTn:.ng . out 730 hourc h~v:ng shot four chJ~1ois ch;r::nr;' · ne d . y . �w ,rry ing he ·'rmn_ er a ...aner 1 Clark l&'ft his hun '· jng lod.;;e t .lo .. icnn'"' b. c r e '"'rr:hr~d i1 1 Ti ,r-~~ ,.,t 1.4 5 y ·o --i J_ ;1,re 1e · h~d J ,l"'ch rrj r. C ~r, 4 en 1 al rested or n v. bil n t e evend early . d• •• rr1vec'. !lt his n,., ,11.D ·n re fe,J. o Jr-.c. ' r·r ._ ~rh _ t . J --.. c,_nn .c' -:- _i_'t~ C-::-•--,,_.,_~ ... 1 r".lrir}:, :Zor a short time . Lt ~ Grieorious , Ordnance, Speci l Project officer- , saw the General concerning telescopic s:.:..r;:JtE; for ~1::..G '!'~ ~-,., f:: ~n . . ,r ,. C"rr.~al :f "ie f ~ ~ ~tate D ,t,J...u:·~mant at Chserta · opi~-..d in t say 1&Jl ,.,_t' noon, 1 t t.er short confe .. erce ~irith Gene:r 1 To.ta , General Clark lunch . 0 J Immedi.:,tely after lunch Gen1=rnl fifol;ahon and General Tate conferred v1i h th8 General concernjng rranp-ements for a State De;_--,"3rtment cockt il party to b,3 g:tve:ri at 1800 hours in the evening . At 1430 General Flory s w Generc. l Clark to brief him on the Jewish Displaced . . ersons sitrn.tfon, and was followed at 11+30 hours by five me. mbers of the .Tmvish Committee of America, who a.r"= tourin •·~urope in order to see the condition of tTe!vish Displaced Persons cam s . At 1450 hours Gen9r,r.il Mel hon conferred ·dth QqnerAJ. Cl~rk nd was followed by C lonel rrogan t 1500 After ceeing ~i:mer 1 Tate for a short tim~ , Genera_ Cl ..rrl,. left hio off:.tce at 1530 W'>lk:i.ng wi- h G,:,neral Saltzm n to bis villa At 1800 hours General CJ.qrk guve a cockt.·:Ll party for forty members of the State Department and other m3mb0r s of he, .dq-Darters At 2000 hours the Gen0r,..1 had dinn.;r nith several m".3mbers of his staff ~nd later pl~y'9d ker * * * �l O,i, , ( Gene al Clark sent the following mes ... ge to Genl'.3rn.l of the Army George C flfarshall , 1rrar Dcr,st. ent , efereYJC8 ro . P- 6554: "In bj doing you this fonrl est f rewell on the erminntion of your br1.l i~.nt ten re of office ., I wish I v1°re t 1ere in ·1ash: ngton today to exnress to you the full me"" Sl1re of my personql congratul:1.tions nnd sincere th nks , as we 1 as t ose of 11 ranks h9re ,.,t USF.A Th, world 'vell !mows , , nd shall ever remember , the monument.al task rhich you so magnificen _,ly completed in supervising the victory ·of the l0rgest and e test armies to ever defend li. erty in the history of mankind . Time · shall not dim , nor sh 11 merica forget , the maenit de of your works • . Retirement from official office was never mo-re hiP."hly des9rved than yours I shall alt-';ays c e:rish the opportunH,y and privelege I had to serve under your r:.ble command re all most heartily gree ~ith the $entiments of Fresi• dent Trurr,cn ' s rec en-. statement of vour w rth, r:.nd in n rting we reg-..cetfully ·but prou.dly s lute trThe Greatest Soldj er the orld has ever known . 11 * * * * TI ,., ·A--lJCJ.r,..~•,·q,_R 27 191.5- General Clqrk arrived at his office at 1000 hours and tmmedi tely saw Co onel 1-'orter concernj ng arr ngements for a trip to It.aly in th near future . He next saw Gener-1.l Brann who was fallowed by Colon~J Pesek core ernj ng press cony to be delivered to t 1e Gener al each ·rno 1.!nft at 1050 hours .. Gener'1.l Howard saw Ger1Pral. Clar 1: and at 1120 M:r . lu.cCormac and Ttir . Foe or , rc3porters , inter-vier ed Gener-Jl Clark. Gener'l.1 Tate tf")lked i.v:i.th h~ Gene; .... nJ_ for s~1ort time t, noon nd 1tvas followed b:r Co onel Th :ver who discrs sed the S • 1 fter 1 un ' the General took care of all a c cumula · ed corresponde,nce and at 1430 hours left his of .ic We Udng t o his villa 0 0 , Gene ~,.1 Clark 1ssu8d the follow.1np; statement on Tuesday, the 27th, after the elections h2.d taken place i 1 Vienna: ''The TTnited States and the other Allied Occupation pov.rers have given to Aust ri something that is precious to all free men and vorvm: the right of free '31.ect:: rns , privile~e h~t hltler took a1~1a.y from them . his is one of tl e •. o~_;t important steps in +he . llies program of help~_no- Austria to become a free independent and democratic nation . t " stria ' s futvre is progrecsivel~r be -:i n ~ pl .;;. c ed J_n h~r orm hands . A free elect.ion vipes out another trace of Na.ziism and P-ives to the people Democratic government of :,heir ovm choice tt~:i nee the forces of th~ nj_ted S+ tes and the other Allies ent ,red A .strin , +h0re have been outstqnd~ng evidences of cooperation by 11 hustrians , an tho proP.;rPSS a.lready made to. ·r.ird the restorat:ion of A1-1stria as an indeendent democratic n.-..tion has be3n steady nd enccur ·~ng . n He rdll al * do our part to help Austria and its people . * * *w rt �VIEl'L A- ..: . BI.. ER 28 , 19/45- Ge~eral Cl rk !)rrived t _..is office b.t 0930 and sn~ G ,ner· l 'Ctr"nm . t 09L5 Gener2l Howc..r 1, }r.:iner ,l Tate ?!r:d Colon,. . l Faxon :rtr:.fec +he GAneral on c3.·,.., r reconn" is'1nc,-?. uni-1..s t .t 1000 Gen':~ral ,... eibert of C 2 . . -SFTT'T talked with General Clark on the G 2 se up, '".nc1_ :rns fol.lowed ;r Gen..,!.' .l Flory •;ho discussed t'19 ·~c "'t ~~ly repor' i::hich '· 1e ~ Hitary Comrdssj oner s 1 ;-;1jt,s . Gener .1 Rram1 a ain saw Gen9ral Clark and le.ter I r . r:,u_een ,. nr1 Fr ~; ed0n of the Eer?ld. Tri -iune , '~arc s -rlith our local P.t0 , interv..i e're the Go:ne1-- ... l . l~ ..,_jor ~J rm , lied.ical officer from the 110th StD tion Lospitnl tr~,,..,,ted Ge:ne:.~a1 Clar}- for an infection in his eye o.t 1200 . General Tate , S-e11eral , rnnn ··nd I1r c grhard conferred witL Gr.mer01l Ghrk · nt.il lunch .. :?ollov ing lune'. J~neral Brr:-r.n, Gener--:.1 Tete and rtr . Erhardt again conferred •.Ji th G'=nerr- 1 Ci ... rk nd. q..._ • c1· !1.ki .. i~ care of · cc-c11nuL t.ed cor:esp9nt~enc 0 , ~ h0: Gene~ al left h.:.r~ office for the d1y . 1 T. e Gener2.l sent .I.he fol owing mess .~e to S.eneral (.;osenh T .. lfoNe.rn;:y , 0o."Jno.nr1:ng G01~c:-c.l , F ., e, Forceo · uro e"'n fv~ t~r , Reference . . lfo .. •-6711-1-: "Dear t!oe· * Glac o renev1 the fine associ'ition Tle started ::.n Italy. * * tt * VI11, n~29 , 1945- General Cl~.rk arriyed 01 t Ms of:'ice at 0o35 . He i. ec-ia.tely s .w Grmer 1 Brnnn co 1cern2.ng the i:iaV·ers t be discussed w~.th ! 11 rohal Kon:t..;;V l· ter in the day . Geney-al C'l.srk talked vd_t:1 General G ltzman a.t 0900 concerning the t:r-ip to be tak0n to Italy and was follm1ecl by Colon .1 HyIT3.rd . C-oj.onel areet v1a.s cal ed in to c~iscus.,;, the currency probl em r.i..nd. at 0930 Genei--r.1 . ark 19ft his office to go to Baden to hrve 1.n informe.l conference with Marsh::ll Konie,r. He re ,urned to hj_s headc.J..1&rters 3l:.5 ho·vrs and fter lunch discussed the results of the confe,..,ence with Gen2r. l Brcu1 . The General le . his of· ice at 1500 hcurs for the day " ing GenAr.:-.1 Cl "rk sent the followinf: message to Jeneral ~isenhower regarddisc1 ssion which he lm.d. '.!:1..th r~a:rshal Rom ev e1trl:i er in the da;j . ! have jvst had a long pe ·sonal conversation with Koni~:N at his Head :rters in Buden . T ch foor1 resultec:i rom our conference One subject wMch he djscussed rAl•··tes to his c ·ncern cf adverse criticism in the ~meri can press of the ,... ovie ~nion po:.icies . I ri.ra convinced thnt _he rends only the deroga ory state111ents and fails ,o see- th,~ many f vorable reports which emanate :i:'roM the _1.r1 ericr.n press . ,~ould it not be a good idea if your Bure!.l.U o Pu lie Relations collec·:.ed and ser.:t, -to m8 o.nd to Mclfarney the many favor• , able artkles on Sov1et- er:n8riC'nn r:3 '1tions? These, men sutmitted to our . r3srec ive Soviet orros:i.~ es would r.roduce much good . n 11 q { �lo3 VIEilJKA--NOVF.J-1BER 30,, 1945--General Cla.rk ~rrived in his office at 0900 a.nd immediately s 1'1 General Tate and Genere.l Brann At 1 00 the General presented Colonel Grogan, Public Relations Officer, and Sargent Trent, the General 1 s Mess Sargent , with the ronze Star Medal for meritorious ..service . Both Colonel Grogan and Sgt. rent a re returnit1g to the StPtes for Christmas . A picture of the Commanding General , Deputy Commanrring General and Chief of Staff , ana Section heads• was taken a.t 1015 and immea.iately following the General left for the Alljed Council meeting which began at 1100 hours At 1430 hours General Clark returned to hi~ office from the meeting and immediately held a. press conference f) Upon completion of the conference General Cls,rk left his office for his villa where he ma.de prepara tions for le aving on a trip to Italy. At 1715 hours General Clark left his villa to go to Mehl.ling tation where he boarded hie private train .. Among the General I s guest who accompanied him on his trip to Italy were Maj . Gen. Harry J Collins, General S ltzman, General Sullivan, Colonel Porter, Lt . Col. Nygard , Mr Christenberry and General Clark ' s aide Lt . Traugott Gene:re.l Cl a rk sent the following mesrnge to Ron., Herbert H. Lehman, . UNRRA e Wa shington, D.C Reference No. P-6946: Director General 11 C'oncerning ( my conversation , i th you a.t the Columbus Dey Dinner in New York. I greatly apDreci?.te what you are doi n g with your organization in Austria . 11 Seven members of your Supply Working Party renorted here on 28 November in r .e sponse to re quest from the Allied Counci to stu-,y the problem of UNRRA aid for ustria PreliminA.ry discussions •ri th this group were held on 29 ~fovember ~ which inr1. icat es t will be several months b.efore any aid beyond tha.t now sup:pli ed ,Ji 11 be forthcora i r.. g " "I am gre Ptly concerned over conritions in Lo,.,e AustriP. Due to circu.mst~nces 'beyonc1. our control there is a. ureat shortage of f ood in thzt r~ rea , hich conc.i tion if al . . . owecl to continue, may cause many serious cases of malnutritjon this ~inter. Although this is in the area of responsibility of the Red Army the co1ditions there may reflect on conditions in the America.n Zone eno. in Vienna due to posdble necessity of divert fog our food and supplies to Lovrer Austria under emereency cono.i t ions . 11 ! feel we must forget the conditions 1hich created this situation c:ind a.pproach the problem as it exists today . I discussed this matter with Marshal Konev today and he would welcome any help UNRRA can give The longrange program envisaged by the Supply Working Pe.rty now here r ill not rneet the immediate emergency facing lo i er Austria. �1 I hope you can focus your attention on Austria where we nre making progress in creti ting an independent a.nd democratic nation of great importance to the United States and its Allies . 11 For ree.sons which you will unctersta.nd, the contents of this message must be considered confidential and no publicity whatsoever given to this message . 11 Hope to see you over here soon . n I'T.A.LY--DECEMEER 1 , 1945--General Clark , accompenied by Mr .. Christenberry , Maj. Gen. Collins , Generc.l Salt:zman 11 Col . Nygard ana_ Lt. Traugott arrived in Udine at 0945 hours . The party immediately left the train to continue to Pisa by C-47 where the were met by General OXX of the PBS . The party then took off for Florence by ca,r and arrived at the Angl~-American Hotel at two o'clock in the afternoon . A light lunch was served in the Gener~l's suite and at 2000 hours the pBrty had dinner with friends of the Genere.1 1s in Florence . ( I~ALY--D~CEI\JffiER 2, 1945--At 1100 hours General Clark, General Collins , General Saltzman ancl Mr. Christenberry a.ttencled mass at t he Santissima Annunziata Church in Florence. Lunch was served aboRrd the Genere,1 1 s train which had arrived from Udine at 1000 hours on Sunday morning . In the afternoon General Clark took a walk through the streets of Florence, and at night the General and. some of his guests dinerl out with friends of the General . I TALY--DECEMBER 3, 1945--Genera,l Cl qrk e.nd members of his pt?.rty with the exception of Colonel Nygard e.nd General Sullivan who remained in Florence , left for Rome by car , arriving s.t the Excelsior Hotel in Rome at 1600 hours . '11he General and his guests had a 1::Jte lunch at the hotel and at night General Clark , Mr . Christenberry, General Collins , Generd Saltiman and Colonel Porter had dinner with General Brady. ITALY--DECEMBER 4, 1945--General Clark and General Saltzman went for a. stroll in the morning and after lunch at the hotel, the General, accompanied by Mr . Christenberry and General Collins took the cAr for a drive to Anzio .. At 1830 hours the party went to the home of Ambassador Kirk for cocktails and retunned to the hotel for dinner . La.ter in the evening General Clark and. Mr .. Chrir-; tenberry went to the show at the Excelsior Hotel night club . �to5 ITALY--DECEMBER 5, 1945--General Clark dictatea_ e letter to Mrs .. C_ark in the morning . At 1000 Mr . Christenberry left Rome for the United States . After a short walk the General received Mr . Tittm:mn who took General - Clfark , General Collins , General Saltzman anaColonel Porter to the Vatican for an audience with the Pope A,t 1145. The General and his pa.rty attended a luncheon at 1330 given in Generf-11 Clark 1 s honor by Lt . Gen RidgePs.y . At 1845 hours General Clark , Gem-ral Collins , General Saltzman, Colonel Porter and Lt . Traugott went for cocktRils to the home o-P Gener?,l B,..aa_y to meet Crown Prince Umberto ~ after which the General c..nc_ his guests h a.d dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Tittmann. B'ALY--DECEMBER 6 , 1945--General Cl~rk and his party left Rome by pla,ne at 1030 hours and arrived in Florence at 1120 . Continuing on to Udine that same afternoon the plane was forced to return to Florence on account of bad weather and. the party remained in Florence overnight • • ITALY--DECEMEER 7 , 1945- •- Genera,l Clark and party left Florence on a :B-25 anc. arrived at Udine at 1115 where the group 1las met by General Moore of the 88th Division. Leaving Udine airfield at 1145 , the Generals plane continued on to Vienna , arr iving there at 2:15 o 1 clock . Gener~-1 Clark aJ1d General Collins went to the villa for lunch where they were met by General Brann . Gen .. Collins returned to Sal tzburg that same night on the 11 Mozart 11 train . ITALY--DECE!<BER 8 ~ 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours . After dictating some letters he saw Colonel Pesek ho w21s followed by Mr . Joseph Gray of the Political Division . Colonel Jack Nygard tal1t ed with the General for a. short time a.nd let er GenE·ral Tate with General OXX saw the · General . At 1115 General Clark conferred with Mr c Billy Rose of New York City concerning the entertainment facilities for office~s end enlisted men and also conditions for Jewish Displa.c ed Persons . At noon General Cb.rk promoted Ma.jor Snow and Ma,,jor McCracken to the grade of Lt . Colonel. He again saw Mr., Gray end Colonel Pesek . At 1300 the General had lunch '"ith F.Jembers of his stp_ff A.nd Mr . :Billy Rose . After lunch General Clark conferred with General Tate and e.t 1415 hours saw Mr . Figl , the new Austrian Chancellor who presented the Genera.l with a list of the new members of the Austrian Government . Shortly after theGeneral left for his villa where he spent the remainder of the e.vening . �General Cla.rk sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff i n Washington . Reference No . P-7627: 11 1 . At meeting Executive Committee 4 December discussion on reply to Renner i s appeal of 5 November for economic as dstance developed cleerly ns,tional position on food supply . US positions outlined in WAR 8589 of 292237Z •• British position generally in agreement with U. S . n2 . French stated they had agreed to supply th~ir area in Vienna on 1 , 650 basis but not repeat not in their zone outside Vienna, where ca.lory scale is now about 1, 200 , of which two third.s is supplied by French , remainc.er from indigenous resources . Soviets stated their underste.nding that four powers had accepted responsibility for supplying Vienna on basis of 1 , 550 but that there was no agreed responsibility to provide food for zones outside of Vienna , and that deficiencies in zones must be supplied by Austria from her own resources "3. All agree aid from UNRRA. essential on emergency basis and at earliest possible moment and. directed ce..b le be prepared to UNRRA setting forth situation and urgency and asking emergency a.ssistnnce with food to start before 1 February if possible . On US insistence agreed if UNRBA came in it would have free access to areas where it distributed supplies . 4 . On broad question Food Supplies Soviets submitted draft resolution critical of Austr i a government ' s e}ploitation Ano distribution of indigenous resources and directing implementation of food_ progress . This resolution al so included statement that Allied Council considers Austrian popul,:,,t ion can and must be fed out of its own resources until 1 March 1946 . British &nd US refused to accept resolution ana it was sent to Economic Directorate 11 for reconsidere.tion and redra.fting. 5 . Obvious from this meeting and subcommittee cHscussion thPt future French food imports except for Vien~a unlikely and that Russians will not supply in future except for Vienna.. 11 "6 . Promnt a.ssist ence from uNRP.A a-1nePrs best solution to -orevious serious shortages Lower Austria . rt General 012.rk also sent the following messa,€'"e to the Joint Chiefs of Staff rega.rding the new Austrian Cabinet members . Reference !fo . -P-7661 . "Ens;ineer Leopold Figl personally ca.Ilea_ on me this afternoon anc_ gave me the list of the new Austrian Cabinet A.greec upon by lesders of the three pe.rt ies which he he.s likewise sent to the Allied Council through channels . List follol-rs: �Chancellor and Foreign Minister; Figl - People ' s Party Vice Chancellor; Adc,lf Scha.erf Socialist Minister without Portfolio in ChA.r ge of Foreign Af i:'a irs; Gruber People's Party Minister without Portfolio; Lois Weinberger - People ' s Pa.rty . Interior: Oskar Helmer - Socialist ; Education and Worship . Feliz Hurdes - Peo-ple 1 s Party Justice : Geroe - Non-Party Agricul mre: Kr a.us - Peop le I s Pe.rty Finance: , Zimmermann - Non-party Commerce e.na Building : Raab - People ' s P$.rty Communications : Vincenz Uebleis - Socialist Power and Electrification: Ke,rl Altmann - Communist . Food~ Korp - Socialist. Socia.l Ad.ministration: Boehm - Socialist Property and Economic Planning. Schumy - People ' s Party. Under the Ministry of the Interior there is a People t s Party State Secretary Ferdinand Graf (who is to handle publi.c security matters) e.nd under the Property Ministry is a Socialist State Secretar y Karl Wa.ldbrunner . ( Figl told me confidentially that Renner wa.s . to be President and thq+ he would accept . He likewise said the.t the Oa.binet had been a.greed on by the leaders of all three pci,rties . He hopes that the Allied Council at its meeti.ng on December 10 will approve the cabinet and. I told him that I woula. do everything I could to bring this about and. would also end.eavor to get the Council to agree to recommend th8 t the respective Governments of the occupying po'A·ers should. grant recognition . I t olcl him this would. take some time but I hoped the Council would see fit to a.u thorize him to proceed with the calling together of tle Nationalrat ana. Bundesrat . the election of the president , etc .. • so that the new government cou'ld be formally esta.blished and operating before Christmas. VIEN.NA--DECErrnER 9 11 1945--General Clark reme.ined at his villa in the morning taking care of accumulated correspondence ana. papers . General Clark saw Colonel Smith of the Labor Division at 1215 hours A.nd received messages from various people in the Wa.r Department which Collnel Smith had brought upon his recent return from the States . General 01;.irk held a. conference with Mr . Doc Mathews , GenerA-1 Brann , · Mr . Erhardt and Mr .. Gra,y at 0100 hours . After resting a while in the afternoon he saw General Howa.rd. and Colonel Coburn C.. Smith who are lea.ving for the General . In the evening Countess Olivia Larisch ha.d dinner with the General . �LoZ ( General Cla.rk sent the follo ring message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Reference No P-7673 : 11 Referring to WARX 86274 , conditions in Vienna. are suffi.ciently known to warrant rea.sonalJly correct estimate of number of troops necessary here for each power .. Outside ViennA, conditions are influenced by factors such as numbers of DP 1 s, PWs , refugees. fuel. food , andother economic conditions , severity of winter , health and security conditions , destruction caused by ·ar and situation in neighboring countries, which are imposeible to forecast accurately Such factors in Rus dan zone lea.st known to us of e.11 zones as less infonnation avail able . Additionally capabilities of transport · to move Soviet forces elsewhere and to house and feed in other localities and possible density of mov€m e nt not sufficj_ently known . With our different military organizations difficult to give valid estimate as to wh, t rEic.uction can be ma.de in troop basis of other powers by use of mobile type police force . 11 In computing US requirements, necessary make following assumptions as to US Forces . First , that forces are available only for occupationpl duties and a.re consequently not immediately F.tVa.ilable for use in a comt)at role else\>'here in Europe; second , thP..t conditions mentioned first paragraph improve after this winter so that troop requirements for controlling or supervising progr€ssively decrease . These assumptions are not all necessarily applicable other powers because of different condi t j ons· in and ne~r their zones . 11 As to topics A, B, end C, estimate present needs of Vienna t includ fog a.djacent Vien.,_"1& a.irfield garrison, for ee.ch po ,rer as 9 , 000 . These inclucl.e comb~.t Bnd service t ·roops , mili tnry and Allied Council 1 headqua.rters "?ersonnel and a small air component . Use of mobile police-type forces will not affect requirements in Vienna , Progres~ively , requirements in Vienna can be reduced to 5, 000 per power by 1 November 1946 , 11 0ut side Vienna present US reouirements are about 31 , 000 normal type troo-ps which can progres~ively be reduced to about 16 , 000 by 1 July 1946, and 12 , 500 by 1 November 1946 . The employment of mobile police-type units of cav2,lry and military police could probably further reduce this figure to 12 , 500 by l July 1946 and_ to 10 , 000 by 1 November . At present time outside Vienna French requirements are slightly less than our O'ltm. British and Soviet minimum re~uirements outside Vienna are presently greater than our because of locat i on , extent , and cha!'$.cter their zones , particularly frontier responsibility . Estimate tha.t British minimum requirements N"Ould currently be a.bout 50 , 000 and 60 , 000 . (This purely a guess , -oerticularly with regards to Soviets . Use of mobile type police forces by other po-i;.1:ers might result in small saving if they he.d equipment availa1)le . Progressively British and. Soviet forces could be reduced to parity ,,rith US but only vihen conditions have stabilized by elimina.tion present major troop 9roblems caused by factors enur.1era.ted beginning of message . Recommend this scaling down to parity be spread over period of time . Specifically, recommend that ea.ch power be asked to agree to follov,ing. �l69 ( "I . To reduce progressively , beginning at once, the size of the occupying forces in Austria. ti II. To phase the reduct ion so thAt a .. The mazimum forces of each power in Vienna and adjacent Vienna airports ~ill be limited as follows By 1 July 1946, 8 , 000 By l November 1946 , 5 . 000 b. The mazimum forces of each power in their zones outside of Vienna will be limited is follows : By 1 July 1946 , 16 , 000 for French r 16 , 000 for US , 30, 000 for British and 40 , 000 for Soviet . By 1 November 1946 , 18 . 500 for French, 12 , 500 for US , , 20 , 000 for British , 28 , 010 for Sovi•t ~ ttIII . To effect a progressive further reduction after 1 November 1946 in order to arrive at ~Arity i n the size of the forces of each power . IV . Tha.t in order to reduce the size of the occupying forces , eP..ch po,,rer will wher e pra,ct icA.h le use to the maximum in the zones outside Vienna mobiile police-type forces or other organizations and equi-pment that i••i l l reduce needs of manpower . 11 Tha.t in specifying thf7 size of the occupying forces , the f i gures include officers and men of land , air , and sea forces . V. "VI . 'nhat the figures as to s i ze are mazimum figures and that each of the occupying powers may in their discretion maintain garrisons of lesser strength . ":NEW SUBJECT: It must be borne in mi nd that the above figures are educated guesses , particularl y for Soviets and to a lesser extent for French and :British . Whereas US proposed reductions are probably fl}ore accurate they must de:pend on coordinated action by other powers . 11 Referring Topic D, I offer following 'comments . fl{l) Generd . General policiew and major obj ecitives outlined in State Dep~s 299 are fully supported here . I "(2) Powers and functions of Allie<l a.uthori ties in Austria. in immediate future . It is suggested that after new Austrian Govt . formed as result of elections has been recognized by the four powers , the Allied authorities in Austria should no longer exercise supreme authority in all matters affecting country as a whole . Instead they should (a) retain responsibility for �uo handling certain specified matters themselves, (b) retain control or sunervisory power (including veto power) over certain other , but (c) exercise only guidance or advisory functions regarding most l~rger long term problems . These three categories may be indicated as follows: tt (a) Matters to be handled by Allied authorities themselves . These include United Nations DPs and PWs ~ United Nat ions property , Allied rep_ rri.tions claims to German property in Austria , enforcement of German surrender terms so fer as Austrie. is affected , demobiliz tion , separc:tion and disentanglement from Germany , importation of essential relief and rehabilitation supplies , and , when requested by Austrian Govt. Patrol of international frontiers and assi stc,nce in maintena.nce of internA-1 order .. Except for le.st three iteme these are matte.rs in which Allied powers h&ve major interPst of their O'rn . 11 (b} Matters on ,r•hich Allied authorities ,~·ould retain control or supervisory po 1.~ ers ( incluc_ing veto po,,,er) ·~ These are matters ,,rhich have importai."lt be8ring on preservation of peace , 8nd incluae the conclusion of political and military treaties bet ,reen new Austrian Govt and forei.gn Govts, maintenance of an Austrian military estt:1blishment 901.:;session and development of industries useful only for war purposes ,. foreign trade and economic relations ,,,1th oth&r countries ( inclua.ing regional economic arrangements) , denazificet ion ( t, 1hich can now best be handled by Austrians under Allied su:r,-ervision) , and preservetion of freedom of speech . freedom of press, ~nd other civil liberties . (There should be no Allied censorshin . ) u (c) Matt ers on which Allied authorities would furnish guidronce and ad.vice to new Austrian Gov~ . .,,\11 remaining matters 1:·ould fall in this c~tegory . The political matters inc lude question of holrli:"lg ne\1 nr-tional elections within t1 elve months if found desirable to a.o so , relations bet •een Federal .,.na_ provincial govermnent, constitutional powers of the president , and relations behreen State and Church The economic ma.tters include rehabili tetion, and labor pnd social questions . 0(3) Organizatiqnal setup and methods of operation of Allied authorities . It is hoped that a new agreement can be entered into among the four Governments ir!. nec1-- future vesting que.dripr:-..rti te Allied Commission with powers _nd functions some ·:h[-~t as suggested above . I suggest that 1 t might be left to the discretion of ea.ch Govt to decide whether its highest rer,resentn.tive should be military or civiliAn c=ind ~hether its element of Allied Commission staff should be military , civilian, or mixed . In this connection my recent private talk rith Koniev indicated he strcnty favored retention of military control . The Divisions of Allied Commission should be adjusted. to conform with ministrtes of new Austrian Govt . The agreement should provide that the three categories of of m2.t ters mentioned in per a 2 a.bove should be dealt with through proceti.ures somewhat A8 follows : ( �lll ( "(a) Matters to be ha.n dled by Allied authorities themselves . Agreement as to all policies should be reached. , on basis of unanimity• in Allied Commission . Execution of the policies could be entrusted in some cases to Qµadripa:i::-tite egencies a nn. in others to forces of the various powers , as agreed in Allied. Commtssion. Aue +,rhm Govt . should collabort:i te an~~ be called upon for assista.nce to extent found advisPble . 0 (b) Matters on which Allied authorities would retain control or supervisory powers (incluci.ng veto po'ltrer) •· Decisions should be reached on all these matters by Al lied Commission on basis of unanimity . However proposed acts of Aus t ri?'1 Govt should be a.llowed to go forward or to t ::ike effect a.u tomPt ica.lly in absence of exnress notification of veto within ap"9ropriat e short periods . In all these mRtters , any necessary rork would be carried on by Austrian Govt . Investigation of Austrian ~onroliPnce "".rith AC rulings should. be made by quadrip artite committees or agencies . "(c) Matters on which All'ied authorities would furnish guidance and Pdvice to new Austrian Govt . !n these mA.tters the four Allied pouers should urefer &bly act through Allied Commission, on basis of discussion and unanimous agreement . I f one or more powers should insist on extending gui dance or advice on particula.r ma tters unilaterally through diplomatic renresentatives , there would seem to be no way of preventing it . However , agreed quadrip artite guidance and advice would sometj_mes carry greater weight .. 0 (4) Zones of occup Btion. Troops of the various powers should be assigned to specified present localities and their movemEnts should be restricted but zonal deme,rcation lines should be elimin3.ted so far as adrninirtration of Austrian affairs is concerned . Allied authorities should not restrict the moveme nt of Austrian citi.zens or Austrian commerce . Allied authorities should address all instructions a.nd advice to Federal Govt . except in ma.t ters of exclusively local concern . n(5) Future Changes in Powers and Functions of Allied Authorities . Function of im:9orting essential relief and rehP..bilitation supplies should be turned over progressively to UNRRA as l.s,tter becomes able to Rssume the burden . Grn.dUA.l. revival of Aus t rian foreign trade should also contribute to tapering off of quadrip r. rt i te responsibility for ci""1ilian supplies . "The new four-po ,rer a.greement should provide that highest representatives of four powers in Allied Oomriission may agree on behalf of their Govts from time to time , on basis of unanimity , to :relinquish control or supervisory powers (includj ng veto power) over any matters indicated in para 3 b above . 0 It ap"Dea.rs from numbered para 3 in Sta. -'- e Dept ' s 299 that St te Dent contempl tes incorporating in proposed new four :po•.'-• er Eigre ement provisions governing ultim11te liouidation of Allied Control and tr nnsfer of full sovereign rights to Austrian Govt .. Sovi e t representa.tives heve recently indicst ed the.t they consider signine of a peace treaty the act ~Thich will finally terminate four pO\.rer control ~ guia.ance of Austria " * * * * �lt2 VIENNA-...DECEMBER 10, 1945---Gene:r-al Clark arrived at his office at 0830 and immediately saw General Brann. Colonel Sloan was called in to the office and shortly thereafter Maj or Betz saw the General. Both General Bratm and General Tate walked with the General for a long while. At 09.30 hours Mr. Erhardt conferred with General Clark and later Mr. Doc Matthews, Director of European Division of the State Department, was also called in · on the conference. After seeing General Brann again for a short time the General left with Mr. Erhardt, Mr. Matthews and General Brann for the Allied Council Meeting which began at 1100. The General returned to his Headquarters at 1500 hours and at 1515 held a press conference which was attended by Mr. M. W. Fodor of the Chicago Stm; Mr. Seymour Friedin of the New York Herald Tribune; Mr. Lynn Heinzerling of the Associ• ated Press; Mr. John MacCormac of the New York Times; Mr. Panos Morphopoulos of Newsweek; Mr. Harold Queen of the United Press and Mr. Fred Wackernagel of ISB-USFA. After the conference General Clark talked with General Brann and General Tate, leaving his Headquarters for his villa at 1615. In the evening he had dinner with General Sullivan, Colonel Porter and Colonel Martin. General Clark sent the following message to Field Marshal the Honorable Sir Har old R. L.B. Alexander, Governor General, Dominion of Canada, Personal Clark to Alexander. Reference No. P•7176: "I offer heartiest congratulations to you today on your birthday. Your indispensable contribution to our allied victory during the past year must today be a source of great pride and satisfaction for you. Your many friends here in the U. s. Forces in Austria join with me in trusting that you will enjoy that same outstanding success in the fulfillment of your new responsibilities. I send my personal best wishes for your continued health and good fortune in the years to come." * * * * VIEl~NA-•DECEMBER 11, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours where he immediately saw General Tate and General Brann. At 1010 General Bethouart, French Commander, conferred with General Clark and at 1030 the General saw Colonel Porter. Dr. Gruber of the ' Austrian Government had a conference with General Clark concerning recognition of the new government and immediately following, General Brann and General Tate again saw the General. Mr. MacCormac and Mr. Fodor, news correspondents, talked with the General shortly before lunch and after lunch the General conferred with Mr. Erhardt and then General McMahon and General Tate. At 1400 hours Mr. Figl, Chancellor of the new Austrian Government, saw General Clark concerning the recognition of members of the new government. The Russian government is objecting to the new government as first submitted and General Cl ark is acting as arbitrator. At 1500 hours General Clark saw General Brann and General Tate, and then Colonel Rich, Medical Officer, concerning the medical setup in Austria. After seeing Mr. Erhardt concerning the Austrian government General Clark left for his villa. �\ l3 "Allied Council approved (1) reply to paragraph in Dr. Renner 1s letter of 30 November dealing with his objection to the size of occupation forces; (2) Invitations to Yugoslav and Swiss governments re telephone service between their countries which passes through Austria; ( 3) Aclmowledgment receipt of copy of Yugoslav note verbale re ele·c tion in Carinthia; (4) Report on Austrian elections; (5) Directive to Austrian government prohibiting military activities in accordance with Potsdam agreement; (6) Telegram to UNRRA requesting emergency relief; (7) Belgian Military Mission under Article 12, EAC agreement (8) Disposal of 31 Renner government laws, twenty without change, five with amendments, five abrogated by approval of conversion law, and ordered submission of a concise constitutional law to cover provisions needed to organize new parliamentary goy0rn~ent and a complete draft of a provisional constitution later. * * * * VIENMA--DECEMBER 12, 1945•-General Clark arrived in his office at 1000 hours and immediately saw General Hume, G-5. He later saw General Brann and Colonel Marget concerning the new currency conversion. Mr. Erhardt talked with General Clark on the most recent developments of the recognition of the new government and shortly afterwards General Tate saw General Clark. Later Golonel McLean talked with General Clark on several court martial cases which were pending, after which General Clark again saw General Brann and Mr. Erhardt. After lunch at 1300 hours, General Cl ark took care of accumulated correspondence and left his headquarters for his villa. At 1700 hours in tµe afternoon, accompanied by General Brann, General Saltzm~ and Lt. 'I'raugott, General Cl ark had tea with Countess Olivia Larisch. In the evening he had dinner at his villa and retired early. General Clark sent the following message to Brig. General l~evins, USFET, Reference No. P-7898: "Per phone request from Colonel Balmer your office following is text USFA reply ·to WARX 86274 and W.ARX 87430. Begin text. "Referring to WAHX 86274, conditions in VIENNA are sufficiently lmown to warrant reasonably correct estimate of number of troops necessary here for each power. Outside Vienna, conditions are influenced by fact6rs sµch as numbers of DP's, "PWs, refugees, fuel, food and other economic conditions, • �severity or winter, health and security conditions, destruction caused by war and situation in neighboring countries, which are impossible to forecast accurately. Such factors in Russian zone least known to us of all zones as less information available. Additional ly capabilities of transport to move Soviet forces elsewhere and to house and feed in other localities and possible density of movement not sufficiently known. With our different military organizations difficult to give valid estimate as to what reduction can be made in troop basis of other powers by use of mobile type police force. -· "In computing US requirements, necessary make following assumptions as to US Forces. First, that forces are available only for occupational duties and are consequently not immediately available for use in a combat role elsewhere in Europe; second, that conditions mentioned first paragraph improve after this winter so that troop requirements for controlling or supervising progressively decrease. These assumptions are not all necessarily- applicable other powers because of different conditions in and near their zones. ( "As to topics A,B, and C, estimate present needs of Vienna, incl uding adjacement Vienna airfield garrison, for each power as 9,000. Those include combat and service troops, .military and Allied Council Headquarters personnel, and small air component. Use of mobile police-type forces will not effect requirements in Vienna. Progressively, requirements in Vienna ean be reduced to 5,000 per power by 1 November 1946. "Outside Vienna present US requirements are about 31,000 normal type troops which can progress ively be reduced to about 16 1 000 by l July 1946, and 12,500 by 1 November 1946. The employment of mobile police-type units of cavalry and military police could probably further reduce this figure to 12,500 by 1 July 1946 and 10 1 000 by 1 November. At present time outside Vienna French requirements ate presently greater than ours because of location, extent, and character their zones, particularly frontier respon• sibility. Estimate that British minimum requirements would currently be about 60,000 and Soviet 60,000. (This is purely a guess, particularly with regards to Soviets). Use of mobile type police force by other powers might result in small saving if they had equipment available. Progressively British and Soviet forces could be reduced to parity with US but only when conditions have st~bilized by elimination present major troop problems caused by factors enumerated beginning of message. Recommend this scaling down to parity be spread over period of time. Specifically, recommend that each power be asked to agree to following: I. To reduce progressively, beginning at once, the size of the occupying forces in Austria. II. To phase the reduction so that a. The maximum forces of each power :in Vienna and adjacement Vienna airports will be limited as foll ows: �( f ( By 1 July 1946, 8,000 By 1 November 1946, 5,000 b. The maximum forces of each power in their zones outside of Vienna will be limited as follows: July 1946, 16,000 for Frencp, 16,000 for us, 30,000 for British and 40,000 for Soviet By 1 November 1946., 12,500 f'or French, 12,500 for US, 20,000 for British, 28,000 for Soviet By l 1 III. To effect a progressive further reduction after 1 November 1946 in order to arrive at parity in the size of the forces 0£ each power. IT. That in order to reduce the size of the occupying forces, each power will where practicable use to the maxirnum ,in the zones outside Vienna mobile police-type forces or other organizations and equipment that will reduce needs of manpower. V. That in specifying the size of the occupying forces,, the figures incl ude officers and men of l and, air, and sea forces. VI. That the figures as to size are maximum figures and that each of the occupying powers may in their discretion maintain garrisons of lesser strength. It must be borne in mind that the above figures are educated guesses, particularly for Soviets and to a lesser extent for French and British. Whereas US proposed reductions are probably more accurate they must depend on coordinated action by other powers." * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 13, 1945•-General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 hours and immediately saw General Brann~ 1The remainder of the morning he spent in conference with Mr. Erhardt, Ma-Jor Kretzman, Mr. Figl and Mr. Natirbov, concerning the recognition of the new government. Later he saw Colonel Sloan and Colonel Nygard . After seeing Colonel Cole who wished to thank the General for his picture t aken during a recent decoration ceremony, General Clark again saw General Tate. General Clark had lunch at 1300 hours and after conferring with Mr. Erhardt and General Brann, he left his office walking to his villa where he spent the rema~aer of the day working on correspondence. �General Clark sent the fol lowing message to General Patton who was seriously injured in an automobile accident in Mannheim, Germany: "Dear George: I and my entire command are praying for your speedy and complete recovery. MARK. n The following is a summary of the conversation between General Clark and Chancellor Designate Ing. Leopold Figl, and subsequent conversation between the Honorabl e John G. Erhardt, Political Adviser,and the Chancellor Designate. General Clark began the conversation by pointing out to Mr. Figl that he was interested in helping the Austrians to establish a government of their own as rapidly as possible. In view of the Soviet objections to the inclusion of some of the proposed members of the government the decision of the Allied Council has been referred to the meeting of the Executive Committee on the 14th of December, but General Clark was interested in mediating the difficulties before that meeting if it were possible to do so. General Clark asked Mr. Figl whether he had had an opportunity to discuss the subject matter of the conference with Dr. Gruber, and was assured that Mr. Figl had been informed of the conversation with Dr. Gruber. To General Clark's direct question as to whether he were willing to sacrifice the four individuals in question, Graf, Schumy, Korp, and Raab, in the interest of getting the new government established, recognized and functioning, Mr. Figl launched into an attempted defense of the Soviet allegations against the four individuals. General Clark pointed out that it was not a question of lack of confidence in these people, against whom we had no objections, but purely a question of circumventing the Soviet abil ity to indefinitely postpone the recognition of the Austrian Government by yielding on this point. Mr. Figl was apprehensive that if he yielded at this juncture further Ministers might be removed at Soviet request at a later time. General Clark pointed out that while, at present, the objections of one of the four powers could prevent the recognition of the new government, that after such recognition had taken piace any one of the four powers could prevent an attempted removal of an individual because it would continue to require unamimous decision. Mr. Figl f'el t that if he had to alter his government by substituting four or even three different individuals for those objected to he would lose the confidence of his party and of the Austrian people, besides the fact that he would be accused of pursuing personal advantage by sacrificing his friends and associates. When pressed for a direct statement, Mr. Figl insisted that he would feel compelled to resign and relinquish the formation of the government to some other individual . General Clark pointed out that this would not present a solution to the problem and that Mr. Figl, as the leader of his party, had a mandate from his constituency to form a government. On the �question of sacrificing his friends, General Clark pointed out that this decision should be made in conj unction with the friends in the interests of Austria as a whole. When pressed as to a possible compromise solution/Mr. Figl indicated that he would be willing to sacrifice Schumy and Korp if he would be allowed to retain Raab and Graf, although he was reluctant to yield on~ of these people. At this point, Mr. Figl proposed that he again at tempt to negotiat with Mr. Kisilev and .Marshal Koniev and suggested that the way had been left open for that by an invitation from .Mr. Kisilev to discuss these matters with him on Wednesday. He assured General Clark of his gratitude for the United States interest in attempting to untie the Gordian knot, and that he would report back by Wednesday evening on the results of further negotiations with the Russians. ( In a subsequent conversation with Mr. Erhardt, Mr. Figl took the same position. He was assured by Mr. Erhardt that the u.s. position was that Austrians who had been freely elected were entitled to sit in the government unless some definite evidence of a security nature was involved. Mr. Erhardt explained to Mr. Figl that he thought this was an attempt on the part of the Russians to save face in view of the loss of prestige they had suffered through the overwhelming Communist defeat in the recent election. He also informed Mr. Figl that he believed Marshal Koniev to be under instructions from Moscow to att.empt to reassert Russian influence in Austria through these moves. Mr. Erhardt suggested to Mr. Figl that he re-examine his cabinet and discuss the matter further with the Russians in order to see if a compromise solution might be reached before the meeting of December 14. General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff regarding the results of the Allied Council meeting of 10 December 1945. Reference No. P-7811: "Allied Council meeting 10 December was speedy. Most important point was Koniev statement he was not repeat not ready to discuss composition of Figl's new cabinet because of lack of time to study membership and because Figl had submitted no }:rogram. This was first time question of program was raised. Koniev attaep.ed great importance to program because this government must work under Allied Council. Suggestion adopted ·· to refer both matters to Executive liommittee meeting ].4. December . If that committee can agree Allied Council will act on 20 December. If they disagree, Allied Comcil will hold extraordinary meeting. I consider it vitally important that Fig1 1s government be recognized as soon as possible. Believe Koniev will stall if pos• sible. After Allied Council meeting he asked me in his office and stated that the Soviet objected to four members of suggested cabinet. Stated that if these four members were removed he would recommend that his government recognize Figl cabinet. My position is that the issue is more important than the individuais and I will do my utmost to get agreement in the new cabinet so that the"··government can receive early recommendation. �( General Clark sent the following message to Gen. Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Reference No. P-7960: "All members of the United States Forces in Austria who campaigned wi·t;h the magnificent Brazilian Expeditionary Forces in Italy join with me today in wishing you success in the important role you will play in Brazil's destiny. We shall never forget Brazil's great contribution to our final victory in the Mediterranean last May. I offer my sincere best wishes for the continuing welfare of your great _nation. 11 The following message was received from Chief of Staff , War Department, Washington, D. c. Reference No. WARX-88278: "REURAD USFA, P-7673 dated 9 December 1945, CITE PASGS relayed to CG USFET, MAIN WAR DEF ARTMENT. War Department proposed reply to State De• partment letter quoted in WARX 86274, 30 November 1945 partiall y as follows. "A. Agreement should be sought among the 4 Powers to reduce progressively occupation forces to these maximum figures on the dates indicated. (1) In Vienna for each power - 9000 on 1 February 1946, 8,000 on 1 July 1946, 5,000 on 1 November 1946. (2) ( Outside Vienna; Power United States 1 February 1946 31,000; 1 July 1946 16,000; 1 November 1946 12,500. Power France; 1 February 1946, 28,000; 1 July 1946, 16,000; 1 November 1946 12,500. Power, UK; 1 February 1946, 50,000; 1 July 1946, 30,000; 1 November 1946, 20,000, Power, USSR; l February 1946, 60,000; 1 July 1946, 40,000; l No• vember 1946, 28,000. 11 B. If State Department deems principle of establishing equalized Occupation Force figures important, figures for USSR should be used. In either case, proviso must be made that figures are maximum and need not be maintained but are to include all ranks of ground, air, and sea forces. Particularly in view of first assumption of para 2 ·of P-76~3, request your concurrence in or comment on the preceding paragraph this message. It should be pointed out that United States figures will not constitute approved troop strength, but will be subject to reduction by use of Police-type Unit and by other factors. 11 * l f * * �VIENNA••PECEMBER 14, 1945•-General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 0910 hours and immediately conferred with General Brann. At 1100 General Tate and General McMahon saw General Clark and were immediately followed by General Flory. Mr. Erhardt and :Mr. Mellen of the State Department conferred with General Clark on UNRRA and later Major Betz of PRO was called in to see the General. General McChrystal who had just come from the States called on the General later in the morning and was followed by Nir. Fodor whom General Clark asked to see. General Tate, General McMahon and Colonel Pesek talked with General Clark on Headquarters organization and were followed by Mr. Erhardt and Mr. Shaaf, of UNiffiA. The purpose of Mr. Shaaf •s visit was to give the General a clear picture of UNP..RA and its work. The General had lunch at 1330. At 1415 the General conferred shortly with General Tate and immediately following the General left his headquarters for his -villa where he remained for the rest of the day. General Clark sent the following message to General McNarney 1 USFET 1 Reference No. P-8050: I. I feel I must call to your attention the serious personnel situation developing in Austria. Our personnel requirements were recently furnished your G-3 in a detailed summary of personnel dispositions. I consider this summary as representing the minimum forces required to accomplish the tasks of winter occupation. Any material reduction in strength before spring will seriously interfere with border security, affect administration of displaced persons camps, reduce our ability to work and guard disarmed enemy forces, and curtail, if not eliminate, wood cutting for fuel to meet minimum needs in our zone, including Vienna, and to adequately administer military government. 11 ( 2. At present both the 42nd and 83rd Divisions are at approximate T/0 strength. Based on latest information concerning eligibility for rede• ployment, percentages of T/0 strength are estimated on dates indicated: 42nd Division, Jan 15 - 92; Feb 1 - 90; Feb 15 - 80; Marl - 80; Mar 15 70. 83rd Division Jan 15 - 64; Feb 1 - 64; Feb 15 - 50; Mar 1 - 50; Mar 15 - 45; Average of other combat units Jan 15 - 73; Feb 1 - 73; Feb 15 59; Marl - 59; Mar 15 - 46. Overall position for all troops, including service elements, Jan 15 - 76; Feb 1 - 76; Feb 15 - 63; Mar 1 - 63; Mar 15 50. As an example the 4th Cavalry Group of two squadrons, which arrived in Austria from Western Military District on November 27, arrived with 1,067 high or medium point score enlisted personnel out of an enlisted T/0 strength of' 1,463. These men will be redeployed, 500 by 10 January and the balance by 1 March. 11 �l;2o u3. To correct the above deficiencies there should be furnished balanced reinforcements to cover our current requisitions and future requisitions to be submitted in accordance with personnel procedures, as follows: During early January 8,000 of which up to 4,000 may contain enlisted men with point scores in appropriate brackets for return to US with the 83rd Division in April; on 1 February 3,000 on 1 March 2,000. Informal advice from your G-1 indicates we may be allotted 4,300 replacements for arrival in January. If this becomes a firm allotment the above requirement for January is reduced accordingly. I desire to emphasize however that these 4,300 replacements should arrive early in January to give relief we need. 4. I realize the difficulties you are havi ng in obtaining personnel replacements and I recognize the pressure you are under as to redeployment. I feel however, that unless the strength of my small force is kept near T/0 strength t his winter our ability to cope with the problems with which I am charged by the Joint Chi.ef of Staff, will be critically taxed and I vdll be forced to eliminate many essential · ·tasks. I am particularly concerned over the displaced persons problems. Any relaxing of administration of our displaced persons camps is apt to cause wrest among camp occupants and develop repercussions detrimental to our national interests. Furthermore we rely to a great extent upon disarmed enemy troops for performing many of our service tasks • 'l1his places a heavy demand upon our troops for guards. 11 5. I have just received. word that my command is being asked to furnish 26 officers and 396 enlisted men to Theater Service Forces as a cadre for a Graves Registration Regiment. As detailed above the personnel situation in Austria is now so critical that I must strongly request reconsideration. 11 6. I shall appreciate anything you can do to keep my units at approximate T/0 Strength. 8 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECEiviBER 15, 1945•-General Clark walked to his office from his villa arriving at 1000 hours. After his arrival he drew the four prizewinning names in the War Bond contest all of which went to enlisted men. After seeing Mr. Erhardt for a long conference the General again saw General Tate and Colonel Pesek and left his headquarters at 1215 and walked with Mr. Erhardt and General Saltzman down through the business section of the city in order to get a close view of the people . He then preceded to the Bristol Hotel where he looked over the recreational facilities which the hotel offered. He arrived at his villa around 1430 hours in the afternoon. 00Q hours General Clark had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Erhardt, ount Larisch:and other guests at the Bristol Hotel and later saw the floor s~ ristol Room. ,( I , ~ :{ fa \s IP' f f\l -I £ HJf ,J1 f DJ lt;..( I u. ' 8 & f �General Clark received the following message from Field Marshal Alexander: "Tank you so very much for your kind birthday greetings. I am very touched that you should have remembered it. Remember me to any of my old friends and my best personal wishes to you. I shall look forward to seeing you when I go to Canada in March." Maj. Gen. Leven c. Allen, Hq, 15th u.s. Army, sent the following message to General Clark from General Patton. "Your kind telegram received and read to General Patton. He and Mrs. Patton much appreciate your thoughtfulness." * * * * VIENNA--DECEI\IIBER 16, 1945-•General Clark remained at his villa during the day spending most of the morning walking with General Saltzman. Again in the afternoon he went for a long walk and in the evening had dinner with Colonel Martin and other guests . * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 17, 1945--General Clark walked to his office arriving at 0930. He conferred with General Tate who was followed by General Brann. After a short conference with General Tate, General Clark saw General Brann, General Sullivan and General F~ory and Colonel Rundell on the pressing economic proglems to be considered in the forthcoming Allied Council meeting. Shortly thereafter the General conferred with General Lewis, General Tate, Col. Knudsen and Colonel Eberhard on the food and fuel problem. At 1300 hours the General had lunch and immediately after conferred with General Brann and 1\/Ir. Erhardt. After seeing General Tate, General Clark left his headquarters and walked with General Brann and General Sullivan to his vill a where he spent the evening. He had a few members of his staff for dinner, Colonel D1 0rsa and Colonel Lazar among those invited, and later the General and his guests played poker. General Clark sent · the following message to the Chief of Staff, War Department (pass to Secretary of State). Reference No. P-8227: n1. Responsible Austrian officials state that Austrian Government has no present intention of protesting Soviet control of ex-German Oil Companies and Soviet refining program. (Ref War 87409). They point out that Soviet-Austrian relations in regard to oil became strained during SANAFTA (Soviet-Austrian State Oil Company) negotiations, and during the present unconfirmed status of the Austrian Government only increase of tension would result if Austrian authorities reopened discussions on oil. �tJ 2. Details of Soviet refinery program will be forwarded as soon as assembled. Soviet program aims at maximum gasoline production, of which product Austrian crude yields about 5 per cent. Former German refineries which Soviets regard as their property are .favored in allocating crude oil for treatment. 3. We are advised by the British that they have no present intention of protesting to the Soviets to obtain more Austrian oil for the benefit of Austria. They point out that such protest should originate with the Austrian Government when firmly constituted after which they might support it in the Control Council. They consider it tactically inadvisable for one member of the Council to originate this protest toward another member on behalf of Austria. The British further indicate that within their zone t~EL-Y control the production and determine the disposition of Austrian resources and this is similar to the control of oil being exercised by the Soviets in the Soviet zone. The British suggest that effective pooling of Austrian resources may not be achieved until the occupation zones are abolished. (The British view here reflected was obtained from E.A. Berthoud, Economic Advisor to General McCreary.) 11 4. We are planning action along the, lines of para 3 of your 87409. It may be desirable, however, that action be deferred until recognition of an Austrian Government is complete if this is not unduly delayed. Details of the oil situation here and of our proposed actions will be forwarded as soon as they are organized." 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECE1W3ER 18, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 0845 and immediately conferred with General Tate. General Brann with Colonel Deutsch was called in to discuss the agenda for the Allied Council meeting and later Colonel Rundell was also cal led in on the conference. Mr. Erhardt talked with the General shortly after 1000 and at 1040 General Clark, Mr . Erhardt and General Brann left the Headquarters for the Allied Council meeting. The General returned to his headquarters at 1500 and held a press conference at 1515 which was attended by M. W. Fodor, Chicago Sun; Seymour Friedin, New York Herald Tribune; Lynn Heinzerling, Associated f'ress; John MacCormac, New York Times; Maurice Moran , Associated Press; Panos Morphopoulos, Newsweek; Harold Queen, United Press; After the press conference the General left his office for his villa where he spent the remainder of the day. * * * * �VIENNA- -DECEMBER 19, 1945- -General Clark arrived in his office at 0900 and immediately conferred with General Brann and General Tate, leaving his office for the opening of Parliament at 0950 . He attended the opening of the Austrian Parliament at 1000 along with the three Allied Commanders , returning to his office at 1200 where he promoted 12 officers and decorated one with the Bronze Star. He then conferred with Colonel Pesek who was followed by General Tate . At 1315 the General had lunch and after conferring with General Brann, left his headquarters at 1440 for the Hofburg Palace where the USFA art exhibit was to be held. The General presided at the opening of the exhibition which marked the returning of the art master pieces of Austria to the Austrian people . As representative of this , General Clark presented in a short speech the pieces of art to Mr. Figl, head of the new Austrian Government . Included among the guests were officers of the four Allied Powers and members of the Austrian government and Austrian circles . The General left the Palace at 1700 hours returning to his villa where he had dinner with General Tate . At 2100 hours General Clark left his villa for the Franz Joseph Bonhofe where he boarded his private train for Hinter stoder. The General will spend three or four days at his hunting lodge . Colonel Ostler and Colonel Martin accompanied the General on his trip. * * * * VIENNA--DECEJ.i.ffiER 20 1945--Tbe General and his party detrained for the lodge at 0900 hours, :.and lunched at 1500 ~t the lodge. Immediately following lunch., General Clark and Col. Martin went hunting but saw no deer during the entire afternoon. The following message was sent to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference number P- 8565: The Council also approved: 1) a telegram to UNRRA asking for stated amounts emergency supplies during first two months 1946; 2) recrnnmendations of Legal Division on various laws of Renner government including those necessary to establish new governments; 3) directive to Reparations Division to develop general plan for handling United Nations property in Austria; 4) plan for supervising review of alleged election irregularities and prosecution of election law violations; 5) clarification of censorship civilian telecommunication and post (such services to open 27 December if technically possible); 6) prohibition of wearing German military uniforms after 15 January and instruction to Austrian government to pass necessary law to enforce; 7) Tone of meeting good and business transacted speedily.u 11 * * * * �VIENNA--DECEMBER 21, 1945--The General went out hunting at 0900 hours and returned in the late afternoon with a 10-point deer and a doe. * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 22, 1945--Lt. Clark arrived at the hunting lodge from Salzburg at 0930 hours. Shortly after his arrival, General Clark and Lt. Clark went hunting. The day proved unsuccessful owing to the fact that the snow had melted to a large extent and the dear had retreated to the tops of the mountains. General Clark sent the following to Mrs . George S. Patton, upon news that General Patton had passed away as a result of an automobile accident. "My deepest sympathies. The world has lost a great soldier. 11 -* * * * VIENNA-- DECEMBER 23, 1945--General Clark left his hunting lodge and boarded his train at Hinterstoder station at 1000 hours and arr ived in Vienna at 1730 hours . During the trip the General played bridge with Colonel Martin, Colonel Ostler and Lt . Traugott . General Clark was met by Captain Luther at the Franz Josef Station and was escorted to his villa where he had dinner with General Saltzman, Captain Luther, Lt . Traugott , Lt . Clark, Lt . Gruenther and Lt. Broughton. Lt. Clark and Lt. Broughton arrived Sunday morning to spend the holiday with Ge~eral Clark in Vienna. After dinner the General retired early. * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 24, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 and immediately talked with Colonel Pesek concerning the arrangements being made for his "At Homen on Christmas evening. At 11 o'clock General Clark saw Judge Rifkind, who just arrived from Frankfurt. Judge Rifkind is investigating the conditions of Jewish DP.a. At 1130 General Clark decorated and promoted 29 officers at a ceremony held in the Conference Room in the Bank Building. With General Brann and General Saltzman, General Clark visited the opening of the ISB Propaganda Exhibit at 1215 . Upon leaving the exhibition the General went to his vil l a where he had lunch with General Saltzman and Lt. Cl ark. The General rested a short time in the afternoon and at 1600 had 135 of the children who live in the vicinity of his villa into his house for a Christmas party. General Clark spent the rest of the evening at his house. * * * * �VIENNA--DECEivIBER 25, 1945--General Clark spent the morning at his villa with Lt. Clark. At 1600 in the afternoon General Clark entertained 300 members of his headquarters , Austrian Government, War Correspondents and friends at an Egg Nog Party at his vi ll&. The last guests left at 2000. At 2100 the General , with General Saltzman, Captain Luther, Lt. Clark, Lt. Traugott, Lt . Gruenther and Lt. Broughton had Christmas Dinner at his villa. He retired shortly thereafter . The following message was received from the Chief of Staff, War Department, Washington, D. C. Reference No. WAR 90032: "State Department advises that United States government approves recognition of new Austrian govt . It is suggested that you consult other representatives of Allied Council to seek simultaneous announcement of recognition. 11 The following is General Clark's Christmas message to the Austrian people: nThis year Christmas brings new joy and hope to the people of Austri_a as they observe the birth of the Christ Child . "Liberated from the yoke of Hitl erism, free once again to practice the religion of their choice, and regaining many of the bl essings they formerly enjoyed , Austrians will have a Christmas enriched over the previous war-torn years . The Allied Forces are helping Austria obtain these blessings, and shall continue to do so until the country is fully re-established as a free and independent nation. u·wn.ile much of the festive spirit of the holidays may be l acking this season as an after math of the war, you may find a great measure of comfort and joy in the lmowledge that the promise of peace and good will to all mankind has been fulfil l ed . "As Commanding General of the United States Troops in Austria, I wish you, on behalf of my forces, a blessed and Merry Christmas, as well as a Happy New Year. 11 CHRISTMAS MESSAGE TO UNITED STATES FORCES, AUSTRIA 0n this first peace-time Christmas Day in four long years, we can once again be thankful and merry. The victory is won; the peace restored throughout the world. No longer do our l oved ones hold that fear which they held for our safety while the battle r aged . Today they await our homecoming. 11 nThey realize, however, that we are presently in Austria to secure the peace to future generations , to the lasting benefit of our America and of all nations . They lmow, as we do, that we cannot leave our tasks here until we complete our individual contributions to the success of that high mission . �') Today as you and I recall the Christmas Days of of those which we shall again know in the years to come, measure of comfort and joy in the knowledge th~t we have this year that first Christmas promise of peace and good 11 noo. the past and dream we find a great helped fulfill will to all man- · "With humble gratitude for your continuing efforts here, and with full confidence in our determination to advance the cause of liberty and peace, I, as your commander, offer you my thanks and my sincere wishes for a happy holiday season. I trust that next Christmas will find many of us united once more with our families at home. . "A Merry Christmas to each and every one of you, and a Happy, Successful New Year." * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 26, 1945--General Clark remained at his villa until 1000 hours, at which time he walked to his headquarters. After seeing General Brann, and General Tate for short conferences, he spoke to Mr. Erhardt and after taking care of accumulated correspondence, he left his headquarters for his villa. Lt. Clark accompanied him. The General spent the remainder of the afternoon and evening at his villa. * * * * VIEN.NA--DECEMBER 27, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 1000 hours. He immediately saw General Tate, who was followed by General Sullivan. After a second conference with General Tate, the General left his headquarters for his villa, walking with Lt. Clark. In the eveni ng the General had guests in, to play poker. * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 28, 1945--General Clark arrived at his headquarters at 0930 hours. Immediatel~ he conferred with General Tate and then had a long conference with General S'al tzman. After seeing General Tate a second time, he conferred with Mr. Gray. The General took care of al l accumulated business and left shortly after ward to have lunch at his villa. He spent the remainder of the day at his residence, taking a long walk in the afternoon. * * * �VIENNA-DECEi\IBER 29, 1945-- General Clark arrived at his office at 1030 hours . At 1045 hours he conferred with Mr. Mosley of the British Government, Mr. Erhardt and Mr . Thompson of the American Embassy at London. At 1145 hours General Clark was interviewed by Joseph Israel and Seymour Friedin, war correspondents . General Haynes introduced his cousin, Colonel Benford, at 1212 hours and immediately afterward Mr . Erhardt and General T~te talked with General Clark. At 1300 hours General Clakk received a call from General Collins, Commander of the 42nd Divisioh, who announced the sad news that General Donald W. Brann, Deputy Commanding General, had fallen while on a hunting trip and had been killed. This was a sudden and sad blow to General Clark and the entire headquarters . The General immediately conferred with General Tate and General McMahon on the course to be followed and at 1400 left his headquarters for his villa. During the afternoon he talked with General Saltzman and General McMahon, also General Tate, on the plans for General Brann 1 s funeral . At 1700 General Saltzman and Captain Luther left Vienna to go to Salzburg to bring back General Brann•s body. General Clark remained at his villa the remainder of the night . General Clark sent the following message to General Eisenhower. Reference No . I ''Supplementary details accident are that hunting party consisted of Generals Brann and Burress with local guides and ass istant guides , all equipped for hunting in .Austrian Tyrolean mountains near Kitzbuhel. During morning 29 December they moved up precipitious mountain on good path to hunt chamois . General Brann with guide took highest position in hunting station. Below him and out of sight at another station was ~eneral Burress and guide . According to reports of guides with General Brann he fired from sitting position at chamois located to his front and below his location. He then rose to fire from standing position when he slipped and fell forward down the cliff s i de . Time accident estimated at 1130 hours . Location of fall not readily accessible to guides so rescue party with doctor was organized and reached his location some time later . Doctor promounced him dead and indications were that he died instantaneously from the fall . HFuneral will be at Vienna at 1000 hours, 31 December with interment at Castlefiorentino Military Cemetery in Italy on January 2, 1946 . 11 * * * * VIENNA--DECEMBER 30, 1945--General Clark arrived at his office at 0930 hours. He conferred with General Tate and General McMahon on the arrangements for receiving General B·rann' s body that evening, and for the arrangements to be made for the trip to Italy where General Brann will be buried. The General left his office at 1200 hours and spent the afternoon at his villa . At 1700 he went to the 110th Gen. Hospital, where he met the entourage which was bringing General Brann's body back to Vienna. He witnessed the placing of the casket in the chapel of the hospital and immediately thereafter returned to his villa . It was indeed a sad blow to General Clark, for he not only lost a fellow officer, but a sincere friend of long standing. * * * * �VIENNA--DECEMBER 31, 1945--General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0900 hours. He immediately saw General Tate, who brought him up-to-date on the final arr angements for the ceremonies for General Brann. At 0910 hours he saw General Collins, and Gen. Burress, who had been with General Brann when he was kil l ed. General Macon, Commander of the 83d Division and General Montahue, Artillery Commander, 83d Division., saw General Clark at 0915, along with Colonel Marvin, and Colonel Ladue, personal representatives of General Truscott. At 0940, General Zhe1tov, Soviet Deputy Commander came to General Clark to pay his and Marshal Koniev•s condolences. At 1000 hours General Cl ark went to the chapel in the Allianz Building where the funeral services for General Brann were to be held. General Clark, Wir. Erhardt, General Tate, General Saltzman, General Sullivan and General Lewis acted as honorary pall-bearers. After a very short and simple ceremony, Gener al Brann' s body was pl.aced upon a half-track at the head of the funeral procession which was escorted by members of the Military Police Battalion, while the honor guard of the 42d Division presented arms. The funeral procession pulled out at 1015 hours for the Meidling station, where the train departed for Italy at 1130 hours. General Clark's train bearing the body of Maj. Gen. Donald W. Brann left Vienna for F'lorence, Italy, at 1130 hours. Among the passengers were Brig . Generals Moran, Lewis, Sullivan and Saltzman; Colonels Lazar, Porter and Paxson_; Lt. Col. McGrory, Capt. Jordan and Lt. Traugott. The casket bearing the remains was placed in the officers lounge and was surrounded by wreaths which had been sent by the Al lied Commanders and the vari ous USFA Divisions and Sections. * * * FLOPENCE, ITALY--JANUARY 1, 1946-•.Arriving in Florence at 1700 hours the train was met by Lt. Col. Dresser. General Clark and some of the officers proceeded to the Excelsior. Hotel while the rest remained abroad for final arrangements for the burial. That night everyone ate dinner at the Excelsior Hotel with the exception of Gen. Clark and General Sal tzman who dined out with some friends. * FLOI-iENCE, ITALY--JJ.NUARY 2, 1946--At 1030 hours General Clark arrived at the cemetery near Castel Fiorentino, for the burial services of Maj. Gen. Brann. Among those present besides the General and his officers .we~e Lt. Gen. Sir John Harding and Brig. Gen. O:xx. The services began at the graveside with the sermon delivered by Chaplain (Col.) Brown, at the conclusion of which the American flag was taken from the casket and given to Lt. Col. McCrory, sonin-}aw, of Major Gen. Brann. The firing party consisting of eight men from the 202 MP Bn, fired three volleys, followed by the sounding of taps which concl uded the services. Before leaving the cemetefy- the General exchanged a few words with General Harding and General Chae who had arrived just after the services had begun, and visited the grave of Lt. Col. John T. Walker. After lunch the General went to the china factory to see the dishes �which are being made for theGeneral . Back in Florence l ater that afternoon the General took a walk and in the evening called on Mr. Berenson , . The Gener al had dinner with friends in Florence . * * * * FLORENCE, ITALY--J.ANUARY 3, 19/4h--At 2345 hours the General's train left Florence for Vienna and was en route during the day. The train arrived at Meidl ing Station at 0330 on January 4 . * * * * VIENNA-- JANUARY 4, 1946-- The passengers detrained at 0730 after breakfast on the train. General Clark went immediately to his villa where he spent the remainder of the day . He took care of accumuJ.ated correspondence during the morning and had lunch with Lt . Clark and General Tate . General Tate f'r apent the larger part of the afternoon conferring with General Clark an~ t:"f~ f later the General went for a walk. In the evening Mr. and Mrs . Denby--"W'ere! J)•l ' guests for dinner . Later in the evening General Clark learned that the ~l .tiussian authorities had recognized the new Austrian Government and that Marshal Koniev had sent written and verQal messages to Mr . Figl, Chancellor of Austria , upon this subject. This caused great concern to -General Clark and General Tate because of the previous agreement by the Four Powers to make a Four Power announcement of the recognition of the Austrian Government. Lt . Col . Kretzman, the General ' s interpreter, was sent to talk with Mr . Figl on this subject and both General Cherriere and General Packard were consulted by telephone . * * * * VIENN A--JANUARY 5, 1946--General Clark arrived at his office at 0945 hours. He immediately conferred with General McMahon and then with General Tate upon subjects to be taken up at the Executive Committee meeting to be held later in the day . Col . McCaffrey was cal led in on the conference. Later General Clark conferred with Mr . Gray who is in charge of the Political Division in Mr . Erhardt 1 s absence . The General discussed the recognition of the new government with Mr. Gray and during the discussion Col . Kretzman came with a message from i1r . Figl concerning the recognition . Later Mr. Gray, Major Betz and Col . Pesek discussed the publicity angle and the sending of mes ages to the War. Department on the same subject . After conferring with General McMahon, General Clark saw Mr . Fodor and Mr. MacCormac, war correspondents. General Moran saw the General at 1240 concerning his departure for the States, and at 1300 hours General Clark saw General McMahon again. The General left his office at 1300 and spent the remainder of the day at his home . ( �General Clark sent the following message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Reference No. P-0271: "Reference my P-0234 and P-9244 have secured agreement t hat four occupying powers and Austrian Government will announce simultaneously recognition of new Austrian Government at 1200 hours Vienna time Monday January 7th. I will make announcement to United States press here accordingly and assume that release will be made at same time in United States." * * * * VIENNA--JAl.~UARY 6, 1946--GeneraJ Clark arrived at his office at 1000 hours and conferred with Lt. Col. De Wald on the annovncement of the returning of the crovm jewels to the Austrian people. This announcement will be made in the General's speech at the ceremony at the founding of the Austro-American Society at 1100. General Clark conferred with Lt. Col. Kretaman on the subject to be discussed in his speech and at 1055 dep~rted with General Tate and General McMahon for the Music Hall where the ceremony was to be held. The General was met by a commi ttee and escorted to the reception room where he met Dr. Kauders, President of the Austro•American Society. Dr. Kauders escorted the Generail to his box at which time the concert began. After the Mozart Symphony, Dr. Kauders gave a fifteen minute address and was followed by General Cl ark who gave a ten-minute speech. The reception of the speech by the Austrian audience was tremendous. The announcement of the return of the crown jewels to the Austrian people was accepted with tremendous ovatioD• Genera l Clark l eft the concert immediately after this speech, returning to his villa where he had lunch with General Tate and General McMahon. At 1730 General Cl ark went to a cocktail party given by Mr. and Mrs. Denby. Leaving the Denby 1 s the General returned to his residence, accompanaed by Gener al Saltzman and later had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Denby, Mr. Ware Adams, General Saltzman, Miss /ensen and Lt. Col. Kretzman. * * * * VIENNA--J.ANUARY 7, 1946--General Cl ark arrived at his office at 0945 after having walked from his villa. He immedi ately conferred with General McMahon, Chief of Staff, and later saw General Tate. At 1030 General Cl ark conferred with the committee which had been appointed to investigate the conditions surrounding the bringng of families overseas. The committee consisted of General Ladue, Colonel Martin, Col. Lazar, Col. DJOrsa and General McMahon sitting in on the conference. After t he conference General McMahon and General Tate remained and at 1100 hours General McMahon brought Col. Pesek into see General Clark concerning the arr angements for a party to be held on the 20th. At 11:15 General Clark conferred again with General Tate, and after taking care of al l accumulated correspondence, left with General Sullivan and General Saltzman with whom he had lunch. General Cl ark walked to his vill a where he stayed the rest of the day. In the evening General Cl.ark invited General McChrysta.l, meneral Lewis, General Saltzman, Colonel D'Orsa, and Colonel Lazar for dinner and poker. * * * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clark, Mark W. Diaries Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark (1896-1984) was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served in World War I and World War II, and was President of The Citadel from 1954 to 1965. <a href="http://www3.citadel.edu/museum/Clark_Inventory.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This finding aid describes Clark's archival collection at The Citadel Archives</a>, the bulk of which covers Clark's World War II career and his time as Citadel President.<br /><br />This collection features diary entries from June 1942 to December 1950. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP Clark Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mark W. Clark Diary, October 31, 1945 - January 7, 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Clark, Mark W. (Mark Wayne), 1896-1984. World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945—Personal narratives, American Military campaigns. United States—History, Military—20th century. Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource Mark W. Clark's World War II diaries were kept by an aide. These entries are from October 31, 1945 - January 7, 1946. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived CP 9 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Relation A related resource Mark W. Clark Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1671 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/062319dd90a709650d45a7fa3c0c31ae.jpg?Expires=1787184000&Signature=L59lDTCPwsojkxhT3FTF5QSSoROWvJdgRvYgqtWZh2bEmRDMy9oUv18euRiysoO91i5qTmJ9jvInejyqP1qVtXSW2OP4QHdljkhbMyW-bwaV2FSQccTUQwP1Dligl%7ESi860iryKr1NE0ggrWxeF7oc96aIPCOL8Se8C%7EgyEIyxM8QOXf1%7EBQQ7RN%7ED7tSfccfcjQSv6SfeGgu3pPCYbgL5DTM9BYBaK2uidFhpzYRPwUSpEOKiR0ZGx0Fi7I3wkRHi5aUgdCSm40UyKztC5isnvLnyw2Vwd7JRhjvNoEWTUpce96qsqbyWDb1W2Ku6cn3tc8KXttZ8FAwjuKQuYR0Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8a5f08465c2616453fe83347731a55ea https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/6832124deb58d89fb7e26bb342e21c08.jpg?Expires=1787184000&Signature=UMdFJmGUOVf8gsE%7E8wu9ya71uUISQhsrRV20wl92UlMawzgkG-blFJpigHVdrwjPTfcssTlKR4QSsirxojcDBlfdnMrld-PSVb-wpzq8pUsz-eVXj3dJJ6uysZnAm4ZueuGY1Y2X%7EciPtMORJIR0jbnzlzmJu3UbEEG0xcXEs1fu8gHlxET0DYvJWO6LseUE4c43ORnTz9BDw82cpBE2-tLVDtWPHTF5%7Ez%7EU8M6vvNk4jlLKLI7rybR7xcoYeuzsViQTkQxa1RSpSqag1jA9cmBW9uChWQrtk2yvCy-RoJsgLREKbRW9EPz%7ESL9EOuPUNuKM3pGgxeuh9WK05lUmzw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2530b4fd35d0aab856a7a3bbf0a61207 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/af3aba38f2e4271a75d8911395eca8ab.jpg?Expires=1787184000&Signature=ZMoNHhWbGF50q2caW%7EGYNExI59syaOUYxKi57P2YoR%7E2oTaZKIaaTH04wq1LDHvw0WyfULC2krqxDB86qeuRaNnsSKUMePBvskrfDuwaCcywMx7K1XOMbUK7XAVq1TxYF661KE18G8-NPqhoqbC%7EAIc2jauy4-K7NpquWTT8kSCGZIDKAQyUtWZgXWa3a0wsUmFSzBke7DuPMxZYPq1Q8G9lysy2H5ISRpvcYprlS94GjYE9Chvfoh814yic8c5%7EKj7u%7Ek5XBNkITrKnBn5YZ4PX40a6E0LTQA1jaXTcDYp30TEM7Rhk2MOBxB3M6dTv72X9rV4l98qzpLDapgnryg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2576867648eaf64bac8b2a6c31e862c7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/87066fcf6a9008c3011940814502d33d.jpg?Expires=1787184000&Signature=c2W5Kb-fP2TPyyg33T5xsAoH4W1hZNgCZW9T4nv6PbArQZrJi7zKCIIHDCSupKh12St5WnfZ4nuY3-cOALCG3V33abL6YGx4k5CY0m8GF8aBDIvrIKpFbKpgEQWOsQ6o07IiL9bit4-99unziIRk95BWP3%7EVHBJSIYNxdR15%7EfQlq6ERbQ9XOejvQqHHZwVho2c6zv53x-3Vrc0cD3qyvFaboGJhunFP5EcQJ3A1u9IyO3emiHufy8LhVhAo75YEorirP6wFKO3LZhvVVCLpjy7ZjlqjpkkTO1NtFOwbwg8W0AF37OZbwa%7Ec80oPUeipyNee47xjmZxHt2FBx3EvJw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8ddfbfdbae46b0d2d5166c5d5407dff7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/32bf4c8c06ecbaf4f2422a790e7a73df.jpg?Expires=1787184000&Signature=NpExXE-MC6VNCBrc9Dpj9IIYIpHSkGdBbbW-vow7onXJ05axGXLStSSepw4OU7LpclbKg-CE9qSodoP3uTnqnNmUl7ikDcFuAvfUgOpnr9P9ALxT3ZQHeflu9M3QO8A6RrqPimSZ80LDnr88X9euGPbiANA2JxSqRa3G6TKoFpbAQyFuOrX1SsgqLO6%7EUH7UA33IMlJM-sIvJdO%7EGaAVhY18O4DKGxJY%7EFqvdkwEwRHzWFay816%7Ee4j%7E3zLHmXhwRuMmNEl6M9y2pnD%7Eirnl2dv7U6X7eWQFlgkDuiVzw21RclhRxetyNezJP-1lfx7tCRH-O6Ow0QtKh7Vr7chaSg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 07915832c1856000b1aa6f2e13fbad6f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Museum Ring Collection, 1895-2000 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Subject The topic of the resource Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Description An account of the resource <p class="p1"><span class="s1">The oldest known Citadel Class Ring dates to 1895, and features a dark stone with the year '95 inscribed in the center. Early rings changed design from year to year until the design was standardized in 1940. A special war ring was made for those who had been called to active duty directly from The Citadel at the close of the 1942-1943 academic year. This war ring was unique in that it did not have class numerals.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Citadel Class Rings for the Corps of Cadets feature an oval crest with a Palmetto tree and the South Carolina State Seal with the graduating class numerals. The words “The Military College of S.C. 1842” wrap around the oval. The right side of the ring depicts the United States and South Carolina flags, cannon balls, and a star representing the Star of the West steamship that cadets fired upon in January of 1861. The left side depicts a crossed sword and rifle with oak leaves and laurel wreath.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">For more information, visit <a href="http://www.citadelalumni.org/s/1674/alumni/index.aspx?sid=1674&amp;gid=1001&amp;pgid=391" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Citadel Alumni Association's Cadet Ring History &amp; Symbolism</a> website.</span></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Museum Ring Collection Relation A related resource Museum Ring Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/23 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Charleston (S.C.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Citadel Class Ring, 1946. George M. Rooks Jr. Subject The topic of the resource Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/704 Description An account of the resource George Rooks entered The Citadel in 1943 and completed two years before he registered for the draft, entering the Army in March of 1945. He learned while attending basic training in Georgia that honorably discharged Citadel cadets in military service could order a class ring, and received his in the mail before he left basic training. He returned to The Citadel in 1947, and graduated as a Veteran student in 1948. His first ring was for 1946. Over time that ring became worn, and when his wife ordered him a replacement ring (1948) he presented the 1946 ring to The Citadel.<br /><br />***<br /><p class="p1"><span class="s1">The oldest known Citadel Class Ring dates to 1895, and features a dark stone with the year '95 inscribed in the center. Early rings changed design from year to year until the design was standardized in 1940. A special war ring was made for those who had been called to active duty directly from The Citadel at the close of the 1942-1943 academic year. This war ring was unique in that it did not have class numerals.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Citadel Class Rings for the Corps of Cadets feature an oval crest with a Palmetto tree and the South Carolina State Seal with the graduating class numerals. The words “The Military College of S.C. 1842” wrap around the oval. The right side of the ring depicts the United States and South Carolina flags, cannon balls, and a star representing the Star of the West steamship that cadets fired upon in January of 1861. The left side depicts a crossed sword and rifle with oak leaves and laurel wreath.</span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">For more information, visit <a href="http://www.citadelalumni.org/s/1674/alumni/index.aspx?sid=1674&amp;gid=1001&amp;pgid=391" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Citadel Alumni Association's Cadet Ring History &amp; Symbolism</a> website.</span></p> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived A1992.007 Relation A related resource Museum Ring Collection Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Date Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. 1940-1949 Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. Citadel Class of 1946 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/39779/archive/files/803f1e19483e83a2cebddd2443dc42eb.pdf?Expires=1787184000&Signature=spcTi%7EOH6ALHyqeisnY2LjmEj4zY4FyihD%7EL2G97vak9IraqoMI4nnG8xQ91bfC77hEXtkgwMlo1SCadkDRmV3i1ftuGnaB7FtiS0kfIN7lDhMQnmMSVNd8wmeKI9ipYt3BiGHO%7Ehp31QkCtPOV44nzIocEzEqr5TEAv4Ma80ZKau9Jx3wHpanQ572mC%7ELmHqjcGpBKictL8fTtsKn4197a7BKSGgcHYPIC-VsHnUlpJrj05ai46LJj1sLtOzoNJptW8DrteIujkoddvJ6VCaYeEScV%7Eu-FTtlodmluZpEb4grcvNbyux%7EsB-cOBEgraiHTEzJ-rAnXrJHN%7EnPi%7ELA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e1fd46cc4d5b8f32f8f28801e5557d45 PDF Text Text THE CITADEL. ARCHIVES AND MUSEUM ANNUAL REPORT OF THE r BOARD OF VISITORS OF THE CITADEL THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA FOR THE YEAR 1945-46 PRINTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF SOUTH CAROLINA ' �,l ... ... Ji I r �ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF VISITORS OF THE CITADEL THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLI NA FOR THE YEAR 1945-46 PRINTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF SOUTH CAROLINA ��THE CITADEL THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA CHARLESTON September 16, 1946. To the State Superintendent of Education, Columbia, Soitth Carolina. Dear Sir: I have the honor to sut,>mit the following annual ·report of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, for transmission to the General Assembly. The enrolment for the year ending June 15, 1946, was 427 Cadets and 245 Veteran Students. Registration by classes was as follows: First Class, 20 Cadets and 34 Veteran Students; - Second Class, 42 Cadets and 37 Veteran Students; Third Class, 67 Cadets and 42 Veteran Students; Fourth Class, 298 Cadets and 132 Veteran Students. There were 218 Cadets and 144 Veteran Students from South Carolina. The distribution among counties was as follows: Cadets Abbeville Aiken ----Allendale ----------Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley -----------------Calhoun ---Charleston _________ Cherokee ---------Chester ---------------Chesterfield Clarendon -----------------Colleton -----Darlington -----------Dillon _________ · Dorchester __________________ Edgefield ----· ------------ 0 8 ----------------- 2 2 4 2 6 0 1 59 1 4 2 1 6 3 4 3 0 Veteran Students 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 74 1 1 0 0 3 3 2 1 1 �4 Fairfield ______________ _ __ _ 1 Florence ___________ ____ 12 Georgetown -----------------------------------· 4 Greenville ----- - - -- -- - -· 9 Greenwood ____ --------· ------------------------ 4 Hampton ----- ------------------------- 1 Horry ___________ ·----------------------------------- L1 Jasper _____________________________ 1 -· Kershaw -------------------------- - - 3 Lancaster ----··---------------------· ·------------ 3 Laurens __-------------------------------- • ______ 1 Lee ______________________•. ___________________________ 1 Lexington _______________ 4 McCormick --------------------- - - - - 0 Marion ---------------------------------------------- 3 Marlboro ___________ ______________________________ ·3 New berry -------------------------------------- _ 1 Oconee ____________ __ _ _ _ _ 0 Orangeburg · __ ,________________________________ 9 - Pi ck ens --------------------------------- __________ 1 Richland ------------------------------------------ 16 Saluda ---------------------------------------------- 0 Sp art an burg ------------------------------------ 10 Sumter ---------------------------------------------- 5 Uni on ----------------------------------------------- 1 ·williamsburg ---------------------------------- 4 York _______________ ____________ _ _ _ 9 ... 218 0 3 2 3 1 2 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 5 1 4 1 7 5 0 3 4 144 SCHOLARSHIPS The City of Charleston supports six scholarships of the value of $250.00 per annum each. The Crouch Scholarship has a value of $150.00 annually, and the William States Lee Scholarship of $150.00 per ·year. The Fifth Field Artillery and the First Field Artillery Brigade Scholarships have a value of $833.50 each, or full payment of all fees. They are donated hv Colonel Robert R. McCormick and are limited to the State of Illinois. It is regretted that Mrs. ,Tessie H. Metcalf has discontinued the three scholarships which she had so generously given. �5 Mrs. Anne Jones Geary, of New York, donates two full-paid scholarships for South Carolina cadets with a value of $693.50 each. · Two scholarships with a value of $250.00 each have . been inaugurated from the income of a fund donated to The Citadel by Mr. Bernard M. Baruch. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE The instructional staff for the year 1945-1946 numbered 48, distributed as follows: Professors ______________ ___________ 13 Associate professors ------------------------------------------ 9 Assistant professors ________________________ 21 Instructors ____ ________ ______ __________________ ______________________ 2 The administrative staff numbered 12, two being also on the instructional staff. A report of the receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year 1945-1946 is appended hereto. The· college accepted veterans of orld vVar II either as cadets or as civilians. Of the total number, twelve enrolled as cadets, but several later changed their status to civilians. About onethird of the veteran students live away from the campus. The remainder occupy rooms in barracks. Most of those on the campus take their meals in the cadet mess. No military or disciplinary duties are required of civilians, but necessary regulations for their conduct are enforced. The college has operated on a twelve months' program of four quarters. The President, General Charles P. Summerall, the faculty and staff are to be commended for their faithful and efficient services during the past year, and especially through the trying summer months. Teaching schedules have been completed and discipline has been maintained. It is gratifying to note the increase in attendance, both by cadets and by veterans. A near capacity attendance is expected for the coming year. ,v Respectfully submitted, JOHN P. THOMAS, Chairman. �(i THE CITADEL REPORT OF RECIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS JULY 1, 1945 TO JUNE 30, 1946 RECEIPTS Balance July 1, 1945 _________ ________ State Appropriation __________________________ Pay Fund ___________________ _ $ 257,838.47 150,000.00 303,755.28 Scholarships: Charleston City ----------------------------$ William States Lee _____________________ James R. Crouch_____________ Mrs. Jesse H. Metcalf___________ First F. A. Brigade______________________ 0__ __ ____ ___ Fifth F. A. Brigade_____________________ 1,166.66 172.17 141.71 2,580.27 1,742.00 1,742.00 7,544.81 U . S. Uniform Commutation ______________________________________ Whitehall Rent __________________ __ _ __ Cash Rental -----------------------------------------Navy Barracks Rent__________________________ Navy Subsistence __________________________ Permanent Improvements ____ _ _ _ __ _ _ Faculty Rent -----------------------------------------------------------------Reserve l?ond Interest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Miscellaneous ____________________ 5,331.82 3,600.00 35,455.76 145,150.00 171,532.30 2,040.00 13,733.73 2,892.33 46,688.45 Total Receipts ---------------------------------------- $1,145,562.95 J DISBURSEMENTS Administration: A. Personal Service: A-1. Salaries (including rent) ____ $ 53.503.17 A-3 Special Payments: Chapel Exercises ____ $585.00 Emergency Help ____ 358.20 943.20 54,446.37 �7 B. Contractual Services : B-2. Travel B-3. Telegraph and Telephone____ B-5. Printing and Advertising ____ I 2,231.02 1,627.52 3,186.85 7,045.39 C. Supplies: C-4. Office Supplies ______________________ D. Fixed Charges and Contriputions: D-1. Rent D-3. Contributions D-10. Withholding Tax 6,080.04 6.00 731.00 2,576.40 3,313.40 G. Equipment: G-1. Office Equipment Total Administration ____________ 1,195.69 $ 72,080.89 Instruction : A. Personal Service: A -1. Salaries ( including rent) ---- 135,693.27 C. Supplies: C-7. Educational Supplies __________ J 438.90 G. Equipment: G-7. Educational Equipment ______ 2,218.34 Total Instruction ____________________ $ 138,350.51 Library: A. Personal S ervice: A-1. Salaries ( including rent) ---- 6,790.33 C. Supplies: C-7. Educational Supplies __________ 373.48 G. Equipment: G-7. Educational Equipment ______ 4,346.09 Total Library $ 11,509.90 �8 Infirmary: A. Personal Service: A-1. Salaries (including rent) ____ A-2. Wages 8,~38.63 1,940.71 10,179.34 r • C. Supplies: U-6. Medical Supplies __________________ 523.18 • G: Equipment: G-2. Medical Equipment Total Infirmary 294.71 $ ---------------------- 10,997.23 Subsistence : .A. Personal Service : A-1. Salaries ( including rent) ---A-2. Wages _________ 10,644.73 66,495.18 77,139.91 92.40 2,333.14 457.20 1,661.06 1,634.90 7,891.60 14,070.30 B . Contractual Services : B-3. Telegraph and Telephone __ B -4. Repairs ----------------------B -5. Water -------------------------------------Light and Power Gas ---------------' L !!.'._u ndry ., C. Supplies : C-1. Food -----------C-2. Fuel _________ U-10. Dry Goods ------------U-11. Other Supplies ____ G. Equipment: G -3. Househ old Equipment ________ Total Subsistence ------------------ $ 181,479.52 1,440.00 514.40 1,486.46 184,920.38 3,091.20 $ 279.221.79 �Laundry: A. P ersonal Service: A-2. Wages ________ _ .r 8,510.81 U. Supplies: U-5. Laundry Supplies _ __ 1,863.10 Total Laundry _ _ _ __ $ 10,373.91 General Plant E xpense : A . Personal Service : A-1. Salaries ( including rent) ---A-2. Wages _______ __ _ 21,558.39 70,667.36 92,225.75 68,316.65 2,750.71 9,063.50 2,241.62 82,372.48 57,211.82 1,532.26 400.74 9,353.14 68,497.96 B. Uontractual Services: B-4. Repairs -----------------------------------B-6. Water -------------------------------------Light and Power __________________ Gas ------- - - ----------------------U. Supplies : . C-2. Fuel -----------------------------------------U-8. Motor Vehicle Supplies ______ U-10. Dry Goods ______________ __ U-11. Other Supplies ___________________ _ ,. D. Fixed Charges and Contributions: D-2. Insurance -------------------------------- 16,425.91 G. Equipment: G-3. Household Equipment _________ G-4. Motor Vehicles and Equipm en t -------------------------------------G-8. Other Equipment _________________ _ Total General Plant Expense 2,153.19 2,610.00 476.29 5,239.48 $ 264,761.58 �10 Store Room: A. Personal Service : 2,650.96 A-1. Salaries C. Supplies: C-7. Educational Supplies _________ _ C-10. Clothing and Dry Goods ___ _ 24,520.12 48,323.67 . _. Total Store Room _ _ __ 72,843.79 $ Student Activities: Athletic _____________ _ Y. M. C. A. ____________ _ _ Class Fund _______ _ _ _ _ __ Publications -------------- - -- Dance Fees _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 5,003.62 998.18 4,903.00 1,413.14 669.66 Total Student Activities _______ _ $ Whitehall Account ___ 12,987.60 3,600.00 $ 879,378.16 266,184.79 TOTAL ALL ACTIVITIES ____________ . Balance _______ _ _ _ __ Balance Distributed: Reserve Fund _ _ _ _ _ __ Cadet Fees _ _ _ __ __ 75,494.75 $ 180,000.00 86,184.79 $ 266,184.79 ����, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annual Reports of the Board of Visitors Description An account of the resource Annual reports for the Board of Visitors from 1885 - Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Language A language of the resource English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Annual Report of the Board of Visitors, 1945-1946 Subject The topic of the resource The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Annual report Description An account of the resource Annual report of the Board of Visitors, 1945-1946 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Citadel Archives & Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Materials in The Citadel Archives & Museum Digital Collections are intended for educational and research use. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. For more information contact The Citadel Archives & Museum, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29409. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://citadeldigitalarchives.omeka.net/items/show/1798